WIRE ROPE HANDBOOK
COOKES
Wire Rope Manufacture at Cookes Factory in Auckland. The Only Manufacturer of Wire Rope in New Zealand. 2
COOKES CONTENTS About Cookes ................................................ 4 Cookes Product Range .................................. 6 Wire Rope Design & Construction .............. 10 Wire Rope Selection Engineering & General Purpose Ropes ....... 34 Logging Ropes ............................................. 38 Fishing Ropes .............................................. 44 Marine Ropes ............................................... 58 Crane Ropes................................................. 72 Elevator Ropes ............................................. 78 Stay Strand & Clothes Line ......................... 82 Services ........................................................ 86 Associated Products..................................... 90 Branches ...................................................... 98 Ropes in this catalogue are manufactured in accordance with: BS 302 Parts 2, 3, 6, 7 & 8. BS EN 12385-1-4-5:2002 I.S.O. 2408:1985 Minimum breaking loads (MBL) are quoted in this catalogue in kilo Newtons. kN x 0.10197 = tonne. tonne x 9.80665 = kN. 3
COOKES
New Zealand’s Most Extensive Industrial Support Service. • The firm of William Cooke & Company was founded in 1862 at Tinsley in the United Kingdom. An office was opened in Auckland in 1911 to handle the distribution of wire rope and associated products in New Zealand. • Cookes are now part of the F. K. I. group of Companies that includes a number of the world’s leading lifting equipment manufacturers including Parsons Chain Co. (U.K.) and Crosby International (U.S.A.). • Cookes operate New Zealand’s only wire rope manufacturing plant. • Cookes operate websling and webbing load restraint manufacturing plants in both Auckland and Christchurch. • Cookes Engineering Workshop manufactures cutting edges for supply throughout New Zealand. 4
COOKES • All products manufactured by Cookes meet worldwide standards such as Lloyds Register of Shipping, New Zealand Standards Association, British Standards and ISO 9002 Quality Assurance. • Cookes head office and branches carry TELARC ISO 9002 accreditation. • Cookes operate load testing facilities at most branches throughout New Zealand and on-site testing vehicles in both Auckland and Christchurch. • In 1992 a manufacturing plant was installed to produce the Brifen road safety barrier system for highways throughout New Zealand and export. • In 1994 a 150 tonne Rotary Swaging Machine was installed to produce swaged wire rope for the logging industry and later the fishing industry. In 2001 a second swager was added to handle the increased demand for this product. 5
COOKES
Product Range WIRE ROPE: Conventional, Swaged, Dyform, Dyswaged, Blue Strand, N. Z. manufacture up to 60 mm dia. Imported Casar and Korean TESTING SERVICES: Proof loading of all lifting equipment (Telarc Registered). 100 tonne test bed, non-destructive testing, telemetry load cells up to 100 tonnes. BLOCKS: Electric/manual chain blocks, pulley, crane and logging blocks,stainless steel pulleys. ESCO EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT: Bucket teeth and adaptors, Super V, ripper shanks and tips, grader shanks and tips, end bits, cutting edges and plow bolts to suit. GRADER BLADES: Cutting edges, end bits and plow bolts. Mouldboard liners. CRUSHER PARTS: Jaws, mantles and hammers. SCREENS: Both wire and polyurethane. PENGO: Auger equipment, trencher teeth. LUBRICANTS: Brilube wire rope dressing. SLINGS: Wire and fibre rope, chain and web slings. LOG RIGGING EQUIPMENT: Marlin spikes, cee hooks, chokers, ferrules, pulley blocks, log grapples, rings, butt rigging. EYE BOLTS: Certified, all sizes available, threaded or blank. Stainless steel commercial eyebolts. 6
COOKES Product Range AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT: Tractor accessories and 3-point linkage parts. HOISTS: Chain lever type, Supertil wire rope hoists, travelling trolleys, plate lifting clamps. HOOKS: Crane, eye and swivel hooks, marine certified. Cee, choker, stainless steel, snap and chain grab hooks. CHAIN: Galvanised, all sizes, mooring chain, load restraint, hi tensile, lifting chain, grade 80 & grade 100 chain, chain swivels, security chain and stainless steel chain. HYDRAULIC TOOLS: Enerpac hand and powered pumps, cylinders. Extra high pressure hose. Full range of product available. TRANSMISSION: V-belts, timing belts, transmission, conveyor, feeder, attachment and agriculture chain. Saw chain and accessories. Sprockets and pulleys, automotive V-belts, chain breakers, motorcycle chain. “Aqua” corrosion resistant chain. WEBBING AND CARGO EQUIPMENT: Manufacturers of webslings to NZS5227, truck tiedown restraints, recovery straps, mini tiedown restraints, curtainside webbing and fittings, boat and motorcycle straps, roundslings. HOSE AND COUPLINGS: Complete range hydraulic hose and couplings. Automotive and industrial hose. 7
COOKES
Product Range HIGH TENSILE LIFTING CHAIN: Kuplex, Weissenfels and Hercalloy chain. Complete range of fittings to suit all applications. LOADBINDERS: Lever and ratchet type chain twitches. MARINE PRODUCTS: Shackles, swivels, fibre ropes, boat trailer winch ropes, thimbles, turnbuckles, rigging screws, boat trailer winches, stainless steel rigging hardware, stainless steel chain, mooring and anchor chain. FIBRE ROPES: Full range of natural and synthetic fibre rope at wholesale prices. SHACKLES: Commercial or certified, galvanised or self colour, bow or dee. Hi-load alloy. Stainless steel dee. HEIGHT SAFETY EQUIPMENT: Full range of harnesses, lanyards, fall arrest devices and karabiners. WEARALLOY: High impact and abrasion resistant steel. All sizes available.
ASK OUR STAFF FOR FURTHER DETAILS
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COOKES This catalogue is designed to provide a non-technical guide to the selection of a suitable wire rope for various applications. Technical information is restricted to weights and breaking loads and a few formulae. Constructions and sizes shown here are those commonly available and used in New Zealand but there are many others and enquiries for special applications should be directed to your nearest Cookes branch. Wire Rope is a machine of many working parts and like most machines it must be made right, selected right for the application and used correctly in that application. Like many machines, there is a great variety of types of wire rope, each with different properties to suit it’s intended use. The internal combustion engine used to power a racing car is quite different to the one powering a large truck although they both may produce the same horsepower. Like many machines it is impossible to combine the advantages of each type into one single machine. The high horsepower and low weight of a racing engine would be great in a truck. The high fuel cost and short life would not. The same with wire rope, the attributes that make one construction eminently suitable for one application could well be a total disaster in another.
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COOKES WIRE ROPE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION Wire ropes are composed of independent parts - wires, strands and cores - that interact with each other during service. Wire rope engineers design those parts in different steel grades, finishes and a variety of constructions to attain the best balance of strength, abrasion resistance, crush resistance, bending fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance for each application. To select the best wire rope for each application, one must know the required performance characteristics for the job and enough about wire rope design to select the optimum combination of wire rope properties. The following information is provided as a basic guide. Our expert in house staff and field service specialists are available to provide more specific recommendations.
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COOKES The three attributes of a wire rope to consider are: (1) Strength. (2) Flexibility. (3) Robustness. In all dynamic rope applications (as opposed to static applications such as guy wires etc.) the choice is invariably a compromise. Strength can be increased by increasing the diameter of the wire rope and/or increasing the tensile strength of the individual wires and/or increasing the cross sectional steel content (by decreasing the air voids between the wires) and/or using a steel core construction. Flexibility can be increased by using more wires of a smaller diameter and/or decreasing the tensile strength of the individual wires and/or using a fibre core. Robustness, or resistance to physical damage, can be increased by using fewer wires of a larger diameter and/or using a steel core and/or by increasing the steel area exposed to sources of external damage. Coatings such as galvanizing or others can be applied to protect against corrosion.
11
COOKES In almost all cases improving one attribute distracts from another. In addition the wire rope’s workplace is rarely ideal. Apart from the environment (dirt, dust, moisture and chemicals), the equipment to which the rope is fitted is rarely ideal and another set of compromises must be decided on. For example all wire rope suffers from being bent and the smaller the bend radius the shorter the rope life. For a 26mm wire rope to escape bend fatigue the winch drum or block sheaves over which it runs would need a minimum diameter of over 1.5 metres. This is clearly impractical in many applications, and unnecessary if bend fatigue does not cause the ultimate demise of the rope.
Tensile 1770mpa 1570mpa 1420mpa
12
Hardness of Wire Rope Brinell Rockwell C 425/510 45 400/425 43 380/425 41
COOKES TERMINOLOGY Wire rope consists of a number of strands laid up usually over a central core. Each strand is made from a number of individual wires. Wire Strand Rope
Core
CORES Almost all wire rope is laid up over a core, Fibre Core (natural or synthetic), Independent Wire Rope Core or Wire Strand Core (FC, IWRC or WSC):
Fibre Core
Independent Wire Rope Core
Wire Strand Core 13
COOKES STRAND CONSTRUCTIONS. Strands are designed with various combinations of wires and wire sizes to produce the desired resistance to fatigue and abrasion. Generally, a small number of large wires will be more abrasion resistant and less fatigue resistant than a large number of small wires.
14
Single Size
The basic strand has wires of the same size wound around a centre.
Seale
Large outer wires with the same number of small inner wires around a core wire. Provides excellent abrasion resistance but less fatigue resistance. When used with an IWRC, it offers excellent crush resistance over drums.
Filler Wire
Small wires fill spaces between large wires to produce crush resistance and a good balance of strength, flexibility and resistance to abrasion
COOKES Outer layer of alternately large and small wires provides good Warrington flexibility and strength but low abrasion and crush resistance.
Seale Filler Wire
Filler Wire Seale
Many commonly used wire ropes use combinations of these basic constructions
Warrington Seale
Multiple Operation
One of the above strand designs may be covered with one or more layers of uniform sized wires. 15
COOKES LAY Regular Lay The most common lay in which the wires wind in one direction and the strands the opposite direction (right lay shown). Less likely to kink and untwist, easier to handle, more crush resistant than Lang lay. Lang Lay Wires in strands and strands of rope wind the same direction (right lay shown). Increased resistance to abrasion, greater flexibility and fatigue resistance than regular lay, will kink and untwist. Right Lay Strands wound to the right around the core (regular lay shown). The most common construction.
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COOKES LAY Left Lay Strands wound to the left around the core (regular lay shown). Used in a few special situations - cable tool drilling line, for example. Alternate Lay Alternate strands of right regular and right Lang lay. Combines the best features of regular and Lang lay for boom hoist or winch lines. WIRE ROPE SIZE The size of a wire rope is the diameter of a circle which will just enclose all the strands.
Wrong
Right 17
COOKES FINISH Bright finish is suitable for most applications. Galvanized finish is available for corrosive environments. Plastic jacketing is also available on some constructions. WIRE GRADES The most common steel wire grades are: 1420-1770 N/mm², and 1860N/mm². Stainless steels and other special grades are provided for special applications. Most wire ropes are made with round wires. Both triangular and shaped wires are also used for special constructions. Generally, the higher the strength of the wire, the lower it’s ductility will be. ABRASION AND BENDING Fatigue Resistance
Abrasion Resistance DECREASES with smaller wires
DECREASES with fewer wires
ß ß Ý INCREASES with larger wires
Ý INCREASES with more wires
The “X-Chart”. Abrasion Resistance Vs Bending Fatigue Resistance. While there is a possibility, there is little likelihood that an application can be found for which there is a precisely suitable wire rope. 18
COOKES As with all engineering design proplems, feasible solutions demand compromise to some degree. At times is becomes neccessary to settle for less than optimum resistance to abrasion in order to obtain the maximum flexibility: the latter being a more important requirement for a given job. A typical example of this kind of trade-off would be in selecting a highly flexible rope on an overhead crane. Conversly, in a haulage installation, a rope with greater resistance to abrasion would be chosen despite the fact that such ropes are markedly less flexible. Two compelling factors that govern most decisions as to the selection of a wire rope are abrasion resistance and resistance to bending fatigue. Striking a proper balance with respect to these two important characteristics demands judgement of a very high order. A graphic presentation of just such comparison of qualities between the most widely used rope constructions and others is given by means of an Xchart. Referring to this chart when selecting a rope, the midpoint (at the X) comes close to an even balance between abrasion resistance and resistance to bending fatigue. Reading up or down along either leg of the X, the inverse relationship becomes more apparent as one quality increases and the other decreases. See next page. 19
COOKES The “X Chart”
ST Ü
G
RE
Flattened Strand
TO
AB
CE
RA
SI
O
AN ST
12
6x21FW
NÞ
SI
10
6x19S
RE
T
AT E
AS
9
BE
6x26FW
CE ST AN SI RE Ü
RE E AT
T
6x36WS
G
AS
Þ UE
6x49FWS
ST
LE
G
16
6x31WS
TI FA
14
G
12
IN
TO
ND
12
18
20
6x7 LE
NUMBER OF OUTSIDE WIRES PER STRAND
6
6x64 SFWS
COOKES EFFECT OF SHEAVE SIZE Wire Ropes are Manufactured in a great variety of constructions to meet the varying demands of wire rope usage. Where abrasion is an important factor, the rope must be made of a coarse construction containing relatively large wires. In other cases, the great amount of bending to which a rope is subjected is more important. Here, a more flexible construction, containing many relatively small wires, is required. In either case, however, if the rope operates over inadequate size sheaves, the severe bending stresses imposed will cause the wires to break from fatigue, even though actual wear is slight. The smaller the diameter of the sheave, the sooner these fatigue breaks will occur and the shorter rope life becomes. Another undesirable effect of small sheaves is accelerated wear of both rope and sheave groove. The pressure per unit of rope on sheave for a given load is inversely proportional to the size of the sheave. In other words the smaller the sheave the greater the rope pressure per unit area on the groove. Using the proper diameter sheave for the size and construction of rope can obviously prolong both sheave and rope life. Sheave diameter can also influence rope strength. When a wire rope is bent around a sheave, there is a loss of effective strength. 21
COOKES This is due to the inability of the individual strands and wires to adjust themselves entirely to their changed position. Tests show that rope strength efficiency decreases to a marked degree as the sheave diameter is reduced with with respect to the diameter of the rope. Therefore, it is evident that a definite relationship exists between rope service and sheave size. As a guide to rope users, wire rope manufacturers have established standards for sheave sizes to be used with various rope constructions. To secure the most economical service, it is important that the suggested size of sheaves given on the following page be used. As a rope is run through a groove, both become smaller. A used groove can be too small for a new rope, thus accelerating rope wear. A compromise between rope life and machining frequency must be made. Grooves should have an arc of contact with the wire rope between 135 and 150 degrees. They should be tapered to permit the rope to enter and leave the groove smoothly. Field inspection groove gauges are made to the nominal diameter of the rope plus 1/2 of the allowable rope oversize tolerance. When the gauge fits perfectly, the groove is at the minimum permissible contour 22
COOKES PROPER SHEAVE AND DRUM SIZES Construction
Suggested Minimum D/d* ratio D/d* ratio
6x7 19x7 or 18x7 Rotation resistant
72
42
51
34
6x19 Seale
51
34
6x27 H Flattened strand
45
30
6x31V Flattened strand
45
30
6x21 Filler wire
45
30
6x25 Filler wire
39
26
6x31 Warrington Seale
39
26
6x36 Warrington Seale
35
23
8x19 Seale
41
27
8x25 Filler wire
32
21
6x41 Warrington Seale
32
21
6x42 Filler
21
14
*D = tread diameter of sheave. d = nominal diameter of rope. 23
COOKES DRUM WINDING It is very important to have a rope wind evenly and tightly on a smooth drum. Due to lay direction and tension, rope has a tendency to rotate or roll as it approaches a winch drum. This characteristic is used to advantage by establishing the winding direction and dead end location so the rope will rotate in the direction of the preceding wrap. Tightly packed wraps on the all-important first layer will ensure proper winding for additional layers. If the drum attachment and direction of wraps are not correctly selected, the first layer of rope will not wind evenly or tightly, causing the second layer to pinch down between the wraps of the first layer. The resultant uneven winding will become worse with each succeeding layer and result in abnormal scuffing and abrasion. If there are sufficient layers the rope will pile up and “fall over” on itself with disastrous results. The hand rule is a convenient way to check the correct lay for an installation. The extended thumb points to the flange to which the rope is terminated while the extended forefinger represents the rope leaving the drum. A palm up hand represents underwind and palm down overwind. If the right hand meets the conditions, use right hand lay rope and vice versa. 24
COOKES RIGHT HAND - RIGHT LAY ROPE Overwind
Underwind
Right hand, palm down
Right hand, palm up
LEFT HAND - LEFT LAY ROPE Overwind
Underwind
Left hand, palm down Left hand, palm up Left lay is not always readily available so design equipment to accept right lay if possible. 25
COOKES FLEET ANGLE Excessive fleet angles can cause serious damage to wire rope, sheaves and grooved drums. Severe scuffing results when rope wears against groove walls, grinding them down causing the rope to become bruised and crushed.
Fleet Angle Sheave C/line Rope C/line
26
Fleet Angle
Fleet angles on equipment should preferably be kept between 1° and 1.5° and should not exceed 2° for smooth drums or 4° for grooved drums. To ensure the rope crossing back and starting the second layer properly without assistance the fleet angle should not be less than 1°. The fleet angle is that angle between the centre line of the first fixed sheave and the centre line of the rope leading to the drum.
COOKES
CALCULATION OF DRUM CAPACITIES Capacity in metres = (A+B) x A x C x N The value of N is taken from the table below Rope dia. 6 10 11 13 14
N 87.226 31.416 25.963 18.589 16.028
Rope dia. N 16 12.271 19 8.702 22 6.491 26 4.647 28 4.007
Rope dia. 32 35 38 40 44
N 3.068 2.565 2.176 1.963 1.623
ALTERNATIVE METHOD Rope length (m) = (A + B) x A x C x p x 106 d² Where A, B & C are quoted in metres and d in mm 27
COOKES MULTIPLE PULLEY SYSTEMS Under static conditions the tension in each part of a rope in a multi-reeved system will be the total load to be lifted divided by the number of parts supporting the load. When the load is raised it is necessary to take into account forces required to overcome friction in the sheave bearings and the resistance to bending of the rope as it passes over the sheave. These additional forces are cumulative and vary with the type of bearing and the sheave tread:rope diameter ratio.
t
Sheave:rope Plain Ball/Roller dia ratio Bearing Bearing about 15:1 8%/sheave 5%/sheave about 20:1 6%/sheave 4%/sheave > 25:1 5%/sheave 3%/sheave
No of parts 3% 1 1.030W 2 0.523W 3 0.354W 4 0.269W 5 0.218W 6 0.185W 7 0.161W 8 0.143W 28
Percent per Sheave 6% 5% 4% 1.040W 1.050W 1.060W 0.530W 0.538W 0.545W 0.360W 0.367W 0.374W 0.276W 0.282W 0.289W 0.225W 0.231W 0.237W 0.191W 0.197W 0.203W 0.167W 0.173W 0.179W 0.149W 0.155W 0.161W
8% 1.080W 0.561W 0.388W 0.302W 0.250W 0.216W 0.192W 0.174W
COOKES SAFE WORKING LOADS The safe working load (SWL) of a wire rope or a sling made from it is calculated by dividing the particular wire rope’s minimum breaking load (MBL) by the safety factor to be used. This safety factor depends on the application and may be determined by legislation or other codes of practice. A common safety factor is 5:1 which means the SWL of the rope is 1/5th of it’s MBL. Where the load is evenly supported by more than one length of rope the SWL can be increased as shown: Load carried on two parts at 90° = SWL x 1.4
Load carried on two parts = SWL x .8
Load carried equally on two parts at 30º = SWL x 2 at 60º = SWL x 1.8 at 90º = SWL x 1.4 at 120º = SWL x 1
Load carried on four parts at 90° = SWL x 2.1 29
COOKES Incorrect installation or handling prior to installation can damage a wire rope and cause failure before it is even put to work. Care must be taken to avoid putting a kink in the rope and thus permanently damaging it. DO NOT lie the coil on it’s side or the reel on it’s flange and lift the wraps off the top! The following illustrations demonstrate correct methods:
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31
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Ensure that wire rope always passes around winch drums and sheaves in the same direction (always clockwise or always anticlockwise) and ensure that the rope is loaded to equipment in the same direction as supplied i.e. top of reel (or coil) to top of winch drum or bottom to bottom, never top to bottom or vice versa:
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COOKES
Wire Rope Selection
33
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34
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Engineering & General Purpose Ropes
35
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Engineering & General Purpose Ropes 6 x 19 9/9/1 1770 N/mm² 6 x 31 12/6&6/6/1 Fibre Core 1770 N/mm²
IWRC
6 x 36 14/7&7/7/1 1770 N/mm² Galvanised 6 x 41 16/8&8/8/1 1770 N/mm² Galvanised Specifications facing page
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COOKES Dia (mm) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 32 35 36 38 40 44 48 52 54 56 60
MBL (kN*) FC IWRC 37.40 47.30 58.40 70.70 84.10 98.70 114.00 150.00 189.00 211.00 234.00 283.00 336.00 395.00 458.00 598.00 716.00 757.00 843.00 935.00 1131.00 1346.00 1579.00 1703.00 1832.00 2103.00
40.31 50.99 62.96 76.20 90.71 105.91 123.56 160.83 203.98 226.53 252.03 304.99 362.85 425.61 494.26 644.30 771.78 816.89 910.06 1008 1220 1452 1704 1737 1976 2268
Weight (kg/m) FC IWRC .231 .292 .361 .437 .520 .610 .708 .924 1.17 1.30 1.44 1.75 2.08 2.44 2.83 3.70 4.42 4.68 5.21 5.78 6.99 8.32 9.76 10.53 11.32 13.00
.255 .322 .398 .482 .573 .673 .780 1.02 1.29 1.44 1.59 1.93 2.29 2.69 3.12 4.08 4.88 5.16 5.75 6.37 7.71 9.17 10.76 11.61 12.48 14.33
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
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COOKES
38
COOKES
Logging Ropes
39
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Logging Ropes 6 x 19 IWRC 9/9/1 1770 N/mm² Standard 6 x 31 IWRC 12/6&6/6/1 1770 N/mm² Standard
6 x 26 IWRC 10/5&5/5/1 1770 N/mm² Dyform
Specifications facing page
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COOKES
Dia (mm) 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 32 35 38
MBL (kN*) Std. Dyform 106.00 120 124.00 140 161.00 185 204.00 236 227.00 258 252.00 295 305.00 350 363.00 415 426.00 481 494..00 560 645.00 732 772.00 910.00
Weight (kg/m) Std. Dyform .673 .78 .780 .90 1.02 1.17 1.29 1.48 1.44 1.66 1.59 1.82 1.93 2.17 2.29 2.66 2.69 3.13 3.12 3.59 4.08 4.69 4.88 5.75
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
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COOKES
Logging Ropes (Cont.)
Swaged 6 x 19 IWRC 9/9/1 6 x 26 IWRC 10/5&5/5/1 6 x 31 IWRC 12/6&6/6/1 1770 N/mm²
Specifications facing page
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COOKES
Dia (mm) 13 16 19 23 26 28 32
MBL (kN*) Swaged 147 237 340 437 574 659 812
Weight (kg/m) Swaged .84 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.9 3.3 5.2
Dyswaged available on request
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
43
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44
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Fishing Ropes
45
COOKES
Fishing Ropes Standard
Dyform
3 x 19F 12/6+6F/1 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised 3 x 26 10/5&5/5/1 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised 3 x 31 12/6&6/6/1 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised Specifications facing page
46
COOKES
Dia (mm) 2.50 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00
MBL (kN*) Std. Dyform 4.58 34.30 50.16 59.20 73.15 83.02 87.00 115.52 158.47 184.42 213.45 216.00 280.00 330.30 372.02 461.90
117.12 162.30 196.35 230.44 250.00 298.84 356.94 428.42 485.05
Weight (kg/m) Std. .0233 .24 .30 .36 .44 .52 .62 .71 .95 1.20 1.30 1.48 1.78 2.04 2.41 2.85
Dyform
.744 1.00 1.23 1.42 1.55 1.90 2.30 2.79 2.99
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
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COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.) Swaged
Fibre Core 4 x 30 12/6+6/6/F 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised
Specifications facing page
48
COOKES
Dia (mm) 10 12 14 16 18 19 20 22 24
MBL (kN*) 73.00 105.00 132.00 174.00 224.00 254.00 276.00 326.56 356.00
Weight (kg/m) .43 .58 .80 1.078 1.430 1.695 1.780 2.012 2.433
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
49
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.) Standard 6 x 15 7/7/1 6 x 17 8/8/1 6 x 19 9/9/1
Fibre Core
IWRC
6 x 21 10/5+5f/1 6 x 26 10/5&5/5/1 6 x 31 12/6&6/6/1 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised 50
Specifications facing page
COOKES
Dia (mm) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
MBL (kN*) Fibre 33.13 47.31 54.00 68.20 82.70 87.60 102.00 133.00 179.00 187.00 207.00 251.00 298.00 350.00 406.00 468.32 567.97
IWRC 39.37 43.00 56.88 67.67 81.16 94.50 110.00 143.00 181.00 204.00 224.00 271.00 363.00 387.00 484.07 521.18 591.80
Weight (kg/m) Fibre 0.23 0.29 0.36 0.44 0.52 0.61 0.71 0.92 1.17 1.30 1.44 1.75 2.08 2.44 2.83 2.97 3.44
IWRC .24 .323 0.41 0.48 0.57 0.67 0.78 1.02 1.27 1.39 1.59 1.93 2.29 2.69 3.12 3.51 4.06
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
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COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.) Dyform
6 x 19 9/9/1 Fibre Core 6 x 26 10/5&5/5/1
IWRC
6 x 31 12/6&6/6/1 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised
Specifications facing page
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Dia (mm) 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 29 30 32
MBL (kN*) Fibre 57.86 72.12 82.88 89.84 122.00 143.00 193.27 204.54 231.55 278.18 328.99 402.00 442.45 464.00 515.50 574.77
IWRC 61.88 78.67 90.62 108.92 121.60 168.27 211.60 220.00 250.35 301.30 354.98 413.00 479.09 591.77 623.66
Weight (kg/m) Fibre .36 .449 .518 .621 .703 .963 1.21 1.37 1.51 1.91 2.13 2.52 2.85 3.25 3.40 3.69
IWRC .42 .521 .601 .722 .827 1.12 1.40 1.54 1.73 2.09 2.47 2.93 3.32 3.98 4.31
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
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COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.) Dy/Swaged
6 x 19 9/9/1 Fibre Core
IWRC
6 x 26 10/5&5/5/1 6 x 31 12/6&6/6/1 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised
Specifications facing page
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Dia (mm) 10 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
MBL (kN*) Fibre 65.20 92.94 110.22 128.33 165.32 222.30 229.30 266.03 313.82 364.12 451.98 497.72 570.02 671.27
IWRC 69.99 99.84 119.08 137.15 184.40 246.51 253.65 310.74 336.95 391.73 483.30 539.10 616.10 725.03
Weight (kg/m) Fibre .43 .613 .726 .848 1.09 1.45 1.50 1.74 2.08 2.40 2.98 3.56 3.78 4.53
IWRC .49 .694 .831 .998 1.25 1.64 1.73 1.97 2.36 2.72 3.36 3.8 4.3 5.13
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
55
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.) Combination Ropes
6 x Decitex/9/f 6 x Decitex/15/9/f Polyprop Core IWRC Galvanised
Specifications facing page
56
COOKES
MBL (kN*) Dia mm 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 60
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
IWRC
Fibre
IWRC
35.00 40.00 49.00 55.25 68.71 78.72 101.5 117.0 143.0 610.0
50.00 53.50 59.54 69.09 101.0 115.0 161.0 176.0 213.0 904.0
.268 .366 .380 .580 .688 .720 .880 1.02 1.61 4.68
.324 .460 .491 .620 .873 .950 1.10 1.32 1.61 6.42
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
57
COOKES
58
COOKES
Marine Ropes
59
COOKES
Marine Ropes Stainless 316
1 x 19 12/6/1
Specifications facing page
60
COOKES
Dia. (mm) 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
MBL (kN*) 1.8 3.3 5.2 7.4 13.1 20.6 29.7 40.4 52.8 66.8 82.4 101.0 118.6
Weight (kg/m) .011 .020 .031 .044 .079 .124 .178 .243 .317 .401 .495 .599 .713
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
61
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.) Stainless 316
7x7 6/1
7 x 19 12/6/1 or 9/9/1
Specifications facing page
62
COOKES
Dia (mm) 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
MBL (kN*) 7x7 1.30 2.37 3.71 5.34 7.60 9.46 14.8 21.4 29.1 38.0 59.3 85.4 117.0
7 x 19 2.2 3.4 5.0 7.0 8.9 13.9 20.0 27.3 35.6 55.6 80.0 84.4 109.0
Weight (kg/m) 7x7 .0096 .0170 .027 .037 .049 .065 .094 .136 .185 .242 .378 .545 .741
7 x 19 .018 .026. .038 .050 .068 .093 .134 .182 .238 .372 .535 .579 .728
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
63
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.)
6 x 19 12/6/1
Fibre Core
IWRC
6 x 19 (9/9/1) 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised
Note The above ropes can be manufactured with a P.V.C. covering up to 32:00mm outside dia. Specifications facing page
64
COOKES
Dia (mm) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 32
MBL (kN*) Fibre 33.13 41.91 53.89 65.86 77.43 87.42 101.79 132.72 167.65 186.61 206.57 250.47 297.38 349.27 405.16 544.35
IWRC 39.37 43.00 56.88 67.67 80.61 94.63 109.83 143.18 192.77 202.00 224.57 269.44 333.43 377.21 484.00 606.75
Weight (kg/m) Fibre 0.23 0.29 0.36 0.44 0.52 0.61 0.71 0.92 1.17 1.30 1.44 1.75 2.08 2.44 2.83 3.44
IWRC 0.24 0.32 0.41 0.48 0.57 0.67 0.78 1.02 1.27 1.39 1.59 1.93 2.29 2.69 3.12 4.06
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
65
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.)
6x7 6/1
Fibre Core
WSC
7x7 6/1 1770 N/mm² Galvanised
Note The above ropes can be manufactured with a P.V.C. covering up to 32:00mm outside dia. Specifications facing page
66
COOKES
Dia mm 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0
MBL (kN*) 6x7 7x7 Fibre WSC 2.35 2.54 3.66 4.28 5.29 5.72 9.40 10.20 14.70 15.90 21.20 22.90 28.80 31.10 37.60 40.70 47.60 51.50 58.80 63.50 71.10 76.90 84.60 91.50 99.30 107.00 115.00 125.00 150.00 163.00 190.00 206.00 212.00 229.00 236.00 254.00 284.00 308.00 338.00 366.00 397.00 430.00 461.00 498.00
Weight (kg/m) 6x7 7x7 Fibre WSC .0138 .0152 .0196 .0236 .0311 .0343 .0554 .0610 .0865 .0953 .125 .137 .170 .187 .221 .244 .280 .309 .346 .381 .419 .461 .498 .549 .585 .644 .678 .747 .886 .975 1.12 1.23 1.25 1.38 1.38 1.52 1.67 1.84 1.99 2.19 2.34 2.58 2.71 2.99
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
67
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.) Small Cords
6 x 19 & 7 x 19
6 x 19 Fibre
7 x 19 or 6 x 19 WSC
9/9/1 & 12/6/1 1770 N/mm² Galvanised
Specifications facing page
68
COOKES
Dia mm 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
MBL (kN*) Fibre 4.89 6.64 8.69 10.98 13.60 16.40 19.60 22.95 28.60 30.50
WSC 5.29 7.85 9.40 12.95 14.70 19.42 21.20 27.07 30.90 36.00
Weight (kg/m) Fibre .0311 .0378 .0554 .0612 .0865 .0913 .125 .130 .177 .185
WSC .0343 .0465 .0610 .0762 .0953 .114 .137 .154 .195 .219
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
69
COOKES
Marine & Lashing Ropes. 6 x 12 12/f 1420 N/mm²
Fibre Core
6 x 24 15/9/f 6 x 24 12/12/f 1420/1770 N/mm² Galvanised Note The above ropes can be manufactured with a braid cover. Specifications facing page
70
COOKES
MBL (kN*) Dia (mm) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
12/f 19.00 24.00 29.70 35.90 42.70 50.11 58.20 76.00 96.10 107.30 118.66 143.18 170.64 200.00 232.42 266.74 304.00
12/12/f 15/9/f 28.10 35.60 44.00 53.20 63.30 74.30 86.20 113.00 142.00 159.00 176.00 213.00 253.00 297.00 345.00 396.00 450.00
Weight (kg/m) 12/f .127 .160 .194 .254 .300 .346 .400 .643 .670 .745 .820 .974 1.145 1.380 1.590 1.800 2.120
12/12/f 15/9/f .200 .253 .314 .380 .457 .531 .616 .803 1.028 1.132 1.255 1.520 1.805 2.122 2.458 2.521 3.213
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
71
COOKES
72
COOKES
Crane Ropes
73
COOKES
Crane Ropes
18 x 7 6/1 1770 N/mm²
Dyform 18 18 x 19 9/9/1 1960 N/mm²
Specifications facing page
74
COOKES
Dia (mm) 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.0 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28
MBL (kN*)
Weight (kg/m)
18 x 7 Dyform 18 18 x 7 Dyform 18 14.02 0.10 23.73 0.16 37.12 0.25 46.91 0.32 58.10 .390 70.06 0.47 83.60 .562 124.00 97.90 0.66 0.83 113.77 135.33 0.76 0.85 148.69 193.00 1.00 1.18 1.49 187.61 213.00 1.26 1.66 209.57 226.00 1.41 232.00 285.00 1.56 1.85 280.42 353.00 1.89 2.28 334.00 413.00 2.25 2.68 391.18 475.00 2.64 3.08 441.00 2.96
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
75
COOKES
Crane Ropes (Cont.) EUROLIFT
Casar 40 x 7 6/1 1960 N/mm²
Specifications facing page
76
COOKES Dia (mm) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 34 36 38 40
MBL (kN*) 89.6 108.8 130.8 152.7 179.1 204.0 230.6 257.9 293.9 329.0 362.2 396.1 441.4 471.8 524.3 567.9 614.9 654.2 712.9 754.6 817.4 930.0 1045.0 1185.0 1319.0 1462.0
Weight (kg/m) 0.49 0.593 0.705 0.821 0.949 1.091 1.257 1.406 1.601 1.768 1.956 2.142 2.373 2.609 2.813 3.076 3.285 3.530 3.846 4.062 4.347 5.011 5.641 6.306 7.081 7.831
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
77
COOKES
78
COOKES
Elevator Ropes
79
COOKES
Elevator Ropes
8 x 19 9/9/1 1370/1770 N/mm²
Natural Fibre Core
Specifications facing page
80
COOKES
Dia (mm) 9.5 11 13 16
MBL (kN) 39.71 53.20 74.30 113.00
Weight (kg/m) .310 .420 .586 .888
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
81
COOKES
Horticultural High Tensile Galvanised Strand
Prefabricated loop. No tools required Þ
82
COOKES
Stay Strand & Clothes Line
83
COOKES
Stay Strand & Clothes Line
1x7 Galvanised
Specifications facing page
84
COOKES
MBL
Tensile Grade
Strand Dia + (mm) 3.55 4.8 6.0 7.5 9.5
Wires/ Dia (mm) 5/1.25 7/1.6 7/2.0 7/2.5 7/3.15
(kN*) 386 _ 1080 14.02 27.46 1200/1300 42.17 1200/1300 58.84 1200/1300
4.8 6.0 7.5 9.5 12.0
7/1.6 7/2.0 7/2.5 7/3.15 7/4.0
9.85 15.40 23.53 38.20 61.70
700/800 700/800 700/800 700/800 700/800
.057 .110 .170 .300 .430
Equiv Wire Gauge 18G 16G 14G 12G 10G
.110 .170 .300 .430 .690
16G 14G 12G 10G 8G
kg/m
+ Approximate Diameter * kN x 0.10197 = tonne
85
COOKES
Services
1,000 tonne talurit press at Auckland rigging loft.
86
COOKES
Hand Splice
Mechanical Splice Mechanical Splice
87
COOKES
Hand Splice with Thimble
Mechanical Splice with Thimble
88
COOKES
Test bed for proof loading and certification of all types of lifting equipment. On site service includes installation, maintenance and non-destructive testing. 89
COOKES
Associated Products Lubricating & protective coatings, each specially fomulated for particular wire rope applications
Turnbuckles & Rigging Screws Shackles Rope Grips Thimbles Twitches/ Load Binders
90
COOKES
Chain
Chain Blocks & Lever Hoists
91
COOKES
Wire Rope Hoists
Wire Rope Safety Fence
92
COOKES
Web Slings
Load Restraints & Webbing Hardware 93
COOKES
Height Safety & Fall Arrest Equipment
Synthetic & Natural Fibre Rope
94
COOKES
Whangarei Auckland
Branches
Tauranga Rotorua
New Plymouth Napier Nelson
Timaru
Wellington
Christchurch Ashburton
Dunedin Invercargill
95
COOKES NOTES
96
COOKES NOTES
97
COOKES BRANCHES Head Office & Factory 6-10 Greenmount Dr East Tamaki P O Box 14-422 Panmure AUCKLAND Phone (09) 274-4299 Fax (09) 274-7982 Email:
[email protected] Whangarei Lower Port Road P O Box 708 Phone (09) 438-8964 Fax (09) 438-9272 Email:
[email protected] Tauranga 1 Marsh Street P O Box 14-204 Phone (07) 578-0605 Fax (07) 578-0604 Email: tausales @cookes.co.nz 98
Rotorua Marguerita Street P O Box 633 Phone (07) 348-3043 Fax (07) 346-3283 Email:
[email protected] Napier 182A Hyderabad Rd P O Box 12-003 Ahuriri Phone (06) 834-0690 Fax (06) 834-0872 New Plymouth 18 Eliot Street P O Box 854 Phone (06) 758-0860 Fax (06) 758-0861 Email:
[email protected] Palmerston North Resident Representative Phone (025) 453-902 Fax (06) 354-2418
COOKES BRANCHES Wellington 2 Udy Street P O Box 38-696 Petone Phone (04) 568-4384 Fax (04) 568-4381 Nelson Rogers Street P O Box 5030 Phone (03) 548-1351 Fax (03) 548-0105 Email:
[email protected] Christchurch 108 Carlyle Street Sydenham P O Box 7028 Phone (03) 366-0952 Fax (03) 366-3544 Email:
[email protected]
Ashburton 120 Moore Street P O Box 407 Phone (03) 308-9778 Fax (03) 308-3875 Timaru Cnr Frazer & Stuart Sts P O Box 918 Phone (03) 684-7494 Fax (03) 684-8476 Dunedin 2A Orari Street P O Box 626 Phone (03) 455-3966 Fax (03) 455-3966 Invercargill 137 Clyde Street P O Box 118 Phone (03) 218-4682 Fax (03) 218-4187
www.cookes.co.nz 99
WIRE ROPE HANDBOOK
PDF E HB-04-01-03 6.5.3.2.1 3.6 & 3.6.1.8.1 8.2.1.3.4.1 & 4.1.8.1 1
C:\ Handbook 04-Berechnung 01-01-03T01.doc 2003-09-15
Handbook Steel Wire Ropes Type of Ropes, Rope Construction, Classification Characteristics of Wire Ropes Terms – Symbols - Abbreviation EN 12385-2
Values (3.9) Nominal = 0
Measured = m
Aggregate = e
Reduced = red
Calculated = c
Nominal Rope Length = L
Measured Rope Length = Lm
2 3 4 5
Minimum = min Maximum = max Elements Wire-∅ ∅ = δ (3.1) Outer-Wire-∅ ∅ = δa Stand-∅ ∅ = dS Rope-∅ ∅=d Core-∅ ∅ = dC Triangular Oval Trapezoidal Z-shaped H-shaped Built-up Centre Symbols (4.3.1) round flat Wire Shape no P V Q T Z H B Strand Shape no P V Q
6 7
Rope Shape no P Flat Rope: P (3.6.1.10) Single stitched = PS
8
Core
Symbol
(4.3.3)
10 11
C C
(3.2.3)
(3.2.4)
Rectangular = R Double stitched = PD Clamped = PN
Fibre Core FC
Steel Core WC
(3.3.2)
(3.3.3)
(3.3.1)
9
(3.2.5)
Natural Synthetic S Strand N NFC
S SFC
WSC
Solid Covered Polymer with Fibre
Covered extruded
Independent
parallel
IWRC
PWRC
SPC SPC
Filled
Polymer Covered
(3.3.4)
Steel Core
Braided = BR
EF EFIWRC
EP EPIWRC
CLM CLMWR
(3.6.1.4)
12 13
With compacted strands IWRC(K) PWRC(K) Cushioned Core (3.6.3.4) Polyamid = PA Polypropylen = PP Fibre Material: Natural Fibre = N Synthetic = S
14 15 16 17
Rope Lay
18 19 20
Lay Angle: Rope = β Strand = α Lay Length: Rope = H (3.7.11) Preformed Rope: No Symbol (3.11.3)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Strand (3.8.1) Rope (3.8.2)
Type of Lay (4.4.7) Ordinary Lay (3.8.3) Right Lay Left Lay
sZ
Lang Lay (3.8.4) Right Lay Left Lay
zS
zZ
sS
Alternate Lay (3.8.5) Right Lay Left Lay
AZ
AS
Wire Clearance = qW (qδ δ) Strand = h (3.7.10) Not Preformed: NON-PRE
Strand Clearance = qS (3.7.14) Rope Grade RR (3.10.11) Wire Tensile Strength Grade: R (3.1.10) Wire Tensile Strength: Rm (3.1.11) Finish of Coating: (3.1.12) Bright = U Zinc = B Zinc: A Alloy Strand/Wire Layers closed opposite = J Rotation Resistant: STR-RR Low Rotation: STR-LR Compacted: K (3.2.15) Spin Resistant: STR-SR Inserts = I (3.5) Natural Fibre = IN Synthetic Fibre = IS Profile = IC Solid Polymers = IC Covering = E Covered with Fibres = EN Coverer with solid Polymer (extruded) = EM (3.6.3.1) Solid Polymer covered Rope (3.6.3.1) Cushioned Rope (3.6.3.5) Cushioned Core Rope (3.6.3.4) Filled = L (3.6.3) Solid Polymer filled Rope = LM (3.6.3.2) Solid Polymer covered & filled = ELM (3.6.3.3) Ropes Covered & Filled with Solid Polymer (3.6.3.3) Solid Polymer filled Rope (3.6.3.2) Type of Strand Single Lay = no Symbol (3.2.6) Closing Parallel Lay = P (3.2.7) Seale = S (3.2.8) Warrington = W (3.2.9) Filler = F (3.2.10) Combined Parallel Lay: Seale-Warrington = SW (3.2.1.1.) Multiple Operation Lay Cross Lay = M, Compound Lay = N (3.2.1.3) Multi Layer Rope, Spiral Strand Rope: Contra Lay = J Multi-Layer Stranded Rope = STR-ML Rope Construction Connecting Symbols (4.4.3) Behind Number of Strands (x) Parallel (-) Crossing (/) Same Layer (+) Contra Lay (:) Behind Strand Construction (-) in front of Core (-IWRC) Covered Rope-∅ ∅ /Rope-∅ ∅ (4.2.2.) Spiral Rope =SPI (3.6.2) Spiral Strand Rope =SPI-STD (3.6.2.2.) Half-Locked Coil Rope=SPI-HLC (3.6.2.3) Flat Rope = P (3.6.1.10) Full-Locked Coil Rope=SPI-FLC (3.6.2.4) Cable-Laid Rope=CL (3.6.1.7) Braided Rope= BR (3.6.1.8) Rope = R Stranded Rope = STR (3.6.1) Single Layer Stranded Rope: STR-SL (3.6.1.2)
41 42
Lay Direction (3.8) Right Lay Left Lay z s S Z
Polymer = P
Multi Layer Stranded Rope STR-ML
Rotation Resistant Rope=STR-RR (3.6.1.3)
Conductors = DC (4.3.4) Electromechanical Rope = EM or Elec-R Parallel-Closed Rope (3.6.1.4) Ropes with Compacted Strands (3.6.1.5) Compacted (swaged) Rope (3.6.1.6)
Handbook/04-Berechnung/01/01-03T01.doc/Date: 14.08.2003/ Page 2 of 4 (3.12)
Rope-Class & Rope-Construction Rope Class (3.12.1) Rope Construction (3.12.2) Half-Locked Coil Rope (3.6.2.3) For Guide Ropes = HLGR For Track Ropes for Aerial Rope Ways = HLAR Full-Locked Coil Rope (3.6.2.4) For Mine Hoist Ropes = FLHR For Track Ropes = FLAR For Bridge Ropes = FLBR
(3.12)
Lubricants & Preservation Agents (3.4) Lubricants & Preservation Agents (3.4) Lubricant (3.4.1) Impregnating Agent (3.4.2) Preservation Agent (3.4.3)
(3.7.)
Dimensions Dimension of Round Wire = δ (3.71) Dimension of outer round Wire = δ (3.72) Dimension of Round Strand = dS (3.7.4) Dimension of Round Ropes = d (3.7.6)
Dimension of Shaped Wire Z = h & w (3.73) Dimension of Shaped Strand = w & s (3.7.5) Dimension of Flat Rope P w & s (3.7.7) Dimension of Covered Round Rope d (e.g. 16/13) (3.7.8) Dimension of covered Flat Rope w & s (3.7.9) (3.11) (3.11.1) (3.112)
Rope Characteristics Torque Turn Fully Preformed Rope
(3.1)
Wires Outer Wires (3.1.1) Inner Wires (3.1.2) Layer of Wires (3.1.7) Stitching Wire or Strand (3.1.8) Wire Tensile Strength Grade = R (3.1.11) Finish & Quality of Coating (3.1.12)
Filler Wires (3.1.3)
Centre Wires (3.1.4) Core Wires (3.1.5) Load Bearing Wires (3.1.6)
Serving Wire or Strand (3.1.9) Wire Tensile Strength =Rm Mass of Coating (3.1.13) 3.2
Strand Types Strand (3.2.1) Round Strand (3.2..2) Flat ribbon Strand = P (3.2.5) Single Lay Strand = E (3.2.6) Parallel Lay Strand (3.2.7) Combined Parallel Lay (3.2.11) Multiple Operation Lay (3.2.12)
Triangular Strand = V (3.2.3)
Oval Strand = Q (3.2.4)
Seale = S (3.2.8)
Warrington = W (3.2.9) Warrington-Seale = WS Compound Lay = N
Cross-Lay = M (3.2.13)
(3.2.14
Compacted Strand = K (3.2.15) 3.3 3.3.1
Core Types Core = C (3.3.1) Fibre Core = FC = (3.3.2) Steel Core = WC (3.3.3)
Natural Fibre Core = NFC
Synthetic Fibre Core = SFC
Strand Core = WSC Parallel Laid = PWRC
Independent Wire Rope Core =IWRC
Solid Polymer Core = SPC (3.3.4)
2
Handbook/04-Berechnung/01/01-03T01.doc/Date: 14.08.2003/ Page 3 of 4 3.4
Lubricants and Preservation Agents Rope Lubricants (3.4.1)
Impregnating Agent (3.4.2)
Preservation Agent(3.4.3)
Synthetic Fibre = IS
Profile- Solid Polymer = IC
3.5
Insert = I Natural Fibre= IN
3.6
Rope Types Stranded Ropes = STR (3.6.1)
Single-Layer Stranded Rope = STR-SL (3,6,1,1) Multi-Layer Stranded Rope = STRML Rotation Resistant Stranded Rope Spin Resistant = STR-RR (3.6.1.3) Rotation Resistant Low Rotation
Parallel-Closed Stranded Rope (3.6.1.4) (see Steel Core 3.3.3)
Compacted Rope Compacted Strand Stranded Rope (3.6.1.5) Cable Laid Rope = CL (3.6.1.7) Braided Rope = BR (3.6.18) Electro-mechanical Rope = EM
Compacted (swaged) Stranded Rope (3.6.1.6)
(3.6.1.9)
Flat Rope = FLAT (3.6.1.10) Spiral Ropes (3.6.2)
Ropes with Coverings and/or Filling (3.6.3)
Single Stitched = PS Rivetted = PN Spiral Rope = SPI (3.6.2.1)
Double Stitched = PD
Spiral Strand Rope = SPI-STD (3.6.2.) Half-Locked Coil Rope = Full Locked Coil Rope SPI-HLC (3.6.2.3) = SPI-FCL (3.6.2.4) Solid Polymer Covered Rope = EM Solid Polymer Filled (3.6.3.1) Rope = LM (3.6.3.2) Solid Polymer Covered and Filled Rope = ELM (3.6.3.3)
Cushioned Core Rope = (3.6.3.4) Cushioned Rope (3.6.3.5)
3
Handbook/04-Berechnung/01/01-03T01.doc/Date: 14.08.2003/ Page 4 of 4
Factors, Areas, Masses and Breaking Forces Fillfactor = f
f =
Nominal Metallic Cross-Sectional area Factor = C
Nominal Metallic Cross-Sectional area = A
π
4 n
∑δ 4
Measured Metallic Cross-Sectional area = Ac Am =
π
4
2
n
∑ δ m2
πf ⋅ k
4 d 2 ⋅ Rr ⋅ K Fmin = 1000
Rope Grade Rr Calculated Minimum Breaking Force = Fc.min Measured Breaking Force = Fm Minimum Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.min Fe.min =
(3.10.5)
1
2
K=
(3.10.3) (3.10.4)
1
M=W⋅d
Measured Rope Length Mass = Mm Breaking Force Factor = K
Calculated Minimum Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.c.min Reduced Minimum Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.red.min Measured Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.m Measured Reduced Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.red.m Calculated Measured Breaking Force = Fmc Calculated Measured Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.m.c Measured Total Spinning Loss Measured Partial Spinning Loss Spinning Loss Factor = k Measured Total Spinning Loss Factor = km Measured Partial Spinning Loss Factor = kp.m Outer Wire Factor = a Outer Wire Diameter = δa
(3.10.2)
2
Ac =
Minimum Breaking Force = Fmin
π
A=C⋅d
Calculated Metallic Cross-Sectional area = Ac
Rope Length Mass Factor = W Nominal Rope Length Mass = M
A Au
f ⋅
C=
(3.10) (3.10.1)
d 2 ⋅ C ⋅ Rr 1000
(3.10.6) (3.10.7) (3.10.8) (3.10.9)
(3.10.10)
(3.10.11) (3.10.12) (3.10.13) (3.10.14)
(3.10.15) (3.10.16) (3.10.17) (3.10.18) (3.10.19) (3.10.20) (3.10.21) (3.10.22) (3.10.23) (3.10.24) (3.10.25) δa = a ⋅ d
4
