hazard

HAZARD & RISK

How would you define the terms hazard and risk? A hazard is a source of danger which can be defined as “a condition or situation that exists in the work environment environment that could result in physical harm, injury and/ or damage”. relates es to exposure to the danger and is Risk relat defined as “the probability of any injury or loss occurr occurring ing from the hazard” hazard”..

TYPES OF HAZARDS

Can you give me some examples of a visible hazard? Untidy Working area Missing machine guards Broken or damaged ladders Slippery surface.

Can you give me some examples of a hidden hazard? Toxic/asphyxiating gases Vapors inside a confined space Emission from a radioactive source

Can you give some examples of a developing hazard?” Building and structural damage due to vibration or moisture Corrosion and weathering of metal components Exposure to constant noise which is above the recommended levels Abnormal wear and tear on critical parts of machinery, plant and equipment Deterioration from ultra-violet radiation or chemical reaction

Hazard Awareness  –  Spot the Hazards

Working at Heights

Hazard Awareness  –  Spot the Hazards 1.

Operatives not wearing safety helmets

2.

No edge protection to roof nothing to stop materials falling off 

3.

Roof ladder not long enough

4.

Access ladder tied to gutter

5.

Ladder leaning on gutter

6.

Access ladder too short

7.

Manual handling

8.

Unprotected skylight

9.

Operative kneeling on fragile roof materials

10.

Operative not wearing sensible clothing

11.

Loose tools in bag liable to fall out onto persons below

12.

Carrying tools up ladder. Only one hand available to steady operative on the ladder

Working at Heights

Hazard Awareness  –  Spot the Hazards

Ground Excavations

Hazard Awareness  –  Spot the Hazards 1.

No ladder or safe access

2.

Operatives not wearing safety helmets

3.

Timbering inadequate to safety support the sides of the excavation

4.

Cable crossing excavation both unprotected and unsupported

5.

Edges of excavation unsafe and breaking away

6.

Some wedges used to tighten up timbering missing

7.

No securing pins in screw jack 

8.

Operatives not wearing correct safety footwear

9.

Operative climbing on screw jack 

10.

Board incorrectly toed in

11.

Spoil heap in dangerous position

12.

Soil slipping between trench supports

13.

Unwedged strut across excavation

Ground Excavations

Hazard Awareness  –  Spot the Hazards

Lifting Operations

Hazard Awareness  –  Spot the Hazards 1.

No safety clip on crane hook 

2.

Shackle between crane hook and sling ring

3.

Knot in right-hand sling

4.

Angle between legs of sling too wide

5.

Insecure slinging method, chain too near end of load. Is load secure?

6.

Spare sling legs not hooked back 

7.

Load off level

8.

What is SWL of sling?

9.

Signaller not wearing safety helmet

10.

Correct hand signals not being used

11.

Adjacent excavation not guarded

12.

Outrigger of crane too near to edge of trench on unstable ground

13.

Tag rope not being used

14.

Driver cannot see signaler

15.

Nails in timber sticking up

16.

Spoil heap causing possible trip hazard

Lifting Operations

CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS

Does anyone know the 6 general categories of hazards? Physical (noise, vibration, temperature) Chemical /Substances (exposure to cyanide, acids, caustic soda, lead) Ergonomic ( work area layout, equipment design, instrument layout) Radiation (ultraviolet exposure from the sun or welding, infrared from drying or heating processes) Biological (viruses, bacteria, parasites) Psychological (work load, shift arrangement, workplace violence)

ASSESSING THE RISK

“Does anyone remember the definition of risk?” RISK relates to exposure to a danger and is defined as “the probability of any injury or loss occurring from the hazard”

What would be an example in each category? Some Consequences of high risk examples would be: Loss of life Permanent disability Loss of body part Extensive loss of structure, equipment or material

“What would be an example in each category?” cont.. Some Consequences of medium risk examples would be: Serious injury or illness that results in a temporary disability Property damage that is disruptive but less severe than a high risk hazard

“What would be an example in each category?” cont.. Some Consequences of Low risk examples would be: Minor, on-disabling injury or illness Non-disruptive property damage

DEALING WITH HAZARDS

Can anyone suggest what these are? Elimination Replacement Isolation Control (work permits ) Personal Protective Equipment Disciplines (Procedures, work instruction )

How can we, as individuals, help to eliminate hazards and protect ourselves and others? Clean up after the job Store and stack items correctly Post hazard warning signs

Barricade the work area if a short term hazard exists e.g welding /excavation Operate equipment correctly

Follow the specified safe work procedures Not walk away from a hazard – fix or report it

SUMMARY During the talk we have discussed how to: Identify different types of hazards Categorize hazards Assess the risk associated with hazards Eliminate hazard

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Divide the task into sequences of basic steps. Hazard Identification – Identify all potential hazards in each basic step .

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Estimate the consequence or severity of the event Consequences Categories

5

Major

Causing death to one or more people. Loss or damage is such that it could cause serious business disruption (e.g. major fire, explosion or structural damage). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value

4

Sever

Causing permanent disability. (e.g. loss of limb, sight or hearing). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value.

3

Significant

Causing temporary disability. (e.g. fractures). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value.

2

Minor

Causing significant injuries. (e.g. sprain, bruises, and lacerations). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. damage to fixtures and fittings.

Slight

Causing minor injuries. (e.g. cuts, scratches). No lost time likely other than for first aid treatment. Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. superficial damage to interior decorations.

1

Determine the Likelihood or probability of event occurring Likelihood Categories

5

4

3

2

1

Certain

Absence of any management controls. If conditions remains unchanged there is almost 100% certainty that an accident will happen. (e.g. broken rung on a ladder, live exposed electrical conductor, and untrained personnel).

Probable

Serious failures in management controls. The effect of human behavior or other factors could cause an accident but is unlikely without this additional factor (e.g. ladder not secured properly, oil spilled on floor, poor trained personnel).

Possible

Insufficient or substandard controls in place. Loss is unlikely during normal op eration, however it may occur in emergencies or non routine conditions (e.g. keys left in forklift trucks; obstructed gangways; refresher training required).

likely

The situation is generally well managed, however occasional l apses could occur. This also applies to situations where people are required to behave safely in order to protect themselves but are well trained.

Improbable

Loss, accident or illness could only occur under exceptional conditions. The situation is well managed and all reasonable precautions have been taken. Ideally, this should be the normal state of the workplace.

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Evaluate the Risk- Likelihood X Severity Certain

5

10

15

20

25

Probable

4

8

12

16

20

Possible

3

6

9

12

15

Improbable

2

4

6

8

10

Negligible

1

2

3

4

5

LIKELIHOOD

SEVERITY

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    e     r     e     v     e      S

    r     o      j     a      M

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Risk Management – by setting control measures. Re evaluate the risk after control measures.

ANY QUESTIONS THANKS