Hap49 Manual

 

H OURL Y ANALYSI S PRO P ROGR GR AM QUI C K R E F E R E N C E G UI UI D E  

COPYRIGHT  1998-2014 CARRIER CORPORATION

 

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HAP Quick Reference Guide

Software Systems Network  Carrier Corporation

th

8 Edition……..(HAP v4.9)……..10/2014

Copyright  1998-2014 Carrier Corporation

 

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Preface ABOUT THIS REFERENCE GUIDE Quick Ref Referen erence ce Gui Guide de   provides The   HAP Quick provides ins instru tructi ctiona onall inform informati ation on for users users of Ca Carrie rrier’s r’s Hourly Hourly Analysis Program Analysis Program (HAP). (HAP). It describes describes how to use key features features of the user interface, interface, and how to use the  program to design HVAC systems and estimate annual energy costs. This  Guide  also contains program tutorials, example example problems and discussions discussions of common applications. applications. The  Guide  serves as a supplement to the program's help system which provides additional information including descriptions of all input items, program reports and program calculation procedures.

ABOUT HAP Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) is a computer tool which assists engineers in designing HVAC systems syst ems for commer commercial cial building buildings. s. HAP is two tools tools in one. First it is a tool for estimating estimating lo loads ads and designin desi gning g systems systems.. Second, Second, it is a tool for simulating simulating building energy energy use and calculating calculating energy energy costs. costs. In this capacity it is useful for LEED®, schematic design and detailed design energy cost evaluations. HAP uses the ASHRAE transfer function method for load calculations and detailed 8,760 hour-by-hour  simulation techniques for the energy analysis. This progra This program m is relea released sed as two separat separate, e, but simila similarr pro produc ducts. ts. The “HAP System System Design Design Load”  program provides system design and load estimating features. The full “HAP” program provides the sameeprograms. sam system desig design n capabiliti capabilities es plus energy energy analysis analysis features. features. This  Quick Reference Guide  deals with  both

WHAT THIS REFERENCE GUIDE CONTAINS The  HAP Quick Reference Guide  is divided into six chapters and four appendices: 

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  Chapter Chapter 1  (Getting Started) discusses basic program concepts - how to use HAP to design systems and run energy energy analyses analyses,, how to ope operat ratee the progra program, m, how to work work with with projec projects ts and and perform perform common tasks.   Chapter Chapter 2   (HAP Tutori Tutorials als)) provi provides des ste step-b p-byy-ste step p instru instructi ctions ons for using using the progra program m to desig design n systems and run energy analyses. These tutorials are designed for readers who are already familiar  with HAP terminology and concepts.

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  Chap Chapter terss 3 & 4   (Example Problems) contain two simple example problems illustrating how the

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software is used to design an HVAC system and how it is used to run an energy analysis.   Chapters Chapters 5 & 6  (“Applications”) provide a series of short discussions on how to use HAP to design common types of HVAC systems and how to run energy analyses for common equipment types.

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  Append Appendix ix A   (“Perfor (“Performi ming ng Co Comm mmon on Tas Tasks ks with with HAP”) HAP”) con contai tains ns stepstep-byby-ste step p proced procedure uress for   performing common tasks in HAP such as entering data, editing data and generating reports.   Appendix Appendix B   (“Performin (“Performing g Common Common Project Project Mana Managem gement ent Tasks”) Tasks”) provi provides des short descriptio descriptions ns of   procedures used to work with project data.   Appendix C  (“Index”) contains an index for this manual.

All information in this  Guide  is also availabl availablee in the HAP on-line on-line help system. system. The on-line on-line help system also includes extensive information about program inputs, reports and calculation procedures.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Getting Started

1.1 Welcom Welcomee to the Hourly Analysis Program ............ .......................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ..........................1-1 .............1-1 1.2 Using HAP to Design Design Systems Systems and Plants............................. Plants........................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................1-2 ..........1-2 1.3 Using HAP to Estim Estimate ate Energy Energy Use and Cost .............. ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ...................1-3 ......1-3 1.4 Working with the HAP Main Program Window........................... Window......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ .................1-7 ...1-7 1.5 Working with HAP Input Forms.............. Forms............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .........................1-10 ...........1-10 1.6 Perform Performing ing Comm Common on Tasks with HAP ........................... ......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ...............1-12 ..1-12 1.7 Working with Projects.................... Projects................................. ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ....................1-12 .......1-12 1.8 Using the Help Resources Resources in HAP........................... HAP......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ......................1-14 .........1-14

Chapter 2

HAP Tutorials

2.1 HAP Syst System em Design Design Tutorial Tutorial ............. ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ..................2-1 ....2-1 2.2 HAP Energy Analysi Analysiss Tutoria Tutoriall - Preliminary Preliminary Design Design .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................2-3 ..........2-3 2.3 HAP Energy Analys Analysis is Tutoria Tutoriall - Detailed Detailed Design Design ............. .......................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ...............2-4 .2-4

Chapter 3

System Design Example Problem

3.1 Overv Overview iew for the Exam Example ple Problem ............. .......................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ......................3-1 ........3-1 3.2 Defin Defining ing the Problem. Problem............... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ...............3-1 ..3-1 3.3 Gathe Gathering ring Data...... Data.................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ....................3-2 .......3-2 3.4 Enterin Entering g Data............. Data........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ................3-6 ..3-6 3.5 Generating System Design Reports ......................................................................................................................3-8 3.6 Selec Selecting ting Equipm Equipment.................. ent................................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ...........................3-8 .............3-8

Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

4.1 Overv Overview iew for the Exam Example ple Problem ............. .......................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ......................4-1 ........4-1 4.2 Defin Defining ing the Problem. Problem............... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ...............4-1 ..4-1 4.3 Gathe Gathering ring Data...... Data.................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ....................4-2 .......4-2 4.4 Enterin Entering g Data............. Data........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ................4-4 ..4-4 4.5 Genera Generating ting Simu Simulation lation Reports.................. Reports................................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................4-8 ...........4-8

Chapter 5

Design Applications

5.1 Applic Application ation Inform Information ation Overv Overview................. iew............................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ....................5-1 ......5-1 5.2 Applic Applications ations Involving Involving Single-Zon Single-Zonee HVAC Units ............................ ......................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ..........................5-1 .............5-1 5.3 Applications Involving Terminal Units ................................................................................................................5-2 5.4 Applications Involving Multiple-Zone HVAC Systems .......... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... .............5-3 ..5-3 5.5 Applications Involving Cooling and Heating Plants.............................................................................................5-4 5.6 Trouble Troubleshooti shooting ng Strateg Strategies ies ............. ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ......................5-6 .........5-6

Chapter 6

Energy Analysis Applications

6.1 Applic Application ation Inform Information ation Overv Overview................. iew............................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ....................6-1 ......6-1 6.2 Energ Energy y Analysis Analysis Strateg Strategies ies ........................... ........................................ ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ......................6-1 ........6-1 6.3 Trouble Troubleshooti shooting ng Strateg Strategies ies ............. ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ......................6-3 .........6-3 6.4 Simu Simulating lating Packaged Packaged Rooftop Rooftop Units............................. Units.......................................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ....................6-5 ......6-5 6.5 Simu Simulating lating Vertical Vertical Packa Packaged ged Units .......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ......................6-5 ........6-5 6.6 Simu Simulating lating Split DX Air Handling Handling Units.................... Units................................. ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ......................6-6 ........6-6 6.7 Simu Simulating lating Chilled Chilled Water Air Handling Handling Units.............. Units............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ...................6-6 ......6-6 6.8 Simu Simulating lating Packaged or Split DX Fan Coil Units....... Units.................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ......................6-7 ........6-7 6.9 Simu Simulating lating Hydronic Hydronic Fan Coil Units .............. ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ....................6-8 ......6-8

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HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Table of Contents

Chapter 6

(continued)

6.10 Simulating Induction Beam and Chilled Beam Systems.....................................................................................6-9 6.11 Simulating Simulating Water Source Heat Pump Syst Systems ems ........................... ......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ...............6-10 .6-10 6.12 Simulating Ground Water and Ground Source Heat Pump Systems ................................................................6-10 6.13 Simulating Simulating Chilled Chilled Water Plants... Plants................. ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ....................6-11 ......6-11 6.14 Simulating Simulating Hot Water and Steam Plants......... Plants....................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ...............6-11 ..6-11 6.15 Simulating Heat Recovery Plants .....................................................................................................................6-12 6.16 Modeling Modeling Utility Rate Struct Structures.................... ures.................................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ................6-13 ..6-13

Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

A.1 Basic Procedures Procedures for Common Common Tasks..................................... Tasks................................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ .....................A-1 .......A-1 A.2 Creating Creating a New Item ............. .......................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... .................A-2 ...A-2 A.3 Editing an Exist Existing ing Item ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... .......................A-3 ..........A-3 A.4 Using the On-L On-Line ine Calcu Calculator lator to Enter Data..................... Data.................................. ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................A-4 ..............A-4 A.5 Duplicating Duplicating an Existing Existing Item ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .................A-5 ...A-5 A.6 Duplicating Duplicating a Building Building (with Spaces and HVAC Equipment) Equipment) ............ .......................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .......................A-6 .........A-6 A.7 Copying Copying Items......... Items...................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ .................A-6 ...A-6 A.8 Replacing Replacing Space Data ........................... ........................................ ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ............... A-6 A.9 Rotating Rotating Space Spacess ............. .......................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................A-7 ..........A-7 A.10 Performing Performing LEED (90.1 PRM) Rotatio Rotations................ ns............................. ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ .....................A-8 .......A-8 A.11 Deleting Deleting Items....... Items.................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ .................A-8 ...A-8 A.12 Generating Generating Input Data Reports ............. ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ..........................A-9 ............A-9 A.13 Generating Generating Syst System em Design Design Reports.............. Reports............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ...................A-9 .....A-9 A.14 Generating Generating Plant Desig Design n Reports........................ Reports...................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................A-10 ..........A-10 A.15 Generating System Simulation Reports ..........................................................................................................A-11 A.16 Generating Generating Plant Simu Simulation lation Reports.................... Reports.................................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... .....................A-11 ........A-11 A.17 Generating Generating Buildin Building g Simulation Simulation Reports................................... Reports................................................. ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ............... A-12 A.18 Using the Report Viewer Viewer ............. ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ...................A-12 ......A-12 A.19 Changing Changing the List View Forma Formatt ............ .......................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................A-14 ..........A-14 A.20 Setting Setting User Prefere Preferences................ nces.............................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ .................A-15 ...A-15

Appendix B

Performing Common Project Management Tasks

B.1 Creati Creating ng a New Project Project............. ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ..........................B-1 ............B-1 B.2 Openi Opening ng an Exist Existing ing Project .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ................... ..... B-1 B.3 Savin Saving g a Project ............. .......................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................B-1 ..........B-1 B.4 Savin Saving g a Project as a New Project .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ........................... .......................B-2 ..........B-2 B.5 Deleti Deleting ng a Project ............................ .......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ................... ..... B-2 B.6 Editin Editing g Project Properties Properties ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ..................... ........B-2 B-2 B.7 Arch Archiving iving a Project ............ .......................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ................... ..... B-3 B.8 Retrie Retrieving ving a Project ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ................. ... B-3 B.9 Conv Converting erting Data From Previou Previouss Versions...... Versions.................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ................... ..... B-4 B.10 Publishing Publishing Equipment Equipment Sizing Sizing Requiremen Requirements ts for Use in ECAT..................................... ECAT.................................................. ........................... .......................B-6 .........B-6 B.11 E-Mailing E-Mailing Project Data to Your Carrier Sales Engineer Engineer ............ .......................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ................ .. B-8 B.12 Exporting Results to Engineering Economic Analysis......................................................................................B-9 B.13 Importing Importing Data From Anoth Another er Project .............. ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................B-9 ..............B-9 B.14 Importing Importing Data From CAD and BIM Softw Software............ are.......................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ............... B-12

Appendix C

HAP Quick Reference Guide

Index

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Chapter 1

Getting Started

This chapter explains what Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program does, how to use the software to design  HVAC systems and estimate annual energy costs, and how to operate the software. We encourage you to read this chapter before using HAP.

1.1 WELCOME TO THE HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM Welcome to HAP.   Welcome Welcome to Carrier’s Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Analysis Prog Program ram (HAP). (HAP). HAP is a compute computerr tool which assists engineers in designing HVAC systems systems for commercial buildi buildings. ngs. HAP is two tools in one. First it is a tool for estimating loa loads ds and designing systems. systems. Second, it is a tool for simulating energy u use se and calculatin calculating g energy costs. In this capacity capacity it is useful for LEED®, LEED®, schematic schematic desig design n and detailed detailed design desi gn energy cost evaluations evaluations.. HAP uses the ASHRAEASHRAE-endo endorsed rsed transfer transfer function function method method for load calculations and detailed 8,760 hour-by-hour energy simulation techniques for the energy analysis.

Thiss progra Thi proprovides gram m is relea rel sed asdesign two similar simi , but separat separatee features. pro produc ducts. ts.The The Syst em Design Desi gn Load”  program theeased system andlar, load estimating full“HAP “HAP”System program provides the samee system desig sam design n capabiliti capabilities es plus energy energy analysis analysis features. features. This  Quick Reference Guide  deals with  both programs. HAP System System Design Design Feature Features. s.   HAP estim estimate atess desig design n cooli cooling ng and heatin heating g loads loads for comme commerci rcial al  buildings in order to determine required sizes for HVAC system components. components. Ultimately, the program  provides information needed for selecting and specifying equipment. Specifically, the program performs the following tasks:     

         

Calculates design design cooling and heating heating loads for spaces, spaces, zones, and ccoils oils in the HVAC system. system. Determines required airflow rates for spaces, spaces, zones zones and the system. system. Sizes cooling and heating coils. Sizes air circulation fans. Sizes chillers and boilers.

HAP Energy Analysis Features.   HAP estimates estimates annual annual energy energy use and energy energy costs for HVAC and

non-HVAC energy consuming systems in a building by simulating building operation for each of the 8,760 hours in a year. Results of the energy analysis analysis are used to compare the energy use and energy energy costs of alternate alternate HVAC system designs designs so the best design design can be chosen. chosen. Specifica Specifically, lly, HAP perform performss the following tasks during an energy analysis:    

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Simulates hour-by-hour hour-by-hour operation operation of all heating and air air conditioning systems systems in the building. Simulates hour-by-hour hour-by-hour operation of all plant plant equipm equipment ent in the building. building. Simulates hour-by-hour hour-by-hour operation operation of non-HVAC systems systems including lighting and appliances. appliances. Uses results of the hour-by-h hour-by-hour our simulations simulations to calculate calculate total annual energy energy use and energy energy costs. Costs Cos ts are calcu calculat lated ed usi using ng act actual ual utilit utility y rate rate fea featur tures es suc such h as steppe stepped, d, timetime-ofof-day day and demand demand charges, if specified.   Generates tabular tabular and graphical graphical reports of hourly, hourly, daily, monthly monthly and annual annual data.

If you you have have ques questi tion onss ab abou outt   th thee prog progra ram m: In th thee Un Unit ited ed Stat States es or Ca Cana nada da,, pl plea ease se e-m e-mail ail [email protected] [email protected] or  or call 1-800-253-1794. In other countries, please contact your local Carrier sales office or local Carrier distributor.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 1

Getting Started

1.2 USING HAP TO DESIGN SYSTEMS AND PLANTS This sectio This section n bri briefl efly y descri describes bes,, in con conce ceptu ptual al terms terms,, how to use HAP HAP to des design ign syste systems ms and plants plants.. Application of these concepts will be demonstrated both in the HAP tutorial in Chapter 2 and in the example problem problem in Chapter 3. All design work requires the same ge general neral five step procedure: Problem..   First define 1.   Define the Problem define the scope and objective objectivess of the design design analysis. analysis. For example, example, what type of building building is involved? involved? What typ typee of systems systems and equipme equipment nt are required? required? What special special requirements will influence system features? Gather Data.   Before 2.   Gather Before design design calculati calculations ons can be performe performed, d, information information about the building, building, its environm envi ronment ent and its HVAC equipmen equipmentt must must be gathered. gathered. This step involves involves extracting extracting data from  building plans, evaluating building usage and studying HVAC system needs. Specific types of  information needed include:  

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  Climate data for the building site.   Construction material material data for walls, walls, roofs, windows, doors, doors, exterior shading devices and floors, and for interior partitions between conditioned and non-conditioned regions.   Buildi Building ng siz sizee and and layout layout data includ including ing wall, wall, roof, roof, window window,, door door and floor areas, areas, expos exposure ure orientations and external shading features.   Internal load characteristics characteristics determined determined by levels and schedules for occupancy, occupancy, lightin lighting g systems, systems, office equipment, appliances and machinery within the building.   Data concerning concerning HVAC equipment, equipment, controls and components components to be used.

Data Into Into HAP. HAP.   Next, use HAP to enter climate, building and HVAC equipment data. 3.   Enter Data data. When

using usi ng HAP , your you r base bas of operat ope ration ion the w, main pro gram ma window win (describ (desc ed in gre aterr det detail ail ct. in Sect Section ionHAP, 1.4). From thee main program prog ramis window, windo firstprogra create newdow projec project t orribed open an greate existing project. proje Then define the following types of data which are needed for system design work: Enter Weathe Weatherr Data. Data.   Weather a.   Enter Weather data defines defines the temperature, temperature, humid humidity ity and solar radiation radiation condit con dition ionss the building building encount encounters ers during during the course course of a year. year. The These se condit condition ionss play play an importan imp ortantt role in influencin influencing g loads and system system operation. operation. To define weather weather data, a city can be chosen chos en from the program' program'ss weather weather data database base,, or weather weather parameters parameters can be directly directly entered. entered. Weather data is entered using the weather input form. Space Data.   A space  b.   Enter Space space is a region region of the buildin building g compri comprised sed of one or more more heat flow eleme ele ments nts and serve served d by one or more more air distri distribut bution ion terminal terminals. s. Usuall Usually y a spa space ce rep repres resent entss a single sing le room. However, However, the definiti definition on of a space is flexible. flexible. For some some applicatio applications, ns, it is more efficient for a space to represent a group of rooms or even an entire building.

To define a space, space, all elements elements which affect heat flow in the spac spacee must be described described.. Elements Elements include walls, windows, doors, roofs, skylights, floors, occupants, lighting, electrical equipment, miscellaneous heat sources, infiltration, and partitions. While defining a space, information about the construction of walls, roofs, windows, doors and external shading devices is needed, as well as information about the hourly schedules for internal heat gains. gains. This constructio construction n and schedule schedule data can be specified specified direc directly tly from the space input form (via links to the construction and schedule forms), or alternately can be defined prior to entering space data. Space information is stored in the project database and is later linked to zones in an air system. c.   Enter Air Air System Data.   An Air System System is the equipment equipment and controls used to provide provide cooling and heating heating to a region region of a building building.. An air system serve servess one or more zones. zones. Zone Zoness are groups of spaces having a single single thermostatic thermostatic control. control. Examples Examples of systems systems include include central station air  handlers, packaged rooftop units, packaged vertical units, split systems, packaged DX fan coils, hy hydro dronic nic fan coils coils and water water source source heat pumps. pumps. In all cases cases,, the air system system also also includ includes es associated ductwork, supply terminals and controls. To define an air system, the components, controls and zones associated with the system must be defined as well as the system sizing sizing criteria. This data is entered on the air system input form. 1-2

HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Getting Started

Chapter 1

Data.   A Plant is the equipment d.   Enter Plant Data. equipment and controls controls used to provide provide cooling cooling or heating heating to coils in one or more air systems systems.. Examples Examples include include chiller, changeove changeover, r, hot water, water, service hot water and steam boiler plants.

This step is optional; optional; it is only required required if you are sizing sizing the plants. To define a plant for design  purposes, the type of plant and the air systems it serves must be defined. This data is entered on the plant input form. Generate Design Reports. Reports.   Once weather, 4.   Use HAP to Generate weather, space, space, air syst system em and plant data has been

entered, HAP can be used to generate system and plant design reports. To generate design reports, go to the main program window and select the desired air systems or   plants. Next choose the “Print/View Design Results” menu bar option, toolbar button, or pop-up menu option. For systems this displays the System Design Reports form form;; for plants this displays the Plant Design Reports Reports form. Select the desired report options options on this form. form. If calculations calculations are neede needed d to supply data for these reports, the program will automatically run the calculations before generating the reports. If all the data needed for the reports already exists, reports are gene generated rated immedia immediately. tely. 5.   Select Equipment.   Finally, use data from the reports you generated to select the appropriate cooling and heatin heating g equipm equipment ent from from produc productt catalo catalogs gs or electr electroni onicc catal catalog og softwa software. re. Sy Syste stem m and plant design reports provide information necessary to select all the components of your HVAC system including air handlers, packaged equipment, supply terminals, duct systems, piping systems and plant equipment. Carrie Car rierr can provi provide de a wide wide va varie riety ty of electr electroni onicc catal catalog og comput computer er progra programs ms to make make selec selectin ting g equipmentt quick and easy. equipmen easy. Please Please contac contactt your local local Carrier sales office or Carrier distribu distributor tor for  details.

1.3 USING HAP TO ESTIMATE ENERGY USE AND COST This section briefly describes, in conceptual terms, how to use HAP to estimate annual energy use and energy ener gy costs for a building. building. HAP is designed designed with feature featuress to help you efficiently efficiently compare compare energy costs of HVAC design alternatives both in the preliminary design phase of a project and in the detailed design  phase of a project: Preliminary ry or Schema Schematic tic Design Design Phase Phase   of a pr 1. In th the   Prelimina proje oject ct a vari variet ety y of HV HVAC AC desi design gnss and and equipment types may may be under consideration. The goal of energy analysis in this phase of a project is to quickly compare the energy cost performance of many design alternatives to identify a small group of desi design gnss with with the the best best pe perfo rform rman ance ce for for furt furthe her, r, more more deta detail iled ed stud study. y. Simp Simpli lifi fica cati tion on and and approximation may be appropriate here both because of limited information about the building and  because speed is important in evaluating the alternatives. The HAP Wizard interface is designed to

help you quickly perform these these types of energy analysis. See 1.3.1 for details. 2. In the the   Detailed Detailed Design Design Phase Phase   of a proj projec ectt one one or a smal smalll set set of HV HVAC AC desi desig gns is unde under  r  consid con sidera eratio tion. n. The goal of energy energy analys analysis is in this this pha phase se of a pro projec jectt is to caref carefull ully y ana analyz lyzee and optimize optim ize the design. design. The goals here may also include include generati generating ng docume documentati ntation on for LEED Energy Energy and Atmosphere Atmosphere Credit Credit 1. Give Given n these goals, more detailed detailed definition definition of the building building and its HVAC equipmen equip mentt is typically typically needed. needed. The HAP detailed detailed design design interface is designed designed to help you perform these types of energy energy analysis. See 1.3.2 for details.

1.3.1 HAP Energy Analysis for Preliminary Design This sub-section describes in conceptual terms how to use HAP to perform an energy analysis in the  preliminary or schematic schematic design phase of a project where simplification and approximation are approp app ropria riate. te. Applic Applicati ation on of these these conce concepts pts will be demons demonstra trated ted in the HAP tutori tutorial al in Chapte Chapterr 2. Analysis work requires a general five step procedure: Problem..   First define 1.   Define the Problem define the scope and objectives objectives of the energy energy analysis. analysis. For example, example,

whatt type of buildi wha building ng is involv involved? ed? What What type type of system systemss and equip equipme ment nt are requ require ired? d? What What alternate designs or energy conservation measures are being compared in the analysis? HAP Quick Reference Guide

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2.   Gather Data.   Before Before energy energy simu simulatio lations ns can be run, general general information information about the building, building, its environment, the types of HVAC and non-HVAC equipment, and its energy prices must be gathered. This step involves extracting data from building plans, evaluating building usage, studying HVAC system needs and acquiring acquiring utility rate schedules. Specific types of information nee needed ded include:    

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Climate data for the building site. General information information about building building size, shape, layout layout and number number of floors. General information information about the type of wall, wall, window and roof envelope construction to be be used. General information about about the space usage usage in the building which which will affect occupant occupant density and lighting and equipment usage levels.   Genera Generall inform informati ation on about about the type type of air-s air-side ide system systems, s, equipm equipment ent and compon component entss to be considered.   General information information about prices prices for electric service service and any any fuel sources sources used in the building.

Data In Into to HAP. HAP.   Next, use HAP to enter 3.   Enter Data enter data for the analysis. analysis. When using HAP, HAP, your base of  operation is the main program window. window. From the main program window, first create a new project or  open an existing project. project. Then use the "Full Wizard Session" Session" feat feature ure to rapidly enter all your data for the analysis.

From the main program window choose the "Full Wizard Session" option on the Wizards menu, or  click the "Full Wizard Wizard Sessio Session" n" button on the toolbar. toolbar. The Full Wizard Session Session window provi provides des access to all of the HAP Wizards:  

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  The  Weather Wizard  - Used to quickly configure weather data for the building site.   The   Building Wizard   - Used to rapidly define the size, shape, layout, envelope and internal loads for the building spaces.   The  Equipment Wizard  - Used to easily create HVAC design alternatives.   The  Utility Rate Wizard  - Used to quickly assemble electric and fuel pricing data.

After entering data on the Wizard input screens, press the Finish button in the lower left of the Full Wizard Wiza rd Session window. window. HAP conv converts erts your Wizard Wizard data into a full set of detailed detailed HAP inputs and displays them in the HAP main window. 4.   Use HAP to Generate Generate Simulation Simulation Reports. Reports.   Once all input data has been entered, HAP HAP can be used to generate reports showing energy cost results. To generate building simulation reports, go to the main program window and select the buildings repres rep resent enting ing your set of HVAC HVAC design design altern alternati ative ves. s. Next Next cho choose ose the “Prin “Print/V t/View iew Simulat Simulation ion Results” Resu lts” option on the Reports Reports Menu. This displays displays the Building Simulat Simulation ion Reports Sele Selection ction window win dow.. Choose Choose the desired desired reports. reports. The Then n pre press ss Preview Preview to displ display ay the reports reports or pre press ss Print to direct directly ly pri print nt the rep report orts. s. HAP HAP will will autom automati atica cally lly run any necessa necessary ry calcu calculat lation ionss first first bef before ore generating the reports. When comparing comparing annual energy cost for a preliminary preliminary design type of analysis, analysis, the Annual Annual Cost Summary Summa ry and Annual Energy & Emission Summary Summary reports are most frequently used. These reports compare energy cost or energy use for the design alternatives side by side on a single page. Simula Sim ulatio tion n report reportss for indiv individu idual al air syste systems ms and plants plants includ included ed in yo your ur analys analysis is can can also also be generated.. Use the same generated same procedure procedure but select select air system or plant plant items inste instead. ad. System System and plant plant simula sim ulatio tion n report reportss provid providee more more det detail ailed ed perfor performa mance nce inform informati ation on for ind indivi ividua duall piece piecess of  equipm equ ipment ent.. These These report reportss are oft often en useful useful for learni learning ng about about equipm equipmen entt perform performanc ancee and for  troubleshooting unexpected results. 5.   Evaluate Results.   Finally, use data from the simulation reports you generated to draw conclusions about the most favorable design alternatives.

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1.3.2 HAP Energy Analysis Analysis for Detailed Detailed Design This sub-section describes in conceptual terms how to use HAP to perform an energy analysis in the detail det ailed ed desig design n phase phase of a projec project. t. Applic Applicati ation on of these these conce concepts pts will be demons demonstra trated ted in the HAP tutorial in Chapter 2 and in the example problem in Chapter 4. Analysis work requires a general general five step  procedure.  Note that certain steps below are identical or similar to those used for system design. If a system design has already been performed for a building, all of the data entered for design can be reused for the energy analysis, and this significantly reduces the effort needed to complete the energy analysis. 1.   Define the Problem Problem..   First define define the scope and objectives objectives of the energy energy analysis. analysis. For example, example, whatt type of buildi wha building ng is involv involved? ed? What What type type of system systemss and equip equipme ment nt are requ require ired? d? What What alternate designs or energy conservation measures are being compared in the analysis? Gatherr Data. Data.   Befo 2.   Gathe Before re ener energy gy si simu mula lati tion onss can can be ru run, n, in info form rmat atio ion n abou aboutt the the bu buil ildi ding ng,, its its environm envi ronment, ent, HVAC and non-HVAC non-HVAC equipmen equipment, t, and its energy prices must be gathered gathered.. This step involves invo lves extracting extracting data from building plans, evaluati evaluating ng building building usage, usage, studying studying HVAC system needs and acquiring utility rate schedules. schedules. Specific types of information needed needed include:  

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  Climate data for the building site.   Construction material material data for walls, walls, roofs, windows, doors, doors, exterior shading devices and floors, and for interior partitions between conditioned and non-conditioned regions.   Buildi Building ng siz sizee and and layout layout data includ including ing wall, wall, roof, roof, window window,, door door and floor areas, areas, expos exposure ure orientations and external shading features.

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Internal load characteristics charac teristics determined determine d by levels occupancy, lightin lighting g systems, systems, office equipment, appliances and machinery withinand theschedules building. for occupancy, Data for HVAC HVAC equipment, equipment, controls and components components to be used. Data for chilled chilled water, hot water and/or steam plants, if applicable. Data for non-HVAC energy-consuming energy-consuming equipment. equipment. Utility rate information information for electric service and any fuel sources sources used in the building.

Data In Into to HAP. HAP.   Next, use HAP to enter 3.   Enter Data enter data for the analysis. analysis. When using HAP, HAP, your base of  operation opera tion is the main program program window (described (described in greater detail detail in Section Section 1.4). From the main main  program window, first create a new project or open an existing project. Then define the following types of data which are needed for energy analysis work:

a.   Enter Enter Weathe Weatherr Data. Data.   Weather Weather data defines defines the temperature, temperature, humid humidity ity and solar radiation radiation condit con dition ionss the building building encount encounters ers during during the course course of a year. year. The These se condit condition ionss play play an importan imp ortantt role in influencing influencing loads loads and system system operation operation throughout throughout the year. year. Both design design and simulatio simu lation n weather data are needed. needed. To define design design weather data, data, a city can be chosen chosen from the program's program's weather weather database, database, or weather weather parameters parameters can be directly entered. entered. Simulat Simulation ion weathe wea therr is selec selected ted by loadin loading g a simula simulatio tion n weathe weatherr file from the lib librar rary y provi provided ded with with the  program or importing data from an external source. This step is also used to define the calendar  for your simulation year. All three types of data are entered using the weather input form.  b.   Enter Space Space Data.   A space space is a region region of the buildin building g compri comprised sed of one or more more heat flow eleme ele ments nts and serve served d by one or more more air distri distribut bution ion terminal terminals. s. Usuall Usually y a spa space ce rep repres resent entss a single sing le room. However, However, the definiti definition on of a space is flexible. flexible. For some some applicatio applications, ns, it is more efficient for a space to represent a group of rooms or even an entire building. To define a space, space, all elements elements which affect heat flow in the spac spacee must be described described.. Elements Elements include walls, windows, doors, roofs, skylights, floors, occupants, lighting, electrical equipment, miscellaneous heat sources, infiltration, and partitions. While defining a space, information about the construction of walls, roofs, windows, doors and external shading devices is needed, as well as information about the hourly schedules for internal heat gains. gains. This constructio construction n and schedule schedule data can be specified specified direc directly tly from the space input form (via links to the construction and schedule forms), or alternately can be defined prior to entering space data. HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Getting Started Space information is stored in the project database and is later linked to zones in an air system. Air System Data.   An Air System c.   Enter Air System is the equipment equipment and controls used to provide provide cooling and heating heating to a region region of a building building.. An air system serve servess one or more zones. zones. Zone Zoness are groups of spaces having a single single thermostatic thermostatic control. control. Examples Examples of systems systems include include central station air  handlers, packaged rooftop units, packaged vertical units, split systems, packaged DX fan coils, hy hydro dronic nic fan coils coils and water water source source heat pumps. pumps. In all cases cases,, the air system system also also includ includes es associ ass ociate ated d ductwo ductwork, rk, suppl supply y termi terminal nalss and controls controls.. In the case of pac packa kage ged d DX, split DX, electric resistance heating and combustion heating equipment, the system also encompasses this DX or heating equipment. For example, when dealing wit with h a gas/electric package packaged d rooftop unit, the "air system" includes the DX cooling equipment and the gas heating equipment.

To define an air system, the components, controls and zones associated with the system must be defined defin ed as well as the system sizing sizing criteria. criteria. For energy analyse analyses, s, perform performance ance informat information ion about abo ut DX coolin cooling g equ equipm ipment ent and electr electric ic and combus combustio tion n heatin heating g equipm equipment ent must must also also be defined. All of this data is entered on the air system input form form.. Plant Data. Data.   A Plant d.   Enter Plant Plant is the equipmen equipmentt and controls controls used to provide cooling cooling via chilled water or heating via hot water or steam to coils in one or more air systems. Examples include chiller, changeover, hot water, service hot water, steam boiler, and remote source cooling and heating plants.

This step is optional; it is only required if chilled water, hot water or steam plants are used in yo your ur buildi building ng.. To define define a plant plant for energy energy analys analysis is purposes purposes,, the type type of plant plant and the air  systems it serves must be defined along with its configuration, controls and distribution system information. This data is entered on the plant plant input form. e.   Enter Utility Utility Rate Data. Data.   Utility rate data defines the pricing rules for electrical energy use and fuel use. An electric electric rate structure structure must must be defined for all energy energy studies. studies. One fuel rate for eac each h non-electric fuel source must also be defined. Electric rate data is entered using the the electric rate form. Fuel rate data is entered entered using the fuel rate form form.. Building Data. Data.   A Building is simply the container for all energy-consuming equipm f.   Enter Building equipment ent included inclu ded in a single energy energy analysis analysis case. One Building Building is created for each design alternativ alternativee  being considered in the study. Building data consists of lists of plants and systems included in the building, utility rates used to determine energy costs and data for non-HVAC energy or fuel use. Data is entered entered using the building form. Generate Simulation Simulation Reports. Reports.   Once all input data has been entered, HAP 4.   Use HAP to Generate HAP can be used to generate simulation reports.

To generate building simulation reports, go to the main program window and select the desired  buildings. If data for a single building is being evaluated, select only one building. If energy use and costs for a number number of alternati alternatives ves is being being compared, compared, select select a group of buildings buildings.. Next choose choose the “Print/View Simulation Results” Results” option on the Reports Menu. This displays the Building Sim Simulation ulation Reports Repo rts Selection Selection window. window. Choose Choose the desired repo reports. rts. Then press Preview Preview to display display the reports or   press Print to directly print the reports. If system, plant or building calculations are needed to supply data data fo forr yo your ur repo report rts, s, HAP HAP will will auto automa mati tica call lly y ru run n th thes esee calc calcul ulat atio ions ns first first.. Othe Otherw rwis ise, e, if no calculations are needed the reports will be generated immediately. Simulatio Simula tion n report reportss for indiv individu idual al air syste systems ms and plants plants includ included ed in yo your ur analys analysis is can can also also be generated gene rated.. Use the same same procedure procedure but select select air system or plant plant items inste instead. ad. System System and plant plant simula sim ulatio tion n report reportss provid providee more more det detail ailed ed perfor performa mance nce inform informati ation on for ind indivi ividua duall piece piecess of  equipment. They are often useful for learning about equip equipment ment performa performance nce and for troubleshooting troubleshooting unexpected results. 5.   Evaluate Results.   Finally, use data from the simulation reports you generated to draw conclusions about the most favorable favorable design alter alternativ native. e. In many cases energy energy use and energy cost data will be used for further study of lifecycle economics.

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1.4 WORKING WITH THE HAP MAIN PROGRAM WINDOW This section discusses discusses HAP’s main program windo window w which appears when you start the program. program. Much of the work you will perform entering data and generating reports is done using features of the main  program window. Key elements and features of the main program window are discussed below. Appendix Appe ndix A explains how to use thes thesee features in greate greaterr detail. The HAP tutorials tutorials in Chapter 2 and the example problems in Chapters 3 and 4 also illustrate how features are used when designing systems and simulating energy use. The HAP main program window consists of six compon components ents used to operate the program. Working from top to bottom in Figure 1.1: Title Bar

Tree View Pane

Menu Bar

List View Pane

Toolbar

Status Bar

Figure 1.1 The HAP Main Program Window 1. The  Title Bar  lists the program program name and the name of the current project. project. If you are running HA HAP P System Design Load or are running the full HAP but in System Design mode, the program name will  be "HAP System Design Load". If you are running the full HAP program with energy analysis features turned on, the program name name will simply be "HAP". At the right-hand end of the title bar are command buttons for minimizing and maximizing the program window and for exiting from the  program.

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2. The  Menu Bar  lies immediate immediately ly below the title bar. The menu bar contains contains six pull-down pull-down menus menus used to perform common common program tasks. To use menu options, first click on the menu na name me to “pulldown” its list of options. options. Then click click on the name of the desired desired opt option. ion. The six pull down down menus are are as follows: 

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  The  Project Menu  provi  provides des options for manipulatin manipulating g project data. This includes includes tasks such as creating, opening, opening, saving, deleting, archiving archiving and retrieving projects. Section 1.7 and Appendix B discuss projects in greater detail. Edit Menu Menu   contai   The   Edit contains ns option optionss used used to wor work k with with indivi individua duall data data items items such such as spa space ces, s, systems syst ems,, walls, roofs, etc… Appe Appendix ndix A provides provides more informatio information n about how options options on the Edit Menu are used to perform specific tasks.

  The   View Menu   offers options used to change the appearance of the main program window. This includes changing the format of data shown in the list view, turning on or off the toolbar  and status bar, and setting user preferences such as units of measure. measure. For HAP users, an option is also provided for switching between full HAP and HAP System Design Load modes of program operation. opera tion. This feature feature is used for projects projects which only require require system system design. design. In these cases, cases, it is sometimes useful to simplify program operation by temporarily turning off the energy analysis features.   The  Reports Menu  provides options for generating reports containing input data, design results and energy simulation simulation results (HAP users only). Appendix A describes how the these se menu options are used in greater detail.   The  Wizards Menu  contains options for running the Weather, Building, Equipment or Utility Rate Rate Wiz Wizard ardss separa separatel tely, y, and for run runnin ning g a "Fu "Full ll Wizard Wizard Sessio Session" n" which which integ integrat rates es all fou four  r  Wizards so you can rapidly generate data for a cost comparison study all at one time. Menu   contai   The   Help Menu contains ns option optionss for tec techni hnical cal ass assist istanc ancee wit with h the progra program. m. This This includ includes es options for displaying the on-line help system and the user's manual, contact information for  Carrier software support, and links to web-based support materials and software training class information. Section 1.8 discusses discusses these help resources resources in more detail.

3. The  Toolbar  lies immediately below the menu bar and contains a series of buttons used to perform common com mon program program tasks. tasks. Each button button contains contains an icon which represents represents the task it performs. performs. These tasks duplicate many of the options found on the pull-down menus.

To determ determine ine the function function of a toolba toolbarr button button,, simply simply place place the mou mouse se cursor cursor over over a button button.. A “tooltip” will appear listing the function of that button. The toolbar buttons buttons shown above appear appear by default default when you first run the program. program. However, However, you can customize the toolbar by removing buttons that are not often used or arranging the buttons in a different differ ent order that is more efficient efficient for you to use. To custom customize ize the toolbar, toolbar, double double click on the toolbar. toolb ar. This will cause cause the “Customi “Customize ze Toolbar” Toolbar” window window to appear. Options Options in this window are are used to add and delete buttons, and to arrange the order of appearance of the buttons. 4. The  Tree View  is the left-hand left-hand panel in the center of the main program program window. window. It contains contains a tree image ima ge of the major categorie categoriess of data used by HAP. The tree view acts as the “control “control panel” whe when n working with program data: 

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  To display display a list of items in one of the categories categories of data, data, click onc oncee on the category category name. name. For  example if you click on the Space category name, a list of spaces you have entered will appear in the list view panel on the right side of the main program program window. window. Once a list of items appears, appears, you can click on items in the list view to perform such tasks as creating new data, editing data and generating reports.   To display display a pop-up menu menu of options for the catego category, ry, right-c right-click lick on the categ category ory nam name. e. The “catego “cat egory ry pop-up menu” menu” will appear. appear. Options Options on this menu will perform tasks tasks on all items in a HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

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given categ given category ory.. For example example,, if yo you u rig rightht-cli click ck on the System System category category nam name, e, the Sy Syste stem m category cate gory pop-up pop-up menu will appear. If you select the Print Inpu Inputt Data option, input data for   all systems in your project will be printed. Because options on the categ category ory pop-up menu operate operate on all items in a category, you should be careful using these options. 

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  To display display a summary summary of project contents contents,, click once once on the Project Project category category name. name. A list of the majorr data categories majo categories (weather, (weather, spaces, spaces, systems systems,, plants) plants) will appe appear. ar. If the “det “details” ails” format format is used for the list view, the quantity of items you have defined for each category will also be shown. show n. For example, example, the summary summary shows the number number of spac spaces es and systems whic which h have been defined.   To display a summary summary of project project library contents, contents, click click once on the Project Project Libraries Libraries categ category ory name. nam e. A list of the library library categories categories (schedules (schedules,, walls, roofs, windo windows, ws, doors, shades) shades) will appear. If the “details” format is used for the list view, the quantity quantity of items you have defined in each category category will be shown. For example, example, the summary summary shows the number number of wall and roof  assemblies you have defined.

5. The  List View  is the right-hand panel in the center of the main program window. It contains a list of  data items items in alphabet alphabetical ical order for one of the categorie categoriess of data in your project. For example, example, when when the space category category is selected, selected, the list view shows a list of spac spaces es you have ente entered. red. The list view acts as the second part of the “control panel” when working with program data. By selecting items items in the list view you can:   

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  Create new items. items. Example: Creating a new schedule.   Edit existing items. Example: Editing a wall assembly assembly you previously defined.   Duplic Duplicate ate an existi existing ng item item.. Examp Example: le: Creatin Creating g a new space space using using default defaultss from from an existi existing ng space.   Duplicate Duplicate a building building with with all its spaces spaces and HVAC HVAC equipmen equipment. t. This is often often useful in LEED® LEED® EA Prerequisite Prerequisite 1 and EA Credit Credit 1 analyses analyses when making making a copy of a Proposed Design Design building and all its spaces, systems, plants, chillers, towers and boilers to serve as the basis for assembling the Baseline Building.   Delete existing existing items. items. Example: Deleting three syste systems ms you previously entered.   Searchin Searching g and replacing replacing existing existing space space data. Example: Example: Cha Change nge lighting lighting W/sqft W/sqft from 2.0 to 1.8 for 40 spaces all at one time.   Rotating Rotating the orientati orientation on of existing existing spaces. spaces. Example: Example: Rotate Rotate the orientat orientation ion of 35 spaces by 45 degrees clockwise all at one time.   Performin Performing g LEED (90. (90.1 1 PRM) Rotations Rotations.. This is used in a LEED® EA Prereq Prerequisite uisite 1 an and d EA Credit Cred it 1 analyses analyses to take a Baseline Baseline Building Building and make three copies of it, with spaces rotated 90 deg, 180 deg and 270 deg respectively.   View View or prin printt inpu inputt data data.. Ex Exam ampl ple: e: Pr Prin inti ting ng input input data data for fo four ur wind window ow assemb assembli lies es yo you u  previously entered.

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View Example: Viewing deuse signrsreports twomple: air you defined. d.    View Vie w or orprint printdesign energy energreports. y simula simulatio tion n rep report orts s (HAP (HAPdesign users only) only).. forExamp Exa le:systems Printin Printing g a define buildi building ng simulation report listing annual energy use and energy costs.

There are usually at least two or three way wayss of performin performing g each task. For example, example, after after selecting selecting items in the list view, an option on the Edit or Report Menu can be selected, or a button on the Toolbar can be pressed, or an item pop-up menu can be displayed by right-clicking on the selected items. Appendix A provides specific procedures procedures for performing all these comm common on operating tasks. 6. The  Status Bar  is the final component of the main program window and appears at the bottom of the wind window ow.. Th Thee curr curren entt date date and and time time app appea earr at th thee righ rightt-ha hand nd end of th thee stat status us bar. Pert Pertin inen entt messages appear at the left-hand end of the status bar. Further information on program operation can be found in separate sections of this guide dealing with input forms and project managem management. ent. Appendix Appendix A also provides provides detailed detailed informat information ion on using main main  program window features to enter data and generate reports.

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1.5 WORKING WITH HAP INPUT FORMS This section discusses discusses the basic operating operating principles principles of HAP’s HAP’s input forms. While much much of your work  with the program is done on the main program window, the actual entry of data is done using input forms. form s. An input form appears appears when you choose choose to create a new item or edit edit an existing ite item. m. A separate separate input form is provided for each category of HAP data.

Figure 1.2. A Simple Input Form Simple Input Forms.   Many Many inpu inputt forms forms have have a simple simple appear appearanc ancee as show shown n in Figure Figure 1.2. These These simple kinds of input forms consist of three components:

1. The  Title Bar   is found at the top of the input form. It lists the type type of data contained contained in the input input form and the name of the curren currentt item item being edi edited ted.. In the examp example le above, above, data for a window window assemblyIfnamed nam “4x6this Double Glazed with Blinds” is being edited. title bar also contains close  button. youed press button, the program will return to the mainThe program window without asaving any changes you made made on the form. Thus, the close button performs the same func function tion as Cancel. 2. The  Data Area  is the middle portion of the form. It contains all the data describing the current item. In the examp example le above above,, the data data area area contai contains ns inform informati ation on descri describin bing g a window window assem assembly bly:: its dimensions, framing properties, internal shades, glazings and thermal performance. While entering information in the data area, you can display explanations of each input item by  pressing the F1 key. For example, if you press F1 while the cursor is on the “Frame Type” item in the figure above, the help topic for “Window Frame Type” will appear appear automatically. automatically. This feature is useful for learning about the program while you work. 3. The  Command Buttons   are found in the lower right-ha right-hand nd portion of the form. form. All forms contain contain three buttons: 

  Press the OK button to return to the main main program window window after saving any any changes you you made on the input form.

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  Press the Cancel Cancel button to return to the main prog program ram window window without saving saving any changes changes you made on the input form. The Cancel button performs the sam samee function as the close button in the title bar.   Press the Help Help button to display display an overvie overview w of the current current input form. form. This overview overview descri describes bes how the input form is organize organized d and how to use it. It also contains contains links links to help topics topics for the individual input items on the form.

Figure Figur e 1.3. A Tabbed Tabbed Input Input Form Tabbed Input Tabbed Input Forms. Forms.   For certain certain categ categori ories es of HAP HAP data, data, the input input form form has has a more more comple complex x appearanc appe arancee as shown in Figure 1.3. This input form contains contains the same basic basic elements elements (title bar, data area, command buttons) as discussed earlier, but the data area contains multiple categories of information rather rather than a single single set of inform informati ation. on. Categ Categori ories es of data data are rep repres resent ented ed as tabs tabs in a notebo notebook ok.. In Figure 1.3 data for a space is shown. Space data is divided into five categ categories: ories:       

            

General data data Internal load Wall, Window, Door data Roof, Skylight data Infiltration data Floor data Partition data

To switch between between the different different categ categories ories of data, simply click on the tab title. For exam example, ple, to switch to the “Walls, Windows, Doors” category of data, click on the “Walls, Windows, Doors” tab.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 1

Getting Started

1.6. PERFORMING COMMON TASKS WITH HAP In order order to use HAP, HAP, you will will need need to ente enterr data, data, edit data and gen genera erate te repor reports. ts. A common common set of   procedures is used in HAP to perform these tasks, and this makes the program easier to learn and use. Whether you are working with walls, spaces or systems, for example, the same basic procedures are used. Further, Furth er, there are typically typically two or more more ways of performin performing g each task. So you can choose the approach approach thatt yo tha you u fin find d most most conve convenie nient. nt. Tab Table le 1.1 lists common common progra program m tasks tasks along along with with altern alternate ate ways of   performing each. More extensive information on each task is provided in Appendix A and in HAP’s online help system.

Table 1.1 Common Operating Tasks in HAP Task

Menu Bar 

Tool Bar  Button

Creating a New Item

Tree View Pop-Up Menu

List View

X

X

Editing an Existing Item

X

Special List View Feature Pop-Up Menu X X

Using the On-Line Calculator to Enter Data

X

Duplicating an Existing Item

X

X

Deleting Items

X

X

X

Generating Input Data Reports

X

X

X

X

Generating Design Reports

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Generating Simulation Reports (HAP only) Key:

X

X X

X

1. Menu Bar = One of the menus on the menu bar contains an option for performing this task. 2. Tool Bar Button = One of the toolbar buttons can be used to perform this task. 3. Tree View Pop-Up Menu = The pop-up menu displayed displayed from the tree view conta contains ins an option for this task. 4. List View = Task can be performed by directly manipulating items in the list view. 5. List View Pop-Up Menu = The pop-up menu displayed from the list view contains an option for this task. 6. Special Feature Feature = A special featu feature re is provided for this task. Please see Appendix Appendix A for details.

1.7 WORKING WITH PROJECTS While using HAP you will need to create While create and manage manage project project data. data. This section section discusses discusses projects projects and features provided for managing project data. What is a Project?   All the data you enter and calculate calculate in HAP is stored toge together ther within within a “project”. “project”. A  Project  is   is simply a container container for your data. Howe However, ver, a project project can hold data for othe otherr programs programs as well as HAP. For example, example, if you create a project project for a building design design job, it might contain contain load esti estimat mating ing and system system design design data data from HAP, roofto rooftop p selec selectio tion n data data fro from m the Ca Carrie rrierr Pa Pack ckag aged ed RTU Build Builder  er   program, and air terminal selection data from the Carrier Air Terminal Builder program. Keeping this dataa togeth dat together er in a single single containe containerr is oft often en more more effici efficient ent than than keepi keeping ng the data in severa severall sep separa arate te locations. Using Projects. Projects.   HAP provides provides a variety of features features for working with project project data. Common Common projectprojectrelated tasks are listed below. Further information on each feature can be found in Appendix Appendix B.

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Getting Started        

               

Chapter 1

Create a new project. Edit data data in an an existing existing project. Save changes in a project. Save changes to a new project. Delete an existing project. Edit descriptive descriptive data for the project. Archive project data for safe keeping. Retrieve data that that you you earlier earlier archiv archived. ed.

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  Convert data from previous previorequirements us version ofso HAP. Publish equipment equipme nt asizing requireme nts the data can be used in Carrier Carrier Electronic Catalog Catalog to make make equipment selections.   E-mail project project data to your your Carrier sales engineer for assistance assistance with equipment equipment se selections. lections.   Export results to the Engineering Economic Analysis program program for use in lifecycle cost cost studies.   Import data from another project project into the current current project.   Import data from Computer Aided Aided Design (CAD) (CAD) or Building Information Information Modeling (BIM) (BIM) software.

How Project Data is Stored.   When a new project is saved for the first time time,, you designa designate te the folder  which will hold the project files (either by accepting the default folder \E20-II\Projects\ ProjectName  or   by specifying a folder f older yourself). This folder is the permanent storage location of project proj ect data. When you open the project to work with its data, temporary copies of the project’s data files are made. made. As you enter  data, make changes and perform calculations, all this data is stored in the temporary copy of the data files.. Only when you use the Save option files option on the Projec Projectt Menu are the changes changes you’v you’vee made copied copied to  permanent storage. Therefore, if you ever need to   undo   changes you’ve made to a project, simply re-open the project without saving the changes changes you’ve ma made. de. When you re-open re-open the project, the changes stored in the temporary copy of the data files are discarded, and data from your last project/save is restored. Recommended Project Management Practices.   Project Project data represent representss an important important investment investment of  your time time and effort. And, as the saying saying goes, goes, ‘time is money’. money’. Therefore Therefore it is import important ant to safeguard safeguard your investmen investmentt in project project data. data. We recommend recommend adopting adopting the following following practices practices when worki working ng with  projects: 

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  Create Create a separat separatee project project for each job you work work on. It is usually usually more more efficie efficient nt to keep dat dataa for  separate sepa rate jobs in separate separate projects. projects. It is also safer to store data data in smalle smaller, r, focuse focused d units. If you keep keep data for all jobs in a single single project, and this projec projectt becomes becomes dama damaged ged,, your data loss will be greate greater  r  than if you keep data for separate jobs in separate projects.   Use a descriptive descriptive name for the project so you can quic quickly kly recognize recognize what what it contains, contains, both both now and when you need to refer to the project in the future. Bec Because ause the selection selection list for projec projects ts is arranged arranged alphabetically it is useful to use a consistent consistent naming conve convention. ntion. Many firms begin the project project name with their internal project number followed by descriptive text (e.g., P2003-47 Lincoln School).   Save Save early and often. often. While While entering entering data, changin changing g data and generati generating ng report reports, s, save the project project  periodically. This practice is useful in the event that you make a mistake and need to undo changes. If the last time you saved the project was 15 minutes ago, undoing your mistake will only cause you to lose 15 minutes of work. On the other hand, if the last time you saved saved the data was 4 hours ago, undoing a mistake may cause you to lose 4 hours worth of work.   Archive Archive your data periodic periodically ally for safekeepi safekeeping. ng. These day dayss data on hard disks is relati relatively vely sa safe. fe. However, it is still possible for hard disk drives to become damaged, or for files on the hard disk to  be damaged damaged or erased. Therefore it is a good practice to periodically archive your project data. Data can can be ar arch chiv ived ed to a se sepa para rate te loca locati tion on on your your hard hard di disk sk,, to a di diffe ffere rent nt hard hard di disk sk dr driv ivee or to removabl remo vablee media such as a zip drive or flopp floppy y disks. For example, example, if you archive data data for a large  project at the end of each day and your hard disk drive fails, at most you will have lost one day’s worth of work. On the other hand, if data for the same larg largee project was nev never er archived archived and your  hard disk drive fails, all the project data would be lost.

Further Information. Information.   Furthe Furtherr inform informati ation on on proce procedur dures es use used d to mana manage ge pro projec jectt data data is fou found nd in

Appendix B and the program’s on-line help system. HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Getting Started

1.8 USING THE HELP RESOURCES IN HAP HAP provides extensive resources to help users learn about, understand and use the software. These resources resou rces are primarily primarily available available via the Help Menu on the men menu u bar of the main main program wind window. ow. The resources include: Help System. System.   The "Contents 1.   The Help "Contents and Index" Index" menu menu option launch launches es the help system system.. The help system contains introductory information, tutorials, examples, application information, and complete

explanatio expla nations ns of the all help program input screen s and reports calculat calc ulation ion docume documentat ntation. ion. or Inby addition to you can launch system by screens pressing [F1] at anyand point during program operation pressing any of the Help buttons that appear on program input screens. User's Manual. Manual.   The "User's Manual" 2.   The User's Manual" menu menu option option launches launches your Adobe Acrobat Reader Reader and displays displ ays the electronic electronic copy of the program user's user's manua manual. l. This manual manual contains contains a subse subsett of the information inform ation in the help system which includes includes the intro introducto ductory ry information information,, tutorials, tutorials, example example  problems and application information.

3.   Telephone Telephone and E-mail Support. Support.   The "Contact Software Support" menu option displays telephone and e-mail contact information you can use to contact Carrier software support for assistance with the program. Self-Directed Help on on the Web.   The "eDesign 4.   Self-Directed "eDesign Support Support Web Site" Site" menu option links you to the eDesign eDes ign Application Application Support web page. This page provide providess self-serv self-service ice support mate materials rials such as frequently asked questions and "eHelps", which are short articles on common program topics of  interest.

5.   Software Newsletter. Newsletter.   The "eDesign "eDesign Newslette Newsletter" r" menu menu option option links you to the EXchange EXchange software software newsletter web page from which you can subscribe to this quarterly electronic newsletter containing information about HAP and other Carrier eDesign tools. Program Updates. Updates.   The "Check 6.   Program "Check for Progra Program m Update Updates" s" me menu nu option option links you to the eDesign eDesign Downloads web page where you can check to see if patch updates or major updates for the program have been released. Training Information. Information.   The " eDesign 7.   Software Training eDesign Softw Software are Training" Training" menu option links links you to the eDesign Software Training web page which contains class descriptions, a schedule of class dates and locations, and on-line class registration.

8.   Current Current Progra Program m Version Version Information.   The "About "About HAP" HAP" me menu nu option option display displayss the curre current nt  program version. This option is useful if you are unsure if you have the latest version. The version displayed via this option can be compared with the versions shown in the eDesign Downloads web  page (item 5 above). The Help Menu also provides links to the Carrier eDesign software main web page and the Carrier  commercial building products and services web site.

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HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Chapter 2

HAP Tutorials

This chapter chapter provides three brief tutorials. tutorials. The first describes describes how to use the Hourly Analysis Analysis Progra Program m to design systems systems and plants. The second and third explain explain how to use the program to estima estimate te annual  energyy costs for HVAC systems. The tutorials energ tutorials are designed for readers readers who want a quick description description of   how to use the program and are already familiar with the design process, HAP terminology and basic  principles of program operation.

2.1 HAP SYSTEM DESIGN TUTORIAL This tutorial explains how to use HAP to perform detailed system design work for systems and plants. When Wh en HAP is sta starte rted, d, the main main pro progra gram m window window appe appears ars.. At this point point the system system design design proce process ss involves invo lves the following following five steps to design systems systems and two additiona additionall steps steps to design plan plants. ts. Note that this this tutori tutorial al assum assumes es the reader reader is prepar prepared ed to enter enter his or her own building building and system system data. data. For a complete example problem, please refer to Chapter 3. 1. Cre Create ate a New Pro Project ject 

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  Choose Choose New on on the Project Project menu. menu. This create createss a new p projec roject. t. A project project is the the containe containerr which which holds your data.   Choose Choose Save Save on the Project Project menu. menu. You’ll You’ll be asked tto o name tthe he project. project. From here here on, save save the the  project periodically.

2. Ente Enterr Weathe Weatherr Dat Data a 

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  Clic Click k on the “Wea “Weath ther er”” item item in the the tree tree view view in th thee main main pr prog ogra ram m wind window ow.. A “Wea “Weath ther  er  Properties” item appears in the list view.   Double Double click on on the “Weather “Weather Propertie Properties” s” item in the list list view. view. The Weather Weather input input form will will appear.   Enter weather data.   Press the OK button button on the Weather Weather input form to save save the data and and return to the main main program program window.

3. Ente Enterr Space Space Data Data 

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  Click on the “Space” “Space” item in the tree view in the main main program window. Space information information will appear in the list view.   Double-c Double-click lick on the “” item in the list view. view. The Space Space input form will will appear.   Enter Enter data for your first space. Whil Whilee entering entering space spaces, s, you may ne need ed to create schedule schedules, s, walls, walls, roofs, windows, windows, doors or external shades. shades. You can do this by choosing choosing the “create “create new …” item in drop-d drop-down own select selection ion lists. lists. For examp example, le, when enteri entering ng overhe overhead ad lig lighti hting ng data, data, you must choose choo se a schedule. schedule. In the schedule schedule drop-down drop-down list, choose the “crea “create te new schedule” schedule” item to create crea te a schedule schedule and automatica automatically lly assign it to overhead lighting. lighting. Similar Similar proced procedures ures are used for wa walls lls,, roofs, roofs, windo windows, ws, doors and extern external al shades shades.. An alternat alternatee app approa roach ch is to cre create ate schedules, walls, roofs, windows, doors and external shading prior to entering space data.   Press the OK button on the Space Space input form to save your data an and d return to the main program program window.   To enter another anothe r space, in the list view right-click on the name of of the space space you just created. The space pop-up menu appears.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 2

HAP Tutorial 

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  Choose the “Duplicate” option on the pop-up menu. menu. A copy of the original space will be created created and its input form will appear. This is a quick way of generating generating new spaces spaces based on defaults defaults from the previous previous space. For many projects projects this will be more efficient efficient than creating each each new space from standard defaults.   Enter data for this new space.   Press the OK button on the Space Space input form to save your data an and d return to the main program program window.   Repeat the previous four steps steps to enter data for as many spaces as you you need.

4. Ente Enterr Air Air System System Data Data 

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  Click Click on the “System “System”” item in the tree view view in the main pro program gram w windo indow. w. System System informa information tion will appear in the list view.   Double-c Double-click lick on the “” item item in the list view. view. The Syst System em input input form will will appear.   En Ente terr data data for your your first first sys syste tem. m. Whil Whilee ente enteri ring ng the sys syste tem, m, you you will will need need to creat createe a fan/therm fan/t hermostat ostat schedule. schedule. You can do this by choosing choosing the “create new schedule” schedule” item in the fan/thermostat schedule schedule drop-down list. This will create a schedule and automa automatically tically assign it to your system. An alternate approach is to create this schedule be before fore entering air system data.   Press the OK button on the System System input input form to save your data data and return to the ma main in program program window.   To enter another another system, system, in the list view right-click right-click on the name of the system system you just crea created. ted. The system pop-up menu appears.   Choose Choose the “Dupli “Duplicat cate” e” opti option on on the pop-up pop-up menu. menu. A copy of the original original sys system tem will will be created crea ted and its input form will appear. appear. This is a quick wa way y of generating generating new systems systems based based on defaults from the previous system, if successive successive systems are simila similar. r. If they are not, use the "new default system" option to create each new system.   Enter data for this new system.   Press the OK button on the System System input input form to save your data data and return to the ma main in program program window.   Repeat the previous four steps steps to enter data for as many systems as as you need need..

5. Generate Generate System Design Design Reports Reports 

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  Click Click on the “System “System”” item in the tree view view in the main pro program gram w windo indow. w. System System informa information tion will appear in the list view.   Select the systems systems for which you you want reports.   Choose the “Print/View Design Design Results” o option ption on the Reports Reports menu. menu.   On the System Design Reports Reports form, choose the desired reports.   To view the reports before printing, press the Preview button. button.   To print the reports directly, press the Print button.    performed. Before Before generat geneIfrating ing HAP reports, reporautomatically ts, HAP HAP will willruns check check to calculations see if sys system tem design desig n calcul calculati ations have been been not, these before generating theons reports.

6. Ente Enterr Plant Plant Data Data (if (if necessa necessary) ry) 

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2-2

  Click Click on the “Plant” “Plant” item in the tree view view in the main main program program window. window. Plant Plant inform information ation will will appear in the list view.   Double Double-c -clic lick k on the “” ite item m in the list list view. view. The Plant Plant inpu inputt form form will appear.   Enter data for your first plant. plant. For plant design purposes users will typically only only select from the first six plant types (one of the “Generic” types). HAP users have additional options for specific types of chilled water, hot water and steam plants, but these require extra data not relevant to the design calculation. Therefore it is more efficient to use the Generic plant types for design. Later  Generic plants can be converted into specific plant types without loss of data.   Press the OK button button on the Plant input form to save your your data and return to the m main ain program program window.   To enter another another plant, plant, in the list view right-cli right-click ck on the nam namee of the plant you you just created. created. The  plant pop-up menu appears. HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

HAP Tutorial 

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Chapter 2

  Choose Choose the “Duplicate “Duplicate”” option on the pop-up pop-up menu menu.. A copy of the original original plant will be cr create eated d and its input form will appear. This is a quick way way of generatin generating g new plants based on defaults defaults from the previous previous plant, if successiv successivee plants are similar. If they are not similar, similar, use the "new default plant" option to create each new plant.   Enter data for this new plant.   Press the OK button button on the Plant input form to save your your data and return to the m main ain program program window.   Repeat the previous four steps steps to enter data for as many plants as you need.

7. Generate Generate Plant Plant Des Design ign Reports Reports (if necessary necessary)) 

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  Click Click on the “Plant” “Plant” item in the tree view view in the main main program program window. window. Plant Plant inform information ation will will appear in the list view.   Select the plants for which you w want ant reports.   Choose the “Print/View Design Design Results” o option ption on the Reports Reports menu in the menu menu bar.   On the Plant Design Design Reports form, choose choose the desired reports.   To view the reports before printing, press the Preview button. button.   To print the reports directly, press the Print button.   Before Before generat generating ing reports, reports, HAP will check check to see if pla plant nt des design ign calc calcula ulatio tions ns have have bee been n  performed. If not, HAP automatically runs these calculations before generating the reports.

2.2 HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS TUTORIAL - PRELIMINARY DESIGN This tutorial and the following tutorial in section 2.3 explain how to use HAP to estimate annual energy use andphase energy costs . HAP provides des features feature s suited to design energy energyphase analysis analysi the preliminary preliminary or schematic schematic design of acosts. project and provi for analysis in the detailed ofsain project. In preliminary design the goal is often to quickly "screen" prospective HVAC design alternatives to identify the most promising promising designs for further study. In this type of analysis exte extensive nsive details about the  building and its HVAC equipment may not yet be known or may not be relevant for obtaining useful screening scre ening results. results. As a result result a simplifie simplified d modeling modeling approach approach can be used and data entry can be made faster fas ter.. HAP HAP provid provides es a set of "wiza "wizard" rd" featu features res to help help users users rap rapidl idly y gener generate ate buildin building g and HVAC equipment input data for these applications. applications. This tutorial explains how to use those features. In detailed design the goal is to investigate energy consumption and energy cost performance of HVAC designs in greater detail. In this type of analysis complete details about the building envelope, envelope, layout and use are known known and HVAC equipm equipment ent is define defined d in greater greater detail. detail. As a result result,, data data entry entry is more more involved invo lved,, but results results are also more detailed detailed and accurate. accurate. The tutorial tutorial in section section 2.3 explains how to use HAP for energy analysis in detailed design applications. Energy Analysis Tutorial for Preliminary Design

When HAP is started, When started, the main main program program window appears. appears. At this point point the energy analysis analysis involves involves the following 3 easy steps. New Project Project 1.   Create a New 

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  Choose Choose New on on the Project Project menu. menu. This create createss a new p projec roject. t. A project project is the the containe containerr which which holds your data.   Choose Choose Save Save on the Project Project menu. menu. You’ll You’ll be asked tto o name tthe he project. project. From here here on, save save the the  project periodically.

2..   Run a Full Wizard Session to Rapidly Define All Input Data  

  Choose the Full Wizard Wizard Session option on the Wizards Wizards men menu. u.   In the Full Wizard Wizard Session Session window, window, first clic click k the Weather Weather button. button. Select Select the weather weather data for  your analysis by either clicking on the map images or using the drop-down lists at the bottom of  the Weather Wizard Wizard window. Then click OK to exit the Wizard. Wizard.

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  your Frombuilding the the Fullon Wizard Wiza Sessio n window, window , then click k the Building Build button. butFinish ton. Enter Ente r data describing describing the rd twoSession Building Wizard Wizard inputclic screens. Thening press to exit the Wizard. HAP Quick Reference Guide

2-3

 

Chapter 2

HAP Tutorial 

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  From From the Full Full Wizard Wizard Session Session window, window, click click the Equipm Equipment ent button button next. The Equipm Equipment ent Alternatives window will appear.   In the Equipment Equipment Alternative Alternativess click click the Add button to add a new HVAC equip equipmen mentt alternative. alternative. Enter Ent er dat dataa on the Equipm Equipment ent Wizard Wizard scree screens ns to descri describe be yo your ur air-si air-side de equ equipm ipment ent and and,, as applicable, your your DX or plant equipment. equipment. Press Finish to exit.   Repeat the previous previous step for each equipment equipment alternative you you wish to include in your your study.   When finished, finished, click click the Close Close button on the Equipment Equipment Alternativ Alternatives es window to return to the Full Wizard Session window.

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  From the Full Wizard Wiz ard Session window, click clic k the Rate button. button . Enter data describing your  electric and fuel prices on the Utility Rate Wiz Wizard ard Utility screens. Press Finish to exit.   Fi Fina nall lly, y, on the the Fu Full ll Wiza Wizard rd Se Sess ssio ion n wind window ow,, clic click k th thee Fini Finish sh bu butt tton on.. At th this is po poin intt HAP HAP automatica autom atically lly take takess your weather, building, building, equip equipmen mentt and utility utility rate wizard inpu inputt data and generates a complete complete set of detailed input data for your analysis analysis.. When this work is finished you you are returned to HAP main window.

3.   Obtain Results  

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  On the HAP main window, window, click the Building node in the tree view view on the left.   In the Building list that appears in the right-hand right-hand list view panel panel select one or or more buildings you you want to include in your energ energy y cost comparison. comparison. Each "building "building"" in the list corresponds corresponds to one equipment alternative you defined in the Equipment Wizard.   Choose the “Print/View Simulation Simulation Results” Results” option on the Reports menu. menu.   In the Building Building Simulation Simulation Reports window, window, choose the desired reports.   To view the reports, press the Preview button.   To print the reports directly, press the Print button.

 Note that simulation reports can also be generated for systems and plants separately. These reports  provide more detailed information about the energy use of air system and plant equipment. To generate these reports, use the same procedure described above, but select systems or plants in the HAP main window tree view panel instead of selecting buildings.

2.3 HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS TUTORIAL - DETAILED DESIGN This tutorial explains how to use HAP to estimate annual energy use and energy cost for alternate system designs. desi gns. This tutorial tutorial is appro appropriate priate for energy analysis analysis in the detailed design design phase of a project project where extensive information about the building and its HVAC systems is known, and highly accurate results are needed. Energy Analysis Tutorial for Detailed Design

When Whe n HAP is started, started, the main main program program window appears. appears. At this point point the energy analysis analysis involves involves the following 7 steps. If system design following design work has already been complet completed, ed, many of these step stepss will not be necessary or will only require minimal work. 1. Cre Create ate a New Pro Project ject

  Choose Choose New on on the Project Project menu. menu. This create createss a new p projec roject. t. A project project is the the containe containerr which which holds your data.   Choose Choose Save Save on the Project Project menu. menu. You’ll You’ll be asked tto o name tthe he project. project. From here here on, save save the the  project periodically. =OR=   If system system design design work was done previou previously, sly, the then n the project will will already already exist. In this case case use the Open option on the Project menu to open the project. 

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HAP Tutorial

Chapter 2

2. Ente Enterr Weathe Weatherr Dat Data a 

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  Clic Click k on the “Wea “Weath ther er”” item item in the the tree tree view view in th thee main main pr prog ogra ram m wind window ow.. A “Wea “Weath ther  er  Properties” item appears in the list view.   Double Double click on on the “Weather “Weather Propertie Properties” s” item in the list list view. view. The Weather Weather input input form will will appear.   Enter Enter weather weather data. Be sure to to enter enter data on the the Simulati Simulation on tab of the the Weather Weather form form.. Inputs Inputs on this tab link simulation weather data to the project and define the holiday calendar for the year.   Press the OK button button on the Weather Weather input form to save save the data and and return to the main main program program window.

3. Ente Enterr Space Space Data Data

This This st step ep is th thee same same as in th thee Sy Syst stem em Desi Design gn Tu Tuto tori rial al in se sect ctio ion n 2.1, 2.1, but but with with the the foll follow owin ing  g  exceptions: 

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  Make Make sure that schedules schedules for internal loads loads include profiles profiles assigned assigned for all 7 days of the week  and for holidays. Data originally used for system design design work may only hav havee defined profiles for  the design day.   Make Make sure infiltration infiltration rates for energy energy analysis analysis days are specified specified.. For design design work infiltration infiltration rates may only have been specified for design cooling and design heating conditions.

4. Ente Enterr Air Air System System Data Data

This This st step ep is th thee same same as in th thee Sy Syst stem em Desi Design gn Tu Tuto tori rial al in se sect ctio ion n 2.1, 2.1, but but with with the the foll follow owin ing  g  exceptions: 

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  Sy Syst stem emss used used in an ener energy gy anal analys ysis is may may no nott use use th thee "U "Und ndef efin ined ed"" equi equipm pmen entt clas class. s. Any Any “Undefined” system must be converted to one of the specific equipment classes before it can be used in energy simulations. To convert a system, edit its data and change the “Equ “Equipment ipment Class” input from “Undefine “Undefined” d” to one of the other choices. choices. This will chang changee the cooling and heating heating source sou rcess for coils coils in the system system,, but will retain retain the other inpu inputt dat data. a. Re Revie view w your your input input data,  particularly the cooling coil and heating coil source items before saving the system.   When When defini defining ng da data ta for packa package ged d roofto rooftop, p, packa package ged d verti vertical cal units, units, split split DX air han handle dlers, rs,  packaged  package d or split DX fan coils or water source heat pumps, you must enter data on the Equipm Equ ipment ent tab of the Air Sy Syste stem m form. This This tab prov provide idess inputs inputs describ describing ing the full load load capacity, full load efficiency and operating controls for these types of DX equipment.   When entering entering data for water-coole water-cooled d vertical package packaged d units, you will need to create a cooling tower. When entering data for a water source heat pum pump p system you will need to create a cooling tower and an auxiliary boiler. You can create both from within the air system form by by choose the “create new cooling tower” and “create new boiler” options on the drop-down lists used to select towers towe rs and boilers. boilers. An alternate alternate approach approach is to create tower towerss and boilers boilers prior to entering entering the air 

system. 5. Ente Enterr Plant Plant Data Data (if (if necessa necessary) ry)  If your study includes chilled water, hot water or steam plants, define each as follows: 

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  Click Click on the “Plant” “Plant” item in the tree view view in the main main program program window. window. Plant Plant inform information ation will will appear in the list view.   Double Double-c -clic lick k on the “” ite item m in the list list view. view. The Plant Plant inpu inputt form form will appear.   Enter data for your plant.   While entering plant plant data it may be necessary necessary to create chillers, reversible chillers, boilers, air-towater heat pumps, water-to-water heat pumps, cooling towers and/or dry coolers to link to the  plant. This can be done without leaving the plant form by using the "create new ..." options which appear in the drop-down lists used to select these plant components. An alternate approach is to define the chillers, heat pumps, towers, and boilers prior to entering plant data.   Press the OK button button on the Plant input form to save your your data and return to the m main ain program program window.

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Chapter 2

HAP Tutorial 

  If more than one plant is required for your analysis analysis,, repeat the previous previous steps to define each each  plant.

6. Ente Enterr Buildin Building g Data Data 

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  Click on the the “Building” “Building” item in the tree view in the main main program window. Building information will appear in the list view.   Double-click Double-click on the “” from the drop down list for overhead lighting schedule, the schedule you create will be assigned to 

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overhead lighting automatically. automatically.   Switch to the Walls, Windows, Windows, Doors tab on the space input window and ente enterr the data shown in Figure Figu re 3.8. As you enter this data it will be necessary necessary to create wall, wall, window window,, door and external shade constructions. For example, while the desired exp exposure osure line in the table is highlighted, you can create the wall construction for that exposure by choosing the “” item in the wall drop-down drop-down list. Similar Similar procedures procedures are used for crea creating ting windo window, w, door and external shade constructions. Wall, window and shade construction data data is shown in Figures 3.3, 3.4, 3.6 and 3.7 respectively.   Switch to the Roofs, Roofs, Skylights tab tab on the space input input window and enter enter the data shown in F Figure igure 3.8. As you enter this data data it will be necess necessary ary to crea create te a roof constru construction ction.. With the desired desired exposure row in the table highlighted, you can create a roof construction for that exposure by choosing choo sing the “ item in the list view panel. panel. The Elec Electric tric Ra Rate te input window will appear.   Enter Enter data for the electric electric rate shown shown in Figure Figure 4.6. While While entering entering data data press F1 F1 or the Help  button if you have questions about input items or procedures. The electric rate described in section 4.3.5 contains a customer charge and a minimum charge. Se Seas ason onal al sc sche hedu duli ling ng is used used with with a 4-mo 4-mont nth h summ summer er seas season on ru runn nnin ing g from from June June th thro roug ugh h Septemb Sept ember. er. The energy energy charge is a “declining “declining block block”” type of charge with 3 steps. Mode Modeling ling of  this this type type of charge charge is discus discussed sed in sectio section n 6.13 6.13 of this this manua manual. l. The demand demand charge charge is a “flat “flat  price” type of charge with 2 steps, one for each season. This type of charge is also discussed in section sect ion 6.13. The billing demand demand is equal to the measured measured peak dem demand and so there are no demand demand determination clauses.

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  After entering entering the electric electric rate data, data, press the OK button button to save the dat dataa and return to the HAP main window.

7. Ente Enterr Fuel Rat Ratee Data Data 

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  Click Click on the “Fuel “Fuel Rate” item item in the tree view view panel panel in the main main program program window window.. Fuel Rate Rate information will appear in the list view panel.   Double Double-c -clic lick k on the item item in the list view view panel. panel. The Fuel Fuel Rate input input window will appear.   Enter Enter data for the fuel rate shown shown in Figur Figuree 4.5. While enterin entering g data press press F1 or the Help button button if you have questions about input items or procedures. The Natural Gas fuel rate described in section 4.3.6 contains a customer charge and a minimum charge.

4-6

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Energy Analysis Example Problem

Chapter 4

The fuel charge charge is a “de “decli clinin ning g block” block” type type of charge charge with with 3 steps. steps. Modeli Modeling ng of this this type type of  chargee is discussed charg discussed in sectio section n 6.13 of this manual. manual. One wrinkle wrinkle in this fuel rate is that separate separate “distribut “dist ribution” ion” and “gas” charges charges are listed. These need need to be combined combined into one set of price prices. s. An easy way to do this by using the on-line cal calcula culator tor feature of the program. program. For exam example, ple, for  the first step in the fuel charge enter enter the value value 0.2236+0.3965 0.2236+0.3965=. =. When When you press the “=” key the two values will be added and the result displayed in the input cell. Finally, there is no demand charge for this fuel rate and therefore there are also no demand 

determination clauses.   After entering the fuel rate data, press the OK button button to save the data and and return to the HAP main main window.

8. Ente Enterr Buildin Building g Data Data

The final data entry step involves involves building data. data. As described described in Chapter Chapter 1, the building building is simply a contai con tainer ner for all the system system,, plant plant and non non-H -HVAC VAC energy energy-c -cons onsum uming ing equipm equipment ent in a desig design n alt altern ernati ative ve.. Becau Because se we are dealing dealing with a roofto rooftop p unit unit in this this examp example, le, we only only have have sys system tem equipm equ ipment ent.. No chilled chilled water, water, hot water water or ste steam am plant plant equipm equipment ent is involve involved. d. Theref Therefore ore,, the  building contains only the VAV Rooftop air system and the electric and fuel rate pricing structures. To enter this data: 

  Click Click on the “Buildi “Building ng”” item in the tree view panel panel in the main main prog program ram window window.. Buildi Building ng information will appear in the list view panel.

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  Double Dou ble-c -clic lick kappear. on the item item in the list view view panel. panel. The Buildi Building ng input input window will 

  Enter Enter data for the building building shown in Fig Figure ure 4.7. While enterin entering g data press press F1 or the Help button button if you have questions about input items or procedures. On the Plants tab, enter the reference reference name for the building as “Base Ca Case se Design”. Design”. In many applications plants would also be included in the building. However, this example example problem does not involve plants so no further inputs are needed on this tab. On the Systems Systems tab, select the VAV Rooftop Rooftop air system to incl include ude it in the building. building. A system multiplier of 1 will be used. The Misc. Energy tab contains inputs for non-HVAC systems which consume energy and have not yet been accounted accounted for. In the example example problem, problem, the only non-HVAC non-HVAC equipment equipment is lighting lighting and it has already already been accounte accounted d for in space inputs. inputs. Therefore, Therefore, no data need needss to be entere entered d on the Misc. Energy tab. Finally, on the Meters tab, select the “General Service Electric Rate” you defined earlier for the electric elec tric meter. meter. Select Select the “Genera “Generall Service Gas Rate” Rate” you defined earlier earlier for the natural natural gas meter. met er. As an alternative alternative to entering electric electric and fuel rates prior to entering entering the building building (steps 7 and 8), you could create these these rates at the same time as the building building.. To do so use the “create “create new...” options on the drop-down lists for electric and natural gas rates.

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  After entering the building building data, press the O OK K button to save the data data and return to the the HAP main main window.

At this point all input data has been entered and we’re ready to generate energy simulation reports. Procedures for generating reports will be discussed in Section 4.5.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

4.5 GENERATING SIMULATION REPORTS The fourth step in the energy analysis procedure is to use the data entered in step 3 to perform energy analysis calculations calculations and generate simulation simulation reports. The procedure for doing this is as follows: 

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  Click Click the Building Building item in the tree view portion of the main pro program gram w window indow.. Building Building informa information tion will appear in the list view.   Right Right click the “Base “Base Case Design” Design” item item in the list view. On the menu which which appears, appears, select select the “Print/View Simulation Simulation Results” item. The Building Simulation Simulation Reports window will appear.   On the Building Building Simulatio Simulation n Reports Reports window, select select the “Annua “Annuall Compone Component nt Costs” and “Monthly “Monthly Energy Use by System Component” Component” option options. s. The Annual Component Component Costs report will list the costs for each system componen componentt such as fans, cooling, cooling, heating heating and lights. lights. The “Monthly “Monthly Energy Use” Use” report will list monthly monthly energ energy y consum consumption ption for each system compone component. nt. These are just two of the many ma ny useful useful report reportss offere offered d for buildi building ng simula simulatio tions. ns. They They were were cho chosen sen to provid providee a sam sample ple of  energy ene rgy simula simulatio tion n result results. s. The choice choice of simula simulatio tion n result resultss dep depend endss on the informati information on you are seeking. seek ing. Some Some reports compare compare final results results for multiple building buildings. s. Others Others provide more more detailed detailed information for a single building and are used when investigating aspects of building performance. Press the Help button on the Building Simulation Reports Selection window for further information about report contents.   After selecting selecting the reports, press the Preview. Preview. The program will deter determine mine whet whether her system and  building calculations need to be run before generating the report. Calculations will be required the first time you generate generate reports and they will run automatical automatically. ly. A status monitor monitor will help you keep tra track ck of the progress progress of the calcula calculatio tion. n. Once Once the calcula calculatio tion n is fin finish ished ed your repor reports ts will will be generated and displayed in the Report Viewer.

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  The Report Report Viewer can can be used to browse browse and print print the reports. reports. Use the scroll scroll bar to bro browse wse each each report documen document. t. Use the buttons buttons on the Report Report Viewer toolbar toolbar to move move from one report to the next. The Annual Component Costs and Monthly Energy Use reports are shown in Figures 4.8 and 4.9. Information about the content of these reports can be found in the program’s on-line help system.

Information Informat ion about intermediate intermediate results results in an energy energy simulation simulation can also be obtained. obtained. These reports reports are useful use ful for invest investiga igatin ting g asp aspec ects ts of perfor performa mance nce for a par partic ticula ularr air syste system m or plant plant includ included ed in the  building. For example, the following steps can be used to generate simulation reports for the VAV Rooftop air system. 

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4-8

  Click the Air System item in the tree view portion portion of the main main program window. System information will appear in the list view.   RightRight-cli click ck the “VAV Rooftop” Rooftop” item in the list list view. view. On the menu which which appe appears ars,, select select the “Print/View Simulation Results” Results” item. The System Simulation Simulation Reports window will appear.   On the System Simulation Simulation Reports window, place place a check in the box in the “Table” column opposite opposite “Monthly “Mon thly Simulati Simulation on Result Results”. s”. Then press the Preview Preview button. button. Because Because simulati simulation on calculatio calculations ns were previously previously run, this report will be display displayed ed immediate immediately. ly. It shows monthly monthly total loads and energy energ y use for all componen components ts in the air system. A copy of this report is shown in Figu Figure re 4.10. Many other report options are provided on the System Simulation Reports windows and can provide useful information when studying system performance.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Energy Analysis Example Problem

Chapter 4

Figure 4.2 Simulation Weather Data Data

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Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

Figure Figur e 4.3 Schedul Schedule e Data

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Energy Analysis Example Problem

Chapter 4

Figure 4.3 Schedule Data (continued) (continued)

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Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

Figure Figur e 4.4 Ai Airr System System Data

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Energy Analysis Example Problem

Chapter 4

Figure 4.4 Air System System Data (continued) (continued)

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

Figure 4.4 Air System System Data (continued) (continued)

Figure 4.5 Natural Gas Fuel Rate Data

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Energy Analysis Example Problem

Chapter 4

Figure 4.6 Electric Rate Data

Figure 4.7 Building Data

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

Figure 4.8 Annual Annual Component Component Costs

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Energy Analysis Example Problem

Chapter 4

Figure 4.9 Monthly Energy Use by Sy System stem Component HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 4

Energy Analysis Example Problem

Figure 4.10 Monthly Simulation Simulation Results for VAV VAV Rooftop

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Chapter 5

Design Applications

This chapter provides application information describing how to use the program to perform different  types of system design design analyses. It also provides provides advice on how to troubleshoot troubleshoot prob problem lem jobs. Material  Material  in this this chapte chapterr is writte written n assumi assuming ng the reader reader is famili familiar ar with with the pro progra gram m operat operating ing princi principle pless discussed in Chapter 1.

5.1 APPLICATION INFORMATION OVERVIEW This chapte This chapterr expla explains ins how to use the progra program m for common common system system design design appl applica icatio tions. ns. Chapt Chapter er 1 containe cont ained d a general discussion discussion of how to use the program to design systems. systems. However, However, the program program can  be used in design work involving a wide variety of different types of HVAC systems and equipment. Procedure Proc eduress for using the program program for these applicatio applications ns are not always always obvious, obvious, especially especially for new  program users. Therefore, this chapter summarizes summarizes how the program can be used for four common common categories of design applications:   Sizing single-zone single-zone HVAC units.   Sizing terminal terminal HVAC units units such as fan coils and water-source water-source heat heat pumps.   Sizing multiple-zone multiple-zone HVAC systems.   Sizing chiller and boiler systems. 

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Discussions will dwell on modeling strategies strategies and procedures for generating siz sizing ing information. In each case it is assumed the reader is familiar with the basic program operating procedures outlined in Chapter  1. Further, Further, it is assumed assumed input data has been gathered gathered and weather, schedule schedule,, wall, roof, window, door  and shading shading data has alread already y bee been n enter entered. ed. Theref Therefore ore,, entry entry of this this data data wil willl not be covere covered d in the application discussions. Finally, the last section in the chapter discusses troubleshooting strategies required when investigating  program results.

5.2 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING SINGLE-ZONE HVAC UNITS Introduction.   Many design design applicati applications ons involv involvee single-z single-zone one HVAC equipm equipment. ent. These include include small  buildings with open areas that can be properly air-conditioned with one single-zone single-zone unit, or regions of a lar large gerr buildi building ng serve served d by separa separate te single single-z -zone one units. units. These These app applic licati ations ons gene general rally ly fall fall into into two categories: 

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  Applicati Applications ons involving involving rooftop rooftop or vertical vertical package packaged d equipment. equipment. However, However, it could also involve involve applications with split DX units and central station air handlers.   Applications involving involving terminal units units such as hydronic fan fan coils, DX fan coils, packaged packaged terminal terminal air  conditioners (PTACs) and water source heat pumps (WSHPs).

Applications Applicati ons in the first category category will be discussed discussed in this secti section. on. Analysis Analysis of termina terminall units will be described in Section 5.3. Analysis Strategy.   To size single-zone HVAC units with the program, eac each h HVAC unit must be defined as a separate separate air system. system. When calculati calculations ons are performed, performed, reports will be generated generated with sufficient sufficient

inform informatio n to size coolingbelow. and heating coils, the unit fan and any system system ductwork. ductwork. Considera Considerations tions for thisation analysis are the discussed HAP Quick Reference Guide

5-1

 

Chapter 5

Design Applications

1.   Defining Spaces.   Spaces Spaces can represent represent each room in the area served served by the HVAC unit unit.. This will allow load and airflow sizing data to be calculated on a room-by-room basis as well as on a zone  basis. If your objectives for the design calculation do not require a room-byroom-by-room room sizing analysis, then one space representing the entire region served by the unit can be defined instead. Defining The Air System. System.   One air system must be defined for each single-zone 2.   Defining single-zone HVAC unit to be sized. size d. Typically Typically units will be constant constant volume, volume, so the "Single "Single Zone CAV" system option option should be used and the appropriat appropriatee system attributes attributes should be defined. defined. Durin During g air system system inputs, the spaces

contained conta ined in the zone served by the unit are specified specified.. When a space is used to represent represent the entire  building or the entire region served by the unit, the zone will include only one space. When spaces represent separate rooms in the region served by the unit, the zone will contain a group of spaces. 3.   Generating Generating System Design Reports.   First First choose choose the air system systemss to be siz sized. ed. In cases cases where where multiple single-zone units are involved, it may be more efficient to enter the air system data for all the HVAC units, and then generate generate reports all in one batch. The program program provides provides capabilitie capabilitiess for  doing this. When choosing outputs, select the  Air System Sizing Summary  and the  Zone Sizing Summary. Th Thee  Air System Sizing Summary provides data for sizing and selecting the supply fan and central cooling and heating heating coils. This data includes includes the desig design n supply supply airflow rate, the design cooling cooling and heating coil loads, coil selection selection param parameters eters and useful check check figures. The  Zone Sizing Summary  provides information for sizing space supply diffusers, zone and space ductwork and any zone heating units or  reheat coils.

5.3 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING TERMINAL UNITS Introduction.   This section discusses applications involving the second category of single-zone single-zone HVAC units. This category units. category of equipmen equipmentt includes includes packa packaged ged and split terminal terminal air condition conditioners, ers, hydronic hydronic fan coil units, induction beams, active chilled beams, and water source heat pumps (WSHPs) which are used to condition condition separate rooms rooms or groups groups of rooms. rooms. Examples Examples include include units serving separate separate offices offices in an office off ice building building,, separa separate te guest guest rooms rooms in a hot hotel, el, or classr classroom oomss in a school school build building ing.. Appli Applicat cation ionss involvin invo lving g these types of equipmen equipmentt typicall typically y require that a large large number of units be sized. To assist in this task, the program provides special features for efficiently entering system information and producing sizing data. Analysis Strategy.   Rather Rather than defining one air system per single single-zo -zone ne HVAC unit as was done in Section 5.2, the program allows one "air system input" to represe represent nt multiple HVAC units. This feature is available when using the  Packaged DX Fan Coil, Split DX Fan Coil, 2-Pipe Fan Coil, 4-Pipe Fan Coil, WSHP, GWSHP, GSHP, VRF, Induction Beam,   or  Active   Active Chilled Beam   air system system types. types. The program program also produces produces streamlin streamlined ed output for sizing sizing this equipme equipment. nt. These features features help minimize minimize input effort

and the quantity of output produced. produced. Considera Considerations tions for the analysis analysis are summariz summarized ed in the following following  paragraphs. Defining Spaces. Spaces.   As discussed 1.   Defining discussed in Section Section 5.2, a space space should represe represent nt a single single room when your  design desig n analysis analysis requires requires room-by room-by-room -room sizing sizing data. When this is not necessary, necessary, each space space can represent the entire area served served by one HVAC unit. In many applications, applications, each HVAC terminal terminal unit will serve a single room, such as a fan coil in a hotel room, so the space must represent a single room in these cases.

A more important consideration in this analysis is minimizing the number of spaces and units that are defined defin ed in order to save time and effort. In most application applicationss it is not necessary necessary to define one space and one HVAC unit for every every termina terminall unit unit in the buildi building. ng. Fo Forr rooms rooms with the same same sizes sizes and  patterns of loads, it may be possible to size an HVAC unit once, and then use the same unit in multiple mult iple rooms. rooms. For example, example, guest guest rooms on the same exposure exposure of a hotel hotel might all be the sam samee size, use the same wall and window construction construction and experience the sam samee internal loads. One space input and system sizing calculation for a typical guest room might suffice for selecting units for 10 or  even even 100 guest guest rooms rooms in this this sit situat uation ion.. When When consider considering ing how to reduce reduce the number number of units units analyzed,, remember to evaluate all factors that affect loads. For example, separa analyzed separate te calculations must

5-2

HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Design Applications

Chapter 5

 be performed for f or two rooms of the same size on the same exposure if one is on the top floor and the other is on an intermediate floor, since only one has a roof exposure. Defining g the Air System. System.   When entering 2.   Definin entering air system system data, specify specify Equipment Equipment Type as   Terminal  Units  and then choose the  Packaged DX Fan Coil, Split DX Fan Coil, 2-Pipe Fan Coil, 4-Pipe Fan Coil, WSHP, GWSHP, GSHP, VRF, Induction Beam,  or  Active   Active Chilled Beam  system type.

When one of these system options is chosen, the program allows multiple terminal HVAC units to be defined airntral system input. In air addition, outdoor be either to the unit, uni t, or in byone a centr ce al venti ventilat lation ion han handli dling ng unit.ventilation When When a can centr central al supplied vent ventila ilatio tion n unit unidirectly t is used, the temperat tem perature ure and humidity humidity of air delivere delivered d to the terminal terminal units will affect coil loads for the terminal terminal HVAC units. This factor is considered in program calculations. 3.   Generating Generating System Design Design Reports. Reports.   First choose the air system containing the terminal unit data. When choosing sizing reports, select the  Zone Sizing Summary  repo  report. rt. If ventilatio ventilation n air is provided via a common ventilation unit, also select the  Air System Sizing Summary  report. The  Zone Sizing Summary  provides data for sizing cooling coils, heating coils, fans and airflow for  each terminal terminal unit and also airflow airflow to individua individuall spaces served served by the terminal terminal units. If an HVAC terminal unit serves two or more spaces, this data will be essential for sizing space diffusers and ductwork. The  Air System Sizing Summary  will provide sizing data for the common ventilation unit, if one is used. This includes information for sizing the airflow, fan motor, cooling coil coil and heating coil coil in the ventilation unit.

5.4 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING MULTIPLE-ZONE HVAC SYSTEMS Introduction.   Many design projects involve a central packaged unit or a built-up air handling unit which  provides conditioned air to many different regions in a building. Each of these regions has its own thermosta therm ostatt making making this a multiple multiple-zo -zone ne HVAC system. system. These systems systems compri comprise se the third category category of  design applications. Analysis Strategy.   To design design multiple multiple-zo -zone ne HVAC systems systems with the program, program, each packaged packaged unit or  AHU must be defined as a separate air system. system. When design calculations calculations are performed, output data will  provide sizing information for all cooling and heating coils, fans and terminals in the system. Considerations for this analysis are described below. Organizin zing g Zones Zones & Definin Defining g Spaces Spaces..   How to zone the system 1.   Organi system is one of the first decisio decisions ns required requi red when organizi organizing ng the anal analysis ysis.. Zoni Zoning ng usually depen depends ds on the building use and layout, and the HVAC system system contro controls. ls. The goal goal is to provid providee a the therm rmost ostat at for eac each h region region of the buildin building g requiring specific temperature temperature control. Since the program defines defines a zone as the region served by on onee thermostat, the location of thermostats in the system dictates how rooms will be grouped into zones.

Examples: Offices on a south exposure of a building might be included in one zone since they are of  similar simi lar size and experience experience the same patterns patterns of loads. loads. A conference conference room on the same exposure exposure might have a separate thermostat since its pattern of loads will differ from those of the offices on the same exposure. Further, north and south offices in a building would typically typically be assigned to separate separate zones since offices on each exposure experience significantly different patterns and magnitudes of  loads. Once zonin Once zoning g decisi decisions ons have been made, made, all spac spaces es included included in each each zone must be define defined. d. As discussed in previous sections, each space should represent a separate room when room-by-room load and airflow sizing data is required. required. When a room-by-roo room-by-room m sizing analysis analysis is not required required,, each space can represent the entire area in one zone. Another Anoth er important important considera consideration tion when entering spac spaces es is how to minimiz minimizee input effort. When each space represents a single room, the brute force approach is to define a separate space for every room in the building. building. However, However, in many cases cases series of identical identical rooms rooms (same size, same same pattern and magni ma gnitud tudee of loads) loads) will will exist exist in a zone. zone. In these these situat situation ions, s, one of the identic identical al room roomss can be HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 5

Design Applications defined defin ed as a space space once. Later Later during air system input, input, a multiplier multiplier can be applied applied to this space to account for the total number number of rooms present in the zone. zone. This reduces input effort.

Defining The Air System. System.   One air system 2.   Defining system must be entered entered to represent represent the multiple multiple-zo -zone ne HVAC system sys tem.. The progra program m provid provides es option optionss for def defini ining ng and sizing sizing many many differ different ent types of const constant ant volume and variable volume volume multiple-z multiple-zone one HVAC systems. Define the appropriate attributes for the system being designed.

Entering air first. system dataspaces also requires zones served by by thespec system. is specified Next, included includedefining d in eachthe zone are identified specifying ifyingThe thenumber quantityofofzones each spacee included spac included in a zone. In a simple case in which a zone contains contains one space, a quant quantity ity of 1 would  be defined. In another case, a zone might contain six identical offices. If one space has been defined to represent one of these offices, the zone would contain one space but the space would be assigned a quantity quant ity of 6. Finally, Finally, a zone might might contain a group of different rooms rooms each defined defined as a separate separate space. In this case, the zone would contain contain multiple spaces. 3.   Generating Generating System Design Reports. Reports.   First First choo choose se the air system system to be sized. sized. When When desig designin ning g multiple air systems in a large building, it may be more efficient to define all the systems and then generate reports for all in one batch. batch. The program provides provides features for doing this. On the report selection screen, choose the   Air System Sizing Summary   and  Zone Sizing Summary options. The Air System Sizing Summary  lists maximum coil loads for all central cooling and heating options. coil coilss in th thee sy syst stem em,, requ requir ired ed ai airf rflo low w rate ratess for for cent centra rall supp supply ly and and retu return rn fans fans,, coil coil sele select ctio ion n  parameters, and useful check figures. This data can be used to select coils and fans for the system. The  Zone Sizing Summary  provides data for sizing zone terminals such as VAV boxes, zone reheat coils, zone baseboard or fan coil heating units and fan powered mixing boxes, as well as space diffusers and ductwork.

5.5 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING COOLING AND HEATING PLANTS Introduction.   System design design work can also require sizing central chilled water, hot water and/or steam  plants. In these situations, a plant might serve several central air handling units in a large building and/or  a large number number of hydro hydronic nic fan coil units located in different room roomss of a building. building. In either either case, the  program provides capabilities for sizing both the air handling and terminal units as well as the plant equipment. This section describes the the analysis procedure procedure required. Analysis Strategy.   Performing this analysis requires developing inputs for all the air systems served by the plant plant fir first st and and then then ge gener nerati ating ng syste system m siz sizing ing reports. reports. Next, Next, a chille chilled d water water plant is create created d and systems having having chilled water cooling coils are linked to it. A hot water or steam plant is also created and syste systems ms having having hot water water or ste steam am heating heating coils are linke linked d to it. Finall Finally, y, plant desig design n report reportss are

generated. Considerations required in the analysis analysis are discussed below. 1.   Defining Defining Air Systems. Systems.   The same principles principles discussed discussed earlier earlier in this chapter chapter for single-zone single-zone and multi mu ltiple ple-z -zone one system systemss are requir required ed whe when n defini defining ng air system systemss for this this app applic licati ation. on. In previo previous us discussions the choice of an equipment type and the specification of the cooling and heating sources for coils were not critical. However, when sizing sizing plant equipme equipment, nt, these details are important. Coils served served by the cooling plant plant must must have have chilled water designated designated as the cooling cooling source. source. Chilled Chilled water is the default cooling source when the systems equipment classification is  Chilled Water AHU , and when using the   2-Pipe Fan Coil, 4-Pipe Fan Coil, Induction Beam or Active Chilled Beam system syste m types. types. When using using systems systems in the  Undefined  equipment   equipment class, the cooling source is "Any" and can be used for chilled water plant design calculations. Coils served by the heating plant must have hot water or steam designated as the heating source. When using systems in the  Undefined  equipment   equipment class, the heating source is "Any" and can be used for both hot water and steam design calculations. Special Consi deration. on.t  must Finall Fin y, aconsid ke key y ered. requir reqd. uirem ement ent of the plant plan tesanaly anfor alysis sis is tha that t thework total total when load loan d im impos posed ed Considerati on equipm equ ipmen ent mu stally, be con sidere Beca Be cause use techniqu techn iques mi minim nimiz izing ing whe

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analyzing terminal equipment such as fan coils involves analyzing duplicate units only once, this can cause problems in generating correct cooling plant and heating plant load totals. Example: A hotel contains Example: contains 220 guest rooms served served by 4-pipe fan coils. 100 of these rooms are on one face of the building building and have ident identical ical size and load patterns. patterns. Another Another group of 100 are on the opposite face of the building and also have have identical size and load patte patterns. rns. The remaining 20 rooms rooms must be modeled separately separately because each has unique characteristics. characteristics. To save time, we ccould ould model this situation with one 4-pipe fan coil system having 22 zones - 1 zone representing one unit out of  the first group of 100 identical zones, 1 zone representing one unit out of the second group of 100 zones and one zone each each for the remaining 20 unique zones. This would vastly reduce effort required to size and select the fan coils. However, if we linked this fan coil air system to a chiller or boiler plant, we would have a problem since loads loads would be undercoun undercounted. ted. We have only accoun accounted ted for the loads of 22 out of the 220 fan coil units in the building. To corre correct ct this this proble problem, m, an alt altern ernate ate approac approach h would would be used. used. Define Define three 4-p 4-pipe ipe fan coil coil air  systems. The first contains 20 zones, zones, one for eac each h of the 20 unique unique hotel zones. zones. The second contains contains 1 zone representing a single zone zone in the first group of 100 identical zones. The third system contains 1 zone zone representing representing a single single zone in the second group of 100 identical identical zones. zones. System System sizing sizing reports can be run as before to generate data needed to select the fan coil units. To size the cooling cooling plant, the three fan coil air systems systems would be linked linked to the chiller. chiller. The system containing the 20 unique zones would be assigned a system multiplier multiplier of 1. The single-zone systems systems representing each group of 100 identical zones zones would each be assigned a system multiplier of 100. In this way the total load for all 220 fan coil units would be accounted for and the chiller would be  properly sized. The same sort of approach would be used when linking the fan coil air systems to the heating plant. Generating System Design Design Reports. Reports.   Once air systems have been defined, generate system 2.   Generating system design reportss for each. report each. As discussed discussed in earlier sections, sections, the system design design reports provide information information for  sizing cooling coils, heating coils, fans, diffusers and ductwork.

If sy syst stem em si sizi zing ng data data is not not a conc concer ern n (e.g (e.g., ., if yo you u are are perfo perform rmin ing g a pr prel elim imin inar ary y bl bloc ock k lo load ad calculati calc ulation), on), this step can be skipped. skipped. The plant sizing calculati calculations ons performed performed as part of step 4 will automatically run system sizing calculations first if system sizing results do not already exist. 3.   Defining Defining Plants.   For a chilled chilled water plant, create create one plant plant and choose choose "Generic "Generic Chilled Wate Water  r  Plant" as the plant type. Then specify the air systems served by this plant. For each system linked linked to the plant, HAP will assume that all chilled water coils, and coils whose cooling source is "Any" are serve ser ved d by the plant. plant. As mention mentioned ed in item item 1 above above,, system system multip multiplie liers rs can be used used when when an air  system represents one of a number of identical systems or units served by the chiller. For a changeover plant using reversible chillers, create one plant and choose "Generic Changeover  Plant" Pla nt" as the plant plant type. type. Then Then specify specify the air systems systems served served by this plant. plant. Fo Forr each each air system system linked to the plant, HAP will assume that all cooling coils with chilled water or "any" as the source, and all heating coils with hot water or "any" as the source are served by the plant. For hot water or steam plant create one plant. For a hot water plant, choose "Generic Hot Water  Plant" as the plant type. For a steam plant, choose "Generic Steam Plant" as the plant type. Then specify the air systems served by this plant. In a hot water plant HAP will assume all hot water coils and coils with a heating source of "any" are served by the plant. In a steam plant HAP will assume that all steam coils and coils with a heating source of "any" are served by the plant. For HAP users who will later run energy analyses, "Generic" plants can later be converted into specific plant types. When converting plants, system selection data is preserved. 4.   Generating Generating Plant Design Design Reports. Reports.   Finally, Finally, generat generatee design repor reports ts for the plants. For the chilled chilled  Cooling Plant Summary waterload plants, choose thecoincident   report. report. This report report lists the peak peak cooling cooling  plant as well as the loads Sizing for all systems served by the chiller.

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Design Applications For a hot water plant, choose the  Heating Plant Sizing Summary   report. This report lists the peak  heating plant load as well as coincident loads for systems served by the plant.

For changeover plants using reversible chillers select both the  Cooling Plant Sizing Summary  and the  Heating Plant Sizing Summary  to obtain both cooling and heating sizing data.

5.6 TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGIES This section describes general strategies used to investigate load calculation and system sizing results. These investigations may be necessary when diagnosing problems with results or simply learning more aboutt results generated abou generated by the program. program. Due to the wide range range of situations situations requi requiring ring diagnosis diagnosis,, it is not  possible to discuss troubleshooting tr oubleshooting procedures for specific applications. Rather, general strategies useful in a variety of situations will be described below. Investigate Input Input and Output Data. Data.   When a question about results arises, first generate reports of  1.   Investigate all input data and pertine pertinent nt load load calcu calculat lation ion results. results. In Inspe spect ct and comp compare are data on the differen differentt  printouts. Sometimes Sometimes unusual sizing results are caused by inadvertent input errors. Definitions and Calculation Procedures.   In many cases, a thorough knowledge 2.   Research Input Definitions knowledge of  how the program uses certain inputs and performs its load and sizing calculations is necessary to understand under stand program program results. results. Topics Topics in the on-line on-line help system prov provide ide definiti definitions ons of all program program inputss and explain input explain how inputs inputs are used by the program. program. Documen Documentatio tation n topics in the help system explain calculation procedures. Perform Comparative Comparative Analysis. Analysis.   When a more detailed investiga 3.   comparative investigation tion nds is needed need ed various types of  comparative analyses can be helpful. The success of this technique depe depends on the user's ingenuity ingenuity, , knowledge of system and and load behavior, and knowledge of the program program.. Two common common applications for comparative analysis are provided below to serve as examples. 

  Single-Hour Single-Hour vs Multiple Multiple Hour Hour Data.   Frequently Frequently,, unusual results results found on the   Air System Sizing Summary   or  Zone Sizing Summary  reports can be successfully diagnosed by comparing data with full 24-hour load profiles.

Example: Suppose the  Air System Sizing Summary  report shows that the peak coil load occurs at 7am.. Since 7am Since peak coil load loadss usuall usually y occur occur in the mi mid d to late afternoo afternoon, n, this is an unexpec unexpected ted result. resul t. One way to diagnose diagnose this result result is to gener generate ate the  Hourly Air System Design Day Loads report which lists cooling coil loads for all hours in a specific month. By comparing comparing coil loads at different times of day, a user can gain insight into why the maximum load occurs in the early morning. morn ing. Sometim Sometimes es this type of result result will be due to an unusually unusually large pulldown pulldown load which which causes loads during the first few hours of operation in the occupied period to exceed coil loads during the mid-afternoon mid-afternoon hours. Such results could be due to legitimate legitimate system behavior behavior or could  be due to errors in modeling building heat gains or system controls. 

  Air System System Variati Variations. ons.   When an air system containing containing several several compone components nts and accessory accessory contro con trols ls yields yields unusua unusuall siz sizing ing res result ults, s, a useful useful diagn diagnost ostic ic strate strategy gy is to run calcu calculat lation ionss for  variations of the system to determine the effect of each component or control.

Example: Exam ple: An air system system including dehumidific dehumidification ation control, a preheat preheat coil and a ventilat ventilation ion reclaim device yields reclaim yields unusual unusual sizing results. results. To diagnose this problem, problem, make four copies of the air system. From one copy copy remove all all three supplemental supplemental components components and controls. This system will represent a base case. For the other three copies include eac each h of the components separa separately. tely. For exa examp mple, le, one system system would only only includ includee the dehum dehumidi idific ficati ation on contro control. l. Anothe Anotherr wou would ld include inclu de the preheat preheat coil only, and so forth. Finally, Finally, run sizing calcula calculations tions for each for the four  system variations. variations. A comparison of results from these system systemss should demonstrate the individua individuall effectt of each component effec component control. control. Often this points points out the reason reason for the original original results that were questione questioned. d. When When it does not, it may be necessary necessary to use 24-hour load profil profilee reports to evaluate differences in system performance, or to run further test cases using combinations of  two components at a time (e.g., dehumidification and the preheat coil together, the preheat coil and ventilation reclaim, etc...). 5-6

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This chapter explains explains how to use the program program for common energy analysis analysis applicat applications. ions. It also provides advicee on how to troublesho advic troubleshoot ot unexpected energy simulation simulation results. results. Mater Material ial in this chapter chapter assumes the reader is familiar with the program operating principles discussed in Chapter 1.

6.1 APPLICATION INFORMATION OVERVIEW Thiss chapte Thi chapterr explai explains ns how to use the progra program m for commo common n energy energy analysis analysis applicat application ions. s. Chapte Chapterr 1 contained contai ned a general general discussi discussion on of how to use the progra program m for energy energy analysi analysiss stu studie dies. s. Howeve However, r, the  program can be used in studies involving a many different types of HVAC equipment. Procedures for  using usi ng the progra program m for the these se applic applicati ations ons are not always always obviou obvious, s, especi especiall ally y for new progra program m users. users. Therefore, this chapter covers the following ten application topics:               

                             

General energy analysis strategies. Troubleshooting strategies. Simulating packaged rooftop units Simulating vertical packaged units. Simulating split DX air handlers. Simulating chilled water air handlers. Simulating packaged or split DX fan coil units. Simulating hydronic fan coil units. Simulating induction beam or active chilled beam systems. systems. Simulating water source source heat pump systems. Simulating ground ground water and ground source heat pump pump systems. systems. Simulating chilled water plants. Simulating hot water and steam plants. Simulating heat recovery plants Modeling utility rate structures.

In al alll of thes thesee disc discus ussi sion onss it is as assu sume med d the the re read ader er is famil familiar iar with with th thee basi basicc pr prog ogram ram op opera erati ting ng  procedures outlined in Chapter 1. Further, it is assumed input data has been gathered and entered for  weather, weath er, schedules, walls, roofs, windows, windows, doors and shading geom geometries. etries. Therefore, Therefore, entry of this data will not be covered in the application discussions.

6.2 ENERGY ANALYSIS STRATEGIES The purpose of an energy analysis is to compare the annual energy use and energy costs of alternate syste system m des design igns. s. To generat generatee energy energy use data, data, the operatio operation n of all energyenergy-con consum suming ing equipme equipment nt in a  building must be simulated. This includes energy ener gy use by air handling systems, plant equipment, and nonHVAC systems such as lighting and office equipment. In small buildings buildings,, the analysis is easy to organize due the relatively small number of components components involved. For larger buildings, however, the analysis can  be much harder to organize. In these cases it is important to consider ways to minimize input effort and calculation time. This section discusses strategies for maximizing the accuracy of energy analysis analysis results while minimizing effort. Thetalled most mo accu energy energ y analys ana lysis isng results resu lts can be obtain obt ana lyzin zing g equipm equ ipment ent) exactl exa ctly as mos it ist ins instal led.st . accurate For rate example, examp le, if a buildi bui lding contai contains ns 400 water watained ered source souby rceanaly heat pump (WSHP) (WSHP uni units, ts,ythe most accuratee approach would be to model 400 heat pump units and the spaces they serve separately accurat separately.. In this

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way loads experien experienced ced by each each WSHP WSHP uni unitt and the perfor performan mance ce of each unit could be acc accurat urately ely evaluated. While Whi le this this is con concep ceptua tually lly the simple simplest st approac approach h to ene energy rgy analysis analysis,, it can oft often en require require the largest largest amount of time for gathering and inputting amount inputting data and then running simulation simulations. s. In certain situations situations the number numb er of spaces, spaces, zones, zones, air systems systems and plants can be systematically systematically reduced without without significant significantly ly affecting the accuracy of results. Sim Simpli plifica ficatio n ether of er thesimilar energy ene rgycompone analysis analy sisnts is in achiev achthe ieved ed usi using ng. two technique techni ques. s. zones One involv inv com bining ingfor  or  "lump "lu mping ing" " tion togeth tog sim ilar comp onents analysis analy sis. Two ident identical ical in olves anesaircombin system, syste m, example, examp le, can be combined without without affecting system simulatio simulation n results. The other is simulating simulating identical identical equipment only once, and then using multipliers to account for the total number of units in the building. In a hotel, for example, packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC) units might be used in 75 identical south-facing guest rooms. rooms. Rather than simulate all 75 PTAC units separately, one representative unit can  be simulated and then multiplied by 75 to account for the total energy consumption of the equipment in energy cost calculations. Both these approaches require careful evaluation evaluation of which components components in the analysis can and cannot be combined. comb ined. If the analysis is oversimplif oversimplified, ied, energy use and costs can be significan significantly tly over or underestimated. estim ated. Separate Separate paragraphs paragraphs below summarize summarize considerations considerations involved involved with reducing reducing the number number of  spaces, zones, air systems and plants involved in the analysis. 

  Space Data.   In many situati situations ons,, rooms rooms in a zone zone can be combin combined ed and define defined d as one space. space. Because a zone has only one thermostat, it is the total zone load that drives air terminal operation and therefore therefo re system operation, operation, not the individual individual space loads. Therefore, Therefore, the same total zone loads will  be calculated whether the zone is defined using one large combined space or multiple spaces representing separate rooms.

In a zone containing several identical rooms, another approach is to define only one of the rooms as a space. When linking linking spaces spaces to zones, a multiplier can be used to account for the total number number of this type of room in the zone. These techniques reduce the number of spaces entered and the time required for the program to compute loads during the energy simulations.  Note: For several reasons design considerations may prevent using this reduction technique. If a  project involves both system design and energy analysis, it may be necessary to define each room as a space in order to size air diffusers diffusers for each room. room. Furthe Further, r, if design zone zone airflow rates are based based on the sum of peak space airflow rates, then spaces in the zone cannot cannot be combined. combined. To properly size size zone airflow rates, the individual spaces in the zone must be defined. 

  Zone Data.   A zone is defined as the region region of a building building served by one one thermostat. thermostat. Large air-handli air-handling ng systems which contain many zones and systems involving multiple single-zone units, such as fan coils, offer the greatest potential for simplification.

In a central air-handling system serving an office building, for example, each perimeter office may contai con tain n a the thermo rmosta stat. t. Howeve However, r, many many offices offices on the same perimete perimeterr exposu exposure re may experien experience ce identical identi cal or very similar similar patterns of loads. Rather than analy analyzing zing each room as a separa separate te zone, many zones can be lumped together together without sacrificing sacrificing accuracy. accuracy. For example, example, 20 offices on the south exposure expos ure of a building building might be combined into one large southsouth-facing facing zone. zone. The same principles principles apply when terminal units units such as fan coils serve the offices. When combining zones: 





  Do combine combine zones with with identical identical or similar patterns patterns of loads. Typically Typically these these zones will will have the same exterior exposure and the same patterns of occupancy and internal heat gains.   Don't Don't combine zones zones with different exterior exterior exposures. exposures. For exampl example, e, combining combining north-faci north-facing ng and south-facing offices is a poor choice since each experiences significantly different patterns of solar  loads.   Don't Don't combine combine zones which which do have a roof exposure exposure with those those that don't. don't. The presence presence of the roof  causes load patterns to differ from those in zones without a roof exposure. exposure.

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  Don't Don't combine combine interior regions regions with with perimeter perimeter zones. For much of of the year, interior interior heat heat gains will will offset perimeter heat losses causing heating loads to be understated.   Don't Don't combine combine zones with different different use patterns. patterns. For examp example, le, in a school school building, building, a classroom classroom zone should not be combined with a cafeteria zone since the occupancy and heat gain patterns in each differ.

The advantages of reducing the number of zones are that fewer spaces need to be input, and times for  

load calculations and air system simulations are reduced. Opportunities es for reducing reducing the numb number er of air systems in an analysis analysis vary between   Air System Data.   Opportuniti central air handling systems and terminal systems such as fan coils. Opportunities Opportunit ies for combining central air handl handling ing systems are usually usually limited, except in special cases where several several similar or identical systems systems serve different different parts of a building. building. For central air systems systems to be "similar", the systems must contain the same components, be sized in the same way, serve the samee number sam number of zon zones, es, and experie experience nce the same same pattern pattern of loads. loads. Thi Thiss situat situation ion might might occur in a multi-story building where separate air systems serve each floor, and patterns of loads on each floor  are very similar. similar. In such a case, an air system for a typical intermediate intermediate floor could could be defined and simula sim ulated ted once. once. When When the air system system is lin linked ked a plant plant or a buildi building, ng, a multi multipli plier er can be used to account for the total number of air systems of this type in the building. Opportunities for reducing the number of terminal type air systems in an analysis are much more common. comm on. As discussed discussed earlier, the number terminal terminal air-conditione air-conditionerr units in guest rooms in a hotel can be vastly vastly reduced analyzing analyzing typical units and using multiplie multipliers. rs. When identifying identifying typical typical units, or when lumping units together, the criteria previously described for combining zones should be used. In addition, addition, units which use different components components or controls shou should ld not be lumped lumped together  together  since these differences will affect performance and energy consumption.



  Plant Data.   Opportunitie Opportunitiess for combi combining ning central plants such as chiller and boiler plants rarely exist, since buildings buildings typically typically contain one of each, if plants are used at all.

6.3 TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGIES This section describes general strategies used to investigate investigate energy analysis results. These investigations may be necessary when diagnosing problems or simply learning more about results generated by the  program. General strategies useful in a variety of situations will be described below. 1.   Investigate Investigate Input and Output Output Data.   When a question about resul results ts arises, generat generatee and inspect  printouts of pertinent input and simulation data. Checking input printouts often reveals input errors which cause incorrect results. In addition, checking and comparing printouts of simulation data often reveals the reason for results, or provides clues to simulation problems, as discussed below. Questions Quest ions frequently frequently arise about unusual building building energy cost results. results. Energ Energy y costs are the final,  bottom-line results of the energy analysis. Because costs are dependent on many factors, it is necess nec essary ary to gen generat eratee detail detailss sho showin wing g how the cos costs ts wer weree calcula calculated ted and interm intermedi ediate ate result resultss showing the performance of air systems and plants contributing to building energy consumption. The strategy should be to work backward from the final results to determine how they were derived. This work can be performed performed in two stages. First, generate generate detailed detailed building building outputs. outputs. The following following  building simulation reports aare re often useful: 



  Energy Budget by by System System Componen Component: t:   When complex complex rate structures structures are used, operating operating costs are not proportional to energy use due to the demand, fixed and tax charge components of the energy ene rgy bill. bill. Therefor Therefore, e, operating operating costs costs often often do not present present a clear clear pictur picturee of energy energy use by the  building.  buildi ng. Comparing Comparing only the botto bottom m line cost figures figures may obscure the energy performance performance of the  building.  buildi ng. The Energ Energy y Budge Budgett by System Component Component report lists annual energy energy use totals in common units (kBTU in English, kWh in Metric) and can be a better basis for comparison.   Monthly Monthly Energy Energy Use By System System Component Component::   This report lists mon month th by month energy use by  both system component and energy type. It provides more detailed information than the Energy

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Design Applications Budget report, listing energy use in billing units (e.g., kWh for electric, Therms for gas, etc..) for  each system system com compon ponent ent categ category ory.. This This mak makes es it much easier to mak makee direct direct comparis comparisons ons  between buildings and identify key differences in energy ener gy performance. 

  Billing Details: Details:   These reports documen documentt the individual individual charges contributin contributing g to the total electric and fuel bills. The reports also list the month monthly ly average price of energy, energy, energy consumption consumption totals, totals, monthly month ly demands and the time when each demand occurs. This data can be used to determine determine how the utility bill was calculated, and to identify factors contributing contributing to unusual unusual results. For example,

an unusual increase increase in costs may be due to a large peak demand demand in one month. month. This might might focus the investigation on equipment performance during the particular month with the large demand. If building reports do not reveal the cause of a problem, the second stage in the analysis is to investigat inves tigatee simulation simulation results for the plants and air systems in the building building.. Two ways of doing this are discussed below. 



  Monthly-Daily-Hourly Simulation Results.   One approac approach h is to first inspect the monthl monthly y report to identify months with unusual results, then inspect the daily report for that month to focus on the individual days with odd results, and finally inspect hourly reports for those days.   Hourly Graphics.   An alternate approac approach h is to generate hourl hourly y graphs for long sequences sequences of time in order ord er to pinpoi pinpoint nt portio portions ns of the yea yearr showin showing g unusua unusuall behavi behavior, or, and then generat generatee graphs graphs for  shorterr periods of time to investigate shorte investigate behavior behavior in greater detail. For example, example, cooling coil loads for  all 8,760 hours in the year can be included in one plot. This plot might might show times of year when when unusually unusu ally large or small cooling loads loads exist. The next step would be to generate generate graphs for these shorter periods of time to understand this behavior.

Using these strategies, problems can be efficiently investigated and diagnosed. 2.   Research Research Input Definitions and Calculation Calculation Procedur Procedures. es.   In many cases, thorough thorough knowledge knowledge of  how the program uses inputs and performs its energy simulations is necessary to understand program results resu lts.. Material Material in the prog program ram's 's on-line on-line help syste system m provid provides es this inform informati ation. on. The operatio operation n sections of the on-line help system discuss program inputs and explain how inputs are used by the  program. The documentation sections of the on-line help system explain calculation assumptions and  procedures. 3.   Perform Comparative Comparative Analyses. Analyses.   In so some me cases, cases, in inve vest stig igat atin ing g in inpu putt an and d ou outp tput ut data data,, an and d researching research ing calculation calculation procedures procedures are not sufficient sufficient to diagnose problems problems with results. results. In these situations, situat ions, various various types of comparativ comparativee analyses performed performed with the program can be helpful. helpful. The success of this technique depends on the user's ingenuity, knowledge of load, system and equipment  behavior, and knowledge of the program. A common example of how comparative analysis can be used is provided below. Example: Suppose unusual energy costs results are obtained and an investigation of program outputs show showss that that re resu sult ltss ar aree due due to pecu peculi liar ar ai airr sy syst stem em beha behavi vior or.. Th Thee ai airr sy syst stem em in qu ques esti tion on us uses es dehumidifica dehum idification tion control, control, a preheat preheat coil and an enthalpy economizer. economizer. Careful inspection inspection of monthly, monthly, daily and hourly simulation results does not reveal a logical reason for the results. Because it is possible behavior of one of the system components or unanticipated interaction between components is causing the results, a useful strategy is to run simulations for variations of the air  system to try to identify how how each component influences system performance. First make four copies of the air system. system. One should should represent a base case without without dehumidificat dehumidification ion control, control, a preheat preheat coil or an econom economize izer. r. The other other three copi copies es should should include include one of the extra compon component entss each. For  example, one system would include only the dehumidification control, one would include the preheat coil, coi l, and one would would inc includ ludee the economiz economizer. er. Generat Generatee air system system simula simulatio tion n report reportss for all four  four  systems syste ms and compare results. results. The comparison comparison will clearly clearly show the effect of each component component on system syste m behavior, behavior, and may allow you to determine determine the reason for the original original results. If not, it may be necessary to run simulations for simple combinations of components such as the economizer and dehumidifica dehum idification tion control, control, dehumidificatio dehumidification n control and the preheat coil, etc... Inspection Inspection of results for these simulations may reveal unanticipated interaction or conflicts between the components.

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Energy Analysis Applications

Chapter 6

6.4 SIMULATING PACKAGED ROOFTOP UNITS This section explains explains how to model model packaged packaged rooftop equipment equipment in energy energy simulations. simulations. This equipment equipment contains a supply fan, condenser fans, DX cooling apparatus and heating apparatus all in one packaged unit. Heating Heating options options are electric electric resistance, combusti combustion, on, heat pump and, in unusual cases, hot water or  steam. Modeling procedures are described below. below. 1.   Air Systems.   Def Define ine one air sy syste stem m per rooftop rooftop unit. If the buildi building ng contain containss multi multiple ple rooftops rooftops which are identical, serving identical or similar areas of the building, a single rooftop unit can be modeled model ed and a multiplier multiplier can be applied to account account for the total number of these units units.. Modeling Modeling tips:   

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  Specify the Equipment Class as "Packaged Rooftop Rooftop Unit"   Specify the appropriate system type and enter system data.   Define the performance characteristics of the DX cooling equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   If heat pump or combustion combustion heating is used, used, define performance performance characteristic characteristicss of the heating equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   If electric heat is used, no additional heating equipment equipment inputs are required.

2.   Plants.   It is not necessary to define a plant except in the unusual cases whe where re a hot water or steam heatin hea ting g coil has been been added added to the rooftop rooftop unit. unit. In these cases cases a hot water water or steam steam plant plant must be defined defi ned to serve these these coils. coils. The rooftop rooftop air system system will be linked linked to this this plant. plant. If a heatin heating g plant serves multiple systems, a single heating plant can be defined and all systems can be linked to it. 3.   Building.  If electric, combustion or heat pump heating is used, the air system is linked directly to the  building. A multiplier can be used if the rooftop represents one of a group of identical units. If hot water or steam heating is used, then both the heating plant and the rooftop air system must be linked to the building.

6.5 SIMULATING VERTICAL PACKAGED UNITS This section explains how to model model vertical packaged (VPAC) equipment equipment in energy simulations. The aircooled versio cooled version n of this this equ equipm ipment ent contai contains ns a supply supply fan fan,, conden condenser ser fans, fans, DX coo coolin ling g apparat apparatus us and heating heatin g apparatus all in one packaged indoor indoor unit; in some cases a remote condenser condenser is used. The watercooled version of this equipment contains a supply fan, DX cooling apparatus and heating apparatus in one packaged packaged indoor indoor unit. The water cooled condenser condenser is connec connected ted to a cooling cooling tower. Heating Heating options options include electric resistance, combustion, hot water and steam. Modeling procedures are described below below.. Systems. Systems. 1.   Air Defin Define e one air system system per vertical packaged packareas aged of unit. unithe t. building, If the building build ing contains cont ains multiple mul VPACs which  are identical, serving identical or similar a single VPAC unittiple can  be modeled and a multiplier can be applied to account for the total number of these units. Modeling tips:   

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  Specify the Equipment Class as "Packaged Vertical Unit"   Specify the appropriate system type and enter system data.   Define the performance characteristics of the DX cooling equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   For water-c water-cool ooled ed units, units, a cooling cooling tower tower must be define defined d and linked linked to the air system. system. This This is done using the "Miscellaneous Equipment" button on the Equipment Tab.   If combustion combustion heating is used, define performance characteristics of the the heating equipment equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   If electric heat is used, no additional heating equipment equipment inputs are required.

2.   Plants.   Plant equipment equipment is not needed unless unless hot water or steam heating is use used. d. In these case casess a hot water or steam plant must must be defined and the VPAC air system is link linked ed to this plant. If the heating heating  plant serves ser ves multiple air systems, a single heating plant can be defined def ined and all air systems linked to it.

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Chapter 6

Design Applications

3.   Building.   If electric or combustion combustion heating is used, the VPAC air system system is linked directly directly to the  building. A multiplier can be used if the VPAC represents one of a group of identical units. If hot water or steam heating is used, then both the heating plant and the VPAC air system must be linked to the building.

6.6 SIMULATING SPLIT DX AIR HANDLING UNITS This section explains explains how to model split DX air handling handling units in energy simulations simulations.. This equipm equipment ent includes includ es an indoor indoor unit con contai tainin ning g fans, fans, a DX coolin cooling g coil coil and heatin heating g apparat apparatus, us, plus an outdoo outdoor  r  conden con densin sing g unit. unit. Heatin Heating g option optionss includ includee ele electri ctricc resista resistance nce,, combus combustio tion, n, heat heat pump, pump, hot water water and steam. Modeling procedures are described below. below. 1.   Air Systems.   Define one air system per split DX air handler. If the buildin building g contains contains multiple multiple split units which are identical, serving identical or similar areas of the building, a single air handler can be modeled model ed and a multiplier multiplier can be applied to account account for the total number of these units units.. Modeling Modeling tips:   

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  Specify the Equipment Class as "Split DX AHU"   Specify the appropriate system type and enter system data.   Define the performance characteristics of the DX cooling equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   If heat pump or combustion combustion heating is used, defi define ne performance performance characteristic characteristicss of the equipment equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   If electric heat is used, no additional heating equipment equipment inputs are required.

2.   Plants.   Plant equipment equipment is not needed unless unless hot water or steam heating is use used. d. In these case casess a hot water or steam plant must be defined and the split DX air system is linked to this plant. If the heating  plant serves multiple air systems, a single heating plant can be defined and all the air systems linked to it. 3.   Building.   If heat pump, pump, combusti combustion on or electri electricc heat heat is used, the split split DX air handle handlerr is linked linked directly directl y to the building. building. A multiplier multiplier can be used if the split DX unit represents represents one of a group group of  identical identi cal units. If hot water or steam heating heating is used, then both the heating plant plant and the split DX air  system must be linked to the building.

6.7 SIMULATING CHILLED WATER AIR HANDLING UNITS This sectio This section n explai explains ns how to mod model el chi chille lled d water water air handling handling units units in energy simula simulatio tions. ns. Thi Thiss equipment includes fans, a chilled water cooling coil and heating apparatus in a packaged or built-up unit. Heating below. options include electric resistance, combustion, combustion, hot water and steam. Modeling procedures are described 1.   Air Systems.   Define one air syste system m per chilled water air handler handler.. Typically Typically these are larger larger system systemss which are unique. But in those situations situations where a building building contains contains multiple multiple chilled water water AHUs which are identical, serving identical or similar areas of the building, a single air handler can be defined define d and a multiplier multiplier can be applied to account account for the total number number of these units. Modeling Modeling tips:   

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  Specify the Equipment Class as "Chilled Water AHU"   Specify the appropriate system type and enter system data.   If combustion combustion heating is used, define performance performance characteristics characteristics of the equipment equipment using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window.   If hot water, water, steam or electric electric heat is used, used, no additio additional nal inputs inputs on the Equip Equipmen mentt Tab are required.

Changeover Systems. Changeover Systems.   If you you ar aree defi defini ning ng a 22-pi pipe pe ch chan ange geov over er sy syst stem em,, sp spec ecif ify y th thee ty type pe of  changeover chang eover control control using the Changeover Changeover Controller option on the Equipment Equipment Tab. Changeover Changeover can

 be based on a monthly schedule or outdoor air temperature threshold. These settings affect all cooling components using chilled water, and all heating components using hot water.

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Energy Analysis Applications

Chapter 6

When the monthly monthly schedule schedule option option is selected, make sure to specify the appropriate appropriate on/off schedules schedules in the Central Cooling, Central Heating, Precool Coil and/or Preheat Coil sections of the System Comp Compon onen ents ts ta tab, b, and and the the Su Supp pply ly Ter Termi mina nals ls an and d Zo Zone ne Heat Heatin ing g Unit Unitss secti section onss of th thee Zo Zone ne Components Comp onents tab. If the outdoor air temperature temperature thresho threshold ld option is selected, selected, you can set all the coil schedules to ON for 12 months, unless there are also specific times of year when cooling or heating is off, in which case the on/off on/off schedules can also be set. 2.   Plants.   Define a chilled water water plant to provi provide de chilled water water to the air handler handler cooling coils. coils. Plant options optio ns include chiller plants and remote chilled water (also known as district cooling). cooling). Typi Typically cally the chilled water water plant will serve serve two or more air handlers. When defin defining ing the plant, plant, link to all the air systems systems served served by the plant. plant. When When a system system represen represents ts one of a group group of identi identical cal systems systems,, a multiplier can be used when linking it to the plant. If the AHUs are linked to a changeover plant with reversible chillers, define a changeover plant. If hot water or steam heating is used, define a hot water or steam plant to provide heating to air  handler heating coils. Plant options include ho hott water plants (boilers or dedicated heat pumps), pumps), steam  boiler plants and remote (district) heating. Typically the hot water or steam plant will serve two or  more mo re air hand handle lers rs.. When When defini defining ng the plant, plant, link to al alll th thee ai airr sy syst stem emss serv served ed by the pl plan ant. t. A multiplier can be used if an air system represents one of a group of identical systems. 3.   Building.   Link the chilled chilled water AHU air system as well as the cooling plant plant and the heating plant (if used) to the building.

6.8 SIMULATING PACKAGED OR SPLIT DX FAN COIL UNITS This sectio This section n explai explains ns how to model model packaged packaged or split split DX fan coil units units in energy energy simulati simulations ons.. This This equipment equip ment includes Packaged Terminal Air Conditione Conditioners rs (PTACs), (PTACs), Packaged Packaged Terminal Terminal Heat Pumps (PTHPs), Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF), DX unit ventilators, room air conditioners, split DX fan coils,, ductless split units and other similar product coils products. s. The packaged packaged version of the equipment equipment contains a supply sup ply fan, air-coole air-cooled d DX coo coolin ling g apparat apparatus us and heating heating apparatus apparatus in one packaged packaged unit. unit. The split version of the equipment contains a supply fan, DX cooling coil and heating apparatus in an indoor unit  plus an outdoor condensing unit. Heating options include electric resistance, combustion, heat pump, hot water and steam. Modeling procedures are described below. 1.   Air Systems. Systems.   Define Define one air system for the entire entire collect collection ion of DX fan coil units. units. HAP will model model each zone in the system system as containing one fan coil unit. Loads for each zone and the perform performance ance of  each zone's zone's fan coil unit will be performed separately. separately. Loads and energy energy use are then summed to obtain system totals which are displayed on the the simulation reports. Modeling tips:  

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  Specify th e Equipment Equip mentTy Class "Terminal U nits"Fan Coil", Sp Spec ecify ify the the Sy Syst stem em Type pe asas"Pack "Pa ckag aged ed Units" DX Coil", "Spl "Split it DX Fan Fan Co Coil il"" or "Varia "Variabl blee Refrigerant Flow" and enter system data.   Define performance characteristics of the DX cooling equipm equipment ent using the Equipment Tab on the Air System window. window. Be sure to define performance performance data for all zone fan coils.   If heat pump or combustion combustion heating is used, defi define ne performance performance characteristic characteristicss of the equipment equipment using the Equipmen Equipmentt Tab on the Air System window. window. Again, Again, be sure to define performanc performancee for  all zones.   If electric heat is used, no additional heating equipment equipment inputs are required.   If the number number of fan coil unit unitss exceed exceedss the number number of zones zones permitte permitted d in a sy syste stem, m, then an additional system will be required to accommodate the extra fan coils.

2.   Plants.   If heat pump, combusti combustion on or electric heat is used then no plant equipm equipment ent is required. If hot water or steam heating is used, a hot water or steam plant must be defined and must link to the fan coil air system. system. If the heating plant plant serves multiple multiple air systems, systems, a single plant can be defined defined and linked to all air systems containing hot water or steam coils. 3.   Building.  If electric resistance, heat pump or combustion heating is used, link the air system directly to the buildi building ng.. If hot water or ste steam am heating heating is used, link both both the sy syste stem m and the plant plant to the  building.

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Note:   Fan coil coil sy syste stems ms are good good can candid didate atess for the reduct reduction ion techni technique quess discus discussed sed in section section 6.2. 6.2. Howeve How ever, r, if you use these these techni technique quess to reduce reduce input input and calculatio calculation n time, time, pla planni nning ng is req requir uired ed to account for the correct number of fan coil units in the building.

Example: A hotel is being studied which has 75 identical fan coil zones on the south face of the building, 62 identical identical fan coil zones on the north face of the building building and 48 fan coil zones which are uniq unique. ue. In this situation situation it may be best to define three air systems. systems. System System #1 would contain 48 zon zones es holding holding the 48 fan coil units that are uniq unique. ue. System System #2 would contain only one zone representing representing the the typical southsouthfacing zone. zone. System System #3 would contain contain only one zone repres representin enting g the typical north-fa north-facing cing zone. zone. When linking systems to the building a system multiplier of 1 would be used for system #1, a multiplier of 75 would wou ld be used used for system system #2 and a multi multipli plier er of 62 would would be used used for system system #3. This This is nec necess essary ary  because multipliers are applied at the system level when linking systems to plants and buildings. An alternate approach is to lump identical fan coils together rather than defining a single typical unit for  each. This means that the 75 south facing fan coil zones wou would ld be combined, combined, using a space multiplier multiplier of  75. The cooling and heating heating equipme equipment nt inputs would define define full load capacity and input input power values that are the  sum  of the 75 fan coil capacities and input powers rather than the actual capacity and power  for one representative representative unit. This approach approach would allow the typical north and typical south zone zoness to be included in System #1 with the 48 unique zones while still correctly accounting for the total loads and energy use of these fan coil units.

6.9 SIMULATING HYDRONIC FAN COIL UNITS Thiss sectio Thi section n explai explains ns how to mo model del hydronic hydronic fan coil coil units units in energy energy simulat simulation ions. s. This This equipm equipment ent contains contai ns a supply supply fan, a chilled chilled water water coil coil and a heatin heating g coil in one packag packaged ed indoor indoor unit. unit. Heatin Heating g options include hot water, water, steam and electric resistance. Modeling procedures are described below below.. 1.   Air Systems.   Defin Definee one air system for the entire collection collection of hydronic hydronic fan coils. HAP will model model each zone in the system system as containing one fan coil unit. Loads for each zone and the perform performance ance of  each zone's zone's fan coil unit will be performed separately. separately. Loads and energy energy use are then summed to obtain system totals which are displayed on the the simulation reports. Modeling tips:   

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  Specify the the Equipment Equipment Class as "Terminal Units" Units"   Specify the System System Type as "2-Pipe Fan Coil" or "4-Pipe Fan Coil" and enter system system data.   If hot water, steam or electric heat is used, no additi additional onal inpu inputs ts are required on the Equipmen Equipmentt Tab.   If the number number of fan coil unit unitss exceed exceedss the number number of zones zones permitte permitted d in a sy syste stem, m, then an additional system will be required to accommodate the extra fan coils.

Fo Forr 22-Pi Pipe pe Fa Fan n Coil Coil Chan Change geov over er sy syst stem ems, s, sp spec ecif ify y th thee ty type pe of ch chan ange geov over er co cont ntro roll us usin ing g th thee Cha Change ngeov over eroutdoor Contro Controlle ller option option on threshold. the Equi Equipme pment nt tab. schedule or airr temperature

Change Changeov over er can be based based on a monthl monthly y

When the monthly monthly schedule schedule option option is selected, make sure to specify the appropriate appropriate on/off schedules schedules in the Common Data section of the Zone Components tab, and in the Cooling Coil and Heating Coil sections sectio ns of the Vent System Componen Components ts tab if a common ventilatio ventilation n system is used. If the outdoor  outdoor  air temperature threshold option is selected, you can set all the coil schedules to ON for 12 months, unless there are also specific times of year when cooling or heating is off, in which case the on/off  schedules can also be set. 2.   Plants.   Define Define a chi chille lled d water plant to provide provide chilled chilled water to the fan coil units. units. Plant Plant options options include chiller plants and remote chilled water (district cooling). If the fan coils are linked to a changeover plant with reversible chillers, define a changeover plant. If hot water or steam heating is used, define a hot water or steam plant to provide heat to fan coil system syste m heating heating coils. Plant options include hot water plants (boilers or dedicated dedicated heat pumps), pumps), steam  boiler plants and remote (district) heating.

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If electric resistance heating is used then no heating plant is required; electric heat energy use will be included in the air system calculations. 3.   Building.   Link the hydronic hydronic fan coil system as well as the cooling plant and the heatin heating g plant (if  used) to the building. Note:  Fan coil systems systems are good candidates candidates for the reduction techniques techniques discussed discussed in section 6.2. Please refer to the note at the end of section 6.8 for a discussion of special considerations when reducing the

number of fan coil units modeled. Simulating Induction Beam and Active Chilled Beam Systems

6.10 SIMULATING INDUCTION BEAM AND ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM SYSTEMS This topic explains how to model induction beam and active chilled beam systems in energy simulations. Th Thes esee syst system emss cons consis istt of a dedi dedica cate ted d outd outdoo oorr ai airr sy syst stem em (D (DOA OAS) S) whic which h pr prov ovid ides es co cool oled ed an and d dehumidifie dehum idified d air to ceiling-m ceiling-mounte ounted d induction induction terminals terminals in each conditioned conditioned zone. Induction Induction beams are total cooling devices which include a drain pan and therefore can serve both sensible and latent loads in the zone. Active Active chilled beams are sensible-on sensible-only ly cooling devic devices es which can only serve serve the zone sensible sensible load. Both types types of termi terminals nals can also provide provide heating. Modeling Modeling procedures procedures are described below. below. 1. Air System Systems. s. Define one air system representin representing g the DOAS system system and all the induction induction beam (IB) or  active chilled beam (ACB) terminals it serves. HAP will model each zone in the system as containing IB or ACB terminal. Loads for each zone and the performance of each zone's IB or ACB terminal will be performed performed separately. separately. Loads are then summed to obtain system totals which are displayed displayed on the simulation reports. Modeling tips: a. Specify Specify the Equipment Equipment Class as "Terminal "Terminal Units" Units"  b. Specify the System Type as "Induction " Induction Beam" or "Active Chilled Beam" and enter system data. c. If the system system is a 2-pipe cooling cooling and heati heating ng system, system, specify specify the type of changeover changeover control control using using the Changeover Changeover Controller Controller option on the Equipment Equipment tab. Changeove Changeoverr can be based on a monthly monthly schedule or outdoor air temperature threshold. When Whe n the monthl monthly y schedu schedule le option option is sel select ected, ed, make make sure sure to specify specify the approp appropriat riatee on/off  on/off  schedules in the Common Data section of the Zone Components tab, and in the Cooling Coil and Heating Coil sections of the Vent System Components tab if a common ventilation system is used used.. If the the outd outdoo oorr air te temp mpera eratu ture re thre thresh shol old d op opti tion on is sele selecte cted, d, yo you u ca can n set set all the co coil il schedules to ON for 12 months, unless there are also specific times of year when cooling or  heating is off, in which case the on/off schedules can also be set. d. If the numbe numberr of IB or ACB terminals terminals exceeds exceeds the number number of zones permitted permitted in a system, system, then an additional system will be required to accommodate the extra zones. 2. Plan Plants ts.. a. For application applicationss using separate separate cooling cooling and heating heating plants, plants, first define define a chiller plant plant or a remote chille chi lled d water water (di (distr strict ict cooling) cooling) plant to provid providee chi chille lled d water water to system system cooling cooling coils. coils. Then Then define a hot water plant or remote hot water plant to provide hot water to system heating coils.  b. For 2-pipe changeover applications using reversible chillers, define a changeover plant to provide  both chilled water and hot water to coils in the system. Typically these plants will serve two or more air systems. When defining the plant, link to all the air systems systems served by the plant. When a system represents represents one of a group of identical sys systems, tems, a multiplier can be used when linking it to the plant. 3. Build Building. ing. Link the the chilled water water and hot water plants, plants, or the changeover changeover plant to the building. building.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 6

Design Applications

6.11 SIMULATING WATER SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS This section explains how to model water source heat pump (WSHP) systems in energy simulations. These The se systems systems consist consist of a number number of heat heat pump pump units units connecte connected d to a common common water water loop. loop. Heat Heat is rejected reje cted from the loop through through a coolin cooling g tower and heat is add added ed by a hot water water boiler. boiler. Modeli Modeling ng  procedures are described below. 1.   Air Systems.   Define one air syst system em for the entire collection collection of WSHP units. HAP will will model each zone in the system as containin containing g one WSHP unit. Loads for each zone zone and the performanc performancee of each zone'ss WSHP will be performed zone' performed separately. separately. Interaction Interaction of the WSHP units via the common common water  loop will also be analyzed. analyzed. Loads and energy use for the individ individual ual WSHP units are then summ summed ed to obtain system totals which are displayed on the the simulation reports. Modeling tips:   

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  Specify the the Equipment Equipment Class as "Terminal Units" Units"   Specify the System System Type as "Water Source Heat Pumps" and enter system data.   Define performanc performancee characteristics characteristics of the WSHP units for both cooling duty duty and heating duty duty using the Equipment Equipment Tab on the Air System window. window. Be sure to define performance performance data for all WSHP units.   Also enter system informatio information n using the "Miscellaneou "Miscellaneouss Equipment" Equipment" button on the Equipment Equipment tab to define the cooling tower and boiler used and the loop setpoints.   When When a commo common n ven ventil tilatio ation n unit is used, used, it can be designat designated ed as a WSHP unit, or as an AirCooled Coole d DX unit. When used, performance performance of the cooling and heating heating apparatus apparatus in the vent unit must be defined using the Vent Cooling and Vent Heating buttons on the Equipment tab.   If the number number of WSHP WSHP units units exceeds exceeds the number number of zones zones permitte permitted d in a syste system, m, then an additional system will be required to accommodate the extra WSHP units.

2.   Plants.   No plant plant needs to be define defined d for this type of equi equipm pment ent.. All equ equipm ipment ent energy energy use is accounted for in air system calculations. 3.   Building.  Link the WSHP air system to the building. WSHP system systemss are good good candid candidate atess for the reducti reduction on techni technique quess discus discussed sed in sectio section n 6.2. 6.2. Note:   WSHP However, because all WSHP units in a single system are connected to a common loop, it is important to use a "lumping" technique to reduce the number of WSHP units modeled rather than modeling single "typical" units. Example: A hotel is being studied which has 30 identical WSHP zones on the south face of the building, 25 identical identical WSHP zones on the north face of the building and 28 WSHP zone zoness which are unique. In this situation it may be best to still define one air system so all 83 heat pump units can be connected to a common comm on water loop. The first 28 zones in the system could could represent represent the WSHP zones which are unique. Zone Zone 29 would would represent represent a com combin binati ation on of the 30 ide identi ntical cal WSHP units in sou south th facing rooms. rooms. Thi Thiss means the full load capacity and input power for this WSHP unit would be the sum for the 30 identical unit units. s. Also Also,, the the sp space ace mul multi tipl plie ierr for for this this zon zonee woul would d be 30. Fina Finall lly, y, zone zone 30 would would repres represen entt a combination of the 25 identical WSHP units in north facing rooms. rooms. Its space multiplier would be 25. If the alternate approach of defining one typical south room WSHP and one typical north room WSHP had been used, these two WSHP units would have to be put into separate air systems so the total number  of WSHP units in the building could be accounted for using system multipliers when linking to the  building. But placing the WSHP units in separate systems disconnects them from the common water  loop loo p used used by the 28 uni unique que WSHP units units which which invali invalidat dates es the system system analys analysis is for the water water loop. loop. Therefore modeling single "typical" units is not valid approach for analyzing WSHP loop systems.

6.12 SIMULATING GROUND WATER AND GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS This section explains how to model ground water source heat pump (GWSHP) and Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) (GSHP) systems in energy simulations simulations.. These systems systems consist of a number number of heat pump units con connec nected ted to athe water wat er loop. loop . In a GWSHP GWS HP system system source sourcewell water wator er aishorizontal drawn from froburied m a well, wel l, river rive r or lake. lake. In a GSHP system heat source/sink is a vertical borehole heat exchanger.

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The modeling procedures for these types of equipment are nearly identical to those described in section 6.11. The exception is that instead of mode modeling ling a cooling tower and auxiliary auxiliary boiler, the heat source/sin source/sink  k  is modeled using the "river / sea / well water" option in which average source water temperatures are defined define d for each month of the year. Auxiliary Auxiliary heat is assumed to be electric.

6.13 SIMULATING CHILLED WATER PLANTS This section explains explains how to model chilled water plants in energy energy simulations. simulations. The program simulates simulates three types of chilled water plants: 

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  In a chiller plant, a group of one or more chillers operate operate to provide provide chilled water to cooling cooling coils coils in one or more air handling unit or fan coil systems.   In a change changeove overr plant, plant, revers reversibl iblee air-to air-to-w -wate aterr (A2W) (A2W) or waterwater-toto-wat water er (W2W) (W2W) chille chillers rs provid providee chilled water and hot water to 2-pipe coils in air handlers or fan coils.   In a remote chilled water water system, chil chilled led water is supplied to air systems systems from an external sou source, rce, such as a district cooling system. Modeling procedures are described below.

1.   Air Systems. Define one or more more air sy syste stems ms contain containing ing chilled chilled water water coolin cooling g coils coils using using the Systems.   Define  procedures described in the previous sections. 2.   Plants.   Define a chilled water or changeover changeover plant serving these air sy systems. stems. Modeling tips:  

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Specify Type as "Chiller Plant", Plant" or "Remote Chilled   Chille Chi llers rs the andPlant coolin cooling g towers (if used) can"Changeover be created created while whi le you are enteri entering ng theWater". plant via the "create new..." options or can be defined prior to entering data for a chiller plant.   If steam absorption absorption chillers chillers are used, used, users have a choice choice of modelin modeling g a boiler to generate generate steam for the chillers, or using steam from a remote source such as waste steam. When using a boiler, it can be created while you are entering the plant via the "create new boiler" option or it can be defined prior to entering data for the chiller plant.   Use the Systems Systems tab in the Plant window window to link the pla plant nt to the set of air systems in the the building building which use chilled water cooling coils. The plant will serve the combined load of all these cooling coils. A changeover changeover plant plant will also serve the hot water water coil loads for these systems systems..   For chiller plants and changeover changeover plants, use the Co Configuration nfiguration tab in the Plant window to define the con config figura uratio tion n and control control of the pla plant. nt. Use the Schedu Schedule le of Equipm Equipment ent tab to lin link k the necessary chillers, cooling towers and boilers to the plant.   Fo Forr any any of the the plan plantt type typess us usee the the Dist Distrib ribut utio ion n Ta Tab b to defin definee ch char aract acter eris isti tics cs of th thee wa wate ter  r  distribution system and its pumps.   If you define define a chiller chiller or a remote remote chilled chilled water water plant, plant, you will need to define define a separa separate te hot water or steam heating is provided provid edthe from those and sources. If you define changeove chang eoverr plant, then that single plant plant if will provide for both cooling heating needs of thea air systems.   If reversible reversible chillers chillers are used, it may be necessary necessary to provide provide a source source of auxiliary auxiliary heat. Options Options for describing describing and controlling controlling auxiliary heat are provided on the Configurat Configuration ion tab. The source of auxiliary heat is specified on the Schedule of Equipment tab and can be a hot water boiler or  remote source hot water.

3.   Building.   Link the chilled chilled water plant to the building. building. This will include include its energy energy use in energy cost calculations.

6.14 SIMULATING HOT WATER AND STEAM PLANTS This sectio This section n explai explains ns how to model model hot water water and steam plants plants in energy energy simula simulatio tions. ns. The program program simulates four types of heating plants: 

  In a Hot Water plant, plant, boi boilers lers,, air-toair-to-wat water er (A2W) (A2W) or water-towater-to-wat water er (W2W) (W2W) heat pumps pumps or a combination of these equipment types provide hot water to one or more air handling unit or fan coil systems.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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Chapter 6 

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Design Applications

  In a Remote Hot Water Water plant, hot water water is supplied supplied to air system system coils from from an external external source, such such a district heating system.   In a Steam Boiler plant, steam boilers supply steam to coils in one or more air systems. systems.   In a Remote Remote Stea Steam m plant, plant, steam is suppli supplied ed to air system system coils from from an external external source, source, such as a district steam system.

Modeling procedures are described below. Air Systems. 1.    procedures   Define Defineinone more airsections. systems systems containing containing hot water or steam heating heating coils using the described theor previous

2.   Plants.   Define Define a hot water plant or a steam plant serving serving these air syst systems. ems. Modeling Modeling tips:   







 

  For hot water, water, specify the the Plant Type Type as "Hot Water Plant" Plant" or "Remot "Remotee Hot Water".   For steam, specify the Plant Type as "Steam Boiler Boiler Plant" or "Remote Steam".   Boilers Boilers and A2W or W2W heat pumps can be defined defined at the same time yo you u create the plan plantt using the "create new ..." option in the equipment drop-down list, or can be defined prior to entering the plant.   Use the Systems Systems tab in the Plant window window to link the pla plant nt to the set of air systems in the the building building which use hot water heating coils or steam coils. The plant will serve the combined load of all these heating heating coils. A changeover changeover plant will also supply the combined chill chilled ed water coil loads for these systems.   Use the Configuratio Configuration n tab in the Plant window to define the number number of boilers or heat pu pumps mps in the plant, plant, the method method of contro controll and and,, for hot water water plants plants,, the metho method d of hot water supply supply temperature control.   For hot water plants use the Distribution tab to define characteristics of the hot water distribution system and its pumps.   For steam plants use the Distribution tab to define the pipe heat loss loss factor.   If heat pumps pumps are used, it may may be necessary necessary to provide provide a source source of auxiliary auxiliary heat. heat. Options Options for  defini def ining ng and contro controlli lling ng auxil auxiliary iary heat are provid provided ed on the Configu Configurati ration on tab. The source source of  auxiliary heat is specified on the Schedule of Equipment tab and can be a hot water boiler or  remote source hot water.

3.   Building.   Link Link the heatin heating g plant to the buildi building ng.. Thi Thiss will include include its energy energy use in energy energy cost cost calculations.

6.15 SIMULATING HEAT RECOVERY PLANTS Thiss sectio Thi section n explain explainss how to mo model del heat recover recovery y pla plants nts in energy energy simulat simulation ions. s. The program program heat recovery plants using six types of heat recovery schemes:      

           

Dedicated heat recovery recovery chiller in parallel with with cooling-only cooling-only chillers. Air-cooled chillers with water-cooled heat recovery condenser. Heat exchanger in condenser water loop. loop. Dedicated heat recovery chiller in condenser loop. loop. Air-cooled or water-cooled water-cooled chillers with with desuperheaters Double-bundle chillers.

Modeling procedures are described below. 1.   Air Systems.  Define one or more air systems containing chilled water cooling coils and/or hot water  heating coils using the procedures described in the previous sections. 2.   Plants.   Define Define a “heat “heat recovery recovery plant” plant” serving serving these these air systems systems.. A “heat recovery recovery plant” plant” is a special type of plant in HAP which combines all of the equipment of a chilled water plant, a hot water plant and the heat recovery recovery plant into one. Modeling Modeling tips: 



  Specify Specify Plant Plant Type Type as “Heat Recov Recovery ery Plant” Plant” pm the General General Tab in the Plant Properti Properties es window.   Use the System Systemss tab in the Plant window window to link the plant plant to the set of air systems systems which which use chilled water cooling and/or hot water cooling coils.

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  Use the Service Hot Water tab to define service water water heating loads and equipment if applicable.   Use the Configuration Configuration tab to define define the number of chillers and boilers boilers in the plant, the meth methods ods of control and, the type of heat recovery used.   On the Schedule of Equipment Equipment tab choose or create the chillers, chillers, boilers and heat reco recovery very units units includ inc luded ed in the plant. plant. When When lin linkin king g hea heatt reco recover very y equipment equipment,, it must match the type of hea heatt recovery specified. For example, if you specified “Double-Bundle “Double-Bundle Chiller” heat recovery recovery,, then at least one of the chillers selected or created must specify that double bundle heat recovery is  present.   On the the Dist Distrib ribut utio ion n ta tab, b, sp speci ecify fy the the conf config igur urat atio ions ns fo forr th thee ch chil illed led wate waterr an and d ho hott wate water  r  distribution loops and the performance of the pumps.   On the Source Water tab specify the configuratio configuration, n, controls controls and performance performance of pumps in the condenser water loop.

3.   Building.   Link the heat recovery recovery plant to the building. building. This will include include its energy use use in energy cost calculations.

6.16 MODELING UTILITY RATE STRUCTURES This section explains explains how to use the program to model utility rate structures in energy simu simulation lations. s. The term "utility rate" refers to the pricing structure a utility uses when billing for electric energy use or fuel use in a building. building. Utility Utility rate data is used by HAP HAP when calculatin calculating g energy costs. costs. HAP deal dealss with two distinct types of utility rates: 



  Electric Rates  define pricing structures for electric energy use and demand.   Fuel Rates   define the pricing structures for natural gas, fuel oil, propane, remote chilled water, remote hot water and remote steam.

While data is defined in the program in two separate data categories (one for electric and one for fuel),  both types of utility rates use the same terminology and input items and the same application concepts. The following discussions will use electric rates for examples, but the concepts apply equal to electric and fuel rates.

6.16.1 Basic Concepts Concepts Individual utility companies charge for energy use, fuel use and demand in widely different ways and use vastly vast ly different termino terminology logy in stating their pricing structures. structures. This presents a challenge challenge for developing developing one consistent approach to modeling utility rate structures in the program. HAP uses a modular modular approach to me meet et this this chal challe leng nge. e. Th Thee prog program ram prov provid ides es bu buil ildi ding ng bl bloc ocks ks re repr pres esen enti ting ng th thee co comm mmon on bi bill llin ing g mechanism mecha nismss for energy, energy, demand, demand demand determination determination and miscellaneous miscellaneous charges. charges. The user is able to  pick and choose among these building blocks to assemble a utility rate model that best represents the  pricing structure used for their building. The key elements in successfully using the utility rate modeling features in HAP are: 1. Recog Recognizin nizing g the separate billing mechanis mechanisms ms used in your utility rate structure structure and matching matching them to the corresponding building blocks offered by HAP. 2. Under Understandi standing ng the common common terminology terminology used used by HAP and relating this to the specific term terminolo inology gy used by your utility company. The following subsections discuss terminology and building blocks involved with the three common compon com ponent entss of a commer commercial cial buildi building ng utilit utility y bill: bill: ene energy rgy or fuel fuel charge charges, s, demand demand charge charges, s, demand demand determ det ermina inatio tion. n. Each Each subsect subsection ion below will will def define ine ter terms, ms, provide provide exampl examples es of the com commo mon n billin billing g mechan mec hanism ismss and show examples examples of how data would be input input in HAP. Furthe Furtherr inform informati ation on on these these subjects can be found in the program's on-line help system in the sections dealing with utility rate inputs and energy cost calculations.

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6.16.2 Energy and Fuel Charges An "energy charge" is the component of the electric bill that charges for energy consumption measured in kWh. In a fuel bill, it is the component component that charges charges for fuel consumption consumption measured measured in units defined defined by the utility. utility. Nearly all utility rates include include an energy energy or fuel charge; charge; many include nothing nothing but an energy or fuel charge. HAP is able to model the five most common common types of energy and fuel charg charges. es. Utility Utility rates will never  never  refer the charges charg es using names shown Instead Instead these areof simply descr descriptiv iptive e names that are handytowhen explaining explaining thethe pricing structures stru ctures.below. . To decide which kind energy energy or fuel charge you have, match the charge defined on your utility rate sheet with one of the following. Flat Price.   This pricing structure structure uses a flat cost/kWh cost/kWh price for all times, or specific periods such as seasons or time-of-day periods.

Sample Utility Rate Statement:  All kWh during summer billing months ........................... .................. ......... 0.077 $/kWh  All kWh during winter billing months........................ months..... ......................... ...... 0.049 $/kWh

Example: During one summer summer billing month 40000 kWh kWh is used. The energy charge is calculated as: kWh Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

All

40000 kWh

x

0.077 $/kWh

=

$3080

Total Energy Charge = $3080 Program Progr am Input: Use the "Standard" "Standard" energy charge type. type. For fuel rates, all fuel charges are "standar "standard". d". Specify Specif y one step for each fixed fixed price item. item. For this example, example, the inputs inputs would would be as follows. follows. Note th that at in HAP the energy or fuel quantity "9999999" is used to designate "all". Season

Period

Block Size

Block Units

Price

Summer

All

9999999

kWh

0.07700

Winter

All

9999999

kWh

0.04900

Declining Block.   This pricing struc structure ture uses different energy or fuel prices for different different "blocks" "blocks" of  energy energ y or fuel that are consumed. Generally Generally the price declines with each succeeding succeeding blo block, ck, hence the name "declining block".

Sample Utility Rate Statement:  For the first 8000 kWh................... kWh ...................................... .................................. ............... 0.101 $/kWh  For the next 15000 kWh............................. kWh........... ..................................... ...................... ... 0.063 $/kWh  For all remaining kWh............................ kWh......... ...................................... ......................... ...... 0.044 $/kWh

Example: During one billing month 40000 kWh is used. The energy charge is calculated as: kWh Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

1-8000

8000 kWh

x

0.101 $/kWh

=

$808

8001-23000

15000 kWh

x

0.063 $/kWh

=

$945

23001-40000

17000 kWh

x

0.044 $/kWh

=

$748

=

$2501

Total Energy Charge

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Program Input: Use the "Standard" Program "Standard" energy charge type. type. For fuel rates, all fuel charges are "standar "standard". d". Specify Specif y one step for each block in the pricing pricing structure. structure. For this example, example, the inputs would be: Season

Period

Block Size

Block Units

Price

All

All

8000

kWh

0.101

All

All

15000

kWh

0.063

All All 9999999 kWh 0.044 structure cture is the same as "Declining "Declining Block" above, above, except that the block  Demand Block.   This pricing stru sizes vary each month based on the billing demand demand for that month. month. Therefore Therefore the block sizes have units of energy/dem energy/demand and such as kWh/kW. kWh/kW. In some cases the uni units ts are referred to as “hours use”. use”. This pricing pricing structure is rarely seen for fuel charges Sample Utility Rate Statement:  For the first 150 kWh/kW demand ................................... ................ ................... 0.085 $/kWh  For the next 100 kWh/kW demand ................................... ................ ................... 0.062 $/kWh  For all additional kWh............................... kWh............. ..................................... ...................... ... 0.038 $/kWh

Example: During Example: During one billing month month the billing demand demand is 200 kW and 60000 kWh is used. The energy charge is calculated as: kWh Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

1-30000 30001-50000

30000 kWh 20000 kWh

x x

0.085 $/kWh 0.062 $/kWh

= =

$2550 $1240

50001-60000

10000 kWh

x

0.038 $/kWh

=

$380

=

$4170

Total Energy Charge

Program Input: Use the "Standard" Program "Standard" energy charge type. type. For fuel rates, all fuel charges are "standar "standard". d". Specify Specif y one step for each block in the pricing pricing structure. structure. For this example, example, the inputs would be:

Season

Period

Block Size

Block Units

Price

All

All

150

kWh/kW

0.085

All

All

100

kWh/kW

0.062

All All 9999999 kWh/kW 0.038 Mixed Block.   The "Mixed Block" charge combines elements elements of both "Declining "Declining Block" and "Demand Block" Blo ck".. It contains contains a mixtur mixturee of block blockss of fixed size and blocks blocks with size varying varying based based on billing billing demand. deman d. Therefore, Therefore, in an electric rate, some blocks blocks have kWh units and others have have units of kWh/kW or  “hourss use”. This pricing structure “hour structure is sometimes sometimes used for electric energy energy charges but is uncommon uncommon for  fuel charges. Sample Utility Rate Statement:  For the first 150 kWh/kW demand ................................... ................ ................... 0.075 $/kWh  For the next 15000 kWh............................. kWh........... ..................................... ...................... ... 0.050 $/kWh  For the next 100 kWh/kW demand ................................... ................ ................... 0.047 $/kWh  For all additional kWh............................... kWh............. ..................................... ...................... ... 0.042 $/kWh

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Example: During Example: During one billing month month the billing demand demand is 120 kW and 50000 kWh is used. The energy charge is calculated as: kWh Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

1-18000

18000 kWh

x

0.075 $/kWh

=

$1350

18001-33000

15000 kWh

x

0.050 $/kWh

33001-45000 45001-50000

12000 kWh 5000 kWh

x x

0.047 $/kWh 0.042 $/kWh

Total Energy Charge

$750 = =

$564 $210

=

$2874

Program Input: Use the "Standard" Program "Standard" energy charge type. type. For fuel rates, all fuel charges are "standar "standard". d". Specify Specif y one step for each block in the pricing pricing structure. structure. For this example, example, the inputs would be: Season

Period

Block Size

Block Units

Price

All

All

150

kWh/kW

0.075

All

All

15000

kWh

0.050

All

All

100

kWh/kW

0.047

All

All

9999999

kWh

0.042

Compound Block.  The "Compound Block" charge uses a two-tier block structure shown in the example  below. The first tier contains demand blocks which are used with the billing demand each month to establish a series of large energy blocks. These first tier blocks are subdiv subdivided ided into smaller energy blocks each with a separate separate price. Compound Compound Block charges charges are infrequently infrequently seen in electric rate structures. They are currently not used for fuel charges.

Sample Utility Rate Statement:  For the first 125 kWh/kW demand   For the first 3000 kWh ................................. ............... ............................... ............. 0.087 $/kWh  For the next 87000 kWh ..................................... ................... ......................... ....... 0.043 $/kWh  For the all additional kWh .................. ..................................... ...................... ... 0.034 $/kWh  For the next 200 kWh/kW demand   For the first 6000 kWh ................................. ............... ............................... ............. 0.060 $/kWh  For the next 85000 kWh ..................................... ................... ......................... ....... 0.044 $/kWh  For the all additional kWh .................. ..................................... ...................... ... 0.042 $/kWh  For all over 325 kWh/kW demand   For all kWh....................................... kWh.................... ..................................... ......................... ....... 0.039 $/kWh

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Example: During one billing Example: billing month the billing demand demand is 500 kW and 200000 kWh is used. The energy charge is calculated as: kWh Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

 First 125 kWh/kW 

62500 kWh

1-3000

3000 kWh

x

0.087 $/kWh

=

$261.00

3001-62500

59500 kWh

x

0.043 $/kWh

=

$2558.50

 Next 200 kWh/kW 

100000 kWh

1-6000

6000 kWh

x

0.060 $/kWh

=

$360.00

6001-100000

94000 kWh

x

0.044 $/kWh

=

$4136.00

 All Above 325 kWh/kW 

37500 kWh

1-37500

37500 kWh

x

0.039 $/kWh

=

$1462.50

=

$8778.00

To Tottal Energy Charge

Program Input: Use the "Compound Program "Compound Block" energy charge type type.. Specify Specify one step for each first tier and second secon d tier line item in the in the pricing structure. structure. For this exampl example, e, the inputs would be: Block Type Demand

Season All

Period All

Block Size 125

Block Units kWh/kW

Price -

Energy

Al l

All

3000

kWh

0.087

Energy

Al l

All

87000

kWh

0.043

Energy

Al l

All

9999999

kWh

0.034

Demand

All

All

200

kWh/kW

-

Energy Energy

Al l Al l

All All

6000 95000

kWh kWh

0.060 0.044

Energy

Al l

All

9999999

kWh

0.042

Demand

All

All

9999999

kWh/kW

-

Energy

Al l

All

9999999

kWh

0.039

6.16.3 Demand Charges A "demand charge" is imposed for the peak power use during a month rather than for total energy consumpti consu mption. on. Utility Utility companies companies typically typically impose a demand demand charge in addition addition to the energy charge. While nearly all electric and fuel rate structures contain an energy or fuel charge, only certain rates include inclu de a demand demand charge. Demand Demand charges are simpler than energy energy charges in that there are only two types. type s. Each is described described below below charge structure uses a flat cost/demand cost/demand price for all times, times, or specific specific periods Flat Price.   This demand charge such as seasons or time-of-day periods. Sample Utility Rate Statement:  All kW of on-peak demand during summer months ........... 10.45 $/kW   All kW of mid-peak demand during summer months ........... 8.65 $/kW   All kW of on-peak demand during winter months ............... .. ............. 7.40 $/kW 

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Example: During one summer billing month the demand for on-peak hours is 370 kW and demand for  mid-peak midpeak hours hours is 207 kW. The demand charge charge is calculated as: kW Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

All

370 kW

x

10.45

=

$3866.50

All

207 kW

x

8.65

=

$1790.55

To Tottal Deman emand d Charge = $5657.05 Program Input: The number of steps entered in the demand charge is determined by the number of flat  price periods. In this example, three steps are ar e required: r equired: Season

Period

Block Size

Block Units

Price

Summer

Peak

9999999

kW

10.45

Summer

Mid-Peak

9999999

kW

8.65

Winter

Peak

9999999

kW

7.40

Stepped.   This pricing structure structure uses different different demand prices for successive successive "bloc "blocks" ks" of demand. This  pricing structure is similar to the declining block energy charge.

Sample Utility Rate Statement:  For the the next first 50 demand..... ........................... ........ 10.18 $/kW   For 100kW kWofofbilling billingdemand........................ demand ............................... .................. ............. 7.00 $/kW   For all remaining billing demand ............................. .......... ............................. .......... 5.44 $/kW 

Example: During one billing month the billing demand is 400 k kW. W. The demand charge is calculated as: kW Range

Block Size

x

Price

=

Cost

1-50

50 kW

x

10.18 $/kW

=

$509

51-150

100 kW

x

7.00 $/kW

=

$700

151-400

250 kW

x

5.44 $/kW

=

$1360

=

$2569

Total Demand Charge

Program Input: The number of steps entered in the demand charge is determined by the number of  "steps"" or "blocks" "steps "blocks" in the demand demand charge. In this example, example, three steps are required: Season All

Period All

Block Size 50

Block Units kW

Price 10.18

All

All

100

kW

7.00

All

All

9999999

kW

5.44

6.16.4 Demand Determination Whenever demand charges or deman Whenever demand d block energy energy charges are used in a rate structure, the peak demand must be determined determined for each billing period. period. For electric rates the integr integrated ated power use over a 15, 30 or  60 minute period is typically typically used. For fuel rates, the peak hourly fuel consumptio consumption, n, or peak daily fuel consumpti consu mption on is used. In the simplest cases the measured measured peak demand is used directly to compute compute the demand deman d charge. In other cases, however, however, the measured demand demand is adjusted by one or more clauses to determine determ ine a "billing" "billing" demand used to calculate the charge. For example, example, some rate structures impose impose a minimum mini mum demand clause. clause. The billing demand is either the measured measured demand or the mini minimum mum demand, demand, whichever is larger. Clau Clause sess used used to deri derive ve "bil "billi ling ng"" dema demand nd from from the the me meas asur ured ed dema demand nd ar aree re refer ferred red to as "Dem "Deman and d Determinati Determ ination" on" clauses. Usually Usually the utility utility rate sheet will include a "Demand Determination Determination"" section

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that spe that spells lls out these claus clauses. es. In other cases cases the clauses clauses are provi provided ded as fin finee pri print nt below the demand demand charge statement Each utility company defines clauses in different ways, but most fall into one of the following five categories:     

  Minimum demand clauses   Rachet clauses   Trailing window clauses   Demand multiplier clauses   Power factor multiplier multiplier clauses (electric rates only).

Utilities Utili ties will never refer to the clauses by these names. Inst Instead, ead, these are simple descriptive descriptive names names that make explaining the clauses easier. To determine which kind of demand clauses are used in your rate structure, match the clause defined on your utility rate sheet with the following descriptions. Minimum Demand Clause.   Utilities often specify that billing demand may not be less than a certain demand level.

Sample Demand Clause: The billing demand shall be the larger of: a. The maximum 30-minute integrated demand measured, or  b. 50 kW.

Example: In a particular month the measured Example: measured demand is 35 kW. Using Using the sample clause abov above, e, billing demand would be determined as: Measured Demand

Minimum Demand

Billing Demand

35 kW

50 kW

50 kW

Program Input: To model this clause in HAP, select the Minimum Demand Clause option and specify the minimum demand value. Rachet Clause.  A rachet clause introduces introduces a penalty penalty for large swings between monthly monthly demands. demands. The key to recognizing the rachet clause is that it compares measured demands with a percentage of the highest demand found during a fixed set of months.

Sample Demand Clause: The billing demand shall be the larger of: a. The maximum 30-minute integrated demand measured, or  b. 75% of the highest demand determined during the billing months of June through August 

Example: The measured Example: measured demand for Novemb November er is 100 kW. The highest highest measured measured demand demand during the the months of July through August was 200 kW. Using the rachet clause above billing demand is d determined etermined as follows: Measured Demand

Rachet Demand

Billing Demand

100 kW

0.75 x 200 = 150 kW

150 kW

Program Input: To model this clause in HAP select the Rachet Clause option and then specify the months during which the rachet peak is determined ("peaking months"), the months in which the rachet applies ("Appl ("A pplies ies In") and the multi multipli plier er factor. factor. For the sample sample rachet clause clause the followin following g inputs inputs would would be used:   

  Peaking months = June to August August   Applies in months months = January to December  December    Multiplier = 75%.

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Trailing Trail ing Windo Window w Clause. Clause.   A "tra "traili iling ng window window"" clause clause also also introd introduces uces a penalt penalty y for large large swings swings  between monthly demands. The key to recognizing the trailing window clause is that it compares the measured demand in the current month with a percentage of the highest demand found within a series of   preceding months. This ser series ies of months is referred to as the "trailing " trailing window".

Sample Demand Clause: The billing demand shall be the larger of: a. The maximum 30-minute integrated demand measured, or  b. 50% of the highest demand measured during the preceding 6 months.

Example: The measured Example: measured demand for Novemb November er is 100 kW. The highest highest measured measured demand demand during the the  previous 6 months was 250 kW in July. Using the trailing window clause above billing demand is determined as follows: Measured Demand

Rachet Demand

Billing Demand

100 kW

0.50 x 250 = 125 kW

125 kW

Program Progr am Input: To model this clause in HAP select the Trailing Wind Window ow Clause option option and then specify the size of the trailing trailing window window and the multipl multiplier ier factor factor.. For the sample sample rache rachett clause clause the fol follow lowing ing inputs would be used:  

  Window = 6 months   Multiplier = 50%.

Demand Multiplier Clause.   This clause provides provides a discount discount on demand measured during during certain times of day or times of year to encourage shifting of demand to those periods.

Sample Demand Clause:  Billing demand during the winter months shall be 60% of the maximum 30-minute integrated demand  measured.

Example: Exampl e: The meas measure ured d peak demand demand for one of the winter winter billing billing months months is 140 kW. Using Using the demand multiplier clause shown above, the billing demand would be determined as follows: Meas Me asur ured ed De Dem mand and

Dem eman and d Mult Multip ipli lier  er  Adjustment

Billing Demand

140 kW

140 kW x 0.60 = 84 kW

84 kW

Program Input: To model this clause in HAP, select the Demand Multiplier option and specify the multiplier mult iplier factor and the season and period in which the multiplier multiplier applies. applies. For the example clause above the inputs would be:   

  Multiplier = 60%   Season = Winter    Period = All

introduces an indirect indirect charge for excessive reactive reactive Power Factor Multiplier Multiplier Clause. Clause.   This clause introduces  power use. It is only used in electric rate structures. Power used in alternating current circuits is classi cla ssifie fied d as "worki "working ng"" and "reactive "reactive". ". "Appar "Apparent ent"" pow power er is the vector vector sum of workin working g and reactive reactive  power. Working power can be measured by a wattmeter. Reactive power is used to generate the magnet mag netic ic flux flux in inductiv inductivee machin machinery ery such as electri electricc motors motors.. It must be measur measured ed with separa separate te meteri met ering ng equipm equipment ent.. Rather Rather tha than n measur measuree it directl directly, y, utilit utilities ies someti sometimes mes spot check check buildi building ngss and impose impo se a penalty penalty if reactive power use is excessive. excessive. The reference valu valuee for the penalty penalty is the "power  "power  factor" which is the ratio of working power to apparent power and therefore indirectly indicates the magnitude magn itude of the reactive reactive power component. component. The lower the power factor, the larger the reactiv reactivee power  use.

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Sample Demand Clause: Customers Custom ers shall shall mainta maintain in a laggin lagging g power power factor factor of 90% or higher. higher. For each 1% by which which the average power factor lags below 90%, the demand charge shall be increased by 1%.

Ex Exam ampl ple: e: Fo Forr a ce certa rtain in month month the meas measur ured ed peak deman demand d is 200 kW. kW. A sp spot ot check check in indi dica cates tes the  building power factor is 80% lagging. Using the demand clause above, the building would be penalized  by increasing the demand charge by 1% for each 1% the power factor is below 90%, or a total of 10%. Measu Mea sure red d Dema Demand nd

Po Powe werr Fac Facto torr Mult Multip ipli lier  er  Adjustment

Billing Demand

200 kW

200 kW x 1.10 = 220 kW

220 kW

Program Input: To model this clause in HAP, select the Power Factor Multiplier option and then specify the multiplier factor. For the example clause above above the multiplier would be 110%.

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Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

This appendix describes procedures used to perform common tasks in HAP such as entering or editing  data and generating generating reports. reports. This information information may be useful for new users learning learning the program and for  occasional users who need a refresher on operating procedures. While designing and analyzing HVAC systems with HAP, a common set of procedures is used to enter  data, modify modify data and generate reports. reports. Using comm common on procedures procedures to operate the program makes the  program easier to learn and simpler to use. Whether you are working with walls, spaces or systems, for  example, the same basic procedures are used.

A. 1 BASIC PROCEDURES FOR PERFORMING COMMON TASKS Common tasks such as entering, editing or deleting data use the same basic procedure which is explained in this section. section This basic procedure procedure will be applied to each common task dis discussed cussed in the subs subsequent equent sections in this. Appendix. The procedure for performing many common tasks involves the following steps. 1.   Select the the Data Category Category by clicking on the desired item in the tree view panel on the left-hand side of the HAP HAP main main window. window. For example example,, if you you need to work with Space Space data, first first click on the "Space" item in the tree view panel. panel. This will cause a list of space spacess in your project to app appear ear in the list view panel on the right side of the HAP main window. 2.   Select One view panel on the HAP main window. window. For example, example, when One or More More Items Items  from the list view working worki ng with spaces, spaces, select one or more space items from the list of space spacess in your project. There are four ways to select items: items: a.   Selecting Selecting a Single Single Item Item -  Click once on the name of the item you wish wish to select. The name will  be highlighted indicating is has been selected. Selecting Selecti ng Multiple, Multiple , Consecutive Consecuti Items  b.   on   While pressing ng the the keyboard, keybo click  the name of the first and lastveitems in -the grouppressi you wish wis h to[Shift] select.key Theonnames of allard, items item s in the group will be highlighted to indicate they are selected.

c.   Selecting Selecting Multiple, Non-Cons Non-Consecutive ecutive Items -   While pressi pressing ng the [Ctrl] key on the keyboard, keyboard, click on the name of each item in the group group you wish to select. Each name will be highlight highlighted ed to indicate it is selected. d.   Selecting Selecting All Items in the Category Category -  Choose the Select All option on the Edit Menu (on the menu bar). The names of all items shown shown in the list view will be highlig highlighted hted indicating indicating they they are selected. 3.   Perform the Task  on  on the selected selected items. Particular Particular tasks such as entering or editing editing data can usually  be performed by several different methods. Users are free to choose the method that is most convenient conve nient.. These methods methods include include the following. following. Which me methods thods can be used for each task task will be explained in subsequent sections of this appendix. Menu Bar. to a.   can   Often an option on the Edit Menu or Report Menu on the main window window menu bar  be used perform the task.

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

 b.   Toolbar.   In many cases one of the buttons on the main window toolbar toolbar can be used to perform the task. c.   Item Pop-Up Menus.   Right-clicking on the group of selected items will display the item pop-up menu which usually will contain an option for performing the task. d.   Category Category Pop-Up Pop-Up Menus.   Right-cli Right-clicking cking on the selected category category in the tree view panel will displa dis play y the categ category ory pop-up pop-up menu. Note Note that that sel select ecting ing an option option on this this pop-u pop-up p menu menu will will  perform the task on ALL items in the category, not just those currently selected. Therefore, category pop-up menus should be used carefully. e.   Direct Use of the the Keyboard. Keyboard.   In some cases the keyboard keyboard key keyss can be used to directly perform perform a task. f.   Special Special Features. Features.   The There re are als also o cases cases where where special special additio additional nal methods methods are provi provided ded for   performing tasks. These will be explained in the subsequent sections where they apply.

A.2 CREATING A NEW ITEM There are three There three ways to create create new items in HAP. The example example below below deals deals with wall data, data, but the  procedure can be used for any category of data in HAP. Simply substitute your category name for f or "wall" in the following description. To create a new wall item: 1. Select th thee Wall category category in the tree view view pane pane on the left left side of the the main window window.. A list of wall wallss in the project will appear in the right-hand list view pane. 2. Use one o off the following following three three methods methods to create create a new item. item. a. Select the "New "New Default…" Default…" item in the list view view pane. pane.  b. Right click on the Wall item in the tree view panel to display the category pop-up menu. Then select the "New" option in this pop-up menu. c. Use a special special featur featuree to create create a new wall wall from with within in one of the progra program m input input forms. forms. See details below. 3. After cre creating ating the the new wall, wall, the input input form will appear. appear. Enter data data for the wall wall and then press press OK to to save the data and return to the HAP main window. Special Feature.   Certai Certain n categories categories of data can be created from within within other inp input ut forms. For example, example, while entering entering space data on the space form, you can create a new wall as follows:

1. While edit editing ing data in the Space Space Input Fo Form rm on the “Walls, “Walls, Windows Windows Doors” tab, tab, choose the “create “create new wall” item in the wall drop-down drop-down list. The wall input form will then appear. appear. 2. Enter tthe he desired desired wall wall data includin including g the wall wall name. name. 3. Cli Click ck the OK button button to save the the wall and return return to the space space input input form. form. When When you return return to the space form, the wall you created will automatically be selected for use in the space.

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Performing Common Tasks with HAP

Appendix A

 Note that this special feature can only be used to create c reate the following kinds of new items: While Entering Data In the Following Form:

You Can Create the Following Kinds of New Data Items:

Spaces

Schedules (Fractional)

Spaces

Walls

Spaces Spaces

Roofs Windows

Spaces

Doors

Spaces

External Shading

Systems

Schedules (Fractional)

Systems

Schedules (Fan/Thermostat)

*Systems

Cooling Towers

*Systems

Boilers

*Plants

Chillers

*Plants

Cooling Towers

*Plants

Boilers

*E *Ele lect ctri ricc Ra Rate tess *Fu Fuel el Ra Rattes

Sche Schedu dule less (Tim (Timee-Of Of-D -Day ay Util Utilit ity y Ra Rate te)) Sc Sch hedul edules es (T (Tim imee-O Of-D f-Day Utili tility ty Ra Rate te))

*Buildings

Schedules (Fractional)

*Buildings

Electric Rates

*Buildings

Fuel Rates

*Itemss marked with an asteris *Item asterisk k are available in HAP but not HAP System Design Load.

A.3 EDITING AN EXISTING ITEM There are three ways to edit existing items items in HAP. The example example below deals with with editing an existing existing schedule, schedu le, but the procedu procedure re can be used used for any category category of data in HAP. HAP. Sim Simply ply substi substitut tutee yo your  ur  category name for "schedule" in the following description. To edit an existing schedule item: 1. Sele Select ct the Schedu Schedule le catego category ry in the tree view view pane pane on the left side side of the main windo window. w. A list of  schedules in the project will appear in the right-hand list view pane. 2. Use one o off the following following three three methods methods to edit edit a schedule schedule item. item. a. Double-cl Double-click ick on the sch schedule edule item item in the list list view pane.  b. Right-click on a schedule item in the list view pane to display its pop-up menu. Then select the "Properties" item on this menu. c. Use a special special feat feature ure to edit an existi existing ng schedul schedulee from within within one of the program program input input forms. forms. See details below. 3. Aft After er display displaying ing the the data to edit, make make the necessary necessary change changes. s. The Then n press OK to save the changes changes and return to the HAP main window. Special Feature.   Certain categorie categoriess of data can be edited from within within other other input forms. For example, example, while entering space data on the space form, you can edit data for any schedule linked to that space as

follows:

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

1. While edit editing ing data in the Space Space Input Fo Form rm on the "In "Internals ternals"" tab, press the "Schedule "Schedule"" button next next to any one of the Schedule Schedule drop-dow drop-down n lis lists. ts. The input input form form for the current currently ly selected selected schedule schedule will appear and changes can be made to that schedule. 2. Make changes changes to the schedu schedule. le. 3. Click tthe he OK button button to save save the changes changes and return return to the the space input input form. form.  Note that this special feature can only be used to edit e dit the following kinds of items: While Entering Data In the Following Form:

You Can Edit the Following Kinds of New Data Items:

Spaces

Schedules (Fractional)

Spaces

Walls

Spaces

Roofs

Spaces

Windows

Spaces

Doors

Spaces

External Shading

Systems

Schedules (Fractional)

Systems

Schedules (Fan/Thermostat)

*Systems

Cooling Towers

*Systems *Plants

Boilers Boilers

*E *Ele lect ctri ricc Ra Rate tess

Sche Schedu dule less (Tim (Timee-Of Of-D -Day ay Util Utilit ity y Ra Rate te))

*Fu Fuel el Ra Rattes

Sc Sch hedul edules es (T (Tim imee-O Of-D f-Day Utili tility ty Ra Rate te))

*Buildings

Schedules (Fractional)

*Buildings

Electric Rates

*Buildings

Fuel Rates

*Itemss marked with an asteris *Item asterisk k are available in HAP but not HAP System Design Load.

A.4 USING THE ON-LINE CALCULATOR TO ENTER DATA While entering data, you may encounter situations in which you don’t have data for an input item, but you have related informatio information. n. For example example,, when entering the space floor area you may know the length and width width of the floor floor but not its area. area. Rather Rather than calcul calculate ate the floor floor area by hand, hand, you can use an on-line calculator to calculate the value and insert it into the input item. For HAP users, most numeric inputs in the energy analysis portions of the program (plants, buildings, chillers, chille rs, cooling towers, towers, boilers, electric rates and fuel rates) provide provide an integrated integrated on-line on-line calculator. calculator. To use this calculato calculator, r, simply simply enter an equati equation on follow followed ed by the equal equal sign. sign. For example, example, if you want to multiply mult iply 20 by 9, type the equation equation 20*9=. 20*9=. When you press press the [=] key the equation equation will will be calculated calculated and the result result (180) will be insert inserted ed into into the input item. item. The calculato calculatorr recogn recognize izess the follo followin wing g mathematical symbols: 

  Multiplication:  *   Example: 20*9=



  Division:  /   Example: 100/5=



  Addition:  +   Example: 46.1+85.9=



  Subtraction:  -   Example: 100-84=

In addition, compound compound equations can be entered entered if necessary. For example: 100-9*8+12= 100-9*8+12=

 A-4

HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

Appendix A

For both HAP and HAP System Design Load users, the system design portions of the program (weather, spaces, systems, walls, roofs, windows, doors, external shades) do not yet offer this integrated on-line calcul cal culato atorr feature feature.. Until Until the these se portio portions ns can be upgrad upgraded ed to include include the integrat integrated ed calcul calculato ator, r, the Windows Windo ws On-Line On-Line Calculator Calculator must be used instead. instead. The following following example illustrates illustrates how to use the Windows calculator. Example: You need to enter the floor area for a space, but you only know the floor dimensions are 17 ft  by 32 ft. The Windows Calculator can be used to compute the floor area and then insert it into HAP as follows: 1. Start the Wi Window ndowss Calculator: Calculator: From From the Win Windows dows deskto desktop, p, press Start. Start. On the Start Start Menu choose choose Progr Pro gram ams. s. On the Prog Program ramss Menu Menu choo choose se Acce Access ssor orie ies. s. On the Acces Accesso sorie riess Menu Menu ch choo oose se Calculator. Calcul ator. If you don’t need the calculator calculator right away, away, mini minimize mize the Calculator Calculator window by pressing the minimize minimize button on the Calculator title bar. The calculator calculator will be available for use whenever  whenever  you need it. The Windows Calculator Calculator is a program program supplie supplied d with the Windows operating operating system. system. For typical Windows installations it is placed in the Accessories program group. 2. While runn running ing HAP and entering entering space data, displ display ay the Calculator Calculator by pressing pressing the Calculator Calculator button button that appears on your taskbar. taskbar. The Calculat Calculator or will appear. 3

Calcul Calculate ate the floor floor area by pressi pressing ng the the calculat calculator or keypad keypad butto buttons ns for the equat equation ion 17 * 32 = . The result (544) will appear in the calculator display.

4. Copy th thee result to the clipboar clipboard: d: Choose Choose the Edit option option in in the Calculator Calculator menu menu bar. Then choose choose the Copy Cop y option option on the Edit Menu. Menu. This This copies copies the result of your your equation equation (544) (544) to the Windows Windows clipboard. 5. Return to HA HAP P and place the cursor in the floor floor area text box by click clicking ing onc oncee on this text box box so the default floor area is highlighted. 6. Finall Finally, y, on your keybo keyboard, ard, hold the the [Shift] key down and press press [Ins]. [Ins]. This ins inserts erts the contents contents of the the Windows Windo ws clipboard into the input field. The value 544 will appear as your floor area, replacing the  previous floor area value.

A.5 DUPLICATING AN EXISTING ITEM While ent While enterin ering g data, data, it is oft often en useful to create create new items items using using defaults defaults from an existi existing ng item item.. For  example, a series of spaces in a building might use the same wall and window constructions and the same lig lighti hting ng levels levels and schedule schedules. s. Defini Defining ng this series of spaces spaces with each new space space based based on the last space’s spa ce’s data can yield yield a tremend tremendous ous increase increase in produc productiv tivity ity.. You only only need need to change change a handfu handfull of  space inputs for each successive space, rather than specifying every input item for each space. The Duplicate Duplicate feature in HAP is used for this purpose. For example, example, when you duplicate duplicate a space, a new space is created using input input data from the original original space as defaults. Many readers readers will be familiar with the Copy and Paste features commonly offered in Windows software. HAP’s Duplicate feature combines Copy and Paste Paste into one function. So in one step, Duplicate Duplicate lets you make a copy of an item and paste it into your project. There The re are three three ways to make make a duplic duplicate ate of an existing existing item item in HAP. HAP. The exam example ple below below deals with duplicating an existing duplicating existing space, but the procedure can be used for any categ category ory of data in HAP. Simply Simply substitute your category name for "space" in the following description. To duplicate an existing space: 1. Select the Sp Space ace category category in the tree tree view pane pane on the left left side of of the main main window. window. A list of spaces spaces in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. Select th thee desired space space in the list list view view pane by clicki clicking ng on it once. once.

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

3. Use one o off the following following three three methods methods to duplica duplicate te a space: a. Use the the "Duplic "Duplicate" ate" option option on th thee Edi Editt Menu. Menu.  b. Press the "Duplicate" button on the Toolbar. c. Right-cli Right-click ck on the selected selected space item item to display display its pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select select the "Duplicat "Duplicate" e" item on this menu. 4. Aft After er the space has been been duplicate duplicated d its data will be display displayed ed in the space input input form. form. Edit Edit data as necessary and then press OK to save the changes and return to the HAP main window.

A.6 DUPLICATING A BUILDING (WITH SPACES AND HVAC EQUIPMENT) When Whe n perfor performin ming g a LEED® LEED® Energy Energy and Atmosp Atmospher heree Credit Credit 1 analy analysis sis,, or a LEED® LEED® Energy Energy and Atmospher Atmosp heree Prerequ Prerequisi isite te 2 (Wh (Whole ole Buildi Building ng Ene Energy rgy Simula Simulatio tion n option option)) analys analysis is it is som someti etimes mes necessary to make a copy of a HAP building and all the air systems, plants, spaces, chillers, cooling towers tow ers and boilers boilers that are lin linked ked to the buildin building. g. An exam example ple is after a Propos Proposed ed Design Design has been been created and you wish to make a copy of all its data as the basis for assembling the Baseline 0 deg  building. The  Duplicate Building (with Spaces and HVAC Eqpt)  opt  option ion is used for for this purpose. purpose. To use this option: 1. Sele Select ct the Buildin Building g category category in the tree view view pane on the left left side of the main main window window.. A list of   buildings in your project will appear in the list view pane on the right. r ight. 2. Select the de desired sired Building Building in in the list view p pane ane by clicking clicking on on it once. 3. Use one of the fol followin lowing g two methods methods of duplicati duplicating ng the Bui Building lding:: a. Choo Choose se the the  Duplicate Building (with Spaces and HVAC Eqpt)  on the Edit Menu. =OR=  b. Right-click on the selected Building to display its pop-up menu and then choose the  Duplicate  Building (with Spaces and HVAC Eqpt)  on this menu. 4. A window wil willl appear explaining explaining what what this optio option n does and asking asking whether whether you are using this this option to copy copy data data in pre prepara paratio tion n for creating creating a Bas Baseli eline ne Buildi Building ng or a Propose Proposed d Design Design.. If you choose choose Baseline Building, the program will use the prefix [B000] for the copies it creates so you can easily identify identi fy the data. If you choose Proposed Proposed Design, the program program will use the prefix [P] for the copies it creates. After making your your selection press OK to duplicate duplicate the Building. 5. The progra program m will then make make a copy of the original Building Building and and all the spaces, spaces, air systems, systems, plants, plants, chille chillers, rs, cooling and boilers linked to the Building. Building. Names of copied items will be assigned the proper prefix towers as described above.linked 6. Once the progra program m is finished, finished, a message will be displayed displayed confirmi confirming ng completion completion of the work and explaining how to identify the data items that were created.

A.7 COPYING ITEMS Please see section A.5, Duplicating an Existing Item.

A.8 REPLACING SPACE DATA During the course of a design During design project, specifications specifications for the building building sometimes sometimes change. change. For example, example, the wall construction construction characteristics characteristics change or lighting levels levels are adjusted. adjusted. In such a situation, situation, its useful to be able to globally change all space data rather than modifying the spaces one at a time. The Replace feature feature in HAP is used for this purp purpose. ose. For example, example, the Replace feature feature can be used to changee the overhead chang overhead lighting lighting wattage wattage for 45 spaces all in one step. This prov provides ides a vast time savings savings over modifyin modifying g the 45 spaces one at a time. A Replace can be performed in two ways:

 A-6

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Performing Common Tasks with HAP 



Appendix A

  The first is using a “sea “search rch and replace” replace” approa approach ch in which which you define define a “value “value to replace” replace” and a “replac “rep lacee with” with” value. value. For example example,, if “va “value lue to replace replace”” is 2.0 W/sqft W/sqft of ov overh erhead ead lighting lighting,, and “replace with” is 1.8 W/sqft, the program will search for all occurrences of 2.0 W/sqft of overhead lighting in the spaces you choose, and will replace these with 1.8 W/sqft.   The second is using a “replace all” approach approach in which yo you u only specify specify a “replace with” value; value; the “valuee to replace” “valu replace” specification specification is left blank in this case. For example, example, if the “value to replace” replace” is  blank and the “replace with” value is 1.8 W/sqft of overhead lighting, the program will replace all overhead lighting inputs in the spaces you designate with 1.8 W/sqft, regardless of what the original overhead lighting values are.

There The re are four methods methods for globa globally lly replaci replacing ng space data in HAP. HAP. The exam example ple below below deals deals with changing the overhead lighting changing lighting W/sqft in a group of spaces from 2.0 to 1.8. The same general proced procedure ure can be used for replacing many other types of space input data. 1. Select the Sp Space ace category category in the tree tree view pane pane on the left left side of of the main main window. window. A list of spaces spaces in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In the li list st view pane pane select select the spaces spaces whose whose data is to be modifie modified d 3. Use on onee of the followi following ng four four meth methods ods to replace the the data: data: a. Use the the "Replace" "Replace" option option on the Edit Edit Menu. Menu.  b. Press the "Replace" "Replace " button on the Toolbar. T oolbar. c. Righ Rightt-cl clic ick k on the grou group p of se sele lect cted ed spaces spaces to di disp splay lay its pop-u pop-up p menu menu.. Th Then en select select the "Replace" item on this menu. d. Righ Right-cli t-click ck on the Space category category name name in the tree view pane on the left side of the m main ain wind window ow to display display the Space Space catego category ry pop-up pop-up menu. Then Then sel select ect the "Replac "Replace" e" option option on this this menu. menu.  Note that this will apply changes to ALL spaces in the project, so this method should be used carefully. 4. After th thee Replace option option is selecte selected, d, the Replace Replace Data form form will appear. appear. 5. On the Internal Internalss tab of this form choose "Overhead "Overhead Lighting Lighting W/sqft" W/sqft" as the category to be changed, changed, specify a "value to replace" of 2.0 and a "replace with" with" value of 1.8. 6. Then clic click k on the OK button button to run run the search and and replace process. process. The program program will notify notify you you of  the number of spaces searched and the number of items replaced before returning to the HAP main window.

A.9 ROTATING SPACES During the course of a design project, the orientation of the building is sometimes adjusted by the architect. archit ect. In such a situation, situation, it is useful to be able to globally globally change change the orientation orientationss of wall exposures and roof exposures in all your spaces rather than modifying the spaces one at a time. The Rotate Rotate feature feature in HAP is used for this this purpos purpose. e. For example example,, sup suppos posee a buildi building ng contain containss 100 spaces.. Midway through spaces through the design process, process, the architect architect changes the building orientatio orientation n by shifting it 45 degrees clockwis clockwise. e. The rotate feature can be used to adjust the wall and roof orientations orientations in one step. This provides a vast time savings over modifying the 100 spaces one at a time. There are four ways to rotate space data in HAP. The exampl examplee below deals with rotating rotating the orientation orientation of wall and roof exposures by 45 degrees clockwise. The same general procedure can be used for rotation  by other amounts. 1. Select the Sp Space ace category category in the tree tree view pane pane on the left left side of of the main main window. window. A list of spaces spaces in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In th thee list view view pane pane select the spaces spaces to be be rotated. rotated. 3. Use one o off the following following four four met methods hods to rotate rotate the spaces: spaces:

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

a. Use the the "Rotate" "Rotate" option option on the Edit Edit Menu. Menu.  b. Press the "Rotate" button on the Toolbar. c. Right-cli Right-click ck on the group group of selected selected spaces spaces to display display its pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select select the "Rotate" "Rotate" item on this menu. d. Righ Right-cli t-click ck on the Space category category name name in the tree view pane on the left side of the m main ain wind window ow to display the the Space category pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select select the "Rotate" option option on this menu. menu. Note that this will rotate ALL spaces in the project, so this method should be used carefully. 4. Aft After er the Rotate Rotate option option is sel select ected, ed, the Rotate Rotate Data form will will appear. appear. On this fo form rm specify specify the the amount amo unt of rot rotatio ation n (45 degrees degrees in this this exampl example). e). Then Then press press the OK button button to begin begin the rotatio rotation. n. The program will report the number of wall and roof exposures that were rotated before returning to the HAP main window.

A.10 PERFORMING LEED (90.1 PRM) ROTATIONS When perfo When perform rmin ing g a LEED LEED® ® En Energ ergy y and and Atmo Atmosp sphe here re Credi Creditt 1 an anal alys ysis is or a LEED LEED® ® En Ener ergy gy an and d Atmosphere Prerequisite 2 (Whole Building Energy Simulation Option) analysis, it is necessary to make fourr copies fou copies of the Baseline Baseline Building Building.. The first Baseline Baseline Building Building,, using using an ori orient entatio ation n equal equal to the Proposed Design, is assembled by manually defining the characteristics of its spaces, systems, plants, chillers, chille rs, cooling towers, towers, and boilers, as necessary. necessary. Then it is necessary to make three further copi copies es of  this Baseline Building with spaces rotated 90 deg, 180 deg and 270 deg, respectively, from the original Baseline Baseli ne Building orientatio orientation. n. The "Perform LEED (90.1 PRM) Rotatio Rotations" ns" option is used to quickly generate these three copies of the Baseline Building. To use this option: 1. Sele Select ct the Buildin Building g category category in the tree view view pane on the left left side of the main main window window.. A list of   buildings in your project will appear in the list view pane on the right. r ight. 2. Select the Bas Baseline eline Building Building in in the list view p pane ane by clicking clicking on on it once. 3. Use one of the fol followin lowing g two methods methods to perform perform the LEED® LEED® rotations rotations:: a. Choose Choose the "Perform "Perform LEED LEED (90.1 PRM) PRM) Rotations" Rotations" option option on the the Edit Menu. Menu. =OR=  b. Right-click on the selected Building to display its pop-up menu and then choose the "Perform LEED (90.1 PRM) Rotations" option on this menu. 4. A wind window ow will appear appear explainin explaining g what tthis his option option does does.. Press OK to sstart tart the rot rotation ations. s. 5. The prog program ram will produc producee three three copies copies of the Baseli Baseline ne Build Building ing you select selected. ed. Copies Copies include include the  building and all the spaces, air systems, plants, chillers, cooling towers and boilers linked to the  building. The spaces in the first copy will be rotated 90 deg from the original orientation. The spaces in the second copy copy will be rotated 180 deg. The spaces in the third copy will will be rotated 270 deg. HAP uses prefixes prefixes for the copied copied items so you can easily easily identify identify them. them. [B090] [B090] indicates indicates data for the Baseline 90 deg rotation, [B180] indicates data for the Baseline 180 deg rotation, and [B270] indicates data for the Baseline 270 deg rotation. 6. When the program is finis finished hed genera generating ting this data data it displays a message message confirmi confirming ng completion completion and explaining how to identify the data that was produced.

A.11 DELETING ITEMS There are five ways to delete existing items items in HAP. The example below deals deals with deleting air systems, systems,  but the procedure can be used for any category of data in HAP. Simply substitute your category name for  "system" in the following description.   Note:  If you ever accidentally delete data, you can often undo the deletion. deleti on. A paragrap paragraph h at the end of this section explai explains ns how. To delete two air systems from a project:

 A-8

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Performing Common Tasks with HAP

Appendix A

1. Sele Select ct the System System catego category ry in the tree tree view pa pane ne on the left left side of the main main window window.. A list of  systems in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In the li list st view pane pane select select the two air air systems systems to be deleted. deleted. 3. Use one o off the following following five five met methods hods to delete delete the air air systems: systems: a. Press the Delet Deletee key key on on the the keyboa keyboard. rd.  b. Menu. c. Use Use the the Delete Delet Deletee option button button on on the the Edit Toolba Toolbar. r. d. Righ Right-cli t-click ck on the selected selected systems systems in the the list view view pane to display display the the item pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select the "Delete" item on this menu. e. RightRight-cli click ck on the Sys System tem categor category y in the tree view pane pane to display display the pop-up pop-up menu for the system sys tem categor category. y. Then Then sel select ect the "Delete" "Delete" item on this menu. menu. Not Notee that this will delete delete ALL systems in the project, so this option should be used carefully. 4. HAP will disp display lay a warning message message listing listing the number number of systems systems to be deleted and asking asking you to confirm the deletion before it erases the data. permanently tly erased from the How to Undo Accidental Deletion of Data:   When data is deleted, it is permanen working work ing copy of your project. However, However, if you ever mistakenly mistakenly delete data and have not yet saved the  project, you can undo the deletion by re-opening the project. Use the Open option on the Project Menu. When you choose the Open option, HAP will ask if you want to save changes to your current project data. dat a. Make Make sure you DO NOT NOT save save the project project data data at this point. point. Then Then reopen reopen the project project.. Dat Dataa from your most recent project/save will be restored. While this will successfully undo your accidental deletion of data, any other changes you made to the project since the last project/save will also be lost.

A.12 GENERATING INPUT DATA REPORTS HAP provid HAP provides es four ways to print or vie view w input data for your project project.. Whe When n printing printing data, data, it is sen sentt direct directly ly to your your printer. printer. When When viewi viewing ng data, data, informatio information n appears appears in the HAP Repo Report rt Viewer. Viewer. The Viewer allows allows you to quickly quickly browse the data. The Viewer also provides provides a button for printing printing the data. Further information on the Report Viewer can be found in section A.18. The example below deals with viewing or printing input data for a group of spaces, but the procedure can  be used for any category of data in HAP. Simply substitute your category name for "space" in the following description. To view or print input data for a group of spaces: 1. Select the Sp Space ace category category in the tree tree view pane pane on the left left side of of the main main window. window. A list of spaces spaces in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In the list v view iew pane select select the spaces spaces whose input input data is to be viewed viewed or printed. printed. 3. Use one o off the following following four four met methods hods to view view or print print the input input data: a. Choose Choose the "View Input Input Data" Data" or "Print "Print Input Input Data" options options on on the Reports Reports Menu. Menu.  b. Press the "View "Vie w Input Data" button on the Toolbar. T oolbar. c. RightRight-cli click ck on the selec selected ted spaces spaces in the list view view pane to display display the item item pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then Then select the "View Input Data" or "Print Input Data" option on this menu. d. Righ Right-cli t-click ck on the Space category in the tree view pane pane to display th thee pop-up menu menu for the space category. categ ory. Then select select the "View Input Input Data" Data" or "Print Input Input Data" option option on on this menu. menu. Note that this will view or print input data for ALL spaces, so this option should be used carefully.

A.13 GENERATING SYSTEM DESIGN REPORTS System design reports provide information about loads and the required sizes of air system components such as coils, fans, and supply terminals. terminals. HAP provides provides four ways to generate generate these reports, all utilizing utilizing the same basic procedure.

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

1. Sele Select ct the System System catego category ry in the tree tree view pa pane ne on the left left side of the main main window window.. A list of  systems in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In th thee list view view pane pane select the desired desired systems systems.. 3. Use one of the fol followin lowing g four methods methods to view view or print sy system stem design design reports: reports: a. Choose Choose the "Print/View "Print/View Design Design Result Results" s" option option on the Rep Reports orts Menu. Menu.  b. Presst-click theck "Print/View "Pron int/View Design Results" thepane Toolbar. T oolbar. c. Right-cli Righ the selected selected systems systems in button the the liston view view to display display the the item pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select the "Print/View Design Results" option on this menu. d. Rig Rightht-cli click ck on the System System category category in the tree view pane to displa display y the pop-u pop-up p menu for the system syst em category. category. Then select select the "Print/View "Print/View Design Design Results" option option on this this menu. Note that this will generate design reports for ALL systems in the project, so this option should be used carefully. 4. The Sys System tem Design Design Reports Reports Sel Selection ection window window will will appear. appear. Select the the reports to to be generated. generated. 5. To view the repor reports, ts, press press the Previe Preview w button button on the System System Design Design Report Reportss window. window. If sys system tem design calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations automatical autom atically. ly. If no calculatio calculations ns are needed, the reports will be displayed im immedia mediately. tely. Reports Reports are displayed displ ayed in the HAP Report Viewer (see section A.18). A.18). After view viewing ing the reports reports you can print the reports by pressing the Print button on the Report Viewer. 6. To print the rep reports orts directly, directly, press press the Print button button on the the System Desig Design n Reports w window indow.. If system system design calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations automatically. If no calculations are needed, the reports will be printed imm immediately. ediately.

A.14 GENERATING PLANT DESIGN REPORTS Plant design design reports provide sizing sizing information information for chiller plants and boiler plants. HAP provides provides four  ways to generate these reports, all utilizing the same basic procedure. 1. Select the Pl Plant ant category category in the the tree view pane pane on the left left side of the the main window window.. A list of plants plants in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In th thee list view view pane pane select the desired desired plants. plants. 3. Use one of the fol followin lowing g four methods methods to view view or print pla plant nt design design reports: reports: a. Choose Choose the "Print/View "Print/View Design Design Result Results" s" option option on the Rep Reports orts Menu. Menu.  b. Press the "Print/View "Pron int/View Design Results" button on w thepane Toolbar. T oolbar. c. RightRig ht-cli click ck the selec selected ted plants pla nts in the list view vie to display display the item poppop-up up menu. menu. Then Then select the "Print/View Design Results" option on this menu. d. Righ Right-cli t-click ck on the Plant category category in the tree view pane to display display the pop-up pop-up menu menu for the plant category. categ ory. Then select select the "Print/View "Print/View Design Design Results" Results" option on this this menu. Note that this this will generate design reports for ALL plants in the project, so this option should be used carefully. 4. The Plant D Design esign Reports Reports Selectio Selection n window window will appear. appear. Select the the reports reports to be generated. generated. 5. To view the rep report orts, s, press the Previe Preview w butto button n on the Plant Design Design Repor Reports ts window window.. If plant plant or  system design calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations calcula tions automaticall automatically. y. If no calculations calculations are needed, the report reportss will be displayed displayed immediately. immediately. Reportss are displayed Report displayed in the HAP Report Viewer (see section A.18). A.18). After viewing viewing the reports you can print the reports by pressing the Print button on the Report Viewer. 6. To print the repo reports rts directly, directly, press the the Print button button on the Plant Design Design Reports Reports window window.. If plant or  or  system design calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations automatically. If no calculations are needed, the reports will be printed imm immediately. ediately.

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HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

Appendix A

A.15 GENERATING SYSTEM SIMULATION REPORTS System simulation reports provide information about system operation and energy use during a typical year. These reports reports are offered in HAP HAP but not HAP System System Design Design Load. Load. HAP provides provides four ways ways to generate these reports, all utilizing the same basic procedure. 1. Sele Select ct the System System catego category ry in the tree tree view pa pane ne on the left left side of the main main window window.. A list of  systems in the project will appear in the list view pane. 2. In th thee list view view pane pane select the desired desired systems systems.. 3. Use one of the fol followin lowing g four methods methods to view view or print sy system stem simulati simulation on reports: reports: a. Choose Choose the "Print/View "Print/View Simul Simulation ation Results Results"" option on on the Reports Reports Menu.  b. Press the "Print/View "Pr int/View Simulation Results" button on the Toolbar. c. Right-cli Right-click ck on the selected selected systems systems in the the list view view pane to display display the the item pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select the "Print/View Simulation Results" option on this menu. d. Rig Rightht-cli click ck on the System System category category in the tree view pane to displa display y the pop-u pop-up p menu for the system syst em category. category. Then select select the "Print/View "Print/View Simulation Simulation Results Results"" option on this this menu. menu. Note that this will generate simulation reports for ALL systems in the project, so this option should be used carefully. 4. The Syst System em Simulation Simulation Reports Reports Selection Selection window window will will appear. appear. Select the reports reports to be generated. generated. 5. To view the repo reports, rts, press the Preview Preview button button on the System System Simulat Simulation ion Reports Reports window. window. If system system calcula calc ulatio tions ns must must be run before before the report reportss can be generat generated, ed, HAP HAP wil willl run these calcula calculatio tions ns automatical autom atically. ly. If no calculatio calculations ns are needed, the reports will be displayed im immedia mediately. tely. Reports Reports are displayed displ ayed in the HAP Report Viewer (see section A.18). A.18). After view viewing ing the reports reports you can print the reports by pressing the Print button on the Report Viewer. 6. To print the repor reports ts direc directly tly,, press press the Print Print but button ton on the System System Simulat Simulation ion Report Reportss window. window. If  system calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations automatically. If no calculations are needed, the reports will be printed imm immediately. ediately.

A.16 GENERATING PLANT SIMULATION REPORTS Plant simulation reports provide information about plant operation and energy use during a typical year. Th Thes esee repor reports ts are offere offered d in HAP HAP but but not not HA HAP P Sy Syst stem em Desi Design gn Lo Load ad.. HAP HAP pr prov ovid ides es fo four ur ways ways to generate these reports, all utilizing the same basic procedure. 1. Select the Pl Plant ant appear category category thlist e tree view pane pane on the left left side of the the main window window.. A list of plants plants in the project will in in thethe view pane. 2. In th thee list view view pane pane select the desired desired plants. plants. 3. Use one of the fol followin lowing g four methods methods to view view or print pla plant nt simulation simulation reports: reports: a. Choose Choose the "Print/View "Print/View Simul Simulation ation Results Results"" option on on the Reports Reports Menu.  b. Press the "Print/View "Pr int/View Simulation Results" button on the Toolbar. c. RightRight-cli click ck on the selec selected ted plants plants in the list view view pane to display display the item poppop-up up menu. menu. Then Then select the "Print/View Simulation Results" option on this menu. d. Righ Right-cli t-click ck on the Plant category category in the tree view pane to display display the pop-up pop-up menu menu for the plant category. categ ory. Then select select the "Print/View "Print/View Simulation Simulation Results" Results" option on this this menu. Note that this this will generate simulation reports for ALL plants in the project, so this option should be used carefully. 4. The Plant S Simula imulation tion Reports Reports Selectio Selection n window window will ap appear. pear. Select the the reports to to be generated. generated. 5. To view th thee reports, reports, press the Preview Preview button button on on the Plant Plant Simulation Simulation Reports Reports window window.. If plant plant or  system calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations automatical autom atically. ly. If no calculatio calculations ns are needed, the reports will be displayed im immedia mediately. tely. Reports Reports are

HAP Quick Reference Guide

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

displayed in the HAP Report Viewer (see section A.18). displayed A.18). After view viewing ing the reports reports you can print the reports by pressing the Print button on the Report Viewer. 6. To print the repor reports ts directly, directly, press press the Print button button on the Plant Plant Simulation Simulation Reports Reports window window.. If plant or syst system em calcu calculat latio ions ns mu must st be run run befo before re the the repor reports ts can be gene generat rated ed,, HAP HAP will will ru run n th thes esee calculations automatically. If no calculations are needed, the reports will be printed imm immediately. ediately.

A.17 GENERATING BUILDING SIMULATION REPORTS Building simulation Building simulation reports provide information information about annual energy use and energy cost. These reports are offered offered in HAP but not HAP Syste System m Design Design Load. Load. HAP provide providess fou fourr ways ways to generate generate these these reports, all utilizing the same basic procedure. 1. Sele Select ct the Buildin Building g category category in the tree view view pane on the left left side of the main main window window.. A list of   buildings in the project proje ct will appear in the list view pane. 2. In th thee list view view pane pane select the desired desired buildin buildings. gs. 3. Use one of the follow following ing four methods methods to view or print print buildin building g simulation simulation reports: reports: a. Choose Choose the "Print/View "Print/View Simul Simulation ation Results Results"" option on on the Reports Reports Menu.  b. Press the "Print/View "Pr int/View Simulation Results" button on the Toolbar. c. Right-cli Right-click ck on the selected selected building buildingss in the list view view pane to display display the item item pop-up pop-up menu. menu. Then select the "Print/View Simulation Results" option on this menu. d. Rig Rightht-cli click ck on the Building Building categor category y in the tree view view pane pane to display display the pop-up pop-up menu for the  building category. Then select the "Print/View Simulation Results" option on this menu. Note that this will generate simulation reports for ALL buildings in the project, so this option should  be used carefully. 4. The Build Building ing Simulati Simulation on Reports Reports Selection Selection window window will appear. appear. Select the the reports to be generated generated.. 5. To view the reports, press the Previ Preview ew button on the Build Building ing Simulation Simulation Reports Reports Results Results window. window. If building, plant or system calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run these calculations calculations automatically automatically.. If no calcul calculation ationss are needed, needed, the reports will be displayed displayed immediatel imme diately. y. Reports Reports are displayed in the HAP Report Viewer Viewer (see section A.1 A.18). 8). After viewing viewing the reports you can print the reports by pressing the Print button on the Report Viewer. 6. To print the repo reports rts directly, directly, press the the Print button button on the Building Building Simulatio Simulation n Reports window window.. If   building, plant or system calculations must be run before the reports can be generated, HAP will run thes thesee ca calc lcul ulat atio ions ns auto automa mati tica call lly. y. If no cal calcu culat latio ions ns are need needed ed,, th thee re repo port rtss will will be pr prin inte ted d immediately.

A.18 USING THE REPORT VIEWER Thiss sec Thi sectio tion n descri describes bes the feature featuress and operati operation on of the HAP Reports Reports Viewer. Viewer. The View Viewer er is use used d to display all input, design and simulation simulation reports in HAP. It appears when you p press ress the Preview button on any of the Report Selection windows in the program. Overview of Layout and Features.  The Report Viewer consists of four key components.

1. The  Title Bar  appears across the top of the Report Viewer window. window. At the right-hand right-hand end of the title  bar is a close button which is used to close the viewer and return to the HAP main window. 2. The   Menu Bar   appears appears bene beneath ath the title title bar bar.. It contains contains two menus menus which which provide provide options options for   performing useful tasks with reports.

 A-12

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Performing Common Tasks with HAP

Appendix A

The first menu is the  File Menu. Options Options on this menu menu are as follows: follows: 







  Save Report As  is used to save the report report as a disk file in Rich Text Form Format at (RTF). Note that a "report"" is a bundle of all individual "report individual report report items you selected for display. display. Therefore, Therefore, when you savee as a disk file all pages sav pages in the bundle bundle are saved saved in a single single file. This This option option is useful for  incorporatin incorp orating g report material material in other documents. documents. RTF files can be read by many po popular pular word  processor programs.   Print Setup is used to adjust settings settings for your default printer. This optio option n is typically typically used prior  to printing a report.   Print  is used to print the report. Because Because a "report" "report" is a bundle of all individ individual ual report items you you selected for display, all pages in the bundle will be printed when you choose this option.   Exit  is used to close the Report Viewer and return to the HAP main window.

The second menu is the  Help Menu. It contains contains one one option: option: 

  How to to Use Use th thee Report Report Viewer displays an overview help topic for the Viewer.

3. The  Toolbar  appears beneath the menu bar. It contain containss buttons for performing performing useful tasks with the reports.. Many of these reports these tasks are the same same as provid provided ed by options options on the Menu Menu Bar. Working Working from left to right across the toolbar the buttons perform the following functions: 



  The  Save Report As  button serves the same function as the Save Report As option on the File Menu, described above.   The  Print  button prints the report document that is currently visible in the viewer.

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 Appendix A 

Performing Common Tasks with HAP   The   Zoom In   and   Zoom Out   buttons are used to enlarge or reduce the magnification for the curre current ntly ly disp display layed ed page page.. Zo Zoom om In increa increase sess th thee magn magnif ific icati ation on for th thee page page.. Zo Zoom om Out decreases the magnification for the page.

4. The  Report Viewing Area  appear  appearss below the toolbar. toolbar. It displ displays ays all pages in the bundle bundle of reports you selected selected for display. display. Since only a portion of one page of the current report report is visi visible ble at one time, you will need to use the scroll bar or the [PgUp] and [PgDn] keys to view all portions of that page. You will also need to scroll to view additional pages.

A.19 CHANGING THE LIST VIEW FORMAT The list view in the main program window provides a list of items, such as spaces, walls, roofs, etc.., that you have entered entered and stored in your project. This list of items can be displayed displayed in four different formats formats:: List, Details, Details, Large Icons and Small Icons You can change from one format to another using optio options ns on the View Menu and buttons on the toolbar. toolbar. Each of the four list view formats is described described below. A. List List Format Format

In List Format Format each item is shown as a small icon with the item name to the right right of the icon. Items Items are listed listed in a colum column n form format. at. Once Once items items fill fill the first column column,, add additi itiona onall ite items ms are shown shown in a second column. column. To switch to this list view format, choo choose se the “List” option on the View Menu, or   press the “List” toolbar button. B. Det Detail ailss Format Format

In Details Format each item is shown as a small icon with the item name to the right of the icon. Additional Addit ional descriptive descriptive details are listed opposite opposite the item, as shown in the following table. table. Items Items are shown in column format. Once items fill the available display area, the list view must be scrolled to display displ ay additional additional items. To switch to this list view format, format, choose the “Details” option option on the View Menu, or press the “Details” toolbar button. Data Category

Details Item #1:

Details Item #2:

Weather

Design City

Simulation City

Spaces

Floor Area

Systems

System Type

Sizing Status

Simulation Status

Plants

Plant Type

Sizing Status

Simulation Status

*Buildings

Simulation Status

Schedules

Schedule Type

Walls

Overall U-Value

Overall Weight

Roofs

Overall U-Value

Overall Weight

Windows

Overall U-Value

Shade Coefficient

Doors

Door U-Value

Glass U-Value

Ext. Shading

(none)

*Chillers

Function

*Cool ooling ing Towers

Mo Mode dell

*Boilers

Fuel or Energy Type

*Electric Rates

(none)

*Fuel Rates

(none)

Type

Details Item #3:

Full Load Clg Capacity

Full Load Capacity

*Itemss marked with an asteris *Item asterisk k are availabl availablee in HAP but not HAP System Desi Design gn Load.

Details Item #4:

F Fu ull Load Htg Capacity

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Appendix A

C. Large Icons Format

In Large Icon format, each item is shown as a large icon with the name positioned below the icon. Items Items are lis listed ted in rows rows from lef leftt to right across across the list list vie view w panel. panel. Once Once icons icons fill the availa available ble display displ ay area, the list view must be scrolled to view additio additional nal icons. To switch to Large Icon format, format, choose the “Large Icons” option on the View Menu, or press the “Small Icons” toolbar button. D. Small Icons Format

In Small Icon format, each item is shown as a small icon with the item name to the right of the icon. Items Items are lis listed ted in rows rows from lef leftt to right across across the list list vie view w panel. panel. Once Once icons icons fill the availa available ble display displ ay area, the list view must be scrolled scrolled to see additional additional items. items. To switch to Small Icon format, format, choose the “Small Icons” option on the View Menu, or press the “Small Icons” toolbar button.

A.20 SETTING USER PREFERENCES The Preferences option on the View Menu is used to specify preferences affecting program operation. When this option is selected, the Preferences window appears. This window contains tw two o tabs.

A.20.1 A.2 0.1 General Tab

The General Tab   is divided divided into two parts. The first part contains contains preferences app applying lying to all Carrier   programs on your computer: 



  Measurement Measurement Units  - Choose whether program input data and results are displayed using English units or SI Metric units.   Email Address Address for Your Your Carrier Carrier Sales Sales Engineer Engineer   allows you to specify an e-mail address that is

used with the with Sendyour Email to Sales Engin Engineer eer option on theyour Project Menu Menu. . This optio option n itistoused collaborating Carrier sales engineer to archive project data and e-mail the when sales

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 Appendix A

Performing Common Tasks with HAP

engineer so equipment engineer equipment selections selections can be run against your sizing sizing data. See Section B.10 for further  information. The second part of the General Tab contains preferences which apply only to HAP: 







  Show Tooltips Tooltips   - Tooltips are the small messages that appear when you position the mouse cursor  overr toolba ove toolbarr button buttonss and variou variouss oth other er portio portions ns of the main main progra program m window window,, or certain certain input input windows. windo ws. Tooltips Tooltips will be shown when this box is checked. checked.   Show Date - When this box is checked, the current date will be shown in the right-hand portion of  the status bar.   Show Time - When this box is checked, the current time will be shown in the right-hand portion of  the status bar.   Operating Mode  allows you to turn Energy Analysi Analysiss features on and off. This option option is only offered when running the full version of HAP. It is not offered when running HAP Sys System tem Design Load.

In HAP, users have the option of switching the program from full HAP mode to HAP System Design mode and vice versa. Switching Switching to HAP System Design Design mode turn turnss off all of the inputs and features features for energy analysis. analysis. When using the program program only for system system design work, work, users may find it more efficien effi cientt to hide the unneeded unneeded energy energy analys analysis is features features from from vi view. ew. Users Users can switch switch betw between een operating operat ing modes at any time and for any project. For example, example, if you created a project while while in HAP System Syste m Design mod modee you can later switch it to full HAP mode. All of the origina originall project data will remain. You will only have to supply supply the extra energy analysis data to run energy studies.

A.20.2 A.2 0.2 Project Project Tab

The Project Project Tab   conta contains ins preferenc preferences es related related to the current current HAP HAP pro project ject only. only. Curren Currently tly this tab  provides options for: 

  62-2 Ventilation Defaults.   Choose Choos e whether wheth er 2010, venti ventilatio lation defaults defaul ts should shou be based 62-2001, 001, 62.1-2004, 62.1-2 004, 62.1-2007, 62.1-2 007, or 62.1-2010, 62.1or n "User-Define "UserDefined". d".ld Typically Typic ally on thisASHRAE choice isStandard made at the start of a project since since it affects how data data is entered for spaces and systems. systems. When you choose choose

one of the ASHRAE options, you will be able to default space ventilation requirements by selecting a  A-16

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Performing Common Tasks with HAP

Appendix A

space usage type. type. In addition, addition, options options will be offered in system inputs inputs for calculating calculating ventilation ventilation airflow requiremen requirements ts that comply with the Stand Standard. ard. When you choose "User-Define "User-Defined", d", you will always alw ays be required required to specif specify y spa space ce ventil ventilatio ation n requirem requirement entss yo yours urself elf and the only only ventil ventilati ation on calculation option will be "Sum of Space OA Airflows". 





  Energy Standard. Standard.   Choose Choose whether whether the energy energy standa standard rd used used in this this project project will be ASHRAE ASHRAE Standard Stan dard 90.1-200 90.1-2004, 4, 90. 90.11-200 2007, 7, or 90.1-2 90.1-2010 010.. This This choice choice affects affects how HAP defaul defaults ts minimu minimum m efficien effi ciencies cies for equipm equipment ent.. When When the "ASHRA "ASHRAE E Minimu Minimum m Eqpt Eqpt Effici Efficienc ency" y" option option is sel select ected, ed, instead of directly specify equipment performance values like kW, EER, COP, SEER or HSPF or  average efficiency (%), the program will default efficiencies based on the ASHRAE 90.1 standard you select. In addition, addition, you choice of the ASHRAE 90.1 standard standard here will determin determinee the LEED® Rating System System used in the project. Because Because each LEED® rating system relates relates to a specific specific edition of ASHRAE Standard Standard 90.1, the two choices choices must be synchronized. synchronized. ASHRAE ASHRAE 90.1-2004 90.1-2004 is paired with LEED NC-2.2. ASHRAE 90.1-2007 is p paired aired with LEED 2009.

Choosee whether the LEED® rating system used in this project will be   LEED® Rating System. System.   Choos LEED NC-2.2 NC-2.2 or LEED 2009. This choice choice affects how the LEED EA Credit Credit 1 Summary Summary report is formatted. format ted. Forma Formatting tting is customized customized to the rating system system you select. As noted in the previous previous bullet, HAP autom automati aticall cally y syn synchr chroni onizes zes the ASHRAE ASHRAE 90.1 90.1 energy energy standa standard rd with with yo your ur LEED® LEED® Rating Rating system choice. currency ncy symbol symbol or abbreviation abbreviation to be used in this project. This input input   Currency Units.   Specify the curre will be used for all program inputs inputs and results involvi involving ng cost. For example, example, if you specify "$" as the currency units, all energy and fuel prices will be based on $ and all energy cost reports will display costs in units of $.

A.20.3 Command Buttons Finally, the form contains three buttons in the lower right-hand corner:   

  Press the  OK  button   button to apply any changes you’ve made to the preferences and then exit..   Press the  Cancel  button to exit without applying changes you’ve made to preferences.   Press the  Help  button to display the overview help topic for this window.

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[This page has been left blank intentionally]

 

Appendix B

Performing Common Project Mgt Tasks

This appendix appendix describes procedures procedures used to perform perform various project project management management tasks. As noted in Chapte Cha pterr 1, a project project is a contai container ner for data from HAP and othe otherr Carrie Carrierr progra programs. ms. HAP provide providess a wide variety of options for managing this data.

B.1 CREATING A NEW PROJECT A new project is typically typically created created when starting starting a design design job. The project will serve as the container container for  all your input and calculation calculation data for the job. To create a new project: 

  Choose the the New option on the Project Menu.



  If changes changes to the current project project have not yet been saved, saved, HAP will ask you if you wan wantt to save the



current project before creating a new one.   Then a new “Untitle “Untitled” d” project project will be created. created. No data for th this is project project will be permanen permanently tly sto stored red until the first time you use the Save option on the Project Menu.



  When you choose choose the Save option on on the Project Menu, y you’ll ou’ll be asked to name name the project.

B.2 OPENING AN EXISTING EXISTING PROJECT PROJECT Before you can enter data, edit data and generate reports for an existing project, you first need to open the project: 

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

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  Choose the the Open option on the Project Menu.   Th Thee Open Open Projec Projectt wind window ow will app appea ear. r. It contai contains ns a list list of all all exis existi ting ng proj projec ects ts arra arrang nged ed in alphabetical order. Select the desired desired project from this list.   If changes changes to the current project project have not yet been saved, saved, HAP will ask you if you wan wantt to save the current project before opening another one.   Then the project project you selected selected will will be loaded into memory memory.. When When you are retu returned rned to the HAP HAP main  program window, data for the project you selected will be displayed.

B.3 SAVING A PROJECT The Save option on the Project Menu is used to permanently store data you entered or changes you’ve made to a project. While working with a project, its data is stored in temporary temporary copies of the project data data files.. Saving files Saving the project copies copies your new data and your mod modified ified data to permanen permanentt storage storage.. To save a  project, simply choose the Save option on the Project Menu. Note that when you save a new project for  the first time, you will be asked to name the project. project. There Thereafter after,, when you save the projec projectt data will be saved under this project name automatically. By default the program will save data under \E20-II\PROJECTS in a folder whose name is the same as the project project name. Many users users elect to accept accept this storage convent convention. ion. However, However, for those who wish to save the data elsewhere, the software provides a feature to save the project in any folder on any drive

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Performing Common Project Management Tasks

accessible accessib le to your computer. computer. The only require requiremen mentt is that when the project is first saved the storag storagee folder must be empty. As a sound data management practice, we recommend saving the project periodically as you work with it. If you ever need to undo a mistake mistake you’ve made, made, you can re-open the project project without saving saving it. This restores the project data from your last project save, but any changes made since the last save will be lost. If project data is saved frequently, undoing a mistake will only cause a small amount of data to be lost.

B.4 SAVING A PROJECT AS A NEW PROJECT The Save As option on the Project Menu is used to store changes to your current project data in a new  project rather than the existing project. Typically this feature is used when making a copy of a project. To save a project as a new project: 





  First choose the Save As option on the Project Project Menu.   You will be asked asked to specify specify a name name for the new project. project. By default default the project project will be save saved d under  \E20-II \E20 -II\PR \PROJECT OJECTS S in a folder whose whose name name is the same same as the project name. Howe However, ver, users may override over ride this default default and save the data in any other folder. The only requ requirem irement ent is that when the  project is first saved the folder must be empty.   HAP then then saves your your current current project project data in the new new project project folder and and closes closes the old project. project. All subsequent changes to project data and saving of project data will affect the new project you created.

B.5 DELETING A PROJECT To delete a project: 

  First, choose the Delete option on the the Project Menu. The Delete Project window will appear. appear.

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  On the Delete Project window choose choose the project project you wish to delete.

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  HAP data files files for the selected selected project project will then be erased. erased. If the project project only contain contained ed HAP data, data, the project itself itself will be erased. However, However, if the project contained contained data from othe otherr programs, programs, the  project will remain in existence along with the data from these other programs. Example: A project contains HAP and AHUBuilder data. data. You choose the Project/Delete option option from within withi n HAP. Only the HAP data data will be erased. The project project will contin continue ue to exist and will contain contain only data for AHUBuilder.

The cannot Projectbe Project/Del /Delete ete option should be used with care. When project project data is dele deleted ted it is permanen permanently tly lost and recovered.

B.6 EDITING PROJECT PROPERTIES The Properties option on the Project Menu is used to enter or change the descriptive information for a  project. When this menu option is selected the Project Properties window appears. It contains the descriptive items items listed below. Of these the Project Name is the only item that that must be defined since it is used throughout throughout HAP for various various purposes. purposes. All of the other items items are for the user’s own referenc referencee and are therefore optional. 



  Project Name:  A reference name name for the project. It appears on all HAP HAP reports, in the title bar of the HAP main main progra program m window window and on selectio selection n lists lists when when openin opening g and deletin deleting g projec projects. ts. It is important to use a descriptive name for the project so you can easily determine what data the project contai con tains. ns. Note Note that after a projec projectt ha hass be been en saved saved for the fir first st time its project project name name can cannot not be changed, except by using the Save As option on the Project Menu.   Job Number Number::  A reference reference number for the project. Users often often enter the internal billin billing g numbe numberr or  company reference number for the project here.

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  Contact Type:  An item that defines who the client for the project is: a contractor, owner, architect, etc…   Contact Contact Name:   The name of the client or a person in the client’s firm who is the contact for this  project.   Salesperson:   The name of the salesp salespers erson on wor workin king g with with you on the project project to supply supply HVAC equipment information.   Date:  A significant significant date for the project. Some Some users specify the the date the project project was created. created. Others Others specify the contract date or a delivery date.   Notes:   Notes concerning the status of the project or any other pertinent informa information. tion.

Presss the OK button on the Project Pres Project Properties Properties window to exit and save the changes changes you made. made. Press the Cancel button on the Project Properties window to exit without saving changes.

B.7 ARCHIVING A PROJECT The Archive Archive option on the Project menu menu saves project data in one com compress pressed ed file for safekeepi safekeeping. ng. A  project is typically archived when saving it for backup storage, for future reference, or when transferring data from one computer computer to another. In order to archive data data for a project: 

  First open open the project project you wish to archive. archive. When you you choose choose the Archive Archive option, option, HAP HAP data for the



currently open project will be archived.   Choose the the Archive Archive option on the Project Menu. Menu.

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

  You will then be asked to specify the name name of the archive file and the dest destinat ination ion drive and fold folder  er  where the archive archive file will be written. Use a descriptive descriptive name for the archive archive file so you will be able to recognize it easily when when you need to use it in the future. The destination folder you specify can b bee on a hard disk drive or on removab removable le media such as a zip drive or floppy disk disks. s. When When using floppy disks dis ks,, it is helpfu helpfull to hav havee a set of forma formatte tted d flo floppi ppies es ready. ready. While While the archive archive softwar softwaree wil willl automatic autom atically ally format format disks, disks, the archive archive runs faster if you use pre-formatte pre-formatted d floppies. floppies. Once a file name and folder has been specified, press the Save button.   The program program then compresse compressess the HAP data files for the current project, project, placing placing the data in a single single ZIP-form ZIP -format at file in the destination destination folder you specified specified.. When When archivin archiving g to floppy disks, the archi archive ve file will be spanned across multiple floppies if this is necessary.

 Note: Archiving data does not remove it from the project. It merely stores a copy of the data for  safekeeping.. You can continue working with safekeeping with the current project data after it has been archived.

B.8 RETRIEVING A PROJECT PROJECT Th Thee Retri Retriev evee opti option on on the the Pr Proj ojec ectt menu menu rest restor ores es data data th that at was was pr prev evio ious usly ly arch archiv ived ed usin using g th thee Project/A Proje ct/Archiv rchivee option. option. The Archive option saves saves project project data in one compr compressed essed file for safekeepi safekeeping. ng. The Retrieve Retrieve option option uncompresse uncompressess the archive archive data and makes it available available for use again. again. A project is typically retrieved when receiving archive data from another computer, when referring to an old project that was archived archived for safekeepi safekeeping, ng, or when restoring backup backup data after a hard disk failure. failure. In order to retrieve data for a project: 



  First create create a new project project or open the project project you wa want nt to retrie retrieve ve data into. into. Data is alway alwayss retrieved retrieved into the currently open project. Often users create a new project to receive retrieved retrieved data so ex existing isting dataa will dat will not be ov overw erwrit ritten ten.. For example example,, if the current current pro projec jectt con contai tains ns HAP HAP data, data, when you retrieve retrie ve archived archived HAP data data it will replace all of the current current data. Thus, if you do not want to lose data in the current project, you must create a new project before retrieving.   Choose Choose the Retrieve Retrieve option option on the Project Project Menu. The program program will display display a window window asking asking you to identify the archive file you wish to retrieve data from.

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  Once a file is identified, the program will display its vital statistics. statistics. These statistics include the name of the archived project project and the data contained contained in the archive. archive. You are asked to confirm that that this is the archive archive data you want to retrieve. retrieve. Press the Retrieve Retrieve button button to begin retrieval, retrieval, or the Browse  button to select a different archive file.   The selected data will then be retrieved from the archive archive file and placed in the current project. When you return to the HAP main program window, the HAP data you retrieved will be displayed.

B.9 CONVERTING DATA FROM PREVIOUS VERSIONS The “Convert” options on the Project Menu are used to convert data from prior versions of HAP for use in the curre current nt ve versi rsion. on. Typica Typically lly these these option optionss are used when you starte started d a projec projectt wit with h a previ previous ous version vers ion of HAP and want to com complete plete the work using the new version. version. The proced procedure ure for converting converting  previous version data varies depending on whether the previous version is HAP v4.x (i.e. Windows-based software) or HAP v3.2 (DOS-based (DOS-based software). Each procedure will be discussed below. below.

B.9.1 Converting v4.x Data HAP v4.x data can be converted converted from either either an active active project or an archive file. An active active project is one that would appear on the Open Project window if you set the project filter to a specific earlier version su such ch as “Hou “Hourly rly An Anal alys ysis is Prog Progra ram m v4.8” v4.8”.. An archi archive ve file file is a .E .E3A 3A file file yo you u pr prod oduc uced ed using using the “Archive” option in the previous version of HAP to store project data for backup or archival purposes. Procedures for converting data from each source are provided below. A. Converting an Archive File

This procedure procedure applies for the case where previous versio version n data is stored stored in an .E3A archive file. Data in the archive file will be extracted extracted and then converted to current HAP format. format. Data will be saved in the current curre nt HAP project project folder. folder.

1. Run the current current version version of HAP. HAP. 2. Select Select the pro project ject in which which converte converted d data will will be stored. stored. a. Users typica typically lly use the New option option on the Project Me Menu nu to create a new new,, untitled untitled project and and then save this project after converting the data.  b. An alternative is to use the Open option on the Project Menu to open an existing project. However, if that project already contains current HAP data the existing data will be replaced by converted conv erted data and will be lost. Therefore Therefore using Project/Ope Project/Open n should only be done when when the existing project doesn’t yet have current version data or loss of the existing data is not a concern. 3. Start the conv conversion ersion process by by choosing “Convert HAP HAP v4.x Data” Data” on the Project Menu. 4. If an existing project project was opened opened in step 2, a message message will will appear warning warning that current current HAP data in the project will be overwritten by converted data. data. If it is OK to proceed, press the Yes button. 5

On the “Conv “Convert ert HAP v4.x v4.x Data” window, window, press press the “Archive “Archive File” File” button, button, indicating indicating you you want to convert data from an archive file.

6. In the File Open Open window window choose the the archive archive file you wish wish to convert convert data from. from. For exampl example, e, this might be an archive file containing HAP v4.8 data. 7. The contents contents of the archive file will will be extracted extracted and then converted converted a format format require required d by the current versi version on of HAP. HAP. At the the end end of the the conv conver ersi sion on a me mess ssag agee will will appe appear ar in indi dica cati ting ng whet whethe herr th thee conversion was successful. 8. After inspecti inspecting ng the converted converted data, data, use the Save option option on the Project Men Menu u to save the data

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Appendix B

B. Converting Data in an Active Project

This proced This procedure ure applies applies for the case where the previous previous version version data is in an active active proje project. ct. This This old  version data will be converted to current HAP data format and saved in the same project folder as the original data.

1. Run the current current version version of HAP. HAP. 2. Select Select the pro project ject containi containing ng data to to be converted converted.. a. Choose Choose the the Op Open en op option tion on Project Project Menu. Menu.  b. In the Open Project window change the filter at the bottom of the window to the specific  previous version, such as “Hourly Analysis Program v4.8” if converting from v4.8 This will display displ ay a list of projects projects containing containing data from that that version of HAP. You can also set the filte filterr to “Show All Projects” if desired. c. Choose Choose the desired desired project project from the list. list. If this projec projectt has nev never er been been opene opened d with the the current current version of HAP before, a blank set of files in the current format will be created when you open the project. project. Thus, when when you return to the main window window you’ll see a project containin containing g no data yet. Continue with steps 3 thru thru 6 to fill it with converted data. 3. Start the conv conversion ersion process by by choosing “Convert HAP HAP v4.x Data” Data” on the Project Menu. 4. A message message will appear warning warning that current current version data the project project will be overwrit overwritten ten by converted converted data. data . This is OK since at this point you you have a blank set of curre current nt data in the project. project. Press Press “Yes” to continue. 5

On the “Con “Convert vert HAP v4.x v4.x Data” window, window, press press the “Active “Active Project” Project” button, button, indicating indicating you you want to convert data from an active project.

6. Old version version data in the project project will then be converted converted to the format format required required by the current current version version of  HAP. At the end of the conversio conversion n a message message will appear appear indicating indicating whether whether the conv conversio ersion n was successful. 7. After inspecting the converted converted data, use the Save option on the Project Menu to save the data. data.

B.9.2 Converting v3.2 Data This scenario scenario applies when converting converting data from a HAP v3.2 project. project. It also applies when conv convertin erting g dataa from dat a Sy Syste stem m Desig Design Load Load v1.2 v1. 2 pro projec ject. t. Both Both were were old DOSDOS-ba based sed vers version ionss of HAP release released d  between 1995 and 1999. Ton convert this data: 

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  First, First, mak makee sure sure the data data yo you u wish wish to convert convert has been load loaded ed into a projec projectt fol folder der for the DOS  program. For example, when converting from HAP v3.2, the data being converted must be stored in one of the HAP v3.2 data folders. folders. Note that it is not possible possible to convert convert data directly directly from a HAP v3.2 archive file. The archive file must first be retrieved into a HAP v3.2 project folder.   Next, while while running the current current version of HAP, open open the project you wan wantt to place the converted converted data in. In many cases, cases, users will create create a new project project and place converte converted d data in this project to avoid overwriting and destroying data in an existing project.   Then Then choose choose the “Convert “Convert HAP v3.2 v3.2 Project Project Data” Data” option option on the Projec Projectt Menu. A window window will appea app ear. r. It is used used to identif identify y the data data folde folderr contai containin ning g data you want to convert. convert. HAP HAP v3.2 and System Syst em Design Design Load v1.2 stored stored data in a rigid tree structure. structure. There Therefore, fore, if you are looking looking for HAP v3.2 v3. 2 data data fol folder ders, s, they they wil willl be fou found nd benea beneath th the \E20 \E20-I -II\ I\HAP HAP32 32 fol folder der.. If you are looking looking for  System Design Load v1.2 data folders, they will be found beneath the \E20-II\SDL12 folder.   Choose the data folder containing the data you wish to convert. convert.

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Performing Common Project Management Tasks

  Then the program reads data from the HAP v3.2 or System Design Load v1.2 v1.2 data folder, converts converts it to a format compatible with the current version of HAP and saves the data in the current project. When Whe n the conve conversi rsion on is fin finish ished, ed, the pro progra gram m displa displays ys a messa message ge indica indicatin ting g whethe whetherr the data data translatio trans lation n was successful. successful. Press Press the Help button in this mess message age windo window w for further further information information about the translation process and for tips on how to work with the data once it is available in the current version of HAP.  Note the following categories of data converted from HAP v3.2 and ,System Load v1.2:: that v1.2 design desig n weather, weat her, spaces, air systems syst ems,,are schedules sche dules,, walls, wall s, roofs, windows, windows doors Design and external exte rnal shades. shade s. The following following categories categories of data are not converte converted d beca because use of significa significant nt compa compatibili tibility ty issues: simulation weather data, calendar data, electric rates, fuel rates, plants and buildings.

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  Finall Finally, y, when you return return to the HAP main program program window, window, the data data yo you u conve converte rted d will will be displayed.

B.9.3 How Previous Version Data is Converted When data from a previous version of HAP is converted to be compatible with the current version, it is “translated” rather than “transferred”. “transferred”. It is important to make make a distinction between “translation” “translation” of data and “transfer” of data: 



  “Data “Data Transfer” Transfer” refers to the simple simple copyi copying ng of data. The result result of a data transfer transfer is an exact copy o of  f  the original data. No data is added, deleted deleted or modified.   discarded The resultand of other “Data “Dataitems Transl Translati ation” on” is the original original data with with mi missi ssing ng items items adde added, d, unusab unusable le items items reorganized.

Fortunately translation of data from one version of HAP to the next preserves the vast majority of your  data. To view information about items items adjusted during translation and about which cate categories gories of data are converted, press the Help button in the status message window that appears at the end of the translation  process.

B.10 PUBLISHING EQUIPMENT SIZING REQUIREMENTS FOR USE IN ECAT The   Publish Equipment Sizing Requirements  option on the Project Menu is used to electronically link  HAP sizing results with Carrier Electronic Catalog (E-CAT) to make selecting equipment faster and easier. A toolbar button is also provided provided for this purpose. The traditional process for equipment selections involves first running a system design tool like HAP to generate equipment sizing requirements, then printing the requirements, and finally manually entering the requirements intoentry an equipment eqsteps uipment selection selection tool likeyou E-CAT. E-CA T. With the  Publish  option in HAP the  Publish and manual data entry are eliminated. eliminated . Once  equipment sizing requirements, theprinting data is immediately available to drive equipment selections in E-CAT. There The re are two ways ways to use the Pu Publi blish sh feature feature to make equipm equipment ent selecti selections ons easi easier. er. The first is the collaboration  scenario where you are doing the design work and your Carrier sales engineer is assisting yo you u with selecti selections ons.. This This proced procedure ure is describ described ed in part A below below.. The second second is the   do-it-yourself    scenario scen ario where you are doing both the design work and the equipment equipment selec selections tions.. This procedure procedure is described in part B below. A. Collaboration Scenario

1. Use HAP to perform sizing sizing calculations calculations for your air systems systems and plants (if applicable). applicable). 2. When the design design is finished finished and you're you're ready for equipment equipment selection, selection, select select the "Publish "Publish Equipment Equipment Sizing Requirements" option on the Project Menu, or click the corresponding toolbar button. 3.  plants In the whose Publish Publishsizing Equipment Equipme nt Sizingyou Requireme Requir ements window (Figure B10.1) B10.1 ) select seleof ct athe syste mssystems and/or  requirements wish tonts publish. This window consists listsystems of all and plants in the current project for which sizing calculations calculations have been run. To select an item in the

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Appendix B

list, check check the box to the left of the item. When finished finished choosing choosing items items to publi publish, sh, press the OK   button.

Figure B10.1. Publish Equipment Sizing Requirements 4. Next, Next, choose the "E-mail "E-mail Sales Engi Engineer" neer" option option on the Project Project Menu or click the correspondin corresponding g  button on the toolbar. This feature is used to send an archive of your project to your Carrier sales engineer so he or she can use the data to perform equipment equipment selections. Note that you should should always chec check k with with your your Carri Carrier er sa sale less engi engine neer er be befo fore re send sendin ing g e-ma e-mail il.. See See Sect Sectio ion n B. B.11 11 fo forr fu furt rthe her  r  information. B. Do-It-Yourself Scenario

1. Use HAP to perform sizing sizing calculations calculations for your air systems systems and plants (if applicable). applicable). 2. When the design design is finished finished and you're you're ready for equipment equipment selection, selection, select select the "Publish "Publish Equipment Equipment Sizing Requirements" option on the Project Menu, or click the corresponding toolbar button. 3. In the Publish Publish Equipment Equipment Sizing Requirem Requirements ents window (Figure (Figure B10.1), B10.1), select select the systems systems and/or  and/or   plants whose sizing requirements you wish to publish. This window consists of a list of all systems and plants in the current project for which sizing calculations calculations have been run. To select an item in the list, check check the box to the left of the item. When finished finished choosing choosing items items to publi publish, sh, press the OK   button. 4. HAP will will then then publis publish h data for the syste systems ms and plants plants you select selected. ed. For each each syste system m or plant plant selected one or more equipment tags will be generated. generated. For example, for a 45-zone 45-zone water-source heat  pump system, 45 equipment tags would be created - one for each heat pump unit. 5. Next, Next, run Carrie Carrierr X Builder Builder Frame Framework work.. 6. In the project project tree on the left side side of the X Builder main main windo window, w, click the the "+" symbol symbol next to the  project containing your design data to open the project (the same project used in steps 1-4). Then click the "+" symbol next to the Tags item in this project to display the equipment tags in the project. The list of tags will include all those tags you created with the Publish option in steps 2-4. 7. Single Single click on an equipmen equipmentt tag item to display display information information about about the tag. 8. Double-cl Double-click ick on an equipment equipment tag item to launch the product product wizard which which allows you to perform a select-by selec t-by-pe -perform rformance ance calculatio calculation. n. Many of the equipment equipment sizing requiremen requirements ts displaye displayed d in the  product wizard screens default using data obtained from HAP. Finally, from the list of candidate selections meeting your requirements, choose the equipment unit you wish to use.

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B.11 E-MAILING PROJECT DATA TO YOUR CARRIER SALES ENGINEER The  Send Email to Sales Engineer   option on the Project Menu is used to automatically archive the current project and e-mail it to your Carrier sales engineer so the sales engineer can perform equipment selections against your data. Integration features that link HAP with the Carrier Electronic Catalog (E-CAT) Builder programs are steadily stea dily being added. added. These electroni electronicc links links between between HAP and Builder Builder programs programs can increase increase your   productivity. It is no longer necessary to print the sizing results and manually enter the data into a Builder program to run selections. selections. Now this data can flow electronically betw between een programs. You can use HAP HAP siz sizing ing results results in a Carrie Carrierr E-C E-CAT AT Bui Builde lderr to select select equi equipm pment ent yoursel yourself. f. Or you collaboratee with your sales engineer collaborat engineer to have the sales sales engineer engineer do the selection selections. s. In the latter case, the "Send Email to Sales Engineer" feature helps with this collaboration. When collaborating with your Carrier sales engineer, its important to do four things before using the "Send Email..." feature: 

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 

  Contac Contactt your your Carrie Carrierr sales sales engin engineer eer to ma make ke sure he or she is able able to ass assist ist you with equipm equipment ent selections.   Make sure you have specified specified the e-mail e-mail address address of your Carrier Carrier sales engineer engineer via the Preferences Preferences option on the View Menu.   Make sure you have have finished running system system design calculations calculations for your systems systems in your project.   Use the Publish Publish Equipm Equipment ent Sizing Sizing Requirem Requirement entss button button on the HAP HAP toolba toolbarr to gener generate ate the requirements needed by E-CAT programs for making selections.

Once you're ready to send data, steps in the process are as follows: 1. Select Select the "Send Emai Emaill to Sale Saless Engineer" Engineer" option on the Project Project Menu or press the "Send Ema Email... il...""  button on the toolbar. 2. HAP will automatically automatically save save your your current project, if necessary. 3. HAP will then automatically automatically archive archive the project. You'll be asked to name the archive archive file. 4. HAP will then laun launch ch your e-mail e-mail software, create create an e-mail e-mail addressed to your your Carrier sales engineer  and attach the archive file to the e-mail. 5. You will need to add the subject subject for the e-mail e-mail and write the e-mail e-mail mes messag sagee ask asking ing you yourr sales sales engineer engi neer to select select equipme equipment nt against the systems systems in your project. project. Finally Finally press the Send button to send the e-mail.  Notes: a. The "Send Email... Email..."" feature requires requires that you use e-mail e-mail softwa software re installed installed on your compute computerr hard disk. This is called "client-ba "client-based" sed" e-mail. e-mail. In addition addition the software software must comply comply with the Microsoft Microsoft MAPI standard standard for email messagin messaging. g. Most clie client-b nt-based ased e-mail e-mail softwa software re does comply. comply. Examples Examples includ inc ludee Micros Microsoft oft Outlook Outlook and Eudora Eudora.. Note Note that that if you use webweb-bas based ed e-m e-mail ail like Yahoo Yahoo or  Hotmail, Hotm ail, the feature will not work. work. In that case you use an the altern alternate ate appro approach ach - use the archive archive option opt ion on the Project Project Menu Menu to archiv archivee yo your ur projec projectt and then compos composee an e-ma e-mail il to your your sales sales engineer and attach your archive file.  b. Some configurations of computers, computer networks, or e-mail software will prevent the "Send Email... Ema il..."" feature from working. working. This is typical typically ly due to security security settin settings gs that preven preventt a software software  program from remotely r emotely launching your e-mail program or fr from om remotely creating e-mail messages. If  this problem exists, an error message will appear when you try to use the "Send Email..." feature. One possible solution is to make sure your e-mail software is running before you use the feature in HAP. If this does not resolve the problem, problem, you will need to create create and send the e-ma e-mail il yourself yourself by running your e-mail software, creating a message and attaching the HAP archive file.

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B.12 EXPORTING RESULTS TO ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The  Export to Engineering Economic Analysis   option on the Project Menu shares HAP data with the Carrier Carri er Engineeri Engineering ng Economic Economic Analysis Analysis (EEA) program to help you construct construct and perform perform lifecycle lifecycle studie stu diess more more effici efficien ently tly.. HA HAP P will will export export energy energy cost data data and equipme equipment nt lists lists fro from m your your buildi building ng simulations for use in the EEA program. A toolbar button is also provided provided for this purpose. The following procedure is used to export and then incorporate cost data in a lifecycle analysis: 1. Use HAP to create a building energy energy analy analysis sis which culm culminate inatess in running running the building building simulation simulation calculation. 2. Se Sele lect ct th thee  Export to Engineering Economic Analysis  option on the Project Menu or the click the correspond corre sponding ing toolbar toolbar button. button. HAP will automa automatical tically ly export energy cos costt data for all simulate simulated d  buildings in your project. 3. Start the Engineering Economic Analysis (EEA) program. program. 4. In the EEA program program,, open the projec projectt which contai contains ns the HAP energy energy analy analysis sis dat data. a. To do this, choosee Open on the Project choos Project Menu. In the Open Project Project window, window, set the filter at the bottom of the window to "Show all Projects" and then select the project. 5. Then creat createe a "Study "Study"" in EE EEA A using using the New  option on the Study Menu. 6. With With yo your ur new Study highli highligh ghted ted in the tree, choos choosee the   Import HAP Data   option on the Study Menu. HAP cost data will be imported. imported. For each simulated simulated building in HAP, HAP, a separate Design Design Case will be created within the Study. 7. Finally, Finally, edit these Design Design Cases Cases to add further further information information about about investment investment and maintenanc maintenancee costs. In each Design Case you will see a list of HVAC equipment in the investment cost table that is defaulted from HAP data for your building design - you will need to add purchase and installation cost data for these. these. You will also see energy cost informatio information n in the operating operating cost table defaulted defaulted from HAP results for the building simulation.

B.13 IMPORTING DATA FROM ANOTHER PROJECT The  Import HAP Project Data   option on the Project Menu is used to transfer data from another HAP  project into the current project. This option has two major applications: 1. Transferring Transferring one one or a few categories categories of data data from one project project into a new new project. project. For exampl example, e, you ma may y use similar simi wall, roofnew or project, win window dowyou asse assemb mblie liess the in Import all your proje projects cts.. Data Rathe Rather r tha than ntomanua ma nually lly recreating thislar data in each can use HAP Project option transfer  wall, roof and window assemblies from an existing project into your new project. 2. Mergin Merging g whole whole projec projects ts togeth together. er. For large buildin building g projec projects, ts, indiv individu idual al pro projec jectt tea team m memb members ers sometime some timess model parts of the building building in separate separate HAP projects projects early in the project. Later Later in the  project cycle, team members members may wish to combine their work together into one large project for final design desig n or simulatio simulation n calculations calculations.. The Impo Import rt HAP Project Data option provides provides a quick way of  merging projects together. The Application Information discussion at the end of this section explains how to use the Import Project HAP Data option for each of these scenarios. Basic Procedure.  Data is imported using the following procedure.

1. Run HAP HAP and open the projec projectt you want to imp import ort dat dataa into. This This project project is the de desti stinat nation ion for  imported data. 2. Ch Choo oose se th thee  Import HAP Project Data  option on the Project Menu.

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3. The Selec Selectt Projec Projectt window window wil willl appea appear. r. It allows allows you to choose choose the HAP project project from which which you want to import data. This is the source of imported imported data.

4. The “Select “Select Data Data to Import” Import” window window appea appears rs next as shown shown in the figure above above.. .. It is used to specify specify the data items items in indivi individua duall dat dataa categ categori ories es you wish wish to im impor port. t. Your Your work work with with this this window window involves selecting a data category (in the left-hand panel) and then selecting items in that category (in the center panel) to be imported. Repeat this process for all ca categories tegories you wish wish to import data from. from. Press the Import button in the lower right when ready to import the selected data. The window contains four key components: a.

The  Data Categories  box on the left lists the data categories from which items can be imported. To select select a partic particula ularr dat dataa categ category ory clic click k on its name. name. It will be highli highlight ghted ed to show show it is selected. In the figure above Schedules Schedules has been selected.

 b. The  Source Project box in the center of the window lists items available for importing from the source sou rce projec project. t. To select select an item item plac placee a check check mark mark in the box next next to the item. item. To quickly quickly sel selec ectt all items items in the catego category, ry, press press the “Selec “Selectt All” All” but button ton below below the list box. To quick quickly ly unsele uns elect ct all items, items, press press the “Unsele “Unselect ct All” All” button button.. In the fig figure ure above above the source source project project contains four schedules. The first three have been selected and will be importe imported. d. c.

The   Current Project   box on the right lists items in the selected data category in the current  project. This information is provided for reference only. Often it is useful to review r eview the contents of the current current project before deciding deciding which items to import from a sourc sourcee project. In the figure above the current project does not contain any schedules yet.

d.   Command Command Buttons Buttons   appear appear in the lower right right part of the window. window. Press Import  to import the itemss you selected. item selected. As mentioned mentioned earlier items from multiple multiple categorie categoriess can be imported all in one session session.. Press Press  Cancel  to exit without importing data. Press Help  to display this help topic. 5. Next, Next, the Im Impor portt Data Data confirm confirmati ation on windo window w appea appears rs as sho shown wn below. below. It lists the number number of data data

items selected in each data category category and provides a chance chance to review and approve yo your ur selections. If  B-10

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the quantities quantities are correct, correct, press the Yes button button to continu continue. e. To revise selections selections press the No button to return to the Select Data to Import window.

6. The data you you selected selected will then then be imported imported from the source source project project into the current current project. project. A status monitor will show the progress of this work. 7. When data data has been been imported imported a confirmation confirmation window window will will appear. appear. Its appeara appearance nce is sim similar ilar to the Import Imp ort Window Window shown above. above. Its purpo purpose se is to confirm confirm the data importe imported d successfull successfully. y. In most cases the quantities shown in the confirmation window will match those in the original Import Data window. However, when you select data categories categories with linked items, the number of items shown as imported impo rted on the second second confirmation confirmation window window will be larger than on the first. For exam example, ple, if you selected spaces to beorimported, these spaces may link or more schedules, wall, roof, window or door assembl asse mblies, ies, to external shade geometrie geom etries. s. to Toone provide a complete com plete represent repre sentation ation of the spaces you requested, HAP will automatically identify and import all linked schedules, walls, roofs, windows, windo ws, doors, and shade geometrie geometries. s. These linked linked items will then be included included in the tally on the second seco nd confirmation confirmation screen. screen. Data categories categories in a HAP project that have linked items items are spac spaces, es, air  systems, plants, buildings and, in some cases, electric rates and fuel rates. Application Information.   The general general steps above above should should be applie applied d as follows follows for the two major  major  applications of the Import HAP Project Data option: (A) Transferring Transferring One or a Few Categories Categories of Data from One Project to Another Another

1. Run Run HAP. Open Open the "desti "destina natio tion" n" projec projectt you wan wantt to import import data data into. into. This This is often often a new  project.. 2. Ch Choo oose se the the  Import HAP Project Data  option on the Project Menu. 3. Se Selec lectt the "source "source"" projec projectt fro from m which data data will will be importe imported. d. This This may be another another existin existing g  project or a project you have set up as a "template", containing commonly commonly used data that you import into each new project you create.

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4. In “Select “Select Data to Import” Import” window choose choose the first data category category you wish wish to import in the lefthand panel, and then the individual items you wish to import from that category in the middle  panel. 5. Repeat Repeat step 4 for each each categor category y of data yo you u want to import. import. 6. Click Click the Import Import button. button. 7. Check Check the data data on the confirm confirmation ation window. window. If data is is correct, correct, pres presss Yes to imp import ort the data. data. (B) Merging Merging Whole Projects

1. Run Run HAP. Open Open the "desti "destinat nation ion"" project project you wa want nt to impor importt data into into.. This This could could be a new  project, or more frequently it will be an existing project that contains a portion of the building you are modeling. 2. Ch Choo oose se the the  Import HAP Project Data  option on the Project Menu. 3. Select Select the "source" "source" project project from which which data data will be im importe ported. d. This will will be a project project containi containing ng one of the other portions of the building being modeled. 4. In “Sele “Select ct Data Data to Impor Import” t” win window dow choos choosee the "Buildin "Building" g" categ category ory in the left-han left-hand d panel. panel. Typically for merge scenarios, there will only be one Building item item in the project. Check the box to select that item. 5. Click Click the Import Import button. button. 6. Check Check the data data on the confirm confirmation ation window. window. If data is is correct, correct, pres presss OK to impo import rt the data. data. 7. Repeat Repeat steps 2 through through 6 if there are further further projects containi containing ng portions portions of the building building that need need to be merged into the current project. As noted earlier, the Import option imports the data you selected and the software identifies all linked items and automatically automatically imports those as well. Therefore if you select one Building item for import, HAP will will im impor portt tha thatt Build Building ing and wil willl autom automati atical cally ly im impor portt all plants plants,, air syste systems ms,, space spaces, s, schedules, walls, roofs, windows, doors, shades, chillers, towers, boilers, electric rates and fuel rates it identi identifie fiess as linked linked to tha thatt Bui Buildi lding. ng. In this way way the full cont content ent of a buildi building ng from the source source  project can be combined into the destination project.

B.14 IMPORTING DATA FROM CAD AND BIM SOFTWARE The   Import gbXML Data   option on the Project Menu is used to read data from a gbXML-format file created by another software program and use it to automatically generate HAP space, wall, roof, window, door and schedule schedule data. This feature can help you greatly greatly reduc reducee the time and effort needed to transfer  transfer   building information from floor plan drawings into HAP for use in load calculations and energy analyses. For example, you might use a computer aided drafting (CAD) or building information modeling (BIM) tool to extract floor plan information from drawing files and write the data in gbXML format, and then use HAP to read the gbXML to produce produce spaces and construc construction tion data. This electronic electronic trans transfer fer replaces replaces the manual process of taking data off drawings and manually entering it into HAP. About gbXML.   gbXML gbXML is increasingly increasingly being being used as a neutr neutral al format for exchangi exchanging ng building data  between such tools as Computer Aided Drafting (CAD), Building Information Modeling (BIM) and engineering analysis analysis software programs. “gbXML” stands for “green building XML” XML”.. “XML stands for  “exte “extensi nsible ble markmark-up up lan langu guag age” e” which which is a langua language ge for repres represent enting ing inform informati ation. on. While While the name name suggests a use for green building applications, gbXML is usable for any application, green or otherwise. Certain software vendors offer tools to produce gbXML-format files from CAD drawings or BIM data. As long long as a tool tool ge gene nerat rates es gb gbXML XML data which which conform conformss to the gbXML “sch “schem ema” a” (the rul rules es for  formatting the data) v0.34 or later HAP will be able to read and translate the gbXML data. Typical Operating Procedure.   The typical typical procedure procedure for creating, creating, impo importing rting and using gbXML data

generated from CAD drawings involves the following steps. B-12

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1. CAD floor floor plan drawing drawingss for a building building are created created or receive received. d. 2. Use your CAD-rel CAD-related ated tool to extra extract ct information information from the floor floor plan drawings drawings and save the data data in gbXML format. 3. Ru Run n HAP. HAP. 4. If importing importing data data for the first time time for this building, building, create create a new, untitle untitled d project. project. Or, if drawings drawings have been revised and you are updating data you previously imported into HAP, then open the  project that contains the building data. 5. Choose Choose the “Impor “Importt gbXML” gbXML” option option on the Project Project Menu. Menu. 6. In the Choose Choose gbXML gbXML File window, window, choose choose the gbXML gbXML file you created created in step #2. #2.

7. If the project already already contains contains data (as when you are updating updating previously previously importe imported d data), you will will be asked whether the gbXML should be used to “Replace Existing” items or to “Create New” items.

8. HAP will then then read the gbXML gbXML and translate translate the data data into a format format HAP can use. 9. At the end of the transl translati ation, on, HAP wi will ll ask if you’d like like to dis displa play y the   gbXML Translation Report . This report summarizes the space data that was imported and also lists any problems encountered during the translation.

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10. When the program returns to the Main Window, save the project. 11. Then Then review review,, revise revise and add to the importe imported d data. data. Too Tools ls that that create create gbXM gbXML L provi provide de varyi varying ng quanti qua ntitie tiess of inform informati ation on which which range rangess from from simple simple to extens extensive ive.. The amount amount of buildi building ng data data written to gbXML depends on the tool you use and the amount of effort invested before exporting the gbXML. gbXM L. For example, example, if the gbXML file only contains contains information information about surface surface areas for wall walls, s, roofs, windows, doors, and floors, you will need to add information about constructions, internal loads, infiltration, etc... after the data has been imported in order to complete the definition of the spaces. Note:  Its best not to revise the names of imported items such as spaces, walls, roofs, windows, doors or schedules. If you anticipate updating data data later when building drawings are revised, revised, you’ll need the ori origin ginal al item names names in order order to match match the revised revised data with the original original data. data. Se Seee the “Tips “Tips for  Optimizing Transfer” paragraph below for more details.

12. Finally you can proceed with creating the rest of your analysis to calculate loads, size equipment and estimate energy costs. Tips for Optimizing Optimizing Transfer.   The following following tips can make your use of the data more effici efficient ent once it has been imported into HAP. Provide meaningful names to items before exporting exporting gbXML gbXML..   Tools which 1.   Provide which generate generate gbXML allow you to assign names to spaces, wall assemblies, roof assemblies, etc..., or will default them if  you don’t don’t assign assign names. names. Your Your use of the data after after it is importe imported d into into HAP will be easier easier if yo you u

assigned assig nedismeaningf mean ingful ul some namestools to items you canname tell them youexample, don’t assign names namemight s before gbXML exported, assignsothe same to allapart. items. IfFor all all spaces be named nam ed “Engineering “Engineering Space”. Space”. Even Even though though HAP will import import the names as “Eng “Enginee ineering ring Space(1)”, Space(1)”, “Engineering Space(2)” to differentiate them, it tends to be harder to work this kind of data than if  the spaces have meaningful names like “Room A101”, “Room A102” etc... Provide unique names to items before exporting exporting to gbXML. gbXML.   When naming items 2.   Provide items before gbXML is export exported, ed, it is im impor portan tantt to ass assign ign unique unique names names to the items items.. This This is critic critical al if yo you u antic anticipa ipate te importing gbXML into HAP multiple times during the course of the project as floor plan drawings are revised. revised. The “Replace “Replace Existing” Existing” feature (mentioned (mentioned earlier) earlier) uses the item names to determin determinee what existing existing HAP data must must be replaced replaced with new data from gbXML. For example, example, if the software software finds a space named “Room A101” in gbXML, it will search for a space with the same name in HAP in order to determin determinee what data should be replac replaced. ed. If unique names names are not used in the tool that exports gbXML, HAP will not be able to match items and correctly replace the data. For example, if  every every space in the CAD tool tool is na name med d “En “Engi ginee neerin ring g Space” Space” and the spac spaces es in HAP are nam named ed “Engineering Space(1)”, “Engineering Space(2)”, etc.., when HAP imports the data a second time it

will not be names able tolike match the gbXMLSpace(1)” space dataand named “Engineering existing in HAP with “Engineering therefore will not Space” be able with to replace thespaces existing data. Provide unique names for each unique window, skyl skylight ight or door before exporting to gbXML gbXML.. 3.   Provide If the tool you use to generate gbXML allows you to create window, skylight or door construction data,, special data special care needs to be taken when assigning assigning unique names names to these construct constructions. ions. A unique wind window ow,, sk skyl ylig ight ht or door door cons constru truct ctio ion n sh shou ould ld be defin defined ed in gb gbXM XML L fo forr each each un uniq ique ue set set of  dimension dime nsionss for the window, window, skylight skylight or door. The definition definition of a window or skylight skylight constructio construction n in gbXML is limited to the performance data only – U-value and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient or Shade Coef Co effi fici cien ent. t. Simi Simila larl rly, y, the the door door cons constr truc ucti tion on in gb gbXM XML L is limi limite ted d to U-va U-valu lue. e. The The sam same constructi const ruction on can be assigned assigned to wind windows, ows, skylights skylights or doors of different sizes. sizes. In HAP, however, however, a window, windo w, skylight skylight or door is defined both by its performance performance data and its size. Therefore, Therefore, in HAP a 3x5 window and a 3x6 window are two different window assemblies, where in gbXML the two different sized window openings might use the same same gbXML “window type”. If you use one window type in gbXML for multiple window openings of different sizes, HAP will import multiple versions of these as “Window(1)”, “Window(2)”, “Window(2)”, etc.. for each different set of dimensions. If you want to use the “Replace Existing” feature during the course of the project, you will encounter the same sort of   problem with these constructions as described for spaces not having unique names in item #2 above.

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Therefore, it is important that each unique set of dimensions and performance data for a window, skylight or door be assigned a separate construction in gbXML and be uniquely named. Further information can be found in HAP help system.

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Appendix C Air Systems Design Applications...................5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-6 Energy Applications ..................6-1, 6-3, 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6-11 Definition......................... Definition................ .................. ........... 1-2, 1-5 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-2, ...2-2, 2-5, 3-8, 4-6, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 System Design Reports..............A-9 System Simulation Reports........A-11 Application Information Air Handlers............... Handlers...... .................. ................5-3, .......5-3, 6-6 Boilers....................... Boilers.............. .................. .................5-4, ........5-4, 6-11 Chillers................... Chillers.......... .................. ................. ...........5-4, ...5-4, 6-11 DX Fan Coils .................. .......................... ...........5-2, ...5-2, 6-7 Energy Analysis.........................1-3, 1-4, 4-1, 6-1 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........1-2, ...1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 2-1, 2-3, 2-5, 3-6, 4-4 Gathering Data...........................1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 3-2, 4-2 Generating Reports ......... ................. ...........1-3, ...1-3, 1-4, 1-6, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 3-8, 4-8 Ground Source Heat Pumps.......5-2, 6-10 Hydronic Fan Coils....................5-2, 6-8 Packaged DX Equipment...........5-1, 5-3, 6-5 Selecting Equipment........ Equipment ................. ........... 1-3, 3-9 Single-Zone Single-Z one Units ......... .................. .............5-1 ....5-1 Split DX Equipment ..................5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 6-6, 6-7 System Design ................. .......................... ........... 1-2, 3-1

Troubleshooting Strateg Strategies ies ........5-6, Utility Rates......... Rates .................. .................. .............6-12 ....6-126-3 Variable Refrigerant Flow.........5-2, 6-7 Water Source Heat Pumps Pumps ......... ......... 5-2, 6-10 Boilers Applications....................... Applications.............. .................5-4, ........5-4, 6-11 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-5, ...2-5, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9

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 Appendix C Buildings Definition...................................1-6 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Duplicating w/ Spaces & Eqpt...A-6 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-6, ...2-6, 4-7, A-2

Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Performing LEED Rotations......A-8 Simulation Reports ....................A-12 ....................A-12 Calculator Feature .........................A-4 Chillers Applications....................... Applications.............. .................5-4, ........5-4, 6-11 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-5, ...2-5, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Common Program Tasks Changing List View Format ......A-14 Changing Units Units of Measure .......A-16 Copying Items....................... Items............................A-6 .....A-6 Creating a New Item ........ ................. ........... A-2 Deleting an Existing Existing Item .......... .......... A-8 Duplicating an Existing Existing Item.....A-5 Item .....A-5 Editing an Existing Item Item ............A-3 ............A-3 Enabling Energy Features..........A-17 Generating Input Data Data Reports ..A-9 Generating Design Reports........A-9, A-10 Generating Simulation Reports..A-11, A-12 Overview................ Overview....... .................. ................. ...........1-12 ...1-12 Replacing Space Data......... Data ................A-6 .......A-6 Rotating Spaces .........................A-7 .........................A-7 Selecting Items in List View......A-1 Setting User Preferences............A-16 Using the Report Report Viewer ...........A-12 ...........A-12 Cooling Towers Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-5, ...2-5, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Doors Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9

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Appendix C Electric Rates Applications...............................6-13 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-6, ...2-6, 4-6, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Energy Analysis Example ................. .......................... ................. ...........4-1 ...4-1 Procedure .................. ........................... .................1-3 ........1-3 Reports........ Reports ................. .................. .................. .............A-11, ....A-11, A-12 Tutorial .................. ........................... ................. ...........2-3, ...2-3, 2-4 English Units ......... .................. .................. .................A-16 ........A-16 Example Problems Energy Analysis........................ Analysis.......................... 4-1 System Design ................. .......................... ........... 3-1 External Shades Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3

Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 3-7, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Fuel Rates Applications...............................6-13 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-6, ...2-6, 4-7, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Help System  ....................................1-14 Program Operation Input Forms...................... Forms............................... ........... 1-10 List View .................. ........................... .................1-9, ........1-9, A-14 Main Program Window .............1-7 Menu Bar .................. ........................... .................1-8 ........1-8 Toolbar.................... Toolbar........... .................. .................. ........... 1-8 Tree View ................. .......................... .................1-9 ........1-9 Plants Applications....................... Applications.............. .................5-4, ........5-4, 6-11 Definition......................... Definition................ .................. ........... 1-3, 1-6 Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-2, ...2-2, 2-5, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Plant Design Reports .................A-10 .................A-10 Plant Simulation Reports Reports ........ ...........A-11 ...A-11

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 Appendix C Projects Archiving .................. ........................... .................B-3 ........B-3 Converting from Previous Vrsn. B-4 Creating............... Creating...... .................. ................. ..............2-1, ......2-1, 2-3, 2-4, 3-6, 4-5, B-1 Data Management Management ......... .................. .............1-13 ....1-13 Definition...................................1-12 Deleting............... Deleting...... .................. ................. ..............B-2 ......B-2

Editing Properties .................. ......................B-2 ....B-2 E-Mailing Project Data..............B-8 Exporting Results to EEA..........B-9 Importing from Another Project B-9 Importing from CAD or BIM.....B-12 Opening................ Opening....... .................. .................. .............B-1 ....B-1 Publishing Sizing Requirements Requirements B-6 Retrieving...................................B-3 Saving ................. .......................... ................. ..............B-1, ......B-1, B-2 Reports Energy Analysis .................. .........................A-11, .......A-11, A-12 Input Data ................. .......................... .................A-9 ........A-9 System Design ................. .......................... ........... A-9, A-10 Roofs

Deleting Data .................. ......... ................. ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 3-7, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Schedules Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 2-5, 3-7, 4-6, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 SI Metric Units ........ ................. .................. ..............A-16 .....A-16 Spaces Definition......................... Definition................ .................. ........... 1-2, 1-5

Deleting Data .................. ......... ................. ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 2-5, 3-7, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Replacing Space Data......... Data ................A-6 .......A-6 Rotating Space Data ........ ................. ........... A-7 System Design Example ................. .......................... ................. ...........3-1 ...3-1 Procedure .................. ........................... .................1-2 ........1-2 Reports........ Reports ................. .................. .................. .............A-9, ....A-9, A-10 Tutorial .................. ........................... ................. ...........2-1 ...2-1 Tutorials Energy Analysis .................. .........................2-3, .......2-3, 2-4 System Design ................. .......................... ........... 2-1

Index

C-4

HAP Quick Reference Guide

 

Index

Appendix C Units of Measurement ....................A-16 Walls Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 3-7, A-2

Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Weather Data Definition......................... Definition................ .................. ........... 1-2, 1-5 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 2-3, 3-6, 4-5, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Windows Deleting Data .................. .......................... ...........A-8 ...A-8 Duplicating Data........ Data ................. ................A-5 .......A-5 Editing Data .................. ........................... .............A-3 ....A-3 Entering Data .................. .......................... ...........2-1, ...2-1, 3-7, A-2 Input Data Report............... Report.......................A-9 ........A-9 Wizard Interface ................. .......................... ...........1-4, ..1-4, 2-3

HAP Quick Reference Guide

C-5

 

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