Hallazgo de Auditoria Ferrimundo PDF

 

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RDKVBS]KIAI  DAMKNDA@ DAMKNDA@ IADKB@ A@MKIB] MASSKÝD 

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@A SBIAMMKÝD IB GA@@A_EN] IB ARIKYNSÈA  

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Iuradtb b` prnmbsn ib `a auiktnrèa qub sb ``bva a macn bd `as bdtkiaibs, ibpartahbdtns, udkiaibs, sbmmkndbs, nfkmkdas bdtrb ntras, sb ibcbd mnhudkmar npnrtudahbdtb `ns ga``azens a `as pbrsndas mnhprnhbtkias bd `ns hkshns, a fkd qub bd ud p`azn fkoain, prbsbdtbd sus am`aramkndbs n mnhbdtarkns sustbdtains inmuhbdtaiahbdtb, para su bva`uamkýd npnrtuda y mndskibramkýd bd b` kdfnrhb mnrrbspndikbdtb. Zara `ns bfbmtns ib bstb tracaon, `ns ga``azens ib auiktnrèa sb rbfkbrbd a prbsudtas ibfkmkbdmkas n krrbeu`arkiaibs, kibdtkfkmaias mnhn rbsu`tain ib `a ap`kmamkýd ib `ns prnmbikhkbdtns ib auiktnrèa. ❖ 

¾QRË B] RD GA@@A_EN>

@a pa`acra ‐ga``azen‘ tkbdb humgns skedkfkmains y mnddntamkndbs, aibhás tradshktb uda kiba ikfbrbdtb a ikstkdtas ikstkdtas pbrsndas. Bd auiktnrèa? sb `bs bhp`ba bd ud sbdtkin mrètkmn mrètkmn y sb rbfkbrb a mua`qukbr sktuamkýd ibfkmkbdtb y rb`bvadtb qub sb ibtbrhkdb hbikadtb prnmbikhkbdtns ib auiktnrèa sncrb árbas mrètkmas. ]urebd ib ud prnmbsn ib mnhparamkýd bdtrb ‐`n qub ibcb sbr‘ y ‐`n qub bbs‘. s‘. B` tërhkdn ga``azen ga``azen dn acarma `as mndm`uskndbs ib` auiktnr casaias bd b` adá`ksks ib` skedkfkmain b khpnrtadmka ib `ns gbmgns y ntra kdfnrhamkýd, y `as rbmnhbdiamkndbs y ikspnskmkndbs rbsu`tadtbs, bs ibmkr, ud ga``azen bs `a casb para uda n hás mndm`uskndbs, rbmnhbdiamkndbs y ikspnskmkndbs, pbrn ëstas dn mndstktuybd partb ib` hkshn. ❖ 

SBQRK]KYN] CÁ]KMN] BD RD GA@@A_EN IB ARIKYNSÈA

@ns skeukbdtbs mndstktuybd `ns rbquksktns cáskmns ib mua`qukbr ga``azen ib auiktnrèa? µ

Khpnrtadmka rb`atkva qub ahbrktb su ibsarrn``n y mnhudkmamkýd fnrha`.

µ

Casain bd gbmgns y bvkibdmkas prbmksns qub fkeurbd bd `ns papb`bs ib tracaon.

µ

Ncobtkvn, a` fudiahbdtarsb bd gbmgns rba`bs.

µ

Casain bd uda `acnr ib auiktnrèa sufkmkbdtb para rbspa`iar `as mndm`uskndbs rbsu`tadtbs.

µ

Mndvkdmbdtb para uda pbrsnda qub dn ga partkmkpain bd `a bobmumkýd ib `a auiktnrèa. 3

 

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FAMYNSB] A ]BS MND]KIBSAIN] A@ IB]ASSN@@AS @N] GA@@A_EN] IB ARIKYNSÈA

@ns auiktnrbs qub partkmkpbd bd b` bqukpn ib auiktnrèa, ibcbd bstar mapamktains bd `as tëmdkmas para ibsarrn``ar ga``azens bd fnrha ncobtkva y tbdbr ud pudtn ib vksta rba`ksta para gambr oukmkns y ``bear a mndm`uskndbs. @ns famtnrbs qub sb ibcbd tbdbr bd mubdta snd `ns skeukbdtbs? µ

@as mndikmkndbs y mkrmudstadmka mkrmudstadmkass bxkstbdtbs a` hnhbdtn bd qub nmurrký b` gbmgn

n sb bfbmtuý `a tradsammkýd caon bxahbd y dn aqub``as bxkstbdtbs a` hnhbdtn ib bfbmtuar b` bxahbd. µ

@a èdin`b, mnhp`bokiai y haedktui ib `as npbramkndbs qub sb bstád bva`uadin.

A pbsar ib qub b` auiktnr skbhprb bstá kdtbrbsain bd hbonrar b` rbdikhkbdtn, dn gay qub pbdsar qub ibcb mrktkmarsb mua`qukbr asudtn qub dn bs pbrfbmtn. B` ainptar ud pudtn ib vksta ib bsta datura`bza, dn skedkfkma qub dn sb kdfnrhará a `a aihkdkstramkýd ib `a bdtkiai sncrb asudtns khpnrtadtbs, oudtn mnd `as rbmnhbdiamkndbs y ikspnskmkndbs para `nerar hbonras. µ

@a dbmbskiai ib snhbtbr b` ga``azen pntbdmka` n ud adá`ksks gndbstn y mrètkmn.

@a prámtkma ib gambr b` papb` ib ‐acneain ib` ikac`n‘ bs huy ÿtk` para kibdtkfkmar pudtns iëck`bs bd `ns ga``azens pntbdmka`bs. Znr `n tadtn, b` auiktnr ibcb ncsbrvar dnrhas huy a`tas ib ncobtkvkiai y bstar bd euarika para bvktar ga``azens qub rbqukbrbd erad kdvbrskýd ib tkbhpn y bsfubrzn a` tratar ib ibsarrn``ar`ns aibmuaiahbdtb, skd a`madzar cubdns rbsu`tains. µ

@a `acnr ib auiktnrèa ibcb sbr `n sufkmkbdtbh sufkmkbdtbhbdtb bdtb mnhp`bta para prbsbdtar uda

casb sý`kia para `as mndm`uskndbs, ikspnskmkndbs y rbmnhbdiamkndbs y para pnibr ibhnstrar m`arahbdtb su prnpkbiai y ramknda`kiai a tbrmbras pbrsndas bd fnrha mndvkdmbdtb. Dn sb pubib asuhkr qub ntrns ambptarád `as mndm`uskndbs, ikspnskmkndbs y rbmnhbdiamkndbs skhp`bhbdtb pnrqub b` auiktnr `as hadkfkbsta. µ

Ikfbrbdmkas ib npkdkýd. A` bobrmbr `as famu`taibs iksmrbmknda`bs, `ns fudmkndarkns

ib `a bdtkiai pubibd tnhar ibmkskndbs mnd `as mua`bs b` auiktnr dn bstá ib amubrin. Dn ibcbd mrktkmarsb ta`bs ibmkskndbs sè = parbmbd bstar casaias bd mndskibramkndbs

 

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aibmuaias ib `ns gbmgns ikspndkc`bs bd b` hnhbdtn. Yahpnmn ibcb mrktkmársb`as sn`ahbdtb pnrqub b` auiktnr tkbdb uda npkdkýd ikstkdta ambrma ib `a datura`bza ib `a ibmkskýd qub ibcèa gacbr skin tnhaia. µ

Dn sb ibcb sustktukr b` oukmkn ib` auiktnr n b` ib `ns fudmkndarkns ib `a bdtkiai.

Bd bstas mkrmudstadmkas, `as mndm`uskndbs, ikspnskmkndbs y rbmnhbdiamkndbs ibcbd casarsb bd `ns rbsu`tains n b` bfbmtn ib `a ibmkskýd bd muadtn a` prneraha, npbramkndbs, eastns, bdtrb ntrns, ib `a bdtkiai. ❖ 

ZA]N] A ]BERKS]B BD B@ IB]ASSN@@N IB @N] GA@@A_EN] IB ARIKYNSÈA KDYBSDA B` prnmbsn ib ibsarrn``n ib ud ga``azen khp`kma pnr `n rbeu`ar, `ns skeukbdtbs pasns? 1) Kibdtkfkmar `a mndikmkýd n asudtns ibfkmkbdtbs, sbeÿd sb `bs hkia bd mnhparamkýd mnd mrktbrkns ambptac`bs, qub ebdbra`hbdtb snd fnrhas ibhnstraias ib gambr hbonr `as mnsas. A`eudns mrktbrkns ambptac`bs pubibd sbr `ns bstac`bmkins pnr `as ikrbmtkvas n pn`ètkmas ib `a bhprbsa, y sk ëstns dn gad skin bstac`bmkins pnr b` auiktnr tkbdb qub ibsarrn``ar`ns y bdudmkar`ns mnd suhn mukiain. 3) Kibdtkfkmar `as `èdbas ib autnrkiai y ib rbspndsack`kiai mnd rbspbmtn a `as npbramkndbs khp`kmaias. =) Ibtbrhkdar `as mausas ib `a ibfkmkbdmka. 9) Mnhprncar sk `a ibfkmkbdmka bs ud masn aks`ain n uda mndikmkýd huy ikfudikia. 2) Ibtbrhkdar `ns bfbmtns dbeatkvns qub prniumb `a ibfkmkbdmka. 6) Nctbdbr mnhbdtarkns ib `as pbrsndas u nreadkshns ikrbmtahbdtb kdtbrbsains, qub pubibd bstar afbmtains bd fnrha aivbrsa pnr b` ga``azen. 5) Ibtbrhkdar `as mndm`uskndbs ib auiktnrèa, mnd casb bd `a bvkibdmka amuhu`aia. 7) Ibtbrhkdar `as ammkndbs mnrrbmtkvas, ikspnskmkndbs n rbmnhbdiamkndbs qub pbrhktad kdtrniumkr hbonras. @a `acnr bfbmtuaia, `a kdfnrhamkýd nctbdkia y `as mndm`uskndbs a`madzaias bd b` ibsarrn``n ib `ns ga``azens ibcbd bstar ahp`kahbdtb 9

 

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rbspa`iaias y inmuhbdtaias bd `ns papb`bs ib tracaon, mndfnrhb sb va bfbmtuadin `a `acnr.

Bstb pasn dn ibcb ikfbrkrsb dudma gasta qub `a fasb ib prbparamkýd ib` kdfnrhb bstë bd prnmbsn. B` ibsarrn``n tnta` ib ud ga``azen bxkeb qub sb kdfnrhb a` tktu`ar n háxkha autnrkiai ib `a bdtkiai. Ynin b` prnmbsn ib ibsarrn``n ib ud ga``azen rbqukbrb `a amuhu`amkýd ib kdfnrhamkýd aprnpkaia para kdfnrhar aibmuaiahb aibmuaiahbdtb dtb ib amubrin mnd `as dnrhas, maramtbrèstkmas y rbqubrkhkbdtns cáskmns ib `a auiktnrèa. 1) Kibdtkfkmar `a mndikmkýd ibfkmkbdtb y su mnhparamkýd mnd `ns mrktbrkns bstac`bmkins. Bstb pasn kdm`uyb `a mnhparamkýd ib npbramkndbs rba`bs mnd `ns mrktbrkns n rbqubrkhkbdtns bstac`bmkins, ya sba bd fnrha ib rbe`ahbdtns, dnrhas tëmdkmas, dnrhas ib rbdikhkbdtn, prbsupubstns npbratkvns, pn`ètkmas n ikrbmtkvas ib` dkvb` supbrknr ib `a bdtkiai. 3) Kibdtkfkmamkýd ib `as `èdbas ib autnrkiai y ib rbspndsack`kiai bd `a bdtkiai mnd rbspbmtn a `ns asudtns ibfkmkbdtbs. Bs dbmbsarkn kibdtkfkmar a `as pbrsndas ikrbmtahbdtb rbspndsac`bs ib `as mndikmkndbs ibfkmkbdtbs y `ns dkvb`bs hás a`tns ib rbspndsack`kiai para sacbr mnd qukëd ibcb iksmutkrsb b` prnc`bha y a qukëd ibcb ikrkekrsb `as mnhudkmamkndbs pbrtkdbd pbrtkdbdtbs. tbs. =) Ibtbrhkdar `as mausas ib `a ibfkmkbdmka. Sbsu`ta ib vkta` kdtbrës kibdtkfkmar y mnhprbdibr `as mausas ib uda ibfkmkbdmka sk sb prbtbdib rbvksar`a bd fnrha khparmka` kh parmka` y bfkmazhbdtb, para suebrkr ammkndbs mnrrbmtkvas bfbmtkvas. Ibcb avbrkeuarsb pnr quë tuvn `uear `a sktuamkýd aivbrsa, pnr quë skeub bxkstkbdin y sk gad bstac`bmkin prnmbikhkbdtns kdtbrdns para bvktar`a n sk aqub``ns bstac`bmkins gad skin kdbfkmambs n ha` khp`adtains. Bd npnrtudkiaibs a` mnhprbdibr `a mausa ib `a ibfkmkbdmka, sb pubibd kibdtkfkmar ntrns prnc`bhas qub rbqubrkrád sbr rbvksains iuradtb `a auiktnrèa. 9) Ibtbrhkdar sk `a ibfkmkbdmka bs aks`aia n huy i ikfudikia. kfudikia. Bsta ibtbrhkdamkýd bs dbmbsarka para? µ @`bear a `as mndm`uskndbs aprnpkaias ambrma ib `a khpnrtadmka rb`atkva ib `a ibfkmkbdmka. Bstn bs bsbdmka` bd b` bsfubrzn pnr a`bdtar a `ns fudmkndarkns ib `a 2

 

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bhprbsa a tnhar hbikias mnrrbmtkvas. Yahckëd para ibmkikr sncrb b` dkvb`  obrárqukmn aprnpkain para para mnhudkmar b` ga``azen. µ Bhktkr rbmnhbdiamkndbs n ibpnskmkndbs aprnpkaias para qub sb tnhbd ammkndbs mnrrbmtkvas. ]k b` auiktnr bstá mndvbdmkin ib qub `a mndikmkýd bstá huy ikfudikia y bs prncac`b qub vub`va a nmurrkr, ibcb rbmnhbdiar a `a bdtkiai qub tnhb `as hbikias dbmbsarkas para khpbikr brrnrbs skhk`arbs bd b` futurn, tadtn mnhn kibdtkfkmar y, sk bs pnskc`b, rbhbikar `ns brrnrbs adtbrknrbs. @as prubcas ib auiktnrèa ibcbd sbr sufkmkbdtbs mnhn para hnstrar sk `a mndikmkýd bstá huy ikfudikia. ]kd bhcaren, ibcb rbmnhbdiarsb qub `a bdtkiai tnhb `as ammkndbs dbmbsarkas para ibtbrhkdar `a bxtbdskýd tnta` ib `a ibfkmkbdmka. Audqub ud tkpn bspbmèfkmn ib ibfkmkbdmkas n krrbeu`arkiaibs dn sba frbmubdtb n dn bstë huy ikfudikin, `ns masns kdikvkiua`bs pubibd sbr bd nmaskndbs `n sufkmkbdtbhbdtb khpnrtadtbs, pnr su datura`bza, haedktui, n pb`kern pntbdmka` mnhn para rbqubrkr su ibsarrn``n tnta`. Asè, uda mndikmkýd aivbrsa pbrmkckia bd ud prneraha rb`atkvahbdtb dubvn pubib dn bstar huy ikfudikia aÿd, pbrn pnirèa tbdbr khp`kmamkndbs n pnskck`kiaibs khpnrtadtbs sk dn sb `b b`khkda npnrtudahbdtb. 2) Bstac`bmbr `a khpnrtadmka ib` ga``azen kibdtkfkmadin `ns bfbmtns dbeatkvns qub ebdbra `a ibfkmkbdmka. Ibcbd mndskibrarsb mnhp`btahbdtb `ns bfbmtns n khpnrtadmka ib` ga``azen. B` auiktnr ibcb mndskibrar dn sý`n b` rbsu`tain kdhbikatn, skdn `ns bfbmtns mn`atbra`bs, kdtadekc`bs u ntrns, tadtn rba`bs mnhn pntbdmka`bs. Muadin sba pnskc`b, ibcb ibtbrhkdarsb `ns bfbmtns fkdadmkbrns n `a përikia p ërikia mausaia pnr uda ibfkmkbdmka kibdtkfkmaia. 6) Nctbdbr npkdkndbs ib `ns fudmkndarkns y bdtkiaibs ikrbmtahbdtb rb`amkndaias. Rda rba`kiai ib `ns rbsu`tains ib `a `acnr ib auiktnrèa bs `a khparmka`kiai ib `a qub ibcb bstar rbvbstkia, `a mua` sb `nera hbikadtb b` adá`ksks ncobtkvn ib `as npbramkndbs, y prkdmkpa`hbdtb ib `a iksmuskýd ib `as ibfkmkbdmkas mnd `ns fudmkndarkns bdmareains, para nctbdbr sus mnhbdtarkns u npkdkndbs, ib sbr pnskc`b ibckiahbdtb inmuhbdtains. A` nctbdbr `as npkdkndbs ib `ns fudmkndarkns sb amuhu`a kdfnrhamkýd khpnrtadtb ikfèmk` ib mndsbeukr ikrbmtahbdtb ib `ns armgkvns ib `a bdtkiai< aibhás, sb `nerad va`kiar `ns rbsu`tains ib `a

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auiktnrèa iuradtb b` prnmbsn ib bobmumkýd y pbrhktb prbsbdtar b` kdfnrhb ib` bstuikn caon uda pbrspbmtkva bquktatkva b khparmka`. 5) Ibtbrhkdar `as mndm`uskndbs ib auiktnrèa mnd casb bd `a bvkibdmka amuhu`aia. Mnd casb bd tnia `a bvkibdmka ib auiktnrèa ibsarrn``aia a travës ib mndikmkndbs, mrktbrkns, mausas, bfbmtns, mnhbdtarkns ib `ns fudmkndarkns ib `a bdtkiai y ntra kdfnrhamkýd, b` auiktnr ibcb ``bear a mndm`uskndbs mndmrbtas sncrb maia mnhpndbdtb ma`kfkmain mnhn árba mrètkma a sbr kdm`ukia bd b` kdfnrhb ib auiktnrèa. 7) Ibtbrhkdar `as ammkndbs mnrrbmtkvas, ikspnskmkndbs y rbmnhbdiamkndbs. @ns ga``azens y mndm`uskndbs dnrha`hbdtb ibcbd bstar sbeukins mnd rbmnhbdiamkndbs y ikspnskmkndbs a `ns fudmkndarkns rbspndsac`bs para mnrrbekr `as ibfkmkbdmkas ibtbrhkdaias n bvktar su rbaparkmkýd. Dn skbhprb sb pubib rbmnhbdiar bspbmèfkmah bspbmèfkmahbdtb bdtb `as ammkndbs qub b`khkdarád ud ibfbmtn. @a fudmkýd cáskma ib auiktnrèa bs kibdtkfkmar `as ibfkmkbdmkas y prámtkmas a sbr mnrrbekias n fnrta`bmkias. @a aihkdkstramkýd ib `a bdtkiai bs rbspndsac`b ib tnhar `as hbikias pbrtkdbdtbs. Znr ntra partb, b` bstuikn ib` prnc`bha pnr b` auiktnr ebdbra`hbdtb sbrá `n sufkmkbdtbhb sufkmkbdtbhbdtb dtb ahp`kn mnhn para pbrhktkr gambr suebrbdmkas mndstrumtkvas ambrma ib `as hbikias mnrrbmtkvas aprnpkaias qub sb ibcbd tnhar. Ikmgas rbmnhbdiamkndbs n ikspnskmkndbs ibcbd iar mnhn rbsu`tain ud fnrta`bmkhkbdtn ib `ns prnmbikhkbdtns n prámtkmas sbeukias para bvktar `a rbaparkmkýd ib `a ibfkmkbdmka. Ibcb mndskibrarsb skbhprb, skd bhcaren, b` mnstn ib `a ap`kmamkýd ib `as hbikias rbmnhbdiaias bd rb`amkýd mnd `ns cbdbfkmkns. ❖ 

AYSKCRYN] IB @N] GA@@A_EN] IB ARIKYNSÈA KDYBSDA

Bs ib khpnrtadmka prkhnrika` qub b` auiktnr ibsarrn``b tnta`hbdtb `as npnrtudkiaibs ib hbonrahkbdtn, para pnibr kdfnrhar mnhp`bta y m`arahbdtb sncrb `ns ga``azens. Znr `n tadtn, ibcb eracar bd su hbhnrka `ns atrkcutns ib ud ga``azen ib auiktnrèa, qub snd `ns skeukbdtbs?  

MNDIKMKÝD

 

MSKYBSKN

 

MAR]A

 

BFBMYN

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RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

BFBMYN MNDIKMKÝD? MNDIKMKÝD? ]ktuamkndbs amtua`bs bdmndtraias. @n qub bs. Bstb tërhkdn sb rbfkbrb a` gbmgn krrbeu`ar n ibfkmkbdmka ibtbrhkdaia pnr b` auiktnr kdtbrdn, muyn erain ib ibsvkamkýd ibcb sbr ibhnstraia y sustbdtaia mnd bvkibdmkas. MSKYBSKN?? Rdkiaibs ib hbikias n dnrhas ap`kmac`bs. @n qub ibcb sbr. Bs `a dnrha n MSKYBSKN bstádiar tëmdkmn-prnfbsknda`, a`madzac`b bd b` mndtbxtn bva`uain, qub pbrhktbd a` auiktnr tbdbr `a mndvkmmkýd ib qub bs dbmbsarkn supbrar uda ibtbrhkdaia ammkýd u nhkskýd ib `a bdtkiai, bd prnmura ib hbonrar `a ebstkýd. MAR]A?? Sazndbs ib ibsvkamkýd. ¾Znr quë sumbiký> Bs `a razýd fudiahbdta` pnr `a mua` MAR]A nmurrký `a mndikmkýd, n b` hntkvn pnr b` qub dn sb muhp`ký b` mrktbrkn n dnrha. ]u kibdtkfkmamkýd rbqukbrb ib `a gack`kiai y oukmkn prnfbsknda` ib` auiktnr y bs dbmbsarka para b` ibsarrn``n ib `as rbmnhbdiamkndbs mndstrumtkvas qub prbvbdea `a nmurrbdmka ib `a mndikmkýd. @as mausas ibcbd rbmnebrsb ib `a aihkdkstramkýd amtkva, ib `as pbrsndas n amtnrbs rbspndsac`bs ib `as npbramkndbs qub nrkekdarnd `a mndikmkýd, y bstas ibcbd sbr pnr bsmrktn, a `ns bfbmtns ib bvktar kdmndvbdkbdtbs bd b` hnhbdtn ib `a iksmuskýd ib` kdfnrhb, bd b` sbdtkin ib qub ibspuës pubiad sbr dbeaias pnr `ns rbspndsac`bs, n sb ikea qub ta`bs mausas fubrnd rbiamtaias pnr b` auiktnr amtuadtb, skd tbdbr ud mndnmkhkbdtn m`arn y bxamtn ib `n nmurrkin. BFBMYN?? Khpnrtadmka rb`atkva ib` asudtn, prbfbrkc`b bd tërhkdns hndbtarkns. @a ikfbrbdmka BFBMYN bdtrb `n qub bs y `n qub ibcb sbr. Bs `a mndsbmubdmka rba` n pntbdmka` muadtktatkvn n mua`ktatkvn, qub nmasknda `a ncsbrvamkýd, kdikspbdsac`b para bstac`bmbr su khpnrtadmka y rbmnhbdiar a `a aihkdkstramkýd amtkva qub tnhb `as ammkndbs rbqubrkias para mnrrbekr `a mndikmkýd. ]kbhprb y muadin sba pnskc`b, b` auiktnr ibcb rbvb`ar bd su kdfnrhb `a muadtkfkmamkýd ib` bfbmtn. ❖ 

ADÁ@K]K] ]NCSB ZSBHK]A] CÁ]KMA] IB @N] AYSKCRYN]

B` skeukbdtb bsqubha bs ap`kmac`b a` mndskibrar `as prbhksas cáskmas bd `as qub sb casad `ns ga``azens ib auiktnrèa?

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a) ]k MSKYBSK MSKYBSKN N bs keua` a MNDIKMKÝ MNDIKMKÝD D dn gay M MAR]A AR]A dk BBFBMYN FBMYN c) ]k MSKYBS MSKYBSKN KN ikfkbrb ib MNDIKMKÝ MNDIKMKÝD D sk gay MAR]A y BFBMYN m) ]k gay MAR]A ibcbrá bxkstkr SBMNHBDIAMKÝ SBMNHBDIAMKÝD D y ibcbrá bxkstkr muadtkfkmamkýd ib` BFBMYN sk bs pnskc`b. ❖ 

MNDIKMKNDB] HÁ] MNHRDB] 1) @ns mrktbrkns dn sb ap` ap`kmad kmad n `nerad. 3) @ns mrktb mrktbrkns rkns sb bstád ap`kmadin n `neradin parm parmka`hbdtb. ka`hbdtb.

❖ 

MSKYBSKN] YÈZKMN] a) Ikspnskmkndbs pnr bsmrktn? µ @bybs y rbe`ahbdtns. µ Kdstrummkndbs bd fnrha ib p`adbs bstratëekmns, hadua`bs, ikrbmtkvas, prnmbikhkbdtns, amubrins, mkrmu`arbs y ntrns skhk`arbs. Ncobtkvns, pn`ètkmas y hbtas. c) ]bdtkin mnhÿd. m) Bxpbrkbdmka i ib` b` auiktnr sncrb `a hatbrka ib bs bstuikn. tuikn. i) Npkdkndbs kdibpbdikbdtbs kdibpbdikbdtbs ib bxpbrtns bxpbrtns.. b) Zrámtkmas mnhbrmka`bs pruibdtbs. f) Kdstrummkndbs bsmrktas. e) Bxpbrkbdmkas aihkdkstratkvas. g) Zrámtkmas ebdbra`hbdtb ncsbrvaias. k) Kdikmainrbs ib ebstkýd.

;

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

 o) Èdikmbs ib ibsbhpbñn ib añns adtbrknrbs n ib bdtkiaibs mnhparac`bs caon mkrmudstadmkas keua`bs. ❖ 

MAR]A] YÈZKMA] a) Fa`ta ib mapamktamkýd. c) Fa`ta ib mnhudkmamkýd mnhudkmamkýd (skstbha ib kdfnrhamkýd ibfkm ibfkmkbdtb). kbdtb). m) Fa`ta ib mmndnmkhkbdtn ndnmkhkbdtn ib `ns rbquksktns. i) Dbe`kebdmka n ibs ibsmukin. mukin. b) Dnrhas kdaibmuaias, kdaibmuaias, kdbxkstbdtbs, ncsn ncsn`btas `btas n khprámtkmas. f) Mndsmkbdtb ibmkskýd n kdstrummkýd ib ibsvkarsb ib `as dnrhas. e) Fa`ta ib rbmursns rbmursns guhadns, hat hatbrka`bs brka`bs n fkdadmkbrns. fkdadmkbrns. g) Fa`ta ib cubd oukmkn n sbdtkin mnhÿd. k) Fa`ta ib gndbstkiai.  o) Kdaivbrtbdmka ib cbdbfkmkns pntbdmka`bs. l) Fa`ta ib bsfub bsfubrzn rzn b kdtbrës su sufkmkbdtb. fkmkbdtb. `) Fa`ta ib supbrvkskýd aibmuaia. h) Fa`ta ib vn`udtai para mahckar. d) Kdstktumkýd ibfbmtunsa ibfbmtunsa n ibsamtua`kzaia. n) Fa`ta ib ib`beamkýd ib`beamkýd ib autnrkiai. p) Auiktnrèa kdtbrda ibfkmkbdtb. q) Ambdtuaia mndmbdtramkýd mndmbdtramkýd i ibb autnrkiai.

❖ 

BFBMYN] YÈZKMN] a) Zërikia ib kderbsns pntbdmka`bs. c) Eastns kdibckins. 1:

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

m) Kdfnrhbs n rbekst rbekstrns rns pnmn ÿtk`bs, pnmn skedkfkmatkvns n kkdbxamtns. dbxamtns. i) Mndtrn` kdaibmuain ib rbmursns n ib amtkvkiaibs. b) Kdsbeurkiai bd b` muhp`khkbdtn ib` tracaon. f) Ibshntkvamkýd ib` pbrsnda`. ❖ 

YACR@AMKÝD IB @N] GA@@A_EN]

@a tacu`amkýd ib `ns ga``azens bs para kibdtkfkmar aqub``ns qub sb rb`amkndad mnd b` hkshn tbha, mnd b` fkd ib aerupar`ns n, ib sbr b` masn, kdtberar`ns bd udn sn`n. ❖ 

]B@BMMKÝD IB GA@@A_EN] KHZNSYADYB]

Muadin sb gad tacu`ain `ns ga``azens, bs ibmkr, kdtberain pnr tbhas skhk`arbs, sb prnmbib a kibdtkfkmar `ns qub tkbdbd haynr khpnrtadmka para `a partb auiktaia. ❖ 

SBIAMMKÝD IB GA@@A_EN] FKDA@B]

Ynhadin bd mndskibramkýd `ns atrkcutns adtbs hbdmkndains (mndikmkýd, mrktbrkn, mausa, bfbmtn), sb prnmbib a `a rbiammkýd ib `ns ga``azens. Zara bfbmtns ib uda prbsbdtamkýd hás ibta``aia ib mýhn ibcbd sbr rbiamtains `ns ga``azens ib auiktnrèa, sbeukiahbdtb prbsbdtarë udns muairns qub ayuiarád a `a mnhprbdskýd y nrkbdtamkýd ib `a rbiammkýd ib maia udn ib `ns atrkcutns qub ibcbd mndtbdbr ëstns, ib hadbra ta` qub sba bdtbdikc`b pnr b` usuarkn ib` kdfnrhb.

❖ 

SBMNHBDIAMKNDB] ZASA SBIAMYAS DN MNDFNSHKIAIB].

Kdm`ukr tnia aqub``a kdfnrhamkýd dbmbsarka para qub?  

B` `bmtnr pubia bdtbdibr y ouzear pnr sè hkshn b` kdfnrhb.

 

Mua`qukbr ntrn Auiktnr pubia bxahkdar n ada`kzar `ns gbmgns y ``bear a `ns hkshns

•

•

rbsu`tains. Qub sba mnrta y mndmka, casaia bd b` rbquksktn kdmuhp`kin. Dn hbzm`ar ins sktuamkndbs bd ud hkshn párrafn.

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RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

Bvktar Za`acras khprbmksas A`eudns, Castadtbs, Ibhaskains, Znmns, Varkns, Bd IBYBSHKDAS MADYKIAI Nmaskndbs Bd b` futurn, Bd b` pasain

ZSBMK]AS FBMGA

Daikb, Dkdeudn, Ynins, ]kbhprb, Dudma.

YBSHKDN] AC]N@RYN], IBFKDKS.

Bobhp`ns ib ga``azens? 1.1. 

DN MNDFNSHKIAI NC]BSVAIA

Dn sb bvkibdmka ]b`bmmkýd, Bva`uamkýd y Sbbva`uamkýd ib prnvbbinrbs ib amubrin a rbquksktn dnrhatkvn y a `n bstac`bmkin bd `a Nreadkzamkýd bd b` prnmbikhkbdtn kdtbrdn RHAE-Z-:; Zrnmbikhkbdtn Bva`uamkýd y ]b`bmmkýd ib Zrnvbbinrbs.  

1.3.

IB]MSKZMKND BVKIBDMKA NCOBYKVA

Sbekstrn Bva`uamkýd ib Zrnvbbinrbs, bstac`bmb a `a haynrèa mnd ma`kfkmamkýd rbeu`ar (Bo. Zrnvbbinr CCC Kdiustrka`), ibsmrkpmkýd bd b` prnmbikhkbdtn kdtbrdn ib `a Nreadkzamkýd (RHAE-Z-:; Zrnmbikhkbdtn Bva`uamkýd y ]b`bmmkýd ib Zrnvbbinrbs) sbña`a uda rbbva`uamkýd 6 a 7 hbsbs rba`kzaia `a prkhbra bva`uamkýd. ]b bvkibdmka bva`uamkýd rba`kzaia a prnvbbinr CCC Kdiustrka` b` :=/:2/3:3:, dn sb bvkibdmka rbbva`uamkýd sbeÿd `n bstac`bmkin, sb bvkibdmka mnhpra a` hkshn prnvbbinr prnvbbinr b` 39/:1/3:1=, pnr ntra partb, dn sb bvkibdmka b` avksn ib` rbsu`tain ib `a bva`uamkýd pnr partb ib `a Nreadkzamkýd a `ns prnvbbinrbs, ib amubrin a `n bstac`bmkin bd RHAE-Z-:; Zrnmbikhkbdtn Bva`uamkýd y ]b`bmmkýd ib Zrnvbbinrbs 1.= IB]MSKZMKND IB@ SBQRBS SBQRBSKHKBDYN KHKBDYN Zrnmbsn ib mnhpras @a nreadkzamkýd ibcb asbeurarsb ib qub b` prniumtn aiqukrkin muhp`b `ns rbquksktns ib mnhpra bspbmkfkmains. B` tkpn y b` erain ib` mndtrn` ap`kmain a` prnvbbinr y a` prniumtn aiqukrkin ibcb ibpbdibr ib` khpamtn ib` prniumtn aiqukrkin bd `a pnstbrknr rba`kzamkýd ib` prniumtn n sncrb b` prniumtn fkda`. @a nreadkzamkýd ibcb bva`uar y sb`bmmkndar `ns 13

 

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prnvbbinrbs bd fudmkýd ib su mapamkiai para suhkdkstrar prniumtns ib amubrin mnd `ns rbquksktns ib `a nreadkzamkýd. Ibcbd bstac`bmbrsb `ns mrktbrkns para `a sb`bmmkýd, `a bva`uamkýd y `a rbbva`uamkýd. Ibcbd hadtbdbrsb `ns rbekstrns ib `ns rbsu`tains ib `as bva`uamkndbs y ib mua`qukbr ammkýd dbmbsarka qub sb ibrkvb ib `as hkshas (vëasb 9.3.9). 3.1. DN MNDFNSHKIAI NC]BSVA NC]BSVAIA IA @a Nreadkzamkýd dn rba`kza ma`kcramkndbs y dn bs pnskc`b mndnmbr b` aibmuain fudmkndahkbdtn ib` bqukpn ib hnmgk`a (háqukda ib bspa`ia) hnib`n Lwazar ]udf`nwbrs, utk`kzain bd `acnrbs ib ]adktkzamkýd, @khpkbza y @avain. 3.3. IB]MSKZMKND BVKIBDMKA NCOBYKVA Iuradtb b` prnmbsn ib auiktnrèa (Cnibea), b` ]r. Harkn Garn (Bdmareain Npbramkndbs), sbña`a `a utk`kzamkýd ib` bqukpn ib hnmgk`a (hnib`n Lwazar ]udf`nwbrs), bstb bqukpn dn sb ma`kcra y tahpnmn sb hadtkbdb sbeÿd `n ibsmrktn bd b` prnmbikhkbdtn kdtbrdn RHAE-Z-:2 Hadtbdmkýd y Mndtrn` ib Bqukpns. 3.= IB]MSKZMKND IB@ SBQRBS SBQRBSKHKBDYN KHKBDYN Mndtrn` ib `a prniummkýd y ib `a prbstamkýd ib` sbrvkmkn @a nreadkzamkýd ibcb p`adkfkmar y ``bvar a macn `a prniummkýd y `a prbstamkýd ib` sbrvkmkn caon mndikmkndbs Mndtrn`aias. @as mndikmkndbs mndtrn`aias ibcbd kdm`ukr, muadin sba ap`kmac`b? a) `a ikspndkck`kiai ib kdfnrhamkýd qub ibsmrkca `as maramtbrèstkmas ib` prniumtn, c) `a ikspndkck`kiai ib kdstrummkndbs ib tracaon, muadin sba dbmbsarkn, m) b` usn ib` bqukpn aprnpkain, i) `a ikspndkck`kiai y usn ib bqukpns ib sbeukhkbdtn y hbikmkýd, b) `a khp`bhbdtamkýd ib` sbeukhkbdtn y ib `a hbikmkýd, y f) `a khp`bhbdtamkýd ib amtkvkiaibs ib `kcbramkýd, bdtrbea y pnstbrknrbs a `a bdtrbea ib` prniumtn 1=

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

MA]N ZSAMYKMN- BHZSB]A FBSSBHRDIN MKA @YIA  @YIA  1.1. HNYKVN] IB@ BWAHBD. @a Auiktnrèa ib Ebstkýd sb ap`kma a `a

bhprbsa

‐FBSSKHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘<

bspbmèfkmahbdtb a `ns prnmbsns ib mnhpras y vbdtas pnr b` pbrènin mnhprbdikin ibsib b` 1 ib bdbrn ib ib 3:1; a` =1 ib ikmkbhcrb ib 3:3:, sb rba`kza bbd d muhp`khkbdtn a` rbqubrkhkbdtn ib` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra` ib `a bhprbsa< pnr bsta razýd sb bfbmtuará b` bxahbd muhp`kbdin mnd `ns paráhbtrns bstac`bmkins y ib `as dnrhas rbe`ahbdtarkas para b` ibsarrn``n ib uda auiktnrèa, qub kdm`uybd prubcas sb`bmtkvas a `ns prnmbsns y prnmbikhkbdtns ib auiktnrèa mndskibrains dbmbsarkns ib amubrin a `as mkrmudstadmkas ib` bstuikn ib `a bhprbsa, para ib bsta fnrha ibtbrhkdar `ns dkvb`bs ib bfkmkbdmka, bfkmamka

y bmndnhèa ib sus npbramkndbs y bh bhktkr ktkr rbmnhb rbmnhbdiamkndbs diamkndbs para b`

hbonrahkbdtn mndtkdun bd sus amtkvkiaibs. 1.

3. NCOBYKVN].

1.

3.1. NCOBYKVN EBDBSA@.

Sba`kzar uda Auiktnrèa ib Ebstkýd a `ns prnmbsns ib mnhpras y vbdtas ib `a bhprbsa ‐FBSSBHRDIN ‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘, para bva`uar `ns dkvb`bs ib bfkmkbdmka, bfkmamka y bmndnhèa, `ns hkshns qub pbrhktkrád ibtbrhkdar fa`bdmkas b kibdtkfkmar npnrtudkiaibs ib hbonra mnd `a fkda`kiai ib ayuiar a `a ikrbmmkýd a `nerar uda aihkdkstramkýd hás bfkmaz a travës `a ap`kmamkýd ib kdikmainrbs ib ebstkýd qub mndtrkcuyad mnd b` hbonr ibsbhpbñn bd `ns prnmbsns ib `as árbas bxahkdaias. 1. 3.3 NCOBYKVN] B]ZBMÈFKMN].

➣ 

Bva`uar b` ]kstbha ib Mndtrn` Kdtbrdn para ibtbrhkdar sk `ns prnmbikhkbdtns snd aibmuains y ayuiad a `a mndsbmumkýd ib `ns ncobtkvns. 19

 

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➣ 

Bva`uar b` dkvb` ib muhp`khkbdtn ib `ns ncobtkvns bhprbsarka`bs mnd `ns rbspbmtkvns dkvb`bs ib bfkmkbdmka, bfkmamka y bmndnhèa bd `a utk`kzamkýd ib `ns rbmursns guhadns, fkdadmkbrns, hatbrka`bs y tbmdn`ýekmns.

➣ 

Bva`uar `as ikspnskmkndbs `bea`bs y dnrhatkvas ib `a bhprbsa.

➣ 

Bstac`bmbr mndm`uskndbs y rbmnhbdiamkndbs bd `as Árbas ib Mnhpras y Vbdtas a travës ib `a bdtrbea ib ud kdfnrhb ib auiktnrèa tbdikbdtb a su mnrrbmta ap`kmamkýd

1.=.  A@MADMB.

@a auiktnrèa mnhprbdibrá ud adá`ksks ib `ns prnmbsns ib mnhpra y vbdta ib` pbrènin mnhprbdikin ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3:.

1.9.  IB]ASSN@@N

FA]B K? Z`adkfkmamkýd Zrb`khkdar. B` auiktnr sb fahk`karkzn mnd `as árbas a sbr bva`uaias, ncsbrvadin a skhp`b vksta `ns prnc`bhas qub bdfrbdtad `ns kdvn`umrains para b` ikaedýstkmn ib pudtns mrètkmns.

FA]B KK? Z`adkfkmamkýd Bspbmèfkma. Bsta fasb sb bfbmtuý prubcas, prnmbikhkbdtns y prámtkmas ib auiktnrèa bd ibta``b qub mndtrkcuyad a `a nctbdmkýd ib bvkibdmkas sufkmkbdtbs y mnhpbtbdtbs, hkshas qub apnrtarád a` auiktnr ga``azens qub sbrvkrád para para su b`acnramk b`acnramkýd ýd ib su kdfnrhb.

FA]B KKK? Mnhudkmamkýd ib Sbsu`tains. Bd bsta fasb sb ibsarrn``ará b` kdfnrhb ib auiktnrèa para `n qub sb tnhará mnhn casb gnoas ib ga``azens, papa`bs ib tracaon 12 y bvkibdmkas sufkmkbdtb y mnhpbtbdtb.

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

FA]B KV? ]beukhkbdtn. Bsta fasb bs khpnrtadtb ya qub sb bva`uará b` muhp`khkbdtn ib `as rbmnhbdiamkndbs bdtrbeaias partkmkpadin para bstb ncobtn `as autnrkiaibs y pbrsnda` ib `a bhprbsa. 1.2.  SB]R@YAIN] @ns rbsu`tains nctbdkins ib `a Auiktnrèa ib Ebstkýd a `ns prnmbsns ib mnhpra y vbdta ib FBSSBHRDIN Mèa. @tia. ibstamarnd aspbmtns aspbmtns rb`atkvns a prnmbikhkbdtns kdf`bxkc`bs qub ap`kmad a` ibpartahbdtn ib mnhpras y vbdtas, qub rbtariad `a sn`umkýd ib `ns masns ib su mnhpbtbdmka, pbrouikmadin a `ns usuarkns kdtbrdns y bxtbrdns, muyas mndm`uskndbs y rbmnhbdiamkndbs, sb gad prnpnrmkndain hbikadtb b` kdfnrhb kdfnrhb ib auiktnrèa 1.6.  GNOA IB GA@@A_EN]

Auiktnrbs Auiktnrbs& &Asbsnrbs AsbsnrbsMèa. Mèa.@tia. @tia. 

‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3:

BMK.1  1/3 

GNOA IB GA@@A_EN-BVA@RAMKÓD IB MNDYSN@ KDYBSDN GA@@A_EN D.¿ 1

YÈYR@N? FA@YA IB AZ@KMAMKÝD IB @A] ZN@ÈYKMA] BD B@ ÁSBA IB VBDYA]MNHZSA]

Mndikmkýd? Bxkstbd pn`ètkmas fnrha`hbdtb bstac`bmkias bd ikmga árba, pbrn bstas dn snd ikfudikias pnr ud mada` kiýdbn ib mnhudkmamkýd gamka `ns bhp`bains bd b` árba ib vbdtas y mnhpras 16

 

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Mrktbrkn? Bd `as prámtkmas aihkdkstratkvas sbña`ad qub `as bhprbsas ibcbd tbdbr ibckiahbdtb khp`bhbdtaias khp`bhbdtaias `as p pn`ètkmas n`ètkmas ebdbra`bs y bspbmèfkmas para maia árba mnhn uda euèa para nfrbmbr ud sbrvkmkn ýptkhn. Mausa? B` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra` ga iain pnma khpnrtadmka ib `a fnrha`kzamkýd ib pn`ètkmas a travës ib ud inmuhbdtn khprbsn. Bfbmtn? B` mndtar mnd `as pn`ètkmas fnrha`hbdtb bhktkias pnr partb ib `a Oudta Ebdbra` ib ]nmkns, dn `n ap`kmad bd fnrha aibmuaia bd sus amtkvkiaibs bstn prniumb qub bxksta b` rkbsen ib qub ëstas sbad ha` kdtbrprbtaias, nmaskndadin ud rkbsen npbratkvn, `n qub ikfkmu`ta b` muhp`khkbdtn ib ncobtkvns p`adtbains. Mndm`uskndbs? @a bhprbsa FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA., mubdta mnd pn`ètkmas fnrha`hbdtb pnr `a oudta ib ammkndkstas, pbrn b` prnc`bha sureb muadin b` Ebrbdtb ebdbra` dn kdfnrha a` obfb ib Vbdtas y auxk`kar ib ikmga árba para su ap`kmamkýd kdhbikata, kdhbikata, `n qub nmaskndn qub sb kkdmrbhbdtb dmrbhbdtb b` rkbsen bd b` árba ib vbdtas. Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`. - Fnrhu`ar mnd `ns rbspndsac`bs ib` árba ib Vbdtas, `a ap`kmamkýd ib `as pn`ètkmas dbmbsarkas y `as bhktkrá fnrha`hbdtb bd ud inmuhbdtn para b` mndnmkhkbdtn y mnrrbmta ap`kmamkýd pnr partb ib `ns tracaoainrbs ib ikmga árba. B`acnrain pnr? HNSA@B] HAYBN

Fbmga? 3:1;-:3-12

Sbvksain pnr? Kde. Mndsub`n Mn`a  Mn`a 

Fbmga? 3:1;-:3-16 3:1;-:3-16  

15

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

Auiktnrbs&AsbsnrbsMèa.@tia.  @tia.  

‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

1/3 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3: GNOA IB GA@@A_EN-BVA@RAMKÓD IB MNDYSN@ KDYBSDN GA@@A_EN D.¿ 3 YÈYR@N? DN ]B GA MAZAMKYAIN A@ ZBS]NDA@ IB VBDYA] Mndikmkýd? B` obfb ib Vbdtas y auxk`kar qub bfbmtÿa tnias `as `acnrbs ib` árba ibsib `a rbmbpmkýd ib inmuhbdtamkýd ib prniumtns ib bhpaqub y bhca`aob gasta b` ibspamgn ib `ns prniumtns, dn ga rbmkckin dkdeuda mapamktamkýd rbfbrbdtb a sus amtkvkiaibs y `as rba`kzad casádinsb bd `a bxpbrkbdmka qub ga nctbdkin bd `a bhprbsa. Mrktbrkn? @as cubdas prámtkmas aihkdkstratkvas ib `as bhprbsas sbña`ad qub b` mndtar mnd pbrsnda` mapamktain para ibsarrn``ar b` prnmbsn ib vbdtas, `bs pbrhktb `nerar dkvb`bs prniumtkvns ibsbains. Mausa? @a fa`ta ib aprnvbmgahkbdtn aprnvbmgahkbdtn ib ib`` mndvbdkn mnd `a Máhara Máhara ib Mnhbrmkn Mnhbrmkn ib ZA]MN para `a mapamktamk mapamktamkýd ýd i ibb `ns b h p `b a i n s pnr partb ib `a Ebrbdmka Ebdbra` ga nmaskndain qub b` árba ib vbdtas vbdtas dn rbmkca bstns cbdbfkmkns, cbdbfkmkns, aikmknda`hbdtb Bfbmtn? Dn sb prnpnr prnpnrmkn mknda da kdfnrhamkýd a m t u a ` , prá prámtk mtkma ma y npn npnrtu rtuda da ikshkduybdin `a npnrtudkiai para qub ibsarrn``bd y bobmutbd hbonrbs b` prnmbsn ib vbdtas.

17

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

Auiktnrbs &Asbsnrbs &AsbsnrbsMèa.@tia.  @tia. 

‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD

  BMK.3 3/3 

Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3: GNOA IB GA@@A GA@@A_EN-BV _EN-BVA@RA A@RAMKÓD MKÓD IB MN MNDYSN@ DYSN@ KD KDYY B SD N Mndm`uskndbs? @a bhprbsa IK]HAMNDMNCSB MÈA. @YIA., dn ga prnpnrmkndain mapamktamkýd a` pbrsnda` ib Vbdtas bd tbhas pbrtkdbdtbs a sus amtkvkiaibs nmaskndadin qub `as amtkvkiaibs ib` árba sb rba`kmbd ib amubrin a su bxpbrkbdmka y iboadin ib `ain `a npnrtudkiai ib ibsarrn``ar bd su pbrsnda` hbonrbs y hás bfkmkbdtbs prámtkmas ib vbdtas para mndtrkcukr a` `nern ib `as hbtas prnpubstas.

Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`. - B`acnrará y gará bobmutar p`adbs ib mapamktamkýd, aprnvbmgadin b` mndvbdkn qub `a bhprbsa tkbdb mnd `a Máhara ib Mnhbrmkn ib Quktn para `a mapamktamkýd a `ns bhp`bains.

B`acnrain pnr? SB[B] C@ADMN, A@BWADISA

Fbmga? 3:1;-:1-12

Sbvksain pnr? Kde. Mndsub`n Mn`a

Fbmga?3:1;-:1-16 Fbmga? 3:1;-:1-16

1;

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

Auiktnrbs&AsbsnrbsMèa.@tia.  @tia.  

‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD

BMK.=  1/3 1/3  

Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3: GNOA IB GA@@A GA@@A_EN-B _EN-BVA@R VA@RAMKÓD AMKÓD I IBB MNDYS MNDYSN@ N@ KD Y BS D N GA@@A_EN D.¿ = YÈYR@N? FA@YA IB Z@ADKFKMAMKÝD Z@ADKFKMAMKÝD B]YSAYËEKMA ZASA @A] VBDYA] Mndikmkýd? B` árba ib Vbdtas dn mubdta mnd ncobtkvns dk hbtas bstac`bmkias bd `a Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma ib `a bhprbsa, razýd pnr `a mua` b` obfb ib Vbdtas `as ga bstac`bmkin ib hadbra pbrsnda` mnhn uda fnrha ib ibsarrn``ar su tracaon ib hadbra p`adkfkmaia. Mrktbrkn? @a Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma khp`bhbdtaia bd `a bhprbsa IK]HAMNDMNCSB MÈA. @YIA., ibcb kdm`ukr a `ns prnmbsns bstratëekmns, npbratkvns y ib apnyn ib hadbra kdtbera`. Mausa? Znr fa`ta ib ik`kebdmka, `a Ebrbdmka Ebdbra` dn ga bdfnmain su Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma bd `a tnta`kiai ib `as árbas ib `a bhprbsa, iboadin ib `ain b` árba ib Vbdtas. Bfbmtn? Znr fa`ta ib bstns b`bhbdtns bd b` árba, b` pbrsnda` dn pubib mnhprnhbtbrsb aibmuaiahbdtb aibmuaiahbdtb mnd `as bstratbeka bstratbekas, s, ncobtkvns y hbtas ibfkdkias pnr `a bhprbsa, para bdfrbdtar `as sktuamkndbs qub sb prbsbdtarád prbsbdtarád bd b` futurn.

3:

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

Auiktnrbs&AsbsnrbsMèa.@tia.

‐FBSSBHRDIN  MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD

BMK.= 

Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3: GNOA IB GA@@A GA@@A_EN-B _EN-BVA@R VA@RAMKND AMKND I IBB MNDYS MNDYSN@ N@ KD Y BS D N

Mndm`uskndbs? A` dn mndtar mnd ncobtkvns y hbtas bstac`bmkias bd `a p`adkfkmamkýd Bs Bstratëekma tratëekma ib `a bhprbsa, b` bdmareain ib` árba ib Vbdtas ga eb ebdbrain dbrain sus prnpkas hbtas, ncobtkvns y bstratbekas para b` ibsarrn``n ib su tracaon, `n qub nmasknda qub b` pbrsnda` dn pubia mnhprnhbtbrsb aibmuaiahbdtb aibmuaiahbdtb mnd `as bstratbekas, ncobtkvns y hbtas ibfkdkias pnr `a bhprbsa para bdfrbdtar `as sktuamkndbs qub sb prbsbdtarád bd b` futurn, dk tahpnmn nrkb nrkbdtar dtar sus

bsfubrzns gamka hbtas hbtas rba` rba`kstas kstas ib

ibsbhpbñn, skdn sn`ahbdtb casádinsb c asádinsb bd `as qub b``ns sb gad p`adtbain kdfnrha`hbdtb.

Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`? Kdvn`umrará a` árba ib Vbdtas ibdtrn ib `a Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma y a `a vbz prnpnrmkndará y fahk`karkzará a sus kdtberadtbs mnd bstb inmuhbdtn qub `b sbrvkrá para eukar sus amtuamkndbs a` muhp`khkbdtn ib `ns ncobtkvns y hbtas bstac`bmkias bstac`bmkias ib `a bhprbsa.

B`acnrain pnr? N]NSKN [ADA[AMN, FSBI[ Fbmga? 3:1;-:1-12 Sbvksain pnr? Kde. Mndsub`n Mn`a

Fbmga?3:1;-:1-16 Fbmga? 3:1;-:1-16

31

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

Auiktnrbs&AsbsnrbsMèa.@tia.  @tia.  

‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD

BMK.9 

Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:11 a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:13 GNOA IB GA@@A_EN-BVA@RAMKÓD IB MNDYSN@ GA@@A_EN D.¿ 9 YÈYR@N? FA@YA IB BVA@RAMKÝD BVA@RAMKÝD IB@ IB]BHZBÑN IB]BHZBÑN IB@ ZBS]NDA@ Mndikmkýd? Dn sb bfbmtÿad rbvkskndbs kdibpbdikbdtbs ib` ibsbhpbñn ib `as pbrsndas qub mndfnrhad b` árba ib Vbdtas y Mnhpras. Mrktbrkn? @as cubdas prámtkmas aihkdkstratkvas kdvn`umrad bva`uamkndbs ib` ibsbhpbñn para b` pbrsnda` mnhn uda gbrrahkbdta qub pbrhktb ud bspamkn ib mnhudkmamkýd bdtrb `as autnrkiaibs y `ns tracaoainrbs traybdin mnhn mndm`uskýd `a ebdbramkýd ib bdtuskashn para ud futurn ibsarrn``n ib gack`kiaibs qub ``bvbd a` ëxktn prnfbsknda`. Mausa? Znr fa`ta ib vbrkfkmamkýd ib` ibsbhpbñn i bsbhpbñn ib` pbrsnda`, ya qub dn sb ga g a bdfnmain B` pbrsnda` bd muhp`kr mnd sus rbspndsack`kiaib rbspndsack`kiaibss mndvbdkbdtbhbdtb. Bfbmtn? Znr fa`ta muhp`khkbdtn mnd hëtnin bstac`bmkin, `a aihkdkstramkýd ib `a Bhprbsa rbqukbrb uda earadtèa para b` `nern ib `ns ncobtkvns kdm`ukins bd `as matbenrèas ib bfkmkbdmka y bfkmamka ib maia pbrsnda`.  pbrsnda`.  Mndm`uskndbs? Dn sb rba`kzad rbvkskndbs kdibpbdikbdtbs ib` ibsbhpbñn ib `as pbrsndas ib` árba ib Vbdtas y Mnhpras, `n qub nmasknda qub `as autnrkiaibs dn pubiad tbdbr uda bstkhamkýd ncobtkva ib `ns rbsu`tains nctbdkins ib `as amtkvkiaibs qub ibsarrn``ad `ns bhp`bains, dbmbsarkns para khp`bhbdtar hbonras npnrtudas. npnrtudas.  

33

 

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Auiktnrbs&AsbsnrbsMèa.@tia.  @tia.  

‐FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA.‘ 

BMK.9 

ARIKYNSÈA IB EB]YKÝD Zbrènin? ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3: GNOA IB IB GA@@A_ENGA@@A_EN- BBVA@R VA@RAMKÓD AMKÓD I IBB MNDYS MNDYSN@ N@ KD Y BS D N

Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`? B`acnrará n bdmnhbdiará a `a pbrsnda pbrtkdbdtb `a b`acnramkýd ib ud p`ad para hbikr b` ibsbhpbñn ib `as pbrsndas bd su pubstn ib tracaon, b` hkshn qub pnirèa kdm`ukr kdm`ukr ncobtkvns mnhn?

-

Ibtbmtar dbmbskiaibs ib aikbstrahkbdtn y mapamktamkýd.

-

Ibtbmtar b` pntbdmka` pntbdmka` ibsa ibsarrn``n rrn``n ib `ns bhp`bains

-

Hbonrar `a mnhudkmamkýd mnhudkmamkýd bdtrb obfbs obfbs y bhp`bains.

-

@nerar `a autnpbrfbmmkndahkbdtn ib `ns bhp`bains

B`acnrain pnr? MAS@N] SNISKERB_, SNMKN

Fbmga? 3:1;-:1-12

Sbvksain pnr? Kde. Mndsub`n Mn`a

Fbmga?3:1;-:1-16 Fbmga? 3:1;-:1-16

3=

 

RDKVBS]KI I D MKND @ I DKB@ @MKIB] M SSKND F MR@Y I IB MKBDMK ] BMNDNHKM ] [ MNDY C@B] B]MRB@ IB FNSH MKÝD ZSNFB]KND @ IB MNDY CK@KI I

A mndtkduamkýd, ibta``ahns b` kdfnrhb ib ga``azens ib mndtrn` kdtbrdn ib` árba ib vbdtas? ZA]MN, 31 ib fbcrbrn ib 3:3:

Kde. Ádeb` Makcb Ebrbdtb Ebdbra` FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA. Zrbsbdtb. ” Zrbsbdtb.  ”   Bd rb`amkýd mnd `a Auiktnrka ib Ebstkýd ib `ns prnmbsns ib Mnhpra y vbdta ib `a

Ikstrkcukinra ib Hatbrka`bs ib Mndstrummkýd FBSSBHRDIN MÀA @YIA. pnr b` pbrènin mnhprbdik in ib` :1 ib bdbrn ib 3:1; a` =: ib sbptkbhcrb mnhprbdikin sbptkbhcrb ib 3:3:, sb ga bva`uain `a bstrumtura ib` mndtrn` kdtbrdn, skeukbdin `as dnrhas ib auiktnrèa qub bxkebd qub b` auiktnr nctbdea ud mndnmkhkbdtn e`nca` y ibta``ain ib `ns prnmbsns qub sb auiktbd. B` ncobtkvn ib` mndtrn` kdtbrdn bs prnpnrmkndar a `a aihkdkstramkýd ib `a Bhprbsa uda earadtèa para b` `nern ib `ns ncobtkvns kdm`ukins bd `as matbenrèas ib bfkmkbdmka y bfkmamka ib `as npbramkndbs y b` muhp`khkbdtn ib `bybs, rbe`ahbdtns y pn`ètkmas, mndskibradin qub sn`n pubibd apnrtar ud erain ib sbeurkiai razndac`b, pbrn dn `a sbeurkiai tnta` ib` ibsarrn``n ib `a ebstkýd aihkdkstratkva ib `a bhprbsa. Ibckin a `as `khktamkndbs kdgbrbdtbs a mua`qukbr skstbha ib mndtrn` kdtbrdn, pubibd nmurrkr brrnrbs n krrbeu`arkiaibs, y dn sbr ibtbmtains, bstn bs `n qub sb mndskibra mnhn uda ibck`kiai hatbrka` qub bs uda ibfkmkbdmka khpnrtadtb n uda mnhckdamkýd ib ibfkmkbdmkas khpnrtadtbs qub nrkekdad, mnd uda prncack`kiai hás qub rbhnta, qub ud bvbdtn kdibsbain dn sba prbvbdkin n ibtbmtain, npnrtudahbdtb pnr `ns bhp`bains bd b` muhp`khkbdtn ib sus fudmkndbs. 39

 

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Zara b` p`adbahkbdtn y bobmumkýd ib `a auiktnrèa ib ebstkýd para `ns Zrnmbsns Aihkdkstratkvns ib `as árbas ib Mnhpra y Vbdtas sb ga mndskibrain su skstbha ib mndtrn` kdtbrdn para ibtbrhkdar `ns prnmbikhkbdtns ib auiktnrèa, mnd b` prnpýsktn ib bxprbsar uda npkdkýd sncrb ta` árba bxahkdaia, hás dn para prnpnrmkndar uda sbeurkiai ib` fudmkndahkbdtn ib` mndtrn` kdtbrdn. ]kd bhcaren, sb gad dntain asudtns rb`amkndains mnd b` fudmkndahkbdtn ib ikmgn skstbha, qub, pnr su khpnrtadmka, mndskibrn ibcbd sbr kdm`ukins bd bstb kdfnrhb. @ns asudtns qub ``ahad `a atbdmkýd, bstád rb`amkndains mnd ibfkmkbdmkas khpnrtadtbs bd b` iksbñn y npbramkýd ib` mndtrn` kdtbrdn, qub pnirèad afbmtar dbeatkvahbdtb bd b` ibsbhpbñn i bsbhpbñn aihkdkstratkvn. Mnd bstas mndskibramkndbs, y gamkbdin ëdfasks bd `ns aspbmtns bdmndtrains y qub kdvn`umrad b` skstbha ib mndtrn` kdtbrdn y sus npbramkndbs, bstb kdfnrhb rbsuhb `ns ga``azens ib auiktnrèa qub mnhprbdibd aspbmtns rb`amkndains mnd ibfkmkbdmkas bd b` iksbñn u npbramkýd ib` skstbha ib mndtrn` kdtbrdn qub pubib afbmtar a` `nern ib `ns ncobtkvns, y qub ssbb ibsmrkcbd ibsmrkcbd a mndtkduamkýd? GA@@A_EN D.¿ 1? FA@YA IB AZ@KMAMKÝD IB ZN@ÈYKMA] BD B@ ÁSBA IB VBDYA] ]k bxkstbd pn`ètkmas fnrha`hbdtb bstac`bmkias bd ikmga árba, y a `a vbz snd ikfudikias vbrca`hbdtb pnr partb ib` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra` y obfb ib Vbdtas gamka `ns aihkdkstrainrbs aihkdkstrainrbs para qub `bs mnhudkqub a `ns m`kbdtbs. Bd `as prámtkmas aihkdkstratkvas sbña`ad qub `as bhprbsas ibcbd tbdbr ibckiahbdtb khp`bhbdtaias `as pn`ètkmas ebdbra`bs y bspbmèfkmas para maia árba mnhn uda euèa para nfrbmbr ud sbrvkmkn ýptkhn. B` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra` ga iain pnma khpnrtadmka ib `a fnrha`kzamkýd ib pn`ètkmas a travës ib ud inmuhbdtn khprbsn. B` mndtar mnd `as pn`ètkmas fnrha`hbdtb bhktkias pnr `a bhprbsa, b` supbrvksnr y auxk`kar ib vbdtas dn `n ap`kmad bd fnrha aibmuaia bd sus amtkvkiaibs bstn prniumb qub bxksta b` rkbsen ib i b qub ëstas sbad ha` kdtbrprbtaias, nmaskndadin ud rkbsen npbratkvn, `n qub ikfkmu`ta b` muhp`khkbdtn ib ncobtkvns p`adtbains 32

 

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bd `as prnybmmkndbs ib `a bhprbsa. Mndm`uskndbs? @a bhprbsa FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA., mubdta mnd pn`ètkmas fnrha`hbdtb bstac`bmkias pnr `a bhprbsa, pbrn b` prnc`bha sureb muadin b` obfb ib Vbdtas y auxk`kar ib ikmga árba dn `n ap`kmad b kdfnrha, bsn bs `n qub nmasknda qub sb kdmrbhbdtb b` rkbsen npbratkvn bdtrb `as árbas ib mnnrikdamkýd. Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`. - Fnrhu`ar mnd `ns rbspndsac`bs ib` árba ib vbdtas `a ap`kmamkýd ib `as pn`ètkmas dbmbsarkas y `as bhktkrá fnrha`hbdtb bd ud inmuhbdtn para b` mndnmkhkbdtn y mnrrbmta ap`kmamkýd pnr partb ib `ns tracaoainrbs ib ikmga árba. GA@@A_EN D.¿ 3? DN ]B GA MAZAMKYAIN A@ ZBS]NDA@ IB VBDYA] B` obfb ib Vbdtas y auxk`kar qub bfbmtÿa tnias `as `acnrbs ib` árba ibsib `a rbmbpmkýd ib inmuhbdtamkýd ib prniumtns ib bhpaqub y bhca`aob gasta b` ibspamgn ib `ns prniumtns, dn ga rbmkckin dkdeuda mapamktamkýd rbfbrbdtb a sus amtkvkiaibs y `as rba`kzad casádinsb bd `a bxpbrkbdmka qub ga nctbdkin bd `a bhprbsa. ]beÿd prámtkmas aihkdkstratkvas ib `as bhprbsas hnibrdas b` mndtar mnd pbrsnda` mapamktain para ibsarrn``ar b` prnmbsn ib vbdtas, `bs pbrhktb `nerar dkvb`bs prniumtkvns ibsbains. @a fa`ta ib ik`kebdmka pnr partb ib `a Ebrbdmka Ebdbra` bd `n mndmbrdkbdtb a `a mapamktamkýd aibmuaia ga nmaskndain qub b` árba ib vbdtas dn rbmkca bstns cbdbfkmkns. Dn sb bxp`nta `as gack`kiaibs ib` pbrsnda` ib` árba a` dn bspbmka`kzar`ns dk prnpnrmkndar`bs kdfnrhamkýd amtua`, prámtkma y npnrtuda ikshkduybdin `a npnrtudkiai para qub ibsarrn``bd y bobmutbd hbonrbs y hás bfkmkbdtbs prámtkmas ib vbdtas ibdtrn ib `a bhprbsa, para mndtrkcukr a` `nern ib `as hbtas 36

 

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prnpubstas. Mndm`uskndbs?   Mndm`uskndbs? @a bhprbsa bhprbsa FBSS FBSSBHRDIN BHRDIN MÈ MÈA. A. @YIA., dn ga prnpnrmkndain mapamktamkýd a` pbrsnda` pbrs nda` ib vbdt vbdtas as b d tbhas tbhas pbr pbrtkdb tkdbdtbs dtbs a sus amtkv amtkvkiaib kiaibss nm nmasknd askndadin adin qub `as amtkvkiaibs ib` árba sb rba`kmbd ib amubrin a su bxpbrkbdmka y iboadin ib `ain `a npnrtudkiai ib ibsarrn``ar bd su pbrsnda` hbonrbs y hás bfkmkbdtbs prámtkmas ib vbdtas para mndtrkcukr a` `nern ib `as hbtas prnpubstas. Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`. - B`acnrará y gará bobmutar p`adbs ib mapamktamkýd para b` árba ib vbdtas ibpbdikbdin ib `as dbmbskiaibs qub prbsbdtbd sus mn`acnrainrbs bd tbhas rb`amkndains mnd? Kdfnrhb ib vbdtas i prniumtns, Kdvbdtarkns, btm. GA@@A_EN D.¿ =? FA@YA IB Z@ADKFKMAMKÝD B]YSAYËEKMA ZASA B@ ÁSBA IB VBDYA] B` árba ib Vbdtas dn mubdta mnd ncobtkvns dk hbtas bstac`bmkias bd `a Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma Bstratëekma ib `a bhprbsa, razýd pnr `a mua` b` obfb ib Vbdtas `as ga bstac`bmkin ib hadbra pbrsnda` mnhn uda fnrha ib ibsarrn``ar su tracaon ib hadbra p`adkfkmaia. @a Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma khp`bhbdtaia bd `a bhprbsa FBSSBHRDIN MÈA. @YIA., ibcb kdm`ukr a `ns prnmbsns bstratëekmns, npbratkvns y ib apnyn ib hadbra kdtbera`. Znr fa`ta ib ik`kebdmka, `a Ebrbdmka Ebdbra` dn ga bdfnmain su Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma bd `a tnta`kiai ib `as árbas ib `a bhprbsa, iboadin ib `ain b` árba ib Vbdtas. Znr fa`ta ib bstns b`bhbdtns bd b` árba, b` pbrsnda` dn d n pubib mnhprnhbtbrsb aibmuaiahbdtb mnd `as bstratbekas, ncobtkvns y hbtas ibfkdkias pnr `a bhprbsa, para bdfrbdtar `as sktuamkndbs qub sb prbsbdtarád bd b` futurn, dk 35

 

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tahpnmn nrkbdtar sus bsfubrzns gamka hbtas rba`kstas ib ibsbhpbñn, skdn sn`ahbdtb casádinsb bd `as qub b``ns sb gad p`adtbain kdfnrha`hbdtb. Mndm`uskndbs? A` dn mndtar mnd ncobtkvns y hbtas bstac`bmkias bd `a p`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma Bstratëekma ib `a bhprbsa, b` bdm bdmareain areain ib ib`` árba ib Vb Vbdtas dtas ga ebdbrain sus pr prnpkas npkas hbtas, ncobtkvns y bstratbekas para b` ibsarrn``n ib su tracaon, `n qub nmasknda qub b` pbrsnda` dn pubia mnhprnhbtbrsb aibmuaia aibmuaiahbdtb hbdtb mnd `as bstratbekas bstratbekas,, ncobtkvns y hbtas ibfkdkias pnr `a bhprbsa para bdfrbdtar `as sktuamkndbs qub sb prbsbdtarád bd b` futurn, dk tahpnmn nrkbdtar sus bsfubrzns gamka hbtas rba`kstas ib ibsbhpbñn, skdn sn`ahbdtb casádinsb bd `as qub b``ns sb gad p`adtbain kdfnrha`hbdtb. Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`? Kdvn`umrará a` árba ib Vbdtas ibdtrn ib `a Z`adkfkmamkýd Bstratëekma y a `a vbz prnpnrmkndará y fahk`karkzará a sus kdtberadtbs mnd bstb inmuhbdtn qub `b sbrvkrá para eukar sus amtuamkndbs a` muhp`khkbdtn ib `ns ncobtkvns y hbtas bstac`bmkias ib `a bhprbsa. GA@@A_EN D.¿ 9? FA@YA IB BVA@RAMKÝD IB@ IB]BHZBÑN IB @A] ZBS]NDA] Dn sb bfbmtÿad rbvkskndbs kdibpbdikbdtbs ib` ibsbhpbñn ib `as pbrsndas qub mndfnrhad b` árba ib Vbdtas. @as cubdas prámtkmas aihkdkstratkvas kdvn`umrad bva`uamkndbs ib` ibsbhpbñn para b` pbrsnda` mnhn uda gbrrahkbdta qub pbrhktb ud bspamkn ib mnhudkmamkýd bdtrb `as autnrkiaibs y `ns tracaoainrbs traybdin mnhn mndm`uskýd `a ebdbramkýd ib bdtuskashn para ud futurn ibsarrn``n ib gack`kiaibs qub ``bvbd a` ëxktn prnfbsknda`. B` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`, pnr fa`ta ib kdtbrës, dn ga khp`bhbdtain ud p`ad ib bva`uamkýd ib` ibsbhpbñn pbrsnda` ib vbdtas qub `b pbrhkta mndnmbr b` ibta``b ib `as amtktuibs ib `as pbrsndas. Dn sb tkbdb uda bstkhamkýd ncobtkva ib `ns famtnrbs qub kdvn`umrad b` ammkndar ib` bqukpn ib vbdtas y sb bstá bxpndkbdin 37 `a bhprbsa a qub `ns rbsu`tains sb

 

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bdfnqubd sn`ahbdtb a` muhp`khkbdtn ib `ns tracaons qub b``ns rba`kzad. Mndm`uskndbs? Dn sb rba`kzad rbvkskndbs kdibpbdikbdtbs ib` ibsbhpbñn ib `as pbrsndas ib` árba ib vbdtas, `n qub nmasknda qub `as autnrkiaibs dn pubiad tbdbr uda bstkhamkýd ncobtkva ib `ns rbsu`tains nctbdkins ib `as amtkvkiaibs qub ibsarrn``ad `ns bhp`bains, dbmbsarkns para khp`bhbdtar hbonras npnrtudas. Sbmnhbdiamkndbs? A` Ebrbdtb Ebdbra`? B`acnrará n bdmnhbdiará a `a pbrsnda pbrtkdbdtb `a b`acnramkýd ib ud p`ad para hbikr b` ibsbhpbñn ib `as pbrsndas bd su pubstn ib tracaon, b` hkshn qub pnirèa pnirèa kdm`ukr ncobtkvns mnhn? -

Ibtbmtar dbmbskiaibs ib aikbstrahkbdtn aikbstrahkbdtn y mapamktamkýd.

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Ibtbmtar b` pntbdmka` pntbdmka` ibsar ibsarrn``n rn``n ib `ns bhp`bains

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Hbonrar `a mnhudkmamkýd mnhudkmamkýd bdtrb obfbs y bhp`bains.

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@nerar `a autnpbrfbmmkndahkbdtn ib `ns bhp`bains

Bsta mndskibramkýd sncrb b` mndtrn` kdtbrdn ga skin b`acnraia ÿdkmahbdtb mnhn rbpnrtb kdfnrhatkvn para `a aihkdkstramkýd ib `a bhprbsa y dn kdvn`umra dbmbsarkahbdtb tnins `ns aspbmtns ib` skstbha ib mndtrn` kdtbrdn qub pnirèad sbr sktuamkndbs rbpnrtac`bs, mndsbmubdtbhbdtb, mndsbmubdtbhbdtb, dn rbvb`ar tnins `ns ga``azens ib auiktnrèa qub sbad mndskibrains mnhn ibck`kiaibs hatbrka`bs ta` mnhn sb ibfkdký adtbs. ]kd bhcaren, mndskibrn qub `ns ga``azens ib auiktnrèa ibsmrktns bd bstb kdfnrhb mndstktuyb mndstktuybd d ibck`kiaibs aihkdkstratkvas. Atbdtahbdtb?  obfb auiktnr HNSA@B] HNSA@B] HAYBN HAYBN,, Bvb`yd ARIKYNSA

3;

 

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MNDM@R]KNDB] 1.- @as mapamktamkndbs sb tbdirèad qub iar a` dubvn pbrsnda` qub kderbsa a `a mnhpañèa ibckin qub bstn mnd ``bva a ud cubd ibsbdvn`vkhkbdtn ib` tracaon a rba`kzar. 3.- Zrbsbdtar bva`uamkndbs m`aras y bdtbdikc`bs ib amubrin a` árba y a `a vbz vbrkfkmadin sk `as mapamktamkndbs a `as qub sb ga bdvkain a `ns bhp`bains sk bstád rkdikbdin `n qub sb bspbraca para `a mnhpañèa. =.- Bs khpnrtadtb qub tnins `ns tracaoainrbs sbad bva`uains y b` ib`beain ib Sbmursns Guhadns ibcb tbdbr hás mukiain y dn pasar skd dkdeuda khpnrtadmka bsns asudtns. SBMNHBDIAMKÝDB]

1.- ]b ibcb pndbr haynr atbdmkýd y ikstrkcukr mnrrbmtahbdtb `a marea ib tracaon ibdtrn ib` Árba ib Vbdtas. 3.- @as mapamktamkndbs p`adkfkmaias ibcbrád sbr prbsbdtaias y p`adtbaias a `a Ebrbdmka Ebdbra`, ib ta` hadbra qub dn bxkstad humgns mahckns bd ikmga p`adkfkmamkýd y bxksta tnta` apbrtura para `a aprncamkýd ib `as hkshas, gamkbdin dntar qub dn snd ud eastn skdn uda kdvbrskýd a mnrtn y `aren p`azn para b` cubd fudmkndahkbdtn ib `a Bhprbsa. =.- Mnd rb`amkýd a `a aprncamkýd mnhn sb hbdmkndý bd b` pudtn adtbrknr, tnin sb ibcb rba`kzar mnd adtb`amkýd y cubd p`adtbahkbdtn, para qub tnin sb bdmubdtrb aprncain pnr `a Ebrbdmka Ebdbra`, ib ta` fnrha qub dn bxksta khprnvksamkýd y ibrrnmgb ib rbmursns. 9.- B`acnrar fnrhatns prbkhprbsns y rbduhbrains bstac`bmkins bd muadtn a fndin y fnrha, ib ta` hadbra qub dn =: bxksta mndfuskýd a` hnhbdtn ib rbmbptar y ibspamgar `ns prniumtns.