Habitat Centre

HABITAT CENTER

THESIS BY:-

CHANDRA PRABHA B.ARCH. IVTH YEAR BCA 2012-13

INTRODUCTION “ A HABITAT IS A PLACE WHERE A PERSON FEELS ALL AWAY FROM THE BUSY WORLD AND SHARE HIS WORDS” WHAT IS HABITAT? THE PLACE OCCUPIED BY AN ORGANISM, POPULATION, OR COMMUNITY. IT IS THE PHYSICAL PART OF THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN WHICH AN ORGANISM FINDS ITS HOME, AND INCLUDES THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS PRESENT IN THE SPECIFIC PLACE OCCUPIED BY AN ORGANISM. OFTEN A HABITAT IS DEFINED TO INCLUDE A WHOLE COMMUNITY OF ORGANISMS.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HABITAT

A HABITAT (WHICH IS LATIN FOR "IT INHABITS") IS AN ECOLOGICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL AREA THAT IS INHABITED BY A PARTICULAR SPECIES IT IS THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH AN ORGANISM LIVES, OR THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT THAT SURROUNDS (INFLUENCES AND IS UTILIZED BY) A SPECIES POPULATION.

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HABITAT CENTRE:

It is centre of contemporary cultural, economic, business, social events. The concern for the habitat & its environment works as the back bone of habitat centre. It not only provides an improved working environment to its employees but also contribute to the urban level functions that a living city requires.

It provide an ideal physical environment with A range of facilities that would maximize the effectiveness of the individuals and institutions, in their holistic support of habitat. Its principle “to restore at every level” environment and ecological A balanced & improved way of life is reflected . the habitat is not only A home to these offices and research organizations but in order to facilitate their interactions, the centre provides A wide range of facilities like conference venues, exhibition halls, seminar rooms, restaurants and club and performance venues for the cultural activities.

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WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI Name of the project: West Delhi Habitat Centre, New delhi Location of the site: Shivaji District Centre, Rajouri Garden

BRIEF OUTLINE AND AIM OF THE PROJECT: . The Project: Seeing the performance of IHC , similar proposals have been approved by various state governments to be set up in various state capitals for a similar purpose and environment. It requires the setting up of an integrated complex with dedicated facilities distinct in character and manner in operation such that it becomes a landmark by itself. The project west delhi habitat center, shivaji place district center. Rajouri garden , is being conceived like its predecessor “ Indian habitat center, lodhi road, delhi. It would be similar in both its purpose and function. It would be an assembly of intellectual minds, social workers, artists, high rank officials, industrialists, some eminent politicians and citizens. There interaction on social, political and cultural issues would bring a fruitful difference to the society and habitat of people in this part of the country. Habitat means : the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism. A person’s usual or preferred surroundings. Habitat center has been conceived as an ideal physical environment with a range of facilities that would maximize the effectiveness of the individuals and institutions, in their holistic support of the habitat . the principal resolve of the centre –”to restore at every level- environment and ecological-a balanced, harmonious and improved way of life,” is reflected in its concept and design. It incorporates innovative new technologies in building management systems, conference systems, communication and energy conservation , creating probably the most intelligent building in the country.

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WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI AIMS: Develop an integrated physical environment in which various professions and institutions dealing with different facets of habitat and habitat related environmental issues would function, interact and attempt to resolve habitat related problems in a coordinated manner. Promote awareness in regard to habitat related environment issues including water, noise, air & waste pollution, energy & its conservation, water and human waste management and other such matters. Promote better urban and rural settlements relevant of the indian social, cultural and economic context and related to the lifestyle of its people. Document all relevant information pertaining to habitat, human settlements and environmental issues. Advise and if needed , assist the government in the implementation of policies related to habitat, and human settlements. Promote education, research, training and professional development on habitat and human settlement and environment related issues. Organize and promote conferences, seminars, lectures, public debates and exhibitions in matters relating to habitat, human settlements and environment. Acquire, hold, improve and develop lands and construct building related facilities on behalf of members of the centre. Organize and maintain hostels, restaurants and other amenities for its member, their guests and non- members invited by the centre. Inculcate better awareness and sensitivity in regard to all aspect of creative human activity including significance of art in habitat.

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WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI WHY THIS PROJECT: •THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DESIGN A PUBLIC PLACE, WHICH WILL PROVIDE FOR ACTIVITIES THAT INCREASE PEOPLE PARTICIPATION, A PLACE THAT HAVE COMBINATION OF CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, BUSINESS, SOCIAL EVENTS. FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT: •OFFICES: THIS COMPLEX WILL HAVE VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AND NON GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND OFFICES RELATED TO HABITAT-RELATED ISSUES. •SEMINAR ROOMS •CONFERENCE HALLS •RESTAURANTS •LIBRARY

•AUDITORIUM •OPEN AIR THEATRE •ART GALLEREY •RECREATIONAL AMENITIES: TO PROVIDE TO ENHANCE THE GOALS OF CONGENIAL MEETING ENVIRONMENT AND A PODIUM FOR CULTURAL EXCHANGE TO UPGRADE INFORMATION LEVEL.

FEASIBILITY:A TRULY COSMOPOLITAN CITY, IT HAS BROUGHT WITH IN ITS PEOPLE OF ALL ETHNICS GROUP AND THEIR TRADITIONS AND CULTURES, REFLECTED IN THE VARIETY OF ARTS, CRAFTS FESTIVALS AND LIFESTYLES.

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WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI INTRODUCTION PROJECT INTRODUCTION

PROJECT :

WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE

TYPE OF PROJECT : COMMERCIAL CLIENT :

URBAN AND SHELTER

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, NEW DELHI SITE AREA :

10.9 ACRE , 44,112.3 SQMT

MAP OF INDIA

PROPOSED SITE – 10.9 ACRES

MAP SHOWING SHIVAJI DISTRICT CENTRE WITH SITE

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MAP OF DELHI(WEST DELHI)

WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI SITE ACCESS The site is well-connected to the ring road, the shivaji road, najafgarh road and ragubir nagar road, being a part of district center is enjoys availability of the D.T.C. bus terminal and a metro station

24 mt wide vishal cinema road

Vishal enclave bus stop

SITE CONNECTIVITY

•FROM RAJOURI GARDEN

METRO STATION – 100 MTS

30 mt wide shivaji road on north side

LANDMARKS TDI Paragon Mall in Shivaji Place District Centre  TDI Mall City Square in Shivaji Place Rajouri Garden Metro station  Shopper’s stop  West end mall

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18 mt wide road on south side

WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI SHIVAJI DISTRICT CENTRE

The Shivaji Place District Centre is spread over 65 acres (260,000 m2). It is planned that the district centre will consist of eleven shopping malls along with commercial and office buildings, a five star hotel and a Habitat Centre similar to the India Habitat Centre. Currently, there are 5 functional malls: City Square, TDI Mall, TDI Paragon,  Shopper's Stop  West Gate Mall

CITY SQUARE MALL

TDI MALL

METRO STATION

PETROL PUMP ADJACENT TO MY SITE TDI PARAGON MALL

Additionally, the area also has a Delhi Metro station, a DTC bus terminal, a police station, a telephone exchange, MCD office, one petrol pumps, and the Vishal Cinema. There will be adequate parking both at the periphery of the development and also large pedestrian plazas and extensively landscaped areas. D.G.P OFFICE

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DETAILED CASE STUDY INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI INTRODUCTION ARCHITECT: JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AND BHALLA ASSOCIATES. DESIGN: JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN . SITE AREA: 9.6 ACRES. F.A.R ACHIEVED: 1.4 OUT OF 2.5 PERMITTED YEAR OF STARTING : 1989 YEAR OF INAUGRATION : 1992

ABOUT I.H.C •

INDIAN HABITAT CENTRE IS FOR THE UNIFICATION OF ALL INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS WORKING IN DIVERSE HABITAT RELATED AREAS. • OTHER THAN THAT THE CENTRE ALSO SERVES AS A PLACE FOR SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND ORGANIZING EXHIBITIONS. • CONCEIVED AS A BUILDING IN THE GARDEN, AS PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER AND THE WHOLE BUILDING MERGE WITH NATURE. • SELECTION OF IHC AS A CASE STUDY IS BECAUSE OF THE SIMILARITIES OF REQUIREMENTS OF MY PROJECT WITH THE REQUIREMENTS IN IHC • TO DESIGN A BUILDING WITH THE RICH ETHNIC LOOK AS IHC, BY USING VARIETY OF LOCAL MATERIALS.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI LOCATION OF I.H.C The IHC is located on 9.6 acre site of Lodi Road on the Maxmuller Marg on the fringes of Lutyen’s Delhi. IHC is located on on the south of delhi. IHC has lodhi Road on the north side, Vardhaman marg on the south and the Max Muller on the western side.

LOCATION OF I.H.C

On the southern side of site, there is a service road, which connects Max Mueller marg to Bhishmpitamah road.Two schools surround the site ,one school Air Force Bal Bharti school is on the eastern side of site & Dewan Chand Arya senior sec. school is on the western side. The southern side of the site comprises of government houses.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI INFRASTRUCTURE Auditorium – capacity 537 also acts as multi-Purpose hall. Restaurant – there are 4 restaurant For The members and one restaurant With the capacity of 140 people. Library with a collection of over 3,000 books, journal,newsPaper, clipping and video Conferencing. Conference roomWith an area of 2084 sqmt. Guest room-total no. of 57 Guest room. Health spa ,Fitness centre , pool Visual art gallery – having an exhibition court and can reception about 150 ppl. Theatre – can accommodate around 180 ppl. Ideal for workshop , board meetings and theatre/cultural performance of all kinds when combined.

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AREA PROGRAMME Total plot area - 38,867.8 sqm/9.6 acre Permissible Ground coverage – 25% Gross floor area – 53,241.7 sqm F.A.R - 140 Area of basement- 36,988.9 (P1= 18,152.6,P2= 18,836 Area of office and service- 30,401 sqm(57.1% F.A) Area for recreational space- 2,182.9 sqm (4.1% F.A) Exhibition- 284 sqm Conference- 2084 Auditorium- 945 sqm Area for services and utility- 6,761.7sqmt(12.7%) (1,400 sqm of storage in basement for services) Restaurant- 672 sqm Kitchen- 373 sqm library- 1313sqm guest room – 57 in no.

DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI CONCEPT PLAN

ELEVATION FEATURES:• SYMMETRICAL FAÇADE BRICK CLADDED WITH THE TILE INLAY COLOURED TILES USED IN THE FAÇADE, GREEN RED AND YELLOW TILES • INTERIOR FAÇADE USES YELLOW AND RED TILES WHICH ARE HORIZONTAL AS WELL VERTICAL LANDSCAPING IS EVIDENT IN THE USE OF PLANTERS. • INTERIOR FACADES ARE BROKEN BY BRIDGES ACROSS EVERY BLOCK SPLITTING THE COURT INTO FOUR DIFFERENT PARTS. • THE CONVENTION CENTRE HAS A HUGE PERGOLA THAT DEFINES IT.

SECTIONS

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI

LAYOUT CIRCULATION:• • • •

ENTIRE COMPLEX MADE VEHICLE FREE ZONE. FEW PARKING PROVIDED ON PERIPHERY. MAJORITY OF PARKING PROVIDED IN BASEMENT . THE WHOLE COMPLEX IS PEDESTRIANISED CREATING CAMPUS LIKE CHARACTER

• Access is from 3 sides. • Gate no.1 is on the lodhi roads and act mainly as staff entry for people working in habitat complex. • Gate no.2 is situated on the Max mular Road and is mainly used as vehicular entry. • Gate no 3 is situated on Vaardhaman Marg and act as entrance for habitat convention centre. • Gate no 3A is also on vardhman marg and is mainly used as service entry. GATE NO.1 USE CORE 4A ,4B, 6A,6B FROM BASEMENT PARKING FOR. • ROOM BLOCK. • RESTAURANT. • OFFICES. • FITNESS CENTRE • AMPHITHEATRE

GATE NO.2 USE CORE 5A ,5B OR 7A FROM BASEMENT PARKING FOR. • EXHIBITION HALL . • EMERALD GARDEN. • MARGOSA LAWN. • SILK COTTON LAWN. • IHC INFORMATION OFFICE.

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GATE NO.3 USE CORE 1A ,1B FROM BASEMENT PARKING FOR. • CONVENTION CENTRE. • CULTURAL VENUES. • OUTDOOR AREA.

DETAILED CASE STUDY LAYOUT

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI

Lower Ground Floor Meeting halls(having portions below auditorium), two conference room and a documentation room

Ground Floor Lobby, Auditorium, conference hall with attach foyer and open lawn.

First Floor Auditorium Balcony, lobby conference halls and out door events.

Basement parking 400 cars and generator room

Lower basement Services- AC Plant (620ton) Boiler- (10 kg/sqm) Control Room, store room and carpentry and electrical workshop.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI

Joseph Stein Auditorium

Capacity- Total seating – 537 Area- 6206 sq ft Theatre Style Lobby Width- 5 mts.  350 PEOPLE IN MAIN HALL AND 180 PEOPLE IN BALCONY.  STAGE AREA – 170SQ.FT AND 20 PEOPLE CAN PERFORM AT ONCE.  THE HALL IS IDEA FOR LARGE CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, FILM SCREENINGS, PRESENTATIONS, THEATRE AND CULTURAL PERFORMANCE IN ALL KINDS.

THE THEATRE - AMALTAS, KADAMBA,RUDRAKSHA:THIS 'TRINITY' OF ROOMS IS AN EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE SET WITH INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS COMBINED USAGE POSSIBILITIES. IDEAL FOR WORKSHOPS, BOARD MEETINGS AND THEATRE/CULTURAL PERFORMANCES OF ALL KINDS WHEN COMBINED. CAN BE USED AS THREE INDIVIDUAL MEETING ROOMS TOO.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI CONVENTION CENTRE • • • •

AUDITORIUM CONFERENCE. DOCUMENTATION CENTRE HABITAT LIBRARY AND RESOURCE GROUND FLOOR:1) LOBBY. 2) AUDITORIUM. 3) CONFERENCE HALL WITH ATTACHED FOYER. 4) OPEN LAWN. FIRST FLOOR:1) LOBBY. 2) AUDITORIUM BALCONY. 3) CONFERENCE HALL WITH ATTACHED FOYER. 4) TWO SMALL MEETING HALLS. 5) OUT DOOR EVENTS.

LOWER GROUNDFLOOR:1) MEETING HALLS(HAVING PARTITION BELOW AUDITORIUM). 2) TWO CONFERENCE ROOMS. 3) DOCUMENTATION CENTRE. 4) THEATRES. 5) CONFERENCE CUM BANQUET HALL.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI

BUSINESS CENTRE:-

MAGNOLIA :-

MAPLE:-

A FREE SEATING HALL, ALLOWING FLEXIBLE SEATING OPTION SUITED FOR BOTH CONFERENCE AND PARTY USAGE.

THE MAPLE ROOM HAS BEEN ELEGANTLY DONE UP FOR THAT EXCLUSIVE PARTY OR SMALL CONFERENCE.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI MAHOGANY:A HALL BEST SUITED FOR SMALL GATHERINGS. ATTACHED ARE A KITCHENETTE AND A PRIVATE WASHROOM. IDEAL FOR VIP REQUIREMENTS WHEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE AUDITORIUM.

GULMOHAR :A LARGE FIXED SEATING HALL WITH EXCELLENT A COUSTICS AND STATE-OF-THE-ART MULTIMEDIA FACILITIES. EACH TABLE IS EQUIPPED WITH A SET OF MIKES. IDEAL FOR LARGE SEMINARS, CORPORATE PRESENTATIONS, PRESS INTERACTIONS, PRODUCT LAUNCHES ETC.

CHINAR & WILLOW :IDEAL FOR SMALL FUNCTIONS LIKE CONFERENCES, BOARD MEETINGS, PRESENTATIONS, WORKSHOPS, SEMINARS AND PARTIES, THESE ROOMS CAN BE USED SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER COMBINING THE FOYER TOO.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI

GUEST ROOM GUEST ROOMS FROM 1ST-5TH FLOOR EACH FLOOR CONSISTS OF 12-ROOMS WITH SERVICE CORE AND PANTRY. SERVICES LIKE LAUNDRY, LINEN ROOM, STORAGE AREAS ARE LOCATED IN BASEMENTS BELOW GUEST HOUSES GUEST HOUSE BLOCK GROUND FLOOR 1ST TO 5TH FLOOR AMERICAN DINNER GUEST ROOMS ( NON MEMBER) (58 ROOMS)

5TH AND 6 TH FLOOR ORIENTAL OCTAPUS DELHI ‘O’ DELHI (MEMBER)

58 ROOMS • 44 STANDARD ROOMS • 8 SUPERIOR ROOMS • 4 SUITES • 2 APARTMENTS PAST TIMES.

DELHI ‘O’ DELHI

RESTAURANTS:IHC CONSISTS OF 2 NON MEMBER RESTAURANTS EATOPIA:• FOOD COURT • CONSISTS OF CYBER CAFÉ, VIDEO GAMES AND PLAY AREA FOR KIDS ALL AMERICAN DINNER:• GROUND FLOOR • IT IS BOTH FOR MEMBERS AND GUESTS.

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ORIENTAL OCTAPUS.

IHC CONSISTS OF 4 MEMBER RESTAURANTS PAST TIMES:DELHI ‘O’ DELHI:• IT IS A DINING ROOM • 388.89 SQ.MT AREA • 6TH FLOOR ORIENTAL OCTAPUS:• 5TH FLOOR . THE DECK:255.56 SQ.MT AREA

DETAILED CASE STUDY DESIGN ELEMENTS

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI

INTERNAL COURTYARD • LANDSCAPE BUILDING VOLUMES ARE ARTICULATED TO FORM INTERCONNECTED INTERNAL COURTYARDS THAT ARE MAJOR PUBLIC SPACES WITH DIVERSE IMPORTANCE. • THE GREEN AREA HAVE BEEN GIVEN BRICK SKIRTING SO AS TO MAKE IT STAND OUT FROM THE FLOOR AREA

SUNSCREEN ELEMENT • A HIGHLY DRAMATIC FEATURE OF THE BUILDING IS THE SUN SCREEN ELEMENTS, WHICH PROTECT THE COURTYARDS FROM SEVERE SUNSCREEN GLARE WHILE LETTING IN THE WINTER SUN. • SHADING DEVICES THAT REJECT AND REFLECT THE UNWANTED SOLAR ENERGY PROVIDE A PLEASANT CLIMATE.

OPEN SPACES

THE MONOTONY OF THE HORIZONTAL STRETCH OF THE BUILDING IS VERY CLEVERLY BROKEN BY VERTICAL MIRROR GLASS WINDOWS ON FRONT FACADE

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DETAILED CASE STUDY

INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI Lite Zone (Fitness Centre, Swimming Pool, Gym, Spa) Lite Zone provides a range of services and activities to its members and residential guests. Among the city’s finest fitness facilities it includes one of the most comprehensive gyms, a soothing spa with sauna, steam room & jacuzzi and a roof-top swimming pool.

Swimming Pool Fitness Centre

INFERENCES •

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ZONING OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS IS DONE IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH FUNCTION GETS A DISTINCT ENTITY AND PERSON COMING INSIDE KNOWS WHERE HE HAS TO GO . SIGNAGE'S PLAY A VERY IMPORTANT PART IN THE BUILDING. DUE TO PROVISION OF SUNSCREEN IN THE COURTYARD A PERSON GETS A FEELING OF WALKING IN CLOSED ATRIUM KIND OF SPACE WHICH HAS BOTH NATURAL LIGHT AND SHADE.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI INTRODUCTION LOCATION : Lodhi Estate, New Delhi ARCHITECT : Joseph Allen Stein SITE AREA : 4.6 ACRES YEAR OF STARTING : 1958 YEAR OF INAUGRATION : 1962 ADDITION OF IIC ANNEXE :1996 ADDRESS - 40, LODI ROAD, MAX MUELLER MARG, CONNAUGHT PLACE, NEW DELHI. IIC MAIN BUILDING

THE INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTER WAS FOUNDED IN 1958 BY THE THEN PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA, JAWAHARLAL NEHRU. IT WAS DEDICATED AND OPENED TO THE PUBLIC IN THE YEAR 1962. LATER, AS THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CENTRE EXPANDED, AN ANNEXE WAS ADDED TO THE MAIN COMPLEX IN DECEMBER 1996. THE INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE IS AMONG THE BEST CONVENTION CENTRES IN DELHI. THE IIC IS LOCATED IN THE LODHI ESTATE, NEW DELHI ALONG THE MAX MULLER MARG, A 15M WIDE QUITE ROAD. THE BUILDINGS OF THE CENTRE ARE LOCATED IN AN IDEAL ENVIRONMENT. SITUATED IN THE HEART OF NEW DELHI, THE CENTRE IS ADJACENT TO THE LODI GARDENS OVERLOOKING A MAGNIFICENT LANDSCAPE OF GARDENS AND HISTORIC MONUMENTS FROM THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADJOINING MEMORIAL PLAZA, DEDICATED TO MAHATMA GANDHI AND MARTIN LUTHER KING. THE LODHI GARDEN AND TOMBS IN THE NORTH AND THE WEST AND THE FORD FOUNDATION BUILDING IN THE SOUTH.

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GOOGLE IMAGE OF IIC

DETAILED CASE STUDY INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI

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THE ACCESS TO IIC IS FROM MAX MULLER MARG. A SERVICE LANE ON THE SIDE PROVIDES A SECONDARY ENTERANCE AND PARKING SPACE.

CONCEPT:• THE CENTRE WAS DISIGNED SO THAT INDIAN INTERNATIONAL CENTRE AND LODHI GARDEN COULD FUNCTION AS ONE ENTITY. • THE ARCHITECTURAL SCHEME IS CHARACTERISED BY THE CAREFUL RELATION OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES. • ENTRIES ARE PROVIDED IN SUCH A MANNER TO ENTER ANY SECTION OF THE CENTRE THROUGH OUTDOOR SPACES WITHOUT DISTURBING THE ONGOING ACTIVITIES IN OTHERS.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY BUILDING ENVIRONMENT

INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI

THE CENTRE RETAINS ITS OWN DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER OF A GREEN OASIS AMIDST THE NEWER BUILDINGS IN LODI ESTATE. IN THE HURRIED PACE OF LIFE IT IMPARTS A SENSE OF LEISURE, WITH THE BUILDINGS OPENING INTO OUTER AND INNER COURTYARDS, LAWNS AND FLOWERING TREES AND POOLS OF STILL WATER.

SITE LAYOUT

SITE LAYOUT 

THE CENTRE IS COMPOSED OF STEIN’S CHARACTERISTICALLY INDIVIDUALLY ARTICULATED  BLOCKS:46 GUEST ROOMS, A LOUNGE AND DININGROOM IN ONE,  A PROGRAMME BLOCK OF LIBRARY AND OFFICES, AND A DOMED AUDITORIUM ARE ALL GROUPED AROUND TWO GREAT COURTS, AND CONNECTED BY PORTICOES AND GROUND-LEVEL AND ROOFTOP VERANDAHS.

3 DIFFERENT WINGS OF IIC WERE DESIGNED TO REFLECT THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CENTRE. 1. NORTH WING: RESIDENTIAL ROOMS. 2. WEST WING:- DINING AREAS. 3. SOUTH WING: LIBRARY,AUDITORIUM,ADMINISTRATIVE,OFFICES

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DETAILED CASE STUDY INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI PLOT SIZE :- 4.6 ACRES(18,600 SQ.M) BUILT UP AREA:- 8140 SQ.M •

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PLANNING THE BUILDING IS DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY TO HAVE VIEW OF GARDENS ON ALL 4 SIDES. DINING ROOM AND LOUNGE OPEN ONTO TERRACES OVERLOOKING THE PARK.. ALL THE MAIN ROOMS, LIKE OFFICES, LIBRARY, GUEST ROOMS ETC, FACE APPROXIMATELY NORTH – SOUTH DIRECTION., THE PREFERRED ORIENTATION IN THE DELHI LATITUDE. THE DINING ROOMS AND LOUNGE OVERLOOK AN EXCEPTIONAL VIEW OF THE LODI GARDENS AND HENCE , ARE IN WEST DIRECTION. IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF DESIGN WAS THE USE OF COURTS AND OPENINGS THROUGH THE BUILDINGS TO CREATE A LIVELY SEQUENCE OF VISUAL EXPERIENCES FROM APPROACH TO ENTRY TO EXIT.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN ALL THE PART OF THE BUILDING FACE ONE OR THE OTHER LAWNS, FOR A GOOD VIEW.CENTRE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN IDEAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ACADAMIC, CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS

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DETAILED CASE STUDY INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI LANDSCAPING •

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INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE IS CONCEIVED AS A DESIGN OF INTERELLATED INTERIOR & SHADED SPACES, COURTYARDS & GARDENS. EACH COURTYARD OR GARDEN HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE FUNCTION & ASPECT. THE FIRST ENTRANCE COURT PROVIDES ACCESS ON THE NORTH SIDE TO THE GUESTROOMS AND ON THE SOUTH SIDE TO THE AUDITORIUM. AFTER PROCESSIONAL ENTRY ONE IS MET A WELCOMING PORTICO OF EXTENDED PRECAST VAULTS WHICH BOUND THE WESTERN EDGE OF COURT. PASSING THROUGH PORTICO THE VISITOR ENTERS INTO MAIN COURTYARD AND THEN INTO THE GARDENS OF THE CENTRE, WHICH BOUND THE REAR AND NORTH SIDES OF THE SITE.

VEHICULAR PARKING AND CIRCULATION:•THE TWO VEHICULAR ENTRIES ARE FROM THE WESTERN SIDE FROM THE MAX MULLER MARG •IN SOUTH SIDE ENTRY FROM THE COMPOUNDS OF THE BUILDING AND FORD FOUNDATION •VEHICULAR CIRCULATION IS LAID IN SUCH A MANNER THAT IT DOES NOT CROSS ANY OF THE OPEN SPACE OR PEDESTRIAN PATH. PARKING PROVIDED BEHIND THE MAIN BLOCK (10-12 PARKING IN THE SITE)ENTRY TO THE HOSTEL IS NOT DIRECTLY POSSIBLE FROM THE PARKING.

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DETAILED CASE STUDY INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS • •

INDIVIDUALLY SHAPED ELEMENTS (ROUGH-CUT STONES FOR WALLS, CUT STONE FLOORING PAVERS) AND THE MODULAR ELEMENTS ( JALIS, ALUMINIUM WINDOW SECTIONS) WERE ALL MADE ON THE SITE AND THEN CAREFULLY FITTED INTO PLACE. THE STRUCTURAL WORK IS FINELY DETAILED AND IS EVEDENT FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDITORIUM ROOF DOME AND THE COFFERED CEILINGS IN THE CENTRE. ROUGH-CUT STONES FOR WALLS

COFFERED CEILINGS

MERITS • • • •

THE WHOLE FAÇADE CONSISTS OF EXPOSED MATERIALS WHICH GIVES THE BUILDING A VERY RICH LOOK. GOOD RELATION IS MAINTAINED BETWEEN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES. USE OF COURTS AND OPENINGS THROUGH THE BUILDINGS TO CREATE A LIVELY SEQUENCE OF VISUAL EXPERIENCES FROM APPROACH TO ENTRY TO EXIT. PLANNING DONE IN THREE DIFFERENT WINGS WITH SEPARATE ENTRIES TO EACH WING WITHOUT DISTURBING ANY WING.

JALIS USED IN AUDITORIUM WINDOWS AND BETWEEN GUEST ROOMS BALCONIES. JALIS OF TRADITIONAL DELHI BLUE GLAZED TILES ARE USED, ECHOING THE COLOUR OF THE TILES ON THE LODHI TOMBS

INFERENCES • ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING WORKED ACCORDING TO THE DELHI WEATHER • USAGE OF JAILS ON THE FACADE AS LIGHT BREAKERS, GIVES IT A MONOTONOUS LOOK • THE LANDSCAPING INCLUDES GREEN AREAS AS WELL AS WATER BODIES ADJOINING THE LOUNGE AND GUEST ROOM. • THE HISTORIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE SITE KEPT IN MIND • VERTICAL LANDSCAPING IS ALSO SEEN ON THE STAIR TOWER WITH CREEPERS ALL OVER IT, • THE JAILS THE ORIENTATION AS WELL AS MATERIALS USED, KEEP THE SPACE COOLED BY THE USE OF WATER BODIES AS WELL AS • THE EXPERIENCE AT THE SPACE STIMULATES THE USER

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AREA COMPARATIVE CHART FUNCTION

I.H.C

I.I.C

H.I.C.C

SITE AREA

9.6 ACRE/38,867 SQMT

4.6 ACRE/18,600 SQMT

15 ACRE/60,705 SQMT

TYPOLOGY

COURTYARD PLANNING

IT IS CONCEIVED AS ADESIGN OF INTERRELATED INTERIOR AND SPACES,COURTYARD AND GARDENS.

LARGE MUTIPURPOSE HALLS ARE PROVISED IN THE CENTRE WITH THE ENTRANCE FOYER.

COURTYARD PLANNING PERMITS HIGHER FLEXIBILITY IN SOLVING LIGHTING AND VENTILATION PROBLEM.

APPROACH

THE MAIN GATES ON 3 ROADS,TWO FOR DELEGATES AND STAFF

THE COMPLEX HAS TWO ENTRANCE/EXIT

THE ENTRANCE IS THROUGH HITEX ROAD.

ENTRANCES SHOULD BE PROMINENT AND VISIBLE WITH PROPER SIGNAGE.

CIRCULATION

THE REMARKABLE FEATURE OF IHC IS ITS TRAFFICE FREE ENVOIREMENT.

THE USE OF COURTS & OPENINGS THROUGH THE BUILDING CREATES LIVELY VISUAL LINK FROM APPROACH TO ENTRY,TO EXIT

SEPERAT ENTRY FOR DELEGATES,EXHIBI TORS,STAFF AND VIP’S ARE PROVIDED.

PROPER CIRCULATION PROVIDES FEASIBILITY IN MOVEMENT AND GIVES GUIDANCE TO THE VISITOR’S.

PARKING

IT HAS DOUBLE BASEMENT PARKING OF 18,000 SQM.IN AREA TO ACCOMMODATE 933 CARS

ONLY PARKING FOR STAFF IS PARKING FOR PROVIDED ON SITE. 1000+CARS ARE MADE FOR PARKING.

945 SQM

350 SQM

27,000 SQM

CAPACITY – 537 PPL.

CAPACITY - 240

4000 PPL.

AUDITORIUM

28

INFERENCES

PARKING FACILITIES ENSURE NO CHAOS,PROVIDES PROPER COORDINATION DURING HECTIC SCHEDULE

AREA COMPARATIVE CHART FUNCTION

I.H.C

I.I.C

GUEST ROOMS

57 NO.

51 NO.

POSITIVE FEATURES

SHADING DEVICE REJECTS THE UNWANTED SOLAR ENERGY.

OPEN SPACES,LANDSCAPE MERGES WITH SURROUNDING.CONSIDERATI ON FOR HANDICAPPED ARE PROVIDED

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACES.DESIGN FOR HANDICAPPED.LARG E COLUMN FREE SPACE.

SPACES SHOULD BE FLEXIBLE TO MEET DIFFERENT REQUIREMENT.ON SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY SHOULD BE PROVIDED.

MATERIALS

EXPOSED BRICKWORK ON FAÇADE.RED SANDSTONE AND RED TILES ARE USED

JALIS IN BLUE CERAMIC TILES

STEEL,GLASS,ALUMI NIUM PANELS ARE USED.

IT HELPS TO DEFINE THE BUILDING ELEVATIONAL WISE

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR COURT FACING FAÇADE ARE THOUGHTFULLY ARCTICULATED

THE FAÇADE IS MADE BY KEEPING IN MIND NEAR BY MONUMENTS.

.IT IS A MODERN BUILDING WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BT BOLD USE OF MATERIALS LIKE STEEL,GLASS,ALUMI NIUM PANELS

THE BUILDING SHOULD COMPLIMENT THE AREA OF THE CITY

H.I.C.C

INFERENCES

-

29

STANDARDS

ACC. TO STANDARDSUnlike most theatres , cinemas and even lecture theatres , a convention or confrence hall has to cater for a wide range of different sizes of meetings , together with their particular platform arrangements, audio visual aid equipment and display . the extent to which other functions will need to be accommodated will depend on the primary role of the premises . The architectural program for salable conference and meeting spaces is essential to defining the convention centre product. This can be best be done in three steps : Consider the types of general and special purpose rooms that are required. determine the optimum and maximum capacity of each. Establish the no. of each type. The convention centers provide conference rooms, Amphitheatres , auditoriums, and computer facilities. Auditorium The auditorium is a sloped floor , theatre like room for formal presentations, sometimes with additional balcony seating . it generally includes a stage and front screen projection capabilities. Amphitheater The amphitheatre is a tiered room incorporating built-in work surfaces , which are often curved to focus seating on the speaker or horseshoe – shaped to allow better eye contact with the attendees. Space requirement is 25 sqft per seat or 2.25 sqm per seat. Multipurpose conference room This is a large , flexible meeting room often with subdivisible partitions ,a flat floor , and a 200 to 500 seat capacity. The character of this room can vary greatly , depending upon the type of conference centre , with some more resembling a junior ballroom and others little different from standard conference room.most incorporate either front or rear seat or 1.35 to 2.2 sqm per seat for executive theatre and classroom setups.

30

STANDARDS

Conference Rooms These dedicated conference rooms for 20 to 50 ppl form the majority of the meeting facilities. The have simple flat floors ,simple built –in systems, including writing and tackable surface ,projection screens and presentation rails , some include front – seat projection , space requirements : 18 to 26 sqft or 1.6 to 2.3 sqm per seat for executive theatre and classroom setups: 34 to 42 sqft or 3 to 3.8 sqm per seat for hollow square and u-shaped arrangements. Breakout Rooms Breakout rooms are small conference rooms for upto 12 people with limited features ,usually including tackable walls ,a white boared ,and a projection screen ,space requirements: 25 sqm per seat:larger rooms are often used but still for not more than 10 to 12 people. Boardroom The boardroom is special upgraded conference room with a fixed table , executive chairs , high level finishes ,front and /or rear seat projection , and a private lounge or anteroom. Usual capacity is about 16 to 24.space requirements:40sqft or 3.6 sqm per seat ,increased ,by 50 percent when providing a projection room ,pantry ,or anteroom. Computer Room This special training room, incorporates several rows of works stations ,each with the capability of exchanging information .many of these rooms are part of a large building or campus network, space requirement 30 to 40 sqft or 2.7 to 3.6 sqm per seat. The Assembly and Support areas program In addition to determining the necessary conference and training spaces, the prefunction areas and such support functions must be established. The assembly spaces are of various types, from a seprate lobby for day attendees , to major prefunction areas outside the larger rooms, to smaller refreshment areas . The assembly areas should total between 15 to 50 percent of the salable conference space. The principal component include : Conference services: space is needed for offices for the conference conclerge, the conference service manager, and A.V planners, and a lounge for meeting with clients: some operators include a audiovisual room and work areas adjacent or nearby. Audiovisuals: Rear and front screen projection rooms, offices and workroom and the audiovisual technicians, a central distribution room. Storage areas: Space is needed for conference room furnishing, including tables, chairs, lectems, and riser; portable audio visual equipment ; food service supplies; and client material sent in advance of meetings. Coffee pantry: Include a service area for brewing coffee and tea, holding cold drinks,pastries and fruit, storing soiled dishes so on.

31

STANDARDS AUDITORIUM The auditorium is the container for the audience focused on the stage upon which the performances occur. The three dimensional volume of the auditorium is characterized by the limitations set by all the members of the audience able to see and hear the performances and the performers to be able to command the audience. •The relationship between the stage and the back stage areas should be dealt according to the convenience of the performers.

TYPES OF LAYOUTS Minimum radius foe the curved rows due to seat construction is 20’ centre for radii of rows and centre of screen or stage need not coincide , although this is a ideal case.

Fan shaped It is ideally best and is Recommended for comfort,

Ease of vision and safety. Relationship between groups of spaces

32

STANDARDS DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIGHTING• Indirect light reflected from ceiling gives a pleasant soft light but insufficient to emphasize.

• Lamps can be arranged economically to give direct light to exhibits and also general light from ceiling reflection.

ACOUSTICAL DEFECTEchoes – Reflection of huge plane surfaces risk being heard as echoes. Particularly troublesome echoes can result from reflection of concave curved surfaces even if the focal point is not at the position of audience Acoustical focusing and troublesome non uniformity will result and such echo. surfaces should be avoided in auditorium.

Poor Ceiling Design Causin

Flutter – echoes-

•Spotlight on ceiling may create dramatic effect but madequate general lighting.

If a sound is made between Two parallel surfaces the regular reflections between the two surfaces are head as highly metallic ‘ring. Elimination of flutter echoes require a small amount of diffusing treatment on the offending surfaces, inclination of a little as 5 degree of one surface relative to the other or application of a little lateral reflection situation for the stalls in plan absorbent.

33

STANDARDS SPACE REQUIREMENT: • • • • •

• Relationship between the actor and the audience is the basis of the theatre. If the performance is to remain at the focus of the audience attention, some degree of encirclement of the stage area by the seating can be expected.

Area of auditorium6mt.per person Farthest seat from stage front2.0mt. Volume of auditorium3mt. cube per person Acting area 9x9 mt. or 9mt. diameter If the stage has to have wings, they should be at least same size as the acting area with two wings the full stage widths therefore be least 2.7mt. wide.

PERFORMANCE SPACES• Lighting and sound control rooms are located at the near of the stage manager’s office should lead directly to the stage, close to the prompt corner. • The scenery dock should be planned at stage level and accessible from the stage and loading door.

AUDITORIUM STAGE RELATIONSHIP• Relationship between group of spaces

AUDITORIUM SEATINGBack to back distance between rows of seats with back:760mm(min) back to back distance between rows of seats without back:610mm(min) width of seats with arms 510mm(min)width of seats without arms 460mm(min) unobstructed vertical space between rows (seaway 305mm min.) maximum width of gangway 1070

34

STANDARDS

Curved Uncomfortable for spectators and poor visibility.

The seating layout in an auditorium depends mainly on selection of format - the relationship between audience and performers and the visual & aural limitations associated with a particular type of production as well as the number of levels and Sightlines.

Sitting arrangement on a Balcony.

•For best visibility, staggered seating arrangement should be provided. •Max area per seat = 8 sq. ft- 10 sq. ft. •Max width of seats = 1’-10” •Width of seats with arms = 1’-8” •Width without arms = 1’-6” •Back to back distance between rows of seats without back = 2’-0” •Min. width of gangway 3’-6” Sitting arrangement on a Ramped Floor

35

STANDARDS NUMBER OF SEATS IN A ROW •With traditional seating the maximum number in a row is limited to 22 if there are gangways at both ends of the row and 11 if a gangway is on one side only.

ROW TO ROW SPACING • For traditional seating the minimum is 300 mm and this dimension increases with the number of seats in a row. •For continental seating the clearway is to be not less than 400 mm and not more than 500 mm.

GANGWAYS The minimum width is 1100 mm. Gangways can be ramped up to a ratio of 1:10 to 1:12

SEATING GEOMETRY Seating is usually laid out in straight or curved rows focused towards the performance. Stagger arrangement of seats is the best arrangement which is accomplished by the non uniform placement seats in succeeding rows.

STAGE LIGHTING • The provision for stage lighting should be such that any part of the stage can be lit from as many different angles as possible. • The main sources are the overhead within the stage and the auditorium, from side slots and less frequently from the footlights.

Spacing in rows

36

STANDARDS • Overhead lighting is particularly important and should be arranged to strike the actor’s face at about 45o above horizontal. • The location of lighting bars over the stage and the lighting bridges over the auditorium can be worked by arranging the cone of light to fall between 55o to 400 so that whole stage can be covered.

AISLE For the purpose of seeing radial aisles are the Best as there is no wastage of space and a Clear picture is seen.

SIGHT LINES •Good views of acting area are essential for all practical purposes the rake of the auditorium is therefore is worked out graphically. •The lowest point which the whole audience should be able to c clearly is first established. • The height allowed above every eye level to clear the head is normally 100mm. • Maximum of the gradient for aisles without steps is 1:10

STAGE DIMENSIONS Width: 18m Depth: 12m Height: Normal stage height varies from 0.7 to 1.2m, optimum being 0.9m. The stage must be below the eye level of seated audience in the first row. Width of Proscenium: Minimum width is 12m, 18m, usual and 24m max. Proscenium heights: The aspect ratio for proscenium heights varies from 1:2 to 2:3 of the width. If the proscenium width is kept 60 degrees then height varies between 30’-0” to 40’-0”.

37

STANDARDS ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTIC FOR AUDITORIUM • For economic reason, most contemporary assembly hall are designed to cater to multiple functions. • For instance, a hall may be used as a concert hall on one occasion or as a drama theatre or a lecture hall on other occasion. • In such a situation a great deal of compromise is called in the acoustical design criteria. • The design must determine the foremost function of the hall, design the hall for that use and allow adjustments to be made in the hall to serve other uses. •The best theatre have a noise level of about 30db. •When sound passes at a low angle of incident over and audience, it is strongly attenuated because of absorptive property of an audience. •Reinforcement of sound by reflection from the sealing makes it reasonable to provide less step wake up to 35 degree.

BALCONY PARAPET TREATMENT

38

STANDARDS MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES •The similarity among all the museums and art galleries is that no object on display were even designed to be there .they range in size from general collection ,artifacts ,natural mineral objects ,stuffed animals ,coins and fabrics etc. •In general the main concern of the museum and art galleries are collecting, documenting, persevering, researching and exhibiting. •The various activities that can be organized by a museum to supplement its permanent exhibitions are: 1. Temporary exhibitions: on subject to contemporary exhibition 2. Film and audio visual shows. 3. Mobile structure: instant popularity with general public. 4. Tableau with full size figures and animation. 5. Organizing popular lecture and demonstrations 6. Walk in panoramas 7. Three dimensional animations. •The average ratio of gallery to non gallery spaces are 48.52 with permanent display taking up to 40%of the total area. CIRCULATION Internal circulation External circulation

Internal circulation: internal circulation in a museum can be divided into three zones 1. Circulation of visitors: • • • •

For lectures, film shows. For permanent displays. For special exhibitions. For students & scholars attending museum

39

STANDARDS External circulation: It is essential to segregate the public movement from staff and goods entrance. Aim should be to achieve a clear and defined circulation by providing separate circulation paths for vehicular and pedestrian movements. FLEXIBILITY WITHIN CIRCULATION Circulation cannot be in isolation .it is a part and parcel of the activity area, but still be well defined so as to result probably in overlapping of function making spaces which become multifunctional. SEQUENTIAL CIRCULATION Adequate space should be provided for people to view the exhibits and also to pass between groups of people. More viewing space should be provided for popular exhibits.

Chain type layout

Twisting circuit

Fan shaped layout

40

STANDARDS Different ways of dividing exhibition spaces

VISION AND VIEWING •The two main aspect of viewing are the ease of viewing and lighting •The normal limit of vision without moving the head is a cone of 40 degrees. •A picture can therefore be conveniently viewed from a distance about double the diagonal. •It is generally accepted, though that distance equal to diagonal will enable the viewer to appreciate the detail of the picture, but he will have to move his head to compass it all.

41

STANDARDS LIGHTING •Lighting in a museum has a two fold function: •For the interpretation of objects and surroundings. •Fulfill the physiological and psychological needs. •The degree of visibility is determined by the amount, colour and the angle of illumination. The amount of light needed is directly proportional to the details to be seen and the colour of the object. •Lighting has to fulfill the three basic functions of visibility, decoration and mood creation. The visitors should be in comparative darkness as compared to the exhibits. It is because of this relative brightness rather than the actual level of illumination that a person can see at low light levels.

NATURAL LIGHTING •As much possible daylight should be allowed inside, particularly so for corridors, toilets; conference rooms (which must have blackout-facilities). •The changing nature of light is one of the most important assets of natural light.

METHODS OF NATURAL LIGHTING Overhead lighting provides the following advantage: • Even illumination on walls.

•Less obstructed by lateral obstructions as trees, buildings. •It is possible to regulate the amount of light coming in. •Good visibility with minimum of distortion. •Wall space remains free for exhibits. •Fewer openings required in the walls thus less security problems.

The disadvantages are: •Lots of maintenance is required. •More lights fall on the floor. •The monotony of the light causes a claustrophobic effect; it is continued over a large distance.

42

STANDARDS LIBRARY Library building may broadly be classified by their size and their relationship to the communities or organization they serve. However three broad classification of library are LIBRARY FOR EDUCATION These vary greatly in size according to the type of institution, e.g. university PUBLIC LIBRARY •These types of library vary considerably in size depending on the communities they serve. •As well as lending and reference functions, in recent years the development of new media and technology has brought great changes and affects the basic planning of library building. Public library can be divided into three parts: 1. Central Library (for large communities) 2. County libraries (also serve as administrative and distribution centre) 3. Branch or local libraries

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STANDARDS Libraries in research associations, learned institutions, Government departments, commercial and industrial firms.

Entrance lobby

Loans Cloaks

Control Stack

Information Catalogue Bibliography

QUET AREA S LOW NOIS E

Information Open shelving browsing

Periodicals

Reading

AudioVisual

44

STANDARDS

Recommended minimum allowance for one person reading area STUDY READING AREAS: •Study area is the most important part of a library. •The recommended size of each individual table is 900 X 600 mm. if tables are arranged in rows this will have to be increased to 900 X900 mm. •Each reader allowance in reading area should be 2.3 m² giving him the share of circulation within the room. •A long table can accommodate upto 12 readers: the width of such a table should be 1200mm. •It is recommended that long tables should have central division

MATERIAL IN THE LIBRARY Generally the books will be housed in two areas of the library • Open area- those are accessible to the public and certain users of the library. • Closed area- those which are not accessible by the public but only used by the staff.

45

STANDARDS

The books used in the open areas could be very briefly divided into the following: 1. Bibliographical 2. General reference 3. Special reference 4. Adult Lending 5. Children Lending 6. Local History 7. Music 8. Arts 9. Others Books which are kept in closed areas and are accessible by staff, are the surplus books or stored books and may be divided as follows: • • • •

General Stack Compact shelving stacks Special collection Extension services stacks

SPACE REQUIREMENTS Book shelves •Library could standardise on 230mm wide shelving, with special runs of shelving (limited number) 300mm wide for books over 230mm wide. • Wall shelving should never be higher than 2m (preferably 1.8 m). • No shelf in public areas should be lower than 300 mm from the floor and preferably 400 mm in island shelving. Open rack •In open stack book storage more room must be provided for readers for browsing and cross traffic. •Provision of cross aisles is important in this type of shelving

46

STANDARDS Reading areas •The recommended size of each individual table is 900 X 600 mm. if tables are arranged in rows this will have to be increased to 900 X900 mm. •Each reader allowance in reading area should be 2.3 m² giving him the share of circulation within the room. • A long table can accommodate upto 12 readers: the width of such a table should be 1200mm. •Seating should not be allowed at the end of the table. •It is recommended that long tables should have central division.

Closed rack •The shelving should provide the maximum storage of books with minimum use of space. This Means Island should be double sided stacks, with single sided along the perimeter walls. •The distance between stack will be dictated by access of book trolley •The bottom shelf in closed book shack can be as near to the floor as possible (75mm) with top shelf not higher than 1.9m, thus preferred total height of stack 2.3m (7 shelves total).

Recommended minimum clearance around tables

47

STANDARDS RESTAURANTS/CAFETERIA •Restaurants should be planned so that variety of seating arrangement can be achieved. •Ambience is an important part in restaurant design •Decoration, lighting should be a integral part of restaurant design •Large regular spaces should be broken up in small more intimate areas. •Changes of level not usually favored by caterers but acceptable providing, they may positive contribution to design. Do not involve more than 2 or 3 steps and main restaurant should be same level as kitchen

AREA REQUIREMENT: •Per Seat: 1480mm-2150mm •Ratio of service area to total area: 25-50% •Net kitchen area: 15-25% •Service aisles- not less than 900mm-1350mm

RESTAURANT AND KITCHEN •While designing a restaurant there are several critical dimensions that the designer must consider; •Aisle circulation must be adequate in width, •Clearances to consider inclusion of chair depth from edge of table and clearances between chairs •While laying out chair and table arrangements, a designer must anticipate the potential conflict between a patron leaving a seat and a tray-carrying waiter. •Cafeteria in a commercial area should be 16-18 sq.ft./per seat

DINNING AREA •Space of dinning area is usually based upon number of square seated times the •number of person seated per time. •As a rule of thumb to eat comfortably, one person requires a table area of around 60cm wide by 40cm deep. Space requirements •Space requirement may range from • 0.07 sqm to 1.2 sqm

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STANDARDS Type of operation Cafeteria, commercial Counter service

square meter per person 1.4 – 1.6 1 – 1.3

AREAS REQUIRED NET KITCHEN 15 TO 25% •Kitchen and wash to be preferred at the same level as the restaurant. • Kitchen area divided into servery area, area for cooking, frying, and grilling and preparation of soup and vegetables and wash up area.

SPACE ALLOWANCE EXCLUDING COOKING AREA Food is normally cooked within counter area but that for preparation, wash-up required 1.50 to 2.20 sqm per person including counter.

CAFÉ SERVICE 0.83 sqm per person, usually family type of business with separate kitchen for dinning designed on traditional lines

SELF SERVICE CAFÉ. 1.4 to 1.7 sqm per person. Long self-service counter providing good circulation spaces with spaces for clearing trolleys TABLE SIZES

49

STANDARDS

square table-diagonal layout

CIRCULATION THROUGH A RESTAURANT

50

square table-square layout

STANDARDS PUBLIC TOILETS •To ensure good working atmosphere it is essential to design sanitary facility, which are both functional and attractive. •Toilets should be approximately 100m from each workstation. • If ventilation is through windows on one side, only an area of 17000 cm2 is required. •In toilet facilities with twice stage opening Stage height = 2.5 times stage opening Depth of stage (from fire curtain )>_ ¾ times stage width House curtains: immediately behind the proscenium wall to close off the main stage. On stage curtains : to screen off the main scenery area. Others are edge masking curtains and drapes and background curtains. Cyclorama: large plain sheets used to form natural background to the stage , it is a starched cloth can also be used as cine or slide back projection. Edge masking is to hide off stage areas , it consists overlapping parallel lines of set of curtains. The backstage must also be directly accessible to workshop , store, loading dock, green rooms, office of manager, specialist staff room.

Technical facilities in auditoriumProjection and control room Lighting control room Sound control and recording room Simultaneous interpretation booth

STANDARDS PROJECTION ROOM The projection room or booth should be located in the rear of the auditorium and set back as far as possible to give maximum focal length To minimize picture distortion centre line of the screen or plan should be symmetrical with the axis of projector – if there are two projectors it should be equidistant from each.

SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION BOOTHS Booths must be elevated and built at the back or side of the hall to allow an unobstructed view of the persons speaking , the chairman blackboard and projection screen. They should be grouped to enable interpreters to communicate visually through side windows (at least 0.45 m wide) and have easy, quick and safe access between booths. FIRE FIGHTING Typical detection equipments like smoke or heat detectors, alarm, etc and the fire fighting equipments like extinguishers, hydrants, wet riser, etc. should be provided. Sprinklers They are provided on stage, screen docks, trap room and various other areas. They are usually protected by beams from accidental impact. Fire exit staircase Maximum riser: 150mm Minimum tread: 280mm Minimum two staircase per floor

Exit standards: Mean for escape in fire An exit time of 2.5 to 3 minutes for evacuation of the audience from the auditorium is normally planned. Fire Exits No. of people at each level Min. Exits Min.width 1200 300

2

1300 400

2

1500 500

2

1500 750

3

1500 1000

4

A.C Plant Rooms Extra floor loading for machinery in a plant room can be 750-1500 kg/sqm Space requirement: Air supply (cu.mt.) width(m) height(m) length(m)