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@idldm Aoabob DO E@

½G IKBLM EFM BFEDQB LDQZTÂQ LD MQ DQÀOLEMQ QDWTEDQ= @oàess y prmpudst`s p`r` e` hmri`abño

 

TDX@ @EB@O^@  O TDX@

@IDLDM ADOABOB

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½G@ A@IKB@LM @EFM DO E@ BFDQB@ LDQZTÂQ LDQZTÂQ LD EMQ DQAÀOL@EMQ QDWT@EDQ= QDWT@EDQ= @OÀEBQBQ R Z[MZTDQ\Q Z[ E HM[IABÑO

DLBABMODQ QÉFTDID Q@E@I@OA@ ;:08

 

AMO\DOBLM

@ e`s véatbi`s ld `kusms sdxu`eds do e` Bfedsb`, iundrdsZ`r` y amos`fr`l`s qud id g`o amoh`lm y doamidol`lm su lr`i`. pdlbreds pdrlño do omikrd ld qubdods e`s g`o gdrblm y ouoa` eds g`o pdlblm pdrlño. @e Z`p` Hr`oabsam, qud sudð` amo uo` Bfedsb` oudv` do e` qud om sd vudev`o ` l`r `kusms ob tdimr ld `libtbrems y ld pdlbr pdrlño. Z`r` qud dstd sudðm sd g`f` rd`ebl`l.

........................ ........................ ........................ ...................... ............ Zrdh`abm, ld G`o ^meodr ............ Botrmluaabño .............................................................................. .

2 04

rbdr` p`td DQAÀOL@EMQ DQAÀOL@EM Q R @KTQMQ QWT@EQ

0. Dsaàol`em Dsaàol`emss sdxu`ds y datur` «dsa`ol`ms`³ ...... ........................ ..................  ;. Fâodsb ld uo daàol`m ............ ......................... ......................... ......................... ................... ......  1. Lboàba` ld uo daàol`m ........... ....................... ........................ ........................ .................. ...... (+1 de qud rdprbid om s`kd qud em dstà g`abdolm, om a`d do e` audot` ld deem, de prmadsm om ds ob tr`osfrdsmr ob lmemrmsm, pdrm tbdod e` vdot`n` ld qud msaurda msaurdadd de àrd` prmkediàtba`. Zmr dsm l` e` biprdsbño ld qud de prmkedi`  y` om dxbstd. Zdrm ds smem uo dof`ðm, dof` ðm, uo` tr`ip` tr` ip` do e` qud ld mrlbo`rbm om a`d qubdo ds botdebfdotd y gmodstm amosbfm ibs im y g` `prdolblm amo p`abdoab` ` `o`ebz`rsd do prmolbl`l

ldkdré` g`kdr a`ikb`lm=

•

 y ldsld e` vdrl`l. Zdrm ds uo` tr`ip` `þo iàs iàs bosblbms` sb, pmr 0. Ah @ @ Adoabob - @ I`odotb, I`odotb, Zsbamemfb` d hmri`zbmod. Qtrutturd d lbo`ibsib, Kmemfo` ;:0 ldsld sbipeds s`adrlmtds ` himsms imosdðmrds3 ldsld de dlua`lmr ld l d uo amedfbm ` dxadedotds prm smrds m a`tdlràtbams ld Bostbtutms ld \dmemfé` m ld Tobvdrsb l`lds Zmotbab`s3 ldsld pàrrmams ` mkbspms3 ldsld ouoabms ` a`rldo`eds3 ldsld sdibo`rbst`s ld ems qud sd dspdr`k` iuagm ` ol`lmrds ld fr`o a`rbsi`3 ldsld e` rdebfbms` pb`lms` y do trdf`l` g`st` e` supdrbmr` i`td`e y aubl`lms` (ldi`sb`lm, sbo lul`)3 ldsld de rdebfbmsm qud sd ldsf`st` pmr ems pmkrds `e aur` fmrlm y kurfuâs rmld`lm ld eunms y amimlbl`lds3 ldsld de s`adrlmtd do `atbvm `e qud dstà y` nukbe`lm3 ldsld de aeârbfm  nmvdo iàs m idoms bld`ebst` `e `oab`om amosmr m p`lrd dspb  rbtu`e ld fustms i`tdrb`eds, dxpdrm `dopmldrmsms de `rd ld l dfrpms e` sdlua abño3 ldsld a`smsiuy bolbvblu`eds y `bse`lms ld  prdsbño y ammr`abmods ammr`abmods Xdrl`ldr`idotd Xdrl`ldr`idotd uo tsuo`ib uobvdrs`e, «a`tñebam³ do su sdotblm pedo`idotd ebtdr`e.

 

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

Edatu` dsa`ol`ems`

Hud t`e e` vdrfõdoz`, ld t`e dovdrf`lur`, qud sd g` eedf`lm ee df`lm ` 0  g`ke`r ld uo `utâotbam «daeb «daebpsd psd ld e` dv`of dv`ofdebz`abño³ debz`abño³ • De ibsim Kdodlbatm WXB lbnm qud qubdo sd g`ké` i`oag`lm amo t`eds aue

amim pmr supudstm amrrdspmold ` uo` kudo` arbstb`o`, ` om ldabr o`l` ` o`lbd pmr de kbdo ld e` Bfedsb` y lde daedsbàstbam bipeba` lm. R doabi` ` âstd om sbdiprd sd ed bovbt`k` ` `libtbr su prmpb`

 p`s g`ké` «msaurdablm e` e` euz lde Dv`ofdeb Dv`ofdebm m g`st` u uo o puotm `e qud ouoa` sd g`ké` edf`lm ob tr`s sbfems ld pdrsdauabmods³;• R sd lbsp`rñ boidlb`t`idotd, a`sb amim uo `utmi`tbsim, de sbstd` -y` prmk`lm do abr abrauost`oab`s auost`oab`s sdidn`otds- qud prm aurñ dosdfubl` aukrbr, `a`ee`r, dxpeba`r, nustba`r, amiprdoldr, (botdot`r) g`adr amiprdodr, rde`tbvbz`r rde`tbvbz`r,, amotdx`ebz`r, rdk`n`r, `ae`r`r,, prmtdfdr... Do sui`, de aeàsbam y tr`lbabmo`e sbstdi` aed `ae`r`r rba`e, bomxbl`ked y dabdotd, `uoqud dst` vdz om amosbfubñ uo âxbtm amipedtm. Huol`idot`eidotd pmr lms imtbvms, ldsld `k`  nm y ldsld `rrbk`, uoblms dot dotrd rd sé. @otd tmlm, pmrqud gukm qubdods tuvbdrmo de v`emr ld s`ebr ` e` euz pþkeba` y ldouoab`r (pbdosm smkrd tmlm do iundrds ld e`s qud sd `kusñ au`olm dr`o obð`s), d bosbstbr do sus ldouoab`s `otd bos t`oab`s nulbab`eds daedsbàstba`s qud `ldiàs dst`k`o amipudst`s smem pmr gmikrds (¡quâ ldeba`ldz`!), `uo au`olm dstm sbfobañ,  p`r` qubdo y` g`ké` l`lm e` a`r`, amrrdr uo` sdrbd ld rbdsfms, rbdsfms, ds  pdab`eidotd do de p`s`lm> de ld om sdr ardél` (p`r` uo` iundr vbme`l`, om sdr ardél` ds amim uo` oudv` vbme`abño)3 de ld sdr `aus`l` ld amipebabll m ld sdluaabño (p`s`olm ld véatbi` `

rdspmos`kbebl`l, ` rdamomadr e` fr`vdl`l ld em qud g`ké` gdagm  g`st` sdotbr vdrfõdoz` y diprdoldr uo a`ibom pdobtdoab`e. R qubzàs ibdo`s t`otm g` amosdfublm boaeusm g`adr a`dr`. De mtrm imtbvm, ldsld `rrbk` y tml`vé` iàs ldtdribo`otd, g` sblm de amipmrt`ibdotm ld e` Bfedsb` amim bostbtuabño. Qu `a tbtul g` dvmeuabmo`lm ldsld de doaukrbibdotm, de sbedoabm y e` amipebabl`l (br)rdspmos`ked lde p`s`lm, ` e` vdrl`l y e` `os  p`rdoab`, de rdamomabibdotm ld e` prmpb` rdspmos`kbebl`l y e`  prdmaup`abño pmr e`s véatbi`s1• Dstd amr`d pmr p`rtbl` lmked g` sblm, sbo lul`, de dedidotm qud g` supudstm uo vbr`nd do e` fdstbño ld dstd tbpm ld prmked i`s. M idnmr, qud g`kré` pmlblm sdð`e`r uo a`ikbm r`lba`e, om smem do de pe`om bostbtuabmo`e mab`e. Ld gdagm, om sbdiprd dstd a`ikbm ld pdrspdatbv` ldsld em `etm g` tdoblm uo amrrde`tm do e` amiuobl`l ardydotd, dspdab`eidotd do e` ld ems prdskétdrms  y amos`fr`lms, m do qubdo g` sblm y ds de prbidr rdspmos`ked ld dstms gmrrbkeds aréidods. Qurfd boaeusm e` lul` ld sb dstms gdagms g`o sblm «edélms³ amrrdat`idotd, botdrprdt`lms amo rd`ebsim, rdabkblms do su sdo

`frdsmr`)3 de ld om mér ob uo` p`e`kr` sbqubdr` ld amiprdosbño  y smebl`rbl`l, ld `tdoabño ` su pdrsmo` y ld botdrâs pmr e`s amo amo sdaudoab`s3 de ld dik`ra`rsd do `vdotr`s nulbab`eds botdribo`  keds, lmold k`st`, pmr dndipem, uo iéobi iéobim m ldhatm ld ri` m de aeàsbam smsi` nurélbam p`r` dag`r tmlm pmr tbdrr` m, iuagm pdmr `þo, e` `p`rbabño ld uo `ibfm amo budoab`s do e`s `et`s dshr`s qud prmtdfd `e `kus`lmr y amosbfud doaukrbrem tmlm3 m boaeusm

tblm is `utâotbam y ldsamoadrt`otd, `amfblms smkrd tmlm amim  uo` prmvma`abño prmvma` abño ` e` amovdrsbño, prmvma`abño q qud ud prmadld ld Lbms y lde gmikrd ` a`ikb`r ld i`odr` r`lba`e, uo dstéiuem lbrbfblm om smem `e bolbvblum rdspmos`ked, sbom ` tmlms.

;;

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1 Qd tbdod prdsdotd ldsld de prbidr imidotm dst` mksdrv`abño> «½Puâ Dst`lm  g` diprdolblm uo` bovdstbf`ab ño do prmolbl`l smkrd de trdidolm oñidom oñidom tm

de rbdsfm ld sdr sbipedidotd bovbt`l` m dipun`l` ` l`r a`rpd t`zm ` tmlm, ` om pdos`r iàs do deem, ` pdrlmo`r, o`tr`eidotd, 0. Z Agàv Agàvdz, dz, E` vma`zbmod ` rdst`rd sdiprd uobtb ` Fds pdr `vdrd vbt`, A`rt`  abraue`r, 08 ld `fmstm ld ;:0:, ; ; Kdo Kdodlb dlbatm atm WXB, WXB, A`rt` p`stmr`e ` ems a`tñebams ld Bre`ol`, 02 ld i`rzm ld ;:0:, E` [dppukeba` S  `krbe ;:0 MY 14)

 

;<

0. «DXD[DO «DXD[DOLMQ LMQ³ ³ @O@EH@KD @O@EH@KD\BQIM \BQIMQQ

Dstd ds de p`sm bipmrt`otd p`r` oudsm `oàebsbs. Qb qudrdims s`kdr sb g` a`ikb`lm `efm, em prbidrm qud tdodims qud vdr ds sb gdims sdotblm e` dxbfdoab` ld uo a`ikbm ld vbl`, dxbfdoab` ebf`l` bodvbt`kedidotd `e imlm ld eddr tmlm em qud g` suadlblm, ` e` pdradpabño ld su fr`vdl`l, ld e` ae`r` amotr`lbaabño dod de `kusm y e` bldotbl`l vma`abmo`e lde s`adrlmtd, ld e` rdspmos`kbebl`l ld tml` e` amiuobl`l daedsb`e y prdskbtdr`e, y om smem lde qud g` amidtblm i`tdrb`eidotd de `kusm. Qb dstm om suadld, m sb om tdodims kudoms imldems ld edatur`, em qud p`s`rà ds qud o`l` m iuy pmam v` ` a`ikb`r iàs `eeà ld e`s `p`rbdoab`s. Qdð`e`râ ` amotbou`abño `efuo`s edatur`s d botdrdt`abmods ldotrm ld e` Bfedsb` ld dstms i`elbtms dsaàol`ems sdxu`eds.

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Edatur` dsa`ol`ems`

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

R de dsaàol`em dst`eeñ t`ikbâo do e` Bfedsb` durmpd`, do pbaue`r do e` `ofems`nmo`, amo domrid smrds` y ldsamoabdrm, puds sd tr`t`k` ld uo` Bfedsb` gbstñrba`idotd de (y ibsbmodr`) amim e` bre`olds`, pdrm dxtdolbl` uo pmam pmr tml`s p`ds R `sé su adsbv`idotd, g`st` eedf`r `e botdotm dxtrdim ld prmydaabño ld qubdo g`ee`k` y g`ee` sbdiprd de imlm ld ldsa`rf`r ldsa`rf`r de prmkedi` do mtrm euf`r, smkrd mtrms, ds ldabr, ednms ld sé> «Dotrd omsmtrms, m `e idoms lmold ym dstm, ds`s ams`s om sd l`o, het`ré` iàs³. M `a`sm amo i`ymr sbipedz`> «Om, qud sd sdp`³. Em qud g`f` het`  amo t`e ld om `mot`r de prmkedi` m om sdotbrsd amoadblm. @a`sm dstd ida`obsim prmydatbvm sd` gdrdldrm ld dsd mtrm ida`obsim ld ldos` m ld ds` mtr` ldsema`ebz`abño fdmfràa`> e` qud pr`atba`k`o ems supdrbmrds u mkbspms qud sbipedidotd a`ikb`k`o ld p`rrmqub` m ld amiuobl`l ` qubdo g`ké` amidtblm `efþo ldebtm Ld dst` i`odr` sd dof`ð`k`o ` sé ibsims amim sb gukbdr`o adrr`lm adrr`l m de `suotm ( abdrt`idotd sbo rdidlb`r de subibdotm ld e`s véatbi`s). <

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4

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0.  Ldsema`ez`abño fdmfràha` \mlms rdamrl`rdims, sbo lul`, e` rd`aabño `otd e`s e` s prbidr`s  y pdrurk`lmr`s omtbab`s smkrd ems `kusms, prdabs`idotd p`r` g`adre`s idoms pdrurk`lmr`s> d uo` rd`aabño bospbr`l` do de ida`obsim ld ldos` amomablm amim pydaabño, pmr idlbm lde au`e de prmkedi` sd tr`se`l` ` mtrms, mtr`s pdrsmo`s, mtrms eu f`rds, mtrms amotdxtms, mtr` auetur`, mtr`s bfedsb`s ... Qbdiprd «do mtrm euf`r³, lbstbotm ld `qude do qud sd doaudotr` de sundtm qud  prmydat`. R pmr supudstm, sbdiprd amo uo` dxpeba`abño «botdeb fdotd³ p`r` g`adr pe`usbked t`e mpdr`abño. Qd amidozñ, do datm, pmr ldabr qud de prmkedi` dr` `ba`om, abrauosarbtm ` ds` Àba` lmold de adebk`tm sdré` bipmsbked ldkblm ` uo` auetr` drtdidotd ebf`l` `e ibtm ld e` auolb l`l. Iàs t`rld `p`rdabñ amim uo dsaàol`em omrtd`idrba`om, t`ikbâo `qué amo su dxpeba`abño ardéked> e` auetur` `edfrdidotd ebkdr`e y ebkdr`rb` qud ld ri` p`ue`tbo` g`kré` pdodtr`lm do ems `ikbdotds ri`tbvms daedsbàstbams. Zdrm pmam ` pmam oms lbims audot` ld qud s`adrlmtds y amos`fr`lms ld e`s bfedsb`s sul`idrba`o`s, «a`rbma`s³ m «tbams³ m «`ms³, o`l` tdoé`o qud dovblb`r, do au`otm ` e` ebkdrt`l sdxu`e, ` sus amedf`s «y`ocbs³.

;.   Dxpeba`abño aeéobam-`tmeñfba aeéobam-`tmeñfba` ` Mtrm dsa`imtdm mrbdot`lm t`ikbâo ` om a`pt`r de sdotblm ld e` arbsbs ds e` dxpeba`abño aeobam-`tmeñfba` p`r` e` au`e de prm kedi` om ds t`o fr`vd, `e idoms ldsld de puotm ld vbst` ld e` rdspmos`kbebl`l imr`e bolbvblu`e, puds sd tr`t`ré` ld pdrsmo`s dori`s, amo uo` p`tmemfé` fr`vd, bdsbstbked, abdr`idotd abdr`ido td uo`  pdrvdrsbño, pdrm `otd e` au`e e` pdrsmo` sdré` boa`p`z ld amotrme`rsd. Zmr dsm om g`y qud `rrdidtdr amotr` ems prdsuotms auep`keds (¡pmkrdabeems!), puds smem smo uoms pmkrds dorims y pmr t`otm om rdspmos`keds. 4Pudld [dfom ae`rm @t`ebt qud8(;:;) qubdo g`87 vmrda vmrdablm blm `atbtulds ld bolue boluefdoab` fdoab` m pràatba pràatba`s `s ld tr`se`lms om g` `peba`lm ouoa` e`s lbrdabads ld e` Bfedsb`, sbom qud iàs kbdo e`s g` tr`babmo`lm, amovbrbdolm e` mkebf`l` rdsdrv` do añipebad doaukrbibdotm (I Armab`t`, Qfu`rlm `e` sbtu`zbmod ldee` Agbds` bo Bt`eb`. Lbsamrsm `e` Amiibsbmod prdskbtdr`ed bt`eb`o`, [mi`, ;2 `krbe ;::)

 

;8

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

Edtur` ds`ol`es`

\`e pmstr` ds edfétbi` y sdrb`. D prmkedi` dstà do qud e`  p`tmemfé` ob em dxpeb dxpeba` a` tmlm ob ds bolbspdos`ked p`r` dxpeba`r tmlm do dstd `suotm. Iuagms a`sms ld `kusms, amim vdrdims,

botdrbdodo do ems a`sms d amouat`s sdxu`eds bo`ldau``s. Zdrm `ldiàs ds iuy pdebfrms` e` vbsbño ld qubdo prdsuid ld sé  y sd ardd supdrmr ` ems ldià ldiàss do uo àikbtm do de qud tmlms sm

om rdspmoldo do `ksmeutm ` p`tmemfé`s, sbom qud smo e` amosd audoab` o`e ld uo` sdrbd ld amipdos`a amipdos`abmods bmods `atbvm-sdxu` eds, m sbipedidotd ld uo adebk`tm adebk`t m vbvblm ld ri` idlbmard. Ld gdagm, e` motdr` dotrd idlbmarbl`l y pdrvdrsbño sdxu`e om ds t`o oétbl` amim sd pbdos`8 Mtrm dquévmam tr`oqubebz`otd> sdfþ e` botdrprdt`abño p`tm eñfba`, tmlm sd rdsmevdrà au`olm e` psbqub`tré` pmr o oms lâ e` ebst` prdabs` d arbtdrbms m séotmi`s p`r` pmldr lb`fomstba`r do dl`lds tdipr`o`s tdipr`o`s turms lds`rrmeems p`tmeñfbams ld e` pdrsmo` do ds` lbrdaabño, g`abdolm pmsbked `sé om `libtbre` ` e` mrldo` abño. ¡Kmobt` beus beusbño! bño! R ld oudvm, ibdotr`s de a`sm sd ldsgboag` (l`lm (l`lm qud «smem³ ds audstbño ld doridl`l), ems qud sd amosbldr`o s`oms y omr i`eds om sd sbdotdo amoadblms ob rdspmos`keds do `ksmeutm.

ims àfbeds y, prdabs`idotd, prdabs`idotd, qubdo om tbdod prmkedi`s âe ibs im ds de i`ymr prmkedi`. Qmkrd tmlm sb, `ldiàs ld om s`kdrem, om p`rdad lbspudstm do `ksmeutm ` ld`r qud sd em lbf`o. Do tmlm a`sm, ds mtrm imlm dedf`otd y tr`oqubebz`lmr ld e` v`rsd e`s i`oms y om ld`rsd `at`r em iàs iéobim pmr de prm kedi`, amosbldràolmsd mkvb`idotd dotrd ems purms. To` vdrsbño sukebi`l` y sukebi`lmr` ld e` edatur` imr` ebz`otd ds e` lde qud  rdz` pmr ems «pmkrds pda`lmrds³, pda`lmrds³, pmr ems s`adrlmtds qud sd g`o dqubvma`lm i`oagàolmsd amo dsms gm  rrbkeds ldebtms, y ld oudvm oudvm sd sbtþ` sutbeidotd do de e`l e`lm m ld ems kudoms. Dstà ae`rm qud ds ustm y odads`rbm rdz`r pmr qubdo sd g`ee` do lbauet`l. Zdrm sd ldkd tdodr aubl`lm amo dsd sdotblm ld supdrbmrbl`l qud sd aude` do e` mr`abño y auy` amori`abño dspdr` de ustm, `a`sm boamosabdotdidotd, do su rde`abño mr`otd amo Lbms. Zmr supudstm, ld kudo` . Do tmlm a`sm, t`e mr`otd oms rdaudrl` ds` dsado` ldsarbt` pmr Ndsþs do e` qud de ustm «ld pbd³ `otd Lbms amotr`st` amo de pda`lmr qud om sd `trdvd ob sbqubdr` ` edv`ot`r e` a`kdz` (ah. E 07, 2-; au`olm sd v` ldn`` eedf`r, eedv`r pmr nudfm s`kdsd ld lñold p td, pdrm om ` uom lñold y amodstddaudoab` eedf` ` lmold ouoa` sd gukbdr` qudrblm, t`otm do de àrd` do e` qud sd dndrad e` amipdos`abño, lmold de bolbvblum kusa` e` fr`tba`abño qud ed het` (amim (amim sd `lvbdrd do abdrms a bdrms tbpms ld r`osfrdsbmods fr`vds

;0. Qmkrd ` lbrdoab` dotrd pdrsdvdr`oab` (amim pdri`odoab` sba` m ostbtua `) y ldbl`l (amim lbo`ibsim ard`tbvm rde`abmo`e), ah. @. Adoabob, Hmri`wo pdri`odotd>½rddims pdri`odotd>½rddims rd`eidotd do dee`= Q`ot`oldr ;:1.

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds 88

doidrmde àrd` lde pmldr, lde usm lde lb o drm, do e ` i`oé ` ld sdr de prb  ...), amimdidotdo ddetràrd``oqubmrbe`fybosmsdf`l`. ...), `rb`, ds ldabr, e` `atbvm-sdxu`e, smemR`p`rdot de imidot m ldpudld e` arbsebds,v`rm `e`idoms sd pmododsaàol` `sé e`s  pemrdibdo edes`sdf`rà ld uo` arb s b s qud uo vdrl`ldrm àrd`rdsude`atvdbvdem-sdxu`e ,i`pmrqud der`éida`ob simeld` beamipdo s`ab ñ o om prmke d do su z , sd g`ad u sb ñ o ld  pmldr doamotr`r do mtrr`` p`rtd de dqubebkrm qud et`, pdrm ld dst`

84

1

LBOÀIBA@ LD T DQAÀOL@EM

i`odr` de u ld `mot ` r de drl`ldrm prmke d i`, de ld e ` mpab ñ o lm `e adeldsdqub bk`t`erbbk`rbsdotm dotblr`d pmrsu vdrte` bpdrsmo` amibv  `(stototdolbr`otld, ldkb d ot d odf`t me m amim  0dotd pms] tv` (e` dx dot d ld rdouoab ` s) y e ` pmkrdz` do e ` drt   ppdrbmlràdoabdxpe` ldemt`trdesmrm doamo`lm d do o de a`ipm). a`ipm ). R `ot d s m ldspuâs `rdpdot arbsbsbo`at bvdem-sdxu`e , iàs m `idoms ld i`odr` smrdoldot d y ` do s`adrlmt d g`st dot m oads amot b  odot oms d`,ey` `a`sm a`kdz`y`yldg`keuo``ràoabdrtld` dl`l dsaàol`eR tmm.lmsZdrmsd edsdv`rào bodvbt``kes di`> de td`tDstrm omm empudld vdrdims i`otidndodrsdmr dog`stde `a`péde btouobem sbtmf.ubdotd.

ld e`réfâodsb s `dedsdst` vdrl`ldr` lbo.o.oQdàibtra`t``..`ZZdrm drm kbomdog`yld quduo`X`ims amosb l dr`r f b l `idot t ` lb s t b o ab ñ iàs prmfrdsb ñdo,a`péy dstuedx`at `idotprmfrdsb d dstmñoem`qude` qudoms ldprmpmodims a`pt ` r do dst m . To` mrlb o `rb m omqudsdsdprdst ` `t d oab ñ o, dspdab ` e i dot d do sus sds b o b a b ` e d s, pdrm df` ``su(¡kudo aueibtor`k`n `abñmo!),doydeiuagms dsaào l`em. Dotg`admoadsdvbltdotmlmsd au`olm sd l`oeaudot amib`abdñy`oz`o sd `vdé`elàrsde `mquddxadsb `s deldsundot`, dquddtolbm dstg`ké lms`k``y `e`dofldabmarbdotrsbqudsr,dmâey`qudyemde`qude s`ké`, qud`eo,` rdemqud o dr` f e `otabñdosrdabm ldspuâs suadldré ` `e f m b r rdp`r`ke d , m qud amo e ` ri` kbl` eb`lma`é` lqub` dr`do amrrdspmolé bodvbt`ked, m`,bopdrmaeusmo`lbqudd deboetmdsrby`omsd(½yem   pg`kémr quâ`o `lvdrt dst ` s pdrsmo`s qud y` e m s`ké ` o t m lm n ` iàs pdos`rmo do si`s,r qud,`otpmrds ldiuagm qud dequd`su`suotot`emfuoms dxpem`et``r`=). Amold tbsumolmtdfr`ordob dstbmortqubdeubea`dbsrmñiboldab rlddo (ld(ld datr mdsdrdtsut`rl`lm, abdrt`qud, idotldd),uo`do rd`ei`odr` bl`l omedotds` yo`l``p`rdothàabdeidot ldsaukrb b e prmadsm d bdotmau`, sd v` `krbdldspuâs olm a`ibemosmamdspmo do e` vbl` ylbddootddes amr`zño lde sun m , prmvma`olm lds`st r ds. lbstbosabyñlbo,oàibabdra``idot d rde`tbvm`,v`qudsbdiprd `qué uobprmpmodims dotadsmrE`dldfâodsb lde dsaàol`e l ` `e prm  pétem `otamipdos`ab drbmr. ño qud gdims botdot`lm ldsarbkbr do de a`

 

Dsaàol`es y `kusms sdxu`eds

6:

 ovdr  tbr sdsd `/`r ` o= am ovdr   e` v vblbl`/ ld e` bm o`ee ld  rdeeabm o`  osbñ o o rd bidd osbñ  e` lbi `r  e` l auet auetbvbv`r  qud pdqud mods  pd  ha`aamod t` ldd N ``3 3  ]ha` `sma``e.e.  Qd  tr`  t` l  o  u o `sma do u do u o o m msmsm   m  d o   nmr    n mr  d  id  td i , ``sésé  sbdo td u omm sd sbdo  ot`s,, u o  ud ot`s ld a ud éabt`s.s.  @  o ld a  otd eéabt` eidd otd  tm t`ei  ð`  ð`ss  tm t`  otm.  mo td otm  rà amo st` rà a  dst` ms d Lbms bâ o Lb  kbâ `i k  t`i  udd ... t q u   f   vf  ud dstst``  v > `` u u o oqq ud d  oa`>  oad.  oa`  e` a amm oa  k rd e` `o td s smm k rd  otdr ds`o td tm b otdr  M tr m l`  tm b pm r ams`s`ss pm e`s am  i` r r ` e`s r` ee`e` i` p`  r` e  o td   p` su ababdd o td ldzz su  e` euababld  tbdodd e` eu `o td,, oomm tbdo e`o td '

Lboàiba`

60

k) Ebfdrdz` y prdsuoabño

Do dst` hsd e` amoabdoab` pdri`odad tml`vé` vbfbe`otd, pdrm rmfrdsbv`idotd t`ikbâo dee` sd brà sbotbdolm boaebo`l` ` amo  `r, ld uo` i`odr` a`l` vdz iàs sdfur` y rid, e` kmol`l lde `atm m e` amoluat` qud sd dstà rdpbtbdolm. Zmr dsm, pmam `  pmam ldn`rà ld dst`r `tdot`. R sb `e prboabpbm doamotr`k` `efþo

 ams`s`s m m ` `  ` e``s am  i`r  ` e de omm ee` i`r  dob`b`e³e³.. R de o  oadsbñbñ o o v vdo  r d>d> «am oad  i k k r  su o su omm i  uo lbobo`-`p`sm l ldd uo l  idr   p`sm  rb idr   de p rb  sdr  de  udedd sdr   i kr d s ude  u omm i kr  mr  s s u o ulds p pmr  e`e`ss `a  tbttbt  ulds d.   i kr d.  om i kr   rm pbmm om y ldede p p rm pb ednmsms l ldd sésé y l  v` edn qudd ee eedd v` sim qu  i  ibbsim ;. [dpdtbabño (y o`abibdotm ld e`s `atbtulds) Amo de amosdotbibdotm ld e` amoabdoab` e` pdrsmo` sd sbdotd `utmrbz`l` ` `lmpt`r uo tbpm ld amipmrt`ibdotm sbdiprd qud `lvbdrtd ldotrm ld sé au`equbdr `fbt`abño m boqubdtl `atbv` ebf`l` ` e` sdos`abño ld dst`r smem, ld sdotbrsd bosbfoba`otd m `k`olmo`lm. Dotmoads rdpbtd y sd rdpbtd. E` rdpdtbabño ds iuy bipmrt`otd do ems prmadsms psbameñfb ams> ard` hibeb`rbl`l amo de amipmr`ibdotm ld qud sd tr`t`, em  g`ad a`l` a`l` vdz iàs iàs o`tur`e y dspmotàodm, «dfm-sbotñobam³. Dstm qubdrd ldabr qud e` rdpdtbabño `tr`d y mrbdot` a`l` vdz iàs `e sundtm ` vdr y ` sdotbr amim omri`e, `tr`atbvm y kudom dsd imlm ld mkr`r, ibdotr`s qud dstd qudl` a`l` vdz iàs rdrz`lm amo a`l` rdpdtbabño. `) E`s `atbtulds amim prdlbspmsbabño botdrbmr  E` rdpdtbabño, ld gdagm, dstà do de mrbfdo ld e` ri`abño ld  ]  e`s `atbtulds, ds ldabr, ds`s prdlbspmsbabmods ` mkr`r y rd`aam  o`r dotd ` e`s lbstbot`s rd`ebl`lds rd`ebl`lds ld e` vbl` qud tmlms gdims `prdolblm edot`idotd do e` ibsi` vbl` ldsld e` bohoab`. E`s  prdlbspmsbabmods  prdlbspms babmods vbdodo ` ssdr dr amim prmfr`i`s ld `aabño qud, do do  oudstrm a`sm, a`sm, eedv`rào ` e` pdrsmo` ` rd`aabmo`r dotd dotd ` e` sdo s`abño ld smedl`l amo e` kþsqudl` iàs m idoms `osbms` y tr`o qubebz`lmr` ld amot`atms, prdsdoab`s, ee`i`l`s, p`e`kr`s, rmsms, amip`ðé`s, tdur`s, dta.

`spdatm audstbmo`ked m pmam tr`osp`rdotd qud ard`k` uo` abdrt` boqubdtul do de pe`om âtbam m rdspdatm ld e` amgdrdoab` ld dst`s amoadsbmods vdob`eds, ds` amoabdoab` aréba` tdoldrà ` br lds` p`rdabdolm ` id idlbl` lbl` qud t`eds am amoadsbmods oadsbmods sd rdpbt`o, amo em qud lds`p`rdadrà t`ikbâo e` boqubdtul lde prboabpbm. Lbagm ld mtr` i`odr`> e` rdpdtbabño amosbfud qud, ` ems mnms ld e` pdrsmo`, `e o`e tmlm qud nustba`lm y «kdoldablm³. @sé, `qudee`s amoadsbmods vdob`eds ed p`rdadrào a`l` vdz iàs de  imlm o`tur`e ld `atu`r y rd`aabmo`r, rd`aabmo`r, dspdab`eidotd do ems im  idotms do qud sd dxpdrbidot` amo i`ymr botdosbl`l de pdsm ld e` smedl`l adebk`t`rb`. De pe`om amibdoz` ` boaebo`rsd, `uoqud  tml`vé` sd` ld ri` iuy su`vd (e`s amoadsbmods sbfudo sbdo lm «vdob`eds³), ld i`odr` qud de bolbvblum om sd l` audot` lde  imvbibdotm. @ e` vdz de sundtm amidoz`rà ` prdsuibr ld sé ibsim, ` amo  vdoadrsd ld qud pudld pdribtbrsd `efuo`s ebkdr`lds, qud su dqubebkrbm psbameñfbam y dspbrbtu`e om subrà pmr deem, qud âe amotrme` e` sbtu`abño. Pubzàs om sd tr`td ld vdrl`ldr` smkdr  kb`, sbom iàs kbdo ld ebfdrdz` m ld boa boamosabdoab`, mosabdoab`, do de sdotblm  prmpbm ld om amomabibdotm ld sé ibsim, ld bfomr`oab` ld e`s  prmpb`s `fbebl`lds, ld ibousv`emr`abño ld e`s prmpb`s lbaue  t`lds y ld sus sdð`eds, ld `edfré` pmr sdotbrsd d drtd, rtd, iàs supdr  ab`e qud prdpmtdotd, ld ldsprdmaup`abño do e` (om) rd`aabño `otd e`s tdot`abmods. Iàs `þo, sdrà lbabe qud e` drsmo` qud dstà vbvbdolm dst` hsd usd t`eds târiboms, ds ldabr, amotbou`rà su rdsbstdoab`, y` dodo`l`, ` ee`i`r ee` i`r ` e`s ams`s pmr su omikrd 0• 0. [daudrlm ` uo sdibo`rbst` qud sd doamo`k` do dst` hsd y qud, do uo imidotm ld rdvbsbño ld vbl` y ld lbàemfm sd dxprdsñ iàs m idoms do dstms târiboms> «E`s tdot`abmods smo `fm y` supdr`lm y `otbau`lm sdð`e ld uo` i`odr` rdluatbv`

 

61

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

Lboàiba`

Ld oudvm, dstm ds sdð`e ld het` ld euabldz idot`e y ld dsa`s` vbt`ebl`l ld e` amoabdoab`.

 pmrqud a`l` uom, do dstd sdotblm, ds rdspmos`ked ld e` sdosbkbebl`l qud doaudotr` do sé ibsim m, lbagm ld mtr` i`odr`, tbdod e` sdosbkbebl`l qud sd idrdad y qud edot`idotd edot`i dotd sd g` amostrblm y amotboþ` amostryâolmsd. Zmr dstd ibsim imtbvm a`l` dedaabño ds bipmr`otd y ldn` su sdð`e, pmrqud do a`l` ma`sbño -pmr pd qudð` m fr`old qud sd`- sbfoba` mrbdot`r mrbdot`r e` dodrfé` do uo` lb rdaabño ldtdribo`l`, ldtdribo`l` , qud sd amovdrtbrà do `tr`aabño qud `rr`str`

6;

1. Gàkbtms hmri`abño ld e` sdosbkbebl`l) De p`sm ld e` rdpdtbabño `e gàkbtm ds amrtm, m p`rdad amrtm ldsld de puotm ld vbst` ld e` amoluat` dxtd`, pdrm om em ds sb amosbldr`ims em qud suadld do de iuolm botdrbmr ld e` pdrsmo`. De gàkbtm, do datm, om smem amovbdrd amovbdrd -sb dstm ds pmsbke pmsbkedd- do `efm omri`e y p`aéam u ldtdribo`lm amipmr`ibdotm, sbom qud ld `efuo` i`odr` pdribtd `e sundtm om pdos`r iuagm do deem, ob tdodr qud g`adr uo` vdrl`ldr` mpabño, ob ldtdodrsd `  prdfuot`rsd y lbsadbr ... Om, y` om ds odads`rbm, od ads`rbm, pmrqud uo`  prdsbño botd` botd ` mrbdot` y` do uo` ldtdribo`l` lbrdaabño. Mk vb`idotd de sundtm `lvbdrd e` prdsbño, ds iàs, e` `lvbdrtd g`st` t`e puotm qud ed p`rdad amipedt`idotd omri`e y o`tur`e s`tbsh adre`. «Id `pdtdad g`adr dstm ... (y pmr em t`otm ds nustm g`adr em)³3 dsd «`pdtdadr³ bolba` e` sdosbkbebl`l lde sundtm, y sbfoba` qud ds` prdabms` dotd ld dodrfé` qud ds e` sdosbkbebl`l sd dstà mrbdot`olm y ri`olm do uo` lbrdaabño prdabs`. `) Lde gàkbtm ` e` sdosbkbebl`l  E` sdosbkbebl`l ds e` mrbdot`abño dimabmo`e qud biprbib ims ` oudstr` dxbstdoab` y ` oudstr` pdrsmo` do lbrdotds àrd`s (ldsld e` rde`abmo`e ` e` imr`e, ld e` botdedatu`e botdedatu `e ` e` dspbrbtu`e) `  p`rbr ld e`s dxpdrbdoab`s p`s`l`s y ld e`s mpabmods qud sdfub ;

ims g`abdolm E` sdosbkbebl`l om ds, amim iuag`s vdads sd dotbdold supdrab`eidotd, uo` am`r`l` qud nustba` de mkr`r, •

y odf`tbv` ld vdrsd ` uom ibsim y e` vbl` dspbrbtu`e. Omsmtrms, ems nñvdods, y` om dxpdrbidot`ims dsm qud vmsmtrms, ems i`ymrds, ee`iàbs tdot`abmods. Zmrqud gdims supdr`lm y` vudstr` eñfba` mksdsbv`³ Gukm qud rdamrl`red, dotrd mtr`s ams`s, `qudeem qud lbad uo `utmr aeàsbam> qud «de lb`kem om tbdot` ª `qudeems qu om tbdodo , ob ` ems pda`lmrds, pmrqud y` ems tbdod do su i`om3 tdot` do a`ik y `tmridot` ld v`rb`s i`odr`s ` e`s pdrsmo`s ardydotds y ldvmt`s³ (Bibt`abño ld Arbstm BX, 07). ;. Qmkr Qmkrdd dstd tdi`, tdi`, ah. @. Adoabob Adoabob,, @kkb`im pdrsm b sdosb= @e/` rbadra` ldee`  sdosbkbebt ardldotd, Abobsdeem K`es`im ;:0;, 40

do dsdE` sdotblm y qud ds o`tur`eidotd e` prñxbi` abño. sdosbkbebl`l oésbi`, emboubrà rdfbstr`do tmlm, `uoqud dededa su  su  ndtm om em sdp`, ed `at` om smem a`l` pdrrk` pdrrk`abño, abño, sbom t`i kbâo a`l` susurrm ld e` krbs`3 m idnmr, ds amosdaudoab` ld tml` ldabsbño, bipeéabt` m dxpeéabt`, bipmrt`otd m trbvb`e, amosabdotd m boamos boamosabdotd. abdotd. R dstà prdsdotd do tmlms3 om g`y pdrsmo`s sdo sbkeds y pdrsmo`s bosdosbkeds> tmlms smims sdosbkeds ` `efuo`s ams`s y, pmr amosbfubdotd, bosdosbkeds ` mtr`s. @sé, y `pebaàolmem ` oudstrm a`sm, de aâebkd qud rdpbtd abdrtms amipmrt`ibdotms imr`eidotd brrdedv`otds, amim amoadsbmods vdob`eds ` su odadsbl`l ld sdotbrsd `i`lm y lbfom ld `tdoabño, do rd`ebl`l sd dstà ri`olm -`uo au`olm om em sdp- uo abdrm tbpm ld sdosbkbebl`l rde`abmo`e, e` au`e em dipun`rà a`l` vdz iàs ` dst`kedadr uo tbpm ld rde`abmods qud rdspmol` ` sus prmpb`s odadsbl`lds, y om amo tmlms, sbom smem amo `qudee`s pdrsmo`s qud pudl`o prmpmrabmo`red s`tbshaabño. Qdrào, pmr amosbfubdo td, rde`abmods dedatbvmsdedatbv`s y, `e ibsim tbdipm, dfméstbam o`rabsbst`s. Do amosdaudoab`, mtr`s rde`abmo rde`abmods ds ed botdrds`rào id oms, amim `qudee`s do e`s qud ldkd l`rsd m s`arba`rsd pmr ems mtrms3 y sd botdrds`rà idoms pmr mtr`s pdrsmo`s, amim `qudee`s qud ed pbldo m qud tbdodo pmam m o`l` qud `pmrt`red -dsm pbdo s` âe- do em qud ssdd rddrd ` sus prmpb`s dxbfdoab`s bipuesbv`s. \mlm deem, ds ldabr, dsd dstbem ld amipmrt`ibdotm, sdrà nustba` lm pmr uo` sdosbkbebl`l imr`e auym nubabm dst`rà a`l` vdz iàs boublm pmr e` fr`tba`abño mktdobl` y dspdr`l` ( «Amim g`ad qud id sbdot` kbdo, ds `efm kudom, m `e idoms om pudld g`kdr o`l` i`em do deem³). Do dst` hsd e` amoabdoab` amibdoz` ` ld  pdoldr lde bipuesm. bipuesm.

 

68

Lboàiba`

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

66

dst`r smem amosbfm ibsim, ` om rdsuet`r botdrds`otd ` ems mnms ld ems mtrms, ` om v`edr fr`o ams`, ` om sdr a`p`z m lbfom ld `ibst`lds vdrl`ldr`s ...). Dstà ae`rm qud uo` `tdoabño adotr`l` do sé ibsim pdrabkd a`l` vdz idoms ` ems ldiàs, sus vbl`s y sus pdrsmo`s, sus odadsbl`lds y a`rdoab`s. @e amotr`rbm, pmam ` pmam eedv`rà ` us`r ` ems mtrms  p`r` e`s prmpb`s odadsbl` odadsbl`lds lds  y a`rdoab`s. M sd`, ` tdodr uo amipmrt`ibdotm `ikbfum, amim am im  pmam, t`otm do de pe`om âtbam fdodr`e amim smkrd tmlm do de ld e`  prmpb` bldotbl`l. Do dstd imidotm qubzàs om sd ldo tml`vé` vdrl`ldr`s `os frdsbmods y iuagm idoms dsaàol`ems, pdrm sd g` bost`e`lm m sd dstà bost`e`olm do e` sdosbkbebl`l rde`abmo`e ld e` pdrsmo` uo  prboabpbm ld l d `atu`abño `ikbfum y pd pdebfrmsm. ebfrmsm. Qmkrd tmlm sb `e  ibsim tbdipm e` sdosbkbebl`l sdosbkbebl`l imr`e, amim vdrdims, sbfud `peb a`olm uo arbtdrbm ld amipmr`ibdotm `p`rdotdidotd amrrdatm  pdrm bosuabdotd, `uoqud sd` aeàsbam, dstm ds, de arbtdrbm «smem³  imr`e (qud (qud ld mrlbo`rbm ldsdikma` do de imr`ebsim )> ½Dst` `a abño ds pda`lm m om= ½Ds pda`lm fr`vd, imrt`e, m «smem³ edvd,  vdob`e= Dstd pe`otd`ibdotm mevbl` qud pudld g`kdr `aabmods m fdstms smkrd auym fr`lm ld fr`vdl`l imr`e t`e vdz sd pmlré` lbsautbr, pdrm qud ld obofuo` i`odr` pudldo sdr amosbldr`lms amim dxprdsbño ae`r` ld e` bldotbl`l y vdrl`l ld uo` mpabño `utâotba`idotd vbrfbo`e m adebk`t`rb`. De arbtdrbm, do dhatm, ldkdé` sdr iàs `ipebm, om smem ld o`  tur`edz` imr`e, sbom t`ikbâo psbameñfba` y dspbrbtu`e, dspbrbtu`e, ld imlm

De pe`om sd boaebo` pdebfrms`idotd sb de bolbvblum sd mks  tbo` do vdr y nuzf`r sus prmpbms amipmr`ibdotms smem amo uo arbtdrbm edf`ebst`-imr`ebst` y om p`s` `e psbameñfbamdspbrbtu`e. Ds ldabr, e` sdosbkbebl`l rde`abmo`e, y t`ikbâo e` imr`e, amrrd  pdebfrm ld amovdrtbrsd d o bosdosbkbebl`l t`otm rde`abmo`e amim  imr`e sb de nubabm sd ri` ` p`rtbr ld uo` omri` mkndtbv`, do sé  ibsi` amrrdat`, pdrm qud pmlré` sdr botdrdt`l` pmr de sundtm

qudk`s`lm pdribt` lbsadbibdotm iuagm iàssbdiprd r`lba`edxtd`s3 y pdrsmo`e,  om douo uo`s edyds m omri`s qud smo uo lbsadbibdotm iuagm iàs `utâotbam y prmolm, qud eedv` ` botdrrmf`rsd smkrd e`s imtbv`abmods sukndtbv`s, iàs `kbdrtm ` e`  rde`abño y ` ds dsdd tbpm ld rde`abño qud de aâebkd ldkd ss`kdr `kdr i`otd  odr p`r` tdstbimob`r e` ado`ebl`l ld ld Lbms. Qd pmlré` riue`r ld dst` i`odr`> dst` `aabño (dstd (dstd ldsdm, dstd amot`atm, dst` ib  r`l`) ½dstà do e` eéod` ld ib bldotbl`l ld vbrfdo m aâebkd= Dstd dstbem ld rde`abño ½ds uo tdstbimobm ae`rm ld ib pdrtdodoab` `e Qdðmr, lbad ` tmlms amo ae`rbl`l e` vdrl`l ld ib sdr=

td` rdspdatm sd`peé`, pmrqud ag`td`r do eedv`lm mo`s` dstd ld uo` l prmk`l` ` `k`olmo ` subotddt prmpb` g` hbeb` p`r`boaeubrsd sm ` De pdrs botdfrbl  botdfrbl  ] am  `efido  qido g` amomalm o`vdf`olm pmr e` rdl Dstd sbped gdagm udstr`  `ffbmr`idotm otm ld tmlm tbpm do de aedrm p`r` pmldr au`ot` odadsl`l tdodms ld  `ffbmr`id  rdspmoldr ` ems lds`ms rdpedtms ld `kbfõdl`lds `kbfõdl`lds qud de uolm `at`e oms dstà  pe`otd`olm  pe`otd`olm Ems  rmked` smo uy ldeba`lms , amm maurrd amo tmlm `qudeem qud ds  uy ldeba`lm, a`s ouoa` sd g`ke` ld deem do e`s rduobmods rduobmods lbmads`o`s M ld `rab prdst`zfm,, =b oudstrms mkbspms p`rdado `e`r`lms em às éobm pmr  prdst`zfm p mr dstd dst`lm ld ams`s Q lul` v`elré` e` pdo` qud uo` pukeba`abño amm Qdttbi`o` amdoz`doamotrdms do pedo` ddrfdo r ` `mot de td` prdabs`d  td p`r` qud om oms doamotrdms  td bostrudotm bostrudotm às qud au au`equbdr `equbdr a` au`om e`s oudv`s  dodr` ods, qud us`o d  td mtrm, dstdo a`l` vdz `s ldkebt`l`s do su a`m s`adrlmt`e sbo g`kdr tdoblm de `pmym y de smstâo ld qubdo pmlé` mdadreds `efuo` `yul`³

ld uo imlm rdluatbvm y `ikbfum. Doamotr`ims uo dndipem do e` qud pudld amosbldr`rsd uo` amipdos`abño iuy daudotd do de a`ipm ld e` sdxu`ebl`l> e` qud vbdod f`r`otbz`l` pmr e` iuetbpeba`abño bebibt`l` ld e`s  pmsbkbebl`lds ld fr`tba`abño fr`tb a`abño mdabl`s do dstd tdrrdom pmr ems  idlbms ld amiuoba`abño (botddt, véldms, amot`atms do rdlds smab`eds qud pdri`odado mauetms, dta.). Zmofm dstd dndipem  pmrqud sd tr`t` tr`t` ld `efm qud gmy dstà a`l` vdz iàs `e `ea`oad ld  tmlms, pdrm qud a`l` uom fdstbmo` ld imlm tmt`eidotd prbv`lm  y sdardtm, amim sb sd tr`t`r` ld uo` sdev`, om smem sbo amotrme, am otrme, sbom t`ikbâo sbo arbtdrbms prdabsms y pmoldr`lms, y qud ràpbl`  idotd pudld pu dld amov amovdrbrsd drbrsd do uo gàkbtm o`l` pmsbtbvm pmsbtbv m y do uo` 1 ldpdoldoab` Do rd`ebl`l oms doamotr`ims `otd uo rbdsfm lde •

. 1 @sé sd dxprds`k` smkrd tmlm dstm uo s`adrlmtd, do a`rt` `e lbrdatmr ld e` dv ]st` Qdttbi`o` 0 (;:0 «Qb, pmr uo` p`rtd, sd pudld eedf ` dotdoldr (om ` Nusta`r) e` `vdotur` dxtr`amoyuf e y g`st` de drrmr s`adrlmt`e, pmr mtr` p`rtd, e`  ]  vdrl`ldr` om dl`l ld dstms dpsmlms ld tr`osfrdsbño amosbstd do de gdagm ld qud  uo` pdrmo` f`l` .ª e` bostbtuabño daedsb`e, uo` vdz adrr`l` e` pudrt` ld su a`s`  pmqi `e rdf` do e`s r`s mld`s, y ld mrlbo`rbm uy pdebfrms`s, qud    sd oms e` dedatrma` mdad ` tmlms

 

62

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms su`eds

Lboàiba`

 pdo`s  ud ` pdo ldee q ud s, ld tds, dotd sabdo mosab  am td a dotd  pedo`ido ms  pe mim m s  smi  om é` o `vé`  t ml`v q ud  ud tml o om do m a`ibom d lbm  idlb àabtm,, ` id m tàabtm atm  p`at  uo p` tbddr ` uo  xbstb  sbb d xbs m s amim e`,, ami `ke`  g`k sd sd g d d ar  moar  mo   a  do    do a br  ldd  uâ l kdrr q uâ s`kd

`þo -y dstd ds de `spdatm iàs fr`vd rdspdatm ` e` sdosbkbebl`l rde`abmo`e y imr`e, ds uo` kþsqudl` ld fr`tbha`abño qud `peb a` ` e` edtr` de prboabpbm ld us`r ` ems mts, `uo au`olm sd` smem

67

 s`` kd y de om s  uetm  y dr `e ma uet dodr   fdo sm f dosm amosdo de amos tr d de  r`e,  imr`e, vbst`` im m l  ldd  vbst  uotm d d  dee p uot s l l d m mem `  s  sme i edi mked m k  pr  d e  ld e` l `ke`  g`k  m  sd g tm3 m sd ,y  sé, do do sé t m ` a d e  ld td l autd l bs bsau d  sd am3 m s ñfbam3 meñ psbame de   psba  lddsld de âo l  kbâo  t``i kb om t  y   y om  v`r i u y o eed v`r  udldo  ud p udld `s,, q ud p ab`s doab audo sdau mosd  amo y a tmss y  pudstm su puds  prdsu  us prd  ld s us om ld  vd s nñ vd  ems m  ` em  ` mem `  s  sme ` r  at at` `  qudd efm qu r` ldd `efm r ``t` t`r` l  tr  sb sd t m sb sd mim y  ami  nms33 y a ed nms e`ss ml`s e`  tm do t ms do mlms   tm m ` t y om b`ee, y o bab`  boba abño bo  r i`abño  e` r   ldd e`  p` l dt` p` o e`  e` dt` ds do ods d < mods tu``abmods y sbtu  p`s y sb dt` p`s  ud ño  q ud abñ ba`ab r`tba` ld   fr`t l ld l`l bebl` bkbeb e`  pmsbk  ud   e`  ds   q ud oads do dotm Lbf`ims tmoa i ms é sbi sb oté   t` t`ot d o r s`r dos` `  pdo  p st` k`  peb`` (  k`st i peb  `i `o `  dss t`o bms d ms idlbms stm  dst do d dado m mda m  urb rbm  a u e` a ms  `  e` atm rmluat ld   prmlu m  ld tbpm o dstd tbp ado  ud  mdad e` r dl  q ud tbmss ld  e` r  sb sbtbm  s  u  u m i ami am s) ads) f`ad f`  s atms t`atm mot`  amo ld a  udl`  ld  þsq ud  e`` k þs  y `  ` e  u`e  y os u`e  sdo bl`l sd sbl` bño  amo de `abño  r`   r de  l`l dr` a`  uo`  vdr l`l   uds  om bi pe bba` s`,   p ud y  h ees`, ab`ee y h   pdr   pdr ab` uo` ,  d  dss uo bm, b m ` `r  r  o tr  a m 3 e r rm3 m ` mt  d de e    l  l  `l  fobl `l  e` lb  fobl   spdt ` e` lb mo`   ob  r d spd  p dr ssmo` e` pdr   y ldd ldee mtr m y l bl``l  ld  botbbibl  e`` bot z`l`  ld e moz`l rfm  vdrf ds vd  lds ño l o v  v``sbño  bo ld b ri`` ld ri •

 vbm  vbmedo edoab` s b` s utb  utbee aamo motr  tr ` âe,  e,  pd pdrm t rm t`i `i k  kbbâo âo   amotr  motr `  uo ub`  om  r i bsi sim m  y  y  R  e` R `e  mo`e  abmo e` de`ab oab` oldoa e`  t ddold  pdt`   e`   ud   om rds pdt` rq ud  pmrq bl`l,  pm bfobl` mpb`   lbfo  pr   pr mpb` im bsi  uom  ibs ebrr ld  uo a`   s`eb  peba`  ud  bi peb  xu`e,, q ud bottm  sd xu`e stbo bost de   bo `e   lde mo` rsmo  pd  pdrs m  uom bm ldd  uo kdodabm l m tr m do  kd ldee mtr   us`r ld  y   ` k us  u s`rr  y m, y   om us` ab``  de mtr m, y g` g`ab dr   ob dadr  mda  ldd m `p`z l  dss a`p`z am d  pmam b` t``i pm st``oab` t bost tbi``  bo  þetbi m. R  do  þe bsim ibsi  uadd l ua  ud  sd  r ddl om  q ud  `,  sbom  ldr `,   ur`l rd``e  y l ur` o rd `abño tba`abñ uo`  fr ``tb r`   uo qubdr` sbqubd  ldd de l ds  de m - amim ds otm bostbot  uo bostb  ldd uo od` l i pmr   pmr ààod`  xtdi o d xtd aabño tbsh aabñ  s``tbsh  ` uo`  uo` s ` ab`) doab sado edsa rd``lmed e`   prd  pb`  ld e` rm pb (prm  u`e (p l`l  sdx u` bmsbl  ur bmsb lé` é `  a ur   uo  uo`  t`r l do  tdo  uo` t b`   ( uo oab` ldoa  pdold a`sm   uo`  ld pdo do   tmlm a`sm  u`ee ar d`  do  `ee a u` tm ` datm rdsp rdspda su`e)  vbsu`e) o  vb bño tba`abñ uo`  fr ``tb bv``  ld  uo`  uesbv ño  ami p ues abñ tbab  pdtb  r d pd  e` r  b` ` e` oab` ` ld ldo  ustm f us  uo r ddf  pmr  uo bl`` pm fubl sdfu dosd m do blm btbl  ustbt f`z, s us  f  prd  i prd bdi adrr ssbd o pe`  pe`ad  y u  y uo 4 `l Iàs dl`l medl  sme  e`` s ld e  ublm  ld g ub dr   g `kdr   g`k ld g ño  ld eusbñ  e ` beusb m ` e` otm  nuot sm nu rmsm lmem lmemrm • 

  d y vst`k`  g`kbtu`eidotd  g`kbtu`eido td sbtbms pmmfràams ddoo botddt De NMX o sd stm tr`amo`l ] do e` amo`oz` qud g`ké` pudstm do de mtrm, y amo tml` rm , pdrm `ld`s pdrlm amo `oz` do su prmpb` vma`abño y do e` pmsbkbebl`l ld vvre` amo ldebl`l 4 dzam `qué `efuo`s `efuo`s bolba`abm bolba`abmods ods pràatba pràatba`s `s smkrd de um amrrdat= lde mr ldo`lmr «Tom qud sd amipmr` amo omri`ebl`l do e`s rde`amods g`kt`eds R lbrdat`s, pudld pudld tr`osri`rsd do uo` kdstb` au`olm o`vdf` pmr botddt. Zmr t`otm,

ld imlm vbrtu`e y «sbo g`adr i`e ` o`lbd³ 8

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 k) Bosdosbkbebl`l imr`e  Abdrt`idotd, om a`kd lul` ld qud uo` `aabño ld dsd tbpm  n`iàs pudld sdr amosbldr`l` amim dxprdsbño ld uo amr`zño qud qubdrd i`otdodrsd aâebkd pmr de Qdðmr y p`r` `i`r amim de Qd ðmr `i`, amo dsd rdspdtm y `tdoabño `e mtrm, ` sus sdotbibdotms  y g`st` ` su audm qud dstà do t`o p`ei`rb` p`ei `rb` amotr`lbaabño amo e` kþsqudl` y vbsbño ld pmmfr`` do e` rdl, qud rdluad `e mtrm ` purm mkndtm ld pe`adr Om a`kd lul` ld e` rdspudst` qud ldkd l`rsd ` e` prdfuot` ds`tâfba` `otds pe`otd`l`, prdfuot` ld mrldo psbameñfbamdspbrbtu`e, pdrm qud `ð`ld uo` ae`r` amo omt`abño t`ikbâo imr`e ` e` `aabño. Do au`otm t`e, ds dxprdsbño  om usds uo edofu`nd `frdsbvm sñem pmrqud pmrqud o`lbd td vd y td pudld rdspmol rdspmoldr, dr, y om ame`kmrds ld obofþo imlm amo obofþo tbpm ld `atbvbl`l m prmfr`i` qud mol` e` lbfobl`l y ems ldrdagms ld mms, dspdab`eidotd ld domrds m iundrds. ` de idrm g`adr aeba p`r` vdr y aurbmsd`r ds uo` ame`kmr`abño ( qud qudl`rà rdfbs`l` boidlb`t`idotd) boidlb`t`idot d) Bipmotd amim rdfe` `ksmeut` d boldrmf`ked de om dotr`r ouoa` do sbtbms wdk ld pmmfr``, pdlmeb`, dta dta Zdrm rdspât`td t`ikbâo ` tb ibsim y tu lbfobl`l y rdspmos`kbebl`l. Om sd`s t`o bofdoum ld pdos`r qud em qud kusa`s y vds, y td `amstuikr`s ` kusa`r y vdr, om v` ` tdodr amosdaudoab`s p`r` tu vbl` y us mpabmods, p`r` tus sdotblms y t sdosbkbebl`l Om td e`idotds sb ldspuâs td sbdo tds a`l` vdz iàs bipues`lm ` s`tbsadr uo abdrm tbpm ld aurbmsbl`l m tbdods qud dodot`rtd a`l` vdz iàs ` abdrtm tbpm ld bi`fbo`abmods y h`ot`sé`s Om td qubdr`s t`o i`e amim p`r` amotdot`rd amo es`s s`tbsaabmods qud sd p`s`o do uo bost`o td, ldnàolmtd ldspuâs uo rdfustm lmemrmsm, y ` vdads uo` vdrl`ldr` ldpdoldoab`, amim uo` mksdsbño amipuesbv` y str`otd Zmr vmr, om td audotds idotbr`s ` dstd rdspdatm, amo e` dxaus` ld qud amovbdod vdr y amomadr abdrt`s ams`s, qud g`y qud dst`r `e t`otm ld em qud vdo y pbdos`o ems nñvdods, qud ` tb om td pdulba`o  p`r` o`l`, qud y` g`s supdr`lm e` sd ld e` `lmedsadotd aurbmsbl`l sdxu`e, qud e` vdrl`l ds qud td rde`n`, qud... 'kudom, do o, t`ipmam ds qud sd` pda`lm Iàs kbdo prdfþot`td sb em qud dstàs g`abdolm ds amgdrdotd amo tu bldotbl`l y vdrl`l, sb td `trdvdré`s ` g`adrem y amot`rem do pþkebam, m -sb em g`ads p`r` rde`n`rtd- prdfþo t`td quâ ds e m qud td ldkdré` prmpmrab prmpmrabmo`r mo`r e` sdos`abño ld uo `utâotbam ldsa`osm ldsa`osm³³ (@. Adoabob, @hdttbvbt d usm ldb i`ss-idlb`> \dstbimob 2 S;:0 e` boa`p`abl`l ld mz`r y e` boa`p`abl`l ld suhrbr

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04. Do de olm ds e` amohri`abño amohri`abño ld e` botubabño dulb`o` sdfþo sdfþo e` au`e e` ebkblm, au`olm ds fr`tbha`l` ld i`odr` rdfue`r y sbstdiàtba` (idlbtd e` puesbño ld rdpdtbabño) do vbrtl lde prboabpbm lde pe`adr, ard` tg`o`tms ds` abdrt` `p`té` qud s`kd ` iudrtd iudrtd pséqua` y sd i`obhdst` prdabs`idotd do e` boa`p`abl`l p`r` lbsut ld e` vbl` pdrm t`ikbâo p`r` ds` `tbha`abño ld ems sdotblms t `ogde`l`.

 

78

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

Lboàiba`

76

qud sukr`y`rem, om ds prbimrlb`eidotd ld mrldo imr`e, ld uo` amoluat` qud om dstà amorid amo ems v`emrds, sbom psbameñfb am, ld uo pe`adr qud, `e pdrsdfubrem, p`rdad gubr a`l` vdz iàs ednms. M sb qudrdims qu drdims dxprds`rem l mtr` i`odr`> i`odr`> em qud smrprdo ld ds qud au`olm e` amoluat`, p`r` amosdfubr uo abdrtm pe`adr ld ems sdotblms, om sd bospbr` do v`emrds, om smem dstms qudl`o sbo rd`ebz`rsd, sbom qud t`ikbâo ems ibsims sdotblms qudl`o ` e` e`rf` bos`tbsagms ldspuâs ld e`s prbidr`s beusbmods. To pdr atm fme do prmpb` pudrt`. Xmevbdolm ` oudstr` bi`fdo lde pe`m boaebo`lm, bo aebo`lm, e` prmids` ld ebabl`l qud `amip`ð`k` ` e`s prbidr`s amoadsbmods vdob` eds, y eudfm om t`o vdob`eds, om sd g` auipeblm. R dstm ds em qud  pudld mksdrv`rsd do e` vbl` ld ld e`s pdrsmo`s qud sbfudo sbfudo `k`olm `k`olm  oàolmsd ` amipmrt`ibd amipmrt`ibdotms otms qud p`rdadré`o fr`tba`otds (` (` vd ads `e eéibtd ld e` tr`osfrdsbño fr`vd), pdrm qud om smo ebads. Ds de séolrmid ld t`otms nñvdods qud qu d g`o p`s`lm ld e` dkrd lde sàk`lm omagd `e `kurrbibdotm lde lmibofm pmr e` t`rld. R ld `gé ` e` kþsqudl` ld `efm iàs, `a`sm dx`v`f`otd d boâlbtm, om bipmrt` sb ae`r`idotd tr`osfrdsbvm, sbdiprd qud lâ e` sdos`abño ld dst`r vbvms y ldspbdrtd e` a`p`abl`l ld fmz`r ld e` vbl`, pmr idlbm ld em qud sd`. Ds ldabr, qud tbdod qud `uidot`r e` lmsbs, l`lm qud e` `o tdrbmr y` om ds suabdotd m de uikr`e pdrsmo`e lde pe`adr sd g` dedv`lm (m (m sd g` gdagm idoms sdosbked)3 lmsbs qud tbdod qud `u idot`r g`st` g`adr datm m prmvma`r do de sundtm e` sdos`abño ld s`tbshaabño. Dstd ds de prboabpbm ld tml`s e`s ldpdoldoab`s, t`ikbâo ld e`s hri`ameñfba`s m quéiba`s, iàs m idoms tñxba`s. R ds `qué lmold sd l` de pdebfrmsm aruad dotrd e` boa`p`abl`l ld fmz`r y e` mtr` bosdosbkbebl`l tépba` ld dstd prmadsm ld `ams tuikr`ibdotm. l) Boa`p`abl`l ld suhrbr Ds amim e` gdri`o` fdide`, e` mtr` a`r` ld e` imodl`, ld e` boa`p`abl`l ld fmz`r. Z`r`lñnba` pdrm bodvbt`ked. Ld gdagm, ems lms lbo`ibsims, m e`s lms sdosbkbebl`lds sb sd e`s amosbldr`

do pmsbtbvm (amim a`p`abl`l ld fmz`r y a`p`abl`l ld subr), rdprdsdot`o qubzàs em dsdoab`e lde sdr gui`om, smo amim lms  pmems qud sd rdae`i`o iutu`idotd. To` dxpeba` ` e` mtr`3 om s`kd fmz`r vdrl`ldr`idotd vdrl`ldr`idotd qubdo om amomad de subibdotm, eem m ibsim qud om s`kd ld e` dspdr`oz` qubdo om o m g` dxpdrbidot`lm  n`iàs e` ldsds ldsdspdr`abño. pdr`abño. De sd sdrr gui`om ds ol`i ol`idot`e dot`e y ibstd rbms`idotd tmlm dsm. Do amosdaudoab`, pdrldr dstms lms tbpms ld sdosbkbebl`l sbfoba` sdr uo pmam idoms pdrsmo`. Ld mrlbo`rbm,  pmr bosñebtm qud pudl` p`rdadr, p`rdadr, au`olm uo` dstà do arbsbs, t`i  kbâo em dstà e` mtr`. ½Do quâ sdotblm e` amstuikrd ld e` qud g`ke`ims prmvma` t`ikbâo dst` bosdosbkbebl`l= Om oms rdrbims `qué ` e` a`p` abl`l ld smpmrt`r m ld l`r sdotblm ` e`s lbrdotds dxpdrbdoab` dxpdrbdoab`ss ld lmemr qud e` vbl` oms rdsdrv`, sbom ` dsd subibdotm dspd aéam qud ldkdré` dst`r ebf`lm ` e` e ` dxpdrbdoab` lde prmpbm i`e  y ld ems prmpbms ldimobms. Qubibdotm tépbam lde gmikrd -em ibsim qud e` a`p`abl`l a`p`abl`l ld fmz`r, fmz`r, ld fmz`r amo de kbdo- y qud  p`r`lñnba`idotd  p`r`lñnba`id otd dxprds` su lbfobl`l, amim y` ldaé`o ems Z` lrds lde ldsbdrtm 08 Zdrm, amim gdims sukr`y`lm, ` idlbl` qud sd `ldotr` do de pe`om boaebo`lm e` pdrsmo` pbdrld prmfrdsbv` idotd e` ebkdrt`l ld pdrabkbr sus prmpb`s amotr`lbaabmods y su  prmpb` hesdl`l, om vd su prmpbm i`e y, sb em vd, em nustba` y ed qubt` bipmrt`oab`, om pdrabkd su fr`vdl`l, om dxpdrbidot`  vdrfõdoz` `efuo` amo rde`abño ` sé ibsim, y smkrd tmlm, sb ds ardydotd, amim do oudstrm a`sm, om em rdamomad lde`otd ld Lbms  y, pmr amosbfubdotd, amosbfubdotd, om em sud, om em eemr`06 Lbré`ims, do târ iboms iàs hibeb`rds p`r` omsmtrms, qud ` em iàs qud eedf`, ` •

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08. @sé lbad Bs``a ld Oéobvd> «Pubdo amomad amomad sus prmpbms pda`lms pda`lms ds i`ymr  qud `qude qud amo su mr`abño rdsuabt` ` ems iudrtms. Pubdo eemr` uo` gmr` pmr sé ibsim ds i`ymr qud qubdo dos dð` ` tmlm de iuolm @qude ` qubdo ed ds l`lm amomadr e` vdrl`l smkrd s é ibsim ds i`ymr qud `qude ` qubdo sd ed g` amoadlblm vdr ` ems àofdeds³ (Bs``a ld Oéobvd, Lbsaursms `saâtbams, Qdrbd Zrbidr`, 1 «De pd pda`lm a`lm ds u uo o

iuagm idoms amo uo obðm, y iuagm idoms pmr p`rtd ld uo aur` amim smy ym³3 «om id ds eéabtm eedv`r ` a`km dstms fdstms y ldspuâs adedkr`r e` dua`rbsté`3 sdré` uo` `ksmeut` gbpmardsé`³3 «om pudlm nustba`r uo` `osfrdsbño amo e` dxaus` dxau s` lde kbdo lde mtrm, ds uo` idotbr` amo e` qud id dof`ð`ré` prbidrm ié ibsim y ldspuâs `e mtrm³ Amim y` gdims lbagm, uo` sdð`e ld e` lbsibouabño ld e` sdosbkbebl`l imr`e ds t`ikbâo uo` dspdabd ld `h`sb` imr`e, qud  prmluad boa`p`abl`l p`r` us`r e`s e`s p`e`kr`s `ldau`l`s y ee`i`r ee`i`r ` e`s ams`s pmr su omikrd3 ds e` prdtdosbño ld us`r uo` dspdabd ld `otbedofu`nd do de qud sd iuetbpeba`o e`s p`e`kr`s p`r` ds amoldr e` rd`ebl`l, sd g`ke` ld tmlm p`r` om ldabr o`l`, m tmlm sd `tdoþ` y p`rdad qud sd `a`rbab`, ` vdads boaeusm sd dspbrbtu` ebz` m sukebi`, do euf`r ld amos`rem amim pda`lm amo amr`nd y amo`oz`, amo vdrfõdoz` y rdimrlbibdotm rdim rlbibdotm `otd Lbms y e` prm  pb` amoabdoab`, us`olm e`s p`e`kr`s `ldau`l`s, e`s qud dxprds`o e` rd`ebl`l y fr`vdl`l lde fdstm y ` e` vdz de prmpbm lmemr y vdrfõdoz`;: Zdrm t`ikbâo pudld l`rsd de oñidom do abdrtm imlm bo vdrsm, sbdiprd amo e` botdoabño ld ldoldrsd y ld deulbr e` vdrl`l Ds em qud suadld amo de aâebkd qud v` `suibdolm uo amipmrt`ibdotm sdxu`eidotd `frdsbvm y qud, p`r` nustba`rsd m amovdoadrsd amovdoadrsd ld qud om g`y obo obofþo fþo prmkedi prmkedi`, `, pudld eedf` eedf`r  r   g`st` de puotm ld g`ke`r sbo p`r`r ld e` kdeedz` ld l d e` a`stbl`l, y do ma`sbmods ` sdr iuy rbfurmsm do em qud prmpmod m dxbfd ` ems ldiàs do dstd tdi` Do vdz ld e` `hsb`, `qué tdodims uo` dspdabd ld kuebib` vdrk`e `rfuidot`tbv` Zdrm sbdiprd amim ida`obsim ld ldos` qud ed pdribtd amotbou`r amo uo dstbem

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amoadptm nuldm-arbstb`om y` supdr`lm De qud ee`i` pda`lm ` dst`s ams`s ds uo rdtrñfr`lm, uo tbpm ag`p`lm ` e` `otbfu` Om ard`s do ds`s tmotdré`s. Omsmtrms oms qudrdims y Lbms ouoa` sd mpmod `e `imr³ 02 Zrdabs`idotd pmr dstm, ds pmsbked pmsbke d qud do t`eds a`sms e` kþs qudl` lde pe`adr sdosmrb`e dstâ ldsamotrme`l`, sbo doamotr`r rd sbstdoab` `efuo` do de sundtm y sbo lbspmodr ld obofuo` k`rrdr`  psbameñfba` m ld rdrdoab` imr`e dotd ` dee` Q Qb, b, pmr uo` p`r td, de sundtm sd sbdotd bipues`lm amo uo` abdrt` drz` ` kus a`r `efm qud pudl` prmpmrabmo`red o`eidotd uo` sdos`abño ld  pe`adr (e`s lmsbs g`kbtu`eds y` om ed s`tbshado), pmr mtr` p`rtd  p`rdad om tdodr ems bostruidotms m e` sdosbkbebl`l p`r` rdfue`r dst` prdsbño y ldabrsd ` sé ibsim sbo idlb`s tbot`s ob nudfms nud fms ld  p`e`kr`s «Dstm ds u uo` o` dqubvma`ab dqubvma`abño, ño, om ldkm g`adrem³3 «dst` het` ds fr`vd, fr`vésbi` amotr` e` mtr` pdrsmo`, ds `kus`r ld su audm p`r` ib pe`adr³3 «dstm om ds `imr, ds vbmedoab`³3 «dstms fdstms om dxprds`o ib bldotbl`l ld aâebkd pmr de rdbom ld ems abdems³3 «om dstà pdribtblm g`adr dstm amo de audm ld mtrm, •

07. De sdotbibdotm ld auep` ds pur`idotd psbameñfbam, ibdotr`s ibdotr`s qud e` amo abdoab` ld pda`lm ds uo` rd`ebl`l tdmeñfba`. D e prbidrm vbdod ld e` r`kb` o`rabsbst` ld om sdr pdratm ` ems prmpbms mnms3 e` sdfuol`, lde lds`fr`lm sboadrm ld g`kdr molblm ` Lbms. De qu d smem dxpdrbidot` sdotbibdotm ld auep` om sbdotd e` odadsb l`l ld pdlbr pdrlño, y iuagm idoms ld amos`rsd3 qubdo tbdod amoabdoab` ld pd a`lm dxpdrbidot` e` odadsbl`l ld sdr pdrlmo`lm pmr Lbms idlb`otd de s`ar`idotm. Z`r`lñnba`idotd, qubdo sd qudl` smem amo su auep`, ` vdads om sd pdrlmo`3 qubdo sd `krd ` e` amoabdoab` lde prmpbm pda`lm fmz` lde pdrlño ld Lbms. De sdotbibdotm ld auep` prmvma` bolbrdoab` m, do de dxtrdim mpudstm, ldsdspdr`abño3 e` amoabdo ab` ld pda`lm fdodr` sñem dspdr`oz` y amo`oz`. 02. De qud sd dxprds`k` do dstms târiboms târiboms dr` de nmvdo s`adrlmtd qud dst dstvm vm `kus`olm ld L`obdeed ldsld qud dee` tdoé` lmad `ðms. Gdims abt`lm y` v`rb`s vdads dstd a`sm supr`, a`sm  supr`, a`p. 0, 01> «Lbst`oab` ld sdfurbl`l³, pàf. au`olm de pe`om amibdoz` boaebo`rsd sd s`kd ld lñold sdp`rtd, pdrm om ` lñold sd s d pudld eedf`r.

Dst` ds t`ikbâo uo` edy ld e` amipdos`abño au`olm uo bo lbvblum amibdoz` ` kusa`r amipdos`abmods m sd dof`ð` rd;0. \`e ds de a`sm ld dsd ol ol`lmr `lmr qud `kus`k` ld ldado`s ld amos`fr`l`s, ibdotr`s qud do sus gmibeé`s dos`ez`k` sbo ads`r e` a`stbl`l do e` vbl` amos`fr`l`, y g`st` su v`emr p`r` ems a`s`lms G`ke`k` ld dee` amo sabo`abño, amim ld `efm iuy gdrimsm, `uoqud `sbibsim amo dxtr`mrlbo`rbm rbfmr y lurdz`. Tom ld ems ibdikrms ld su bostbtuabño id amosñ ud sus gmibeé`s ed g`ké`o p`rdablm t`o sufdstbv`s y amovboadotds qud ed g`ké`o imvblm ` am os`fr`rsd ;; [damrldims `e Z I`rab`e I I`abde, `abde, ol`lmr ld ems Edfbmo`bms Edfbmo`bms ld Arbstm, y e` dxdi` sdvdrbl`l amo qud dxbfé` ` ems suyms uo` pdrhdat` mksdrv`oab mksdrv`oab`` lde vmtm ld a`stbl`l `otm do dstd am im do mtrms ol`lmrds, g`ee`ims trds dxadsms sbofue`ridotd p`rdablms dod sé> de dxadsm ld pmldr smkrd ems ibdikrms ld ems bostbtutms qud g`o ol`lm3 de dxadsm ld  rbfmr amo qud eds dxbfdo uo` a`stbl`l pdrhdat`3 de dxadsm ld ebadoabmsbl`l amo qud sd pdribtdo ` sé ibsims `ipeb`s tr`osdsbmods do dst` i`tdrb` Amim uo` `eb`oz` bo`pséquba` dotrd odadsbl`lds boamotrme`keds, lmold ` `ebidot` ` e` m `, do uo` rde`abño ld bos` rdabprmabl`l a`us`e.

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@qué amovbdod g`adr uo dxaursus. Do de àikbtm psbqubàtrbam, psb amp`tmeñfbam y sdxmeñfbam, sd dotbdold pmr «p`r`eb`s³ e`s puesbmods drñtba`s amoomt`l`s pmr hot`sé`s m bipuesms botdosms y rdaurrdotds qud bipeba`o `atbvbl`lds m sbt`abmods dspdaéa`s rdrbl`s ` mkndtms v`f`idotd ebf`lms ` e` sdxu`ebl`l, qud amipmr`o prmvma`abñ prmvma`abño, o, het` ld rdspdtm, subibdotm m guibee`abño ld mtrms amo uo tr`solm sdxu`e, m qud sd lbrbfdo amo` idomrds y/m `luetms sbo su amosdotbibdotm Qdfþo e` þetbi` dlbabño lde Lb`fomstba `ol Qt`tbstba`e I`ou`e mh Idot`e Lbsmrldrs (LQI-4), p`r` sdr amosbldr`l` datbv`idotd amim  p`tmemfé`, ds` amolbabño ldkd l`rsd `e idoms lur`otd sdbs idsds y  tbdod qud i`obst`rsd amim e` ri` ld sdxu`ebl`l dxaeusbv` m prd v`edotd lde sundtm, botdrrbdolm ld imlm rdedv`otd do su vbl` omri`e

 

2;

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

Lboàiba`

ld rde`abmods y a`us`olm do dee` uo` lbsoabño sbfoba`tbv`. Aeéoba`idotd sd rdamomado amim e`s i`ymrds ri`s ld p`r`eb` ( `otds ee`i`l`s pdrvdrsbmods m ldsvb`abmods sdxu`eds) e`s sbfubdotds>

Do de sbfubdotd fràam sd rdprdsdot` de prmadsm lde dsaàol`em sdxu`e, `e qud amrdspmold p`r`ede`idotd e` ldfr`l`abño ld e` amoabdoab`. \bstdidotd botdds`otd ds e` rde`abño dotrd dstms lms pmadsms, auym ldomibo`lmr amiþo ds e` pârlbl` ld e` eb kdt`l botdrbmr

Dxgbkbabmobsim> odadsbl`l m amipmrt`ibdotm qud eedv` ` e` dxpmsbabño ld ems prmpbms fdobt`eds ` uo` pdrsmo` ldsamomabl` amo de ldsdm ld prmvma`re` Hdtbagbsim> usm dxaeusbvm ld mkndtms om pdrtdodabdotds prmpb` idotd ` e` sdxu`ebl`l (pmr dndipem z`p`tms m vdstblms), m ld p`rtds lde audm ld uo` pdrsmo`, p`r` prmvma`r m `uidot`r e` dxabt`abño sdxu`e Hrmtbsim/tdurbsim> odadsbl`l m amipmrt`ibdotm qud eedv` `  tma`r m p`ep`r do pþkebam, pdrm ld i`odr` lbsbiue`l`, de audrpm m e`s  p`rtds sdxu`eds ld uo` pdrsmo` sbo amosdotbibdotm ld dee` Zdlmeb`> `tr`aabño sdxu`e pmr obðms do dl`l bootbe, prd`lmedsadotds y `lmedsadotds (do (do auym a`sm sd g`ke` ld dhdkmeb`). E` Bfedsb`, do su mrldo`ibdotm a`oñobam, g` ldtdribo`lm de eéibtd ld dl`l ld qubdo sud vbmedoab` ` ems 07 `ðms, pmr p`rtd ld uo sundtm ld uo` dl`l om borbmr ` ems 08 `ðms Zdlmeb` eb` dn`abño m d rdfrdsbño> ds de a`sm lde `luetm qud, do amolbabmods omri`eds ld vbl`, sd mrbdot` sdxu`eidotd g`ab` `luetms lde sdxm mpudstm, pdrm qud do sbtu`abmods ld `etm dstrâs sbdotd botdrâs drñtbam dxaeusbvm m prbi`rbm g`ab` idomrds ld dl`l (`abño), m kbdo rdtrmadld ` dst`lbms ld lds`rrmeem bootbeds qud bipeba`o bipeb a`o e` kþsqudl` drñtba` ld idomrds (rdfrdsbño) I`smqubsim> odadsbl`l m amipmrt`ibdotm sdxu`eidotd dxabt`otd kusa`lm do de ldsdm ld sdr guibee`lm, dxpdrbidot`r lmemr m suhbr ld mtrms imlms Q`bsim> odadsbl`l m amipmrt`ibdotm sdxu`eidotd dxabt`otd `e a`us`r lmemr m guibee`abño do e` véatbi` Hdtbagbsim d tr`vdstbsim> dxabt`abño y/m pe`adr sdxu`e `e vdstbrsd amo rmp`s lde mtrm sdxm Xmydurbsim m dsampmeb`> odadsbl`l m amipmrt`ibdotm qud eedv` ` dspb`r ` pdrsmo`s au`olm dstào ldsoul`s, do e` botbibl`l m i`otdobdolm `atbvbl`lds m rde`abmods sdxu`eds ;1 •

;1. Ah. E E Kmaa`l Kmaa`lmm mm - Q. A`u A`ueeb, eeb, NB pmstm ldee'`imrd odf`tm. Qdssu`ebt d  psbamp`tmemfbd sdfrdtd, @am` ;::23 D. @. N`oobb @. Ezb - I. @. I`ffb, Qds sume  fb` idlba` \r`tt`tm lb psbamsdssumemfb` psbamsdssumemfb` d idlbabo` ldee` sdssu`ebt Ibe`m ;::63 @idrba` Zsyagb`tba @ssmab`t @ssmab`tbmo, bmo, I`ou`e lb`foñstbam y dst`léstbam ld e  s tr`stmms idot`eds (LQI-4), I`lrbl ;:0 dsd `t`atbvm ol`lmr qud `kus` ld ldado`s ld nñvdods nñvdods amos`fr`l`s hsabo`l`s pmr su pdrsmo` y su a`rbsi`, qud eedf` `e dxdim ld amosui` t`eds `kusms idlb` gmr` `otds ld adedkr`r e` dua`bsté`, do auy` gmibeé` dos`ez`rà e` gdimsu` ld e` pudz` y mo`rà amo` qubdods e` tr`babmo`o ld au`equbd au`equ bd ri`, y qud ldspuâs obdf` ems gdagms y sd mkstbo` do  om vdr ld quâ tbdod qud pdlb pdrlño y ` qubâo, dvbldotdidotd

 

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms su`eds

Lboàiba`

iuds` uo prmkedi` ld l d botdfrbl`l psbameñfba`. Zmr` rdprdsdo t`r uo a`sm ld p`tmemfé`, ld ldpdoldoab` lde dndrababm lde bostbo tm fdobt`e-sdxu`e, amo ri`s ld lbsmab`abño botdrbm botdrbmr. r. Qbo dik`rfm, om g`y qud mevbl`r qud ` dst` ldpdoldoab` ldpdoldo ab` g` eedf`lm pmam ` pmam3 om dr` ldpdolbdotd `e prboabpbm, au`olm sd amotdot`k` pmr `sé ldab amo sbipeds amot`atms y edvds fr`tb a`abmods. G` eedf`lm ` sdrem rdpbtbdolm ds`s iml`ebl`lds rd e`abmo`eds y eedf`olm, p`sm ` p`sm, ` ri`s ld botbibl`l iàs amiprmidtdlmr`s y tr`osfrdsbv`s. G` a`élm do e` ldpdoldoab` ld tmlm dsm smkrd tmlm pmrqud t`eds `kusms y vbmedoab`s ed prm  pmrabmo`k`o uo` uo ` fr`tba`abño peur`e, om smem e` boidlb` boidlb`t` t` lde bostbotm fdobt`e, sbom t`ikbâo y smkrd tmlm tm lm e` ld e` odadsbl`l ld  pmldr, nuotm amo amo e` ld e` `utmrrd`ebz`abño `utmrrd`ebz`a bño y e` ld mtrms bipuesms,  nuf`olm `sé amo de ida`obsim ld e` amipdos`abño (lbrdat` m bolbrdat`). @ dsm sd ldkd qud e` prdsbño lde bipuesm (m ( m ld ems bipuesms) g`y` sblm drd, domrididotd drtd. R sd g` vudetm t`o ldpdolbdotd qud y` om pdrabkd e` p`ei`rb` boimr`ebl`l ld dsms fdstms y e` ae`imrms` amo`lbaabño dotrd dstms y su bldotbl`l ld s`adrlmtd, ol`lmr, ri`lmr, amos`fr` lm, ibobstrm ld e` dua`rbsté`, prdlba`lmr, imldem, rdrdoab` y fur` p`td` p`r` iuagms ... Ems ibsims qud ldspuâs sd ims tr`rào `i`rf`idotd boarâluems y dsa`ol`ebz`l dsa`ol`ebz`lms. ms. Ds ldsamoadr `otd vdr lñold pudld tdribo`r e` amoabdoab` ld uo s`adrlmtd,  pdrm sd tr`t` sbdiprd ld e` i`elbt` eñfba` lde «pe`om boaebo`lm³ boaebo`lm³  y ld e` «abot` «abot` r`ospmrt`lmr`³ qud, so `pdo`s rblm, amoluad e`  sdosbkbebl`l imr`e ` e` bosdosbkbebl`l imr`e (lde s`adrlmtd) y, do su dxprdsbño iàxbi`, g`ad qud amot`ibod y amrrmip` t`i kbâo e` amoabdoab` ld e` véatbi`> sdrà e` iàxbi` vbmedoab` smkrd dee`, de `kusm om smem lde audm, sbom t`ikbâo ld e` amoabdoab` ;< ; e` pdlmeb` ds, sbo lul`, uo oñidom p`tmeñfbam y pdrdrsm, uo` doridl`l qud g`ad `e sundtm `ksmeut`idotd bo`ldau`lm p`r` de ibobstdrbm s` adrlmt`e, uo` ldsvb`abño qud ldkdré` sdr lb`fomstba`l` ` tbdipm  p`r` bipdlbr qud gmikrds amo boaebo`abmods ld dstd tbpm sd amo vbdr`o mab`eidotd do ibobsms ld Lbms y p`stmrds ld e` frdy  y, do a`ebl`l ld t`eds, mol`o e` edy ld Lbms y ld ems gmikrds vbme`olm e` bomadoab` bohotbe. Zdrm t`ikbâo ds amosdaudoab`  y qubdrm sukr`y`r dstm amo drz ld uo dstbem ld vbl` qud `e  prboabpbm amoldsadolé` t`o smem amo `e fo`s edvds dxbfdoab`s y odadsbl`lds pséquba`s, ldspuâs sd d tm`olm `ikbfm y a`l`  vdz iàs dquévmam, g`st` qud eedfñ ` sdr dof`ð`lmamolbabmo dof`ð`lmamolbabmo`lm `lm lmibo`lm pmr de sbstdi` ld e` amipdos`abño. Ds prmk`ked qud dst` amosdaudoab` sd g`y` vbstm hvmrdabl`  pmr uo` lbspmsbabño botdrbmr prdvb` m pmr `efuo` dxpdrbdoab` lm emrms` vbvbl` pmr e` pdrsmo`, qud do de p`s`lm pulm g`kdr g` kdr sub lm e` ibsi` gdrbl`. Zdrm sdré` beñfbam y ld oudvm dstpbl`ido td ldosbvm mr oudstr` oudstr` p`rd qudrdr rdluabr rdluabr de oñidom ` uo` p`tmemfé`, ` dsms au`trm a`sms ld s`adrlmtds lds`ei`lms m ldsfr`ab`lms ldsfr`ab`lms qud ouoa` tdolré`o tdolré`o qud g`kdr sblm mrldo`lm mrldo`lms, s, ` uo dpbsmlbm e`idot`ked ld het` ld `tdoabño ri`tbv` do de lbsadbibdotm lbsadbi bdotm bobab`e y qud ssdd rdsmevdrà ld uo` vdz pmr tml`s au`olm tdof`ims ae`rms ems arbtdrbms ld lb`foñstbam prdvbm ld e` doridl`l. R sdré` `þo iàs ldosbvm y `ksurlm g`adrsd ems molblms y diprdoldre` amotr` qubdo prdsuot`idotd dst` ré` mrqudst`olm uo pe`o p`r` `t`a`r ` e` Bfedsb` y `prmvdag`r de `suotm `a`sm amo ods damoñibams. Zmlrà boaeusm sdr vdrl`l, pdrm dst` dstr`tdfb` ldosbv` oms lbstr`dré` lde puotm ado`e. R de puotm adotr`e om ds e` pdlm

rdpdtbr vbmedoab` m`s pdrsmo`s pdrsm Dstà ae`rm qud ydstm sd ldkd ` qdstd ud om sd ld g` l`lm dee`prmadsm ld smkrd botdfr`año ld e`o`s vbmedoab` sul`, t`ikâo qud tpm bldota`abño sd g`ee` do de eéitd dotrd omri`el`l y p`tmemfé`

hdoñidom ld eb` do au`otm t`e m e` tr`osfrdsbño dxtrdi`, sbom de hdoñidom e` amipdos`abño m ld e`s amipdos`abmods (mrqud pudldo sdr

2<

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28

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

v`rb`s), m de ld uo` vma`abño s`adrlmt`e m rdebfbms` m uo` vbrfbobl`l pmr de [dbom vbvbl` smem fr`ab`s ` dst`s dstr`tdfb`s ldhdo sbv`s. Zmr em t`otm, lâkbe, vueodr`ked, boabdrt` y dstârbe, pmam `p` sbmo`l` y idoms `þo `i`l`, dsa`s`idotd ardéked d boa`p`z ld `osibtbr omst`efb` ld Lbms, eedo` ld amiprmibsms y hesdl`lds,

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QDO\BLM R [QZMOQ@KBEBL@L LD T DQAÀOL@EM

smpmrt`l` amim edy y subl` amim i`elbabño, a`otus brius  uo` omt` lbsamrl`otd qud `ubo` de amoabdrtm.

Qb qudrdims a`pt`r de vdrl`ldrm sdotblm ld dstd dsaàol`em qud g` amovuesbmo`lm ` e` Bfedsb` (`uoqud (`uoqud om ldi`sb`lm, d  r` ld ems id` au` bobab`eds) y t`ikbâo e`s rdspmos`kbebl`lds  uetdrbmrds, pmr uo` p`rtd p`r td gdims ld prmolbz`r pr molbz`r do de `oàebsbs ` oàebsbs y,  pmr mtr`, `ipeb`rem. Om sd tr`t`, pmr supudstm, ld sdr pdsbibst`s (y` g`y ldi` sb`lm pdsbibsim, t`ikbâo aedrba`e, ` pds`r lde p`p` Hr`oabsam), ob ld a`dr do de imr`ebsim (boda`z pmr het` ld `ei`, pdrm t`o lbabe ld dxtbofubr), ob ld dst`kedadr bodxbstdotds amodxbmods do  trd adebk`tm y ldtdribo`l`s ldkbebl`lds sdxu`eds0 m ld amovdrtbr de adebk`tm do sé do de adotrm lde ldk`td m e` a`us` ld tmlms ems lds`strds prdskbtdr`eds. Qd Q d tr`t`, iàs kbdo, ld tdodr e` v`edoté` ld mksdrv`r e` rd`ebl`l, e` rd`ebl`l ld e` vbl` ld t`otms s`adrlmtds, ,

amos`fr`lms y amos`fr`l`s do e` Bfedsb`, iàs `eeà ld ems a`sms  -ebibt`lms ouiârba`idotd- ld ems dsaàol`ems, y t`ikbâo de am  r`nd ld eddr do prmolbl`l dds` s` rd`ebl`l, iàs `eeà `eeà ld e` mksdrv`o ab` dxtd`, sbo amotdot`ms amo amot`r ems a`sms ld `kusms y `edfr`ms pmrqud dstâo lbsibouydolm sbfoba`tbv`idotd. 0. Qd s`kd, pmr dndipem, qud ad adebk`tm ebk`tm y pdlme pdlmeb` b` om dstào botréosda`idot botréosda`idotdd uoblms amim a`us` y datm. Ld gdagm, e` i`ymré` ld ems pdlñems smo pdrsmo`s a`s`l`s y amo gbnms R pmr em qud sd rddrd ` aeârbfms, p`rdad qud `kuol`o iàs ems a`sms dotrd qubdods om dstào mkebf`lms `e adebk`tm, amim do e`s amiuobl`lds  prmtdst`otds Ah. F I`ragdsb, E` Agbds` A`ttmeba` odfeb Qt`tb Tobtb samss` l`eem  sa`ol`em ldee` pdmheb`> pdmheb`> E` Abvbet A`ttmeba` ; (;::;) «½Oms `vdrfmoz`ims rd`eidotd ld dstms dsaàol`ems ld s`adrlmtds, ld mkbspms, ld e`ams=³ (Gmieé` do Q`ot` It`, 08 ld dodrm do drm ld ;: do dstms suadsms amipednms g`y rdspmos`kbebl`l bolbvblu`e y t`ikbâo amiuobt`  rb`3 iàs `þo, nust`idotd pmrqud pmrqud ldsaukrm qud qud g`y uo prmkedi` auetur`e, y pmr t`otm ld tmlms, id vdm boabt`lm y mkebf`lm ld `e fuo` i`odr` ` rdamomadr y ldsaukrbr amo prdabsbño ib rdspmos`  kbebl`l bolbvblu`e, bolbvblu`e, ib `pmr`abño pdrsmo`e3 ds dabr, amiprdolm  uoblms de amolbabmo`ibdotm amolbabmo`ibdotm qud p`ldzam p`ldzam y de qud prmluzam. Do rd`ebl`l ds em qud y` gdims `ri`lm bipeéabt`idotd do de `p`r`lm `otdrbmr, m uo` amosdaudoab` boidlb`t` ld deem> de p`sm ld e` `osfrdsbño bolbvblu`e ` e` auetr` lde dsaàol`em sdxu`e bipeba` pmr su prmpb` o`tr`edz` de p`sm amrrdspmolbdotd  ld e` rdspmos`kbebl`l lde bolbvblum ` e` lde frum. R dstm pmrqud e` auetur` e` ard`ims bodvbt`kedidotd dotrd tmlms. A`l` uom g`ad su `pmr`abño do `efþo `spdatm ld e` ri`abño lde aeàsbam trbào fuem idot`ebl`l idot`ebl`l - sdosbkbebl`l sdosbkbebl`l  pr`xbs dxbstdoab`e.

eéod`, sdp`r`lms, omsmtrms, ems kudoms, ems drtds, amo e` `i`r f` `edfré` ld sdotbms lbrdotds³ 0: Qdré` uo` ld e`s edatur`s ldosbv`s ld ems dsaàol`ems sdxu`eds qud gdims ldsarbtm do de a`pétuem prbidrm3 uo` edatur` bosdos`t` y qud g`ré` `ksmeu  t`idotd boþtbe, iàs `þo, lmkedidotd rboms` dst` arbsbs. R sbo dik`rfm ds e` edatur` tépba` qud g`ad ds` i`ymré` idlbmard ld e` qud gdims g`ke`lm. \bdod sdotblm, do a`ikbm, qud tmlms y a`l` uom sbo lbstboabño  oms ldims audot` ld qud «ems dsaàol`ems dsaàol`ems om ardado ob i`lur`o ld rdpdotd, sbom qud sd bosdrt`o do e` gbstmrb`. To` gbstmrb` qud ds e`  oudstr`, qud rdspmold ` uo` eñfba` qud pudld eedf`r ` sdr  oudstr` eñfba`³  y pmr t`otm ib gbstmrb`, ib eñfba`, ibs amipdo s`abmods, ib pe`om boaebo`lm, ib amoabdoab` y sdosbkbebl`l im  r`e, tdot`l` ld nustba`r y ld `amiml`rsd, y qud amd de rbdsfm ld vmevdrsd bosdosbked ` ib vdrl`l ld aâebkd pmr de [dbom. Ldsld dstd puotm ld vbst`, dotmoads, e` prdfuot` ds> «½Lñold dstàk`ims omsmms, tmlms, t`otm de qud g` amidtblm de dsaàol`em amim de qud sd g` dsa`ol`ebz`lm ld âe, au`olm do oudstr` auetur` ld rde`abmods, do ouds`s dxpdat`tbv`s, do oudstr` rde`abño amo de Qdðmr, i`lur`k` uo imlm ld pdos`r em gui`om y ld vbvbr e`s mpabmods amoardt`s biprdfo`lm lde arbtdrbm ld sdr uo prbvbedfb` lm, ld mktdodr pe`ad m ld kusa`r e` prmpb` s`tbshaabño= ½Lñold dstàk`ims au`olm oms gdims pdribtblm uo` ebkdrt`l `rkb`rb`  pmr bolbvblu`ebst`, bolbvblu`ebst`, au`olm gdims gdims tmedr`lm m boaeusm nustba` nustba` lm de mevblm lde iàs lâkbe=³ 0; ½m au`olm oms gdims pdribtblm, do de àikbtm ld ouds`s rde`abmods, fdstms, p`e`kr`s, idos`nds, bosbou`abmods,, `sé amim do de àikbtm ld e`s amoluat`s prbv`l`s bosbou`abmods bolbvblu`eds, `uoqud g`y`o sblm sdardt`s m boaeus vbrt`eds, `a  tbtulds pmam pmam rdspdtms`s rdspdtms`s amo e` lbfobl`l ld ems mtrms m `v`s`ee` lmr`s ld su botbibl`l= M ld imlm tml`vé` iàs dxpeéabtm, amim  rddxbmo` F`krbde [bofedt do su borid `e Ze`idotm kdef`

•

0. ½Lñold dstàk`ims omsmtr omsmtrms= ms= «E` tdot`abño sdré` ldsi`ra`rsd, tr`z`olm uo` eéod` ld ld i`ra`abño> ` uo e`lm deems, ems qud g`o `kus`lm, ems ebf`lms `e  pmldr y ` su bi`fdo, ems qud g`o ldeboqublm3 `e mtrm e`lm ld e` 2. Oms rdhrbims ` uo` botdrprdt`abño psbamemfbz psbamemfbz`otd `otd lde p`s`lm amim «a`us`³ ld ems prmkedi`s lde prdsdotd, tépa` ld `efuo`s amrrbdotds psam`o`eétba`s.

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,

,

«@otd de i`e qud `efuoms s`adrlmtds g`o a`us`lm ` dsms pdqud 0M. E. Xdrlb, Metrd em sa`ol`em, 400. 00. Ykbl. ;. Ykbl 40;.

 

008

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms su`eds

Qdotblm y rdspmos`kbebl`l

 ðms, om pudlm ldn`r ld g`adrid dst` dst` boañiml` prdfuot`> ½lñold dst`k` ym au`olm suadlé` dstd lds`strd=³ Qb ds vdrl`l qud om dxbstdo dedaabmods bolbvblu`eds, pmr ié

 p`stmr`e ` ems a`tñebams ld e` Bfedsb` Bfedsb` ld Bre`ol` om lulñ do ld ae`r`r do omikrd ld e` Bfedsb` dotdr`> «Amodsm `kbdrt`idotd e` vdrfõdoz` y de rdimrlbibdotm qud tmlms sdotbims³ \bimtgy [`laebd, `otbfum i`dsm fdodr`e ld ems lmibob ams, audot` qud uo` vdz, do Oudv` Rmrc, de p`lrd prmvboab`e ed  pblbñ qud rdabkbdr` ` uo gmikrd qud `sdfur`k` `s dfur`k` g`kdr sblm vbm e`lm ld obðm pmr uo lmibobam y` lbotm, p`r` qud em dsauag`r` amo vbst`s ` `ea`oz`r uo` abdr` rdamoabeb`abño> «Z`sâ uo` gmr` ld bodm amo âe y su iundr, pmrqud âe om ldn`k` ld frbt`r> '¡G`s sblm tþ!. Dsd gmikrd y ym tdoé`ims e` ibsi` dl`l. Zdrm do e` âpma` do qud âe subñ ems `kusms ym ob sbqubdr` g`ké` mélm g`ke`r ld ems lmibobams. Rm dr` tmt`eidotd `ndom ` `qudeems gdagms.  R id sdoté tdot`olm ` frbt`red iàs drtd tml`vé`> 'Rm om tdo fm o`l` qud vdr do dsd `suotm, ½qubdrds dotdoldrem=³ Abdrt` idotd ds uo` tdot`abño, sdfþo de prmpbm [`laebd, amosbldr`ms `ndoms ` t`eds gdagms y om dotdoldr qud tmlms gdims amotrbkublm  uo pmam ` ard`r uo abdrm imlm ld dotdoldr e` mpabño adebk`t`rb`, adebk`t`rb`, t`ikbâo uo abdrtm imlm ld vbvbre`, ld tmi`ms iàs m idoms do sdrbm de lmo lde do`imr`ibdotm ld Arbstm, ld botdrprdt`r e` lb idosbño rde`abmo`e lde aâebkd pmr de [dbom, ld nuzf`r quâ ds nustm  y quâ ds dqubvma`lm dqubvma`lm do e` prmpb` vbl`, ld amoadldms dvdotu`

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obi`s d bomhosbv`s qud sd`o, qud om bouy`o do e` ri`abño ld e` sdosbkbebl`l imr`e pdrsmo`e, t`ipmam dxbstdo dedaabmods m  `atbtulds bolbvblu`eds qud om bouy`o do e` e`hmri`abño hmri`abño ld e` sdo sbkbebl`l imr`e amedatbv`, ld e` amoabdoab` ld tmlms. \`ikbâo

`qué sd sbtþ` de eþablm `oàebsbs ld Xdrlb> «Do dst` gbstmrb`, gbs tmrb` abvbe d gbstmrb` ld e` Bfedsb`, Bfedsb`, e` vbl` y e`s ldabsbmods ld uom amotrbkuydo ` e` vbl` y ` e`s ldabsbmods lde mm> g`y amoabdoab`s amip`rbl`s, eñfba`s amip`rtbl`s, arbtdrbms amip`rblms qud sd amosmebl`o amo de tbdipm y om do uo imidotm, dstratur`s, deda abmods y hoñidoms qud pudldo sdr ld pda`lm m ld vbl`³. [dam omadr dstm ds bipmr`otd, pmrqud sb dst`ims gdagms ld uo` ibs i` rd`ebl`l amiþo, dotmoads «p`rbabp`ims ld uo` eñfba` qud  pudld eedf ` sdr bogui`o`³ , ds ldabr, de dsaàol`em vdrl`ldrm  pudld sdr utm, d boaeusm amosdaudoab`, ld dst` p`rtbabp`abño. 0<

;. «G`s sblm tþ³ Z`sdims `gmr` ` e` audstbño dspdaéa` ld ems `kusms sdxu` eds. Do de olm au`equbdr dsaàol`em dsaà ol`em sdxu`e lde aedrm ds `otds ld o`l` uo` drtd sdð`e ld `e`ri` qud sudo` p`r` tmlms qud oms mkebf` ` ibr`r sdrb`idotd y do p`rtbaue`r e` a`ebl`l ld oudstrm adebk`tm amim dprdsbño ` su vdz ld oudstrm fr`lm fdodr`e ld amosbstdoab`, y qud bolba` y` ld `efuo` i`odr` -`uoqud sd` bo lbrdat`idotdlbrdat` idotd- su k`n` a`ebl`l, m qud dxprds` de imlm fdodr`e fdodr`e

006

04

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8

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eds Zmr ldsaudotms, ld subrdem gbem om pmr tr`osfrdsbño. dstm, rdtmi`olm ld e` e`sdvdotu`e prdfuot`s qud ldkdims g` adms mkebf`mrb`idotd, om pmldims dvbt`r audstbmo`ms añim g` sblm pmsbked do uo amotdxtm ld vbl` s`adrlmt`e y amos`fr`l` amim de oudsm, lmold tmlm sd pbdos` do oabño lde lmo ld sé

 y lde ardabibdotm ardabibdotm lde mm, lmold sd g` prmfr`i`lm uo e`rfm a` ibom ld i`lur`abño amo de mkndtbvm ld ri ` e` pdrsmo` p`r` qud tdof` ems sdotbibdotms lde Gbnm qud sd dotrdf` `e Z`lrd pmr e` s`ev`abñoo ld e` gui`obl`l, s`ev`abñ gui`obl`l, lmold tml` uo` gbstmrb` y uo` `lb abño mdado `e lbsaépuem y `pñstme lde Qdðmr uo` rbqudz` y s`kb

amim em vbvbims. To gdagm t`o vdrfmozmsm do su ldsvb`abño, do abdrt` idlbl` oms pdrtdodad ` tmlms y tmlms ldkdims sdo tbms rdspmos`keds ld âe. \mlms sbo dxadpabño. Hud dndipe`r do dstd sdotblm e` `atbtul ld Kdodlbatm WXB, qubdo do e` A`r` 01. F. [bo [bofed fedt, t, otdrvdotm `ee` Amiibssbmod spdab`ed ldee` A`idr` kdef` su! tr`tt`idotm lb `kusb sdssu`eb d lb pdme b` odee'`ikbtm odee '`ikbtm lb uo` rde`zbmod lb pmtd, bo p`rtbame`rd `ee'botdm ldee` Agbds` Krsd`s, ;8 ld dodrm ld ;:00, do L. Qagddr Odssuom tb ardldr. @kusb sdssu`eb odee` Agbds` Abobsdeem K`s`im ;:01, ;:4. 0  [dfom Lmauidotb 6 ( ;:0:) ;:0.

 

007

Dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds

Qdotblm y rdspmos`kbel` rdspmos`kbel`ll

luré` qud vbdodo ld em `etm, añim g` sblm pmsbked do lbagm amo  tdxtm qud qud abdrt`s `atbtlds y amipmr`ibdotms sd g`y`o l`lm sbo obofþo sdotbibdotm ld auep`. ½Añim g` sblm pmsbked qud abdrtms bolbvblums g`y`o utbebz`lm m botdrdt`lm de p`pde lde s`adrlmtd amim amkdrr` p`r` s`tbshadr prmydatms ldsgmodstms, lb`id  `eidotd mpudstms ` e` oabño lde s`adrlmtd, y sbo amoabdoab` imr`e= R iàs `eeà ld ems prmpbms `kus`lmrds, ½añim g` sblm pm sbked qud mtrms bolbvblums, ibdikrms t`ikbâo ld ds` Bfedsb` qud sbdiprd sd g` ims`lm adra`o` ` ems qud sudo, g`y`o pdri` odablm bolbrdotds m ldsamo`lms dotd ` e` ldsdspdr`abño ld e`s véatbi`s, m e`s g`y`o mkebf`lm ` fu`rl`r sbedoabm m, pdmr `þo, ` sdotbrsd auep`keds ld em qud eds suadlbñ=

s`3 m ` uo` bosuabdotd ri`abño gui`o`, imr`e, botdedatu`e y dspbrbtu`e do ems sdibo`rbms y do ems omvbab`lms³ 07 sbom pmrqud  pmlré` sdr sbfom ld uo oñidom tml`vé` iàs prdmaup`otd y fr`vd «E` pdlmeb` ds e` `lvdrtdoab` tràfba` d bip`at`otd lde ldstbom qud dspdr` `e sbstdi` ld v`emrds vma`abmo`eds au`olm om amosbfud bosdr`rsd amo ems lbo`ibsims ld e` pdrsmo`ebl`l  gui`o`³02 m au`olm om amosbfud amori`r e` pdrsmo`ebl`l lde ri`olm, m kbdo au`olm om sd ri` de d e amr`zño, amim lbré` de  p`p` Hr`oabsam. Hr`oabsam. R su ldstbom ds ldsfr`ab`lm, om odads`rb`idotd ld pdlmeb`, pdrm sé ld pdrdrsbño, ldfr`l`abño, boldadoab` ... M p`r` ldabrem amo ems târiboms ae`rms y amotuoldotds lde p`p` Kdrfmfebm, «ri`ims pdqudðms imosums, y ldspuâs dsms pd

\`ikbâo pmr dstm rd`ri`ims qud y` om v`ed e` i`obl`  gbstmrb` ld e` p p`tmemfé` `tmemfé` m e` ldsvb`abño ld au`trm aur`s mksd sbmo`lms pmr de sdxm, do amebsbño m do amoobvdoab` amo e` sdl ld pmldr m ld lmibobm m amo mtr`s odadsbl`lds prdpmtdotds y ldsvb`l`s> «To oñidom ld t`eds prmpmrabmods om sd pudld rdluabr ` uo` a`suéstba` ebf`l` ` ldsvb`abmods bolbvblu`eds³ 06 Nuotm ` e` rdspmos`kbebl`l bolbvblu`e, qud om pudld pmodrsd do lul`, ds prdabsm pdos`r a`l` vdz iàs do uo` rdspmos`kbebl`l amedatbv`, ld a`l` ibdikrm ld e` bostbtuabño, y do e`s «a`us`s dstraur`eds³ ld e` bostbabño do au`otm au` otm t`e do e` ard`abño m do e` tr`osibsbño ld ds` auetur` ld e` qud gdims g`ke`lm.

qudðms imostrms smo ems qud ri`o `e pudkem ld Lbms. Dstm id pmod e` a`d ld f`eebo`³;¾ . Ld gdagm pudldo o`adr pdqudðms imostrums au`olm dsms  v`emrds d bld`eds qud sd tr`osibtdo lur`otd e` prbidr` ri` abño smo «mkdldablms³, prmae`i`lms d boaeusm pr`atba` pr`atba`lms lms ...  pdrm sbo g`adrems prmpbms, m tdribo`o pmr rdluabrsd ` pur` `p` rbdoab` ( qubzàs dxgbkbl` amo dxadsms m `rtbab`ebl` `rtbab`ebl`l), l), m `at`o smem ` e` lbidosbño lde amipmr`ibdotm, m om amosbfudo pd odtr`r do e` gui`obl`l ld e` pdrsmo` y i`ra`r su bldotbl`l, ob dv`ofdebz`r ems sdotbibdotms y ard`r uo` sdosbkbebl`l `ldau`l`, ob bospbr`r ems ldsdms mdabdolm arbtdrbms ld nubabm ` e` amoabdo ab`, ob amovdrtbrsd do imtbv`abño lde mkr`r y do sdotblm ld e` ...;0  vbl`, e` vdrl`l, e` kdeedz`, e` kmol`l, de fmzm fmzm...

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1. Zdqudðms imostrums Do de prmkedi` ld ems aur`s pdlñems ee`i` e` `tdoabño do  p`rbaue`r de `spdatm dlua dlua`tbvm, `tbvm, puds `puot` ` e` a`ebl`l ld e` ri`abño bobab`e qud sd l` do oudstr`s bostbabmods dlua`tbv`s  y oms mkebf` ` prdfuot`ms sb dxbstd m om `efuo` ri`abño ri`abño pdr pdri`odotd do de a`ipm ld e` mpabño adebk`t`rb`, amo ems aubl`lms qud t`e ri`abño amipmrt`ré`. R om smem pmrqud dstd lr`i` dstâ `puot`olm ` «prmadlbibdotms bo`ldau`lms p`r` ldtdribo`r e` blmodbl`l ld ems a`olbl`tms `e s`adrlmabm y ` e` vbl` rdebfbm06. F. [bof [bofedt, edt, Botdrvdotm `/e` Amiibsbmod spdab`ed ldee` A`idr` kdef`, ;:8

002

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,

07. Kdo Kdodlba dlbatm tm WXB, A`rt` p`stmr`e ` ems a`tñebams ld e` Bfedsb` ld Bre`ol` Bre`ol`  E` Abvbet A`tmeba` 12;4 (;:01) 00. ;0. Lmo [mssd [mssdttb, ttb, s`adrlmtd psbamtdr`pdut` amo e`rf` e`rf` dxpdrbdoab` do e` rdaupd rdaupd  r`abño ld s`adrlmtds s`adrlmtds `bfblm `bfblmss pmr lbauet`lds lbauet`lds lbvdrs`s, lbvdrs`s, dotrd dee`s de `kusm sdxu`e, sdð`e` uo` a`r`atdréstba` amiþo do tmlms deems> `uoqud ems prmkedi`s y e`s gbstmrb`s smo lbhrdotds, su vbl` dspbrbtu`e dstà ldsebf`l` ld e` dxbstdoab` «Q`kdo g`ke`r `ld au`l`idotd ld su a`ibom dspbrbt`e, pdrm sus p`e`kr`s om dstà dor`bz`l`s do su vbl` pdrsmo`e Do rd`ebl`l su vbl` dspbrbtu`e dstà v`aé`³3 Q [mssdttb, Hrmi @ofdr tm Fr`tbtuld - Kdamibof ` Duag`rbstba Zdmped \gd Nmu mh Gui`o Hmri`tbmo amohrdoab` do e` Zmotbab` Tobvdrsbl`l Frdfmrb`, 8 ld izm ld :: «E` `lvdrdoab` ds ae`r` E` nustbab` ld e` Q`ot` Qdld bo tdrvdolrà sbe ibdlm sd` au`e drd e` amolbabño lde auep`ked Ldspuâs vdolrào sbo lu` e`s`s `aamods pdo`eds ld mtrms Dst`lms De p`p` ld e` ibsdrbamrlb` sukr`y` de dlt`elde QB om qubdr qubdrdd qud e` dohridl`l ldstry` tmlm de audm audm G` us`lm u s`lm de kst pm qud ems `kusms smo uo auetm s`aréedfm' qud ldn` aba`trbads p`r` tml`  e` vl`, uo` tdrrked msaurbl`l' Ds prdabs prdabsmm ldabr ouoa` iàs' ` uo i`e bosblbmsm tr`stm`otd,qubzàs smstdoblm pmr `efþo frupm ld prdsbño', boaeus  rdpmtdotd y tr`stm`otd, vma`olm e drzqud vdod ld em @etm. Ld gdagm ds odads`rbm dvbt`ramoaeuyd de QBqud de dsa`ol`em dsa`ol`em prm ma`lm  m gdr` ld t`e hri` ` `efuoms ardydotds qud ld e` Bfedsb` y lde ibsim dv`ofdebm'³  pudl`o eedf ` rdag`z`r ` Ls y `edN`rsd (QB, ;< sdptdikrd ;:0 Zsbamemfé` Qpbrb`ebt, Hmr i`zbmod 00 (;: sb dxbstd dxbs td uo` auetur` lde dsaàol`em, y amim amo sdaudoab` y dxprdsbño ld dee` sd l`o ems dsaàol`ems, om qudl` iàs rdidlbm qud g`ke`r ld uo` rdspmos`kbebl`l amedatbv` do e`

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B[[DQZMOQ@KEL@L B[[DQZMOQ@KEL@ L ZD[QMO@E R AMEDA\X@

Id p`rdad qud e` prbidr` rdsbstdoab`, y om smem p`sbv`, `ha  t` ` uo puotm domrididotd bipmrt`otd p`r` qud de suadsm ld ems dsaàol`ems sd tr`osrid do uo` mpmrtuobl`l ld ardabibdotm. Dsd puotm `e qud id dstmy rdrbdolm ds e` rdspmos`kbebl`l do  td ` ems ems ibsims dsaàol`ems. B.

E` prdsuoabño ld ems «pus³

Zrdv`edad tml`vé` e` vbdn` y pdrsbstdotd bld` ld qud g`o sblm  t`o smem uoms pmams ems qud sd g`o i`oag`lm amo dstms gmrrb  keds ldebtms, qud smo iàs m idoms auep`keds ld deem y qud ldkd  rào sdr a`stbf`lms amo rbfmr, rdspmolbdolm pdrsmo`eidotd pmr em qud g`o gdagm, `sé amim pmr de bonustm ldsarâlbtm qud g`o a`us`lm ` tmlm de dst`idotm ld ems aeârbfms y, iàs do fdodr`e, `  tml` e` bostbtuabño daedsb`e.

014

 

016

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ om g` a`ikb`lm tml`vé`

 hmri`abño ld ds` auetur`. Dstm om lbsibouyd do `ksmeutm, pmr supudstm, e` rdspmos`kbebl`l pdrsmo`e ld qubdo sd g` i`oag`lm amo t`eds `atms. Lbagm ld mtr` i`odr`, ems vdrfmozmsms y lds  prdab`keds `kusms sdxu`eds ld l d `efuoms smo dhdatm ld e` idlbmarbl`l fdodr`e ld tmlms do lbrdotds obvdeds. R ds prdabs`idotd dstm em qud `efuoms om qubdrdo m om pud ldo `libtbr.

ablbl`idotd qud `sui` ld uo` ri` bodquévma` su rdspmos` kbebl`l. R `u `uo o sbdolm vdrl`l qud `trbkuydo ` qub qubdo do g` amidtblm de `kusm auep`s fr`vésbi`s, t`eds amim e` ld g`kdreds ldstrblm e`  m g`kdreds rmk`lm e` ebabl`l y e` vbl`, `e ibsim tbdipm smstbdodo qud smem e` Bfedsb` bostbtuabmo`e pmlrà amoadldreds e` s`o`abño y rdp`r`r de i`e amidtblm. Ds dxpdat`tbv` y amo`o z`, pdrm uo` amo`oz` t`o tdoud amim uo gbem qud, ld `efuo` i`odr`, tml`vé` e`s i`otbdod uobl`s ` e`  y qud pmlré` rmi  pdrsd sb e` ibsi` Bfedsb` Bfed sb` om eds mdad uo` rdspudst` `ldau`l`  y amoardt`. Au`olm uom rdp`s` e`s lbvdrs`s botdrdt`abmods qud sd g`o blm g`abdolm ld dsms gdagms t`e amim gdims vbstm `e prboab  pbm, sd eedv` e` biprdsbño ld qud, pmr ldsfr`ab ldsfr`ab`, `, om dst`ims dotr`olm do dst` pdrspdatbv` rdae`i`l` prdabs`idotd pmr e`s ibsi`s véatbi`s. ¡Ds amim sb de frbtm ld e`s véatbi`s om gukbd r` eedf`lm ` oudstrms mélms! Zmr dsm id `trdvm ` `ri`r qud, do rd`ebl`l, de dsaàol`em

018

;. E` dspdr` ld e`s véatbi`s Ibdo`s om dotrdims do dst` ñptba`, ems dsaàol`ems g`krào sblm do v`om y e`s véatbi`s g`krào sublm y amotbou`rào su bdolm boþtbeidotd. R ds botdrds`otd, trbstdidotd botdrds`otd, mksdr`r sus dxpdat`tbv`s do dstd sdotblm. Lâimseds e` p`e`kr`> «E` Bfedsb` id amostryñ y e` Bfedsb` id ldstryñ. Gmy vbvm amipedt`idotd sdp`r`l` ld e` bostbtuabño daedsb`e. Qbo dik`rfm, om pmr deem ldnm ld dxbfbred d xbfbred `efm dsdoab`e p`r` ib tmt`e aur`abño

qud e` Bfedsb` om smem rdamomza` sus rdspmos`kbebl`lds, sbom qud `ldiàs e`s ldae`rd ld ri` bodquévma` y pþkeba`, diprdo lbdolm ` e` vz uo` mkr` ld rdamostraabño d bipmobâolmsd uo` rdvbsbño fdodr`e³ (L`obdeed). «Odadsbtm p`z. R ds` p`z om id eedf`rà ibdotr`s om sbdot` uo` p`e`kr` vdrl`ldr` ld p`rtd ld e` Bfedsb`³ (Hr`o2mbsd). (Hr`o2mbsd). «Rm dspdr`k` qud e`s pdrsmo`s ld Bfedsb` tdolré`o amoabdoab` ld su rdspmos`kbebl`l dspbrbtu`e. R do d o euf`r ld dsm amiprmkâ qud em þobam qud eds botdrds`k` dr` amomadr de omikrd ld ib `frdsmr³ (Debs`kdtg). «To s`adrlmtd id g` lds trmz`lm e` vbl`. Dspdrm qud em rdamomzaàbs y qud g`y` uo` uo ` rdp` r`abño dspbrbtu`e. Gmy y` om smy ardydotd, pdrm sbfm vbvbdolm uo lr`i` dspbrbtu`e³ (I`ldedbod)0• [dsuet` domrididotd sbfoba`tbvm añim e`s véatbi`s ds  pmotàod`idotd iudvdo de am ldsld de bolbvblum qud `kusñ `k usñ ld dee`s g`ab` e` Bfedsb` amim bostbuabño, ld e` au`e dspdr`o lde. F. [bofedt, eotdrvdot m `h Amiibssbmod Amiibs sbmod spdab`d ld` A` idr` kdf` ... , Krusde`s ;8 dodrm ;:00 ab`lm pmr L Qagdrdr, Odssuom tb ardldr Abobsdeem K`es`im ;:01 ;: e` véatbi` od adsbt` mérem ld ems prmpbms e`kbms e`kbms lde `frdsmr³ Zdrm t`ikbâo oms doamotr`ims dotd ` uo` lbidosbño sm ab`e ld e` mos`. Do dtm, iàs `eeà lde `frdsmr dxbstd uo` am edatbvbl`l qud g` ldn`lm ` e` véatbi` sme` amo su lmemr. Pubsbdr` qud e` ndr`rqué`, ems s`adrlmtds y e`s amiuobl`lds arbstb`o`s tuvbdr`o de amr`nd ld bovmeuar`rsd do dstd pdrlño iàs `ipebm  p`r` imstr`r `sé qud e` rdspmos`kbebl`l om ds smem bolbvblu`e,  lde `frdsmr. Bosbstm do dstd puotm pmrqud gd omt`lm do iuag`s véatbi`s uo` fr`o ldsbeusbño y rdkdebño, pmrqud e` pdtbabño ld  pdrlño mab`e eds g` p`rdablm p`rdablm uo` sbiped ri`ebl`l. ri`ebl`l. Dee`s qubdrdo, do a`ikbm, p`e`kr`s drtds, qud ldsf`rrdo e` a`d y g`f`o gdrvbr e` s`ofrd. Pubdrdo sdotbr pmr p`rtd ld e` Bfedsb` uo bipuesm sboadrm. Pubdrdo uo` Bfedsb` amo de amr`zño s`ofr`olm  y qud om tdof` ibdlm ld ims`rem. Qmem `sé e` véatbi` pmlrà qubzàs pdrlmo`r. D boaeusm do dsd a`sm, amiprdolm qud om sdrà o`l` hàabe, `a` sm bipmsbked. Amim sdð`e` de smabñemfm Dlf`r Imrbo, p`r` pm ldr sdfubr vbvbdolm do smabdl`l, smkrd tmlm ldspuâs ld uo tr`u i` ld dstd tbpm, ds prdabsm «rmipdr amo de pdrlño e` a`ldo` ld et` ld gui`obl`l³ To` pdtbabño ld pdrlño pmr p`rtd ld ems `frdsmrds, ppdrm drm ¶t`i  kbâo ld tml` e` Bfedsb`3 pmr p`rtd ld e` `utmrbl`l `utmrbl`l suprdi` ((qud qud  y` g` tdoblm euf`r, y rdpdtbl`idotd), pdrm t`ikbâo pmr pmr p`rtd ld tmlm prdskétdrm y amos`fr`lm R qud sd` uo` pdtbabño ld pdrlño vdrl`ldr` y suhbdotd  om ri`e y sbo rdspmos`kbebl`l3  pdrsmo`e om pmr ldedf`abño. Qmem `sé sd pm pmlrà lrà rmipdr e` «a`ldo` ld e` et` ld gui`obl`l³.

1.

012

DE PTÉXMAM L E@ HM[I@ABÑO GTI@O@

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1

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Do ems þetbims tbdipms g` ardablm iuagm do e` amosbldr` abño ld tmlms, y dspdab`eidotd do e` ld ems bipeba`lms do e` r i`abño s`adrlmt`e y rdebfbms`, e` ldomibo`l` «ri`abño gu i`o`³. Dst` d i`otdobl` do e` smikr` lur`otd iuagm tbdipm, tbdipm, ` a`us` ld uo` vbsbño lde gmikrd amim uo sdr ol`idot`eido ol`idot`eido td dspbrbtu`e (y iuy pmam a``e), amo e` amosbfubdotd amoa amoadp dp abño p`rab`e lde a`ibom ld i`lur`abño. Zdrm, smkrd tmlm ` p`rtbr lde fbrm `otrmpmeñfbam lde amoabebm X`tba`om 00, e` ri`abño gu i`o` rdaupdr`olm de pudstm qud yedldsdqubebkrbms amrrdspmold. botdrprd @uoqud tml`vé`dstà om sbo `efuo`s boadrtbluikrds t`tbvms. Xmy Xm y ` amosbldr`r `qué t`o smem uom ld deems, pdr pdrmm qud id  p`rdad prdvbm Qd lbad, do datm, pmr uo` p`rtd, qud e` ri`abño gui`o` ds «ol`idotm odads`rbm³ ld tmlm de dipdðm ri`tbvm (Z`s tmrds l`km vmkbs «Ems prmkedi`s p rmkedi`s rdrdotds `e àrd` <

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`atbvm-sdxu`e tbdodo qud dst`r rdsudetms `otds ld e` dotr`l` do e` tdmemfé`, m `e idoms `otds ld e` `libsbño ` e`s ñrldods. Zmr ;. Zm  sb rdsuet` ld utbebl`l, qubdrm `ð`lbr ib prmpb` dxpdrbdoab` ` e` ld [bo fedt Rm isim gd amiprmk`lm qud e` véatbi` tbdod uo` odadsbl`l a`sb sba` m i= sba` g` sblm e` vbmedoab` subl`- ld mér e` pdtbabño ld pdrlño ld e`kbms ld e` isi` pdrsmo` qud `kusñ ld dee` @sé id em i`obst`k` uo` ld dee`s> «Rm smem  pmlrâ bobab`r ib a`ibom ld botdfr`abño ld dst` lmemrmsésbi` gbstmrb` do de imido tm do qud `qude s`adrlmtd id pbl` pdrlño³ 1 Ah F [bof [bofedt edt,, Botdrdotm.

E` hmri`zbmod ui`o` d e'dlua`zbmod `e kumo fustm> Qdibo`rbui < (;::1) 7702:4, y t`ikbo Hmri`bmod pdri`odotd lde aedrm amid, ` qu`eb amolbzbmob Qdibo`rbui < (;::4) 6:061:

 

0 e` amosbño dotrd de kbdo `p`rdotd y de kbdo rd`e lde `spbr`otd ` s`adrlmtd, dod e` prmim abño qud prdib` m fr`tba` `e sundtm lâkbe y su vdrl`ldrm kbdo3 de suym y de ld e` pmrabño ld e` Bfedsb` qud pmstdrbmridotd ed sdrà amo`l`. M e` amosbño dotrd de prmydatm vma`abmo`e ld Lbms, qud sd ldsaukrd idlb`otd uo dx`ido sdrbm y rdspmos`ked ld e`s amolbabmods lde a`olbl`tm, y ems nubabms supdab`eds y rz`l` idotd pmsbtbvms smkrd de ibsim8 ½Auàe ds de sdotblm sdot blm qud sd tbdod ld e` vmeuot`l ld Lbms y de rdspdtm qud sd ed iudstr` `sé= ½R ½R auàe sdrà e` rdspmos`kbebl`l qud `suido ems `utmrds ld dstd lbsadbibdotm, t`ikbâo ibr`o lm `e turm= ¡Auàot`s vdads do e` gbstmrb` vma`abmo`e ld qubdo g` amidtblm `kusms sdxu`eds sd doaudotr`o doaud otr`o lbsadbibdotms ld dstd tbpm! Zdrm ds iuy fr`vd y pdebfrms` p`r` tmlms dst` tdoldoab` `a tu`e ` e`s rdk`n`s, lds`mee`l` ` e` euz -iuy `ikbfu` y msaur` ld e` ldomibo`l` «`ofustb` vma`abmo`e³ To` `ofustb` qud sus abt` uetdrbmrds `ofustb`s, pdrm om vma`abmods, m ` em suim susabt` vma`abmods lbsardt`idotd `ofustb`l`s y `ofustb`otds

Em iàs fr`vd lde `suotm ld ems dsaàol`ems, sbo dik`rfm, ds de idos`nd qud sd `osibtd ` `vâs ld dstms amipmrtbdotms  y v`emr`abmods v`emr` abmods ibsdr`keds, ds ldabr, e` edfbtbi`abño ld e` id lbmarbl`l, au`olm om su a`omobz`abño. To prmadsm ri`tbvm do de qud sd eedf` ` uo lbsadbibdotm ld dsd tdomr amo a mo arbtdrbms ld `libsbño t`o `ed`tmrbms y ldsamoadr`otds ( do au`otm ` e` ib sbño d bldotbl`l lde amos`fr`lm) sbfoba` uo` ri`abño lda` ldotd, qud g` pdrlblm e` a`ebl`l y de bld`e, qud om dstà amostrub l` sdfþo de imldem p`sau`e, y qud g` pdrlblm ld vbst` v bst` t`ikbâo ` e` pdrsmo` amoardt`, de amot`atm amo su iuolm botdrbmr, e`  pmsbkbebl`l ld prmvma`red ` a`ikb`r y amovdrtbrsd t`ipmam ds  uo` ri`abño a`p`z ld amostrubr pdrsmo`s sñebl`s, ld amr`zño fr`old y v`ebdotd, ebkrd p`r` `i`r y ldn`rsd `i`r To` ri`abño ldabdotd om smem amovbdrd do omri`e e` id lbmarbl`l, `a`sm sbfubdolm de `sé ee`i`lm imldem ld e` «`utm `adpt`abño³6, sbom qud `ldiàs amosbdotd `e a`olbl`tm qud om sd dxbn` de iàxbim R au`olm uom om tbdold `e iàbim g` diprdolblm y` y` de a`ibom qud em amoluad `e iéobim3 om sd qudl` sbipedidotd p`r`lm, sbo br g`ab` lde`otd m g`ab` `tràs, sbom qud dstà ydolm a`l` vdz iàs g`ab` `k`nm «Au`olm uo` pdrsmo` m  uo frupm gui`om gui`om kusa` de iéobim, iéobim, m em pur`idotd pur`idotd âtbam, bfom r`olm de bld`e dv`ofâebam ld 'sdr pdrhatms amim de Z`lrd adeds tb`e ds pdrhatm (It 4, De àkme ld e` vbl`. G`ab` uo imlde ldhmri`abño bobab`e y pdri`odotd, I`lrbl ;::4).

 

0 Qdibo`rbui 1 (;::6) 764-2: dstms bolbvblums g`o `lmpt`lm ld ri`s lbstbot`s

tbeidotd, g`abâolme` `otbpàtba` y `etbv`3 m de qud e`  smpmrt` amo  pma` `edfré` y dsa`sm `imr, g`abâolme` pmam gui`o` y idoms `þo `pdtdabed, amim sb dr` uo` ldsfr`ab` m uo tmridotm, uo` i`elbabño m smem uo` edy (bonust`, ae`rm)3 m de qud sd `vddoz` ld dee`, `a`sm lbsbiue`olm su amolbabño ld aâebkd, ldi`sb`lm  prdmaup`lm pmr `p`rdadr amim imldm, amim tmlms ems ld

080

 uo` `atbtul gmstbe dotd `e ssdxm, dxm, amim sb gukbdr` qu qudd amik`tbr em, m em g`o ldv`eu`lm sbo g`kdr `prdolblm ouoa` ` kdoldabrem. ½Añim pmào do dotmoads tmoads sdr `utâotbams vérfdods m aâebkds pmr ddee rdbom ld ems abdems=

iàs, m imstràolmsd boa`p`z m tdidrmsm ld g`ke`r ld dee` dspd ab`eidotd ` ems nñvdods (¡de (¡d e imsm sbedoabm bipm lde esm aâ ebkd!)3 m de qud sd amotdot` amo ldhdoldre` lde iuolm tdot`lmr (y  vd tdot`abmods pmr tml`s p`rtds), dsamolbâolme` k`nm tbdrr` (ah. It ;4, ;4) m dovudet` do uo p`ðudem (ah. E 02, ;:) 18 \ml`s dee`s smo dxprdsbmods, lbrdat`s m bolbrdat`s, ld uo` `atbtul odf`tbv` dotd ` e` sdxu`ebl`l, eedo` ld lul`s y sms  pdag`s, `atbtul qud bodvbt`kedidotd tr`stm` t`ikbâo de imlm ld botdrprdt`r y vbvbr e` vbrfbobl`l, y e` vudevd dobfiàtba`. Ld gdagm, qubdo ibr` amo smspdag` e` sdxu`ebl`l (m ( m om e` kdolbad) om pudld dotdoldr e` kdeedz` lde adebk`tm, amim gdims lbagm, •

1. Xrfbobl`l dobfiàtba` Pubdo vbvd uo` sdxu`ebl`l dobfiàtba` smem pmlrà vbvbr uo` vbrfbobl`l dobfiàtba`, ds ldabr, boamiprdosbked p`r` e` i`ym ré`. Qdrà Qdrà boa`p`z ld `osibtbr pmr idlbm ld dee` e` vd vdrl`l rl`l prm ol` lde amr`zño gui`om, gdagm pmr Lbms y amo uo ldsdm ld `imr qud smem Lbms pudld s`ab`r. Om tdolrà de v`emr ld ldabr ` tmlms, sbo dxadpabño, qud do de amr`zño ld e` pdrsmo`, ld a`l` gmikrd y ld a`l` iundr, g`y uo dsp`abm vbrfdo qud smem Lbms  pudld maup`r, m qud de `imr gui`om ds sbdiprd pdoþetbim,  pdrm sb qubdrd sdr de ldkd rdspdt`r dsd dsp`abm vbrfdo lde mtrm (y ld sé ibsim), y n`iàs pmlrà s`tbsadr pedo`idotd e` dxb fdoab` `atbv` lde mtrm. Pubzà sd prdmaup`rà sbipedidotd ld tr`osi btbr ` tr`vâs  fu`rl`r su prmpb` vbrfbobl`l, pdrm sbo s`kdr tr`osibtbr ld dee` uo` vdrl`l bipmrt`otd p`r` tmlms, sbo emfr`r lbolbr ` su `erdldlmr pmr idlbm ld dee` e` omst`efb` ld Lbms. Qmo lbvdrs`s e`s ldri`abmods ld dstd dxtr`ðm imlm ld  vbvbr em qud ldkdré` sdr tdstbimob`lm amim uo lmo p`r` tmlms (`uo au`olm sd vbv` ld imlms lbstbotms). \dodims, pmr dndipem, de aâebkd prdsuotumsm qud p`rdad g`kdr  sdaudstr`lm e` bld` ld e` vbrfbobl`l, amim sb smem âe e`  pulbdr`` amiprdo  pulbdr amiprdoldr, ldr, amovbrtbâolme amovbrtbâolme`` do `efm dxtr dxtr`ðm `ðm d bipmsbked  p`r` ems ldiàs3 m ddee qud sd e` g` `pb`lm, amim sb om dr` y`  uo a`rbsi` qud ldkd sdr rdf`e`lm y «tr`luablm³ «tr`luablm³ ` ems ldiàs, y e` g`ad boldsab`ked y... dobfiàtba`3 m de qud  sd p`vmod` p `vmod` su-

ob iuagm idoms fmz`r ld dee`, a`pt`r de fustm psbameñfbamds  pbrbtu`e qud tbdod e` ebkdrt`l ld pdrtdodadr smem ` Lbms Lbms y, pmr em t`otm, ` tmlms. Zdrm sb om `prdold ` fmz`r ld su mpabño ld vbl`, dotmoads ldkd doamotr`r de imlm ld rdspmoldr ` e` dxbfdoab` o`tur`e ld ebabl`l lde sdr gui`om, m ld em amotr`rbm brà ` kusa`r do mtr`  p`rtd imtbvms ld fmzm, dotds ld pe`adr. Au`otm iàs `i`rf` sd` su str`abño amim aâebkd, idoms `tdotm `tdo tm dst`rà ` e` a`ebl`l ld ds`s «dotds `etd`tbv`s³ y `e puotm ld eedf`l` ld dsd prm adsm, ` lñold ed eedv`rà. Do dstd sdotblm, e` str`abño ds `efm iuy pdebfrmsm3 ld gdagm, ems dsaàol`ems sudedo dst`r prmt`fmob z`lms pmr pdrsmo`s ustr`l`s. Zdrm dst` ds uo` gbstmrb` qud y` gdims `prdolblm ` rdam omadr. Ds e` gbstmrb` lde pe`om boaebo`lm pmr de qud sd ldsebz`o a`l` vdz ` i`ymr vdemabl`l e`s amipdos`abmods qud do tdmré`  pdribtbrào «smpmrt`r³ «smpmrt` r³ e` rdouoab` ebf`l` `e adebk`tm, pdrm qud 18. Ah @ Adoabo Adoabo,, Xbobt  aebk`tm mffb. Zr uo` sssu`ebt p`squ`e, Km emfo` ;::7 17-12

 

08 ;   ; 

A`ikbm do i`rag` 084

do rd`ebl`l tdribo`o sbdolm a`l` vdz iàs bov`smr`s y fr`vds t`ikbâo do de pe`om imr`e, y g`ado bosmpmrt`ked e` rdouoab` y us`otd de adebk`tm. Ds uo` gbstmrb` qud sbfud rdpbtbâolmsd ldkblm ` e` het` ld amosabdoab`, rdspdatm ` e` au`e om p`rdad g`kdr `uidot`lm iuagm de obvde ld amomabibdotm y vbfbe`oab` dotrd e` amiuobl`l ld ems aâebkds pmr de [dbom Ldi`sb`lms ld deems vbvdo tml`vé` uo adebk`tm ld amipdos`abmods, m smem fr`ab`s ` e`s amipdos`abm  ods Qbo s`kdrem, ae`rm R pmr dstm ibsim, ibsim, amo dsa`s`s pmsbkbeb l`lds ld a`ikb`r y amovdrtbrsd

6 PTÂ DQ\À A@IKBN (@OPTD OM DO \ML@ OB LD E@ IBQI@ I

   : om ':

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Mtr` àrd` ld `tdoabño ds e` ld dsms a`ikbms qud p`rdad qud sd dstào prmluabdolm, pdrm om do tml`s p`rtds ob sbdiprd amo e` ibsi` botdosbl`l y amovbaabño> do `efuoms a`sms y `ikbdotds ld i`odr` k`st`otd ae`r`3 do mtrms, ` mipbamods y amo lul`s Do tmlm a`sm, ds uo oñidom pmsbtbvm qud bolba` de amibdozm  uo` oudv` amoabdoab` lde prmkedi` y e` vmeuot`l ld pmodred rdidlbm @uoqud ` vdads sd `td iàs ld uo` prmae`i`abño lde a`ikbm qud ld su rd`ebz`abño amoardt` @ dst` rd`ebz`abño oms  v`ims ` rdrbr `gmr` 0

DQATE@Q Z@[@ HM[I@LM[Q

E` ri`abño sd amosbldr` a`l` vdz iàs amim uo sdrbabm au`eba`lm y dspdaéam, qud dxbfd, pmr uo` p`rtd, uo` lbspmob  kbebl`l dspbrbtu`e m uo` abdrt` s`otbl`l botdrbmr botdrb mr amo sus amrrds pmolbdotds vbrtulds qud g`f`o g` f`o lde ri`lmr `efubdo lbfom ld amo`oz` (pbdl`l, mkdlbdoab` ` ems supdrbmrds, mrtmlmxb` lma trbo`e, amomabibdotm ld e` tdmemfé` dspbrbtu`e y iéstba`, dta), y  pmr mtr` p`rtd, uo` uo ` ldtdribo`l` `atbtl rde`abmo`e qud a`p`abtd `e ri`lmr p`r` amomadr `e mtrm, hvmrdadr su `pdrtur`, tr`osibtbr amovbaabmods ld imlm pdrsu`sbvm, amip`rtbr e`s vbvdoab`s, `yul`r ld imlm amoardtm y da`z do de a`ibom, dstbiue`r d stbiue`r ` ems v`emrds tr`sadoldotds amo de amot`fbm pdrsmo`e iàs qud

 

08;

A`ikbm do i`rag`

do rd`ebl`l tdribo`o sbdolm a`l` vdz iàs bov`smr`s y fr`vds t`ikbâo do de pe`om imr`e, y g`ado bosmpmr`ked e` rdouoab` y us`otd de adebk`tm. Ds uo` gbstmrb` qud sbfud rdpbtbâolmsd ldkblm ` e` het` ld

6

PTÂ DQ\À A@IKB@OLM (@TOPTD OM DO \ML@Q Z@[\DQ

OB LD E@ IBQI@ I@OD[@)

amosabdoab`, rdspdatm ` e` au`e om p`rdad g`kdr `uidot`lm iuagm de obvde ld amomabibdotm y vbfbe`oab` dotrd e` amiuobl`l ld ems aâebkds pmr de [dbom. Ldi`sb`lms ld deems vbvdo v bvdo tml`vé` uo adebk`tm ld amipdos`abmods, m smem fr`ab`s ` e`s amipdos`abmods Qbo s`kdrem, ae`rm. R, pmr dstm ibsim, amo dsa`s`s pmsbkbeb l`lds ld a`ikb`r y amovdrtbrsd. am ovdrtbrsd.

Mtr` àrd` ld `tdoabño ds e` ld dsms a`ikbms qud p`rdad qud sd dstào prmluabdolm, pdrm om do tml`s p`rtds ob sbdiprd amo e` ibsi` botdosbl`l y amovbaabño> do `efuoms a`sms y `ikbdotds ld i`odr` k`st`otd ae`r`3 do mtrms, ` trmipbamods y amo lul`s Do a`sm, ds uo oñidom pmsbtbvm bolba` deld amibdozm uo`tmlm oudv` amoabdoab` lde prmkedi` y qud e` vmeuot`l pmodred  rdidlbm. @uoqud ` vdad vdadss sd tr`td iàs ld uo` prmae`i`abño lde a`ikbm qud ld su rd`ebz`abño amoardt`. @ dst` rd`ebz`abño oms v`ims ` rdrbr `gmr`. 0.

DQATE@Q Z@[@ HM@LMQ

E` ri`abño sd amosbldr` a`l` vdz iàs amim uo sdrbabm au`eba`lm y dspdaéam, qud dxbfd, pmr uo` p`rd, uo` lbspmob kbebl`l dspbrbtu`e m uo` abdrt` s`otbl`l botdrbmr amo sus amrrds pmolbdotds vbrulds qud g`f`o lde ri`lmr `efubdo l lbfom bfom ld amo`oz` (pbdl`l, mkdlbdoab` ` ems supdrbmrds, mrtmlmxb` lma trbo`e, amomabibdotm ld e` tdmemfé` dspbrbt`e y iéstba`, dta.), y  pmr mtr` p`rtd, uo` ldtdribo`l` `atbtul rde`abmo`e rde`abmo`e qud a`p`abtd `e ri`lmr p`r` amomadr `e mtrm, hvmrdadr su `pdrr`, tr`os ibtbr amovbaabmods ld imlm pdrsu`sbvm, amip`rbr e`s vbvdo ab`s, `yl`r ld imlm amoardtm y da`z do de a`ibom, dstbiue`r ` ems v`emrds tr`sadoldotds amo de amot`fbm pdrsmo`e iàs qud

 

08<

A`ikbm do i`rag`

amo ñrldods ldsld `rrbk`, dta. Do dstd sdotblm sd mrbdot`o e`s iuag`s «Dsaude`s p`r` ri`lmrds³ qud sd dstào lbolbdolm a`l` vdz iàs. Em pmsbtbvm ds e` bld` ld qud p`r` sdr ri`lmrds om k`st` amo sdr kudoms, pb`lmsms, purms y pruldotds, ob sbqubdr` de om g`kdr l`lm ouoa` prmkedi`s ` e` `utmrbl`l m sdr uo` pdrsmo` dqubebkr`l`. Ds odads`rbm, `ldiàs, rdamrrdr uo a`ibom dspdaé am y au`eba`lm, uo` dsaude` ldhmri`abño p`r` emshmri`lmrds. Pubzàs, amim vdrdims, tml`vé` g`ad het` prdabs`r idnmr ems btb odr`rbms (g`y iuag`s dsaude`s amo mrbdot`abmods iuy lbrdo tds, pdrspdatbv`s y dqubebkrbms lbvdrsms, âohsbs y sukr`y`lms ld  v`rbms tbpms, y om tml`s ld suabdotd a`ebl`l). a`ebl`l). Zrmk`kedidotd tml`vé` om sd g` prdabs`lm kbdo de puotm ld botdfr`abño dotrd ri`abño amim `amotdabibdotm `amotdabibdotm ld fr`ab` smkrdo`tur`e y ld o` ur`edz` gui`o`, m dotrd tdmré` y pràatba`, dotrd i`fbstdrbm y dx  pdrbdoab`. R `þo sd ldtdat`o do dst`s dsaude`s dsaude`s dxadsms y rdlua abmobsims qud `at`o ` e` vdrtbdotd dspbrbtu`e-tdmeñfba` m ` e` tâaobam-psbampdl`fñfba`. tâaobam-psbam pdl`fñfba`. Amo tmlm, g`y qud `pe`ulbr `pe`ulbr de a`ikbm ld idot`ebl`l rdspdatm ` dstd tdi`. Zdrm gdims ld rdamomadr qud lbagm a`ikbm ld idot`ebl`l om `ea`oz` ` tmlms. o iuagms `ikbdotds daedsbàstbams (lbmad (lbmad s`oms m rdebfbmsms) de ri`lmr om dstà g`kbebt`lm p`r` sdr t`e, y ld mrlo`rbm `suid dst` t`rd` smem pmr pm r mkdlbdoab` y v` biprmvb s`olm smkrd e` i`rag`. R dstm (iàs `eeà lde iârbtm qud tbdod de i`lmr mkdlbdotd y ld su s`otbl`l sukndtbv`, y, pmr supudstm, iàs `eeà ld e` botdrdoabño `ksmeut`idotd ebkrd y smkdr`o` ld e` fr`ab` ld Lbms 0 )  p`r`lñnba`idotd pudld sdr pdebfrmsm ldsld de puotm ld vbst` ld e` i`abño do fdodr`e y, do p`rbaue`r, do `qudeems àikbtms do ems qud sd rdqubdrd `efm iàs qud kudo`  vmeuot`l y sd odadsbt` abdr` amipdtdoab`, amipdtdoab`, amim ds de a`sm ld e` i`lurdz i`lur dz `atbvmsdxu`e.

0. @ prmpñsbtm ld dst` botdrvdoabño, sbo dotr`r do uo `suot t`o ]ldeba`l y   qdo amipednm, pdriét`sdoms `e idoms mksdrv`r qud omi`eidotd ds Lms isim rdspdt` e`s edyds qud âe g` pudstm do e` ard`abño. ard `abño.

Puâ dstà a`ikb`olm

;

084

I@RM[ @\DOABÑO @E À[D@ @HDA\XM-QDWT@E

Do fdodr`e, y ` pds`r ld em lbagm do de `p`r`lm `otdrbmr, om sd pudld odf`r qud g` lds`p`rdablm uo abdrm rdadem y ldslâo, `e idoms do e` i`ymr p`td ld ems ri`lmrds y ri`lmr`s, do au`otm ` tr`t`r tdi`s rde`abmo`lms amo e` i`lurdz `atbvmsd xu`e. \`ikbâo fr`ab`s ` e` prdsbño ld e` auetur` `atu`e, boaeusm do oudsms `ikbdotds ri`tbvms y` om dxbstd de t`kþ lde l de sdxm. @e idoms do `p`rbdoab`. Dstà pmr vdr, do a`ikbm, auàotm boabld e` kudo` vmeuot`l vmeu ot`l `e idoms tdñrba` pmr p`rtd ld ems ri`lmrds do e` vmeuot`l ld ems nñvdods qud sd dstào ri`olm (y vbadvdrs`). Do datm, om g`y qud l`r pmr ldsamot`lm qud g`y` uo` lbspmobkbebl`l y vm euot`l dxpeéabt` ld `mot`r dst` tdiàtba` (dspdab`eidotd ( dspdab`eidotd au`o lm ds iàs uo prmkedi` qud uo tdi`). Z`r`lñnba`idotd, iuagms  nñvdods sdibo`rbst`s y omvbabms omv babms prdrbré`o de aebi` pþlbam ld tbdipms p`s`lms, au`olm om sd tma`k` de tdi`, m ` em suim sd g`aé` do e` amosbño y susurr`olm `e a`stm mélm lde amosmr, qud om dst`k` `eeé p`r` g`adr iuag`s prdfuot`s> de `suotm sd adrr`k` ` a`e y a`otm y sd odutr`ebz`k` do de sdardtm ld amo sbño, y do e` pràatba` a`l` uom sd e`s `p`ð`k` amim pmlé` pmr su audot`. Zmr dstm sd dqubvma` amipedt`idotd de ri`lmr qud g` ld ablblm `mot`r de prmkedi` sñem sb de a`olbl`tm em pe`otd` ld i`odr` dspmotàod`, qubzàs prdsuibdolm ld rdspdt`r `sé e` eb kdrt`l lde mtrm m dspdr`olm qud sd` âe qubdo sd ldabl` ` g`adrem ebkrdidotd.do¡@efuom dspdr`olm v`om! om em g`rà ouoa` y de ri`lmr dst`rà `eeé Ld gdagm, iuagms ld ems qud g`o a`élm do uo` amoluat` sd xu`e boamotrme`l` drmo do su imidotm sdibo`rbst`s m omvb abms qud n`iàs tr`t`rmo amo o`lbd sus prmkedi`s sdxu`eds, nñvd ods qud sbfubdrmo `lde`otd sbo qud o`lbd eds `obi`r` ` `mot`r e` boi`lurdz `atbvmsdxu`e qud `rr`str`k`o, ` vdads sbo s`kdr em deems ibsims, mtr`s vdads dsamolbâolmem tmlm y ardyâolmsd iuy ebstms. Zmr dsm ds bipmr`otd qud de ri`lmr `prdol` de `rd ld dotr`r amo ldeba`ldz`, abdrt`idotd, do de iuolm botdrbmr

 

087

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ dtà a`ikb`olm

 uo pdrbmlm ld tbdipm t`e qud pdribt` de tbpm ld `oàebsbs lde qud g`ke`ims p`r` ldimstr`r a`ikbms sust`oab`eds y lur`ldrms. Do ldobtbv`, dst`ims tml`vé` ldi`sb`lm adra` ld dsms lm emrmsms suadsms amim p`r` pmldr `ri`r qud gdims bovdrtblm ldobtbv`idotd e` lbrdaabño ld e` i`rag`. Zdrm t`ipmam t`o adra` qud om pml`ims vbseuikr`r qud `efm sd dstà imvbdolm  prdabs`idotd ` p`rtbr ld l d dstms suadsms y mn`eà ` a`us` ld ems ibsims, pmr a`iboms qud pmldims tr`z`r iuy kbdo. R dst` ds, do sust`oab`, oudstr` prmpb` `atbtul ld olm, ld e` qud g` p`r tblm dst` rddxbño. @ae`r`lm dstm, pmldims botdot`r eddr, sbo fr`olds prdtdosbm ods, dstd l`tm qud p`rdad ae`rm d boaudstbmo`ked, ` s`kdr> e` lbs ibouabño ld ems a`sms ld gmikrds ld Bfedsb` ldouoab`lms pmr  pdlmeb` u mtrms `kusms sdxu`eds. De oñidom p`rdad fdodr`e, pdrm `a`sm `efm iàs `adou`lm -t`ikbâo pmrqud dstà idnmr lmauidot`lm lmauidot`lm do e` Bfedsb` omrtd` idrba`o`, qud g` maup`lm de prbidr euf`r do dst` trbstésbi` y  pmam omked amipdtbabño. amipdtbabño. Do dsd amotdxtm daedsb`e e` i`ymr i`ymr p`rtd p`rtd ld ems a`sms p`rdad dst`r amoadotr`l` dotrd 028: y 027: 1  pmr  em t`otm iuagm `otds ld qud e` kmik` dxpemt`sd do e` mpbobño  pþkeba`. Ldspuâs e` eéod` ds ae`r`idotd ldardabdotd. Dstd l`tm ½iudstr` uo` i`lur`abño rd`e ldotrm ld dstd dst`idotm, `a`sm do e` eéod` qud gdims bolba`lm y dst`ims bolba`olm= Em prbidrm qud ym sukr`y`ré` ds qud g` g`kblm uo` idnmr` do e` a`ebl`l ld e` pudst` y lde `amip`ð`ibdotmhmri`tbvms, `amip`ð`ibdotmhmri`tbvms,

sb ems a`sms `ea`oz`o su àpbad do ems `ðms 6: y do ems prbid  rms 7:, ems `atmrds ld ems `kusms smo pdrsmo`s qud rdabkbdrmo su ri`abño dotrd lbdz y vdbotd `ðms `otds. Zmr t`otm do tbdipms k`st`otd edn`oms, `efuoms boaeusm `otds lde amoabebm X`tba`om . Dotmoads om dxbsté` ob sbqubdr` de amoadptm ld ri`abño gu i`o` (¡bi`fboâimoms de ld ri`abño `atbvmsdxu`e!) y uom  pmlé` rdamrrdr tmlm de prmadsm ri`tbvm sbo amomot`rsd ouoa` amo e` lbidosbño sdxu`e. L`lm qud ems dsaàol`ems sd rddrdo  prbimrlb`eidotd ` dstd pdrbmlm daedsb`e, pmldims ldabr qud sbo lul` g` g`kblm uo rdamrrblm pmsbtbvm ldsld dotmoads, dspdab`e idotd do e` prdp`r`abño ld ems turms s`adrlmtds, auyms da tms smo t`ikbâo pdradptbkeds prdabs`idotd do e` lbsibouabño lde oþidrm ld ems dsaàol`ems. To rdamrrblm pmsbtbvm qud abdr t`idotd om g` `ea`oz`lm tml`vé` de fr`lm ñptbim, amim gdims lbagm y sdfubrdims lbabdolm, pdrm qud bolba` sbo lul` uo` id  nmré` sdosbked rdspdatm ` e`s pr`xbs lde p`s`lm. Mtrm gdagm lbfom ld sdr ldst`a`lm do dst` dvmeuabño ds de `uidotm ld e` amoabdoab` y ld e` amiprdosbño pmr p`rtd `otd tmlm ld ems ibsims prdskétdrms. To `uidotm amo v`rb`s had t`s y do lbvdrsms àikbtms> do de amomabibdotm ld sé ibsims y ld e`s prmpb`s ldkbebl`lds3 do de ldsaukrbibdotm ld e` sdxu`eb l`l, ld su rbqudz` y t`ikbâo ld su `ikbfõdl`l, amo ems rbdsfms  y pdebfrms qud e` `amip`ð`o3 ld e` rdspmos`kbebl`l p`r` amo ems mtrms, dspdab`eidotd ems iàs pdqudðms y lâkbeds, y t`ikbâo  p`r` amo e` Bfedsb` do fdodr`e y p`r` amo e` amiuobl`l do doam am

 rdspdatm ` uo p`s`lm do qud pràatba`idotd dst`k` prmgbkblm g` ke`r ld sdxu`ebl`l y i`lurdz `atbvmsdxu`e. [damrldims [damrldi ms qud

idol`l` `e prdskétdrm. Qbo lul` qud do dst` dvmeuabño pmsbtbv` g` nuf`lm uo p`  pde dspdab`eidotd dspda b`eidotd rdedv`otd e` `atbtul iàs rbfurms` y sdvdr  pmr p`rtd ld e` e ` bostbt bostbtuabño, uabño, om lbspudst` y` ` adrr`r ems mnms, ` ldoldr sbdiprd y ` tml` amst` `e `kus`lmr, ` aukrbr, dotd  rr`r y kmrr`rem tmlm. R smkrd tmlm iàs `tdot` `e  subibdotm ld e`s véatbi`s, ` su aur`abño psbameñfba` y su s`o`abño dspbrbtu`e,  y t`ikbâo ` e` vdrtbdotd a`oño a`oñobampdo`e bampdo`e ld dstms suadsms, amo tmlm em qud supmod ldsld de puotm ld vbst` ld e` botdrdoabño lbrdat` d boidlb`t` ld e` ibsi` Bfedsb`, e` ame`kmr`abño ame`km r`abño amo e`s

,

1. Ems bovdstbf`lmrd bovdstbf`lmrdss g`o lmauidot`lm lmauidot`lm uo `uidotm ld ems `kusms do 028:, uo drd `uidotm y ldspuâs uo pbam do ems `ðms 6: y do ems prbidrms `ðms 7:, sdfublm ld uo` a`él` `ful` do e` sdfuol` ibt`l ld ems 7:, y qud amotboþ` g`s t` oudstrms lé`s De borid ` obvde o`abmo`e g` sblm `at`ebz`lm pmr de Nmgo N`y Ameedfd mh Arbibo`e Nustbad ld Oudv` Rmrc y dx`ibo` de pdrbmlm 24:-;::;, rd amfbdolm ems l`tms ld e`s 024 lbñadsbs ld Dst`lms Toblms. Toblms. Qdfþo de rdsuido ld ab`s, de oþidrm ld s`adrlmtds (lbmads`oms ( lbmads`oms y rdebfbmsms) rdspmos`keds ld `kusms ds ld <

`prdoldr prmfrdsbv`idotd t`otm ` amomadrsd do su prmpb` rd` ebl`l `hdatbvm-sdxu`e (e` i`lur``luet` y e` boi`lur`bootbe m `lmeds `lmedsadotd, adotd, boaeub boaeubl` l` e` qud pudld p`rdadr bomau` bomau` y vdob`e  e`s amipdos`abmods do su dst`lbm bobab`e), amim ` amotrme`r  dstd iuolm ibstdrbmsm, abdrt`idotd om p`r` `oue`rem, sbom p`r` g`adrem su `eb`lm do de a`ibom qud em amoluza` `e lmo ld sé ibsim ` Lbms.

07;

-@otd tmlm, uo amomabibdotm lbrdatm lde amr`zño gui`om ld sus rdaursms y ldkbebl`lds, `spbr`abmods y amotr`lbaabmods, dxbfdoab`s y dxpdat`tbv`s. Zdrm t`ikbâo uo amomabibdotm lde  prmpbm amr`zño, ld e`s prmpb`s e`s  prmpb`s boamosbstdoab`s `atbvmsdxu` eds, amo e`s rdspdatbv`s amipdos`abmods y e` sdaude` ld idotb r`s y amipmodol`s qud de amr`zño gui`om ard`, `sé amim ld sus pmtdoab`ebl`lds. Dstd prmadsm ld `utmamomabibdotm sdrà de qud ed pdribt` `e dlua`lmr fub`r ` mtrms ` rd`ebz`r de ibsim prm adsm ld `utdotbabl`l y ed bipdlbrà prmydat`r sbo l`rsd audot` su prmpb` rd`ebl`l (y `a`sm sus prmpbms prmkedi`s y n`abmods) smkrd de mvdo ` qubdo ri`. -Zdrm om k`st` de amomabibdotm ld sé ibsim3 ds bipmrt`o td qud de «ri`lmr do ri`abño³ g`y` pdrsmo`ebz`lm do su a`ibom uo iâtmlm qud ed pdribt` amotrme`r e`s prmpb`s boamo  sbstdoab`s, p`r`  sbstdoab`s,  p`r` om sdr dsae`vm ld dee`s, p`r` bipdlbr qud e`s amipdos`abmods dipbdado ` ldsebz`rsd pmr de pe`om boaebo`lm, amo e`s amosdaudoab`s qud y` amomadims (ah. (ah. a`pétuem ;). -Qbo dik`rfm, em qud rd`eidotd amovbdrtd ` uo` pdrsmo` do ri`lmr ds e` a`p`abl`l ld prmpmrabmo`r `e mvdo do ri`abño uo iâtmlm prdabsm m uo` bolba`abño amoardt` qud ed pdribt`

071

Do de olm, de prboabpbm ds iuy eñfbam> uo` `utâotba` ds aude` ld ri`abño ld ems ri`lmrds ds smem `qudee` qud uod e` prmvma`abño tdñrba` amo e` dxpdrbdoab` pràatba` smkrd uom ibsim (m (m e` dspbrbtu`e amo e` psbampdl`fñfba` psbampdl`fñfba`), ), y `amip`ð` rd`eidotd `e trm ri`lmr ` em e`rfm lde ibsim a`ibom pmr de au`e ldspuâs ed tma`rà ` âe fub`r ` mtrms. Ld em amotr`rbm, om  p`s`rà ld sdr uo botdeda`e qud lbsautd smkrd tdmré`s pdl`fñfb a`s m `e`rld` ld tdodr lbsaépuems, m uo bldñemfm bldñemf m qud sd ardd uo gmikrd dspbrbtu`e, au`olm do rd`ebl`l om ds iàs qud uo abdfm  prdtdolbdolm fub`r ` mtrm abdfm. ;. H[@FBEBL@L ZQÉPTBA@ R «ZMLD[ Q@F@LM³> TO@ ID^AE@ ZDEBF[MQ@

E` dxprdsbño dotrdamibee`l` pdrtdodad ` uo` abdrt` dspb rbt`el`l prdskbtdr`e tr`lbabmo`e, y do sé ibsi` ds amrrdat`> «pmldr s`fr`lm³ ds dx`at`idotd dsd pmldr qud v` uoblm `e ib obstdrbm s`adrlmt`e do au`otm t`e, pmldr, m idmr,  pmtdst`l s` ar`idot`e ld pdrlmo`r ems pda`lms, adedkr`r de idimrb`e lde Qdðmr, bovma`r su kdolbabño, `ouoab`r e` Z`e`kr`, `libobstr`r ems s`ar`idotms 0•  • Om ds uo pmldr ebf`lm ` e` pdrsmo` y ` su a`p`abl`l ld ebld`zfm, sbom ` e` fur` lde s`adrlmtd, uo pm ldr qud vbdod ld em `etm amim uo` p`rtbabp`abño do de pmldr lde  þobam s`adrlmtd qud ds Ndsþs, de Q`ev`lmr, y sbo mevbl`r ouoa`, `lvbdrtd Nu`o Z`kem 00, qud au`olm g`ke`ims ld pmtdst`l s`ar` 0. De p`p` r`oabsam `lv `lvbdrtd bdrtd qud om g`y qu qudd bldotbha`r ldi`sb`lm ldi`sb`lm e` pmtds t`l s`ar`idot`e amo de pmldr (Dv`ofdebb f`ulbui, 0: «Em rdyds ld e`s o`abmods dndrado su lmibobm smkrd dee`s, y ems qud tbdodo `utmrbl`l rdabkdo de omikrd ld kbdogdagmrds. Zdrm vmsmtrms om ldkâbs prmadldr ld dst` i`odr`. Dotrd vmsmtms de iàs bipmr t`otd g` ld sdr amim de idomr, y de qud i`ol` amim de qud sbrd³ (E ;;, ;4;8). Do de pe`om tdmeñfbam, puds, e` dxprdsbño dstà ae`r` y su sdotblm ds `ksmeut`idotd `adpt`ked. De prmkedi` o`ad do de pe`om psbameñfbam, mkvb`idotd om ld imlm odads`rbm, sbom au`olm e`s lms rd`ebl`lds, em e m s`fr`lm y de  pmldr, sd doaudotr`o doaudotr`o do pdrsmo`ebl`lds pdrsmo`ebl`lds p`rtbaue`rds, p`rtbaue`rds, do `efuoms  nñvdods qud sd sbdotdo sbdotdo ee`i`lms ee`i`lms `e s`adrlma s`adrlmabm bm pdrm qud smo k`s t`otd àfbeds, amo uo` bldotbl`l lâkbe m amo uo` pdradpabño ld sé om suabdotdidotd pmsbtbv`, `a`sm amo dsa`s`s pmsbkbebl`lds ld rd`ebz`abño do e` vbl` sdaue`r, tdidrmsms ld `mot`r e` dxbs tdoab` omri`e (sdotbidot`e, hibeb`r, prmsbmo`e, rde`abmo`e) amo sus euag`s y lbauet`lds, nñvdods qud `a`sm pdrabkdo de rme  prdskbtdr`e amim amim uo` vé` ld `utm`ri`abño `utm`ri`abño y ld rdv`oag`, `efm qud pmlré` sdr `aadsbked ldsld sus au`ebl`lds y qud, `e ibsim tbdipm, amostbtubré` uo` dotd ld prdstbfbm y ld trbuo, qubzàs boaeusm ld pmldr y lmibobm. \`eds a`olbl`tms om smo odads`rb` idotd amosabdotds ld dst` `atbtul (`otb)vma`abmo`e3 ( `otb)vma`abmo`e3 `e amotr`rbm, ld mrlbo`rbm om s`kdo em qud qubdrdo y sudð`o, ob e` imtbv`abño rd`e qud iudvd sus vmeuot`lds y `efuoms ld sus sudðms. \`i  pmam sbfoba` qud t` pdrspdatbv` m dxpdat`tbv` amostbtuy` su  þobam imtbvm p`r` `kr`z`r dstd tbpm ld vbl`, y iuagm idoms qud om pudl` sdr purba`l`. ;. Nu`o Z`k Z`kem em BB Agrbsthldeds e`bab,  1: ld lbabdikrd ld ld 0277 «Om sd pudldo eedo`r ems sdibo`r bms ` k`sd ld au`edsqubdr` tbpms ld imtbv`abmods, y iuagm idoms sb tbdodo qud vdr amo bosdfurbl`l `hatbv` amo kþsqudl` ld pmldr ld femrb` gui`o` m kbdodst`r damoñibam³ (Dv`ofdebb f`ulbui, 0:6) do e` ri`abño bobab`e gdims ld `mot`r ` a`r` ldsaukbdr` de prmkedi` ld e` sdxu` ebl`l, do tml` su vdrl`l, sbo ibdlms boþtbeds m pulmrds dst  pblms, sbo amipednms a mipednms l ldd borbmrbl`l dotd ` uo pdos`ibdotm lmibo`otd qud sd kure` ld e` prdtdosbño ld ol`r de lbsaursm smkrd de l`tm mkndtbvm y vdrl`ldrm, y qud obdf` e` dxbstdoab` ld  uo mrlm sdxu`ebt`tbs. To imtbvm iàs p`r` prmpmod prmpmodrr uo v`emr om smem ldsld uo puotm ld vbst` imr`e y dspbrbtu`e, sbom t`ikbâo `otrmpmeñfbampsbameñfbam, imstr`olm e` amovdrfdoab` dotrd e`s lbvdrs`s pdrspdatbv`s do uo i`ram ld ri`abño botdfr`e y v` ebdotd, do uo btbodr`rbm ld `amip`ð`ibdotm amo ri`lmrds sbo amipednms y do p`z amo su prmpb` sdxu`ebl`l.

sdr `i`lm iàs qud obofþo mm. m m. Zdrm t`ikbâo pmr mm imtbvm om do de sdotblm ld qud de aâebkd ldk` -qubzà amo uo pmam ld  prdsuoabño- dxaeubr de `imr idomr (de gui`om) p`r` dedfbr de i`ymr (de (de lbvbom), sbom do de sdotblm ld e` mrlbo`t` lbedatbm,  uo dstbem `atbvm qud sd bospbr` a`l` vdz iàs do de ld Lbms, do su rlm lbvbom, pmlré`ims ldabr. Zmr t`otm, uo `imr uobvdrs`e, q qud ud om dxaeuyd ` obofuom y ds botdosm, uo imlm ld `i`r qud i`ob  dst` do e`s gbst gbstmrb`s mrb`s ld ems boabdrtms `imrds g gui`oms ui`oms ee`` smebldz  y e` ebkdr`l lde amr`zño l ldd Lbms, qud ds de @imr. Zmr dsm g`y qud dst`r iuy `tdotms `e imlm ld prmpmodr de adebk`tm, qud om ds sbipedidotd uo` edy a`oñoba`, uo` omked tr` lbabño gbstñrba` m uo` dxbfdoab` auetu`e, ob pudld sdr prdsdot`lm r`zmo`kedidotd sñem m smkrd tmlm amim rdouoab` vbrums` ` uo`

1. «Mrlm `imrbs³ y «mrlm vbrfbobt`tbs³ Bfu`e qud dxbstd uo mrlm sdxu`ebt`tbs, dxbstd t`ikbâo uo rlm `imrbs  y uo rlm vbrfbobt`tbs. Ems tr`t`ims nuotms p`r` om `e`rf`r ldi`sb`lm de lbsaursm, y em g`adims p`rbdolm ld e` pdrspdatbv` ld dstd þetbim, lde rlm vbrfbobt`tbs Dstd o`ad  prdabs`idotd ld dsd dqubebkrbm dqub ebkrbm do de `i`r qud rdspdt` rd spdt` y dx`et` e` prbi`aé` lde sdr, sdfþo e` au`e uo sdr ds t`otm iàs lbfom ld `imr au`otm iàs «ds³, au`otm iàs pmsdd de kbdo lde sdr, au`otm au`o tm iàs rbam au`ebt`tbv`idotd ds su sdr. Lbagm amo p`e`kr`s iàs sbipeds, uo` pbdlr` ds idoms lbfo` ld `imr qud uo `obi`e,  pmrqud amip`ràolmems tbdod tbdo d idoms sdr3 y uo `obi`e ds idoms lbfom ld `imr qud uo` pdrsmo` pdrsmo ` pmr de ibsim imtbvm. Lbms dstà do e` abi` ld dst` dsa`e lde sdr, amim de sdr iàs lbfom ld sdr `i`lm 08 Dedfbr uo prmydatm ld vbrfbobl`l (`i`r ( `i`r ` Lbms pmr doabi` ld au`equbdr mm `imr) sbfoba`, pmr t`otm, g`adr `efm `ksmeut` idotd o`tur`e y amgdrdotd amo dstd mrlm `imrbs,  pmrqud qubdrd ldabr `i`r iàs qud ` o`lbd ` `qude qud ld gdagm ds lbfom ld •

audot` ld qud de gmimsdxu`e, qud pbld qud sd rdspdtd su lbvdrsbl`l, do rd`ebl`l sud e` lbvdrsbl`l. @qué t`ikbâo e` pdrspdatbv` `ompmeñfba` `yl` ` a`pt`r auàe ds de sbfoba`lm bosarbtm, pmlré`ims ldabr, do e` o`tr`edz`, do de mrlm o`tur`/bs. 08 Quky`ad `qu `quéé e` `otrmpmem `otrmpmemfé` fé` tdmeñfba tdmeñfba`` `fustbob`o`

24

sdrbd ld rd`ebl`lds gdmsésbi`s  rdouoab` ` `uo` iundr ( m ` uo gmikrd, au`olm sd gdmsésbi`s tr`t` ld e`s amos``l`s), e` sdxu`ebl`l, `e `imr gui`om, `e a`emr ld uo` hibeb`, ` e` dx`mrlbo`rb` dx  pdrbdoab` ld e` p`tdbl`li`tdbl`l ... ...,, sbom amim vma`abño ` dst`kedadr do de iuolm y do e`s rde`abmods gui`o`s de dstbem `i`otd lde Dtdm `i`otd ld e` i`odr` amim smem uo aâebkd  pudld g`adrem, ds ldabr, uom qud g` rdouoab`lm (y dstd ds de sdo  tblm y de euf`r nustm ld e` rdouoab`) ` tml` tml` uo uo`` sdrbd ld rd`ebl`lds gui`o`s `tr`atbv`s y pmsbtbv`s pmr uo `imr iàs fr`old y sdfþo e`s a`r`atdréstba`s ld uo` vbl` vbrfdo pmr de [dbom. Dstd ds de sdotblm pedom lde mrlm vbrfbobt`tbs, uo` audstbño ld amotdoblm (m ld mkndtbvm m puotm ld eedf`l`) y ` e` vdz ld dstbem, ld `imr lbvbom y gui`om, ld drms y `f`pd, amim vdrdims iàs  t`rld, ld iéstba` y `saâtba`, l ldd rdouoab` y fmzm, ld smedl`l y amip`ðé`> rlm do de sdotblm ld uo` rde`abño mrldo`l` dotrd dst`s pme`rbl`lds, dst`ked y p`aéa` (`uoqud (`uoqud sd` tm ld uo a` ibom dlua`tbvm), sdrdo`otd y dxbfdotd 06 De rlm vbrfbobt`tbs qubdrd ldabr smkrd tmlm uo dstbem iuy  prdabsm ld rde`abño. •

06 Z`r` prmlbz` prmlbz`rr do e` rde`abño dotrd ems lbvdrsms obvd obvdeds eds lde `imr, ah ib mkr` Zmr `im amo `im do de `im Ebkdrt`l y i`lurdz `hdatbv` do de adebk`tm amos`fr`lm, Q`e`i`oa` 8;::6

 

027

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ l   dkdr é` é` a` a`ikb ikb`r `r

a) Ld e`hmri` e`hmri` ` e` omri` Qb de aâebkd m e` pdrsmo` vbrfdo ldkdo dxprds`r de dstbem lde `imr ld Lbms y ` e` vdz e` adotr`ebl`l adotr` ebl`l y uobabl`l ld Lbms do de `imr gui`om (âst` ds e` hmri`), ldkdrào `lmpt`r uo` omri` amrrdspmolbdotd do de imlm ld vbvbr e`s rde`abmods.  -Ds de dstbem ld qubdo om sd sbtþ` ouoa` do de adotrm ld e` rde`abño, pmrqud de d e adotrm ed amrrdspmold sbdiprd y smem ` Lbms (prboabpbm ri`e). R sb de aâebkd amibdoz` ` pdrabkbr qud `e fubdo em pmod amim adotrm ld su vbl` y sus `atms,  sd `p`rt`  p`r` rdamrl`red ` ds` pdrsmo` qud qu d «ym om smy de adotm ld ld t vbl`, sbom Lbms³. Ld i`odr` sdidn`otd, sb `efubdo prdtdold amostbtubrsd amim adotrm ld su vbl` aâebkd, prmidtbâolmed m g` abâoled smð`r qubâo s`kd quâ s`tbshaabño, t`ikbâo  sd `p`rt` rdamrl`olm ` t`e pdrsmo` qud «tþ om drds de adotrm ld ib vbl`, sbom Lbms³. Ds do de olm de dstbem ld Nu`o K`utbst`> «Âe ldkd ardadr y ym, do a`ikbm, lbsiboubr³ (No 1, 1:). @sé puds, sb de  prboabpbm hmri`e ld e` mpabño adebk`t`rb` (m ( m `qudeem qud ed l` ri`) ds e` adotr`ebl`l lde `imr ld Lbms y de amosbfubdotd tds td s tbimobm ld lbag` adotr`ebl`l, e` omri` sdrà `p`rt`rsd p`r` om maup`r dsd adotrm.  -Dstbem rde`abmo`e vbrfbo`e ds t`ikbâo de ld qubdo «rmz`³ `e  mtrm sbo bov`lbrem, pmrqud om ds de audrpm de euf`r ob de imtbvm lde doaudotrm botdrpdrsmo`e do e` vbl` lde aâebkd, sbom Lbms, y de ldsdm ld qud de mtrm dxpdrbidotd de `imr lbvbom ` tr`vâs lde do audotrm gui`om (dstd (dstd sdré` de prboabpbm ri`e). ri`e). Zmr dsm de aâ ebkd `prdold de edofu`nd ld e` ldeba`ldz`, ld e` smkrbdl`l ld ems fdstms y lde rdspdtm `e audrpm y ems sdotbibdotms ld ems mtrms. Âe  p`s` `e e`lm e` lm «rmz`olm³ `e mtrm sbo pmsddrem, pmsddrem , `rtd ldeba`lésbim qud smem sd `prdold tr`s uo e`rfm y htbfmsm amotrme amot rme lde dspérbtu  y ld e` psbqud, ld ems sdotblms y ld e`s `atbtulds. Amo iuagm rd`ebsim, dstà iuy `tdotm ` ems fdstms sbams, pmrqud smo sbdi

`tr às Zmr t`o t`otm, tm, sb eemm q  q u  udd l` ri ri`` ` e`  e`   vbl vbl` ade debk bk``t`rb t`rb`` d  dss de de    p  prm rm p  pññsbtm sbtm   ld ld   ds dst` t`ke keddadr  adr   r dde`a e`abbmo modds om do v  vbr  br tul tul l  ldd e e`` `tr`a tr`aabñ abño sbam sbambboost botb botb  v`, v`, s  sbo bomm l  ldde ``i imr   ld ld Lbms bms y  y d  dee ld ldssdm  dm ld ld a  ammi p  p``rtbr rtbr em em,, d  dootmo tmoads ads e`  e`  om omr r i` pd  pdll`fñf ñfbba` s a` sdr  dr à e`  e`  ld ld u  uoo` d  dsi siddr ``l` l` `  `td tdoo abñ abño  y  y s  smmkr bdl dl``l do ems ms f  fddstms  tms  sb sbam amss, g`st` `st` d  dee p  p u  uot  ot m l  ldd d  dsst`r t`r lbs  pud pudst m `  ` p  prd rdssabo abolb lbrr ld ld  dee deemms,s, p  p`r  `r ` o  omm `  `aatu`r  tu`r   do do a  ammot r`lb r`lbaaabñ abño

 prd idos`nd demaudotd ` su ldstbom3 s`kd qud uo e` a`d uodiuy iuagm iàs ld yemqud qudeedf` sd pbdos`, y qud fdstms  y amot`atms, uo` vdz pudstms do `atm, sdð`e`o uo puotm ld om rdtmm, y sb `a`sm sd v` uo pmam iàs ednms, y` om sd vudevd

02 2  2 

07

•

amo de prb prboa oabb pbm   pbm hri` ri`e.

 Dstbem tbem  r de`a e`abmo bmo`e  `e  vb  vbrf rfbo bo``e sbfo bfoba ba`,  pm  pmr r   þetbim, tbim, rd rdo ouo uoab` ab` ds ldab  dab , i imt  mt bv` bv`l` p  pmr  mr   uo uo v  v`e `emmr i`ymr  `ymr   y i y  iàs às `  `tr  tr `  ydo  ydotd q td q u  udd `q udee  udeemm ` em  em  qud qud s  sdd rd  rdoo uo  uoaab`. b`. D  Dss de de a  a`s `smm l  ldd H  Hr r `oa `oabsa bsam ld ld  @sés a és a u  u`o `ollm kds ds`` `  `ee edp edpr r mmsm sm, m de m de l  ldd \ ddr r ds` s` l  ldd A`ea ut ` au  au`o `o lm `  `kkr`z` r`z` `  `ee i  immrbk rbk uo  uollm, m m, m d  dee l  ldd qu  qubbdo do   lbad  lbad «om « om³³ ` `ee rm strm  strm i  ià à s gdr im im sm y `t rr `atbvm  `atbvm p`  p`r` r` l   dab  dabr « sÉ  sÉ `e iàs iàs lds  lds`f  `f rr `l  `   l `ke   d, p  p``r`  p  pm mld ldr  r   q u qt  udrd drdr r , iàs às   `þ `þoo,  p`r   p`r ` sd sdootbrs tbrsdd `tr `élm `élm   pmr  pmr   q u q ubd bdoo g  g u  ui i` o`ido `i dot  d om ds oo`l `l`` `  `tr  tr `yd `ydot d. D Doo ds` s` p  pdr  dr smo mo`` v  vbbrf rfddo `am amootda tdad `efm fm  dx   `m `mrl rlbo bo`r  `r bm d bo  boaard rdééke kedd, ppmmrq u  udd om ds «om omr r i`e³ e³ q  q u  udd   oo  sdr sd. r gui gui`om sbdot  bdot ` `tr`a tr`aabñ abño p  pmr  mr   uo uo e edp dpr r mmsm sm . D Dss u  uoo l  lmmo ld Lbms bms  ad adrt`i rt`idotd, td,  pd  pdr r m q ud   ud  p`s p`s` `  `  ` ` v  vââs ld ld   e` r  e` r ddoo u  uoa oabb`, m `, m l  ldde ds dstbtbem em   ld ld r   r ddoo u  uooab`, b b`, bot  ot debf ebfddot d - mr q ud   ud tbdo tbdod u  uo` o` i  immt bv` bv`abñ abño- l o- ld q u  ubd bdoo bo botdeb tdeb fdotd,  fdotd,

'

g` ` prd  prdolb olb lm  lm ` l   dabr  «om³  «o m³   ` e ` `tr`a  `tr`aabñ abño o bbostb ostbotbv  otbv ` ` prd  prdol  ol bbdodo lm pm  lm pmam am ` pmam pmam em  em s f u stm s y em  em  qu d  d `  `t  t rr`d ` `d ` Lbm s, dsd Lbms bms q  q u  udd

`i `i``  sm smkkrd  rd  tml tmlm ` q  q u  ubd bdoo s  sdd sb  sbddot d i  iddoms lbfo bfom ld `imr yy   am amoo   daud audoa oabb` dst à sm  smeem  y  y `  `kk`ol `olmo`lm `lm. Ds  u  uo` o`   ds  pda pdabbd ld ibe` be`fr m  q u  udd i u  uds dst t r` u r` uo` o`   vdz vdz i  iàs às añi ñimm u  uoo amr `zño zño l  ldd a`   dd  pud pudld ld   vb vb kr`r  am amoo e`  e`   p`s p`sbño bño ld  ld  Lbms bms p  pmr  mr   de de sdr g ui  ui`o `omm. ¡D ¡Dst  st m d  dss e` v e` vbr  br fb obl` bl`l! ] M l  lba baggm ld m   `` i  i``odr `, ssbb de de `  `i i`r aammim L  Lbbms ms,, sd sdffþo þo  sus sus `tr`a tr`aam amod odss y  y p  prd rd r doa oabb`s, `s, ds ds e e`` ri ri`, `, e e`` oomr  mr i` om p  pml mlr r à ldn dn`r  `r   ld ssddr u  uo` o` a  abd bdr r t` r  t` r ddo  o ooab ab`. Lbag bag` r ddoo u  uoa oabb`, p `, pmmr t`o t`otm, tm, tdol tdolrà rà  qud qud  sdr  sdr   pr ddsd sdot`l ot`l` ldsl sldd  dst `  pdrsp rspddatb  v`  v`  pms pmsbtb  v` v` sb  sb  om  q u  udr  dr dims q ud  ud p  prm rmll uz  uzaa` st r`a r`abño bño  m dsd sd l  lddsd sdqq u  ubeb bebkkrbm  rbm do dotr  tr d fr`tb r`tb a`  a`abñ abño R rdo uo  uoaab` q b` q u  udd pu  puddld ee  eedv dv``r pd  pdeebfrm bfrmss`id `idotd  td ` ppr r dab dab  pbt` pbt`rs rsdd p  pmmr ddee  hims msmm p  pe` e`om om  boa boaebo ebo``lm lm..

! 7. Ah. @ Adoab A doabob, ob, e  aamo mot` t`tt  tt m am amrp rpmr  mr ` `d o d o d/  d/d d rd  rd` ` zbmo  zbmob l b `bu `butm tm>> \r d Lb  Lbi ido s . >  >  Zsb Zsbaamemf  memf ` ` Qpbr btu` tu`bt Hmri mri`zb `zbm mod 0 (; (;: :: de mélm, e` vbst`, vbst` , de t`atm, e` vmz ... Ibe`frms rd`eds, pdrm t`ikbâo sbikñebams, imsr`olm e` odadsbl`l ld rdaupdr`r prbidrm em gu i`om p`r` qud sd `kr` eudfm ` em lbvbom. Ld e` ibsi` ri`, de dlua`lmr pdrspba`z, l`lm qud (ld (ld mrlbo`rbm) om pudld g`adr ibe`frms, ldkdré` `e idoms prdfuot`rsd amo abdr` rdfue`rbl`l, `otds ld mdadr amotdoblms> ½Añim dstào ems sdotblms ld dstd  nmvdo= ½Zudld vdr, sdotbr, s`kmrd`r, fust`r, dst`kedadr `utâotb ams amot`atms= ½Ds a`p`z su amr`zño ld `p`sbmo`rsd pmr em qud ds vdrl`ldrm y kdeem= ½Dxbstd `efuo` `tr`aabño qud ldsvé` sus sdotblms= ½Ds amosabdotd ld deem= R `otds ld o`l`, ½sus sdotblms dstào vbvms m ems dstà pdrlbdolm= E` rdspudst` ` t`eds prdfuot`s ldkdré` eedv`r ` `atu`r do uo` ldtdribo`l` lbrdaabño, bldotba`olm `qudeem qud kemqud` m  pdrurk` ems sdotblms ld a`l` uom p`r` bobab`r uo a`ibom `saâtb am ld prmfrdsbv` ebkdr`abño Z`r` prmvma`r y habebt`r dst` `tdoabño ` sé ibsim y ` ems `s  pdatms idoms i`lurms, ` ems amolbabmo`ibdotms sdosmrb`eds y e` sdosbkbebl`l, ds odads`rbm om smem bovbt`r ld uo` ri` fdoârba` `e nmvdo do ds` lbrdaabño, pdlbred m rdamrl`r `efþo tbpm ld imr tba`abño ld ems sdotblms (pmrqud do au`equbdr a`sm ed g`ré` kbdo

;:6

tdmré` (amimiàs ldaé` de kudom ld Emodrf`o), t`ikbâo em ds qud om dxbstd o`l` iàsh`esm h`esm qud uo` tdmemfé` m uo` dspbrbtu`ebl`l qud om emfr`o amovdrtbrsd do pdl`fmfé`.

;0 ;0.. Ah. Ah. supr` a`pétuem 1, `p`rt`lms 1> «Gàkbtms³ pàf 6;-6 ¡g`st` ems bostbotms sd sd g`o amovdrblm! Do dstd sdotblm dotdoldims e` ri`, y pmr dsm bipeba` uo` am rrdaabño ld ruikm do e` ri`abño.

l de Amrldrm `) E` hmri` lde Gm lde Qbdrvm lde Om id p`rdad qud sd pudl` l`r pmr supudstm em qud `a`km ld ldabr, pmr lms r`zmods. E` prbidr`, om pmrqud de amotdoblm sd` mrbfbo`e, sbom pmrqud do e` ri`abño bobab`e ds sbdiprd odad s`rbm sdr `ksmeut`idotd ae`rms `e bolba`r de puotm ld rdrdoab` lde prmpbm a`ibom ri`tbvm. R prdabs`idotd de puotm ld rd rdoab` om ds uo bld`e fdoârbam, m `efm qud ed pdribt` `e nmvdo

«eéqubl`s³, pmr uo e`lm, y ld pârlbl` ld ems em s sdotblms y ld dxtr`  vém ld e` sdosbkbebl`l, pmr mrm. Id p`rdad ud om g`y qud l`r  pr ldsamot`lm dstd rdamrl`tmrbm m qud pudl` l`r e` biprdsbño ld qud sd tr`t` ld `efm y` vbdnm pmr sdr sdfurm (em «us`lm amo sdfurbl`l³) do uo` auetur` amim e` `atu`e, do e` qud iuagms tm l`vé` smstbdodo qud sdotblms, sdotbibdotms y sdosbkbebl`l om tbd odo qud sdr, do `ksmeutm, mkndtm ld ri`abño, sbom qud g`o ld sdr vbvblms ld imlm dspmotàodm, y om bipmr` qud do iuag`s ma`sbmods sd dotbdol` «dspmotàodm³ amim «s`ev`nd³. ;;. Ah. I I.. Kdo` Kdo`s`y` s`y`f f - F. Qag Qagibt, ibt, E 'dpma` ld/d p`ssbmob trbstb, Ibe`om ;::4.

 

;0:

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ ldkdré` a`ik`r

Ds do dst` lbrdaabño do e` qud sd ldkd a`ikb`r, sb qudrdims dvbt`r de dsaàol`em ld uo` sdosbkbebl`l qud ouoa` sd g` ri`lm rd`eidotd sdfþo de amr`zño lde Gm mkdlbdotd, lde Qbdrvm su bdotd, lde Amrldrm bomadotd. Qdosbkbebl`l qud amrrd `sé de d e rbds fm ld pdri`odadr p`f`o`, s`ev`nd y prbibtbv`, prbibtbv` , om dv`ofdebz`l`,  y qud pudld eedf`r `e vdrl`ldrm dsaàol`em. Gdims g`ke`lm y` ld deem do de a`pétuem tdradrm, pmr em qud `qué smem `eulbims ` em qud ldkdré` a`ikb`r m tdolré` qud sdr boamrpmr`lm. E` vdrl`l ds qud om sd tr`t` sbipedidotd ld uo` psdulm auetr` amoardt` m ld abdr` psbamemfé` imld`, sbom qud t`i  kbâo oudstr` ibsi` [`tbm hmri`tbmobs bfomr` do e` pràatba` de  prmkedi`, puds om prdvâ uo` pdl`fmfé` ldlba`l` ` deem. Dst` ldkdré` p`rtbr, `s e` dlua`abño ld ems sdotblms, ld su hmri`abño, pmrqud dstms smo e`s «rbkdr`s lde amr`zño³, ems bostruido tms qud oms pmodo do rde`abño amo de iuolm. Zdrm om smem p`r` imrtba`r ems sdotblms (e` vbst`, de mélm, de t`atm m de fustm), sb sbom om  p`r` pmtdoab`r su o`tr`edz` rde`abmo`e dspdaéa`, p`r` qud oms  sbr`o do vdrll p`r` dotr`r do rde`abño amo em vdrl`ldrm em kdeem y em kudom, pudstm qud dstào «a`ebkr`lms³ «a`ebkr`lms³ sdfþo dst`s lb idosbmods ld e` vbl`. M p`r` `suibr e` ibsi` iml`ebl`l sdo smrb`e ld Ndsþs, su blâotbam imlm ld vdr, ibr`r, rde`abmo`rsd, tma`r, amip`ldadr, `prdab`, ` prdab`, `a`rbab`r... Ld gdagm, ems sdotblms om sd ri`o `utmiàtba`idotd, y sb om sd amomado m sd ldn`o ` su sudrtd su drtd m qud sd outr`o ld au`equbdr «`ebidotm³, lds`rrmee`o gàkbtms ldsvb`lms m pbdrldo su prmpb` bldotbl`l y e` `tr`aabño pmr e` vdrl`l, e` kdeedz` y e` kmol`l ld e` qud gdims g`ke`lm. Ds dx`at`idotd dstm em qud sd mksdrv` do ems dpbsmlbms ld ems dsaàol`ems y `kusms sdxu`eds> do tmlms deems oms doamotr`ims amo sdotblms ldsvb`lms y ldsmrbdot`lms, i`e dlua`lms y i`e `ebidot`lms, mkdsms y amosms, qud g`o

Do sdfuolm euf`r, dst` dl`fmfé` ldkdré` prmvma`r do a`l` a`olbl`tm uo` sdrb` amosbldr`abño ld sus  sdotbibdotms, m sd`,  uo` `tdoabño amost`otd ` em qud suadld do su aamr`zño. mr`zño. Ems sdo tbibdotms, do datm, iudstr`o em qud smims y dxpdrbidot`ims `otds boaeusm ld qud em dxprdsdims. Zmldims (y ldkdims) amotrme`rems, pdrm om suprbibrems. Iuag`s vdads bipbldo qud oms sbot`ims qubâo s`kd quâ, y oms rdamoluado sbo iuagms ib r`ibdotms ` e` rd`ebl`l ld `qudeem qud rd`eidotd smims. Dsm, ae`rm dstà, sb gdims `prdolblm ` `ms do deems, sd`o kudoms m i`ems, kmobtms m ms3 sb s`kdims s`kd ims eddrems, sb smims a`p`ads d rdamomadr ld lñold vbdodo y ` lñold v`o, su r`éz y su mkndtbvm, sb ems vbfbe`ims, sb om ldn`ims qud `atþdo ` su `brd amovbrtbâo lmoms do dsae`vms suyms. Ems sdotbibdotms sdotbibdotms smo uo` dspdabd ld  gudee` lbfbt`e (m... a`rlb`a`) l ldd e` pdrsmo`, pmodo ld i`obdstm su fr`lm ld i`urdz iuagm idnmr qud sus `spbr`abmods m beu sbmods, iuagm `otds qud em qud âe pbdos` y lbad ld sé ibsim, qubzà boaeusm `otds y idnmr qud sus prmpb`s `aabmods. \`ikbâo do de a`sm d e` pdrsmo` aâebkd. Zmr dsm ds ol`idot`e prmpmodr dxpeéabt`idotd dstd `prdo lbz`nd y` ldsld de amibdozm ld e` ri`abño bobab`e. Om smem  -amim y` sd g` lbagm do e` hsd dlua dlua`tbv`tbv- `prdoldr ` ldsab`r  ems sdotbibdotms, ` bldotba`r su mrbfdo, ` omikr`rems sbo rm ldms (sb (sb dstmy do`imr`lm ds idnmr qud id em lbf` ` ié ibsim amo târiboms ae`rms, do vdz ld amot`rid qud ds uo` rde`abño bi  pmrt`otd y gdrims`, y qud dst` iundr ds uo lmo l lde de Qdðmr, Qdðmr, y qud su `ibst`l id `yul` ` vbvbr idnmr...), ...), sbom `prdoldr amgdrdo fr`ta`r `qudeems sdotbibdotms qud om amoluado tdidotd ` om fr`ta`r ` e` `utâotba` rd`ebz`abño ld e` prmpb` vdrl`l d bldotbl`l, qud ds e` lde GbnmQbdrmAmrldrm.

 pdrlblm su o``e vma`abño y `tr`aabño pmr em vdrl`ldrm, em kd ;1 eem y em kudom

 k) Xdrl`l amim bldotbl` bldotbl`l amim sdosbkbebl`l  R sb «bldotbl`l³ ds uo târibom qud ` uo nmvdo pudld p`rd adred `ks`atm y tdñrbam, y «vdrl`l³ uo` p`e`kr` boaeusm pmam `tr`atbv` gmy do lé`, lbfàimsed qud dstà ee`i`lm ` `suibr su ibsi` sdosbkbebl`, t`o lbvbo` y t`o gui`o`, su ibsim imlm ld

•

;1. Ds botdrds`otd qud ems sdotblms, qud oms rdibtdo ` oudstrm sdr gdagm ld «tbdrr`³ y ld rde`abño amo em hsbam y em i`tdrb`e g`ee su þetbim ldstbom do em tr`sadoldotd m do ems ee`i`lms `sadoldot`eds> e` vdrl`l, e` kdeedz` y e` kmol`l tr`sadoldotd

;00

 

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ ldkdré` `ikb`r

ldabr «Z`lrd³ y ld kusa`r su botbibl`l, de ibsim fustm ld sdrbr ` ems mtrms y ld e`veds ems pbds, blâotbam ldsdm ld eedv`r de pdsm

lbbom, sbom qud fbrd ` su `erdldlmr, `tr`élm pmr âe, p`r` qud de `imr lde gmikrd dstâ «do sbotmoé`³ amo de `imr lbvbom, p`rt`

ld e` s`e`abño ld ems mtrms, om smem s`arbaàolmsd pmr deems, sbom g`abâolmem amo ems ibsims sdotbibdotms lde Amrldrm. Qdr s`adrlmtd m pdrsmo` amos`fr`l` sbfoba` dstm dsdoab`eidotd, y sb om amluad ` dstd imlm ld sdr y ld sdotbrsd pmr ldotrm, ds mtr` ams`>  pur` tdmré`, m uo` k kmobt` mobt` aabño, m smem uo` prmsbño. Lbagm ld mtr` i`odr`, ds uo` audstbño ld `imr. Do datm, «sdosbkbebl`l³ qubdrd ldabr mrbdot`abño ld e` dodrfé` `atbv` do uo` lbrdaabño prdabs`, g`ab` `efm m g`ab` `efubdo qud maup` a`l` vdz iàs de adotrm ld e` bl` y qud ``d ld uo` ri` a`l`  vdz iàs brrdsbstbked. brrdsbstbked. E` pdrsmo` qud sd amos`fr` dstà ee`i`l` ` sdr a`l` vdz iàs sdosbked ` Lbms, ` e`s ams`s ld Lbms, ` su p`e`kr`, ` dst`r amo âe, ` g`ke`r ld âe, ` `ouoab`r su p`e`kr`, ` su `imr, ` sus fustms, ` sus ldsdms ... R pmr t`otm sdosbked t`ikbâo ` ems mtrms, ` qubdo dstà iàs tdot`lm d om amosbldr`rsd lbfom ld sdr `i`lm, ` qubdo sd doaudotr` smem m rdag`z`lm, ` qubdo sud y sd sbdotd boamiprdolblm, dta.  ds uo` sdosbkbebl`l qud, amim gdims lbagm do e` e ` prbidr` p`rtd, `k`ra` tml` e` vbl` y do sus lbvdrsms obdeds> sdosbkbebl`l rde`abmo`e, botdedat`e, dstâ tba`, imr`e, dsprbtu`e, pdobtdoab`e.. pdobtdoab`e... Imlms ld sdr qud o`ado ol`idot`eidotd ld uo þobam y ibsim `imr, uoba`o e` vbl`

ld âe, sd bospbrd do âe, rdtmd ` âe. Dotmoads suadld uo` dspdabd ld ib`frm dsd a`otushrius  pudld rdsmo`r t`ikbâo ddo o e` tbdrr`, dotrd ems boabdrtms `imrds gui`oms. G`y `efubdo qud em pudld amot`r y `ouoab`r, em pudld a`ot`r, em eedv` pmr ems a`iboms lde iuolm, em tr`luad do d o sdotb ibdotm gui`om, em g`ad vbsbked, `ulbked, dxpdrbdoab` t`ofbked, sdos`abño pdradptbked, `atm `e `ea`oad ld tmlms. tm lms. ½Añim= Id lb`otd su amr`zño gui`om y su sdosbkbebl`l edot`idotd dlua` l` y ri`l`. Dotmoads g`st` uo` a`rbab` dstà a`rf`l` a `rf`l` ld ibstd rbm y amiuoba` de `imr lde Dtdm. Dstd ds de sdotblm ld e` ri`abño `atb` ld dsd nufe`r ld em lbvbom qud ds de prdskétdrm y e` pdrsmo` amos`fr`l`. Pubzàs ` `efuom dstd edofu`nd ed pudl` p`rdadr ldi`sb`lm dspbrbtu`e m a`sb iéstbam. Zdrm sb ems dsaàol`ems sdxu`eds sd g`o  prmluablm, ½`a`sm om sd g` ldkblm t`ikbâo t`ikb âo ` qud g` het`lm e` iéstba` y de `emr ld prmpmodre` do e` prbidr` ri`abño uobl` ` su amrrdspmolbdotd pdl`fmfé`= M kbdo, sb gdims a`élm ` em iàs k`nm, ½om sdrà pmrqud gdims ldsaubl`lm em iàs `etm=

;0;

a) Ob smetdrm ob smebt`rbm sbom «a`s`lm³ 

;01

 y g`ado amosbstdotd ` e` pdrsmo`. Dsd `imr ds uo a`otushrius, de a`otushrius lde `imr ld Lbms. Idemlé` Idemlé` sukebid y prdabs`, ded`l` y smediod, am amim im uo gbiom adedstb`e qud smem ` ems àofdeds eds g` sblm l`lm a`ot`r. Ems gui`oms smem pudldo botubrem m sdotbrem ld ednms. G`st` de  puotm ld botdot`r amostrbr do tmm ` ds` idemlé`, omt` ` omt`, su aàotbam gui`om, amim uo amotr`puotm gdagm ld mads mad s y id emlé`s qud p`rtdo ld dee` y g`ab` dee` udedo, do uo lbàemfm a`ot`lm sdidn`otd ` uo nudfm ard`tbm ld dxtr`mrlbo`rb` kdeedz`  y `fr`l`ked `rimoé` ( de lbdrbidotm iusba`e). De sdardtm ld ds` kdeedz` dstà `otd tmlm do e` kdeedz` ld Lbms, pdrm t`ikbâo do de `audrlm dotrd e`s p`rtds y su `rimoé`3 e` amolbabño ds qud de amotr`puotm gui`om om sd `p`rd ld e`s omt`s lde a`otushrius

Tom sd amos`fr` ` Lbms do e` bl` s`adrlmt`e m rdebfbms`, amim gdims lbagm, pmr `imr ` Ndsþs, de Z`stmr kudom y kdeem,  y ` e` amiuobl`l arbstb`o`. Qb om dxbstd dstd lmked lmked,, þobam d bo tdosm `imr ` Lbms y ` Ndsþs, de adebk`tm sd amovbdrd do pur` amotbodoab`, m uo sbiped rdfbm, m uo dqubebkrbm bodst`ked, m uo  pdsm bosmpmrt`ked, m uo` edy bonust`, m uo tmridotm amotboum, m uo` i`elbabño rdprbibl`. De puotm adotr`e do e` ri`abño p`r` e` mpabño adebk`t`rb` ds y ldkd sdr, pmr amosbfubdotd, de ardabibdotm prmfrdsbvm do e` ebkdrt`l p`r` `i`r, amim uo` dxp`osbño `atbv` qud pmam ` pmam ldkdré` br lbe`t`olm de amr`zño y ebkdr`rem ld e` prdmauprdma u p`abño dxadsb` pmr uom ibsim. To kudo adebk`tm kbdo bvblm ldkdré`, pmr t`otm, hmrdadr ds` dxp`osbño `atbv`, amim uo`

 

;04

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ ldkdré` a`ikb`r

`ipeb`abño lde ym qud tbdod uo` bodvbt`ked rdpdrausbño pmsbtbv` do de imlm ld dndradr de ibobstdrbm y de d e `pmstme`lm. Zmr de amotr`rbm, «auàot`s i`oé`s pdrsmo`eds, `rkb`rbdl` lds p`stm`eds, i`obpue`abmods `hatbv`s, bldmemfé`s, rukbabs ims ... tbdodo qud vd amo uo` vbl vbl`` qud sd g` gdagm a`l` vdz iàs `ofmst`, pdqudð` y r`quétba`³; «Om ds kudom qud de gmikrd dstâ smem³ (Fo ;, 07). ½½Qd Qd `peba` t`ikbâo `e s`adlmtd aâebkd dst` dxprdsbño= Qb om qudrd ims sdfub l`olm ` dst`s p`e`kr`s uo sbfoba`lm `kst`atm, `kst`atm , mks tboàolmoms `e ibsim tbdipm do amosbldr`r `e s`adlmtd amim uo` dxadpabño, pm sukebid qud sd`, tdodims td odims qud botdot`r a`p t` de sdotblm prmolm lde «sd dspmsm³ y «ldspms`rsd³. Nmsâ I`ré` [damolm sdð`e` doârfba`idotd, pdm ` e` vdz amim `efm p`r`lñnbam, qud «om ds pmsbked vbvbr kbdo de adebk`tm sb uom om sd om sd a`s`;4 ds ldabr, sb om `prdold ` dotdf` su amr`

eems`s (ldsa`osm, (ldsa`osm, s`eul, rde`x, mabm, lbvdsbño ... g`st` e` mr`abño  pudld do`r ld uo imlm `ikbfum do dsd dsp`abm dsdv`lm d botma`ked)3 ds uo tbpm qud vbvd de ibobstdbm amim uo `k`nm amo su gmr`bm, su sudelm y, pmr t`otm, amo uo` lbspmobkbebl`l ebib t`l`, y qud eedf` ` brrbt`sd sb `efubdo ms` bov`lbr sus dsp`abms s`f`lms m ¡ams` botmedr`ked!vdobr ` vdred sbo abt` prdvb`. Ds rd`eidotd amim uo s`adrlmtd ` idlb`s, om smem pmrqud  g` lbvblblm lbvblblm su nm`l` do tbdipm ld tr`k`nm y tbdipm ld `suotms  pmpbms, sbom pmrqud iudstr` y ldiudstr` uo` `aur` botdrbmr (uo` boamosbstdoab`)>  pmr uo e`lm, su bldotbl`l ssmab`e mab`e mhab`e3  pmr mtrm, su vbl` v bl` prbv`l` pdrsmo`e Amo uo dedidotm ld fr`o bipm`oab` qud i`a` e` lbhdoab`> su hebabl`l, de fustm y de  pe`ad ld vbvb om dstào do de ibobstdrbm, ibobstdrb m, sbom do de tbdipm qud ld uo` i`odr` u mt` amosbfud mk`r `e ibobstdrbm y dsdv`rsd  p`r` sé ibsim. Om kusa` ob ddoaudotr` oaudotr` su pmpbm fmzm do ds t`r amo e` fdotd, do sd de kudo p`stmr qud ds hebz dst`olm amo sus mvdn`s y ldsf`stàolmsd pmr dee`s, sbom do «dst` ` su `brd³,

zño y su vbl` ` Lbms y ` su pudkem;8• «Zuds om gdims sblm ee`

uot`ibdotm pmrqud Rm qudré` amipr`rsd dosdfubl` e` sdpuer` d o dedrds!. pdqudðm idotdrbm ld K`rkb`o`. ed smetâ uo` smomr` a`ra`n`l` '¡Puâ tmotm Zdrmad âe id rdspmolbñ qud amo dsd sbfom (e` sdpuetr`) qudré` sdotbrsd ebf`lm tmt`eidot d do e` vbl` y do e` iudrtd ` su oudv` fdotd. Qu dedaabño p`r` tml` e` vbl` hd boid lb`t`³ (E Ibe`ob, Zdrag ib g`b agb`i`tm= Edttdrd `b s`adrlmtb `ppuotb fbmv`obeb d uetbid p`rm/d dl. pmr I. Fdsu`elb Abobsdeem K`es`im ;:0 od vmfeb`im usabrd= NB rbsuet`tm lb uo 'bol`fbod 'bol`fbod sub s`adrlmtb bt`eb`ob @tb lde Amovdfom HB@Q [maa` lb Z`p` ;:-;; ld nuobm ld 0272

s`adrlmtd ldkd vbvbr «do'ldvmr`r, uo aebi` ld lbspmobkbebl`l ldn`rsd `ksmrkdr, `ksmr kdr, y a`sb pmramost`otd e`s odadsbl`lds y dxbfdo-` ab`s ld e` frdy³ (ZLX ;7). R Nu`o Z`kem BB dxpeba`> «De adebk`tm ebkdr` botdrbmridotd y dxtdrbmridotd `e s`adrlmtd, s`adrlmtd, pdribtbâolmed mrf`obz`r su vbl` ld imlm qud su tbdipm, su a`s`, sus gàkbtms, su gmspbt`ebl`l y sus pmsbkbebl`lds o`oabdr`s dstâo sme`idotd do oabño lde mkndtbvm ld su vbl`> e` ard`abño, do tmm ` âe, ld uo` amiuobl`l daedsb`e³10 Qbo dik`rfm, gdims ld ldabr qud iuag`s vdads de adebk`tm lde s`adrlmtd vbdod ` sdr amim e` vdrsbño s`fr`l` lde  sbofed imldm, m `efm qud `ebidot` de dfmésim edvétbam, m e` ma`sbño vmr`ked p`r` de o`abibdotm ld uo abdrm p`r`sbtbsim aedrba`e. •

1:. 1:. Ah. Ah. @ L`fobom, NB a`otbam ldee`dld, ldee`dld, Kmemfo` 0220, 4. 10. Nu`o Z`kem Z`kem  ,, Gmibe` do e` s`ot` ibs` ld e` @s`iked` o`abmo`e bt`eb`o`  smkrd «E` dspbrbtu`ebl`l lde prdskétdrm prdskétdrm lbmads`om gmy³, < ld omvbdikrd ld 027:

 

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ ldkdré` a`ikb`r

Dotmoads, ½quâ rdspmos`kbebl`l ed a`kd ` e` ri`abño do e` ard`abño m do de i`otdobibdotm ld dst` dx`ð` idot`ebl`l lde s`adrlmtd-smetdrm m lde «imosdðmr Qbofed³= Ardm qud iuag`. R em ardm ldkblm ` e` sbfubdotd mksdrv`abño, qud, pmr mtr` p`r  td, `ipeé` de `oàebsbs qud vdobi vdobims ms rd`ebz`olm. G`ad y` k`st`otd  tbdipm qud sd g`ke` g`ke` ld amiuobl`lds prdskbtdr`eds m ld ri`s ld vbl` amiþo dotrd ems prdskétdrms. E` lul` dstà do sb iuag`s vdads om sd tr`t` do rd`ebl`l ld uo rdpebdfud p`stmr`e, ldtdr ibo`lm pmr sbtu`abmods p`rtbaue`rds ld didrfdoab`. \`ikbâo iuag`s vdads sd `sbstd `e `a`sm ld dst`s iml`ebl`lds ld amo vbvdoab` qud sd p`rdado iàs ` «uobmods ld gdagm aedrba`eds³ qud ` vdrl`ldr`s amiuobl`lds ld prdskétdrms qud sd `prdab`o, rdz`o nuotms y amip`rtdo e` vbl`, ds ldabr, e` , e` dxpdrbdoab` ld Lbms, ems kbdods dspbrbt`eds, e`s htbf`s y prdmaup`abmods, ems subibdotms y ldsbeusbmods, y do þetbim târibom t`ikbâo e` ids` y de tr`k`nm. Dstd ds de mrldo, uo` dspdabd ld mrlm amiiuobmobs, ld e` `utâotba` amiuobl`l prdskbtdr`e, qud pmod do  prbidr euf`r de amip`rtbr ems kbdods dspbrbtu`eds p` p`r` r` p`s` p`s`rr lds  puâs ` e`s t`r t`rd`s, d`s, y om `e rdvâs, amim sd botdot` botdot` g`adr ld mrlbo` rbm, `a`s`olm dstrdpbtms`idotd. Zdrm ds vdrl`l qud t`eds amiuobl`lds om sd biprmvbs`o> ldkd a`ikb`r tml` uo` idot`ebl`l y t`ikbâo uo` ldtdribo` l` bi`fdo lde prdskétdrm. Ds boþtbe prdtdoldr qud dxbst`o dst`s `tdbl`lds y qud ems prdskétdrms sd`o a`p`ads ld vbvbre`s sb e` ri`abño bobab`e sbfud tr`osibtbdolm, bipeéabt` m dxpeéabt` idotd, uo` bi`fdo lde prdskétdrm amim uo gmikrd qud sd k`st` ` sé ibsim3 uo dspeâolblm smebt`rbm qud do su p`rrmqub` ldsdi  pdð` de mabm ld s`adrlmtd, s`adrlmtd, ld mkbspm y ld p`p`, y qud ` vdads  t`ikbâo `a`p`r` `a`p`r` e`s t`rd`s qud eds amrrdspmoldré`o ` ems e`ba e`bams3 ms3

bolbvblu`ebst` ldotrm ld uo prdskbtdrbm ld s`adrlmtds bolbvblu` ebst`s (sb (sb e` fdotd tbdod qud dspdr `e Nudvds Q`otm p`r` l`rsd audot` ld qud dxbstd uo prdskbtdrbm, ds qud ¡ dsm om ds uo prds  kbtdrbm!) Ds e` ri`abño ri`abño bobab`e bobab`e ol`idot`eidotd ol`idot`eidotd ee`` qud ldkd  prmpmodr ld ri` dxpeéabt` uo` bi`fdo lbstbot` lde prdskétdrm «amo aur` ld `ei`s³, ds ldabr, qud sd g`ad a`rfm ld e` vbl` y e` s`ev`abño ld ems ldiàs, y om smem ld e` suy`, y qud ld k kudo udo fr` lm amip`rtd e` ibsi` aur` `obi`rui amo qubdods g`o rdabkblm de ibsim lmo y t`rd`, p`r` eedv`r nuotms em qud do abdrtms im idotms pudld eedf`r ` sdr uo pdsm lbabe ld a`rf`r ` sme`s. E` smedl`l prdskbtdr`e, amim gdims vbstm, pmlrà fust`r ` `e fuoms, pdrm om ds uo` kudo` sdð`e («ems aur`s 'smems l`o pdo`,  om amiuoba`o uo` gui`obl`l sbfoba`tbv`³1;). Do tmlm a`sm s`kdims qud iuag`s vdads g` sblm e` smedl`l, smkrd tmlm e`  prdskbtdr`e, e` qud g` ldtdribo`lm uo`s uo`s arbs arbsbs bs `atbv`s f fr`vd r`vdss y lmemrms`s qud g`o rdpdrautblm do mtr`s pdrsmo`s. Lbagm ld mtrm imlm, dxbstd uo ldtdribo`lm tbpm ld smedl`l prdskbtdr`e qud ds  y` do sé ibsim uo dsaàol`em.

;07

qud sd doaudotr` t`o ` fustm âe smem, sbo o`lbd ` qubdo rdolbr audot`s m qud ed boamrlbd. E` biprdsbño qud sd tbdod, `uoqud om sd pudld fdodr`ebz`r, ds qud do ems sdibo`rbms dxbstd tml`vé` uo` ri`abño  sust`o ab`eidotd bolbvblu`ebst` do ems iâtmlms y do ems mkndtbvms, qud mrbdot` ` vbvbr uo` dspbrbt`ebl`l bolbvblu`ebst` y uo `pmstme`lm

;02

1;. @. \mr \mrrdsbo rdsbo - L. A`elbrm A`elbrm`, `, NB prdtd boo`imr`tm> Qdtbi`o` 07 (;: g`y uo` rde`abño lbrdat` dotrd e` het` ld uo` ri`abño pdr i`odotd do e` pràatba` y e` boi`lurdz fdodr`e ld e` pdrsmo` amos`fr`l` qud pudld i`bst`rsd do ri`s dspdab`eidotd fr`vds. Lbagm ld mtrm imlm>  sb do e` Bfedsb` gukbdr` dxbstblm uo` auetur` ld e`hmri`abño pdri`odotd (do sus trds dedidotms amostbtutbvms>> idot`ebl`l fdodr`e, sdosbkbebl`l pdrsmo`e y pr` amostbtutbvms  xbs pdl`fñfba` pdl`fñfba` bolbvblu`e d bostbtuabmo`e), g`kré`ims `gmrr`lm  ` iuag`s pdrsmo`s tt`otésbims `otésbims subi subibdotms bdotms a`us`lm a`us`lmss pmr gmi gmi krds ld Bfedsb`.

;;1

HM[I@ABÑO ZD[I@ODO\D @DA\BXM-QDWT@E «[BO@B@³ 

Amim y` ldkdims s`kdr, e` ri`abño pdri`odotd om ds uo amoadptm smabmeñfbam, smabmeñfbam, bipudstm pmr de doâtbam rbtim lde a`i  kbm auer`e, de au`e oms dxbfbré` uo` amotbou` amotbou` `l`pt` `l`pt`abño3 abño3 ob sd rddrd smem ` e` `atu`ebz`abño do de imlm ld dndradr de `pmstme` lm3 ob t`ipmam ds uo` sbiped bld` dspbrbtu`e, amim uo `otélmtm da`z amotr` e` bodrab` y e` idlbmarbl`l lde dspérbtu. Qd tr`t`, iàs kbdo, ld uo amoadptm ol`idot`eid ol`idot`eidotd otd tdmeñfbam pmrqud bolba` e` `aabño lde Z`lrd qudhmri` qudhmri` do omsmtrms de amr`zño lde Gm pmr de pmldr lde Dspérbtu Q`otm Ld dst` botdrdt`abño pmldims ldluabr au`trm sukr`y`lms qud oms `yul`o ` prdabs`r de amoadptm y ` dotdoldr su rde`abño amo e a`ibom ld ardabibdotm botdrbmr lde aâebkd amos`fr`lm. -xtdosbño tdipmr`e @otd tmlm, l`lm qud sd tr`t` ld r i`abño pdri`odotd, om ds lbabe rde`abmo`re` amo de prmadsm ld i`lurdz `atbvm-sdxu`e, qud pmr su prmpb` o`tur`edz` dstà do pdrpdtu` dvmeuabño y ardabibdo ardabibdotm tm O`lbd ds i`lurm do dstd a`ipm, om y` `e amibdozm lde a`ibom ri`tbvm, sbom ob sbqubd r` do de imidotm ld e` prmsbño rdebfbms`, au`olm sd g`ado ems vmtms y uom sd amos`fr` do e` vbrfbobl`l m de adebk`tm, bfu`e qud o`lbd em ds do de imidotm ld e` mrldo`abño s`adrlmt`e. Ds eñfbam, pmr t`otm, qud dstd a`ibom ld i`lur`abño v`y` uoblm `e a`ibom ld e` prmpb` vbl`, y sd rd`ebz` m ldkdré` rd`ebz`rsd ld i`odr` bobotdrruipbl` Ds ldabr, e` ri`abño `atbvm-sdxu` `atbvm-sdxu`ee ds odads`rb`idotd pdri`odotd. Dst` ds e` lbidosbño tdipmr`e lde amoadptm.

 

;;<

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ sd ldkdré` bovdot`r

-Botdosbl`l dspbrbtu`e (m prmolbl`l bo`pséquba`). Qb r i`abño pd`odotd qubdrd ldabr -y dstd ds de sdfuolm sukr`  `lm ri`abño lde amr`z amr`zño ño p`r` qud eedfud ` sdr amim de lde Gbnm, pmldims ldabr qud e` ibsi` hmri`abño pdri`odotd ds dsdoab`eidotd hmri`abño hmri`abño datbv`,  pmrqud ds dlua`abño ld ems sdotbibdotms, ems ldsdms, e` sdosbkbebl`l ld e` pdrsmo` g`st` eed v`re` ` `i`r amo de amr`zño lde Gbnm, Gbn m, amim gdims rdpdtblm t`o t`s vdads. Ds Ds e` lbidosbño ld e` botdosbl`l dspbrb`e m ld e` prm olbl`l botr`pséquba`. @qudeem qud sd dxbdold ` ml` e` vbl` ldkd bipeba`r e` mt`ebl`l ld e` pdrsmo`  `ha`re` do su prmo lbl`l botdrbmr, do su amr`zño3 ld em amotr`rbm, om pdrlur`rà. -Lbidosbño mrlbo`rb`. \dradr sukr``lm> sb e` ri`abño  pdri`odod ds `otd tmlm uo` `aabño lde Z`lrd, ds mkvbm qud de Z`lrd e` rd`ebz` do tmlm imidotm3 pmr dsm ds pdri`odotd, amim  uo lmo m uo` prmpuds prmpuds` ` qud oms eedf` amobou`idod. R om smem dstm, sbom qud do e`s i`oms lde Z`lrd au`equbdr sbtu`abño pudld amovdrbrsd do uo` ma`sbño ld ardabibdotm, eedv` do sé uo` «fr`

ldlmr  lboàibam3 suabdotdidotd bodebfod p`r` ldsaukrbr e` fr`ab` ld e` ri`abño qud sd dsamold do a`l` `fidotm ld e` dxbstdoab` (e` vbl` ld a`l` uom dstà fr`tb` pedo`)3  suabdod idotd guibeld p`r` «`prdoldr ` `prdoldr³, ld au`equbdr au`equbd r pdrsm o`, ld tml` rde`abño, ld a`l` abrauost`oab`, ld ems biprdvbstms, lur`otd tml` e` vbl` 0• Ds ldabr, qud e` vbl` g`ke` sb g`y uo amr` zño qud dsauag`.

;;4

E` ri`abño pdri`odotd, puds, `ul` ` e` i`lur`abño `habv` ld e` pdrsmo` amos`fr`l` m lde s`adrlmd om smem ob do prbidr euf`r ld uo imlm dxr`mrlbo`rbm, amo botdrdoabmods dspdab`eds do abrauost`oab`s aréba`s m ld didrfdoab`, p`r` qud om suadl` em pdmr, sbom `ikbâo  smkrd mlm ld uo` ri` mrlb o`rb`, smebabt`olm ld e` pdrsmo` uo` `abtl prdabs`> ds` lbspm obkbebl`l qud gdims ldsarbm, guibeld  s`kb`, lñabe  diprdo ldlmr`, ds` lmabkbebt`s qud `gmr` v`ims ` lds`rrmee`r.

ab` ld ri`abño³, ds ldabr, e`hmri`abño pdri`odotd `amotdad do e`s sbtu`abmods mrlbo`rb`s ld e` vbl`, qud smo amim e`s id lb`abmods ld e`s qud sd sbrvd Z`lrd om p`r` rd`ebz`ramodxms su prmdam do a`l` uom ld omsmrms. Qude`aabño odadsb` ds  pdab`eds m `amotdabibdotms dxtr`mrlbo`rbms3 `e amor`rbm, gdims ld ldabr qud e` ri`abño pdri`odod ds mrlbo`rb`, suadld a`l` lé`  ` a`l` imidom. Om pudld dxbstbr ob uo smem imidotm ld e` vbl` do qud oms vd`ims prbv`lms ld ds` fr`ab` ob qud dstâ v`aém ld e` ri`abño pdri`odod qud vbdod ld em `etm. -«mabkbebt`s³. E` amolbabño p`r` qud dxbs` ld gdagm r i`abño pdri`odod ds qud de bolbvblum dsâ «ldspbdrtm³, sd` amosabdod ld dsd lmo, dsâ ldsdmsm ld `amfdrem, `dom `e bos `od f`z p`r` qud om sd ed dsa`pd amo de ibsdrbm ld fr`ab` qud doabdrr`,  ebkrd, do p`rbaue`r, p`r` ldn`rsd ma`r pmr e` vbl`, pmr ems mrms, pmr e`s abrauos`oab`s ... amim bostridoms ld e` `aabño lbvbo`, ebkrd p`r` `prdoldr  ldn`rsd imlde`r pmr ml` ds` rd`ebl`l. Om smem lñabe, puds, sbom  lmabkbebs. Om p`sbvm dotd ` e` vbl`  ` em suim mkdlbdod, sbom amo àobim diprdo

e.

«mabkbebt`s rde`tbmo`es³

Qd r``, do prbidr euf`r, ld dor`r do dst` pdrspdatbv`, amim  uo prboabpbm riue`lm do dstms târibo târiboms> ms> e` rde`abño ds hmr i`tbv` de mt id dlua`. Dstm g`ad pmsbked ldspuâs `prdoldr  prmfrdsbv`idod ` vbvbr ee`` rde`abño bodrpdrsmo`e amim imido m  euf`r ld ri`abño, amim ma`sbño ld ardabibdom, amim mpmruobl`l prdabms` ld i`lur`abño. Amo uo prmolm rdspdm  pmr de mrm, pmr mlms ems mrms. `) Au`equbdr mtrm do au`equbdr rde`abño Pubzàs dsm om p`rdza` mrbfbo`e. Do de olm, ds em qud sbdi  prd sd g` pdos`lm> ` a`l` uom ed a`d kbdo `efubdo, m rdaudrl` dspdab`eidod `efuoms doaudotrms; m rdamomad tmlm em qud ld ,

0. Z`r` tmlm dst dstdd tdi` ld e` ri`abño pdri`odotd, aah. h. ibs mkr`s E` hmri` abñopdri`odotd, I`lrbl ;::;, y½ Arddims ld vdrl`l do e`hmri`abño e`hmri`abñopdri`odotd=, Q`ot`oldr ;:1  ; Ah e` pr prdabsbño dabsbño ld s`o Nu`o do de ee`i`ibdotm ld ems prbidr prbidrms ms lbsaépuems ld dsþs> «Dr` o `erdldlmr ld e`s au`trm ld e` t`rld³ (o , 12) .

 

;;8

A`ikbm do i`rag`

`efþo imlm g` rdabkblm ld ems ldiàs, `sé do fdodr`e. Zdrm `qué dst`ims g`ke`olm ld e` rde`abño do au`otm t`e, amo de mtrm,  sd`  qubdo sd`,  kudom m i`em, s`otm m pda`lmr, lbrdatmr dspbrbt`e m amip`ðdrm ld aursm, fdotd sdoabee` m pdrsmo` bipmr`otd, `ibfm m dodibfm, sbipàtbam m `otbpàtbam, auetm m bfomr`otd ... E` pdrsmo` lmabkbes ds e` qud g` `prdolblm ` `prdoldr lde mtrm, ld a`l` uom ld ems mtrms. Amim tdosbño bld`e ld vbl`, abdr t`idotd, pdrm do tmlm a`sm amim lbspmsbabño botdrbmr g`kbtu`e, m am amim im lbspmobkbebl`l ldsdms` ld ldn`rsd bostrubr bo strubr y dorbqudad dlua`r y hmri` pvma`r y audstbmo`r pmr de mtrm pmr de mtrm do au`otm t`e. Zmr lbrdotd qud sd` ld ié m `uoqud i`otdof`  pmstur`s amotr`rb`s ` e`s ié`s. Iàs `þo, au`otm iàs lbrdo lbrdo td u «mtrm³ sd` ld ié, iàs v`emr dlua`tbvm m ri`tbvm tdolrà  p`r` ié, pmrqud id lds`` amost`otdidotd, pmod do dvbldoab` ds` p`rtd bootbe ld ié qud prdtdold lmkedf`r e` rd`ebl`l ` ibs a`prbagms, qud om s`kd `adpt`r e lbrdotd m em tdid. De mtrm id mkebf` ` l`r r`zño ld ibs amovbaabmods, smem id dsauag` sb amosbfm sdr amovboadotd, id dxbfd qud tr`luza` ibs adrdz`s ` su edofu`nd, qud g`f` de dsdrzm ld dotr`r do su iuolm, do su auetur` y dxpdrbdoab` ld vbl`. Lbad Dozm Kb`oagb, amo uo tmom boaeusm pdrdotmrbm> «De mtrm ds de qud id pdribtd dotdoldr qubâo qub âo smy, de qud id imlde` pmr mpmsbabño, de qud rddrz` ib bldotbl`l prdabs`idotd ibdotr`s e` audstbmo`> de dodibfm ds de idnmr ld ems i`dstrms qud doamo tr`ims do e` vbl`³ Ds de ibsim sdtblm qud tbdodo e`s p`e`kr`s iàs su`vds y dvma`lmr`s ld [`pg`de Gmik`ag, imond kdod lbatbom> «@efubdo qud ds tmt`eidotd tmt`ei dotd lbrdotd ld tb a`ibo` nuotm ` tb, y p`rdad qud om ds o`l` þtbe p`r` tb3 y ` pds`r ld tmlm, tþ g`s sblm amo`lm ` âe, y âe ` tb, p`r` qud ms doamotrâbs doamotrâb s de uom `e mtrm, y de uom sd amovbdrt` do lmo p`r` de mtrm, a`l` a `l` uom p`r` e` s`ev`abño lde mtrm³ 1

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1. D. Kb`oa Kb`oagb, gb, L`hmrdstbdrm odee` amip`fob` ldfeb umibob, A`s`ed Imohrr` tm 0224, 04. 04.  @vvdrd (4 matukrd ;:::).

;;6

Puâ sd ldkdré` bovdot`r

 k)

Idlb`abño ibstdrbms` y prbvbedfb`l`

Dst` `pdrtur` amrlb`e y `amfdlmr` `e mtrm om suadld `utmiàtb a`idotd ob rdsuet` hàabe, do `ksmeutm. E` `etdrbl`l-lbvdrsbl`l oms ard` prmkedi`s y dotd ` dee imstr`ims rd`aabmods `ikbv`edo tds. Zmr uo e`lm, oms vdims dipun`lms ` sdedaabmo`r, lbstbofubr, dedfbr, prdrbr ... ...,, p`r`, pmr mtrm e`lm, botdot`r `oue`r ldspuâs e`s lbrdoab`s, uobribz`r m bipmodr iàs m idoms sutbeidotd oudstr` eéod` y oudstr` bld`, `a`sm t`ikbâo amim rd`aabño bo amosabdotd ` uo u o aebi` auetur`e gmimemf`lmr. \mlms dstms imlms  pur`idotd ld rde`abmo`rsd gui`om, rdibtd pdrm` `atbtulds tbdodo m pudldo `a`sm pe`usbkeds tdodr uo rdvdrsm do uo pe`om iuy odf`tbvm, boaeusm bonustm, vbmedotm m pdrvdrsm.  ld obofþo imlm pmlrào nustba`rsd ldsld de puotm ld vs t` ardydotd> sb ds vdrl`l qud de Z`lrd Lbms oms ri` ` tr`vâs ld tml`s e`s abrauost`oab`s y sbtu`abmods ld e` vbl`, g`y uo` idlb`abño prbvbedfb`l`, amim `p`rdad amo ae`rbl`l do e` Q` fr`l` Dsarbtur`> e` idlb`abño lde mtrm  @ Lbms ed fust` g`  e`r e`r `e gmikrd pmr idlbm ld mtrm gmikrd, ed fust` `atu`r do e` vl` gui`o` idlb`otd mtr`s pdrsmo`s3 âe ds de Z`lrd, pdrm sd sbrvd ld  uo botdridlb`r botdridlb`rbm bm gui`om.  dstm ds vdrl`l do i`ymr idlbl` do e` vbl` lde ibobstrm lde dv`ofdebm, auy` ri`abño sd r   e bz` do e` ibsbño, do de eu ebz` f`r `lmold g` sblm dovb`lm, qud âe om g` dedfblm dedfbl m y amo pdrsmo`s  pmr e`s qud om g` sblm dedfblm, y pmr amosbfubdotd fr`ab`s ` e`s rde`abmods gui`o`s qud de p`stmr dstà ee`i`lm ` vbvbr do dsd  p`rtbaue`r amotdxtm gui`om (y oomm smem gui`om) y qqud ud rda rdabkd bkd amim lmo do e` ibsbño. R t`ikbâo `qué sbo sdedaabmo`r rde` abmods prdrbl`s, sbom `amfbdolm ` tml` e` frdy, ` a`l` mvd `, dspdab`eidotd ldsa`rrb`l`, ml,kusa`olm ` e`uo` qudrbfbldz sd g` `edN` lm. «@eeé «@eeé lmold,` e``otd e` `etdrbl` `etdrbl`l, sd mksdrv`o y uo dsdrzm do e`s rde`abmods dxadsbvms, g`y kudo`s r`zmods p`r` lul`r ld e` amosbstdoab` ld uo` mpabño adebk`t`rb` do de ibobs tdrbm s`adrlmt`e³ De s`adrlmtd ldkd sdr kbdo amosabdotd ld qud 4

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4 @ \ \mrrdsbob mrrdsbob - L A`elbrme A`elbrme`, `, e prdtd boo`imr`tm Qdttbi`o` 07 (;:0 «Do `s gdrbl`s ld dstd bobfbl`s ` mtrm y tma`ims ` uo ibdikrm ldtbpm Audrpm iéstbam ld doamo`ims Arbstm. Qb m 6 i`tr`t`ims, i`tr`t`ims ` ibsim dsuarbstm³

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a) «Lmabkbebt`s dv`ofdeba`³

;. «Lmabkbebt`s `hdatbv`³

Dotmoads d p`stmr sd ldn` ri`r, pmrqud `ouoab`r d Dv`o fdm ds sbdiprd t`ikbâo sdr dv`ofdez`lms. dv`ofdez`lms. Dstm sbfba` vbvbr  vdrl`ldr`idotd ` rd`abño amim idlb`abño gui`o`, sb kbdo ibstdrbms`, ld ` `aabño ld Lbms Z`lrd, d `rdrm (ah. ( ah. Nr 07). E` ri`abño pdri`odotd sd `atu`bz` t`ikbâo do dst` bkdrt`l `rrbdsf`l` d botdbfdotd ld ldn`rsd dv`ofdbz`r pmr d mtrm, pmr tmlms ms mtrms, dspdab`idotd pmr ` fdotd sdoab` y pmr su s` kbluré`, pmr `  ld ms guiblds y su `k`olmom do `s i`oms ld Lbms, pmr ms pdqudðms y ms pmkrds (dv`ofdez`rb ` p`updrbkus) y pmr su babl`l, iuag`s vdads ldsamomabl` p`r` omsmtrms,

Ds uo` amosdaudoab` tmt`idotd o`tur` ld ` lmabkbebt`s rde`tbmo`ebs Zdrm dspdaba` uo `spdatm iuy bipmrt`otd, dspdab` idotd do ` vbl` ld aâbkd pmr d [dbom. Xbvbr ` rd`abño botdr  pdrsmo` gui`o` amo ` botdosbl`l qud gdims vbstm, buibo`l`  pmr ` , om ds smm uo` uo` dxpdrbdoab` dxtr`mrlbo`rb`idotd rba` ` obvd dspbrbtu`, sbom t`ikbâo ` obvd gui`om. ½Do quâ amosbstd ` lmabkbebt`s `hdatbv`= Qb ` lmabkbebt`s rde`tbmo`ebs sbfoba` ` lbspmobkbbl`l botdbfdotd ` ldn`rsd r i`r pmr au`qubdr rd`abño, `  `hdatbv` amosbstd dsdoab`idotd

au`olm om vbvbims dst` kbdo`vdotur`oz` y smims pmkrds smm  pmr ` prmsbño prmsbño8 Qd tr`t`ré` ld uo` lmabkbebt`s dv`ofdeba` Zmlrà p`rdadr qud tmlm dstm sd `dn` ld oudstrm tdi` y qud  pmam tdod qud vdr amo ms `kusms sdxu`ds y su prdvdoabño,  pdrm ` vdrl`l ds qud ` lmabkbebt`s rde`tbmo`ebs dosdð` ` dotr`r do uo` rd`abño ld dxtrdim rdspdtm pmr d mtrm, ` qubdo sd vd `ldiàs amim idlb`abño ld ` `aabño ri`lmr` amo ` qud d Z`lrd p`si` do ié d amr`zño ld Gbnm. Xdrd `sé y vbvbr amo â uo` rd`abño amorid ` m ds d idnmr `otélmtm amotr` au` qubdr tbpm ld `kusm m, sb sd prddrd, uo` ri` ld prdvdoabño rdimt`, pdrm da`z, amo` tmlm tbpm ld vbmdoab`. Amidot`olm `s p``kr`s ld p`p` Hr`oabsam au`olm `riñ qud `kus`r `kus `r ld uo idomr «ds amim g`adr uo` ibs` odfr`³, d d  a`rldo` C`spdr dx•

8. Lmo Emrdozm Ibeo Ibeob, b, auy` lbabe rdeabño amo e utmrbll utmrbll lbmadso ld su tbdipm ds kbdo amomabl, om tvm idlm ld bovbtr  imosdðmr Apmvbe, dxsdard trbm ld Nuo WBBB,  vbsbtr Krkbo, su prrmqub pdrlbl dotrd es imotðs, amo qudees «trdbot y oudvd pdrsmos qud e Bfedsb id g amohlm,  es qud im y qud id io . Zmlré ustdl gker  ems agbams lde Zp... y asm ti  kbâo pmlré`  kbâo  pmlré` ustdl `prdoldr `efm ld deems y ld su vbl`³ (E. Ibeob, Zdrag ib g`b agb`i`tm= Edttdrd `b s`adrlmtb, `ppuotb fbmv`obeb d uetbid p`rm/d dl ld I. Fd suelb, Abobsdeem Kesim ;:0 Cspdr> Be Amrrbdrd ldee Qdr (;4 omvbdikrd ;:0 ibdotr`s qud, pmr uo` p`rtd, `ouoab` de `imr lde Dtdm y dxgmr` `e `imr `tdm, pmr mtr` sd sbrd lde ibsim `ouoabm p`r` mktdodr `lgdsbmods, `prdabm, amosbld r`abño y `imr p`r` âe ibsim. Ds de a`sm ld dsms sbdrms d e` Z`e`kr`, lde `e`r, m ld ems  nñvdods, m boaeusm ld ems pmkrds, qud do rd`ebl`l rd`ebl`l sd sbrdo ld ld e` Z`e`kr`, lde `et`r, ld ems nñdods m ld ems ibsims pmkrds p`r` amosdfubr uo` rdamipdos` qud amosbstd do sdotbrsd sdfurms ld qud smo lbfoms ld sdr `i`lms, g`st` de puotm ld qud sb om rdab  kdo dst` p`f` m om do ems ems târibo târiboms ms qud dspdr`o, `k`olmo`o `k`olmo`o tmlm, amim uo obðm qud ld prmotm y` om sd lbvbdrtd do uo nudfm y ldab ld ldn`r ld nuf`r, sbo bipmrt`red o`l` ems ldiàs. Dstm y` sdré` uo a`sm ld `kusm> ld `kusm lde ibobstdrbm y ld e`s pdrsmo`s, us`l`s amim bosuidotm p`r` e` prmpb` s`tbsha abño, do uo botdotm qud ld mrlbo`rbm om tbdod o`e, a`sb amim  uo` mksdsbño. De `kusm sdxu`e, omri`eidotd, v` prdadlblm ld

a` pmlré` m ldkdré` k`st`r p`r` tdodr t`e adrdz`, y` qud sd `t` ld uo `imr qud boaeusm prdadld ` oudstr` vdobl` `e iuolm y qud, sbo lul`, ds i`ymr qud tml`s e`s pmsbkeds str`abmods m de lds`imr qud g`y`ims pmlblm subr do e` vbl`. vbl` . E` pdo` ds qud iuag`s vdads, y ardm qud dstm oms p`s` ` tm lms do `efuo` idlbl`, e`s vdrl`lds iàs dedido`eds sudedo sdr s dr ` e`s qud iàs eds audst` rdamrrdr de `ydatm -e`rfuésbim, pmr em  vbstm- ldsld e` idotd g`st` de amr`zño. Pubzàs pmrqud g`o sblm e`s prbidr`s qud gdims ardélm y `amfblm ` abdf`s, y do amosd audoab` om e`s gdims amoqubst`lm ob sublm, ouoa` e`s gdims  pdrsmo`ebz`lm y vdrba`lm ( amim \miàs, qud prdtdold y amo sbfud idtdr e` i`om do de amst`lm `kbdrm ld Ndsþs), ouoa` e`s  gdims rdde`kmr`lm y rdldsaukbdrtm do oudstr` prmpb` gbstmrb`,  t`e vdz iàs `eeà ld e`s dxpdrbdoab`s pmr e`s qud gdims gdims p`s`lm.

dstd mtrm tbpm ld `kusm, qud ds iàs ld o`tur`edz` fdoârba`idotd datbv`. Zmr om idoabmo`r qud ld dsd imlm i mlm e` pdrsmo` om amo

sdfubrà ouoa` mktdodr `qudee` adrdz`, ouoa` ed k`st`rà em qud  y` g` aosdfublm, sbdiprd qudà `efm iàs, iàs , y do euf`r ld uo` ri`abño amotbou` e` suy` sdrà uo` hustr`abño amotbou` amo  uo dvbldotd dvbldotd ldsf`std ld dodrfé`. dodrfé`. ½Auàe ds, dotmoads, de imlm s`om ld rdspmoldr ` dst` dxb fdoab`=  k) Do de prboabpbm, de `imr  Ds botdrds`otd vdr de btbodr`rbm pmsbtbvm, qud ds uo dndipem ld añim e` pdrspdatbv` ardydotd sd uod m ldkdré` uobrsd amo e`  gui`o` do de a`ibom ld e` ri`abño. @otd tmlm, de ardydotd p`rtd ld uo` adrtdz` qud ed vbdod ld e` , ld ds` vdrl`l kàsba` ld e`  qud `ri` qud tmlms gdims  sblm `i`lms pmr Lbms ldsld tml` e` ddbl` ldsld sbdiprd y  p`r` sbdipr amo uo `imr qud ouoa` hee`rà. Dst` drl`l kàsb

a) Ld e` «idlb` vdrl`l³ ` e` idolbabl`l psbmeñfba`

Quadld dotmoads qud ld `efuo` i`odr` uom e`s l` pmr su  pudst`s, pdrm de gdagm ld om g`kdre`s audstbmo`lm ouoa` do rd` ebl`l e`s ldkbebt`, amim sb e` pdrsmo` ardydr` ds`s vdrl`lds smem ` idlb`s, smem amo e` a`kdz`, amim uo lmfi` tdñrbam y `kstr`atm qud, ` o ld audot`s, sd iudstr` boa`p`z ld prmpmrabmo`r e` adr  tdz` `ksmeut` y rid ld qud uom ds r`lba`eidotd lbfom ld sdr `i`lm3 do ldobtbv`, boa`p`z ld r`osibtbr de amr`nd p`r` ... do  trdf`r e` prmpb` vbl` amim smem pud ]ld g`adrem `qude qud sd s`kd aubl`lm-ldsld-sbdiprdd pmr uo `im-`r`-sbdiprd aubl`lm-ldsld-sbdipr

Iàs ld boidlb`tm, e` «idlb` vdrl`l³ sbfoba` uo` sdfurb l`l lâkbe y supdrab`e do de `imr rdabkblm, qud eedv`rà ` ee`` pdr smo` ` dst`r amotbou`idotd pblbdolm, amim uo idolbfm, ` e` bl`, ` ems mtrms, ` ems `ibfms, ` su dspmsm m dspms`, ` e` amiuob l`l, ` e` bostbtuabño... bostbtuabño... uo` pbza` ld `tdoabño, m e` rdamipdos` do  târiboms ld ld dstbi` y `atm pmr ems sdrbabms prdst`lms. Ds amim  uo idolbfm qud pbld ` ems mms em qud do rd`ebl`l y` pmsdd ld i`odr` `kuol`otésbi` pdrm sbo s`kdrem3 rbam y idolbfm boamos abdotd qud ouoa` dstà s`tbsagm amo em qud tbdod, y pbld y `de` sbdiprd iàs.

 

;11

A`ikbm do i`rag`

Puâ sd ldkdré` bovdot`r

p`r` ` ldn`rsd `i`r  l) Zrdlbspmsbabño pmsbtbv` y ebkdrt`l p`r Lmabkbebt`s `hdatbv` qubdrd ldabr, pmr de amo`rbm, qud de ard  ydotd, prdabs`idtd do vbrtul ld ds` vdrl`l ld  euibomsésbi`  y tr`oqubebz`lmr`, sd lbspmod ` vbvbr e` rde`abño prdsabolbdolm ld e` dspdr`oz` m e` prdtdosbño ld rdabkbr, sbipedidotd pmrqud  y` g` rdabkblm, y` ds rbam y s`kd qud q ud em ds. Zmr dsm om amidtd de drrmr ob sbdotd de bipuesm boamosabdotd ld botdrdt`r de `pms tme`lm do oabño ld su ldabdoab` `atbv`, `kus`olm ld âe, sbom qud em vbvd amo e` pedo` ebkdrt`l ld qubdo sd s`kd `i`lm do `kuol`oab`. Dstd ardydotd, do euf`r ld ldspdrlbab`r sus dodrfé`s tr`t`olm ld ``oa`r e` i`ymr a`otbl`l pmsbked ld fdstms ld a`rbðm p`r` amei`r su sdl ld `atm, ds suabdotdidotd ebkrd amim p`r` rd

d) Zrdlbspmsbabño odf`tbv` y prdtdosbño ldsdspdr`l` Zmr de amotr`rbm, qubdo om dstà sdfurm ld qud y` g` rdabkblm `imr, sd prdlbspmod ` e` rde`abño amo mtr` `atbtul> e` ld `qude qud tbdod uo` odadsbl`l qud amei`r y pmr dsm kusa` sbfoms a`l` vdz iàs dvbldotds. R` om ed k`st` em qud ems mtrms ed mdado3 l ldd gdagm, ob sbqubdr` sd l` audot`, om em `prdab` y sbdiprd qubdrd iàs. Zmr uo e`lm, pbld ldi`sb`lm y em pbld i`e ( ah. Q`ot ½añim ½añi m v` ` pmldr fmz`r ld `efm qud dstà us`olm ld i`odr` dqbvma`l`, m ld e qud dstà `kus`olm= Ibdotr`s t`otm ems ldiàs, ems deds m qubdods vbvdo amo âe, bodvbt`kedidotd bodvbt`kedido td pdrabkbro uo` abdrt` `ikbfõdl`l do âe, uo e sm `pñstme, sdotbrào smkrd deems ibsims sus prdtdosbmods y su

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