Guias de Clase Practicas y Seminarios 2

 

I\OFU @L ECFULU ^ZÆEPOEFU _ ULHOKFZOGU. FUOIKFP\ZF ILKLPOEF HÏ@OEF OKUPOP\PG U\^LZOGZ @L EOLKEOFU HÏ@OEFU I\OF @L LU I\OF LUP\ P\@O @OG G UG UGJZ JZL L JF JFUL ULU U HG HGCL CLE\ E\CF CFZL ZLU U _ EL ELC\ C\CF CFZL ZLU U @L CF BLZLKEOF. H\PFEOGKLU ILKOEFU. CL_LU @L HLK@LC. ·Eufcls sgk cfs efrfetlrèstoefs lstrueturfcls `lc F@K qul plrhotlk cf trfshosoõk `l cf okagrhfeoõk ilkïtoef7 ·Vuï ls uk ilk7 ·Euæcls sgk cfs efrfetlrèstoefs `l cf lstrueturf `l uk ilk buhfkg7 ·Eõhg lstæ grifkozf`g lc ilkghf buhfkg7  Fc `fr rlspulstf f lstfs prliuktfs sl `ljl tlklr lk eulktf trls fspletgs auk`fhlk auk` fhlktfcl tfcls4 s4 lst lstruet rueturf urf quèh quèhoef oef `lc F@K F@K,, sus efr efrfet fetlrès lrèstoe toefs fs jogquèho jogquèhoefs efs y sus aukeogkls jogcõioefs. ·Vuï fspletgs `l cf lstrueturf `lc F@K egktrojuylk f cf egkslrvfeoõk `l cf okagrhfeoõk ilkïtoef `l ilklrfeoõk f ilklrfeoõk `l cfs `ovosogkls elcucfrls7 Zlaclxogkfr Zlaclx ogkfr sgjrl cf lstr lstrueturf ueturf hgcleucfr hgcleucfr `l cf `gjcl bïcoe bïcoel l y sgjrl cfs rliu rliucfro`f`l cfro`f`lss rlcfeogkf`fs egk lc lkrgccfholktg `l lstl cfrig pgcèhlrg. ·Eõhg geurrl cf sèktlsos `lc F@K7 @l feulr`g feulr`g egk cfs cfs au aukeo keogkl gklss jog jogcõi cõioe oefs fs `lc ilk ·Vu ·Vuï ï ifrfk ifrfktotozf zf ls lstl tl pr prgel gelsg sg jogquèhoeg7 ·Ul prg`uelk lrrgrls lk cf sèktlsos `lc F@K7 ·Ul rlpfrfk lstgs lrrgrls `lspuïs `l cf sèktlsos7 ·Eõhg sl rlpfrfk lstgs lrrgrls7 _ .. so kg sl cgirfk rlpfrfr ·Vuï geurrl7 Cgs hlefkoshgs hlefkoshgs jogquè jogquèhoegs hoegs qul tolklk cui cuifr fr `urfktl lc prgelsg prgelsg `l sèktlsos `lc F@K F@K sgk sgk alkõh alkõhlkg lkgss fctf fctfhl hlktl ktl eghp eghprgh rghlt lto` o`gs gs lk cf tr trfs fsho hoso soõk õk y eg egks kslrv lrvfe feoõ oõk k `l cf okagrh oka grhfeo feoõk õk ilkï ilkïtoe toef. f. Cgs lrr lrrgrl grlss qul pul` pul`lk lk geur geurror ror agrhf agrhfk k pfr pfrtl tl `l cf vfrofe vfrofeoõk oõk ilkïtoef `lc `lsfrrgccg. Lstgs lrrgrls sgk `lkghokf`gs hutfeogkls. ·Eõhg sl lxprlsf cf okagrhfeoõk egktlko`f lk lc F@K7 ·Vuï gtrg æeo`g kuecloeg oktlrvolkl lk cf lxprlsoõk `l cf okagrhfeoõk ilkïtoef7 ·Euæktgs topgs `l FZK lstæk eghprghlto`gs lk lc prgelsg `l cf lxprlsoõk `lc hlksfdl ilkïtoeg7 ·Vuï `oalrlkeofs quèhoefs lxostlk lktrl cf lstrueturf hgcleucfr `lc F@K y `lc FZK7 ·Vuï rlcfeoõk lxostl lktrl cf sèktlsos `lc FZK hlksfdlrg y cf ttrfkseropeoõk rfkseropeoõk `lc hlksfdl jogquèhoeg egktlko`g lk uk ilk7 ·Lk quï lst lstrue rueturf turf elcucf elcucfrr tolkl tolkl cui cuifr fr lst lstl l alk alkõhlk õhlkg g `l trfkse trfkserop ropeoõk eoõk `lc hlk hlksfd sfdl l ilkïtoeg7 ·Vuï ·V uï prge prgels lsgs gs au auk`f k`fhl hlktf ktfcls cls lk cf hf`u hf`urfe rfeoõ oõk k `lc `lc FZ FZK K hl hlks ksfd fdlrg lrg ge geur urrlk rlk y ifrfktozfk cf oktliro`f` `lc hoshg fktls `l pfsfr fc eotgpcfshf elcucfr7 ·Vuï rlcfeoõ rlcfeoõk k lxo lxostl stl lktr lktrl l cf sèktl sèktlsos sos `l prgtlè prgtlèkfs kfs qul tolkl cuifr lk lc eotgpcf eotgpcfshf shf elcucfr y cf trf`ueeoõk `lc hlksfdl ilkïtoeg7 · Vuï ls lc eõ`oig ilkïtoeg y qul ohpgrtf ohpgrtfkeof keof tolkl lk cf eghprlk eghprlksoõk soõk `l cf trf`uee trf`ueeoõk oõk `lc hlksfdl ilkïtoeg7 ·Vuï ohpgrtfkeof tolkl qul vfrogs eg`gkls eg`oaoqulk uk hoshg fhokg æeo`g7 Eghprlk`lr Eghprl k`lr lstgs fs fspletgs pletgs rlc rlcfeogkf`gs feogkf`gs eg egk k `oalrlktl `oalrlktlss prgelsgs `l cf lxprls lxprlsoõk oõk `l cf okagrhfeoõk ilkïtoef sgk auk`fhlktfcls lk cf auturf eghprlksoõk rlcfeogkf`f egk cfs efrfetlrèstoefs `lc alkgtopg y sus vfrofeogkls.

 

·Eõhg ls cf lstrueturf `l ukf eïcucf7 ·Vuï efrfetlrèstoefs y aukeogkls tolkl cf hlhjrfkf pcfshætoef7 ·Euæktgs topgs `l prgtlèkfs pul`l tlklr lstf lstrueturf elcucfr7 ·Euæcl ·Eu æclss sgk cgs grifkot grifkotgs gs elc elcucfr ucfrls ls hlhjr hlhjrfkgs fkgsgs gs qul egh eghukoe ukoefk fk `ls`l `ls`l lc kôeclg bfstf cf hlhjrfkf eotgpcfshætoef7. ·Euæcls gtrgs grifkotgs kg hlhjrfkgsgs lxostlk lk cf lstrueturf elcucfr7 ·Vuï efrfetlrèstoefs tolklk cfs hotgegk`rofs7 ·Eõhg F@K7 kf eotglsq ·F quï lsslsu`lkgho `lkghokf eotglsqulclt ulcltg g elc elcucfr ucfr y eufcls top topgs gs `l lst lstrue rueturf turfss prgtloe prgtloefs fs egktolkl7 ·Vuï efrfetlrèstoefs tolkl lc kôeclg `l cf eïcucf7 ·Eõhg sl rlprg`uel ukf eïcucf7 ·F quï sl `lkghokf eoecg elcucfr7 ·Euæcls sgk cfs afsls `lc eoecg elcucfr7 Zleg Zl egr` r`fr fr qul qul `ls` `ls`l l lc pukt puktg g `l vost vostf f eotg eotgcõ cõio ioeg eg cf cfss af afsl slss `l `lcc eoec eoecg g elcu elcucf cfrr sl egrrlcfeogkfk egk cf oktlrafsl y cf `ovosoõk elcucfr. ·Vuï hlefkoshgs jogquèhoegs `ltlrhokfk cf geurrlkeof `l cgs `oalrlktls lstf`ogs `lc eoecg elcucfr7 ·Vuï rlcfeoõ rlcfeoõk k lxo lxostl stl lktrl lc egkg egkgeoh eoholkt olktg g `l lst lstgs gs hle hlefkos fkoshgs hgs jogquè jogquèhoe hoegs gs y cgs lstu`ogs `l prgcoalrfeoõk elcucfr okegktrgcf`f qul tolklk cuifr lk lc `lsfrrgccg `l cgs tuhgrls7 ·Euæcls sgk cfs prokeopfcls prgtlèkfs qul `ltlrhokfk cf geurrlkeof y egktrgc `lc eoecg elcucfr7 ·Vuï ls cf hotgsos7 ·Euæcls sgk sus afsls y qul geurrl lk lccfs7 ·^gr quï cfs `gs eïcucfs rlsuctfktls sgk `opcgo`ls7 ·Vuï soikoaoef`g soikoaoef`g jogcõioeg tolkl lstf pfcfjrf7 ·Vuï `oalrlkeofs bfy lktrl cf eïcucf ilrhokfc qul okoeof cf hlogsos y cgs ifhltgs7 ·Lk qul egksostlk cgs lvlktgs qul geurrl geurrlk k lk cf prgafsl `l cf prohlr prohlrf f hlogsos qul sgk aulktl `l vfrofeoõk ilkïtoef7 ·^gr quï uk cgeus pul`l tlklr hæs `l `gs fclcgs7 ·Eõhg surilk cgs fclcgs7 ·Eõhg ·Eõ hg efc efcoao oaoefr efrèf èf lc ble blebg bg `l qul uk efr efræet æetlr lr lsp lspleè leèaoe aoeg g egk ukf eufc eufco`f` o`f` –Z‘ sl lxprlsl lk lc 6>>% `l cf `lselk`lkeof `l uk eruel lktrl pfrlktfcls `l `gs cèklfs purfs –Z‘ y –K –K‘‘ pfrf lsl efræetlr7 Eoreucl Eore ucl lk cf rlcfeoõk `l ilkgtop ilkgtopgs gs y tlkolk`g lk eulktf cf kghlkecfturf kghlkecfturf pfrf cgs fclcgs qul lxprlsf lxprlsf lc eefræetl fræetlr r `gh `ghokfktl okfktl y rrlelsov lelsovg, g, lxprlslk lc efræetlr `ghokfktl4

sgcfhlk sgcfhlktl tl f fqulccg fqulccgss qul f su duoeog, duoeog,

 FF Ff JJ Jj ff jj Lxpcoqul Lxpcoqu l p pgr gr quï, lc efr efræet æetlr lr rle rlelso lsovg vg rlqu rlquolr olrl l `l `l `gjcl `gjcl `gso `gsoss iïko iïkoef ef pfrf su lxprlsoõk. Eoreucl cgs ifhltgs pgsojcls pfrf ef`f ukg `l cgs ilkgtopgs `opcgo`ls qul sl rlcfeogkfk lk cf tfjcf4 ILKGPO^GU  FF  Ff

IFHLPGU ^GUOJCLU F f F f :

 

 Ff F f   Uo lc efræetlr efræetlr egcgr klirg `lc plc plcg g `l ukf cèklf `l rftgkls lstæ `ltlrhok `ltlrhokf`g f`g pgr lc ilk –K‘ y lc efræe efræetlr tlr egcg egcgrr jcfkeg pg pgrr lc ilk –k‘ –k‘,, o`lktoa o`lktoaoqul oqul cgs il ilkgtopgs kgtopgs qul lxprls lxprlsfk fk lc egcgr klirg lk cf rlcfeoõk4 @l cgs soiuolktls eruels eruels hgkgbèjr hgkgbèjro`gs o`gs rlcfeo rlcfeogkf`gs gkf`gs egk cf prliuktf fktlrogr lsero lserojf jf lk cgs lspfeogs qul cl egrrlspgk`lk cfs prgjfjoco`f`ls ilkgtèpoefs y alkgtèpoefs `l cf `lselk`lkeof. EZ\TFHOLKPG U KK  KK Kk  KK Kk  Kk kk  KK kk  Kk kk  kk

ALKGPO^GU LK % @L CF @LUELK@LKEOF.

ILKGPO^GU LK % @ @L L CF @LUELK@LKEOF

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Lxprlsl Lxp rlsl lk quï egks egksost ostl l cf proh prohlrf lrf Cly `l Hl Hlk`lc k`lc y eõhg ssl l rlcf rlcfeogk eogkf f ïstf egk cf hlogsos.

5

 

I\OF @L LUP\@OG UGJZL UGJZL CFU FJLZZFEOGK FJLZZFEOGKLU LU EZGHGUGHOEFU @L KÔ KÔHLZG HLZG 6. @ls @lsero erojf jf cfs ef efrfet rfetlrè lrèsto stoefs efs `l cgs eergh rghgsg gsghfs hfs `lc ef efrog rogtopg topg bu buhfkg hfkg ftl ftlk`ol k`olk`g k`g f cf pgsoeoõk `lc elktrõhlrg. :. ·Vuï ls lc efro efrogtopg7 gtopg7 · Eõhg ssl l ecfs ecfsoaoefk oaoefk ccgs gs erg erghgsghf hgsghfss buhfkgs buhfkgs7 7 5. ·Euæcls æcls sgk erghgsg buhf buhfkgs tolklk lk sftïc sftïcotl s7 0. ·Eu ·Euæ cl clss sg skgkcgs cergh gs egsghfs rghhfs gsgh fs kgs `lc qul efrtolk ogt ogtopg buhotls7 fk fkg g qul tolkl klk k rliogk gkl ls bltlrgerghætoefs7 . ·Vu ·Vuï ï gtr gtrg g hlefko hlefkoshg shg qul falet faletf f cf `ost `ostroj rojueoõ ueoõk k `l cgs erghgsgh erghgsghfs fs bghõc bghõcgigs gigs pul`l lxpcoefr cfs hgkgsghèfs7 66. Eõ Eõhg hg lxpc lxpcoe oefr fr lc groi groilk lk `l hg hgsf sfoe oeos oshg hgss er ergh ghgs gsõh õhoe oegs gs `l kôhlr kôhlrg g eg eghg hg cg cgss soiuolktls4 0