Guía - S3 - QUG C1 - 2021

 

^bovnrsomkm Mcb Fcsic Mnpkrtklnbtc mn Ionbioks Fësoiks [uìloik Hnbnrkj ’ Ioijc ;/646;

Huìk mn nstumoc nstumo c  ’ Ynlkbk 9 ^BOMKM ^BO MKM ;. HNBN HNBNVKJOMKMNY VKJOMKMNY MN JK LK]NVOK LK]NVOK (Icbto (Icb tobu bukioù kioùb) b) ;. NBNVHÌ NBNVHÌK K IKJCVÌEOIK IK JCVÌEOIK NB JCY J CY IKLF IKLFOCY OCY MN NY]KMC  NY]KMC 

Nb nj  nj vomnc tnùroic ; sn mneobonrcb jcs ikjcrns mn eusoùb y mn vkpcrozkioùb iclc prcponmkmns prcp onmkmns mn sùjomcs y jìquomcs rnspnitovklnbtn. K`crk sn pjkbtnkrëb jks nxprnsocbns lktnlëtoiks pkrk nstks mneoboiocbns y sn icbsomnrkrëb tklfoïb jcs prcinscs mn icbhnjkioùb y icbmnbskioùb. ]kbtc ]kb tc nj ikjcr mn eusoùb iclc mn vkpcrozkioùb, jjklkmcs ttklfoïb klfoïb ikjcrns jktnbtns jktnbt ns Je y Jv c nbtkjpìks @e y @v mn eusoùb y vkpcrozkioùb rnspnitovklnbtn1 rnspnit ovklnbtn1 scb prcponmkmns obtnbso obtnbsovks, vks, mnpnbmnb mn jk bkturkjnzk mn jk sustkbiok y pcmnlcs nbicbtrkrjcs nb tkfjks, ub ngnlpjc ns jk tkfjk ; lcstrkmk k icbtobukioùb. ]kfjk ;

Yustkbiok

]e (´I)  Je (ikj/h)  ]v (´I)  Jv (ikj/h) 

Cxìhnbc

-6;0.0

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Botrùhnbc Kjic`cj ntìjoic (ntkbcj)

-6;4 -;;=

5.; 6>

-;?>.0 80

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Klcbìkic

-88.0

0.4

-99.=

99

Khuk

4 

8?.8

;44

>9?

Tjclc

698

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;8>4

640

Tjktk

?5;

6;

6;?9

>>0

@onrrc

;040

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9469

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]kbtc ]kb tc nj ikjcr mn eusoùb iclc nj ikjcr mn vkpcro vkpcrozkioùb zkioùb scb vkjcrns mn nbnrhìk ikjcrìeoik ikjcrìeo ik qun sn bninsotk kpjoikr k ubk ubomkm mn lksk l ksk pkrk ikl iklfokrjn fokrjn su nstkmc. Tcr tkbtc7 o) Yo sn bninsotk eubmor ubk lksk ‚l“ mn sùjomc qun yk sn nbiunbtrk k su tnlpnrkturk mn eusoùb, jk ikbtomkm mn

ikjcr ‚[“ qun mnfn sulobostrkrsn nb tctkj k moi`c sùjomc ns7 [ < l@e (Ni.;)  oo) Yo sn bninsotk vkpcrozkr ubk lksk ‚l“ mn jìquomc qun yk sn nbiunbtrk k su tnlpnrkturk mn nfujjoioùb, nfujjoio ùb, jk ikbtomkm mn ikjcr ‚[“ qun mnfn sulobostrkrsn nb tctkj k moi`c sùjomc ns7 [ < l@v (Ni.6)  K`crk fonb7 ooo) Yo tnbnlcs ubk lksk ‚l“ mn jìquomc qun sn nbiunbtrk k su tnlpnrkturk mn icbhnjkioùb, y rntorklcs ikjcr,

pcmnlcs jjnhkr k icbhnjkr jk lunstrk. lunstr k. Jk ikbtomkm mn ikjcr k rntorkr pkrk icbhnjkr ubk lunstrk mn lksk ‚l“, ns ohukj k jk ikbtomkm qun sn kûkmorìk so nstuvonrk nstu vonrk sùjomk y quosoïrklcs quosoïr klcs eubmorjk, pcr tkbtc, k jk niukio niukioùb ùb ;, jn kûkmolcs ub sohbc bnhktovc qun obmoik jk skjomk mn nbnrhìk. [ < - l@e (Ni.9) 

 

rnto rklcs ikjcr, pcmnlcs ov) Yo tnbnlcs ubk lksk ‚l“ mn hks qun sn nbiunbtrk k su tnlpnrkturk mn icbmnbskioùb y rntorklcs jjnhkr k icbmnbskr jk lunstrk. lunstr k. Jk ikbtomkm mn ikjcr k rntorkr pkrk icbmnbs icbmnbskr kr ubk lunstrk mn lksk ‚l“, ns ohukj k jk ikbtomkm qun sn kûkmorìk so nstuvonrk jìquomk j ìquomk y quosoïrklcs nvkpcrkrjk, nvkpcr krjk, pcr tkbtc, k jk niukioùb 6, jn kûkmolcs ub sohbc bnhktovc qun obmoik jk skjomk mn nbnrhìk. [ < - l@v (Ni.=)  Bùtnsn qun nb jcs pubtcs ooo) y ov) sn `kfjk mn tnlpnrkturks mn icbhnjkioùb y mn icbmnbskioùb, pkrnionrkb snr bunvcs icbinptcs pnrc mnfnlcs rnicrmkr qun jk tnlpnrkturk mn eusoùb ns ohukj k tnlpnrkturk mn icbhnjkioùb y jk tnlpnrkturk mn nfujjoioùb ns ohukj k jk tnlpnrkturk mn icbmnbskioùb. 6. I^VUK MN IKJNB]KLONB]C IKJ NB]KLONB]C _ NBEVOKLONB]C NBEVOKLONB]C  

Jk iurvk mn ikjnbtklonbtc ns ubk rnprnsnbtkioùb hrëeoi hrëeoik k ] vs [  mn ub prcinsc mn trkbsenrnbiok mn ikjcr k prnsoùb icbstkbtn, nb mcbmn sn lunstrkb jcs nenitcs mn sulobostrkrjn c rntorkrjn rntorkrj n ikjcr k ub sostnlk, yk snk icb ub kulnbtc mn tnlpnrkturk c ub iklfoc mn nstkmc. Nb jk eohurk ; sn lunstrk ub ngnlpjc mn iurvk iur vk mn ikjnbtklonbtc pkrk ubk sustkbiok purk7 nj khuk.

Eohurk ;

Jk ecrlk mn jks iurvks mn ikjnbtklonbtc scb ohukjns pkrk moenrnbtns sustkbioks purks k prnsoùb icbstkbtn, jk moenrnbiok rkmoik nb jcs vkjcrns bulïroics, yk qun ikmk sustkbiok tonbn sus prcpoks tnlpnrkturks mn eusoùb y vkpcrozkioùb, nb nj ngnlpjc mn jk eohurk sn lunstrkb jcs vkjcrns vkjcr ns pkrk nj khuk. Nb nj ngn `crozcbtkj, iklfokb tklfoïb jcs vkjcrns yk qun ikmk sustkbiok punmn snr lngcr icbmuitcr c kosjkbtn tïrloic y pcr tkbtc tnbnr lnbcr c lk lkycr ycr ikjcr nspniìeoic (nb sus moenrnbtns nstkmcs mn khrnhkioùb), ikjcr mn vkpcrozkioùb y ikjcr mn eusoùb. Jks jìbnks cfjoiuks mnj hrëeoic lunstrkb jcs prcinscs nb qun sn kpjoik ikjcr snbsofjn, ikjiujkmc iclc7 [ < l s ∅] < I∅]  (Ni.>) y jks jìbnks `crozcbtkjns lunstrkb lunstr kb prcinscs k tnlpnrkturk icbstkbtn, qun icrrnspcbmnb icrrns pcbmnb k jcs prcinscs mn iklfoc mn nstkmc (eusoùb/icbhnjkioùb (eusoùb/icbhnjki oùb y vkpcrozkioùb/icbmnbski vkpcrozkioùb/icbmnbskioùb) oùb) qun sn ikjiujkb icb jks niukiocbns ;, 6, 9 y = mn nstk huìk mn nstumocs. Nb jcs iëjiujcs mn ikjcr, ns sulklnbtn olpcrtkbtn tclkr nb iunbtk jk icbvnbioùb mn sohbcs nb jcs iklfocs mn nstkmc, nstc ns, kûkmor ub sohbc bnhktovc nb jcs iklfocs iklfoc s mn nstkmc nxctïrloics (nb jk iurvk mn ikjnbtklonbtc nstc ns jk icbhnjkioùb y jk icbmnbskioùb). Nb nj iksc mn jcs ikjcrns snbsofjns, snbsofjn s, jk moenrnbiok mn tnlpnrkturk tnlpnrktur k ∅] ns jk qun prcpcriocbkrë nj sohbc.

 

Jk tkfjk 6 lunstrk jks niukiocbns k kpjoikrsn nb ikmk ubk mn jks sniiocbns mn jk iurvk mn ikjnbtklonbtc ikjnbtklo nbtc lcstrkmk nb jk eohurk ;.   c    t   b   n    o   l   k    t   b   n    j   k    I   c    t   b   n    o   l   k    o   r    e   b    N

 < ∅ 

]24 y pcr tkbtc [24 ∅

 < ∅ 

]:4 y pcr tkbtc [:4 ∅

]kfjk 6  < ì∅ 

 <   

[24 eusoùb ns ub prcinsc nbmctïrloic

∅

  < ∖  

[:4 icbhnjkioùb ns ub prcinsc nxctïrloic

∅

]24 y pcr tkbtc [ 24

[24 vkpcrozkioùb ns ub prcinsc nbmctïrloic 

 < ì∅ 

 < ∖ 

]:4 y pcr tkbtc [:4

[tctkj < [; + [6 + [9 + [= + [>

 < ∅ 

 <  

]24 y pcr tkbtc [24 ∅

 < ∅ 

[:4 icbmnbskioùb ns ∅]:4 y pcr tkbtc ub prcinsc nxctïrloic [:4

(Ni.5) 

Ngnrioio Ngn rioio c rnsunjtc  

Nbubiokmc7  ³Iuëbtc ikjcr ns bninskroc kûkmor k ;h mn `onjc qun oboiokjlnbtn sn nbiunbtrk k -;44´I pkrk Nbubiokmc7  icbvnrtorjc nb vkpcr k 644´I3  Huoëbmcbcs pcr jk iurvk mn ikjnbtklonbtc mnj khuk mn jk eohurk eoh urk 6 ikjiujkrnl ikjiujkrnlcs cs nj ikjcr pcr pkscs qun Ycjuioùb7 Huoëbmcbcs Ycjuioùb7 sn mnskrrcjjkb mnsmn nj pubtc ‚o“ `kstk nj pubtc  ‚b“. ‚b“. 

Eohurk 6

Nj vkjcr mn jcs ikjcrns nspniìeoics mnj `onjc, khuk jìquomk y vkpcr mn khuk sn tclkrëb mn jk tkfjk ; mn jk huìk mn nstumoc mn jk snlkbk 6, y jcs ikjcrns mn eusoùb y mn vkpcrozkioùb, mn jk tkfjk ; mn nstk huìk mn nstumoc. @kfonbmc kijkrkmc jks eunbtns mn mktcs qun sn utojozkrëb, prcinmnlcs prcinmnl cs k ikjiujkr jks ikbtomkmns mn ikjcr pcr pkscs7 o  ’ g nb jk eohurk 6, nquovkjnbtn k [; mn jk eohurk ;7   Njnvkioùb mn tnlpnrkturk mn -;44´I k 4´I qun ns su

tnlpnrkturk  mn eusoùb utojozkbmc jk niukioùb ;4 y nj ikjcr nspniìeoic pkrk nj `onjc7

 

 g  ’ a nb j k eohur k 6, nquovkjnbtn k [6 nb jk eohur k ;7 ;7  Eusoùb mnj `onjc7 

a  ’ j nb j k eohur k 6, 6, nquovkjnbtn k [9 nb jk eohur k ;7 ;7  Ikjnbtklonbtc mnj khuk jìquomk mn 4´I k ;44´I qun ns su

tnlpnrkturk mn nfujjoioùb7

j  ’ l nb jk eo hurk 6, nquovkjnbtn k [= nb jk eohur k ;7 ;7  Ukpcrozkioùb mnj khuk7  khuk7 

l- b nb jk eo hurk 6, nquovkjnbtn k [> nb jk eohurk ;7 Ikjnbtklonbtc mnj vkpcr mn khuk mn ;44´I k 644´I7  

Eobkjlnbtn, sn sulkb tcmks jks ikbt Eobkjlnbtn, ikbtomkmns omkmns pkrk cftnbnr nj ikjcr tctkj (ni.5) qun bcs pomnb nb nj nbubiokmc7 nbubiokmc 7 [tctkj < >4ikj + 8?.8ikj + ;44ikj + >9?ikj + =0ikj < 0;5.8ikj   Vnspunstk7 0;5.8ikj  

TVCT^NY]CY   NGNVIOIOCY TVCT^NY]CY ;. Mntnrlobkr jk ikbtomkm mn ikjcr nb Ikjcrìks, Gcujns y aojc Gcujns pkrk jcs iklfocs sohuonbtns7 k) Eubmor 6 ah mn `onjc k 4´I f) vkpcrozkr 54h mn ntkbcj k 80´I i) icbhnjkr ;> h mn klcbìkic k -88.0´I m) eubmor 6 jofrks mn pjclc k 968´I 6.

Ikjiujkr jk ikbtomkm mn iikjcr, kjcr, nb Aojc Gcujns, pkrk icbvnrtor ;04 hrklcs mn khuk k ;4·I nb vkpc vkpcr. r.

9. Yo sn tonbnb 6>lj mn ntkbcj (mnbsomkm < 4.8?h/lj) k ;86.=´E, ;86.=´E, ³Iu ³Iuëbtc ëbtc ikjcr nb aG ns bninskroc pkrk eubmor ttcmc cmc nj ntkbcj3 =.

Nj kjul kjulobo oboc (Kj) ns ub lntkj johnrc, rnsostnbtn y funb icbmuitc icbmuitcr. r. Yu pubtc mn eusoùb ns 5>0´I. Mntnrlobkr jk ikbtomkm mn ikjcr bninskrok bninskro k pkrk icbvnrtor >4h mn kjuloboc sùjomc k 64´I, nb hks k 6=84´I. (Ikjcr nspnioeoic(s) 64 G/h1 tnlpnrkturk mn nfujjoioùb.

³Iuëbtc ikjcr (nb aG) sn utojozk pkrk icbvnrtor 84 h mn `onjc k ’ ;>·I k vkpcr k ;6> ·I3 ³Ns nbnrhìk jofnrkmk c kfscrfomk3

5. Tkrk prnpkrkr ub vksc mn tï `njkmc sn icjcikb 6>4 lj mn tï, iuyk tnlpnrkturk ns ;0.6℉, nb ub vksc qun icbtonbn > iufcs`onjc mn `onjc. Ikmk iufc tonbn tnb onbn ubk lkskmn kprcxolkmk mn ;> hrklcs. ³[uï eubmorë y iuëbtc qunmkrë ej ctkbmc ejctkbmc jk supnreoion nstk fnfomk3 Jk mnbsomkm mnj tï ikbtomkm `njkmc nsmn ;.4`onjc h/ilsn9 

 

y su ikjcr nspniìeoic ns =.6 G/h A. 8. Jk tnlp tnlpnrkturk nrkturk mn icbhnjkioùb mnj lnriuroc ns - 99?´I ?´I Ikjiujkr jk nbnrhìk ikjcrìeoi ikjcrìeoikk (nb Gcujns) qun sn jofnrk k jcs kjrnmnmcrns kj nberokr 6.4 lJ mn lnriuroc (mnbsomkm < ;9.5h/lJ) mn 69.4 k - 9?´I y mnspuïs sn icbhnjk `kstk ecrlkr ub sùjomc. Mnbsomkm < ;9.5h/ii1 ikjcr nspniìeoi nspniìeoicc < 4.;90 G/h´I1 Ikjcr mn eusoùb lJ mn fnbinbc (mnbsomkm < 4.0?? h/lj) k ;?.?´I sn nberìk `kstk su pubtc pubtc mn eusoùb (>.>´I) y mnspuïs sn icbhnjk. ³Iuëbtc ikjcr obtnrvonbn nb nj prcinsc3 ³Ns ikjcr jofnrkmc j ofnrkmc c kfscrfomc3 Ikjcr mn eusoùb´I y qun sn `ozc jjnhkr `kstk su eksn hksncsk k 80´I. ×boiklnbtn pkrtor mn nstcs mktcs ikjiujn7 k) Nj ikjcr mn eusoùb mnj ntkbcj nb G/h, f) Nj ikjcr nspniìeoic mnj ntkbcj nb su nstkmc jìquomc nb G/h´I. i) Nj ikjcr mn vkpcrozkioùb mnj ntkbcj nb G/h.