Guìa Pràctica para El Análisis de Accidentes

 

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9;:9

@SÁJ [YÊB]FBJ [JYJ CO JLJOFRFR MC JBBFMCL]CR OJIDYJOCR

Bdad sjicads quc oj flvcstf`jbfòl trjtj mc ooc`jr gjstj ojs bjusjs mco jbbfmcltc pjrj cofafljrojs, oj õlfbj jbtftum quc pdmcads jmdptjr cs oj mc bdojidrjr bdl oj flvcstf`jbfòl, mjlmd co aêxfad pdsfioc mc mctjoocs jo rcspcbtd. Bdl csd cstjrcads bdojidrjlmd chcbtfvjacltc j oj prcvclbfòl mc ods jbbfmcltcs, pucs sf cofafljads ojs bjusjs clbdltrjmjs, pdmcads cvftjr oj rcpctfbfòl mco jbbfmcltc. Rf ul jbbfmcltc, julquc scj ocvc sc rcpftc, ld jsc`urj quc co rcsuotjmd mc oj rcpctfbfòl scj f`ujo quc jltcs. Od quc jltcs huc ocvc, jo rcpctfrsc pucmc scr ld sdod `rjvc, sfld quc flbousd pucmc ooc`jr j scr hjtjo. Ljmfc pucmc jsc`urjr ojs bdlscbuclbfjs mc ul jbbfmcltc, y od õlfbd quc rcstj cs trjtjr mc cvftjr quc sc rcpftj. Mc jgá oj fapdrtjlbfj mc ulj iuclj flvcstf`jbfòl mco jbbfmcltc. Ldtfhfbjbfòl mc ods jbbfmcltcs Cl `clcrjo ods trjijejmdrcs ld flhdrajl d mclulbfjl jbbfmcltcs, hulmjacltjoacltc pdrquc5 :.- ]fclcl tcadr j ojs acmfmjs mfsbfpofljrfjs 9.- [rcdbupjbfòl sdirc co flhdrac 2.- [rcdbupjbfòl sdirc su rcputjbfòl =.- ]cadr jo trjtjafcltd aæmfbd 3.- Jltfpjtáj gjbfj co pcrsdljo aæmfbd 8.- Mcscd mc cvftjr oj fltcrrupbfòl mco trjijed 0.- Mcscd mc ajltclcr ofapfj su gdej mc vfmj 7.- [dbj bdaprclsfòl mc oj fapdrtjlbfj mc flhdrajrods. 6.- Hjotj mc adtfvjbfòl pjrj flvdoubrjrsc. Ldrajoacltc cl ojs caprcsjs cstê cstjiocbfmd pdr acmfd mco prd`rjaj mc RRO, oj diof`jtdrfcmjm mc flhdrajr ods jbbfmcltcs pdr ocvcs quc æstds scjl. Cstj cxf`clbfj dicmcbc j ojs mfspdsfbfdlcs mc oj oc`fsojbfòl ojidrjo prcvcltfvj y j oj lcbcsfmjm mc flvcstf`jr y jljofzjr ods gcbgds, pjrj jmdptjr ojs acmfmjs prcvcltfvjs pcrtflcltcs. :. Ycspdlsjioc mc oj flvcstf`jbfòl Co rcspdlsjioc mc gjbcr oj flvcstf`jbfòl cs co supcrvfsdr mco êrcj. êrcj. [crd, ´[drquæ æo y ld co clbjr`jmd mc sc`urfmjm, pdr cecapod4 Ojs rjzdlcs pjrj quc oj flvcstf`jbfòl oj gj`j co supcrvfsdr sdl5 j.- Co, cs qufcl acedr bdldbc tjltd co trjijed bdad j ods trjijejmdrcs. i.- Cs co rcspdlsjioc pdr oj sc`urfmjm mc su `cltc. b.- Cs qufæl mcic jpofbjr oj jbbfòl bdrrcbtfvj y, pdr od tjltd mcic cstjr bdlvclbfmd mc cooj. [dr cstjs rjzdlcs, co supcrvfsdr mcic gjbcr oj flvcstf`jbfòl, jmcaês bdl cstd, aucstrj su bdaprdafsd bdl co trjijejmdr, bdl oj caprcsj y bdl co afsad. Oj ojidr mco rcspdlsjioc mc Rc`urfmjm d [rcvclbfdlfstj mc Yfcs`ds, scrê oj mc jyumjr jo supcrvfsdr cl oj flvcstf`jbfòl y oj mc hjbfoftjroc ods acmfds pjrj oocvjroj j iucl tcrafld. Slj vcz clbdltrjmjs ojs bjusjs quc adtfvjrdl co jbbfmcltc, scrê diof`jbfòl mco supcrvfsdr usjr tdmds ods acmfds quc cstêl j su jobjlbc pjrj cofafljr mfbgjs bjusjs. 9. [jsds pjrj gjbcr ulj flvcstf`jbfòl ´Buêo cs oj acedr hdraj mc gjbcr oj flvcstf`jbfòl4 Mcicads rcspdlmcr ojs sf`ufcltcs prc`ultjs5 :.- ´Zufæl cs co jbbfmcltjmd4 9.- ´Mòlmc dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4 2.- ´Buêlmd dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4 =.- ´Bòad dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4 3.- ´[dr quæ dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4 8.- ´Zufælcs hucrdl ods tcstf`ds mco jbbfmcltc4

‟CL]YCLJADR V JBDA[JL JADR [JYJ CO C WF]D ‟

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JRCBJ[YD  JRCBJ[YD 

9;:9

@SÁJ [YÊB]FBJ [JYJ CO JLJOFRFR MC JBBFMCL]CR OJIDYJOCR

.- ´Zufæl ´Zufæl cs co jbbfmcltjmd4 Ldrajoacltc sc pfclsj quc cstj prc`ultj cs hêbfo mc rcspdlmcr. Rfl caijr`d, oj prc`ultj cxf`c tclcr ul bujmrd bdapoctd mc oj sftujbfòl. Ld sòod sc trjtj mc sjicr co ldairc y oj cmjm mc oj pcrsdlj jbbfmcltjmj, sfld tjaifæl ods júds quc oocvj cl oj caprcsj y oj cxpcrfclbfj quc tfclc cl co trjijed, cl co bujo sc jbbfmcltò. Mcicads fmcltfhfbjr æo bjr`d. ]jaifæl sc trjtj mc sjicr qufæl cs co supcrvfsdr flacmfjtd y jo êrcj j oj quc cstê jmsbrftd. .- ´Mòlmc dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4 Ycspdlmcr j cstj prc`ultj sf`lfhfbj tclcr ul bujmrd mctjoojmd mco sftfd cxjbtd cl quc dburrfò co jbbfmcltc. Aubgds supcrvfsdrcs sc bdlhdrajl bdl mcsbrfpbfdlcs `clcrjocs, tjocs bdad5 ‟@jrjec mc oj caprcsj d pjtfd mc oj idmc`j‑ Bujlmd od quc sc pfmc sdl mcsbrfpbfdlcs quc jyumcl j bojrfhfbjr co jbbfmcltc. Cl ods bjsds aclbfdljmds, ojs mcsbrfpbfdlcs mcicrájl scr5 hdsd mc ouirfbjbfòl, ojmd fzqufcrmd mco joajbcljafcltd mc tjaidrcs vjbáds, vcrcmj mcrcbgj mc jbbcsd jo tjoocr, pucrtj sur mco tjoocr. .- ´Buêlmd dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4  Jgdrj sc trjtj trjtj mc sjic sjicrr ld sòod oj gdrj cxj cxjbtj btj j oj bujo d dburrfò burrfò co jbbfmcltc. jbbfmcltc. Ycspdlmcr Ycspdlmcr oj oj prc`ultj sf`lfhfbj sjicr oj hucltc mco jbbfmcltc, vjoc mcbfr, co trjijed quc oj pcrsdlj rcjofzjij cl co adacltd adacltd cl quc sc jbbfmcltò. Rf oj jbtfvfmjm quc cstjij cecbutjlmd tfclc rcojbfòl bdl ojs hulbfdlcs y cqufpds mc trjijed cstjiocbfmj pjrj co bjr`d. Co fmcjo cs ooc`jr jquá tjaifæl gjstj co mctjooc mc oj ctjpj mco trjijed quc oj pcrsdlj rcjofzjij. Cood pcraftfrê bojrfhfbjr aês jmcojltc bdl hjbfofmjm ods jbtds y ojs bdlmfbfdlcs flsc`urjs quc bdltrfiuycrdl j quc co jbbfmcltc sc prdmuecrj. .- ´Bòad ´Bòad dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4  Jo rcspdlmcr rcspdlmcr cstj prc`ultj prc`ultj cstjads cstjads uifbj uifbjlmd lmd co tfca tfcapd pd mco jbbf jbbfmcltc mcltc quc tuvd ou`jr. ou`jr. Mcicads tclcr cl bucltj cl quæ hdraj oj pcrsdlj gfzd bdltjbtd bdl su jaifcltc. Rf jo`d mc csc jaifcltc huc gjbfj oj pcrsdlj d sf oj pcrsdlj sc advfò gjbfj co diectd mco jaifcltc, sf oj ocsfòl sc prdmued pdr oj hucrzj mco bdltjbtd d sf ld guid lfl`ulj hucrzj cl æo. Mcsmc ouc`d, pjrj pdmcr mjr ulj iuclj rcspucstj lcbcsftjrcads sjicr tjaifæl bdad cs oj ocsfòl mco jbbfmcltjmd y quc rcojbfòl cxfstc cltrc cooj y co diectd quc oj prdmued. .- ´[drquæ dburrfò co jbbfmcltc4 Oj õotfaj prc`ultj sc mfrf`c j ojs bjusjs mco jbbfmcltc. Mcicads vfsujofzjr bdl cooj ods jbtds y ojs bdlmfbfdlcs flsc`urjs quc bdltrfiuycrdl j quc co jbbfmcltc tuvfcrj ou`jr, j ods hjbtdrcs pcrsdljocs y mco trjijed. Cs ldrajo quc sc prcscltcl ods mds tfpds mc bjusjs cl ods jbbfmcltcs. Jaids mcicl qucmjr tdtjoacltc bojrfhfbjmds bdl co hfl mc pdmcr mfrf`fr bdl chfbfclbfj oj huturj jbbfòl bdrrcbtfvj. Cs lcbcsjrfd mcejr bojrd quc ods jbtds y ojs bdlmfbfdlcs flsc`urjs tfclcl j su vcz bjusjs, y quc mcicads ooc`jr j cofafljr csjs bjusjs sf qucrcads gjbcr ul chcbtfvd bdltrdo mc ods rfcs`ds quc prdmubcl jbbfmcltcs. Mctrês mc ods jbtds flsc`urds cstêl ods hjbtdrcs pcrsdljocs y mctrês mc ojs bdlmfbfdlcs flsc`urjs, cstêl sus bjusjs drf`cl d hjbtdrcs mco trjijed, y j jaids mcicads mfrf`fr lucstrds cshucrzds prcvcltfvds. Ld gjbcrod, sf`lfhfbj mcejr jifcrtj ojs bjusjs pjrj oj rcpctfbfòl mc ods jbtds y mc ojs bdlmfbfdlcs flsc`urjs y, j oj ojr`j, mc ods jbbfmcltcs. ´Buêocs hucrdl ojs bjusjs4 Ld sc pucmc mjr pdr hfljofzjmj ulj flvcstf`jbfòl sf ld sc gj ooc`jmd jo hdlmd mc oj afsaj, cstjs sdl mctcrafljr bojrjacltc bujocs hucrdl ojs bjusjs mco jbbfmcltc. Ods jbbfmcltcs ld sc prdmubcl pdr bjsujofmjm lf sdl gcbgds hdrtuftds pdr jzjr.  Jo gjiojr mc bjusjs sc qufcrc mcbfr quc sfcaprc gjy jo`d d jo`ufcl quc prdmubc prdmubc co jbbfmcltc. [ucmcl scr5 j.- Jbbfòl flsc`urj, prdmubfmj pdr co trjijejmdr, pdr cecapod clcr`fzjr ulj ajquflj cl rcpjrjbfòl. i.- Bdlmfbfòl flsc`urj, prdmubfmj pdr co cltdrld mc trjijed, pdr cecapod ajqufljrfj cl ajo cstjmd.

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JRCBJ[YD  JRCBJ[YD 

9;:9

@SÁJ [YÊB]FBJ [JYJ CO JLJOFRFR MC JBBFMCL]CR OJIDYJOCR

[rflbfpfd mc bjusjofmjm mc ods jbbfmcltcs Ods jbbfmcltcs dburrcl pdrquc gjy bjusjs quc od prdvdbjl Cstjs bjusjs sc pucmcl mctcrafljr y cofafljr d bdltrdojr. -´ ´Zufælcs Zufælcs hucrdl ods tcstf`ds mco jbbfmcltc4 Ods tcstf`ds sdl tjaifæl oj hucltc mc flhdrajbfòl mco jbbfmcltc. [jrj bdltcstjr ojs prc`ultjs pojltcjmjs, co supcrvfsdr mcic rcburrfr j tdmjs ojs hucltcs mc flhdrajbfòl quc cstæl j su jobjlbc. Mfbgjs hucltcs sdl5 j.- Oj cltrcvfstj j ods tcstf`ds y jo ocsfdljmd. i.- Co cstumfd mco sftfd mco jbbfmcltc. b.- Co cstumfd mc ods cqufpds y gcrrjafcltjs flvdoubrjmds. m.- Ycbdlstftubfòl mco jbbfmcltc. @clcrjoacltc bdl ods trcs prfacrds acmfds, sc od`rj cl oj ajydráj mc ojs vcbcs jbojrjr ods mctjoocs mco jbbfmcltc. Ròod cl bjsd mc quc pcrsfstjl mumjs, co supcrvfsdr mcic rcburrfr j oj bujrtj hucltc, tclfclmd cspcbfjo bufmjmd cl ld rcpctfr co jbtd d bdlmfbfòl flsc`urj quc mfd drf`cl jo jbbfmcltc. Lulbj sc mcicl cltrcvfstjr j ods tcstf`ds eultds, y quc ld bdacltcl co jbbfmcltc cltrc coods jltcs mc oj cltrcvfstj, pdr ods pdsfiocs bjaifds cl oj mcbojrjbfòl.  Cltrcvfstj j ods tcstf`ds y jo ocsfdljmd Mc tdmds ods pdsfiocs acmfds mc flhdrajbfòl, oj quc prcscltj ajydr bdapocefmjm, cs oj cltrcvfstj j ods tcstf`ds y jo ocsfdljmd j rjáz mco jbbfmcltc. Ojs sftujbfdlcs quc sc prcscltjl sdl mc fltcrjbbfòl guajlj, pucs cl co mcsjrrdood mc ulj cltrcvfstj, co supcrvfsdr mcic bdlvclbcr jo trjijejmdr, mc od vjofdsj quc cs su jyumj pjrj oj flvcstf`jbfòl mco jbbfmcltc y mc quc bdl oj flvcstf`jbfòl ld sc cstê iusbjlmd buopjioc mco jbbfmcltc, sfld bdldbcr ojs bjusjs mco jbbfmcltc pjrj cofafljrojs. Csqucaj rcbdaclmjmd mc ulj cltrcvfstj .- Ycbdrmjr j ods trjijejmdrcs co prdpòsftd mc oj flvcstf`jbfòl. Ycbdrmjr quc ld sc iusbj buopjiocs lf bjstf`jr j ljmfc, quc co õlfbd diectfvd y cshucrzd cs ooc`jr j ojs bjusjs mco jbbfmcltc pjrj cofafljrojs. .- [cmfr ul rcojtd od aês diectfvd pdsfioc mc ods gcbgds Bujlmd oj pcrsdlj cstæ gjbfclmd co rcojtd, ld fltcrruapfroj pdr lfl`õl adtfvd. ]dajr ldtjs csbrftjs. ]dajr ldtj acltjo y `ujrmjr bujoqufcr mumj pjrj bujlmd oj pcrsdlj gjyj tcrafljmd su rcojtd y rc`fstrjr oj flhdrajbfòl. .- Gjbcr prc`ultjs quc bdapocacltcl co rcojtd Slj vcz tcrafljmj oj cxpdsfbfòl mc ods trjijejmdrcs, vcrfhfbjr bujoqufcr mumj quc sc gjyj prcscltjmd. [rc`ultjr bdl tjbtd, trjtjlmd mc csbubgjr oj vcrsfòl mc oj pcrsdlj y ld mc pdlcr oj vcrsfòl prdpfj cl oj idbj mc oj dtrj pcrsdlj. Ycbdrmjr, jmcaês, quc tdmds sdads pdbd diectfvds y quc rcbdrmjads gjicr vfstd sòod od quc lds bdlvfclc. ]rjtjr cltdlbcs, mc ooc`jr jo aêxfad mc diectfvfmjm pdsfioc. .- Xcrfhfbjr sf co flvcstf`jmdr bdaprclmfò od quc subcmfò Ouc`d mc jbojrjmjs ojs mumjs, oj pcrsdlj quc cltrcvfstj bucltj oj vcrsfòl quc gj csbubgjmd y pfmc oj bdrrcbbfòl lcbcsjrfj sf gj gjifmd jo`õl ajo cltclmfmd. - Mfsbutfr bdl co cltrcvfstjmd pdsfiocs acmfmjs pjrj cvftjr oj rcpctfbfòl mco jbbfmcltc. Cstd õotfad sc gjbc bdl mds diectfvds5 j. Ychdrzjr co diectfvd flfbfjo mc oj flvcstf`jbfòl, quc vj mfrf`fmj j cofafljr ojs bjusjs. i. Od`rjr ulj ajydr pjrtfbfpjbfòl y adtfvjbfòl mco trjijejmdr j trjvæs mc su rctrdjofacltjbfòl.

‟CL]YCLJADR V JBDA[JL JADR [JYJ CO C WF]D ‟

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9;:9

JRCBJ[YD  JRCBJ[YD 

@SÁJ [YÊB]FBJ [JYJ CO JLJOFRFR MC JBBFMCL]CR OJIDYJOCR

Cstumfd mco sftfd mco jbbfmcltc  Jo gjbcrod, co supcrvfsdr supcrvfsdr mcic uifbjr oj pdsfbfòl quc oj pcrsdlj tcláj jltcs mco jbbfmcltc y cl oj quc qucmò ouc`d mco afsad. Mcic vcr bujocs hucrdl ods advfafcltds quc bjmj uld gfzd jltcs, murjltc y mcspuæs mco jbbfmcltc. Mcic iusbjr ojs bdlmfbfdlcs quc gfbfcrdl pdsfioc co jbbfmcltc. [jrj tdmd cood lcbcsftj quc co ou`jr ld scj jrrc`ojmd mcspuæs mco jbbfmcltc. ]dmd jrrc`od mcic cspcrjr, sfcaprc quc scj pdsfioc, oj rcjofzjbfòl mc oj flvcstf`jbfòl. Cstumfd mc cqufpds y/d ajtcrfjocs flvdoubrjmds Ods cqufpds y/d ajtcrfjocs pucmcl scr pjrtc mco sftfd mco subcsd, jo f`ujo quc cl co cstumfd mco sftfd mco jbbfmcltc, jgdrj sc trjtj mc vcr sf jo`ulj bdlmfbfòl mco cqufpd bdltrfiuyò jo jbbfmcltc. [ucmc subcmcr quc gjyj mchcbtds mc mfscúd d mc ajltclfafcltd, bdad tjaifæl pucmc subcmcr quc gjyj gjifmd mchcbtds cl su dpcrjbfòl. Cstjs trcs hucltcs sdl suhfbfcltcs pjrj ditclcr ulj faj`cl bojrj mc oj hdraj cl quc dburrfò co jbbfmcltc y mc ojs bjusjs quc od prdvdbjrdl. Bujlmd flvcstf`jr  Oj flvcstf`jbfòl mco jbbfmcltc mcic gjbcrsc od aês rêpfmd pdsfioc. Co supcrvfsdr mcic trjtjr mc gjbcroj j oj ircvcmjm. Cl lfl`õl bjsd mcejroj pjrj aês jmcojltc, hulmjacltjoacltc pdr mds rjzdlcs5 :.- Afcltrjs aês prdltd sc gj`j oj flvcstf`jbfòl, aclds diectds scrêl advfmjs mco sftfd mco jbbfmcltc. 9.- Afcltrjs aês hrcsbds cstæl ods rcbucrmds, aês diectfvjs scrêl ojs vcrsfdlcs quc ods tcstf`ds cltrc`jrêl. Afcltrjs aês tfcapd pjsc, ajydr scrê oj flhouclbfj mc ods scltfafcltds sdirc ods rcbucrmds. Zuc tfpd mc jbbfmcltcs sc mcicl flvcstf`jr  Rc mcicl flvcstf`jr tdmds ods jbbfmcltcs c flbfmcltcs, flbousd f lbousd jqucoods quc ld gjl tclfmd bdad bdlscbuclbfj ulj ocsfòl `rjvc d ul mjúd. Rfl caijr`d, cs lcbcsjrfd scr prêbtfbds y capczjr

flvcstf`jlmd ods jbbfmcltcs quc gjl prdmubfmd ocsfdlcs aês `rjvcs d mjúds aês `rjlmcs. [dr ojs ocsfdlcs aês `rjvcs, mcicads cltclmcr tdmd jbbfmcltc quc gjyj prdmubfmd ulj pcrmfmj mc tfcapd f`ujo d supcrfdr j ul máj mc trjijed. Cl dtrjs pjojirjs co trjijejmdr sc juscltò mc su trjijed pdr ul máj ojidrjo. [dr mjúds aês `rjlmcs, mcicads cltclmcr tdmd jbbfmcltc quc `clcrj flbjpjbfmjm jo trjijejmdr (tcapdrjo- pcrajlcltc) d oj aucrtc aucrtc jmcaês quc pjrjofzò ul cqufpd mctclfclmd oj prdmubbfòl d hulbfòl hulbfòl mc trjijed.  J acmfmj quc jvjlbc oj jbbfòl jbbfòl mc prcvclbfòl mc rfcs`ds d b bdltrdo dltrdo mco rfcs`d dpcrjbfdljo cl oj caprcsj, caprcsj, mcicads jvjlzjr ul pjsd aês cl oj flvcstf`jbfòl mc ods jbbfmcltcs quc mctcrfdrjl ods prdbcsds prdmubtfvds, prdvdbjlmd pærmfmjs pjrj oj caprcsj. Oj flvcstf`jbfòl mc cstds jbbfmcltcs cs lcbcsjrfj pdr  bujltd aubgjs vcbcs pucmcl oocvjr j jbbfmcltcs aês `rjvcs, sf sc rcpftcl. Ods jbbfmcltcs quc pdmrájads oojajr "acldrcs" sdl jvfsds mc jbbfmcltcs "ajydrcs". [rflbfpfds quc ld mcicl dovfmjrsc5 :.- [rfacrd cstê oj jtclbfòl jo ocsfdljmd, sf j bdlscbuclbfjs mco jbbfmcltc guid jo`uld. 9.- Co rcspctd j ojs pcrsdljs mcic prfajr sfcaprc, tjltd cl ojs jbbfdlcs j tdajr, bdad cl oj hdraj mc tdajrojs.   Lfl`ulj flvcstf`jbfòl cs od suhfbfcltcacltc fapdrtjltc, pjrj pjsjr pdr jotd jo`uld mc cstds mds prflbfpfds.

. Bdlscbuclbfjs mc ods jbbfmcltcs Oj ocsfòl j ods trjijejmdrcs cs sòod ulj mc ojs bdlscbuclbfjs pdsfiocs mc ods jbbfmcltcs. Ycsuotj quc co jbbfmcltc cs ul gcbgd flcspcrjmd quc prdmubc pærmfmjs, y bdad tjo tfclc dtrjs bdlscbuclbfjs jo`uljs prcvfstjs y dtrjs ld. Flbousd jo`uljs mc cstjs pdsfiocs pærmfmjs sc pucmcl jsc`urjr. Ocsfòl tcapdrjo- pcrajlcltc, flbousd oj aucrtc. [crmfmj mc tfcapd  Jbbfmcltc Mjúd j cqufpds y/d ajtcrfjocs, gcrrjafcltjs Mjúd jo acmfd jaifcltc Mcspcrmfbfd.

‟CL]YCLJADR V JBDA[JL JADR [JYJ CO C WF]D ‟

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