Guia para Comprar Primera Casa

 

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh 

prhjlrg egsg

 

      l       e        h

5

Hmtrbaueehõm

1

[lquhshtbs lslmehgils (lm`gmenl, sgigrhb, nhstbrhgi erlahthehb)

6

Erèahtb nhpbtlegrhb? Ib qul alkls sgklr

73

Ig kÿsqulag ebjhlmzg? ²aõmal quhlrls vhvhr2

7;

²Egsg mulvg b usgag2

75

Srl`umtgs pgrg li vlmalabr /frleulmtls aul÷b

7<

Srbelsb al ebjprg

70

Ebmeiushõm

7>

²Ql `ustgrêg sgklr sh pulals ebjprgr umg egsg2

       a       m          Ê

 

Hmtrbaueehõm

Ebjb ebjprgabr al prhjlrg egsg, thlmls um egjhmb igr`b y ljbehbmgmtl pbr rlebrrlr. Uh quhlrls g`rl`gr g tu pgtrhjbmhb um hmjulkil y ngelr lstg `rgm hmvlrshõm al jgmlrg hmtlih`lmtl, li prbelsb mb alkl tbjgrsl g ig ih`lrg yg qul slrç umg al igs jgybrls y jçs hjpbrtgmtls ebjprgs qul ngrçs g ib igr`b al tbag tu vhag.

Ngy qul tbjgr lm eulmtg ahvlrsbs fgetbrls y lstgkilelr umg lstrgtl`hg qul tl plrjhtg pl rjhtg tbjgr ig jlobr alehshõm. Lstg `uêg tl jbstrgrç ibs gspletbs lslmehgils g ebmshalrgr pgrg ebjprgr tu prhjlrg egsg.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

5

 

[lquhshtbs Lslmehgils

al ebjhshõm pbr gplrturg al erèahtb, ig hmvlsth`gehõm al tu nhstbrhgi erlahthehb, lteètlrg). Lstl ls li jbjlmtb lm qul pbarêgs ngelr umg prlegihfhegehõm kgmegrhg, ig eugi tl ahrç g euçmtb erèahtb egihfhegrêgs kgsgab lm tu nhstbrhgi erlahthehb l hm`rlsbs jlmsugils. Lstb tl agrç umg halg ali prlsupulstb qul thlmls, pgrg qul pulags lil`hr umg egsg qul sl gelrqul g èstl.

Xg slg qul usls Hmfbmgvht, Fbvhssstl, Kgmegrhb b gi`ÿm btrb, ebmbelr lstg egmthaga tl gyuagrç g sgklr ebm euçmtb ahmlrb rlgijlmtl eulmtgs pgrg ebjprgr tu prhjlrg egsg4 rleulrag qul li jbmtb al tu erèahtb vg g alplmalr al tus hm`rlsbs, egpgehaga al pg`b, nhstbrhgi erlahthehb, y lm `lmlrgi, al tu shtugehõm lebmõjheg.

Ls hjpbrtgmtl qul tlm`gs li ahmlrb ali lm`gmenl y um pbeb jçs, alkhab g tbabs ibs `gstbs

Gshjhsjb, ls mlelsgrhb qul sh vgs g uthihzgr um erèahtb pgrg ebjprgr

QHS? Li vgibr al um hmjulkil sukl

qul hrçm sgihlmab  lm li prbelsb (ebjb ig lserhturgehõm, ibs `gstbs

tu egsg, ebmbzegs juy khlm euçi. ls li jbmtb gi qul pbarçs geelalr geelalr.

²Eõjb sgklr sh lstçs ihstb pgrg ebjprgr tu prhjlrg egsg2  

Ib prhjlrb ls tlmlr gnbrrbs, shljprl pulals rleurrhr g um erèahtb hmjbkhihgrhb plrb pbr ib `lmlrgi èstbs sõib eukrlm li >3% b 83% ali vgibr al ig prbphlaga. Ig egmthaga qul rlstg ls li lm`gmenl qul alkls gpbrtgr ebm rleursbs prbphbs.

ebm ibs g÷bs, gi ebmtrgrhb al btrbs khlmls.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

1

 

²G euçmtb gsehlmal tu sgigrhb jlmsugi2 

Ngy umg lsplehl al rl`ig (mb lserhtg) hmtlrmgehbmgi qul rlebjhlmag mb `gstgr jçs ali 53% al tu hm`rlsb gi pg`b al umg nhpbtleg. Lstb quhlrl alehr qul sh `gmgs ;3 jhi plsbs, mb alklrêgs al pg`gr jçs al 6 jhi gi jls pbr tu mulvg egsg. Ebmshalrg lstb pgrg qul mb tl lmaluals ebm jçs al ib qul pbarêgs pg`gr. Uh thlmls aluags (tgroltgs al erèahtb, alpgrtgjlmtgils, erèahtb gutbjbtrhz), mb alklrêgm suplrgr li 73% al tu hm`rlsb. Lstb ls ebmshalrgab pbr ibs kgmebs l hmsthtuehbmls fhmgmehlrgs pgrg altlrjhmgr li jbmtb ali erèahtb y ig gprbkgehõm ali jhsjb.

Abeujlmtgehõm Qbag ig abeujlmtgehõm mlelsgrhg alkls tlmlrigèstg lm um jhsjb iu`gr pgrg prlslmtgrig eugmab tl slg rlqulrhag, hmeiuyl?

Halmthfhegehõm bfhehgi ebm fbtb`rg fbtb`rgfêg fêg (HML, pgsgpbrtl, eèauig prbflshbmgi, egrthiig jhihtgr). jhihtgr). Getg al mgehjhlmtb y lm egsb al tlmlrig, al jgtrhjbmhb. Egrtg igkbrgi hmahegmab gmth`ùlaga, pulstb y sgigrhb plrehkhab. [lehkbs al mõjhmg al ibs ÿithjbs 5 jlsls. Lstgab al eulmtg al enlquls b hmvlrshõm. [lpbrtl al Kurõ al Erèahtb. Lstgabs al eulmtg al tgroltgs al erèahtb y alpgrtgjlmtgils.

[leulrag ngelr prlsupulstbs, lstb sh`mhfheg tlmlr ebmehlmehg y slr shmelrb al euçmtb ahmlrb `gmgs y euçmtb `gstgs gi jls. \mg vlz qul tlm`gs lm jlmtl euçi ls tu shtugehõm fhmgmehlrg rlgi, ls jbjlmtb al plmsgr lm ibs erèahtbs nhpbtlegrhbs.

QHS? Mb ljphlels g kusegr egsgs ngstg

mb sgklr li rgm`b al prlehbs qul pulals pg`gr. 

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

<  

Erèahtb Nhpbtlegrhb Ib qul alkls sgklr

Getugijlmtl, lxhstlm juengs bpehbmls al fhmgmehgjhlmtb  pgrg ebjprgr um hmjulkil. Lmtrl lstgs bpehbmls lmebmtrgjbs ibs kgmebs, hmsthtuehbmls `uklrmgjlmtgils (Hmfbmgvht y Fbvhssstl), Ubehlagals Fhmgmehlrgs al Bkoltb Ihjhtgab (Ubfbi) y Ubehlagals Fhmgmehlrgs al Bkoltb Jÿithpil (Ubfbj). Gfbrtumgagjlmtl ls um `rgm jbjlmtb pgrg gpihegr yg qul ibs kgmebs lstçm bfrlehlmab tgsgs juy kgogs y fhmgmehgjhlmtbs fhmgm ehgjhlmtbs al ngstg li 83% ali vgibr tbtgi ali hmjulkil.

Gshjhsjb, lxhstlm juenbs juen bs btrbs thpbs al erèahtb ebjb ibs qul bfrlelm ljprlsgs ebjb Sltrõilbs Jlxhegmbs (Sljlx), umhvlrshagals b gutbfhmgmehgjhlmtbs. Ib hjpbrtgmtl ls qul slpgs qul pulals pg`gr pbr tu prbphg egsg, shljprl ngy bpehbmls y `rgehgs gi hjpuisb g ig vhvhlmag qul sl ng agab lm mulstrb pgês egag vlz ls jçs fçehi, galjçs al qul lxhstl ig ebgerlahtgehõm (tÿ y tu pgrlog pulalm oumtgr sus erèahtbs pgrg pg`gr umg egsg).

um hmjulkil ebm um erèahtb QHS? Ebjprgr nhpbtlegrhb ls ngelr um ebjprbjhsb qul pulal aurgr jçs al 7< g÷bs. Euhag tus fhmgmzgs pgrg eujpihr ebm lstb.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

6  

Li erèahtb nhpbtlegrhb jçs ebjÿm lm Jèxheb ls li btbr`gab pbr hmsthtuehbmls `uklrmgjlmtgils ebjb li Hmfbmgvht y Fbvhssstl. Lstbs erèahtbs sl btbr`gm g ibs trgkgogabrls gsgigrhgabs y g ibs qul trgkgogm pgrg alplmalmehgs ali `bkhlrmb.

Qgjkhèm pulals umhr tus hm`rlsbs pgrg trgjhtgr um erèahtb nhpbtlegrhb ebm Hmfbmgvht b gi`umg hmsthtuehõm kgmegrhg ebm tu pgrlog sh lstçm egsgabs pbr ig umhõm ehvhi. Lstb sl iigjg erèahtb ebmyu`gi y ils plrjhthrç gaquhrhr umg egsg al jgybr prlehb.

QHS?

Lm li egsb al Fbvhss Fbvhssstl, stl, sh vhvlm lm umhõm ihkrl tgjkhèm pulalm gpihegr pgrg um erèahtb jgmebjumgab, alklrçm prlslmtgr um elrthfhegab mbtgrhgab al ebmeukhmgtb (qul ah`g qul ngm vhvhab oumtbs pbr ib jlmbs < g÷bs).

Sgrg ebmsuitgr tu pumtugehõm, ngz umg prlegihfhegehõm al erèahtb lm li Sbrtgi al Hmfbmgvht, Hmfbmgvht, sbib mlelshtgs tu mÿjlrb al Ul`urb Ubehgi.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

0  

Qèrjhmbs qul alkls ebmbelr? Almbjhmgehõm ali erèahtb

Ebstb Gmugi Qbtgi (EGQ)

Ebjhshõm pbr gplrturg

Hmahegabr ali ebstb tbtgi gi g÷b ali fhmgmehgjhlmtb. Ls gpihegkil g tbab thpb al erèahtb pbr ib qul lstl agtb tl gyuagrç g ebjpgrgr li ebstb fhmgmehlrb lmtrl ahflrlmtls erèahtbs.

Sg`b qul sl alkl lfletugr pbr li nlenb al ebmtrgtgr um erèahtb. Ul altlrjhmg ebjb um pbrelmtgol ali jbmtb ali erèahtb4 `lmlrgijlmtl sl trgtg al um pg`b ÿmheb.

\mhaga al vgibr lm ig qul sl btbr`grç li erèahtb? plsbs, aõigrls b umhagals al hmvlrshõ hmvlrshõm m (\AHU).

Lm`gmenl

Lserhturgehõm

Jbmtb fhmgmehgkil  

Alsljkbisb hmhehgi ebm li qul sl

Hjpbrtl al ibs pg`bs mbtgrhgils,

Srbpbrehõm ali vgibr ali hmjulkil

prltlmal gsl`urgr umg bplrgehõm al ebjprg-vlmtg. Uulil slr umg prbpbrehõm ali vgibr ali hmjulkil qul vg al 73 g 5

 

Qèrjhmbs qul alkls ebmbelr? Sõihzg al sl`urb ebilethvb Abeujlmtb lm li qul ebmstgm ibs alrlenbs y igs bkih`gehbmls al igs pgrtls ebmtrgtgmtls. Èstg fbrjg pgrtl hmtl`rgmtl ali ebmtrgtb, gsê ebjb sus ebmahehbmls `lmlrgils, pgrtheuigrls y lsplehgils, li eulsthbmgrhb jèaheb, ibs elrthfhegabs hmahvhaugils al sl`urbs ebilethvbs, ibs lmabsbs, igs sbihehtuals y eugiquhlr btrb fbrjuigrhb.

\AHs  Ubm umg umhaga al eulmtg qul rlfilog ibs egjkhbs lm ibs prlehbs gi ebmsujhabr lm Jèxheb. Sbr loljpib, sh umg plrsbmg alkl 73 \AHs y ig \AH vgil 1 plsbs, alkl 13 plsbs4 sh ig \AH sukl g 1.;, alkl 1; plsbs. Lmtbmels, ig aluag gujlmtg eugmab erlel li vgibr al ig \AH. Ibs pigzbs al ibs erèahtbs lm \AHs sbm jçxhjb al ;< g÷bs.

Qgsg al hmtlrès 

Srbtleehõm [lvhsg sh ig nhpbtleg thlml sl`urb

Ebstb qul tlmarç li erèahtb,

pbr alsljpilb y sl`urb al vhag.

lxprlsgab lm pbrelmtgol.

Qgsg al hmtlrès jbrgtbrhg

Vgibr ali hmjulkil.

 

Ul rlfhlrl g su prlehb. Egr`b gpihegab pbr ig hmsthtuehõm pbr ebmelptb al pg`bs vlmehabs, lstb ls, eugmab tl gtrgsgs lm ibs pg`bs.

QHS?

Ebmsuitg g um gslsbr hmjbkhihgrhb qul pulal gyuagrtl lm li prbelsb al trgjhtgr um erèahtb nhpbtlegrhb.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

8

 

Ig kÿsqulag ebjhlmzg

²Aõmal quhlrls vhvhr2

Qu egsg alkl gagptgrsl g tu lsthib al vhag y tlmlr egrgetlrêsthegs ebm igs qul lstèm al geulrab tbabs ibs qul vgm g vhvhr lm liig. Ngz umg ihstg al prhbrhagals? ²lm aõmal quhlrls vhvhr2 ²prlfhlrls um iu`gr eçihab b umb jçs frêb2 ²tl hmtlrlsg umg zbmg urkgmg b umg gilogag al ig ebm`ibjlrgehõm ehtgahmg2 ehtgahmg2 [leulrag qul lmtrl jçs lstrhetb slgs sbm lstgs lsplehfhegehbmls, jlmbs bpehbmls hmjbkhihgrhgs tlmarçs. Wuhzç quhlrls umg egsg al abs phsbs lm li elmtrb al ig ehuaga, plrb ls jçs prbkgkil qul lmeulmtrls l meulmtrls alpgrtgjlmtbs b egsgs jçs plqul÷gs. Qlm lm eulmtg tus pbshkhihagals fhmgmehlrgs eugmab ng`gs lstg ihstg.

Uh thlmls nhobs plqul÷bs slrç hjpbrtgmtl qul ngyg kulmgs lseuligs, lspgehb pgrg qul oul`ulm sl`urbs y ig trgmquhihaga al qul pulagm sgihr g gmagr lm kheheiltg b g egjhmgr pbr ig egiil shm plih`rb.

Ngz umg ihstg al rlqulrhjhlmtbs y umg al alslbs. Ig ihstg al rlqulrhjhlmtbs kçshebs egsh shljprl slrç ig jhsjg? slrvhehbs al g`ug, iuz, sl`urhaga lm ig ebibmhg, mÿjlrb al eugrtbs, ograêm, mÿjlrb al kg÷bs, lteètlrg. Ig ihstg al alslbs sbm gquliigs gjlmhagals qul tl `ustgrêg qul lstuvhlrgm hmeiuhags lm tu vhvhlmag plrb qul mb sbm lslmehgils y pulals alogr pgsgr pbr jbthvbs al prlsupulstb b al ukhegehõm (phsehmg, tlrrgzg, eugrtb al slrvhehb).

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

73

 

Shlmsg eõjb slrêg tu egsg halgi. Lm aõmal lstgrêg

ukhegag, quhèmls quhshlrgs qul fulrgm tus vlehmbs y ebm què thpb al sl`urhaga tl `ustgrêg ebmtgr.

Lm lstl pumtb yg sgkls li prlsupulstb ebm li qul eulmtgs, pbr ib qul slrç jçs fçehi ebjlmzgr ig kÿsqulag ebm um prlehb y umg ihstg al prhbrhagals

Alfhml tus prhbrhagals, tlbfgehihtgrç ’sgerhfhegr‚ umg tlrrgzg pbr um kg÷blstb lxtrg um vlsthabr.

lm ig egklzg. kusegr tu egsg.Gnbrg ls jbjlmtb al ljplzgr g

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

77

 

²Egsg mulvg b usgag usgag2 2

[lspbmalr g lstg prl`umtg alplmal juenb al ib qul lstçs kusegmab. Ls prbkgkil qul umg vhvhlmag usgag slg ih`lrgjlmtl jçs lebmõjheg qul ig mulvg, plrb lstb sl alkl gi als`gstl al ig ebmstrueehõm.   Sibjlrêg, gegkgabs y lm `lmlrgi tbag ig egsg ng

[lvhsg igs ebmahehbmls ali hmjulkil y ngz tbags igs prl`umtgs pbshkils g quhlm ig lstç bfrlehlmab yg qul mb quhlrls iilvgrtl umg sbrprlsg alsg`rgagkil. Galjçs, ls jçs prbkgkil qul ig vhvhlmag mulvg tlm`g jgtlrhgils jçs jbalrmbs qul pbarçs rlljpigzgr fçehijlmtl lm egsb al qulrlr jbahfhegrig.

vhstb pgsgr ibs g÷bs y gumqul mbs `ustgrêg plmsgr qul sus ehjhlmtbs y pgrlals ngm pbahab rlshsthr al ig jlobr jgmlrg li pgsb ali thljpb, lm juenbs egsbs lstb mb ls vlraga. Ul ebrrl li rhls`b al qul ngyg prbkiljgs al arlmgol b hmstgigehbmls lièetrhegs gmth`ugs qul pbarêgm ag÷gr tus gpgrgtbs lièetrhebs.

Qgjkhèm ebmshalrg ibs hmjulkils lm prlvlm prlvlmtg tg qul pbr ib `lmlrgi thlmlm um prlehb juy gtrgethvb, y gumqul li thljpb al lmtrl`g slg jgybr, ig piusvgiêg pulal sukhr lm eugmtb sl tlrjhml ig ebmstrueehõm.

jçs fçehi gjpihgr b rljbaligr QHS? Ls egsg mulvg  ebjb tÿ quhlrgs, yg

umg qul

prbkgkiljlmtl ig vhvhlmag usgag yg ngyg sufrhab al egjkhbs b rlpgrgehbmls gi `ustb ali aul÷b gmtlrhbr.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

7;

 

Srl`umtgs frleulmtls

Sgrg li vlmalabr/aul÷b

Mb ngy mhm`ÿm prbkiljg lm slr lxh`lmtl lm li prbelsb al ebjprg.  Mlelshtgs sgklr ibs prbs y

ebmtrgs al egag egsg qul vhshtls, yg qul vhvhrçs ebm lstg alehshõm (ihtlrgijlmtl). Qõjgtl li thljpb mlelsgrhb pgrg vlr ahflrlmtls bpehbmls y ngz tbags igs prl`umtgs qul quhlrgs, li gslsbr hmjbkhihgrhb b prbphltgrhb al ig vhvhlmag alklrçm rlspbmalrtl al jgmlrg eigrg y ahrletg.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

75

 

Srl`umtgs qul alkls ngelr? 7

²Wuè thpb al ebmstrueehõm thlml ig vhvhlmag vhvhlmag2 2 [leulrag qul, alplmahlmab li eihjg al ig ehuaga, slrç hjpbrtgmtl sgklr eõjb ebmstruylrbm ebmstruy lrbm igs pgrlals (umg ebmstrueehõm ebm kibed al eljlmtb slrç jçs frlseg y sleg qul umg ebmstrueehõm prlfgkrhegag). Qgjkhèm fêogtl lm ig giturg al ibs tlenbs, vlmtgmgs, jgtlrhgils uthihzgabs pgrg ibs gegkgabs y thpb al a l phsb.

;

²Wuè hmeiuyl ig egsg2 Srl`umtg sh ig egsg vhlml ebm ig ebehmg ebjpiltg, eiõslts y egmelils lm kg÷bs, galjçs al hmstgigehbmls pgrg li eugrtb al igvgab b içjpgrgs al tlenb. [lsuitg `rgthfhegmtl sgklr eõjb ls qul vgs g rlehkhr tu mulvg vhvhlmag.

5

²Euçi ls li thljpb al lmtrl`g al ig vhvhlmag2 Ls hjpbrtgmtl qul tÿ y li prbphltgrhb iil`ulm g um geulrab pgrg altlrjhmgr ig fleng lxgetg al lmtrl`g al ig vhvhlmag.

1

²Ngy pbshkhihaga al gjpihgr b jlobrgr ig egsg2 Srl`umtg pbr ibs ehjhlmtbs, sh sbpbrtgrêgm ig ebmstrueehõm al btrb phsb b què pbshkhihagals ngy al gjpihgr çrlgs shm plih`rb al ag÷gr ig ebmstrueehõm ebmstruee hõm al ig jhsjg.

<

Ngy gi`umg br`gmhzgehõm, ebjhtè vlehmgi b ebmslob al gajhmhstrgehõm lm li alsgrrbiib b ebmabjhmhb2 Uh ig egsg qul lstçs pbr ebjprgr lstç almtrb al umg prhvgag b elrrgag, alkls sgklr què thpb al br`gmhzgehõm thlml li ebmtrbi al igs alehshbmls gajhmhstrgthvgs gajhmhstrgthv gs qul sl tbjgm sbkrl li alsgrrbiib pgrg qul pulags hmvbiuergrtl.

6

²Li lm`gmenl b gpgrtgab qul als sl sujgrç gi ebstb fhmgi ali hmjulkil2 Uh tl phalm gi`umg egmthaga, prl`umtg sh sl alsebmtgrç ali ebstb fhmgi y gsl`ÿrgtl qul lstè lstgkilehab lm li ebmtrgtb. Al h`ugi jgmlrg pulals iil`gr g gi`ÿm geulrab ebm ig hmjbkhihgrhg b prbphltgrhb pgrg pg`gr li lm`gmenl lm pigzbs ngstg ig lmtrl`g al ig egsg. Qgjkhèm prl`umtg sh ngy gi`umg plmgihzgehõm lm egsb al mb m b ebjpiltg ig ebjprg.

Btrgs prl`umtgs qul pulals ngelril ls ebm euçmtbs egobmls al lstgehbmgjhlmtb eulmtg li hmjulkil, què eubtgs sl pg`gm jlmsugijlmtl lm ig ebibmhg b alsgrrbiib, tbab gelreg al ibs slrvhehbs al `gs, g`ug, iuz. [leulrag qul pgrg gi`b tgm hjpbrtgmtl ebjb ls ig ebjprg al tu prhjlrg egsg, mb alkl qulagrtl mhm`umg auag gi jbjlmtb al tbjgr ig alehshõm.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

71

 

Srbelsb al ebjprg

Ql ngs alehahab pbr umg egsg, sl goustg g tu prlsupulstb, lstç lm kulmgs ebmahehbmls y ig zbmg tl ng ebmvlmehab. ²Lstçs ihstb pgrg agr li sh`uhlmtl pgsb2 Ls jbjlmtb al qul ljphlels li prbelsb al ebjprg.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

7<

 

Sgsbs pgrg ebjprgr tu egsg?

7

Gprbkgehõm alitbabs erèahtb nhpbtlegrhb?rlumhabs [leulrag tlmlr ibs abeujlmtbs pgrg prlslmtgr tu sbihehtua al gprbkgehõm, yg slg Hmfbmgvht, Fbvhssstl b al gi`umg hmsthtuehõm kgmegrhg. Qlm juy eigrb g euçmtb thljpb ib pg`grçs y euçi slrç ig tgsg al hmtlrès, tbab alkls goustgrib g tus hm`rlsbs pgrg qul mb tlm`gs ahfheuitgals.

1

  Ngz umgtuklrêgs, hmspleehõm fêsheg ali hmjulkil? [lvhsg gegkgabs, pgrlals, tgjg÷b rlgi al ig egsg (vlr sh ebhmehal ebm ig lserhturg). lserhturg). Uh pulals iilvgr g gi`ÿm grquhtletb b hm`lmhlrb ebmth`b slrêg halgi, yg qul èi pbarç alehrtl al gi`ÿm prbkiljg lm ig lstrueturg b ahstrhkuehõm ali hmjulkil.

;

[lÿml li ahmlrb ali lm`gmenl?  Xg slg qul ib vgygs g pg`gr al ebmtgab b ngygs iil`gab g gi`ÿm geulrab pgrg pg`grib lm pigzbs, jgmtèm lsl jbmtb ahspbmhkil (mb ebjprbjltgs lsl ahmlrb ebm btrbs `gstbs b aluags).

<

Ebmtrgtb al ebjprg-vlmtg? Sgrg gpgrtgr al gi`umg jgmlrg li hmjulkil gmtls al ig fhrjg al igs lserhturgs, ls hjpbrtgmtl rlgihzgr um ebmtrgtb prbvhshbmgi ebm quhlm tl lstç vlmahlmab ig egsg. Ebm lstl ebmtrgtb, li vlmalabr rlthrg li hmjulkil ali jlregab y ebm`lig li prlehb gebragab.

5

[lebphig tbag ig hmfbrjgehõ h mfbrjgehõm m il`gi? Li prbphltgrhb alkl prbpbrehbmgr umg ebphg al lserhturg ali hmjulkil, ebphg al pg`b prlahgi gi aêg y li mÿjlrb al fbihb gmtl li [l`hstrb Sÿkiheb al ig Srbphlaga. Ebm lstl mÿjlrb geual gi Alpgrtgjlmtb al [l`hstrb Sÿkiheb al ig Srbphlaga y vlrhfheg lm què ebmahehbmls il`gils sl lmeulmtrg ig egsg b alpgrtgjlmtb.

Sbstlrhbrjlmtl, sl rlgihzg um ebmtrgtb al ebjprg-vlmtg alfhmhthvb, qul mbrjgijlmtl sl fhrjg lm li jbjlmtb al ig fhrjg al lserhturgs gmtl mbtgrhb, y sl ehlrrg ebm li pg`b ali lm`gmenl ali hmjulkil.

6 ¡Flihehagals! Lrls li aul÷b al tu prhjlrg egsg.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg

76

 

Ebmeiushõm

Li prbelsb al ebjprgr um hmjulkil mb alkl tbjgrsl g ig ih`lrg. [lsuitg lslmehgi qul tbjls lm eulmtg tbabs ibs gspletbs, ngstg ibs qul pgrlelm hmsh`mhfhegmtls, pgrg qul rlsuitl lm umg lxplrhlmehg `rgthfhegmtl pgrg th y tu fgjhihg.

Lsplrgjbs qul lstg `uêg ngyg shab al gyuag pgrg ig ebjprg al tu prhjlrg egsg4 gnbrg qul

yg ebmbels jçs sbkrl li prbelsb y tbab ib qul hjpiheg, ls jbjlmtb al agr li `rgm pgsb y ngelrtl al tu pgtrhjbmhb. Hmvlsth`g, lvgiÿg tus bpehbmls y rlÿml tbag ig abeujlmtgehõm mlelsgrhg, vlrçs qul lstgrçs lstrlmgmab nb`gr jçs prbmtb al ib qul lsplrgs.

@uêg lslmehgi pgrg ebjprgr jh prhjlrg egsg  

²Ql `ustgrêg sgklr sh pulals ebjprgr ebjpr gr umg umg egsg2 egsg2 Ubihehtg umg prlegihfhegehõm nhpbtlegrhg `rgtuhtg  y alseukrl tu egpgehaga al pg`b y erèahtb pgrg ebjprgr tu egsg.

Ql bfrleljbs um ebjpiltb gmçihshs al tu erèahtb nhpbtlegrhb, li eugi ebmshstl lm ligkbrgr tu plrfhi tbjgmab lm eulmtg tu geelsb g erèahtbs nhpbtlegrhbs y prlsupulstb.

Ubihehtg tu prlegihfhegehõm `rgths agmab eihe lm li kbtõm al gquê gkgob.

Ubihehtgr prlegih﬇egehõm GW\Ê 

70