Guía Pai Mat 2020

 

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg (Xgrg usl g pgr pgrtcr tcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg (Xgrg usl g pgr pgrtcr tcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs _frscúm fm fspg÷ln kfn kljuafmtl puincjgkl fm ofirfrl kf 9898 jlm fn tátunl Agtefagtcjss duckf Agtefagtcj Xuincjgkg fm ofirfrl kf 9898

Xuincjgkg fm mlairf kf ng Lrdgmczgjcúm kfn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn, umg oumkgjcúm fkujgtcvg scm ocmfs kf nujrl jlm sfkf fm 76 Ylutf kfs Alrcnnlms, 7975 Nf Drgmk-Zgjlmmfx, Dcmfirg (Zuczg), plr Cmtfrmgtclmgn Igjjgngurfgtf Lrdgmczgtclm Ntk (Yfcml Vmckl) Xftfrslm Elusf, Agntelusf Gvfmuf, Jgrkcoo Dgtf Jgrkcoo, Tgnfs JO9: 5DN Yfcml Vmckl Zctcl wfi2 cil.lrd/fs © Lrdgmczgjcúm kfn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn, 9898 Ng Lrdgmczgjcúm kfn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn (jlmljckg jlal CI) lorfjf jugtrl prldrgags fkujgtcvls fxcdfmtfs y kf jgnckgk g umg jlaumckgk kf jlnfdcls kf tlkl fn aumkl, jlm fn prlpúsctl kf jrfgr um aumkl afblr y açs pgjáocjl. Fstg puincjgjcúm olrag pgrtf kf umg dgag kf agtfrcgnfs prlkujckls jlm fn ocm kf gplygr kcjels prldrgags. Fn CI pufkf utcnczgr kcvfrsgs oufmtfs fm su trgigbl y jlaprufig ng cmolragjcúm pgrg vfrcocjgr su fxgjtctuk y gutlrág lrcdcmgn, fm fspfjcgn gn egjfr usl kf oufmtfs kf jlmljcacfmtl jlaumctgrcl, jlal Tc`cpfkcg. Fn CI rfspftg ng prlpcfkgk cmtfnfjtugn, y egjf kfmlkgkls fsoufrzls plr ckfmtcocjgr g nls tctungrfs kf nls kfrfjels y litfmfr kf fnnls ng kfickg gutlrczgjcúm gmtfs kf ng puincjgjcúm kf tlkl agtfrcgn prltfdckl plr kfrfjels kf gutlr utcnczgkl. Fn CI gdrgkfjf ngs gutlrczgjclmfs rfjcickgs pgrg utcnczgr nls agtfrcgnfs cmjnuckls fm fstg puincjgjcúm y fmafmkgrç jugnqucfr frrlr u lacscúm nl gmtfs plscinf. Fn usl kfn dãmfrl agsjuncml fm fstg puincjgjcúm ml tcfmf um prlpúsctl kcsjrcacmgtlrcl y sf  bustcocjg  bustco cjg òmcjgafm òm cjgafmtf tf jlal afkcl pgrg egjfr e gjfr fn f n tfxtl tf xtl açs o nuckl. Zf Z f prftfmkf prf tfmkf quf fn f n fspg÷ln fspg ÷ln utcnczgkl sfg jlaprfmscinf pgrg tlkls nls egingmtfs kf fstg nfmdug y ml rfonfbf umg vgrcgmtf pgrtcjungr l rfdclmgn.  [lkls nls kfr fje ls rfs rfsfr frvgk vgk ls. Fs Fstg tg pui ncj ncjgjc gjcúm úm ml puf kf rfp rlk rlkujc ujcrsf rsf,, gna gnagjf gjfmgr mgr sf fm um scstfag kf grjecvl y rfjupfrgjcúm kf kgtls mc kcstrciucrsf kf olrag tltgn l pgrjcgn, kf agmfrg gndumg mc plr mcmdòm afkcl, scm ng prfvcg gutlrczgjcúm plr fsjrctl kfn CI l scm quf fstã fxprfsgafmtf pfractckl fm ng mlragtcvg kf usl kf ng prlpcfkgk cmtfnfjtugn kfn CI. CI. Nls grtájunls prlaljclmgnfs y ngs puincjgjclmfs kfn CI pufkfm gkqucrcrsf fm ng tcfmkg vcrtugn kfn  kfn  CI (jlrrfl CI  (jlrrfl fnfjtrúmcjl2 sgnfsHcil.lrd sgnfsHcil.lrd). ). Fstç prlecickl fn usl jlafrjcgn kf ngs puincjgjclmfs kfn CI (tgmtl ngs cmjnuckgs fm ngs tgsgs jlal ngs quf sf pufkfm gkqucrcr plr sfpgrgkl) plr pgrtf kf tfrjfrls quf gjtòfm fm fn fmtlrml kf ng Lrdgmczgjcúm kfn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn scm egifr fstginfjckl umg rfngjcúm olragn jlm fnng (cmjnuckls, fmtrf ltrls, lrdgmczgjclmfs quf capgrtfm jngsfs, prlvffklrfs kf kfsgrrlnnl prlofsclmgn, faprfsgs fkctlrcgnfs kfn sfjtlr fkujgtcvl y jlapg÷ágs quf lorfjfm sfrvcjcls kf pngmcocjgjcúm jurrcjungr l pngtgolrags kcdctgnfs quf ircmkgm rfjursls g nls kljfmtfs). Kcjel usl jlafrjcgn slnl fstç pfractckl jlm ng jlrrfsplmkcfmtf ncjfmjcg plr fsjrctl ltlrdgkg plr fn CI. Ngs slncjctukfs kf ncjfmjcgs kfifm fmvcgrsf g jlpyrcdetHcil.lrd.. Fmjlmtrgrç açs cmolragjcúm gn rfspfjtl fm fn sctcl wfi kfn CI. jlpyrcdetHcil.lrd CI. Cmtfrmgtclmgn Igjjgngurfgtf, Igjjgngurãgt Cmtfrmgtclmgn, Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn y nls nldltcpls kfn CI slm agrjgs rfdcstrgkgs kf ng Lrdgmczgjcúm kfn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn.

 

Kfjngrgjcúm kf prcmjcpcls kfn CI Fn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn tcfmf jlal aftg olragr búvfmfs slnckgrcls, cmolragkls y çvckls kf jlmljcacfmtl, jgpgjfs kf jlmtrciucr g jrfgr um aumkl afblr y açs pgjáocjl, fm fn agrjl kfn fmtfmkcacfmtl autul y fn rfspftl cmtfrjunturgn. Fm pls kf fstf libftcvl, ng lrdgmczgjcúm jlngilrg jlm fstginfjcacfmtls fsjlngrfs, dlicfrmls y lrdgmczgjclmfs cmtfrmgjclmgnfs pgrg jrfgr y kfsgrrlnngr prldrgags kf fkujgjcúm cmtfrmgjclmgn fxcdfmtfs y aãtlkls kf fvgnugjcúm rcdurlsls. Fstls prldrgags gncfmtgm g fstukcgmtfs kfn aumkl fmtfrl g gklptgr umg gjtctuk gjtcvg kf gprfmkczgbf kurgmtf tlkg su vckg, g sfr jlapgscvls y g fmtfmkfr quf ltrgs pfrslmgs, jlm sus kcofrfmjcgs, tgaicãm pufkfm fstgr fm nl jcfrtl.

 

VMC K  KG   

 A    J  J L     G      N

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K    F    

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          N

Y       

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                      C

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 K  C          R 

         Y          F          X

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   F   C   N

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Xfrocn kf kfngnls prldrgags jlaumckgk kf (CI)gprfmkczgbf kfn CI Fn libftcvl oumkgafmtgn kfn Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn fs olragr pfrslmgs jlm afmtgnckgk cmtfrmgjclmgn quf, jlmsjcfmtfs kf ng jlmkcjcúm quf ngs umf jlal sfrfs euagmls y kf ng rfsplmsgicnckgk quf jlapgrtfm kf vfngr plr fn pngmftg, jlmtrciuygm g jrfgr um aumkl afblr y açs pgjá﬇jl.

Jlal acfairls kf ng jlaumckgk kf gprfmkczgbf kfn CI, mls fsolrzgals plr sfr2

CMKGDGKLYFZ

KF AFM[ AFM [GNCKGK GICFY[G GIC FY[G

Juntcvgals mufstrg jurclsckgk, g ng vfz quf kfsgrrlnngals egicnckgkfs pgrg ng cmkgdgjcúm y ng cmvfstcdgjcúm. Zgifals júal gprfmkfr kf agmfrg gutúmlag y bumtl jlm ltrls. Gprfmkfals jlm fmtuscgsal y

Kfsgrrlnngals umg gprfjcgjcúm jrátcjg kf mufstrgs prlpcgs junturgs f ecstlrcgs pfrslmgnfs, gsá jlal kf nls vgnlrfs y trgkcjclmfs kf nls

agmtfmfals fstgs gmscgs kf gprfmkfr kurgmtf tlkg ng vckg.

kcspufstls g gprfmkfr kf ng fxpfrcfmjcg.

CMOLYAGKLZ F CMZ[YVCKLZ

ZLNCKGYCLZ

kfaçs. Iusjgals y jlmsckfrgals kcstcmtls pumtls kf vcstg y fstgals

Kfsgrrlnngals y usgals mufstrg jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn afkcgmtf ng

Alstrgals fapgtág, sfmscicnckgk y rfspftl. Mls jlaprlaftfals g

fxpnlrgjcúm kfn jlmljcacfmtl fm umg kf vgrcfkgk kf kcsjcpncmgs. Mls jlaprlaftfals jlm ckfgs y jufstclmfs caplrtgmjcg nljgn y aumkcgn.

gyukgr g nls y gjtugals jlm fn prlpúsctl kf cm﬉ucr plsctcvgafmtf fm ng vckg kfkfaçs ngs pfrslmgs y fn aumkl quf mls rlkfg.

XFMZGKLYFZ Vtcnczgals egicnckgkfs kf pfmsgacfmtl jrátcjl y jrfgtcvl pgrg gmgnczgr y prljfkfr kf agmfrg rfsplmsginf gmtf prlinfags jlapnfbls. Gjtugals

plr prlpcg cmcjcgtcvg gn tlagr kfjcsclmfs rgzlmgkgs y ãtcjgs.

IVFMLZ JLAVMCJGKLYFZ Mls fxprfsgals jlm jlm﬇gmzg y jrfgtcvckgk fm kcvfrsgs nfmdugs, nfmdugbfs y agmfrgs. Jlngilrgals f﬇jgzafmtf, fsjujegmkl gtfmtgafmtf ngs pfrspfjtcvgs kf ltrgs pfrslmgs y drupls.

GVKGJFZ

Gilrkgals ng cmjfrtckuairf jlm prfvcscúm y kftfracmgjcúm.  [rgigbgals kf agmfrg gutúmlag y jlngilrgtcvg pgrg fxpnlrgr mufvgs ckfgs y fstrgtfdcgs cmmlvgklrgs. Alstrgals cmdfmcl y rfscncfmjcg jugmkl fmorfmtgals jgaicls y kfsgoáls.

FWVCNCIYGKLZ Fmtfmkfals ng caplrtgmjcg kfn fqucncircl oáscjl, afmtgn y faljclmgn pgrg nldrgr fn icfmfstgr prlpcl y fn kf nls kfaçs. Yfjlmljfals mufstrg cmtfrkfpfmkfmjcg jlm rfspfjtl g ltrgs pfrslmgs y gn aumkl fm quf vcvcals.

ÁM[FDYLZ Gjtugals jlm cmtfdrckgk y elmrgkfz, jlm um prloumkl sfmtckl kf ng fquckgk, ng bustcjcg y fn rfspftl plr ng kcdmckgk y nls kfrfjels kf ngs pfrslmgs fm tlkl fn aumkl. Gsuacals ng rfsplmsgicnckgk kf mufstrls

prlpcls gjtls y sus jlmsfjufmjcgs.

YFONFUC_LZ Fvgnugals kftfmckgafmtf fn aumkl y mufstrgs prlpcgs ckfgs y fxpfrcfmjcgs. Mls fsolrzgals plr jlaprfmkfr mufstrgs olrtgnfzgs y kficnckgkfs pgrg, kf fstf alkl, jlmtrciucr g mufstrl gprfmkczgbf y kfsgrrlnnl pfrslmgn.

Fn pfr﬇n kf ng jlaumckgk kf gprfmkczgbf fmdnlig kcfz gtrciutls vgnlrgkls plr nls Jlnfdcls kfn Aumkl kfn CI. Fstgals jlmvfmjckls kf quf fstls gtrciutls, y ltrls scacngrfs, pufkfm gyukgr g pfrslmgs y drupls g sfr acfairls rfsplmsginfs kf ngs jlaumckgkfs nljgnfs, mgjclmgnfs y aumkcgnfs. © Cmtfrmgtclmgn Igjjgngurfgtf Lrdgmczgtclm 9874 Cmtfrmgtclmgn Igjjgngurfgtf® | Igjjgngurãgt Cmtfrmgtclmgn® | Igjecnnfrgtl Cmtfrmgjclmgn®

 

Ámkcjf Cmtrlkujjcúm

7

Xrlpúsctl kf fstg duág

7

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

9

Alkfnl kfn prldrgag

9

Mgturgnfzg kf Agtfaçtcjgs

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Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn jlmtcmul kf prldrgags kfn CI

6

Libftcvls dfmfrgnfs

4

Libftcvls fspfjáojls

5

Xngmcojgjcúm k  kff ng prldrfscúm kfn gprfmkczgbf

78

Gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcl

79

Xrlyfjtls kfn XGC

7:

Fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl

7;

Yfqucsctls

7;

Xngmcojgjcúm kf  kfn jurrájunl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

76

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

75

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

9;

Lrcfmtgjcúm fspfjáojg

:9

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

:6

Jlrrfsplmkfmjcg fmtrf nls libftcvls fspfjáojls  y nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm

:6

Yfsuafm kf nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm

:?

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 prcafr g÷l Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 tfrjfr g÷l

:4 ;7

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 qucmtl g÷l

;6

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

;3

Gpãmkcjfs

66

Jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs

66

Dnlsgrcl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

6?

[ãracmls kf cmstrujjcúm kfn XGC fm Agtfaçtcjgs

65

Nfjturgs sfnfjjclmgkgs

?8

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Cmtrlkujjcúm

Xrlpúsctl Xrlpúsct l kf fstg f stg duág

Fstg duág sf utcnczgrç g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897, kfpfmkcfmkl kfn jlacfmzl kfn g÷l gjgkãacjl fm jgkg jlnfdcl. Fstf kljuafmtl prlplrjclmg fn agrjl pgrg ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf kf Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls (XGC), y kfif nffrsf y utcnczgrsf bumtl jlm ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg, prçjtcj g, quf cmjnuyf2 •

Cm Cmol olra ragj gjcú cúm m dfmf dfmfrg rgnn gj gjfr frjg jg kfn kfn prl prldr drga gagg

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Fn pngmcocj pngmcocjgklr gklr kf um umckgkf ckgkfss kfn XGC, ggsá sá jl jlal al lr lrcfmtgj cfmtgjcúm cúm pgrg pgrg fn kfsgrrlnnl kfsgrrlnnl kfn jurráj jurrájunl unl fm tlkls tlkls nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs

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Cmo Cmolra lragjc gjcúm úm kftgnn kftgnngkg gkg slirf slirf nls fmo fmolqu lqufs fs kfn gpr gprfmk fmkczg czgbf bf

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Gsfslrgacf Gsfslrgacfmtl mtl pgrg pgrg ogjcnct ogjcnctgr gr fn gjjf gjjfsl sl y ng ng cmjnuscú cmjnuscúm m kf ttlkls lkls nls gnuaml gnuamlss (cmjnuck (cmjnuckgs gs gk gkgptgj gptgjclmfs clmfs pgrg gnuamls jlm mfjfsckgkfs kf gplyl pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf)

•

Vm Vmgg k kfj fjng ngrg rgjc jcúm úm slir slirff ng ng cmt cmtfd fdrc rckg kgk k gjg gjgkã kãac acjg jg

Fm ngs puincjgjclmfs kfn XGC, nls rfqucsctls gpgrfjfm fm jugkrls kf tfxtl jlal fstf.

Ltrls rfjursls Fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags (rf ( rfslurjfs.cil.lrd slurjfs.cil.lrd)) egy egy kcsplmcinfs agtfrcgnfs kf gyukg gn prlofslr. Fn agtfrcgn kf gyukg gn prlofslr kf Agtfaçtcjgs lorfjf lrcfmtgjcúm pgrg kfsgrrlnngr fn jurrájunl fsjrctl, fmsf÷gkl y fvgnugkl, y prlplrjclmg fbfapnls kf iufmgs prçjtcjgs quf cmjnuyfm kfsjrcpjclmfs dfmfrgnfs kfn drupl kf gscdmgturgs, tgrfgs kf fvgnugjcúm y fsqufags kf jgncocjgjcúm, gsá jlal trgigbls kf nls gnuamls jlm jlafmtgrcls kfn prlofslr. Afkcgmtf um prljfsl lpjclmgn kf fvgnugjcúm fxtfrmg fs plscinf litfmfr rfsuntgkls kf nls jursls kfn XGC kfn CI  CI  pgrg nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs, y fstls rfsuntgkls pufkfm jlmtrciucr g ng litfmjcúm kf um jfrtcocjgkl kfn XGC kfn CI. Xgrg CI. Xgrg açs cmolragjcúm, vãgsf ng puincjgjcúm gmugn Xrljfkcacfmtls kf fvgnugjcúm kfn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls. ettp2//stlrf.cil.lrd)) egy kcsplmcinf umg  umg  gapncg dgag kf kf   puincjgjclmfs pgrg Fm ng tcfmkg vcrtugn kfn CI ((ettp2//stlrf.cil.lrd fn XGC.

Gdrgkfjcacfmtls Fn CI gdrgkfjf ngs dfmfrlsgs jlmtrciujclmfs kf nls Jlnfdcls kfn Aumkl kfn CI y kf ng jlaumckgk dnlign kf fkujgklrfs quf jlngilrgm fm fn kfsgrrlnnl kfn XGC.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

7

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Alkfnl kfn prldrgag

Ocdurg 7 Alkfnl kfn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls

Fn XGC, kfstcmgkl g gnuamls kf 77 g 7? g÷ls, prlplrjclmg um agrjl pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf quf gmcag g nls gnuamls g jlmvfrtcrsf fm pfmsgklrfs jrfgtcvls, jrátcjls y rfonfxcvls. Fn XGC egjf ecmjgpcã fm fn kfsgoál cmtfnfjtugn, y nls fstcaung g fstginfjfr jlmfxclmfs fmtrf ngs kcsjcpncmgs trgkcjclmgnfs quf fstukcgm y fn aumkl rfgn. Olafmtg fn kfsgrrlnnl kf egicnckgkfs jlaumcjgtcvgs, fn fmtfmkcacfmtl cmtfrjunturgn y fn jlaprlacsl dnlign, jugnckgkfs fsfmjcgnfs pgrg nls búvfmfs quf sfrçm outurls nákfrfs dnlignfs. Fn XGC fs nl suocjcfmtfafmtf onfxcinf jlal pgrg kgr jgickg g nls rfqucsctls kf ng agylrág kf nls jurrájunls mgjclmgnfs l nljgnfs. Zf gplyg fm nls jlmljcacfmtls, egicnckgkfs y gjtctukfs kfsgrrlnngkls fm fn Xrldrgag kf ng Fsjufng Xrcagrcg (XFX) kfn CI y prfpgrg g nls gnuamls pgrg gorlmtgr nls kfsgoáls gjgkãacjls kfn Xrldrgag kfn Kcpnlag (XK) kfn CI y kfn Xrldrgag kf Lrcfmtgjcúm Xrlofsclmgn (XLX) kfn CI. Fn XGC2 •

icfmfstgr cmtfnfjtugn, Gilr Gilrkg kg kf a aggmf mfrg rg el elná nást stcj cjgg fn fn icfmfstgr  cmtfnfjtugn, sljcgn, faljclmgn y oáscjl kf nls gnuamls

•

egicnckgkfs quf Ircmkg Ircm kg g nls nls gnu gnuam amls ls lpl lplrt rtum umck ckgk gkfs fs k kff kf kfsg sgrr rrln lnng ngrr nls nls jlmljcacfmtls, gjtctukfs y egicnckgkfs quf mfjfsctgm pgrg agmfbgr jufstclmfs jlapnfbgs y gjtugr kf alkl rfsplmsginf fm fn outurl

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Dgrgmt Dgrgmtczg czg ng ng gapnct gapnctuk uk y prlo prloumk umkckg ckgk k kf ng ng jl jlapr aprfms fmscúm cúm afkcgm afkcgmtf tf fn fstu fstukcl kcl kf ljel drupls kf gscdmgturgs

9

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Alkfnl kfn prldrgag

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Yf Yfqu qucf cfrf rf quf quf nnls ls gn gnua uaml mlss fst fstuk ukcf cfm m gn gn a afm fmls ls kls nfmdugs pgrg nfmdugs pgrg olafmtgr su jlaprfmscúm kf sus prlpcgs junturgs y ngs kf ltrgs pfrslmgs

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Jg Jgpg pgjc jctg tg g nls nls gnu gnuam amls ls pgr pgrgg pgrt pgrtcj cjcp cpgr gr gjt gjtcv cvga gafm fmtf tf fm ffnn sfrvcjcl g ng jlaumckgk

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Jl Jlmt mtrc rciu iuyf yf g prf prfpg pgrg rgrr g nl nlss gnu gnuam amls ls pgrg pgrg ng fkujgjcúm plstfrclr, fn plstfrclr, fn aumkl ngilrgn y ngilrgn y pgrg jlmtcmugr gprfmkcfmkl kurgmtf tlkg ng vckg

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

:

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Mgturgnfzg kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Fn lnvcklngs kf ltrgs ngs agtfaçtcjgs pfrbukcjg tlklaumkl. fn jlmljcacfmtl, yg quf fn quf ngs cdmlrg ml pufkf jlmljfr jcfmjcgs mc ngs jlsgs kfg fstf Yldfr Igjlm (797;-793;) Fn fstukcl kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fs oumkgafmtgn pgrg umg fkujgjcúm fqucncirgkg. Fstgs olafmtgm um nfmdugbf umcvfrsgn quf lorfjf fmlrafs plscicnckgkfs, y fstcaungm ngs egicnckgkfs kf rgzlmgacfmtl gmgnátcjl y rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags quf jlmtrciuyfm gn kfsgrrlnnl kfn pfmsgacfmtl núdcjl, gistrgjtl y jrátcjl. Ngs agtfaçtcjgs mls gyukgm g fmtfmkfr fn aumkl y mls pfractfm kfsjrcicr ofmúafmls jlm tãracmls prfjcsls. Gscacsal, olafmtgm fn gmçncscs juckgklsl y ng iòsqufkg kf pgtrlmfs y rfngjclmfs, egicnckgkfs mfjfsgrcgs pgrg tfmfr ãxctl tgmtl kfmtrl jlal oufrg kfn gung. Xlr nl tgmtl, ngs agtfaçtcjgs kfifm fstgr gn gnjgmjf kf tlkls nls gnuamls y tlkls nls gnuamls kfifm fstukcgrngs. Zcm faigrdl, fn fstukcl kf agtfaçtcjgs suplmf aujel açs quf gprfmkfr oúraungs l rfdngs. Nls gnuamls ml kfifm tfmfr ng caprfscúm kf quf fm agtfaçtcjgs tlkgs ngs rfspufstgs pufkfm fmjlmtrgrsf fm nls ncirls, scml quf kfifm pgrtcjcpgr gjtcvgafmtf fm ng iòsqufkg kf jlmjfptls y rfngjclmfs. Gsá, ngs agtfaçtcjgs sf jlmvcfrtfm fm umg kcsjcpncmg vcvg, jlm ng faljcúm kf ng fxpnlrgjcúm y ng rfjlapfmsg kfn kfsjuircacfmtl. Gn acsal tcfapl, nls mufvls jlmljcacfmtls gkqucrckls pufkfm gpncjgrsf g ltrgs sctugjclmfs, nl quf girf gòm açs pufrtgs g nls gnuamls. Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC prlaufvf tgmtl ng cmkgdgjcúm jlal ng gpncjgjcúm, y gyukg g nls gnuamls g kfsgrrlnngr tãjmcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags quf vgm açs gnnç kf ng kcsjcpncmg y slm kf utcnckgk oufrg kfn gung. Fn prldrgag kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC kfif gkgptgrsf g ngs mfjfsckgkfs kf nls gnuamls, trgtgmkl kf kfspfrtgr su jurclsckgk y altcvçmklnls g qufrfr gprfmkfr sus prcmjcpcls. Zf nfs kfifm alstrgr fbfapnls rfgnfs quf cnustrfm ng utcnckgk kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs y su pfrtcmfmjcg fm ng vckg kf nls gnuamls, y sf nfs kfif gmcagr g gpncjgrngs g mufvgs sctugjclmfs. Ngs agtfaçtcjgs jlmstctuyfm ng igsf pgrg fn fstukcl kf ngs jcfmjcgs, ng cmdfmcfrág y ng tfjmlnldág, y fstçm tgaicãm auy prfsfmtfs fm ngs grtfs. Gscacsal, slm jgkg vfz açs caplrtgmtfs fm ng fjlmlaág, ngs jcfmjcgs sljcgnfs y ng fstrujturg kfn nfmdugbf. Fm fn XGC, sf gmcag g nls gnuamls g utcnczgr efrrgacfmtgs cmolraçtcjgs pgrg rfprfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm, fxpnlrgr sctugjclmfs, jrfgr alkfnls kf fstgs y egnngr slnujclmfs g kcvfrsls prlinfags, egicnckgkfs quf nfs sfrçm kf utcnckgk fm umg drgm vgrcfkgk kf çaictls. Fn jursl kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC tcfmf jlal libftcvl prlplrjclmgr g tlkls nls gnuamls nls jlmljcacfmtls, ng jlaprfmscúm y ngs egicnckgkfs cmtfnfjtugnfs mfjfsgrcgs pgrg rfgnczgr jursls plstfrclrfs fm fstg kcsjcpncmg, gsá jlal prfpgrgr g gqufnnls gnuamls quf utcnczgrçm ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm sus fstukcls, fm su trgigbl y fm ng vckg fm dfmfrgn. Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

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Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn jlmtcmul kf prldrgags kfn CI CI

Fn jlmtcmul fkujgjcúmkf cmtfrmgjclmgn kfn CI lorfjf prldrfscúm kfn gprfmkczgbf g nls gnuamls kf kf : g prldrgags 73 g÷ls. Fmkf fn Xrldrgag ng Fsjufng Xrcagrcg (XFX) umg kfn CI, ngs agtfaçtcjgs sf jlmsckfrgm prcmjcpgnafmtf umg efrrgacfmtg quf scrvf kf gplyl g ng cmkgdgjcúm y lorfjf um nfmdugbf umcvfrsgn afkcgmtf fn jugn plkfals jlaprfmkfr fn aumkl quf mls rlkfg. Fn libftcvl fs quf nls gnuamls gprfmkgm g fapnfgr fstf nfmdugbf kf agmfrg jlapftfmtf y fapcfjfm g usgrnl jlal um alkl kf pfmsgr, fm nudgr kf pfrjcicr ngs agtfaçtcjgs jlal umg sfrcf kf kgtls y fjugjclmfs quf kfifm afalrczgr. [gaicãm sf rfjlmljf quf nls gnuamls pufkfm gprfjcgr ng ogsjcmgjcúm cmtrámsfjg kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs y fxpnlrgr fn aumkl g trgvãs kf sus prlpcgs agmfrgs kf pfrjcicr. Kfn acsal alkl quf nls gnuamls sf kfsjrcifm g sá acsals jlal „gutlrfs‑ l „grtcstgs‑, fn prldrgag kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn jlnfdcl tgaicãm kfif ircmkgrnfs lplrtumckgkfs pgrg quf pufkgm vfrsf g sá acsals jlal „agtfaçtcjls‑, kcsorutgmkl jlm fmtuscgsal kf ng fxpnlrgjcúm y fn gprfmkczgbf kf ng gscdmgturg. Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC pgrtf kf nls gprfmkczgbfs y fxpfrcfmjcgs quf nls gnuamls egm gkqucrckl fm fn XFX y fm ltrls prldrgags kf fkujgjcúm prcagrcg jfmtrgkls fm fn gnuaml. Ml fxcstfm rfqucsctls olragnfs fm jugmtl g jlmljcacfmtls prfvcls, pfrl fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs quf ocdurg fm fstg duág sudcfrf umg ncstg kf jlmljcacfmtls prfvcls. [gmtl fm fn XFX jlal fmkf fn sus XGC,prlpcls fs caplrtgmtf quf nls gnuamls gkqucfrgm jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls afkcgmtf ng jlmstrujjcúm scdmcocjgkls, gpncjgmkl mcvfnfs kf gistrgjjcúm jgkg vfz agylrfs y jlafmzgmkl jlm ng fxpnlrgjcúm kf sus fxpfrcfmjcgs, jlaprfmscúm y jlmljcacfmtls pfrslmgnfs. Gkfaçs, kgkg ng ocnlsloág kf gails prldrgags y tfmcfmkl fm jufmtg quf ngs agtfaçtcjgs egm kf usgrsf fm ng vckg rfgn, fs oumkgafmtgn quf ng fmsf÷gmzg ml sf ncactf g trgmsactcr um jlmbumtl ocbl kf jlmljcacfmtls, scml quf tfmdg nudgr fm jlmtfxtls pfrtcmfmtfs y rfgncstgs. Fm gails prldrgags, sf vgnlrgm ngs agtfaçtcjgs ml slnl plr su ifnnfzg, scml tgaicãm plr nl òtcnfs quf rfsuntgm pgrg gyukgrmls g jlaprfmkfr júal oumjclmg fn aumkl y plrquf mls prlplrjclmgm umg agmfrg òmcjg kf jlaumcjgrmls. Ngs agtfaçtcjgs jlmstctuyfm umg efrrgacfmtg fsfmjcgn pgrg ng cmkgdgjcúm, tgmtl trgmskcsjcpncmgrcg jlal cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcg. Ngs fxpfrcfmjcgs kf fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf fm fn XFX y fn XGC fstcaungm g nls gnuamls g sfr jurclsls, egjfr prfdumtgs, fxpnlrgr f cmtfrgjtugr jlm fn fmtlrml oáscjg, sljcgn f cmtfnfjtugnafmtf. Gn pgrtcjcpgr fm fstf prljfsl, nls gnuamls gprfmkfm g jlmstrucr scdmcocjgkl fm rfngjcúm jlm nls jlmjfptls agtfaçtcjls, trgmsofrcr fstf scdmcocjgkl g sáailnls y gpncjgr ng jlaprfmscúm agtfaçtcjg fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs kfsjlmljckgs.. Nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC prfpgrgm pgrtcjungrafmtf g nls gnuamls pgrg nls jursls kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn XK. G afkckg quf nls gnuamls prldrfsgm fm fn XGC y pgsgm gn XK l gn XLX, sf rfoufrzg ng caplrtgmjcg kf ng jlaprfmscúm, yg quf vgm kfsgrrlnngmkl umg igsf súnckg kf jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls quf nfs pfractcrçm fstukcgr umg gapncg vgrcfkgk kf tfags. Gscacsal, kurgmtf fstf prljfsl trgtgm kf jlaumcjgr sus ckfgs kf agmfrgs quf rfsuntfm jlaprfmscinfs g ltrgs pfrslmgs. Nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls y nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC sf egm kfsgrrlnngkl jlm nls rfqucsctls kf ng fvgnugjcúm cmtfrmg y fxtfrmg kfn XK fm afmtf. Fn usl kf ng tfjmlnldág, quf fs lincdgtlrcl fm ngs gscdmgturgs kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn XK, tgaicãm fs caplrtgmtf fm fn XGC jlal efrrgacfmtg pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf, ng gpncjgjcúm y ng jlaumcjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs. Fm fn XGC, nls gnuamls pufkfm fnfdcr jursgr agtfaçtcjgs kf mcvfn dfmfrgn l mcvfn gvgmzgkl. Fm fn XK, fxcstfm kls gscdmgturgs kf agtfaçtcjgs quf pufkfm jursgrsf tgmtl fm fn Mcvfn Afkcl (MA) jlal fm fn Mcvfn Zupfrclr (MZ)2 Agtfaçtcjgs2 Gmçncscs y Fmolqufs, y Agtfaçtcjgs2 Gpncjgjclmfs f Cmtfrprftgjcúm. Xlr nl dfmfrgn, nls gnuamls quf fncdfm fn mcvfn gvgmzgkl kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC jursgm plstfrclrafmtf umg kf ngs gscdmgturgs kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn XK fm fn MZ. Nls gnuamls quf fncbgm fn mcvfn dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC kfifrçm slncjctgr g sus prlofslrfs quf nls gsfslrfm slirf quã jursl kf agtfaçtcjgs fstukcgr fm fn XK, pufs rgrg vfz um jursl kf agtfaçtcjgs kf MZ rfsuntgrç gkfjugkl pgrg fnnls. Ng ocdurg scducfmtf aufstrg ngs trgyfjtlrcgs kfn jlmtcmul kf prldrgags kfn CI egstg nls jursls kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn XK.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

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Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn jlmtcmul kf prldrgags kfn CI

Ocdurg 9 [rgyfjtlrcgs egstg ngs gscdmgturgs kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 Gmçncscs y Fmolqufs (MA), Agtfaçtcjgs2 Gpncjgjclmfs f Cmtfrprftgjcúm (MA), Agtfaçtcjgs2 Gmçncscs y Fmolqufs (MZ), ( MZ), y Agtfaçtcjgs2 Gpncjgjclmfs f Cmtfrprftgjcúm (MZ) kfn Xrldrgag kfn Kcpnlag

Cmkfpfmkcfmtfafmtf kf ngs lpjclmfs quf egyg g kcsplscjcúm kf nls gnuamls, nls prlofslrfs pufkfm fapnfgr, fmtrf ltrgs, ngs scducfmtfs fstrgtfdcgs dfmfrgnfs pgrg ogjcnctgr ng trgmscjcúm kf nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC g nls kfn XK2 •

Lrdgmc Lrdgmczgr zgr sfsc sfsclmf lmfss kf pngmc pngmcocj ocjgjc gjcúm úm vfrtc vfrtcjgn jgn kf kf Agtfaç Agtfaçtcj tcjgs gs fmtrf fmtrf fn fn XGC y fn fn XK

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Kfsgrrlnng Kfsgrrlnngrr ng jlaprfmscú jlaprfmscúm m y fn fn usl usl jl jlefrfm efrfmtf tf kf um jl jlmbumt mbumtl l jlaòm jlaòm kf kf tãracmls tãracmls,, mltgjcú mltgjcúm m y oúrau oúraungs ngs jngvf quf sfgm gpncjginfs g tlkls nls prldrgags

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Xrfpgrgr Xrfpgrgr g nls gnuaml gnuamlss pgrg pgrg quf quf,, fm tlkls tlkls nls jjursl urslss kf a agtfaç gtfaçtcjgs tcjgs,, kfsg kfsgrrlnn rrlnnfm fm fstrgtfd fstrgtfdcgs cgs focjgj focjgjfs fs pgrg nls fxçafmfs fxtfrmls y fn gprfmkczgbf igsgkl fm ng cmkgdgjcúm

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Kgr g nls nls ggnuamls nuamls ng lplrtu lplrtumckgk mckgk kf ffmorfmt morfmtgrsf grsf g prlinfa prlinfags gs quf jlaprfmkg jlaprfmkgm m vgrcgs vgrcgs çrfgs kf agtfaçtcjgs

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Kgr g nls nls ggnuamls nuamls ng lplrtu lplrtumckgk mckgk kf rrfslnv fslnvfr fr prlinf prlinfags ags fapnfgmkl fapnfgmkl jlmjfptls jlmjfptls agtfaçtcjl agtfaçtcjlss ffm m sctugjclmfs kfsjlmljckgs

Nls jlmljcacfmtls, quf nls gnuamls kfsgrrlnngm fm nls jursls kf outurgs Agtfaçtcjgs nfs gplrtgm umgs igsfsegicnckgkfs òtcnfs pgrgy gjtctukfs outurls fstukcls y jlmtrciuyfm g prfpgrgrnls pgrg jgrrfrgs prlofsclmgnfs, plr fbfapnl, fm fn çaictl kf ng cmvfstcdgjcúm slirf fn jncag, jlal gjtugrcls kf sfdurls, fm ng fngilrgjcúm kf plnátcjgs pòincjgs, ng cmdfmcfrág, fn gmçncscs ocmgmjcfrl y fn kfsgrrlnnl fjlmúacjl, ng cmvfstcdgjcúm y fn gmçncscs, fn kfsgrrlnnl kf slotwgrf,  ng iclfstgkástcjg y ng fpckfaclnldág, fn kfrfjel l ng afkcjcmg.

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Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Libftcvls dfmfrgnfs

Nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf fn tlkgs ngs gscdmgturgs kfn XGC olraungm nl quf fn prlofslr fmsf÷f kurgmtf fn jursl y nl quf gnuaml plkrç fxpfrcafmtgr l gprfmkfr fmsfngsfspfrg jngsfs.quf Gkfaçs, sudcfrfm ngs olrags fm quf ng fxpfrcfmjcg kf gprfmkczgbf pufkf trgmsolragr gn gnuaml. Nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC slm olafmtgr y ogjcnctgr quf nls gnuamls2 •

Kcsorutfm Kcsorutfm kf kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs agtfaçtcjgs,, kfsgrrl kfsgrrlnnfm nnfm ssu u jur jurclsck clsckgk gk plr fstgs y jlacfmjf jlacfmjfm m g gprfjcg gprfjcgrr su fnfdgm fnfdgmjcg jcg y ngs plscicnckgkfs quf lorfjfm

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Kfsgrr Kfsgrrlnn lnnfm fm umg umg jlapr jlaprfms fmscúm cúm kf kf nls prcm prcmjcp jcpcls cls y ng ng mgt mgturg urgnfz nfzgg kf ngs ngs agtfaç agtfaçtcj tcjgs gs

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Zf jlaumc jlaumcquf qufm m jlm jlm jng jngrck rckgk gk y jjlmo lmocgm cgmzg zg fm kcvfrs kcvfrsls ls jlmtfx jlmtfxtls tls

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Kf Kfsg sgrr rrln lnnf nfm m fn pfm pfmsg sgac acfm fmtl tl nnúd údcj cjl, l, jrá jrátc tcjl jl y jrf jrfgt gtcv cvl l

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Gkqucfrgm Gkqucfrgm jlmocgmzg jlmocgmzg fm sá acsals acsals y sfgm pfrsfv pfrsfvfrgmt frgmtfs fs y gutúmlals gutúmlals gn pfmsgr pfmsgr y rfslnvf rfslnvfrr prlinfag prlinfagss fm um jlmtfxtl agtfaçtcjl

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Kfsgrr Kfsgrrlnn lnnfm fm sus jgpgjc jgpgjckgk kgkfs fs kf dfmfrg dfmfrgncz nczgj gjcúm cúm y ggist istrgj rgjjcú jcúm m

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Gpncqufm Gpncqufm y trgmso trgmsocfrgm cfrgm egicnc egicnckgkfs kgkfs g umg gapncg gapncg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf sctugjcl sctugjclmfs mfs kf ng vckg vckg rfgn, rfgn, g ltrgs çrfgs kfn jlmljcacfmtl y g gvgmjfs outurls Gprfjcfm Gprfjcfm júal júal nls nls gvgmj gvgmjfs fs tfjmlnú tfjmlnúdcjl dcjlss egm egm cmonuckl cmonuckl fm nls nls gvgmjfs gvgmjfs fm agtfaçt agtfaçtcjgs cjgs,, y vvcjfvf cjfvfrsg rsg

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Gprfjcfm Gprfjcfm ngs ngs capncjgj capncjgjclmfs clmfs alrgn alrgnfs, fs, sljcgn sljcgnfs fs y ãtcjg ãtcjgss kfn trgig trgigbl bl kf nls agtfaçt agtfaçtcjls cjls y ngs gpncjgjcl gpncjgjclmfs mfs kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs

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Gprfjcfm Gprfjcfm ng k kcafms cafmscúm cúm cmtfrmgjcl cmtfrmgjclmgn mgn kf ngs ngs agtfaç agtfaçtcjg tcjgs, s, rrfjlml fjlmljcfmk jcfmkl l su umcvfrsgn umcvfrsgnckgk ckgk y sus sus pfrspfjtcvgs auntcjunturgnfs f ecstúrcjgs

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_gnlrf _gnlrfm m ng jjlmt lmtrci rciujc ujcúm úm kf kf ngs agtfaç agtfaçtcj tcjgs gs g ltrg ltrgss çr çrfgs fgs kfn kfn jlmlj jlmljcac cacfmt fmtl l

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Kfsgrrlnnf Kfsgrrlnnfm m nls jlmljcacfmt jlmljcacfmtls, ls, ngs ngs egicnc egicnckgkfs kgkfs y ngs gjtc gjtctukfs tukfs mfjfsgrcgs mfjfsgrcgs pgrg jlmtcmugr jlmtcmugr fstukcgmkl fstukcgmkl agtfaçtcjgs

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Kfsgrrlnnf Kfsgrrlnnfm m ng jgpgjckgk jgpgjckgk kf rfonfxc rfonfxclmgr lmgr kf ag agmfrg mfrg jrátcjg jrátcjg slirf su prlpcl prlpcl trgigbl trgigbl y fn kf nls kfaçs kfaçs

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

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Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Libftcvls fspfjáojls

Nls libftcvls kf tlkls drupls kfFstginfjfm gscdmgturgsnlkfn nls ocmfs sf pfrscdufm jlmfspfjáocjls fn gprfmkczgbf kf ngnls gscdmgturg. qufXGC fn olraungm gnuaml sfrç jgpgzjlmjrftls kf egjfrquf jlal rfsuntgkl kf egifr fstukcgkl ng gscdmgturg. Nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC fmdnligm ngs kcafmsclmfs oçjtcjg, jlmjfptugn, prljfkcafmtgn y aftgjldmctcvg kfn jlmljcacfmtl. Nls jlnfdcls kfifm kfifm   usgr nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls prlplrjclmgkls fm fstg duág pgrg fn prcafr, tfrjfr y qucmtl g÷l kfn prldrgag. gspfjtls l Jgkg libftcvl fspfjáocjl jlmstg kf vgrcls gspfjtls  l cmkcjgklrfs kf ngs fxpfjtgtcvgs kf gprfmkczgbf. Nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs kfifm kfifm gilrkgr  gilrkgr tlkls tlkls nls  nls gspfjtls kf tlkls tlkls nls  nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls gn afmls kls vfjfs fm vfjfs fm jgkg g÷l kfn g÷l kfn XGC. Fstls libftcvls fspfjáocjls fstçm kcrfjtgafmtf rfngjclmgkls jlm nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm quf ocdurgm fm ng sfjjcúm „Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl‑ kf fstg duág.

G Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm Fn jlmljcacfmtl y ng jlaprfmscúm slm oumkgafmtgnfs fm fn fstukcl kf agtfaçtcjgs y jlmstctuyfm fn pumtl kf pgrtckg pgrg fxpnlrgr jlmjfptls y kfsgrrlnngr egicnckgkfs. Jlm fstf libftcvl fspfjáocjl sf fvgnòg ng afkckg fm quf nls gnuamls slm jgpgjfs kf sfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr ngs agtfaçtcjgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs fm umg vgrcfkgk kf jlmtfxtls. Fstf libftcvl rfqucfrf quf nls gnuamls kfaufstrfm jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm kf nls jlmjfptls y ngs egicnckgkfs kf ngs jugtrl rgags kfn agrjl dfmfrgn (rgzlmgacfmtl muaãrcjl y gistrgjtl, rgzlmgacfmtl g trgvãs kf alkfnls, rgzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn, y rgzlmgacfmtl g pgrtcr kf kgtls). Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss gprlpcgk gprlpcgkgs gs pgrg pgrg rf rfslnvf slnvfrr prlinfag prlinfagss fm sctugj sctugjclmfs clmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlmljckgs jlal

cc.

kfsjlmljckgs Gpncj Gpncjgr gr kfickg kfickgafmtf afmtf ngs agtfaçtcjgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfj sfnfjjclm jclmgkgs gkgs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr prlinfags prlinfags

ccc.

Yfslnvfr Yfslnvfr prlin prlinfags fags jlrr jlrrfjtga fjtgafmtf fmtf fm umg umg vgrcfkg vgrcfkgk k kf jlmtfxtls jlmtfxtls

I Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs Ng cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs pfractf g nls gnuamls fxpfrcafmtgr fn pngjfr y ng sgtcsogjjcúm kfn kfsjuircacfmtl agtfaçtcjl. Fn trgigbl afkcgmtf ng cmvfstcdgjcúm nls gmcag g sfr gukgjfs, cmkgdgklrfs y pfmsgklrfs jrátcjls. Ng jgpgjckgk kf cmkgdgr fs kf drgm vgnlr fm fn XGC y jlmtrciuyf g olragr pfrslmgs quf jlmtcmògm gprfmkcfmkl kurgmtf tlkg ng vckg. Vmg tgrfg sf jlmsckfrg kfagscgkl ducgkg sc ml pfractf g nls gnuamls sfnfjjclmgr umg tãjmcjg kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags0 fm tgnfs jgsls, nls gnuamls kfn prcafr y sfdumkl g÷l plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ?, y nls gnuamls kfn tfrjfr g÷l fm gkfngmtf gnjgmzgrçm jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ;. Ml listgmtf, nls prlofslrfs kfifm prlplrjclmgr suocjcfmtfs cmstrujjclmfs pgrg quf tlkls nls gnuamls pufkgm cmcjcgr ng cmvfstcdgjcúm.

5

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Libftcvls fspfjáojls

Kfn tfrjfr g÷l fm gkfngmtf, nls gnuamls quf kfsjrcigm umg rfdng dfmfrgn kf gjufrkl jlm egnngzdls cmjlrrfjtls plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ?, scfaprf y jugmkl fstg rfdng plsfg um mcvfn kf jlapnfbckgk fqucvgnfmtf. Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr y gpncjgr gpncjgr tãjmcjgs tãjmcjgs agtfaç agtfaçtcjgs tcjgs kf rf rfslnuj slnujcúm cúm kf kf prlinfags prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc.

Kfsjr Kfsjrcicr cicr pgtrlmfs pgtrlmfs jlal rfdngs rfdngs d dfmfrgn fmfrgnfs fs jlefrf jlefrfmtfs mtfs jlm nls egnngzdls egnngzdls

ccc.

Kfalstrgr, Kfalstrgr, l vfrcocj vfrcocjgr gr y bustco bustcocjgr cjgr,, rfdngs rfdngs dfmfrgnfs dfmfrgnfs

J Jlaumcjgjcúm Ngs agtfaçtcjgs jlmstctuyfm um nfmdugbf umcvfrsgn quf lorfjf fmlrafs plscicnckgkfs. Zf fspfrg quf nls gnuamls utcncjfm nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl y kcofrfmtfs olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm gn jlaumcjgr ngs ckfgs, nls rgzlmgacfmtls y nls egnngzdls, tgmtl kf olrag lrgn jlal fsjrctg. Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2 c.

Vsgr nfmdugbf nfmdugbf agtfaç agtfaçtcjl tcjl gprlpcgkl gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm (mltgjcúm,, sáailnls sáailnls y tfracmlnl tfracmlnldág) dág) fm fxpncjg fxpncjgjclmf jclmfss tgmtl tgmtl lrgnfs jlal fsjrctgs

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr prfsfmtgr cmolragjcú cmolragjcúm m

ccc.

Jgaicgr Jgaicgr kf kf umgs umgs oolrags lrags kf rfprfs rfprfsfmtgj fmtgjcúm cúm agtfaç agtfaçtcjg tcjg g ltrgs ltrgs

cv.

Jlaumcjgr Jlaumcjgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzlmgac rgzlmgacfmtl fmtl agtfaçt agtfaçtcjl cjl jlapnf jlapnftgs, tgs, jlefrf jlefrfmtfs mtfs y jlmjc jlmjcsgs sgs

v.

Lrd Lrdgmc gmczgr zgr cmol cmolrag ragjcú jcúm m fapnfgm fapnfgmkl kl umg umg fst fstruj rujtur turgg núdcjg núdcjg

K Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC gmcag g nls gnuamls g pfrjcicr ngs agtfaçtcjgs jlal umg efrrgacfmtg pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags fm jlmtfxtls rfgnfs. Zf fspfrg quf nls gnuamls trgmsocfrgm jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls tfúrcjls g sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn y gpncqufm fstrgtfdcgs gprlpcgkgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags, fxtrgcdgm jlmjnusclmfs vçnckgs y rfonfxclmfm slirf sus rfsuntgkls. Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2 c.

Ckfmtc Ckfmtcocj ocjgr gr ffnfa nfafmt fmtls ls pfrt pfrtcmf cmfmtf mtfss kf ssctu ctugjc gjclmf lmfss kf ng ng vc vckg kg rfgn rfgn

cc.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr fstrgtfdc fstrgtfdcgs gs agt agtfaçtc façtcjgs jgs gprlpc gprlpcgkgs gkgs pgrg pgrg rfslnv rfslnvfr fr sct sctugjcl ugjclmfs mfs kf ng ng vckg rfgn

ccc. cv.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr kfickgafm kfickgafmtf tf ngs fstrgtfd fstrgtfdcgs cgs agtfaçtc agtfaçtcjgs jgs sfnfjjc sfnfjjclmgk lmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr nnfdgr g umg umg slnujcúm slnujcúm Bustco Bustcocjg cjgrr fn drgkl drgkl kf kf prfjcs prfjcscúm cúm kf kf umg sslnu lnujcú jcúm m

v.

Bustc Bustcocjg ocjgrr sc umg umg slnujcú slnujcúm m tcfmf tcfmf sfmtckl sfmtckl fm fm fn jlmtfx jlmtfxtl tl kf ng sctugjcú sctugjcúm m kf ng ng vckg rfgn

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

3

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Xngmcojgjcúm kf ng prldrfscúm kfn gprfmkczgbf

Fm Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC, ng jlapnfbckgk kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs vg fm guafmtl g nl ngrdl kfn prldrgag. Xlr fstf altcvl, nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls quf sf prfsfmtgm g jlmtcmugjcúm pgrg fn prcafr, tfrjfr y qucmtl g÷l slm auy scacngrfs, pfrl ng jlapnfbckgk kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs libftl kf fvgnugjcúm sf vg cmjrfafmtgmkl. G nl ngrdl kfn prldrgag, nls gnuamls kfifm trgigbgr nls jlmtfmckls kfn jurrájunl y kfalstrgr su jlaprfmscúm jlm mcvfnfs kf jlapnfbckgk jgkg vfz agylrfs. Xrcafr g÷l

[frjfr g÷l

Wucmtl g÷l

Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2

Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2

Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2

Libftcvl fspfjáocjl G2 Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm c.

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr ng ngss agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gprlpcgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

c.

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr ng ngss ag agtf tfaç açtc tcjg jgss gprlpcgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

c.

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr ngs ngs ag agtf tfaç açtc tcjg jgss gprlpcgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc. cc.

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr kf kfic ickg kgaf afmt mtff ng ngss agtfaçtcjgs sfnfjjclmgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags

cc. cc.

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr kf kfic ickg kgaf afmt mtff ngs ngs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfjjclmgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags

cc. cc.

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr kf kfic ickg kgaf afmt mtff ngs ngs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfjjclmgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags

ccc. ccc.

Yf Yfsl slnv nvfr fr pr prli linf nfag agss jlrrfjtgafmtf fm umg vgrcfkgk kf jlmtfxtls

ccc. ccc.

Yfsl Yfslnv nvfr fr pr prli linf nfag agss jlrrfjtgafmtf fm umg vgrcfkgk kf jlmtfxtls

ccc. ccc.

Yfsl Yfslnv nvfr fr pr prli linf nfag agss jlrrfjtgafmtf fm umg vgrcfkgk kf jlmtfxtls

Libftcvl fspfjáocjl I2 Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs c.

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr tãjm tãjmcj cjgs gs ag agtf tfaç açtc tcjg jgss c. kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg rfjlmljfr pgtrlmfs

cc. cc.

Kfsj Kfsjrc rcic icrr pgt pgtrl rlmf mfss jla jlal l rfngjclmfs l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs cc. cc. jlefrfmtfs jlm egnngzdls jlrrfjtls

ccc. ccc.

_f _frc rcoc ocjg jgrr sc fn pgtr pgtrúm úm sf juapnf jlm ltrls fbfapnls

ccc. ccc.

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr y gp gpncncjg jgrr ttãj ãjmc mcjg jgss c. agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr y gp gpncncjg jgrr ttãj ãjmc mcjg jgss agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

Kfsj Kfsjrc rcic icrr pgt pgtrl rlmf mfss jla jlal l cc. cc. Kfsj Kfsjrc rcic icrr pgt pgtrl rlmf mfss jla jlal l rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls jlm nls egnngzdls egnngzdls ccc. ccc. Kf Kfal alst strg rgr, r, l vf vfrc rcoc ocjg jgrr y _fr _frcoc cocjgr jgr y bus bustco tcocjg cjgrr rfn rfngjc gjclmf lmfss  bustcocjgr, rfdngs dfmfrgnfs dfmfrgnfs y/l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs

Libftcvl fspfjáocjl J2 Jlaumcjgjcúm c.

Vsgr Vsgr nf nfmd mdug ugbf bf agtf agtfaç açtc tcjjl gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm, sáailnls y tfracmlnldág) fm fmumjcgkls tgmtl lrgnfs jlal fsjrctls

c.

Vsgr sgr nfm nfmdu dugb gbff agt agtfa façt çtcj cjl l gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm, sáailnls y tfracmlnldág) fm fxpncjgjclmfs tgmtl lrgnfs jlal fsjrctgs

c.

Vsgr sgr nnfm fmdu dugb gbff agt agtfa façt çtcj cjl l gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm, sáailnls y tfracmlnldág) fm fxpncjgjclmfs tgmtl lrgnfs jlal fsjrctgs

cc.

Vsgr ol olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

cc.

Vsgr olrags kf kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

cc.

Vsgr olrags kf kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

78

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Xngmcojgjcúm kf ng prldrfscúm kfn gprfmkczgbf

Xrcafr g÷l

[frjfr g÷l

Wucmtl g÷l

Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2

Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2

Xgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2

ccc. ccc.

Jlau Jlaumc mcjg jgrr nnám ámfg fgss k kff rgzlmgacfmtl agtfaçtcjl jlefrfmtfs

ccc. ccc.

Jg Jgai aicg cgrr kf kf u umg mgss olr olrag agss kf kf ccc. ccc. rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg g ltrgs

Jg Jgai aicg cgrr kf kf u umg mgss oolr lrag agss kf kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg g ltrgs

cv. cv.

Lrdg Lrdgmc mczg zgrr cm cmol olra ragj gjcú cúm m fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

cv cv..

Jlau Jlaumc mcjg jgrr námf námfgs gs kf rgzlmgacfmtl agtfaçtcjl jlapnftgs y jlefrfmtfs

cv. cv.

v.

Lrdg Lrdgmc mczg zgrr cmol cmolra ragj gjcú cúm m fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Jlau Jlaumc mcjg jgrr námf námfgs gs kf rgzlmgacfmtl agtfaçtcjl jlapnftgs, jlefrfmtfs y jlmjcsgs

v.

Lrdg Lrdgmc mczg zgrr cm cmol olra ragj gjcú cúm m fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Libftcvl fspfjáocjl K2 Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn c.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr fnfa fnfafm fmtl tlss c. pfrtcmfmtfs kf sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss c. pfrtcmfmtfs kf sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs kf sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr ffst strg rgtf tfdc dcgs gs cc. cc. agtfaçtcjgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr ffst strg rgtf tfdc dcgs gs cc. cc. agtfaçtcjgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr ffst strg rgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtfaçtcjgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg rfslnvfr sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc. ccc.

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr kfic kfickg kgafm afmtf tf ng ngss fstrgtfdcgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfjjclmgkgs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr kfic kfickg kgaf afmt mtff ngs ngs fstrgtfdcgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfjjclmgkgs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr kf kfic ickg kgaf afmt mtff ngs ngs fstrgtfdcgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfjjclmgkgs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm

cv. cv.

Fx Fxpn pncj cjgr gr fn fn dr drgk gkl l kf prfj prfjcs cscú cúm m cv cv.. kf umg slnujcúm

Fx Fxpn pncj cjgr gr fn fn dr drgk gkl l kf pr prfj fjcs cscú cúm m cv. cv. kf umg slnujcúm

Bust Bustco cocj cjgr gr fn dr drgk gkl lk kff prfjcscúm kf umg slnujcúm

v.

Kfsj Kfsjrc rcic icrr sscc umg umg slnu slnujc jcúm úm v. tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

Fx Fxpn pncj cjgr gr sc um umgg slnu slnujc jcúm úm tc tcfm fmff v. sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

Bust Bustco cocj cjgr gr sc umg umg ssln lnuj ujcú cúm m tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc. ccc.

ccc. ccc.

Ng dgag kf egicnckgkfs, tãjmcjgs, fstrgtfdcgs y jlmjfptls fvgnugkls, gsá jlal ng jlapnfbckgk kf su gpncjgjcúm, kfifrçm cmjrfafmtgrsf g afkckg quf nls gnuamls gvgmjfm fm fn prldrgag.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

77

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcl

Ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcls sf igsgm fm ngs kcsjcpncmgs y nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs, pfrl gapnágm ng jlaprfmscúm kcsjcpncmgrcg2 •

Kf agmfrg cmtfdrgklrg2 gumgmkl cmtfdrgklrg2 gumgmkl jlmjfptls, aãtlkls l alkls kf jlaumcjgjcúm kf kls l açs drupls kf gscdmgturgs, kcsjcpncmgs l çrfgs kf jlmljcacfmtl fstginfjckgs pgrg kgr nudgr g mufvgs pfrspfjtcvgs

•

Jlm um ocm kftfracmgkl2 jlmfjtgmkl kftfracmgkl2 jlmfjtgmkl kcsjcpncmgs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags rfgnfs, jrfgr prlkujtls l gilrkgr jufstclmfs jlapnfbgs kf olrags quf kcoájcnafmtf egirágm sckl plscinfs afkcgmtf um slnl fmolquf

Ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcls kgm nudgr g um jurrájunl jlefscvl quf gilrkg ngs mfjfsckgkfs kf kfsgrrlnnl kf nls gnuamls kfn XGC y nls prfpgrg pgrg outurls fstukcls gjgkãacjls (cmtfr)kcsjcpncmgrclss y pgrg ng vckg fm um aumkl jgkg vfz açs cmtfrjlmfjtgkl. (cmtfr)kcsjcpncmgrcl Fn XGC utcnczg jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls jlal pumtls kf pgrtckg pgrg ng cmtfdrgjcúm scdmcocjgtcvg y ng trgmsofrfmjcg kf jlmljcacfmtls fmtrf drupls kf gscdmgturgs y kcsjcpncmgs. Ng puincjgjcúm Xrlaljcúm kf ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcls fn XGC (gdlstl kf 987;, gjtugnczgkg fm sfptcfairf kf 9874) lorfjf açs cmolragjcúm y kftgnng um prljfsl kf pngmcocjgjcúm y rfdcstrl kf umckgkfs cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcgs. Nls jlnfdcls quf lorfjfm fn XGC kfifm gsfdurgrsf kf quf nls gnuamls jursfm jlal aámcal umg umckgk cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcg pngmcocjgkg kf olrag jlngilrgtcvg fm jgkg g÷l kfn prldrgag. Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC ircmkg muafrlsgs lplrtumckgkfs pgrg ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcls. Ngs umckgkfs cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcgs kf fstf drupl kf gscdmgturgs plkrágm cmjnucr cmkgdgjclmfs slirf2 •

Ng litfmjc litfmjcúm úm y fn gmçncsc gmçncscss kf kgtls kgtls fstgkás fstgkástcjls tcjls fm ng ngss jn jngsfs gsfs kf Fkujgj Fkujgjcúm cúm Oáscj Oáscjgg y pgrg ng Zgnuk Zgnuk

•

Ng gpnc gpncjg jgjcú jcúm m kf jlmljc jlmljcacf acfmtl mtlss dflaã dflaãtrc trcjl jlss fm prl prlyfj yfjtls tls kf kcsf kcsf÷l ÷l

•

Ng cmvfs cmvfstcd tcdgjc gjcúm úm kf vámj vámjunl unlss fmtrf fmtrf ng ttflr flrág ág au auscj scjgn gn y ngs ngs sfjufm sfjufmjcg jcgss agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs

Fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcl pufkf tfmfr nudgr fm gjtcvckgkfs g pfquf÷g y drgm fsjgng. Fn vfrkgkfrl gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcl sufnf rfqufrcr umg rfonfxcúm jrátcjg y umg pngmcocjgjcúm jlngilrgtcvg kftgnngkg. Ml listgmtf, nls prlofslrfs y nls gnuamls tgaicãm pufkfm fstginfjfr jlmfxclmfs cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcgs afkcgmtf jlmvfrsgjclmfs y fxpfrcfmjcgs kf gprfmkczgbf fsplmtçmfgs. Nls prlofslrfs kf tlkls nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs kfn XGC tcfmfm ng rfsplmsgicnckgk kf jrfgr jlmtcmugafmtf lplrtumckgkfs scdmcocjgtcvgs pgrg ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcls.

79

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn XGC

Xrlyfjtls kfn k fn XGC XGC

Fn Xrlyfjtl Jlaumctgrcl kfn XGC (pgrg gnuamls kfn tfrjfr y jugrtl g÷l) y fn Xrlyfjtl Xfrslmgn kfn XGC (pgrg gnuamls kfn qucmtl g÷l) olafmtgm y egjfm plscinf umg cmkgdgjcúm jlmtcmug kfmtrl kf um jlmtfxtl dnlign quf kg nudgr g mufvgs pfrspfjtcvgs y umg jlaprfmscúm açs prloumkg. Fstgs fxpfrcfmjcgs junacmgmtfs kfsgrrlnngm ng jlmocgmzg kf nls gnuamls fm sá acsals jlal pfrslmgs ámtfdrgs jlm umg gjtctuk kf gprfmkczgbf kurgmtf tlkg ng vckg. Gscacsal, rfoufrzgm su jgpgjckgk kf vgnlrgr su prlpcl gprfmkczgbf y jlaumcjgrsf focjgzafmtf, y egjfm quf sf fmlrdunnfzjgm kf sus nldrls. Nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs gyukgm g nls gnuamls g kfsgrrlnngr egicnckgkfs jngvf kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf quf nfs pfractfm kcsorutgr kf nls prlyfjtls kfn XGC y litfmfr iufmls rfsuntgkls. Fm fstf drupl kf gscdmgturgs, nls gnuamls jufmtgm jlm jlmsckfrginfs lplrtumckgkfs pgrg prgjtcjgr ngs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf, fm pgrtcjungr ngs egicnckgkfs jldmctcvgs. Ng lrdgmczgjcúm y ng trgmsolragjcúm kf cmolragjcúm slm gspfjtls fsfmjcgnfs kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs. Nls gnuamls fmjufmtrgm cmspcrgjcúm pgrg sus prlyfjtls fm ngs fxpfrcfmjcgs kf gprfmkczgbf kf fstf drupl kf gscdmgturgs. Gn gpncjgr ngs agtfaçtcjgs g sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn, nls gnuamls fmjlmtrgrçm um scmoám kf lplrtumckgkfs pgrg rfgnczgr prlyfjtls fm nls quf cmjlrplrgr sus egicnckgkfs agtfaçtcjgs. Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC ircmkg muafrlsgs lplrtumckgkfs pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf afkcgmtf ng gjjcúm. Nls prlyfjtls jlaumctgrcls y nls prlyfjtls pfrslmgnfs pufkfm cmjnucr cmkgdgjclmfs cmspcrgkgs fm ngs agtfaçtcjgs, jlal ngs scducfmtfs2 •

Fn gmçnc gmçncscs scs fst fstgká gkástc stcjl jl kf kf um prlin prlinfag fag k kff sus sustfm tfmtgi tgicnc cnckgk kgk nlj nljgn gn l dnli dnlign gn

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Fn gmçnc gmçncscs scs agtfaç agtfaçtcj tcjl l kfn rfmkca rfmkcacfm cfmtl tl ggtnã tnãtcj tcjl l kf umg umg pfrsl pfrslmg mg l um um fqucpl fqucpl

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Fn kfsg kfsgrrl rrlnnl nnl kf kf slnuj slnujclm clmfs fs kf rfkfs rfkfs pgrg pgrg ngs ngs rutgs rutgs kf trgms trgmsplr plrtf tf kfn kfn jlnfd jlnfdcl cl

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng Duág kf nls prlyfjtls  (agyl kf 987;, gjtugnczgkg fm agrzl kf 9875), quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = Jurrájunl Jurrájunl =  = Fnfafmtls jfmtrgnfs = jfmtrgnfs = Xrlyfjtls kfn XGC.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

7:

 

Fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl

Yfqucsctls

Elrgs nfjtcvgs

Nls jlnfdcls kfifm kfkcjgr ngs elrgs nfjtcvgs mfjfsgrcgs pgrg juapncr nls rfqucsctls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC. Fn XGC rfqucfrf kfkcjgr gn afmls 68 elrgs nfjtcvgs g jgkg drupl kf gscdmgturgs fm jgkg g÷l kfn prldrgag. Ml listgmtf, fm ng prçjtcjg sufnfm sfr mfjfsgrcgs açs elrgs, ml slnl pgrg juapncr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs y fspfjáocjls kfn drupl kf gscdmgturgs, scml tgaicãm pgrg plkfr fmsf÷gr ngs kcsjcpncmgs scauntçmfgafmtf, jlm jlmtcmuckgk y fm jgkg g÷l kfn prldrgag, nl jugn egjf plscinf fn gprfmkczgbf cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcl. Zc nls gnuamls kfsfgm litfmfr rfsuntgkls kf nls jursls kfn XGC kfn CI quf jlmtrciuygm gn jfrtcocjgkl kfn XGC kfn CI, sf rfjlacfmkg quf nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs cmjnuygm gn afmls 48 elrgs nfjtcvgs fm jgkg uml kf nls kls òntcals g÷ls kfn prldrgag (jugrtl y qucmtl g÷l).

Lrdgmczgjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn jlnfdcl [lkls nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs kfn XGC, cmjnuckl Agtfaçtcjgs, tcfmfm um agrjl jurrcjungr jlm libftcvls dfmfrgnfs y fspfjáocjls ocmgnfs. Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC prlplrjclmg, gkfaçs, um agrjl kf tfags y egicnckgkfs lrdgmczgkl fm jugtrl rgags pgrg trfs mcvfnfs kcstcmtls2 7.fr-:.fr g÷l kfn XGC, ;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn dfmfrgn) y ;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl). Fn agrjl tgaicãm sudcfrf tfags pgrg fmrcqufjfr y gapncgr fn gprfmkczgbf kf nls gnuamls0 fstls tfags slm lpjclmgnfs y ml olragrçm pgrtf kf ng fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg.

Mcvfnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs fm fn jugrtl y qucmtl g÷l kfn XGC Fm fn XGC, ngs agtfaçtcjgs kfifm fstgr gn gnjgmjf kf tlkls nls gnuamls y tlkls nls gnuamls kfifm fstukcgrngs. Nls jlnfdcls kfifm gsfdurgrsf kf quf fn jurrájunl pfractg g tlkls nls gnuamls kfsgrrlnngr su pltfmjcgn gn açxcal y gnjgmzgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs y fspfjáocjls ocmgnfs kfn drupl kf gscdmgturgs. Fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs fstç lrdgmczgkl kf agmfrg quf nls gnuamls fm fn jugrtl y qucmtl g÷l dfmfrgn)  y Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn pufkfm fnfdcr fmtrf kls mcvfnfs kf kcocjuntgk2 Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn dfmfrgn)  gvgmzgkl). •

Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn dfmfrgn) lorfjf dfmfrgn) lorfjf g tlkls nls gnuamls um jlmljcacfmtl súnckl kf nls prcmjcpcls agtfaçtcjls y, gkfaçs, nfs pfractf kfsgrrlnngr ngs egicnckgkfs mfjfsgrcgs pgrg juapncr nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC.

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Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn gvgmzgkl) cmjnuyf gvgmzgkl) cmjnuyf fn agrjl kfn mcvfn dfmfrgn jlapnfafmtgkl jlm tfags y egicnckgkfs gkcjclmgnfs. Fstf mcvfn prlplrjclmg ngs igsfs pgrg nls gnuamls quf kfsffm jursgr fstukcls gvgmzgkls kf agtfaçtcjgs, plr fbfapnl, nls jursls kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn XK fm fn MZ. Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn gvgmzgkl) gapnág y prloumkczg fn agrjl kf Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn dfmfrgn).

Gkfaçs kf igsgrsf fm fn agrjl dfmfrgn, tlkls nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC kfifm dgrgmtczgr quf nls gnuamls2 •

Gp Gpncncqu qufm fm ngs ngs agt agtfa façt çtcj cjgs gs g sctu sctugj gjcl clmf mfss kf ng vvck ckgg rfgn rfgn

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Yf Yfgn gncj cjfm fm cmv cmvfs fstc tcdg dgjc jclm lmfs fs pgr pgrgg kfsj kfsjui uirc rcrr pgtr pgtrlm lmfs fs

7;

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl

Xngmcojgjcúm kfn jurrájunl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Nls Jlnfdcls kfn Aumkl kfn CI slm rfsplmsginfs kf kfsgrrlnngr y fstrujturgr nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kf olrag quf pfractgm g nls gnuamls gnjgmzgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs y fspfjáocjls kfn prldrgag. Ngs jcrjumstgmjcgs fspfjáocjgs kf jgkg jlnfdcl, cmjnuckls nls rfqucsctls jurrcjungrfs nljgnfs y mgjclmgnfs, kftfracmgrçm júal lrdgmczgm fn jursl. Ngs mlrags pgrg ng capnfafmtgjcúm kfn XGC y sus gpncjgjclmfs jlmjrftgs cmstgm g nls jlnfdcls g ogjcnctgr y prlalvfr ng pngmcocjgjcúm jlngilrgtcvg pgrg kfsgrrlnngr y rfvcsgr fn jurrájunl. Nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs pgrg jgkg g÷l kfn prldrgag gplrtgm jlmtcmuckgk y fstrujturgm ng prldrfscúm kfn gprfmkczgbf. Kcjels libftcvls scrvfm g nls prlofslrfs pgrg tlagr kfjcsclmfs slirf fxpfrcfmjcgs kf gprfmkczgbf gkfjugkgs g nls mcvfnfs kf kfsgrrlnnl kf nls gnuamls, cmjnuckgs ngs fvgnugjclmfs olragtcvgs y suagtcvgs. Gn rfgnczgr ng grtcjungjcúm vfrtcjgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs pgrg tlkls nls g÷ls kfn prldrgag, nls prlofslrfs kfifm pngmcocjgr umckgkfs kf trgigbl jgkg vfz açs jlapnfbgs quf juirgm aòntcpnfs libftcvls fspfjáocjls. Ml listgmtf, kfmtrl kf fstgs umckgkfs pufkf egifr, g su vfz, tgrfgs l umckgkfs kf trgigbl açs pfquf÷gs quf sf jlmjfmtrfm fm libftcvls fspfjáocjls jlmjrftls l fm gspfjtls pgrtcjungrfs kf fstls libftcvls. Nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs prfsfmtgm muafrlsgs lplrtumckgkfs pgrg fstginfjfr jlmfxclmfs cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcgs fm fn jurrájunl. Gn rfgnczgr ng grtcjungjcúm elrczlmtgn fm jgkg g÷l kfn prldrgag, kfif jllrkcmgrsf ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf kf tlkls nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs. Gscacsal, fs mfjfsgrcl ckfmtcocjgr jlaprfmsclmfs jlmjfptugnfs jlapgrtckgs y fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf jlaumfs g vgrcls drupls kf gscdmgturgs pgrg quf ng fxpfrcfmjcg kf gprfmkczgbf kf nls gnuamls sfg jlefrfmtf kurgmtf tlkl fn g÷l. Fm agtfaçtcjgs, fn gprfmkczgbf fs dfmfrgnafmtf sfjufmjcgn. Xgrg litfmfr iufmls rfsuntgkls fm jursls sujfscvls, fs oumkgafmtgn sfmtgr icfm ngs igsfs fm nls jursls gmtfrclrfs. Ml slnl fs mfjfsgrcl sfjufmjcgr gkfjugkgafmtf nls jlmtfmckls, scml tgaicãm nls aãtlkls kf fmsf÷gmzg, ngs fvgnugjclmfs y ngs fstrgtfdcgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags. Zf cmstg g nls prlofslrfs g quf grtcjunfm fn jlmtcmul kf agtfaçtcjgs fm sus rfspfjtcvls jlnfdcls. Fstl sf pufkf plmfr fm prçjtcjg kf kcvfrsgs agmfrgs0 ml listgmtf, tlkgs fnngs rfqucfrfm umg pngmcocjgjcúm gkfjugkg. Xgrg gncmfgr vfrtcjgnafmtf fn gprfmkczgbf y ng fvgnugjcúm fs mfjfsgrcl tfmfr fm jufmtg nls jlmljcacfmtls, ngs egicnckgkfs y ngs gjtctukfs capncjgkls. Nls scducfmtfs fbfapnls aufstrgm plscinfs olrags kf sfjufmjcgr ngs gjtcvckgkfs g ocm kf prfpgrgr g nls gnuamls pgrg nls jlmtfmckls kf agtfaçtcjgs quf fstukcgrçm fm fn XK. Fstls fbfapnls aufstrgm nls kcstcmtls fmolqufs quf pufkfm gklptgr nls prlofslrfs g ng elrg kf pngmcocjgr ng trgmscjcúm kfskf fn prcafr g÷l kfn XGC egstg nls jursls kf agtfaçtcjgs kfn XK.

Fbfapnl 72 Fngilrgjcúm kf alkfnls slirf afkckgs gmtrlplaãtrcjgs Fstf fbfapnl cnustrg um aãtlkl quf sf plkrág utcnczgr jlm fn ocm kf sfjufmjcgr egicnckgkfs quf fs mfjfsgrcl gkqucrcr pgrg ng fvgnugjcúm cmtfrmg. Zf jfmtrg fm gjtcvckgkfs kf fngilrgjcúm kf alkfnls slirf afkckgs gmtrlplaãtrcjgs (kfn jufrpl euagml), kfskf kfskf fn prcafr g÷l kfn XGC egstg fn XK. G÷l

[fags/egicnckgkfs

Xrcafr gg÷ ÷l kf kfn X XG GC •

Litfmjcúm kf kf kg kgtls

Xlscinfs gjtcvckgkfs

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Yfpr Yfprfs fsfm fmtg tgjc jclm lmfs fs drç rçoc ocjjgs

Alkfnls scapnfs, jlal uml quf rfngjclmf ng fstgturg jlm ng

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Yfngjcúm fm fmtrf vvggrcginfs

nlmdctuk kfn pcf

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

76

 

Xngmcojgjcúm kfn jurrájunl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

G÷l

[fags/egicnckgkfs •

[frjfr g÷l kfn XG XGC •

Kf Kfsj sjrc rcpj pjcú cúm m oolr lrag agnn f cmol cmolra ragn gn kf ng ngss ttfm fmkf kfmj mjcg cgss lisfrvgkgs Xngml jgrtfscgml

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Zc Zctu tugr gr pumt pumtls ls fm um scst scstfa fagg kf jllr jllrkf kfmg mgkg kgss

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[fmkfmjcgs y pr prfkcjjclmfs

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Alkf Alkfnl nlss ggpr prl lxcagk cagkl ls („g („g lbl‑) bl‑)

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_grc _grcgi ginf nfss cmk cmkfp fpfm fmkc kcfm fmtf tfss orf orfmt mtff g vgrc vgrcgi ginf nfss kfpfmkcfmtfs

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_gnl _gnlrf rfss gpr gprlp lpcg cgkl klss kf kf ngs ngs vg vgrc rcgi ginf nfss

Wucmt ucmtl l g÷ g÷l l kfn kfn XGC •

Xlscinfs gjtcvckgkfs

Kl Klac acmc mcl l y rf rfjjlrr rrcckl

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Yfdrfscúm ncncmfgn

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Xrfjcscúm ((jjlrrfngjcúm)

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Xrfkcjjcúm

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Vsl kf kf af afkcls tf tfjmlnúdcjls

Alkfnczgr kgtls0 plr fbfapnl, elairfs jlapgrgkls jlm aubfrfs

Fxtfmsclmfs kfn klacmcl y kfn rfjlrrckl igsgkgs fm fn fapnfl kf alkfnls0 plr fbfapnl, fstgturg (elairf l aubfr) fm rfngjcúm jlm ng nlmdctuk kfn pcf (elairf l aubfr) Yfslnujcúm kf jráafmfs2 sc sf jlmljf ng nlmdctuk kfn pcf, ¼juçn fs ng gnturg prliginf kfn slspfjelsl< ¼Xufkfm fxcstcr nls dcdgmtfs<

Xrcafr/sfdumkl g÷l kfn XK

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Fnf nfjjjcúm cúm kf alkf alkfnl nlss prlp prlpcl clss

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Jlapgrgjcúm

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Jlfo Jlfocj cjcf cfmt mtff kf jlrr jlrrfn fngj gjcú cúm m

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Fngilrgjcúm y fapnfl kf alkfnls igsgkls fm kcvfrsgs oumjclmfs

Gpncjgjcúm kf ng pgnflgmtrlplaftrág (rfngjclmgr Kcsj Kcsjus uscú cúm m kf kf ngs ngs ncncac actg tgjc jclm lmfs fs kf nls nls alk alkfn fnls ls y fn tgag÷l kf nls eufsls pgrg kgtls kf nls gnuamls plr pgrtf kf fnnls acsals kftfracmgr fn tgag÷l kf um kcmlsgurcl l ng fstgturg kf um gmtfpgsgkl kfn sfr euagml) Vsl Vsl kf alkf alkfnl nlss açs açs jlap lapnf nfbbls

Fstf fbfapnl cnustrg aãtlkl quf sf plkrág utcnczgr pgrg sfjufmjcgr um prlinfag jlmjrftl. Zf igsg fm Fbfapnl 92um_lnuafm y çrfg

gjtcvckgkfs pgrg cmvfstcdgr tlkl nl rfngjclmgkl jlm fn vlnuafm y fn çrfg, kfskf fn prcafr g÷l kfn XGC egstg fn XK. G÷l

Xlscinfs gjtcvckgkfs

Xrcafrr g÷l kfn XGC Xrcaf XGC

Nls gnuamls gnuamls cmvfstcdgr cmvfstcdgrçm çm fn jlmjfp jlmjfptl tl kf gprlxcagjc gprlxcagjcúm úm afkcgmtf afkcgmtf fn usl usl kf um um jcncmkrl pgrg egnngr fn vlnuafm gprlxcagkl kf umg vgrcfkgk kf fmvgsfs kf ifickgs jlm olrags crrfdungrfs. Fngilrgrçm um cmolraf fm fn quf kfsjrcigm y fxpncqufm pgrg quã fmvgsfs sf pufkf egnngr afblr fn vlnuafm gprlxcagkl usgmkl um jcncmkrl.

[frjfr [frj fr g÷l kfn XGC XGC

Nls gnuamls gnuamls cmvfstcdgr cmvfstcdgrçm çm quã sujfkf sujfkf jugmkl jugmkl sf alkcocjg alkcocjgm m ngs kcafmsclmfs kcafmsclmfs (rgkcl (rgkcl y gnturg) kf um rfjcpcfmtf jcnámkrcjl. Fngilrgrçm um cmolraf fm fn quf cmkcjgrçm quã kcafmscúm egjf quf vgráf açs fn vgnlr ocmgn kfn vlnuafm y kfn çrfg.

Wucmtl Wucmt l g÷l kfn kfn XGC

Nlsjugnfs gnuamls gnuamls kftfracmgr kftfr çmfs juç juçnfs nfs slm slmsgicfmkl ngs k kcafms cafmsclmfs clmfs kf kf umg ngtg ngkf tg kf rforfs rforfsjl pgrg ngs fn çrfg kfacmgrçm ng ngtg aámcag, quf fn vlnuafm ng ngtg fsjl pgrg jlmstgmtf (::8 an). Xgrg fnnl egrçm usl kf rfprfsfmtgjclmfs drçocjgs, fapnfgmkl umg jgnjungklrg kf pgmtgnng drçocjg.

7?

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Xngmcojgjcúm kfn jurrájunl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

G÷l

Xlscinfs gjtcvckgkfs

Xrcafr/sfdumkl g÷l Nls gnuamls kftfracmgrçm juçnfs slm ngs kcafmsclmfs kf umg ngtg kf rforfsjl pgrg kfn XK ngs jugnfs fn çrfg kf ng ngtg fs aámcag, sgicfmkl quf fn vlnuafm kf ng ngtg fs jlmstgmtf (::8 an). Xgrg fnnl utcnczgrçm fn gmçncscs agtfaçtcjl y jlapgrgrçm fn rfsuntgkl jlm fn quf sf litcfmf fapnfgmkl ltrl aãtlkl gntfrmgtcvl. [lkl jugmtl sf pufkg egjfr fm jugnqucfrg kf fstgs çrfgs pgrg ogjcnctgr ng trgmscjcúm kfn XGC gn XK gyukgrç g nls gnuamls g litfmfr afblrfs rfsuntgkls0 nls fbfapnls gmtfrclrfs ml kfifm jlmsckfrgrsf jlal ng òmcjg agmfrg kf nldrgr fstg aftg.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

74

 

Fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Ng cmkgdgjcúm, fm fn sfmtckl açs gapncl kfn tãracml, fs fn prljfsl quf sf utcnczg pgrg nldrgr umls mcvfnfs kf jlaprfmscúm açs prloumkls. Ng cmkgdgjcúm capncjg fspfjungr, fxpnlrgr, jufstclmgr y fstginfjfr jlmfxclmfs. Fm tlkls nls prldrgags kfn CI, ng cmkgdgjcúm fstcaung ng jurclsckgk y ogvlrfjf fn pfmsgacfmtl jrátcjl y jrfgtcvl. Fn XGC fstrujturg ng cmkgdgjcúm jlmtcmug fm Agtfaçtcjgs afkcgmtf fn kfsgrrlnnl kf ng jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn   fm jlmtfxtls dnlignfs.  jlmjfptugn dnlignfs.  Nls prlofslrfs y nls gnuamls kfsgrrlnngm um fmumjcgkl kf ng cmkgdgjcúm y cmkgdgjcúm cmkgdgjcúm pgrg fxpnlrgr nls tfags. Gn cmkgdgr, nls gnuamls gkqucfrfm  y utcnczgm prfdumtgs kf cmkgdgjcúm pgrg egicnckgkfs kcsjcpncmgrcgs f cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcgs fspfjáocjgs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf.

Jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn Vm jlmjfptl fs umg „ckfg caplrtgmtf‑, um prcmjcpcl l umg mljcúm pfrkurginfs juyg caplrtgmjcg trgsjcfmkf sus lrádfmfs, kcsjcpncmgs l agrjls tfaplrgnfs. Nls jlmjfptls jlmstctuyfm fn vfeájunl pgrg ng cmkgdgjcúm kf nls gnuamls slirf jufstclmfs f ckfgs kf caplrtgmjcg pfrslmgn, nljgn y dnlign, y slm tgaicãm nls afkcls pgrg fxpnlrgr ng fsfmjcg kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs. Nls jlmjfptls ljupgm um nudgr caplrtgmtf fm ng fstrujturg kfn jlmljcacfmtl, quf fxcdf g nls prlofslrfs y g nls gnuamls pfmsgr jlm umg jlapnfbckgk jgkg vfz agylr gn lrdgmczgr y rfngjclmgr nls kgtls y nls tfags. Nls jlmjfptls rfprfsfmtgm ng jlaprfmscúm quf gjlapg÷grç g nls gnuamls fm ng gvfmturg kfn gprfmkczgbf kurgmtf tlkg ng vckg. Nls gyukgm g olraungr prcmjcpcls, dfmfrgnczgjclmfs y tflrágs. Nls gnuamls utcnczgm ng jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags, gmgnczgr jufstclmfs y fvgnugr kfjcsclmfs quf pufkfm tfmfr um capgjtl fm su vckg, fm su jlaumckgk y fm fn rfstl kfn aumkl. Fm fn XGC, ng jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn sf fstrujturg afkcgmtf jlmjfptls jngvf y jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls prfsjrctls. Nls prlofslrfs kfifm utcnczgr fstls jlmjfptls pgrg kfsgrrlnngr fn jurrájunl. Gscacsal, nls jlnfdcls pufkfm ckfmtcocjgr y kfsgrrlnngr jlmjfptls gkcjclmgnfs pgrg juapncr jlm nls rfqucsctls jurrcjungrfs nljgnfs y gkgptgrnls g sus jcrjumstgmjcgs jlmjrftgs.

Jlmjfptls jngvf Nls jlmjfptls jngvf ogvlrfjfm fn kfsgrrlnnl kf um jurrájunl gapncl. Yfprfsfmtgm ckfgs caplrtgmtfs quf tcfmfm pfrtcmfmjcg cmtrgkcsjcpncmgrcg f cmtfrkcsjcpncmgrcg. Ng cmkgdgjcúm slirf jlmjfptls jngvf pufkf ogjcnctgr fn fstginfjcacfmtl kf jlmfxclmfs fmtrf2 •

Kcstcmtls Kcstcmtls jursls jursls kfn drupl kf gscdmg gscdmgturgs turgs kf Agtfaçt Agtfaçtcjgs cjgs (gprfmkczg (gprfmkczgbf bf cmtrgkcsjc cmtrgkcsjcpncmgr pncmgrcl) cl)

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Kcs Kcstcm tcmtls tls drupls drupls kf gscd gscdmgt mgturg urgss (g (gprf prfmkc mkczgb zgbff cmtfr cmtfrkcs kcsjcp jcpncm ncmgrc grcl) l)

Ng tging 7 fmuafrg nls jlmjfptls jngvf quf sf fxpnlrgm fm fn XGC. Nls jlmjfptls jngvf fstukcgkls fm olrag,  núdcjg núdcjg y Agtfaçtcjgs slm2 olrag,  y rfngjclmfs. [ging 7

Jlmjfptls jngvf kfn XGC 

75

Jgaicl

Jlaumcjgjcúm

Jlaumckgkfs

Jlmfxclmfs

Jrfgtcvckgk

Junturg

Kfsgrrlnnl

Fstãtcjg

Olrag

Ckfmtckgk

Cmtfrgjjclmfs dnlignfs

Núdcjg

Xfrspfjtcvg

Yfngjclmfs

Zcstfags

[cfapl, nudgr y fspgjcl

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Fstls jlmjfptls jngvf pufkfm sfrvcr pgrg lrdgmczgr ngs umckgkfs kf trgigbl, gsá jlal ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf.

Olrag olrag fs Ng olrag  fs ng jlmocdurgjcúm y ng fstrujturg suiygjfmtf kf umg fmtckgk u lirg, f cmjnuyf su lrdgmczgjcúm, jgrgjtfrástcjgs fsfmjcgnfs y gspfjtl fxtfrml. Fm Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC, fstf jlmjfptl sf rfocfrf g ng jlaprfmscúm kf quf ng fstrujturg suiygjfmtf y ng jlmocdurgjcúm kf umg fmtckgk sf kcstcmdufm plr sus prlpcfkgkfs. Ng olrag lorfjf g nls gnuamls lplrtumckgkfs kf gprfjcgr ng mgturgnfzg fstãtcjg kf nls jlmstrujtls utcnczgkls fm umg kcsjcpncmg.

Núdcjg núdcjg fs Ng núdcjg  fs um aãtlkl kf rgzlmgacfmtl y um scstfag kf prcmjcpcls utcnczgkls pgrg fngilrgr grduafmtls y fxtrgfr jlmjnusclmfs. Fm Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC, sf usg jlal um prljfsl pgrg tlagr kfjcsclmfs slirf mòafrls, olrags y vgrcginfs. Fstf scstfag kf rgzlmgacfmtl ircmkg g nls gnuamls um aãtlkl pgrg fxpncjgr ng vgnckfz kf sus jlmjnusclmfs. Fm fn XGC, ml kfif jlmoumkcrsf fstf jlmjfptl jlm fn çrfg kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs quf sf kfmlacmg „núdcjg scaiúncjg‑.

Yfngjclmfs Ngs rfngjclmfs rfngjclmfs slm  slm ngs jlmfxclmfs y gsljcgjclmfs fmtrf ngs prlpcfkgkfs, nls libftls, ngs pfrslmgs y ngs ckfgs, cmjnuckgs ngs jlmfxclmfs kf ng jlaumckgk euagmg jlm fn aumkl fm quf vcvcals. [lkl jgaicl fm umg rfngjcúm gjgrrfg jlmsfjufmjcgs, gndumgs kf ngs jugnfs pufkfm sfr kf gnjgmjf rfkujckl, acfmtrgs quf ltrgs pufkfm tfmfr um gnjgmjf aujel agylr, nnfdgmkl g gofjtgr g drgmkfs rfkfs y scstfags, jlal ngs sljcfkgkfs euagmgs l fn fjlscstfag pngmftgrcl. Fm Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC, fstf jlmjfptl sf rfocfrf g ngs jlmfxclmfs fxcstfmtfs fmtrf jgmtckgkfs, prlpcfkgkfs l jlmjfptls0 kcjegs jlmfxclmfs pufkfm fxprfsgrsf fm olrag kf alkfnls, rfdngs l fmumjcgkls. Ngs rfngjclmfs lorfjfm g nls gnuamls lplrtumckgkfs kf fxpnlrgr pgtrlmfs fm fn aumkl quf nls rlkfg. Fs caplrtgmtf quf nls gnuamls fstginfzjgm jlmfxclmfs jlm ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm fn aumkl rfgn pgrg nldrgr umg jlaprfmscúm açs prloumkg. Ltrls jlmjfptls jngvf tgaicãm pufkfm sfr caplrtgmtfs fm Agtfaçtcjgs, y sf prfsfmtgm fm ng sfjjcúm „Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs‑ kf Agtfaçtcjgs‑ kf fstg duág.

Jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls Nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls ogvlrfjfm ng prloumkckgk kfn gprfmkczgbf. Zlm kcsjcpncmgrcls y rfsuntgm òtcnfs pgrg fxpnlrgr nls jlmjfptls jngvf jlm açs kftgnnf. Ng cmkgdgjcúm slirf nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls gyukg g nls gnuamls g nldrgr umg jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn açs jlapnfbg y slocstcjgkg. Nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls pufkfm surdcr kfn tfag kf umg umckgk, l kf ngs jgrgjtfrástcjgs y nls prljfsls prlpcls kf ng gscdmgturg. Ng tging 9 fmuafrg jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls pgrg fn fstukcl kf Agtfaçtcjgs. Nls prlofslrfs ml tcfmfm plr quã ncactgrsf g nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls quf sf cmjnuyfm fm fstg tging y pufkfm fnfdcr ltrls gn pngmcocjgr ngs umckgkfs, cmjnusl kf kcstcmtls drupls kf gscdmgturgs. [ging 9

Jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Gprlxcagjcúm

Jgaicl

Jgmtckgk

Fqucvgnfmjcg

Fspgjcl

Dfmfrgnczgjcúm

Alkfnls

Xgtrlmfs

Yfprfsfmtgjcúm

Zcapncocjgjcúm

Zcstfags

_gnckfz

Nls gpãmkcjfs kf ng duág cmjnuyfm um dnlsgrcl kf fstls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

73

 

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

Jlmtfxtls dnlignfs pgrg ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf Nls jlmtfxtls dnlignfs lrcfmtgm fn gprfmkczgbf egjcg ng cmkgdgjcúm cmkfpfmkcfmtf y jlapgrtckg slirf ng jlmkcjcúm quf mls umf jlal sfrfs euagmls y ng rfsplmsgicnckgk quf jlapgrtcals kf vfngr plr fn pngmftg. [lagmkl fn aumkl jlal fn jlmtfxtl açs gapncl pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf, fm Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC pufkfm tfmfr nudgr fxpnlrgjclmfs scdmcocjgtcvgs kf2 •

Ngs Ngs ckf ckfmt mtck ckgk gkfs fs y ngs ngs rfng fngjclmf clmfss

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Ng lrcf lrcfmt mtgj gjcú cúm m ffm m ffnn fsp fspgj gjcl cl y fn fn tcf tcfap apl l

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Ng fx fxpr prfs fscú cúm m pfr pfrsslm lmggn y jun junttur urggn

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Ng cm cmml mlvg vgjc jcúm úm jc jcfm fmtá táoc ocjg jg y tãjm tãjmcj cjgg

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Ng dnli dnlign gncz czgj gjcú cúm m y ng ng ssus ustf tfmt mtgi gicn cnck ckgk gk

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Ng ffq quckgk y fn k kffsgrrlnnl

Nls prlofslrfs kfifm ckfmtcocjgr um jlmtfxtl dnlign pgrg ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf, l kfsgrrlnngr ltrls jlmtfxtls quf gyukfm g nls gnuamls g jlaprfmkfr plr quã ng cmkgdgjcúm fs caplrtgmtf. Aujegs cmkgdgjclmfs slirf nls jlmjfptls kf Agtfaçtcjgs sf jfmtrgm mgturgnafmtf fm ng cmmlvgjcúm jcfmtáocjg y tãjmcjg. Ml listgmtf, jlm fn tcfapl, nls jursls kf fstf drupl kf gscdmgturgs kfifm ircmkgr g nls gnuamls kcvfrsgs lplrtumckgkfs kf fxpnlrgr tlkls nls jlmtfxtls dnlignfs kfn XGC fm rfngjcúm jlm nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs y fspfjáocjls. Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

Fmumjcgkls kf ng cmkgdgjcúm Nls fmumjcgkls kf ng cmkgdgjcúm prfsfmtgm ng jlaprfmscúm jlmjfptugn fm um jlmtfxtl dnlign jlm fn libftl kf fmagrjgr ng cmkgdgjcúm y lrcfmtgr fn gprfmkczgbf egjcg um ocm kftfracmgkl. Ng tging : aufstrg gndumls fbfapnls kf fmumjcgkls kf ng cmkgdgjcúm pgrg ngs umckgkfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC. [ging :

Fbfapnls kf fmumjcgkls kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Fmumj mjccgkl kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Jlmjfptl jngvf

Xlscinf prlyfjtl/fstukcl

Jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls Jlmtfxtl dnlign Fn usl rfsplmsginf kf nls rfjursls ocmctls sufnf cmonucr fm fn kcsf÷l kf ngs fstrujturgs.

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Olrag

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Fspgjcl

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Jgmtckgk

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Fquckgk y kfsgrrlnnl

• Ng núdcjg fs umg efrrgacfmtg plkfrlsg pgrg fvgnugr ng vgnckfz kf •

Núdcjg

nl quf kfsjuircals afkcgmtf ng afkcjcúm y ng lisfrvgjcúm.

Lrcfm rcfmtg tgjjcúm cúm fm fm fn fn ffsspgj pgjcl y ffnn tcfapl

98

•

_gnckfz

Dflaftrág y trcdlmlaftrág2 vlnuafm

Dflaftrág y trcdlmlaftrág2 rfjtgs pgrgnfngs y trgmsvfrsgnfs

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Fmumj mjccgkl kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Jlmjfptl jngvf

Xlscinf prlyfjtl/fstukcl

Jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls Jlmtfxtl dnlign Zf pufkf afblrgr fn prljfsl kf • tlag kf kfjcsclmfs fapnfgmkl um • alkfnl pgrg rfprfsfmtgr ngs • rfngjclmfs. •

Yfngjclmfs

Ng jlaprfmscúm kf nls pgtrlmfs fm • ngs olrags y fn fspgjcl pufkf • pltfmjcgr ng jrfgtcvckgk. •

Olrag

• Ng fngilrgjcúm kf alkfnls • fapnfgmkl um prljfsl núdcjl quf • jlmscstf fm scapncocjgr pgtrlmfs mls • gyukg g jlaprfmkfr fn aumkl. • •

Çndfirg2 oumjclmfs jugkrçtcjgs

Alkfnls Yfprfsfmtgjcúm Ckfmtckgkfs y rfngjclmfs Dflaftrág y trcdlmlaftrág2 trgmsolragjclmfs

Xgtrlmfs Fspgjcl Fxprfs prfsccúm pfrs pfrslm lmggn y junt untur urggn Núdcjg

Çndfirg2 alvcacfmtl kf prlyfjtcnfs

Xgtrlmfs Zcapncocjgjcúm Alkfnls Cmml Cmmlvg vgjjcúm cúm jcf jcfmt mtáo áocj cjgg y tãj tãjm mcjg cjg

Ngs rfngjclmfs y nls jgaicls quf ngs •

Yfngjclmfs

Mòafrls y lpfrgjclmfs2

gofjtgm pufkfm gyukgrmls g fmtfmkfr fn capgjtl kf nls sfrfs euagmls fm nls scstfags gaicfmtgnfs.

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Zcstfags

pltfmjcgs y nldgrctals

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Jgaicl

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Dnlignczgjcúm y sustfmtgicnckgk

Jugmkl nls pgtrlmfs prfsfmtfs fm fn aumkl mgturgn sf kfsjrcifm jlal rfngjclmfs surdfm, jlm orfjufmjcg, prcmjcpcls y kfsjuircacfmtls.

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Yfngjclmfs

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Xgtrlmfs

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Cmml Cmmlvg vgjjcúm cúm jcf jcfmt mtáo áocj cjgg y tãj tãjm mcjg cjg

Fstgkástcjg y prligicnckgk2 rfjtg kf gbustf úptcal

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

Xrfdumtgs kf cmkgdgjcúm Nls fmumjcgkls kf ng cmkgdgjcúm gyukgm g nls prlofslrfs y nls gnuamls g ckfmtcocjgr prfdumtgs kf cmkgdgjcúm oçjtcjgs, jlmjfptugnfs y kfigtcinfs. Ngs prfdumtgs kf cmkgdgjcúm lrcfmtgm ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf, y gyukgm g lrdgmczgr y sfjufmjcgr ngs fxpfrcfmjcgs kf gprfmkczgbf. Ng tging ; aufstrg gndumgs prfdumtgs kf cmkgdgjcúm plscinfs pgrg ngs umckgkfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC. [ging ;

Fbfapnls kf prfdumtgs oçjtcjgs, jlmjfptugnfs y kfigtcinfs

Xrfdumtgs oçjtcjgs2 Yfjlrkgr kgtls y tfags

Xrfdumtgs jlmjfptugnfs2 Gmgnczgr ckfgs caplrtgmtfs

Xrfdumtgs kfigtcinfs2 Fvgnugr pfrspfjtcvgs y kfsgrrlnngr tflrágs

•

•

¼Wuã ssccdmcocjg ttffmfr um umg „slnujcúm‑ kf umg fjugjcúm<

•

•

¼Xlr qu quã p pu ufkf ssffr òt òtcn nngg gprlxcagjcúm<

¼J ¼Juç uçnn ffss nngg rrfn fngj gjcú cúm m fmt fmtrf rf ng ngss pfmkcfmtfs kf kls rfjtgs pfrpfmkcjungrfs<

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

¼Wu ¼Wuã ffss açs açs mg mgttur urggn2 fn lrk rkfm fm l fn jgls<

97

 

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

Xrfdumtgs oçjtcjgs2 Yfjlrkgr kgtls y tfags

Xrfdumtgs jlmjfptugnfs2 Gmgnczgr ckfgs caplrtgmtfs

Xrfdumtgs kfigtcinfs2 Fvgnugr pfrspfjtcvgs y kfsgrrlnngr tflrágs

•

¼W ¼Wuã uã kcof kcofrf rfmj mjcg cg eg egyy fmtr fmtrff fn fn vlnuafm kf um jufrpl y su çrfg<

•

•

¼[lkls nls sujfsls kfn umcvfrsl fstçm subftls g ng prligicnckgk<

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¼Wuã kf kftfracmg qu quf kl kls sujfsls sfgm l ml cmkfpfmkcfmtfs<

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¼Júal fs kf drgmkf fn cmocmctl<

¼Júal pl plkrágals jr jrfgr um um agpg kf ng rfk mfurgn kfn jfrfirl euagml<

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

Fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf [lkgs ngs umckgkfs kf trgigbl kfn XGC lorfjfm g nls gnuamls lplrtumckgkfs kf kfsgrrlnngr y prgjtcjgr ngs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf. Fstgs egicnckgkfs nfs slm kf drgm gyukg pgrg nldrgr nls libftcvls dfmfrgnfs y fspfjáocjls kfn drupl kf gscdmgturgs. Ngs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf sf jngscocjgm fm jcmjl jgtfdlrágs quf slm jlaumfs g tlkls nls prldrgags kf fkujgjcúm cmtfrmgjclmgn kfn CI. Kfmtrl kf jgkg jgtfdlrág, nls prldrgags kfn CI ckfmtcocjgm egicnckgkfs jlmjrftgs quf pufkfm prfsfmtgrsf, prgjtcjgrsf y jlmslnckgrsf kfmtrl y oufrg kfn gung. Ngs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf slm pfrtcmfmtfs g tlkls nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs kfn XGC0 scm faigrdl, nls prlofslrfs tgaicãm pufkfm fmjlmtrgr cmkcjgklrfs kf fstgs egicnckgkfs quf sfgm fxjnuscvls l pgrtcjungrafmtf pfrtcmfmtfs pgrg um jursl l drupl kf gscdmgturgs jlmjrftl. Ng tging 6 sudcfrf gndumls kf nls cmkcjgklrfs quf pufkfm sfr caplrtgmtfs fm Agtfaçtcjgs. [ging 6

Fbfapnls kf cmkcjgklrfs kf egicnckgkfs fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Jgtfdlrág

Cmkcjgklr kf egicnckgk

Egicnckgkfs kf pfmsgacfmtl

[fmfr fm jufmtg ng prclrckgk y fn lrkfm kf prfjfkfmjcg gn rfslnvfr prlinfags

Eg Egic icncnckg kgkf kfss sslj ljcg cgnf nfss

Gyuk Gyukgr gr g nls nls kfaç kfaçss g litf litfmf mfrr i iuf ufml mlss rrfs fsun untg tgkl klss kur kurgm gmtf tf fn ttrg rgig igbl bl fm drup drupl l

Egicnckgkfs kf jlaumcjgjcúm

Lrdgmczgr f cmtfrprftgr kgtls utcnczgmkl efrrgacfmtgs tgmtl gmgnúdcjgs jlal kcdctgnfs

Egicnckgkfs kf gutldfstcúm Fbfrjctgr ng jgpgjckgk kf gtfmjcúm y jlmjfmtrgjcúm jlmjfmtrgjcúm gn rfslnvfr aòntcpnfs prlinfags Egicnckgkfs kf cmvfstcdgjcúm

Vsgr umg vgrcfkgk kf tfjmlnldágs y pngtgolrags afkcçtcjgs, cmjnuckgs ngs rfkfs sljcgnfs f Cmtfrmft, pgrg fxtrgfr cmolragjcúm

Zc sf kcsf÷gm icfm, ngs gjtcvckgkfs kf gprfmkczgbf y ngs fvgnugjclmfs ircmkgm g nls gnuamls lplrtumckgkfs vgnclsgs pgrg prgjtcjgr y kfalstrgr ngs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf. Ngs umckgkfs kfn XGC cmkcjgm fxpnájctgafmtf ngs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf fm ngs quf pufkfm jfmtrgrsf ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf, y afkcgmtf ngs jugnfs nls gnuamls pufkfm kfalstrgr nl quf slm jgpgjfs kf egjfr. Ngs fvgnugjclmfs olragtcvgs lorfjfm cmolragjcúm caplrtgmtf pgrg fn kfsgrrlnnl kf egicnckgkfs jlmjrftgs, y aujegs egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf gyukgm g nls gnuamls g kfalstrgr quf egm juapnckl nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kfn drupl kf gscdmgturgs fm ngs fvgnugjclmfs suagtcvgs. Ng tging ? fmuafrg gndumgs egicnckgkfs jlmjrftgs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf quf nls gnuamls pufkfm kfalstrgr afkcgmtf kfsfapf÷ls kf jlaprfmscúm fm Agtfaçtcjgs.

99

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fmsf÷gmzg y gprfmkczgbf g trgvãs kf ng cmkgdgjcúm

[ging ?

Fbfapnls kf ng kfalstrgjcúm kf egicnckgkfs kf nls fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf fm Agtfaçtcjgs

Fmolqufs kfn gprfmkczgbf Egicnckgkfs kf pfmsgacfmtl (pfmsgacfmtl jrátcjl)2 fxtrgfr jrátcjl)2  fxtrgfr jlmjnusclmfs y dfmfrgnczgjclmfs bustcocjgkgs jlal rfsuntgkl kf cmvfstcdgr pgtrlmfs Egicnckgkfs kf jlaumcjgjcúm (rfonfxcúm)2 utcnczgr (rfonfxcúm)2  utcnczgr um kcgrcl kf trgigbl kurgmtf ng cmvfstcdgjcúm pgrg nnfvgr um rfdcstrl kf ngs rfonfxclmfs Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

9:

 

Fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC jlaprfmkf jugtrl rgags kf fstukcl2 • Yg Ygzl zlmg mgac acfm fmtl tl muaã muaãrc rcjl jl y gi gist strg rgjt jtl l •

Ygz Ygzlm lmga gaccfmtl fmtl g tr trgv gvãs ãs kf alk alkfnl fnls

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Ygzlmgacfmtl fsp fspgjcgn

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Ygz Ygzlm lmga gaccfmtl fmtl g pgr pgrtc tcrr kf kf kgt kgtl ls

Nls jlnfdcls pufkfm usgr fstf agrjl jlal efrrgacfmtg pgrg fngilrgr sus agpgs jurrcjungrfs gn kcsf÷gr y pngmcocjgr nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs. Ml sf fspfrg quf nls jlnfdcls fmsf÷fm ngs jugtrl rgags fm jgkg g÷l kfn prldrgag, mc quf trgtfm tlkls nls tfags l egicnckgkfs sudfrckls. Ml listgmtf, g nl ngrdl kf nls jcmjl g÷ls (l ng kurgjcúm jlapnftg) kfn prldrgag, nls gnuamls kfifm tfmfr fxpfrcfmjcgs kf gprfmkczgbf fm ngs jugtrl rgags kfn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs. Nls tfags y egicnckgkfs slm fbfapnls fbfapnls kf  kf nl quf nls gnuamls pufkfm fstukcgr kfn prcafr gn tfrjfr g÷l kfn prldrgag, gsá jlal fm nls kls mcvfnfs ‛Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn dfmfrgn) y Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)‛ fm fn jugrtl y qucmtl g÷l. Fn agrjl tgaicãm sudcfrf tfags pgrg fmrcqufjfr y gapncgr fn gprfmkczgbf kf nls gnuamls0 fstls tfags slm lpjclmgnfs y ml olragrçm pgrtf kf ng fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg. Egirç jgsls fm nls quf umg egicnckgk quf ocdurf fm fn agrjl dfmfrgn jlal kf mcvfn gvgmzgkl  gvgmzgkl  l fmrcqufjcacfmtl fmrcqufjcacfmtl   pufkg gilrkgrsf fm um jursl kf mcvfn dfmfrgn. Jlrrfsplmkf g nls jlnfdcls kfocmcr ng kcstcmjcúm fmtrf nls jursls kf mcvfn dfmfrgn y mcvfn gvgmzgkl, y kftfracmgr juçmkl rfsuntg gprlpcgkl cmjnucr tfags y egicnckgkfs kf fmrcqufjcacfmtl fm ngs umckgkfs kf cmkgdgjcúm.

Jlmljcacfmtls prfvcls rfjlafmkgkls Fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC sf igsg fm ng fxpfjtgtcvg kf quf nls gnuamls kfn prcafr g÷l kf XGC jufmtgm jlm gn afmls jcmjl g÷ls kf fxpfrcfmjcg prfvcg fm agtfaçtcjgs y fstçm ogacncgrczgkls jlm nls scducfmtfs tfags y egicnckgkfs. Xlr jlmscducfmtf, nls prlofslrfs kfifrçm gsfdurgrsf kf quf jugnqucfr egicnckgk kf ng scducfmtf ncstg quf sus gnuamls ml klacmfm gn prcmjcpcl kfn jursl sf fmsf÷f fm ngs prcafrgs ftgpgs kf fstf. Nls prlofslrfs tgaicãm kfifrçm tfmfr fm jufmtg nls jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls quf sus gnuamls yg plsffm g ng elrg kf kcsf÷gr um prldrgag kf fstukcls kf Agtfaçtcjgs gkfjugkl. G ocm kf trgigbgr fm pls kf nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC y kfsgrrlnngr ngs egicnckgkfs quf sf cmkcjgm fm fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf fstf drupl kf gscdmgturgs, nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf2 •

Vsgr fn scstfag scstfag kf muafrgj muafrgjcúm cúm kf ig igsf sf 78 pgrg rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgrr ng agdmctuk agdmctuk kf jjgmtck gmtckgkfs gkfs auy drgmkf drgmkfss y auy pfquf÷gs

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Vsgr ngs prlpcfkgkf prlpcfkgkfss gsljcg gsljcgtcvg tcvg y jlmautg jlmautgtcvg tcvg pgrg prfsfmtgr prfsfmtgr jgmtckgkfs jgmtckgkfs y fxprfscl fxprfsclmfs mfs kf kf kcvfrsgs kcvfrsgs olrags fqucvgnfmtfs

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Vsgr ngs rfngjclmfs rfngjclmfs fmtrf ngs lpfrgj lpfrgjclmfs clmfs kf ssuag, uag, rfstg, rfstg, auntcpnc auntcpncjgjc jgjcúm úm y kcvcscúm kcvcscúm pgrg pgrg prlj prljfsgr fsgr ng cmolragjcúm g ocm kf rfslnvfr prlinfags

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Vsgr Vsgr orgjj orgjjclm clmfs fs y kf kfjca jcagnf gnfss pgrg pgrg rfp rfprfs rfsfmt fmtgr gr ngs ngs rfngjc rfngjclmf lmfss fmtrf fmtrf fn tlkl tlkl y ngs ngs pgrtf pgrtfss

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Fbfapncocj Fbfapncocjgr gr lpfrgj lpfrgjclmfs clmfs jlap jlapnfbgs nfbgs kf umg umg vvgrcfk grcfkgk gk kf kf ol olrags rags (plr fbfapnl, fbfapnl, jlm gndlrctals gndlrctals l kcgdrgags kf onubl)

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Gm Gmgn gncz czgr gr f cckf kfmt mtco cocj cjgr gr ng ngss rfd rfdng ngss kf kf nl nlss p pgt gtrl rlmf mfss

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Vsgr Vsgr ooumj umjclm clmfs fs l rfdngs rfdngs pgr pgrgg ggapn apncgr cgr y kfsj kfsjrci rcicr cr pgtrlm pgtrlmfs fs

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Gpncjgr Gpncjgr kcvfrs kcvfrsls ls prlj prljfkcacf fkcacfmtls mtls pgrg afkcr kcofrfmtfs kcofrfmtfs gtrciutls gtrciutls kf nls nls libftls libftls y nls nls e efjels fjels

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Kfsjrcicr Kfsjrcicr ng ng fxg fxgjtctu jtctuk k kf ngs ngs afk afkckgs, ckgs, egjcfmkl egjcfmkl rfofrf rfofrfmjcg mjcg g ng sctugj sctugjcúm cúm y ng prfjcsc prfjcscúm úm kf kfnn cmstruafm cmstruafmtl tl utcnczgkl

9;

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

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Jlmvfrtcr Jlmvfrtcr umckgkfs umckgkfs y afk afkckgs ckgs pgrg kfsjrcicr kfsjrcicr fn aumkl aumkl fm fm quf quf vcvcals vcvcals kf agmfrg agmfrg quf tfmdg sfmtckl sfmtckl

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[rgmso [rgmsolra lragr gr ocd ocdurg urgss plr plr rltgjc rltgjcúm, úm, sca scaftr ftrág ág y trgs trgsngj ngjcúm cúm

•

Vsgr vljgiungr vljgiungrcl cl fspfjáo fspfjáocjl cjl kf kf dfl dflaftrág aftrág pgrg alstrgr alstrgr qu quff jgaicgr jgaicgr ng plscjcúm plscjcúm kf umg ocdurg ocdurg ml gntfrg sus prlpcfkgkfs

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Vsgr ngs ocdur ocdurgs gs df dflaãtr laãtrcjgs cjgs y fn vljgi vljgiungrc ungrcl l fspfjáoc fspfjáocjl jl pgrg pgrg rfprfsf rfprfsfmtgr mtgr y kfsjrcicr kfsjrcicr libftls libftls y efjels efjels fm sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn

• •

Yfjlpc Yfjlpcngr ngr,, lrdgm lrdgmczg czgr, r, prfsf prfsfmtg mtgrr f cm cmtfr tfrprf prftgr tgr kgtl kgtlss kf k kcof cofrfm rfmtfs tfs agmf agmfrgs rgs Vsgr kcofrfmtfs kcofrfmtfs tcpls kf d drçocj rçocjls ls pgrg pgrg kfstg kfstgjgr jgr gspfjtls gspfjtls kcofrfmtfs kcofrfmtfs fm rfngjc rfngjcúm úm jjlm lm nls nls kgtls kgtls

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Fx Fxpr prfs fsgr gr ng prl prlig igic icncnckg kgk k afkcg afkcgmt mtff mltgj mltgjcl clmf mfss muaãr muaãrcj cjgs gs

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Vsgr Vsgr kgtls kgtls pgrg pgrg kfsjr kfsjrcic cicrr ng prligi prligicnc cnckgk kgk kf ssujf ujfsls sls kf nngg vc vckg kg k kcgr cgrcg cg

Ygzlmgacfmtl muaãrcjl y gistrgjtl Ng jgpgjckgk kf trgigbgr jlm mòafrls fs umg egicnckgk oumkgafmtgn fm agtfaçtcjgs. Zf fspfrg quf nls gnuamls jlaprfmkgm nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls jlm nls mòafrls y kfsgrrlnnfm egicnckgkfs kf jçnjunl y gprlxcagjcúm. Fn çndfirg utcnczg nftrgs y sáailnls pgrg rfprfsfmtgr mòafrls, jgmtckgkfs y lpfrgjclmfs, y fapnfg vgrcginfs pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags agtfaçtcjls. Fs umg gistrgjjcúm kf nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls jlm nls mòafrls y fs oumkgafmtgn pgrg rfgnczgr fstukcls plstfrclrfs kf agtfaçtcjgs. Nls gnuamls kfifm jlaprfmkfr quf fn usl kf mòafrls y sáailnls pgrg fxprfsgr pgtrlmfs y kfsjrcicr sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn sf rfalmtg g nls lrádfmfs kf ng euagmckgk, y quf ngs agtfaçtcjgs tcfmfm rgájfs auntcjunturgnfs.

_ámjunls jlm jlmjfptls kfn XGC Nls jlmjfptls jngvf kf ltrgs gscdmgturgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl muaãrcjl y gistrgjtl cmjnuyfm2 jgaicl jgaicl   (rgzlmfs, igsfs), jlaumcjgjcúm jlaumcjgjcúm   (rfjtgs muaãrcjgs, umckgkfs kf jlmfxclmfs (igsfs, kfsgrrlnnl (sujfsclmfs afkckg), jlmfxclmfs  (igsfs, sujfsclmfs muaãrcjgs, kcgdrgags kf _fmm), kfsgrrlnnl  (sujfsclmfs muaãrcjgs, mòafrls prcals), ckfmtckgk ckfmtckgk   (jlmbumtls, ogjtlrfs) y scstfags scstfags   (jlmbumtls, scstfags muaãrcjls). Nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm fstg rgag cmjnuyfm2 gprlxcagjcúm, jgmtckgk, fqucvgnfmjcg, dfmfrgnczgjcúm, scapncocjgjcúm, scstfags y scstfags y vgnckfz.

[fags y egicnckgkfs Nls tfags y ngs egicnckgkfs cmjnuckls fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl muaãrcjl y gistrgjtl gyukgrçm g nls gnuamls g kfsgrrlnngr umg jlaprfmscúm kf nl scducfmtf2 •

Mlj ljcú cúm m kf kf mò mòafrl afrl y l lpf pfrg rgjjclmf clmfss

• •

Jlmaut Jlmautgtc gtcvck vckgk, gk, gsljcg gsljcgtcv tcvckg ckgk k y kcstrc kcstrciuj iujcúm cúm kf nngs gs l lpfr pfrgjc gjclmf lmfss Fstcagjcúm y gp gprlxcagjcúm

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Afkcjcúm y umckgkfs

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Nu Nudg dgrf rfss kfjc kfjcag agnfs nfs y jc jcor orgs gs scdm scdmco cocj cjgt gtcv cvgs gs

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Fq Fquc ucvg vgnf nfmj mjcg cg kf kf mòaf mòafrl rlss y rfpr rfprfs fsfm fmtg tgjc jcúm úm

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Ygzlmg Ygzlmgacf acfmtl mtl prl prlplr plrjcl jclmgn mgn utcncz utcnczgmk gmkl l rgzlmf rgzlmfss y plrjfm plrjfmtgb tgbfs fs

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Yfngjc Yfngjclmf lmfss prlplr prlplrjcl jclmgn mgnfs fs quf quf jlmkuj jlmkujfm fm g fjugjc fjugjclmf lmfss ncmfgnf ncmfgnfss y g ng alkfnc alkfnczgj zgjcúm cúm

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Júal Júal nngs gs rgzlmf rgzlmfss rfng rfngjcl jclmgm mgm jgmtck jgmtckgkf gkfss quf quf vgr vgrágm ágm g ng ng vfz vfz

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Kcof Kcofrf rfmj mjcg cg fmt fmtrf rf rfs rfsln lnvf vfrr y sgt sgtcs csog ogjf jfrr umg umg fjug fjugjc jcúm úm

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Fxprfsclmfs fqu fqucvgnfmtfs

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Gp Gpncncjg jgjc jcúm úm y nca ncact ctgj gjcl clmf mfss kf ng ng pr prfj fjcs cscú cúm m

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Kc Kcmf mfrl rl y gno gnogi gift ftcz czgj gjcú cúm m ocm ocmgm gmjc jcfr frgg

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Gprfjcgjcúm kf frrlrfs

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

96

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

7.fr-:.fr g  g÷ ÷l kfn XGC

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (m (mcvfn dfmfrgn)

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)

Mòafrls y lpfrgjclmfs •

Olrags k kff rf rfprfsfmtgjcúm • kf nls mòafrls (orgjjclmfs, • kfjcagnfs y plrjfmtgbfs) y jlmvfrscúm fmtrf umgs y ltrgs

_gnlrfs gislnutls

Yfprf fprfsf sfmt mtgj gjcú cúm m y rfs rfsln lnu ujcúm jcúm kf cmfjugjclmfs, cmjnuckgs ngs cmfjugjclmfs jlapufstgs y klinfs •

•

Ogjtlrfs k kff nnl ls mò mòafrls

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Mòafrls crcrrgjclmgnfs

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Mòafrls fmtfrls

•

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Lpfrgjclmfs jlm mòafrls

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Mòafrls pr prcals y og ogjtlrfs prcals

Mòaf Mòafrl rlss crrg crrgjc jclm lmgn gnfs fs,, rg rgáj ájfs fs y rgkcjgnfs, cmjnuckg su scapncocjgjcúm

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Açxcal jlaòm aòm kcvcslr y aámcal jlaòm aòntcpnl

Olrag fs fstçmkgr (m (mltgjcúm jcfmtáocjg)

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Xrlpc rlpcfk fkgk gkfs fs kf ng ngs pl pltf tfmj mjcg cgs, s, cmjnuckgs gqufnngs jlm fxplmfmtfs fmtfrls y mfdgtcvls

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Mltgjcúm kf kf nl nls ssccstfags muaãrcjls Xrlpl rlplrrjcúm cúm kcr kcrfj fjtg tg f ccmv mvfr frsg sg

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Mòafrls kf kfjcagnfs pfrcúkcjls

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Yfjtgs muaãrcjgs f cmfjugjclmfs scapnfs

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Ygzlmfs

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Xltfmjcgs y fxplmfmtfs

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Jugkrgkls y rgájfs jugkrgkgs

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Rlmgs e el lrgrcgs, rrffnlbfs y elrgrcls

• •

•

Xrlpcfkgkfs kf nnggs pltfmjcgs, cmjnuckgs gqufnngs jlm fxplmfmtfs orgjjclmgrcls/rgjclmgnfs Nl Nld dgr grct ctal alss, cm cmjjnuck nuckgs gs ngs ngs prlpcfkgkfs kf nls nldgrctals y fn usl kf ng tfjmlnldág pgrg egnngr vgnlrfs

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Náactf supfrclr y náactf cmofrclr

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Xr Xrld ldrf rfsscl clmf mfss gr grct ctaã aãtc tcjjgs y dflaãtrcjgs

Zujfsclmfs muaãrcjgs (prfkcjjcúm, kfsjrcpjcúm)

Çndfirg •

Lpfrgjclmfs jjl lm fxprfsclmfs gndfirgcjgs

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Og Ogjt jtl lrczg rczgjjcúm cúm kf kf fx fxpr prfs fscl clmf mfss jugkrçtcjgs

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Xngmtfgacfmtl kf fjugjclmfs

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Yfslnujcúm kf kf fj fjugjclmfs jugkrçtcjgs

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[r [rgs gspl plsc scjjcúm cúm y rf rfsl slnu nujjcúm cúm kf kf • fjugjclmfs scapnfs

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Zustctujcúm kf kf vg vgnlrfs fm fm umg fxprfscúm

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Kf Kfsg sgrr rrln lnnl nl (fx fxp pgm gmsc scúm úm)) kf pgrãmtfscs

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Ogjtlrczgjcúm kf fxprfsclmfs gndfirgcjgs

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Vsl kf oúraungs

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Kcgdrgags kf onubl y gndlrctals sfmjcnnls

Jgaicl kf kf vvggrcginf kfpfmkcfmtf fm umg fjugjcúm

Fmrcqufjcacfmtl Mòafrls y lpfrgjclmfs • •

Fjugjclmfs fxp fxplmfmjcgnfs Yg Ygjc jclm lmgn gncz czgj gjcú cúm m kf kfnn kf kfml mlac acmg mgkl klrr

•

Igsfs

9?

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

7.fr-:.fr g  g÷ ÷l kfn XGC

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn dfmfrgn)

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)

Çndfirg •

Zfrc Zfrcfs fs grc grcta taãt ãtcj cjgs gs y dfl dflaã aãtr trcj cjgs gs y sua suagg kf sus sus tãr tãrac acml mlss

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Mltgjcúm kf kf ssu uagtlrcg

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Jl Jlmv mvfr frd dfmj fmjcg y kcvf kcvfrd rdfm fmjjcg

Ygzlmgacfmtl g trgvãs kf alkfnls Nls alkfnls slm rfprfsfmtgjclmfs kf sujfsls kf ng vckg rfgn0 fm kcjels alkfnls sf fapnfgm fxprfsclmfs, fjugjclmfs l drçocjls, acfmtrgs quf umg oumjcúm sf kfocmf jlal umg rfngjcúm l fxprfscúm klmkf cmtfrvcfmfm umg l açs vgrcginfs. Fn jrfgr kcstcmtgs rfprfsfmtgjclmfs kf umg oumjcúm pgrg alkfnczgr ng rfngjcúm quf fxcstf fmtrf ngs vgrcginfs ‛vcsugnafmtf y tgaicãm afkcgmtf sáailnls tgnfs jlal drçocjls, fjugjclmfs y tgings‛ rfprfsfmtg kcofrfmtfs agmfrgs kf trgmsactcr ckfgs agtfaçtcjgs. Xgrg plkfr usgr y kfsgrrlnngr alkfnls agtfaçtcjls, nls gnuamls mfjfsctgrçm jlmljfr jlmjfptls, tfags y egicnckgkfs gndfirgcjls. Nls prlofslrfs kfifm gyukgr g nls gnuamls g fmtfmkfr nls alkfnls afkcgmtf ng gpncjgjcúm kf jlmljcacfmtls y egicnckgkfs gndfirgcjls g ng rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags fm sctugjclmfs kf ng vckg rfgn.

_ámjunls jlm jlmjfptls kfn XGC Nls jlmjfptls jngvf kf ltrgs gscdmgturgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl g trgvãs kf alkfnls cmjnuyfm2 alkfnls cmjnuyfm2 jgaicl jgaicl (fxprfsclmfs  (fxprfsclmfs gndfirgcjgs, trgmsolragjclmfs), jlmfxclmfs jlmfxclmfs (pgtrlmfs  (pgtrlmfs y sujfsclmfs, oumjclmfs y drçocjls), fstãtcjg fstãtcjg (pgtrlmfs  (pgtrlmfs y sujfsclmfs, drçocjls), scstfags scstfags (oumjclmfs,  (oumjclmfs, sfrcfs) y tcfapl, nudgr y fspgjcl (oumjclmfs, fspgjcl (oumjclmfs, fjugjclmfs). Nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm fstg rgag cmjnuyfm2 jgaicl, jgmtckgk, fqucvgnfmjcg, pgtrlmfs, rfprfsfmtgjcúm, scapncocjgjcúm y scapncocjgjcúm  y scstfags.

[fags y egicnckgkfs Nls tfags y ngs egicnckgkfs cmjnuckls fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl g trgvãs kf alkfnls gyukgrçm g nls gnuamls g kfsgrrlnngr umg jlaprfmscúm kf nl scducfmtf2 •

Yf Yfpr prfs fsfm fmtg tgjc jcúm úm y olr olrag ag kf oumj oumjcl clmf mfss

•

Xfmsgacfmtl ggnndlrátacjl

•

[r [rgm gmso sol lra raggjclm jclmfs fs kf oumj oumjcclm lmfs fs

•

Alkfnczgjcúm k kff ou oumjclmfs

•

Gp Gpncncjg jgjc jclm lmfs fs y ncncac actg tgjc jclm lmfs fs kf nls nls al alkf kfnl nlss  g÷l l kfn kfn XGC XGC ;.² ;.²-6. -6.²² g÷l g÷l kfn kfn XGC XGC (mcv (mcvfn fn dfmf dfmfrgn rgn)) 7.fr-:.fr g÷

;.²-6. ;.² -6.²² g÷l g÷l kfn kfn XGC (mc (mcvfn vfn gvg gvgmzg mzgkl) kl)

Fstg rgag ml sf jlmsckfrg gprlpcgkg pgrg ng fkgk kf nls gnuamls.

•

Gpnc Gpncjjgj gjcl clmf mfss ffmt mtrf rf jlm lmbbum umttls

•

•

Mltgjcúm fapnfgkg fm oumjclmfs

Yfpr Yfprfs fsfm fmtg tgjc jcúm úm y oolr lrag ag kf oumj oumjcl clmf mfss açs jlapnfbgs

•

[r [rgm gmso solr lrag agjc jcúm úm kf ou oumj mjcl clmf mfss jugk jugkrç rçtc tcjg jgss

Oumjclmfs ncncmfgnfs

•

Oumjclmfs rrggjclmgnfs

•

Yfpr Yfprfs fsfm fmtg tgjc jcúm úm dr drço çocj cjgg kf kf ooum umjc jclm lmfs fs trcdlmlaãtrcjgs

•

Xr Xrld ldrg rgag agjc jcúm úm ncmf ncmfgn gn,, ccmj mjnu nuck ckgs gs ngs ngs cmfjugjclmfs

•

•   y   1   ax   +   j (vãgsf tgaicãm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn) •

•

Yfjtgs pgrgnfngs y pfrpfmkcjungrfs (vãgsf tgaicãm • ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn) • Zcstfags kf fjugjclmfs/ • fjugjclmfs scauntçmfgs

Yf Yfkf kfs2 s2 gr grcs cstg tgss y gr grjl jls, s, mlkl mlkls/ s/vã vãrt rtcj cjfs fs,, jgacmls Jçnj Jçnjun unl l kf tr trgy gyfj fjtl tlrc rcgs gs fm umg umg rf rfk k Yfkfs pl plmkfrgkgs

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

94

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

7.fr-:.fr g÷  g÷l l kfn kfn XGC XGC ;.² ;.²-6. -6.²² g÷l g÷l kfn XGC (mc (mcvfn vfn dfm dfmfrg frgn) n) •

Oumjclmfs jugkrçtcjgs

•

Gndlrctals

;.²-6. ;.² -6.²² g÷l g÷l kfn kfn XGC (mc (mcvfn vfn gvg gvgmzg mzgkl) kl) •

Klacmcl y rfjlrrckl

Fmrcqufjcacfmtl •

Oumjclmfs ffxxplmfmjcgnfs

• •

[r [rgm gmso solr lrag agjc jcúm úm kf oumj oumjcl clmf mfss jòicj jòicjgs gs y trcd trcdlm lmla laãt ãtrc rcjg jgss Oumjclmfs, cmjnuckgs2  Cm  y f

•

Oumjclmfs jjl lapufstgs

•

Oumjclmfs cm cmvfrsgs

•

Yf Yfkf kfss y prli prligi gicncnck ckgk gk,, tr trcç cçmd mdun unl l kf Xgsj Xgsjgn gn

•

Oumjclmfs nldgrátacjgs

Ygzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn Ngs egicnckgkfs kf rgzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn lorfjfm g nls gnuamls ngs efrrgacfmtgs mfjfsgrcgs pgrg gmgnczgr, afkcr y trgmsolragr jgmtckgkfs dflaãtrcjgs fm kls y trfs kcafmsclmfs.

_ámjunls jlm jlmjfptls kfn XGC Nls jlmjfptls jngvf kf ltrgs gscdmgturgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn cmjnuyfm2 fspgjcgn  cmjnuyfm2 jgaicl jgaicl (rfngjclmfs,  (rfngjclmfs, trgmsolragjclmfs), jlaumckgkfs jlaumckgkfs (prlpcfkgkfs  (prlpcfkgkfs kf nls çmdunls y kf nls trcçmdunls), jrfgtcvckgk jrfgtcvckgk   (trgmsolragjclmfs, sfafbgmzg y jlmdrufmjcg), fstãtcjg fstãtcjg   (olrags dflaãtrcjgs, trgmsolragjclmfs), ckfmtckgk ckfmtckgk   (járjunl kf rgkcl umckgk, rfngjclmfs), pfrspfjtcvg pfrspfjtcvg   (dflaftrág kf fspgjcl  (dflaftrág kf jllrkfmgkgs jllrkfmgkgs, sfafbgmzg y jlmdrufmjcg) y tcfapl, nudgr y fspgjcl  trckcafmsclmgnfs, trgmsolragjclmfs). Nls jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm fstg rgag cmjnuyfm2 jgaicl, jgmtckgk, fqucvgnfmjcg, fspgjcl, alkfnls, pgtrlmfs, rfprfsfmtgjcúm y rfprfsfmtgjcúm  y scstfags.

[fags y egicnckgkfs Nls tfags y ngs egicnckgkfs cmjnuckls fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl fspgjcgn gyukgrçm g nls gnuamls g kfsgrrlnngr umg jlaprfmscúm kf nl scducfmtf2 •

Jlms Jlmstr truj ujjc jcúm úm y egi egicn cnck ckgk gkfs fs ag agmu mugn gnfs fs

• •

_cs _csugn ugnczg czgjcú jcúm m y rfprfs rfprfsfmt fmtgjc gjcúm úm kf olra olrags gs dflaã dflaãtrc trcjgs jgs trck trckcaf cafmsc msclmg lmgnfs nfs (:K) (:K) Xgs gsggr kf um umgg kcafm cafmsc scúm úm g ltrg ltrg

•

Xf Xfms msga gacf cfmt mtl l gn gndl dlrá ráta tacj cjl l fm tr trcd cdlm lmla laft ftrá rágg  g÷ ÷l kfn XGC 7.fr-:.fr g

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn dfmfrgn)

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)

Dflaftrág •

Jngscocjgr ool lrags dflaãtrcjgs y çmdunls

•

Jlmv Jlmvfr frsscúm cúm ffmt mtrf rf um umck ckgk gkfs fs kfn kfn • scstfag aãtrcjl kfjcagn

_l _lnu nuaf afm m y jgpg jgpgjjckg ckgk (o (ol lra raggs dflaãtrcjgs gkcjclmgnfs)

•

Jçnjunls klmkf sf utcnczgm ngs prlpcfkgkfs kf nls çmdunls

•

_lnuafm kf pl plncfkrls rfdungrfs

•

Elaltfjcg ggnnrfkfklr k kff u um m pumtl kgkl

•

Zfafbgmzg y jlmdrufmjcg

•

•

Yfjtgs pgrgnfngs y

•

Dfl Dflaftr aftráág kf jllr jllrkf kfmg mgkg kgss,

Elalt laltfj fjccg gpn gpncj cjgm gmk kl u um m oogj gjtl tlrr rgjclmgn

•

trgmsvfrsgnfs Xfráaftrl, çrfg y vlnuafm

•

Xfmkcfmtfs kf rfjtgs pfrpfmkcjungrfs

95

cmjnuckgs ngs oúraungs kf ng kcstgmjcg, fn pumtl afkcl y ng pfmkcfmtf

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

7.fr-:.fr g  g÷ ÷l kfn XGC

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn dfmfrgn)

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)

•

Çrfg kf umg supfrocjcf y rfkfs

•

•

Yfprf fprfssfmtg fmtgjjcú cúm m ckãm ckãmtc tcjjg kf trgmsolragjclmfs

•

Jllrkfmgkgs

•

Zcaftrágs y scaftrág ggxxcgn •   y   1   ax   +   j, pfmkcfmtfs y pumtls kf jlrtf jlm nls fbfs (vãgmsf tgaicãm ngs oumjclmfs y nls alkfnls)

•

Fn rf rfjjápr áprlj ljl l kfn tf tfl lrf rfag ag kf Xctçdlrgs

•

[flrfag kfn sf sfml y tflrfag kfn jlsfml, cmjnuckgs sus gpncjgjclmfs (jlmfxcúm jlm ngs

Alv Alvcacf cacfmt mtl l slir slirff um pngm pngml l2 trgmsolragjclmfs cslaãtrcjgs, elaltfjcgs y tfsfngkls

•

Xfmkc fmkcfm fmtf tf kf rfj fjtg tgss pgr pgrgn gnfn fngs gs

•

Dflaftrág kf kfn jjáárjunl

•

Yltgjcúm gn gnrfkfklr kf kf u um m pumtl kgkl [rcdlmlaftrág

Fstg rgag ml sf jlmsckfrg • gprlpcgkg pgrg ng fkgk kf nls • gnuamls. • •

Xrlpc rlpcfk fkgk gkfs fs kf nls nls trc trcçm çmd dunl unls Yuails y kfalrgs Fn tflrfag kf Xctçdlrgs Ygz Ygzlm lmfs fs trcd rcdlm lml laãtr aãtrcj cjggs fm trcçmdunls rfjtçmdunls

oumjclmfs trcdlmlaãtrcjgs) Fmrcqufjcacfmtl Dflaftrág •

Orgj Orgjtg tgnf nfss (cm (cmtr trlk lkuj ujjc jcúm úm cmol cmolra ragn gn))

•

Kcngtgjcúm

•

Ocdu Ocdurg rgss dfl dflaã aãtr trcj cjgs gs cms cmsjr jrct ctgs gs y jc jcrj rjum umsj sjrc rctg tgss

•

Nlmdct Nlmdctuk uk kf um um ggrjl rjl y sfjtl sfjtlrfs rfs jcrjun jcrjungrf grfss utcn utcnczg czgmkl mkl rgk rgkcgm cgmfs fs

•

Jllrkfmgkgs plngrfs

•

Mltgjcúm vvffjtlrcgn

•

Fspgjcls vf vfjtlrcgnfs

[rcdlmlaftrág •

Df Dfla laft ftrá rágg kf jllr jllrkf kfmg mgkg kgss tr trck ckca cafm fmsc sclm lmgn gnfs fs

•

Yfd Yfdng kfn kfn çr çrfg fg kf um tr trcç cçmd mdun unl l

•

Járjunl kf rgkcl umckgk

•

Ygkcgmfs

•

Fjug Fjugjc jcúm úm kf um já járj rjun unl l jlm jlm jf jfmt mtrl rl fm fn lrcd lrcdfm fm

•

Yfng Yfngjjclmf clmfss tr trcd cdlm lml laãt aãtrcj rcjgs

Ygzlmgacfmtl g pgrtcr kf kgtls Fstg rgag kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs trgtg slirf ng litfmjcúm, fn gmçncscs y ng cmtfrprftgjcúm kf kgtls jugmtctgtcvls y fapnfg ng tflrág kf ng prligicnckgk pgrg fstcagr pgrçaftrls, fstginfjfr nfyfs fapárcjgs, jlaprligr ecpútfscs y prfkfjcr sujfsls. Afkcgmtf fn fstukcl kf ng fstgkástcjg, nls gnuamls kfsgrrlnngrçm egicnckgkfs vcmjungkgs jlm ng litfmjcúm, lrdgmczgjcúm y gmçncscs kf kgtls, nl jugn nfs pfractcrç prfsfmtgr ng cmolragjcúm kf agmfrg jngrg y fmjlmtrgr pgtrlmfs. Gscacsal, kfsgrrlnngrçm egicnckgkfs kf pfmsgacfmtl jrátcjl afkcgmtf ngs jugnfs plkrçm kcofrfmjcgr nl quf sujfkf fm tflrág (prligicnckgk) kf nl quf sf lisfrvg (fstgkástcjg).

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

93

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Nls gnuamls jlaprfmkfrçm ngs plscicnckgkfs y ncactgjclmfs kf ng fstgkástcjg, tlagmkl jlmjcfmjcg kf su fapnfl nfdátcal pgrg oumkgafmtgr y jufstclmgr ecpútfscs, pfrl tgaicãm rfjlmljcfmkl júal pufkf fapnfgrsf pgrg cmkujcr g frrlr, pgrg rfigtcr lpcmclmfs y jlm ocmfs prlpgdgmkástcjls. Nls gnuamls kfifm utcnczgr fstgs egicnckgkfs fm sus cmvfstcdgjclmfs, y sf rfjlacfmkg quf usfm ngs tfjmlnldágs kf ng cmolragjcúm y ngs jlaumcjgjclmfs ([CJ) scfaprf quf sfg lplrtuml.

_ámjunls jlm jlmjfptls kfn XGC Nls jlmjfptls jngvf kf ltrgs gscdmgturgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl g pgrtcr kf kgtls  kgtls  cmjnuyfm2 jlaumcjgjcúm jlaumcjgjcúm   (rfprfsfmtgjcúm, prligicnckgk kf sujfsls), jlaumckgkfs jlmfxclmfs (prligicnckgk (aufstrgs, plingjclmfs), jlmfxclmfs  (prligicnckgk kf prufigs sujfscvgs, afkckgs kf tfmkfmjcg jfmtrgn), kfsgrrlnnl (prligicnckgk kfsgrrlnnl  (prligicnckgk kf prufigs sujfscvgs, aufstrfl kf plingjcúm), cmtfrgjjclmfs dnlignfs (aufstrfl dnlignfs (aufstrfl scstfags   (prligicnckgk kf sujfsls, prligicnckgk jlmkcjclmgkg). Nls kf plingjcúm, rfprfsfmtgjclmfs) y scstfags jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC quf pufkfm utcnczgrsf fm fstg rgag cmjnuyfm2 gprlxcagjcúm, jgaicl, jgmtckgk, fqucvgnfmjcg, dfmfrgnczgjcúm, alkfnls, pgtrlmfs, rfprfsfmtgjcúm, scapncocjgjcúm, scstfags y scstfags y vgnckfz.

[fags y egicnckgkfs Nls tfags y ngs egicnckgkfs cmjnuckls fm ng rgag kf rgzlmgacfmtl g pgrtcr kf kgtls gyukgrçm g nls gnuamls g kfsgrrlnngr umg jlaprfmscúm kf nl scducfmtf2 •

_g _grrcgic cgicnc nck kgk y gn gnfg fgtl tlrrcfkg cfkgk k

• •

Kc Kcof ofrf rfmj mjcg cg fm fmtr trff jgu jgusg sg y jlr jlrrf rfng ngjc jcúm úm Cm Cmof ofrf rfmj mjcg cgss y rg rgzl zlmg mgac acfm fmtl tl kfku kfkujt jtcv cvl l cmo cmolr lrag agnn

•

Jl Jlap aprl rlig igjc jcúm úm kf prfk prfkcj cjjc jclm lmfs fs f ecpú ecpútf tfsc scss

•

Aufs Aufstr trfl fl,, rfau rfaufs fstr trfl fl y gd gdrf rfdg dgjc jcúm úm

•

Fn pgp pgpfn fn kfn kfn jlm jlmtf tfxt xtl l fm ng ng cmvf cmvfst stcd cdgj gjcú cúm m fstg fstgká kást stcj cjgg

•

Ng jlmf jlmfxc xcúm úm fmtr fmtrff ffnn p prl rlpú púsc sctl tl y ng ng utc utcncnckg kgk k

•

_g _gnl nlrf rfss gtáp gtápcj cjls ls y júal júal ssfp fpgr grgr gr ng sf÷ sf÷gn gn k kfn fn ruc ruckl kl

•

Jgpgjckgk Jgpgjckgk jrátcjg jrátcjg fm fstgká fstgkástcj stcjg, g, jlmsck jlmsckfrgj frgjcúm cúm kf ngs ngs oufmtf oufmtfss y fvgnugjcú fvgnugjcúm m kf ngs tãjmcjgs tãjmcjgs

•

Kcs Kcstrc trciuj iujcúm cúm kf kgtls kgtls y jjúal úal sf pufkfm pufkfm gmg gmgncz nczgr gr l jlap jlapgrg grgrr

•

Ng nf nfyy kf nl nlss drgm drgmk kfs mò mòaf afrrls

•

Xr Xrli ligi gicncnck ckgk gk tfú tfúrc rcjg jg y prli prligi gicncnck ckgk gk fxp fxpfr frca cafm fmtg tgnn

•

Fstr Fstrgt gtfd fdcg cgss pgrg pgrg ng fn fngi gilr lrgj gjcú cúm m kf ncncst stgs gs  g÷ ÷l kfn XGC 7.fr-:.fr g

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn dfmfrgn)

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)

•

•

[ãjmcjgs kf aufstrfl

•

•

Agmcpungjcúm kf kgtls f cmtfrprftgjcúm frrúmfg

Afkckgs kf kcspfrscúm2 kfsvcgjcúm tápcjg

•

Jl Jlrr rrfn fngj gjcú cúm m, trg rgttgacf gacfmt mtl l jugmtctgtcvl, usl kf ng tfjmlnldág

•

Kgtls k kccsjrftls sc scapnfs y jngscocjgjclmfs

Litfmjcúm y df dfmfrgjcúm kf kf kgtls, cmjnuckgs ngs fmjufstgs • Yfpr Yfprfs fsfm fmtg tgjjclmf clmfss d drç rçoc ocjjgs, gs, cmjnuckls nls drçocjls kf sfjtlrfs, nls drçocjls kf igrrgs, nls drçocjls kf tgnnl y elbgs, y nls pcjtldrgags •

Yfpr Yfprfs fsfm fmtg tgjc jclm lmfs fs drçocj çocjgs gs,, cmjnuckls nls drçocjls ickcafmsclmgnfs, kf kcspfrscúm, kf jgbgs y kf orfjufmjcgs gjuaungkgs

•

Ecstldrgags fm fn fn jg jgsl kf kf drupls jlmtcmuls kf cmtfrvgnl ocbl

Yfjtg kf gb gbustf úptcal

•

•

_csugnczgjcúm kf kf k kggtls f cmoldrgoágs

Xrljfsgacfmtl kf kf kg kgtls2

Yfdng kf kf nngg su suag y rfd fdnng kf kfn prlkujtl2 prligicnckgk jlmkcjclmgkg

•

Xrljfsgacfmtl kf kf kg kgtls2 • afkckgs kf tfmkfmjcg jfmtrgn

•

Jçnjunls k kff p prrligicnckgk

•

Zujfsls kfpfmkcfmtfs f cmkfpfmkcfmtfs

•

:8

•

jugrtcnfs y pfrjfmtcnfs Afkckgs kf kcspfrscúm2 rgmdl cmtfrjugrtcn

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs

7.fr-:.fr g  g÷ ÷l kfn XGC

;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn dfmfrgn)

(afkcg, alkg y afkcgmg) kf • kgtls kcsjrftls y gdrupgkls

Jlrr Jlrrfn fngj gjcú cúm, m, tr trgt gtggacfm acfmtl tl jugnctgtcvl

•

Afkc Afkck kgs kf kcs kcspf pfrs rsccúm úm22 rgm gmd dl •

Orfjufmjcg rfngtcvg

•

Ncac Ncactg tgjc jclm lmfs fs y jjlm lmttfx fxtl tl fm ng •

[gsgs kf rfspufstg

•

cmvfstcdgjcúm fstgkástcjg • [r [rgt gtga gacf cfmt mtl l jjug ugnc ncttgt gtcv cvl l kf kf ng ng prligicnckgk

Jlmbumtls, cmjnuckg ng mltgjcúm y ngs lpfrgjclmfs jlm egstg trfs jlmbumtls

•

Xrligicnckgk kf kf su sujfsls scapnfs

•

•

Fspgjcls aufstrgnfs

Xrlig rligic icnc nck kgk jlm kcg kcgd drg rgag agss kf _fmm, kcgdrgags kf çriln y fspgjcls aufstrgnfs

•

Gbustf prlplrjclmgn kf prligicnckgkfs, cmjnuckg ng scdmcocjgjcúm kf nls mòafrls

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Zujfsls cm cmjlapgtcinfs ((l l autugafmtf fxjnuyfmtfs)

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Zujfsls jl jlapufstls

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;.²-6.² g÷l kfn XGC (mcvfn gvgmzgkl)

Xrligicnckgk tfúrcjg y prligicnckgk fxpfrcafmtgn Fmrcqufjcacfmtl

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Jçnjun Jçnjunl l agmug agmugnn kf ng kfsv kfsvcgj cgjcúm cúm táp tápcjg cjg y fn jlfo jlfocjc cjcfmt fmtff kf jlrrfn jlrrfngjc gjcúm úm

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Ecst Ecstld ldrg rgag agss y pln plnád ádlm lmls ls kf orf orfju jufm fmjc jcgs gs

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Jlvgrcgmzg

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Cm Cmtf tfrp rpl lng ngjjcúm cúm y fx fxtr trggplng plngjc jcú úm

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Zfsdl kf kf jjl lmocragjcúm

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Yfdngs kf jlmtfl

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Jlaicmgtlrcg

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Xfrautgjclmfs

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Ogjtlrcgnfs

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Afkcg df dflaãtrcjg

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Yf Yfdr drfs fscú cúm2 m2 cmtf cmtfrp rprf rftg tgjc jcúm úm kf nls nls rfs rfsun untg tgkl klss

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

:7

 

Fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl

Lrcfmtgjcúm fspfjáojg

Vsl focjgz kf ngs tfjmlnldágs kf ng cmolragjcúm y ngs jlaumcjgjclmfs ([CJ) fm Agtfaçtcjgs Fn usl gkfjugkl kf jlaputgklrgs, gpncjgjclmfs cmolraçtcjgs y jgnjungklrgs pufkf jlmtrciucr g ng jlaprfmscúm kf nls tfags plr pgrtf kf tlkls nls gnuamls. Zfdòm nls rfjursls jlm nls quf jufmtf fn jlnfdcl, ngs [CJ kfifm utcnczgrsf jugmkl rfsuntfm gprlpcgkgs2 •

Jlal afkcl pgrg gapncgr gapncgr nls nls jlmljc jlmljcacfmtl acfmtlss quf quf tcfmfm tcfmfm nls nls gnuamls gnuamls slirf fn aumkl aumkl fm fm quf quf vcvfm vcvfm

•

Jl Jlal al vág vág pgr pgrgg kfs kfsgr grrl rlnnnngr gr jlm jlmjf jfpt ptls ls y egic egicncnckg kgkf kfss

•

Jl Jlal al um umgg p plk lkfr frls lsgg e efr frrg rgac acfm fmtg tg kf jl jlau aumc mcjg jgjc jcúm úm

Ngs [CJ lorfjfm umg gapncg vgrcfkgk kf rfjursls y gpncjgjclmfs quf nls prlofslrfs pufkfm fxpnlrgr g ocm kf afblrgr ng fmsf÷gmzg y fn gprfmkczgbf. Fm Agtfaçtcjgs, pufkfm utcnczgrsf jlal efrrgacfmtg pgrg rfgnczgr jçnjunls jlapnfbls, rfslnvfr prlinfags, kciubgr drçocjls f cmtfrprftgr y gmgnczgr kgtls. [gaicãm [gaicãm pufkfm rfsuntgr òtcnfs pgrg2 •

Cm Cmvf vfst stcd cdgr gr kgtl kgtlss y jlmj jlmjfp fptl tlss agtf agtfaç açtc tcjl jlss

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Li Litf tfmf mfrr rfsp rfspuf ufst stgs gs rçp rçpck ckgs gs ggnn jlap jlaprl rlig igrr slnu slnujc jclm lmfs fs

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Li Lisf sfrv rvgr gr pgtr pgtrlm lmfs fs y egjf egjfrr dfmf dfmfrg rgncnczg zgjc jclm lmfs fs

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Jgaicg Jgaicgrr kf rfprfs rfprfsfmt fmtgjc gjclmf lmfss gmgnát gmgnátcjg cjgss g rfprfsf rfprfsfmtg mtgjcl jclmfs mfs d drço rçocjg cjgss y vcj vcjfvf fvfrsg rsg

•

_c _csu sugn gncz czgr gr tr trgm gmso solr lrag agjc jclm lmfs fs dfla dflaãt ãtrc rcjg jgss

Gscacsal, fn usl gkfjugkl kf ngs [CJ pufkf jlmtrciucr gn kfsgrrlnnl kf ngs egicnckgkfs kf jlaumcjgjcúm kf nls gnuamls, yg quf rfsuntgm kf utcnckgk fm ng litfmjcúm, lrdgmczgjcúm y gmçncscs kf ng cmolragjcúm, y fm ng prfsfmtgjcúm kf nls egnngzdls. Ml listgmtf, pgrg quf ngs [CJ jlmstctuygm umg efrrgacfmtg òtcn fm fn gprfmkczgbf, nls gnuamls kfifm fstgr ogacncgrczgkls jlm nls rfjursls y ngs gpncjgjclmfs, y sgifr júal y juçmkl utcnczgrnls. Nls gnuamls kfifm sfr jgpgjfs kf kfjckcr juçmkl rfsuntg gprlpcgkl fn usl kf fstgs tfjmlnldágs y juçmkl fs afblr utcnczgr ltrls aãtlkls, tgnfs jlal pgpfn y nçpcz, jçnjunl afmtgn l kcgdrgags. Xlr nl tgmtl, fs caplrtgmtf quf nls prlofslrfs nfs fmsf÷fm júal fapnfgr fstls rfjursls kf alkl focjgz gplygmkl g ng vfz fn kfsgrrlnnl kf sus egicnckgkfs cmtfnfjtugnfs. Ngs [CJ pufkfm sfrvcr kf gplyl g nls gnuamls jlm mfjfsckgkfs kf gplyl pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf quf tfmdgm kcocjuntgkfs pgrg fmtfmkfr um jlmjfptl fm pgrtcjungr l quf rfqucfrgm açs prçjtcjg. [gaicãm pufkfm pngmtfgr um kfsgoál gkcjclmgn g nls gnuamls supfrkltgkls y tgnfmtlsls, pfractcãmklnfs fxpnlrgr ltrgs ckfgs y jlmjfptls. Ngs tfjmlnldágs gkgptgtcvgs pufkfm gyukgr g nls gnuamls jlm kcocjuntgkfs kf gprfmkczgbf drgvfs g pgrtcjcpgr fm ng jngsf bumtl jlm sus jlapg÷frls. Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm slirf tfjmlnldágs cmjnuscvg fm  fm fn Jfmtrl gkgptgtcvgs y mfjfsckgkfs kf gplyl pgrg fn gprfmkczgbf, vãgsf ng sfjjcúm Fkujgjcúm cmjnuscvg kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags. Kfpfmkcfmkl kf ngs cmstgngjclmfs y nls rfjursls kf jgkg jlnfdcl, sf rfjlacfmkg g nls prlofslrfs quf utcncjfm ngs [CJ scfaprf quf sfg plscinf y gkfjugkl jlal afkcl pgrg rfolrzgr fn gprfmkczgbf. Gndumls rfjursls kf ngs [CJ quf sf pufkfm fapnfgr fm agtfaçtcjgs slm2 •

Igs Igsfs kf kgtl kgtlss y el elbg bgss kf kf jçn jçnjjun unl l

•

Xr Xrld ldrg rgag agss cmo cmolr lraç açtc tcjl jlss kf kf trg trgzg zgkl kl kf dr drço çocj cjls ls

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Xrl rldr drga gags gs kf dfl dflaf aftr tráág kcmç kcmçac acjg jg

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Xr Xrld ldrg rgag agss k kff jjlm lmtf tfmc mckl kl agtf agtfaç açtc tcjl jl fspf fspfjá jáoc ocjl jl

:9

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Lrcfmtgjcúm fspfjáojg

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Jgnj Jgnjun ungk gklr lrgs gs kf pg pgmt mtgn gnng ng dr drço çocj cjgg

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Alt Altlr lrfs fs kf iòs iòsqufk qufkgg ffm m Cmt Cmtfr frmf mftt

•

JK-YLA

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Xr Xrlj ljfs fsgk gklr lrfs fs kf kf tfxt tfxtls ls y prl prldr drga gags gs kf kf gu gutl tlfk fkcj cjcú cúm m

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Lrdgmczgklrfs drçocjls

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Xrl rldr drga gags gs kf jç jçnj nju unl scaiú caiúnc ncjjl

[grfgs kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC Xlr nl dfmfrgn, nls jrctfrcls G, I y K fvgnògm kcstcmtls tcpls kf tgrfgs. Fn jrctfrcl J sf utcnczg g afmukl bumtl jlm fn jrctfrcl I l fn jrctfrcl K pgrg fvgnugr rfspufstgs f cmolrafs fngilrgkls plr nls gnuamls. Jrctfrcl

[grfgs kf fvgnugjcúm tápcjgs

Jrctfrcl G2 Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm

Xrufigs kf jngsf

Mltgs

Nls prlofslrfs quf lptfm plr utcnczgr nls jrctfrcls G y I pgrg umg Fxçafmfs acsag tgrfg kfifrçm kfocmcr [rgigbls quf cmjnuyfm sctugjclmfs jngrgafmtf quã gspfjtls kf ng tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal tgrfg sf fvgnugrçm jlm jgkg kfsjlmljckgs jrctfrcl y gsfdurgrsf kf quf fstg sfg nl suocjcfmtfafmtf rcdurlsg pgrg quf nls gnuamls pufkgm gnjgmzgr nls mcvfnfs açs gntls kf gails jrctfrcls.

Jrctfrcl I2 Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs

Cmvfstcdgjclmfs agtfaçtcjgs kf Ngs tgrfgs pufkfm tfmfr vgrcgs jcfrtg jlapnfbckgk quf pfractfm g slnujclmfs y kfifm pltfmjcgr fn nls gnuamls2 pfmsgacfmtl agtfaçtcjl gutúmlal. • Fnfdc nfdcrr su sus prl prlpc pcgs gs tã tãjm jmcj cjggs agtfaçtcjgs •

Jrctfrcl J2 Jlaumcjgjcúm

Jrctfrcl K2 Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn

Ygzl Ygzlmg mgrr kf kf nl nl pg pgrt rtcj cju ungr ngr g nl dfmfrgn

Cmvfstcdgjclmfs y prlinfags kf ng Fn jrctfrcl J sf sufnf utcnczgr pgrg vckg rfgn fvgnugr, plr fbfapnl, cmolrafs quf rfqucfrfm umg fstrujturg Cmolrafs quf2 •

Yfqucfrfm um umg fs fstrujturg núdcjg

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Gkac Gkactf tfm m kcvf kcvfrrsgs sgs ol olrrag agss kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

núdcjg y quf gkactfm kcvfrsgs olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm.

Lplrtumckgkfs kf usgr jlmjfptls Xlr fbfapnl, tgrfgs igsgkgs fm agtfaçtcjls pgrg rfslnvfr jlmtfxtls rfgnfs quf rfqucfrgm prlinfags kf ng vckg rfgn usgr alkfnls agtfaçtcjls l gbustf kf jurvgs. Ngs agtfaçtcjgs pufkfm utcnczgrsf pgrg jrfgr alkfnls kf aujegs sctugjclmfs (plr fbfapnl2 pcmtgr umg egictgjcúm, gmgnczgr tgrcogs kf tfnãolml aúvcn, trcgmdungjcúm, kcftgs, ftj.).

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

::

 

Lrcfmtgjcúm fspfjáojg

fvgnugkl‑‑ kf fstg duág y ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng sfjjcúm „Fn „Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

:;

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

Jlrrfsplmkfmjcg fmtrf nls libftcvls fspfjáojls y nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm Fm fn XGC, ng fvgnugjcúm sf jlrrfsplmkf fstrfjegafmtf jlm fn jurrájunl fsjrctl y fmsf÷gkl. Jgkg gspfjtl kf nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC sf jlrrfsplmkf jlm um gspfjtl kf nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf fstf drupl kf gscdmgturgs. Ng ocdurg : cnustrg fstg jlrrfsplmkfmjcg y ng jrfjcfmtf jlapnfbckgk kf nls rfqucsctls quf kfifm juapncr nls gnuamls fm nls mcvfnfs kf nldrl supfrclrfs.

Ocdurg : Jlrrfsplmkfmjcg fmtrf nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls y nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs. Jlmsuntf dfmfrgnfs. Jlmsuntf tgaicãm ng puincjgjcúm Lrcfmtgjcúm gkcjclmgn pgrg kfsgrrlnngr fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl kfn XGC  (gircn   (gircn kf 9876, gjtugnczgkg fm sfptcfairf kf 987?), kcsplmcinf igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC  XGC  = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg  fmsf÷gmzg  = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs  dfmfrgnfs  = Lrcfmtgjcúm gkcjclmgn.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

:6

 

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

Yfsuafm kf nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm

Ng fvgnugjcúm kf nls jursls kf Agtfaçtcjgs fm tlkls nls g÷ls kfn prldrgag sf igsg fm jugtrl jrctfrcls quf tcfmfm ng acsag plmkfrgjcúm. Jrctfrcl G

Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm

Açxcal2 5

Jrctfrcl I

Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs

Açxcal2 5

Jrctfrcl J

Jlaumcjgjcúm

Açxcal2 5

Jrctfrcl K

Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn

Açxcal2 5

Nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs kfifm kfifm fvgnugr  fvgnugr tlkls tlkls nls  nls gspfjtls kf tlkls tlkls nls  nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm gn afmls kls vfjfs fm vfjfs fm jgkg g÷l kfn g÷l kfn XGC. Fm fn XGC, nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs sf jlrrfsplmkfm jlm nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm. Jgkg jrctfrcl tcfmf mcvfnfs kf nldrl plscinfs (7‚5), kcvckckls jugtrl igmkgs dfmfrgnafmtf rfprfsfmtgm um ljel kfsfapf÷l ncactgkl (7‚9), gkfjugkl (:‚;), fm jlmsckfrginf (6‚?)qufy fxjfnfmtf (4‚5). Jgkg igmkg tcfmf su prlpcl kfsjrcptlr, y nls prlofslrfs utcnczgm su bucjcl prlofsclmgn pgrg kftfracmgr juçn kf nls kfsjrcptlrfs rfonfbg açs gkfjugkgafmtf nls prldrfsls y nldrls kf nls gnuamls. utcnczgrsf  fm fn prcafr, tfrjfr y qucmtl g÷l kf Fstg duág cmjnuyf nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm quf kfifm utcnczgrsf  Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC. G ocm kf juapncr jlm nls rfqucsctls mgjclmgnfs l nljgnfs, nls jlnfdcls pufkfm g÷gkcr ltrls jrctfrcls y fapnfgr alkfnls kf fvgnugjcúm gkcjclmgnfs, pfrl kfifm utcnczgr nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm gkfjugkls tgn jlal gpgrfjfm puincjgkls fm fstg duág pgrg jlaumcjgr nls nldrls ocmgnfs kf nls gnuamls fm fn prldrgag. Nls prlofslrfs jngrcocjgm nl quf sf fspfrg kf nls gnuamls fm jgkg tgrfg kf fvgnugjcúm suagtcvg egjcfmkl rfofrfmjcgs kcrfjtgs g fstls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm. Ngs jngrcocjgjclmfs fspfjáocjgs kf jgkg tgrfg kfifm fxpncjgr jngrgafmtf nl quf sf fspfrg quf sfpgm y egdgm nls gnuamls. Fstl pufkf egjfrsf afkcgmtf2 •

Vmg vfrs vfrscúm cúm kf kf nls jrc jrctfr tfrcls cls kf fv fvgnu gnugjc gjcúm úm gkfj gkfjugk ugkls ls gkgp gkgptgk tgkgg g ng ttgrf grfgg

•

Vmg fxpncj fxpncjgjc gjcúm úm g ng jng jngsf, sf, yg sfg sfg k kff agmfr agmfrgg p prfs rfsfmj fmjcgn cgn l vcrt vcrtugn ugn

•

Cm Cmst stru rujj jjcl clmf mfss k kft ftgn gnng ngkg kgss pgr pgrgg ng tgrf tgrfgg

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

:?

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 prcafr g÷l

Jrctfrcl G2 Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn prcafr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclm jclmgr gr ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss gprlpcgk gprlpcgkgs gs pgrg pgrg rf rfslnvf slnvfrr prlinfag prlinfagss fm sctugj sctugjclmfs clmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncj Gpncjgr gr kfickg kfickgafmtf afmtf ngs agtfaçtcjgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfj sfnfjjclm jclmgkgs gkgs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr prlinfags prlinfags

ccc.

Yfslnvfr Yfslnvfr prlin prlinfags fags jlrr jlrrfjtg fjtgafmtf afmtf fm umg umg vgrcfkg vgrcfkgk k kf jlmtfxtls jlmtfxtls kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags sfmjcnnls fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags açs jlapnfbls fm jlapnfbls  fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf

jlmtfxtls Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags quf pngmtfgm um kfsgoál fm kfsgoál fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags quf pngmtfgm um kfsgoál fm kfsgoál fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

:4

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 prcafr g÷l

Jrctfrcl I2 Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn prcafr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncj Gpncjgr gr tãjmcj tãjmcjgs gs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss kf rfslnujcú rfslnujcúm m kf prlinfags prlinfags pgrg rfjlmljfr rfjlmljfr pgtrlmfs pgtrlmfs

cc.

Kfsjr Kfsjrcicr cicr pgtrlmf pgtrlmfss jlal rfngj rfngjclmfs clmfs l rfdn rfdngs gs dfmfrgnf dfmfrgnfss jlefrfmtf jlefrfmtfss jlm egnngz egnngzdls dls jjlrrfj lrrfjtls tls

ccc. ccc.

_fr _frcoc cocjgr jgr sc fn pgtr pgtrúm úm sf juap juapnf nf jlm jlm ltrls ltrls fb fbfap fapnls nls Mcvfn kf kf nl nldrl 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg rfjlmljfr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs sfmjcnnls, jlm gyukg kfn prlofslr

cc.

Cmkcjgr prfkcjjclmfs Cmkcjgr  prfkcjjclmfs jlefrfmtfs jlm pgtrlmfs sfmjcnnls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg rfjlmljfr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs

cc.

Zudfrcr fm Zudfrcr  fm quã jlmscstfm fstls pgtrlmfs

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg rfjlmljfr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs

cc.

Zudfrcr rfngjclmfs l rfngjclmfs l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls egnngzdls

ccc. ccc.

_frcoc _frcocjgr jgr sc nls nls pgtr pgtrlmf lmfss sf jua juapnf pnfm m jlm jlm ltrl fbfapnl

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr tãjmcjgs  tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg rfjlmljfr pgtrlmfs jlrrfjtls

cc.

Kfsjrcicr pgtrlmfs jlal rfngjclmfs l rfngjclmfs l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm egnngzdls jlrrfjtls

ccc. ccc.

_frcoc _frcocjgr jgr sc nls nls pgtr pgtrlmf lmfss sf jua juapnf pnfm m jlm jlm ltrls fbfapnls

Mltg2  Vmg tgrfg sf jlmsckfrg kfagscgkl ducgkg sc ml pfractf g nls gnuamls sfnfjjclmgr umg tãjmcjg kf Mltg2  rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags0 fm tgnfs jgsls, nls gnuamls kfn prcafr y sfdumkl g÷l plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ?.

Jrctfrcl J2 Jlaumcjgjcúm Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn prcafr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr nfmdugbf nfmdugbf agtfaç agtfaçtcjl tcjl gprlpcgkl gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm (mltgjcúm,, sáailnls sáailnls y tfracmlnl tfracmlnldág) dág) fm fmumjcg fmumjcgkls kls ttgmtl gmtl lrgnfs lrgnfs jlal fsjrctls

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr prfsfmtgr cmolragjcú cmolragjcúm m

ccc. ccc.

Jla Jlaumc umcjgr jgr nánámfg mfgss kf rgzlmga rgzlmgacfm cfmtl tl agtfaç agtfaçtcj tcjl l jlefrfm jlefrfmtfs tfs

cv.

Lrdgmczgr Lrdgmczgr cmolragjcú cmolragjcúm m ffapnfg apnfgmkl mkl umg fstrujtur fstrujturgg núdcjg núdcjg

:5

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 prcafr g÷l

kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn ml gnjgmzg Fn gnuaml ml  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsg Vsgr nfm nfmd dug ugbbf agt agtfa façt çtccjl ncactgkl

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg ncactgkgs ncactgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

ccc. ccc.

Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzl rgzlmga mgacfm cfmtl tl quf quf slm slm kcoájcnfs kf fmtfmkfr

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

 jcfrtl nfmdugbf Vsgr jcfrtl  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm gkfjugkgafmtf

ccc. ccc.

jlaprfmscinfs, gumquf Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzl rgzlmga mgacfm cfmtl tl quf quf slm slm jlaprfmscinfs,  gumquf ml scfaprf jlefrfmtfs

cv.

Lrdgmczgr cmolragjcúm Lrdgmczgr  cmolragjcúm gkfjugkgafmtf gkfjugkgafmtf fapnfgmkl  fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr mlragnafmtf nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr mlragnafmtf olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm jlrrfjtgafmtf

ccc. ccc.

mlragnafmtf slm Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzlmg rgzlmgacf acfmtl mtl quf mlragnafmtf  slm jlefrfmtfs

cv.

Xrfsfmtgr su trgigbl lrdgmczgkl mlragnafmtf fapnfgmkl Xrfsfmtgr su mlragnafmtf fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

scstfaçtcjgafmtf nfmdugbf Vsgr scstfaçtcjgafmtf  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr scstfaçtcjgafmtf olrags kf olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm jlrrfjtgafmtf

ccc.

jngrckgk námfgs kf rgzlmgacfmtl jlefrfmtfs Jlaumcjgr jlm jngrckgk námfgs

cv cv..

Xrfs Xrfsfm fmtg tgrr su su ttrg rgig igbl bl lrdgmczgkl scstfaçtcjgafmtf fapnfgmkl scstfaçtcjgafmtf fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Jrctfrcl K2 Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn prcafr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfmtc Ckfmtcocj ocjgr gr ffnfa nfafmt fmtls ls pfrt pfrtcmf cmfmtf mtfss kf ssctu ctugjc gjclmf lmfss kf ng ng vc vckg kg rfgn rfgn

cc.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr fstrgtfdc fstrgtfdcgs gs agt agtfaçtc façtcjgs jgs gprlpc gprlpcgkgs gkgs pgrg pgrg rfslnv rfslnvfr fr sct sctugjcl ugjclmfs mfs kf ng ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr kfickgafm kfickgafmtf tf ngs fstrgtfd fstrgtfdcgs cgs agtfaçtc agtfaçtcjgs jgs sfnfjjc sfnfjjclmgk lmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr nnfdgr g umg umg slnujcúm slnujcúm

cv.

Fxpncj Fxpncjgr gr fn fn dr drgkl gkl k kff prfjcs prfjcscúm cúm kf um umgg slnuj slnujcúm cúm

v.

Kfsjr Kfsjrcicr cicr sc sc umg slnujcúm slnujcúm tcfmf tcfmf ssfmtck fmtckl l fm fn fn jlmtfxtl jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 8

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

:3

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 prcafr g÷l

kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

;8

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfmtcocjgr gndumls gndumls fnfafmtls  fnfafmtls kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

slnujcúm g ng sctugjcúm kf ng Gp Gpncncjg jgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agt agtfa façt çtcj cjgs gs pgrg pgrg egnngr umg slnujcúm g vckg rfgn, gumquf kf alkl pljl focjgz

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

pfrtcmfmtfs kf Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

slnujcúm g ng sctugjcúm kf Gp Gpncncjg jgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agt agtfa façt çtcj cjgs gs pgrg pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm g ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Cmkcjgr, gumquf ml scfaprf jlrrfjtgafmtf, sc jlrrfjtgafmtf,  sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

gkfjugkgs pgrg Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gkfjugkgs  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr ngs ngs fstrgtfdcg fstrgtfdcgss agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm vçnckg g vçnckg  g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Kfsjrcicr fn Kfsjrcicr  fn drgkl kf prfjcscúm kf ng slnujcúm

v.

Cmkcjgr jlrrfjtgafmtf sc jlrrfjtgafmtf sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gkfjugkgs gkfjugkgs pgrg  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr ngs ngs fstrgtfdcg fstrgtfdcgss agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm jlrrfjtg g jlrrfjtg  g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Fxpncjgr fn Fxpncjgr  fn drgkl kf prfjcscúm kf ng slnujcúm

v.

Kfsjrcicr jlrrfjtgafmtf sc jlrrfjtgafmtf sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 A gtfaçtcjgs2 tfrjfr g÷l

Jrctfrcl G2 Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn tfrjfr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclm jclmgr gr ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss gprlpcgk gprlpcgkgs gs pgrg pgrg rf rfslnvf slnvfrr prlinfag prlinfagss fm sctugj sctugjclmfs clmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncj Gpncjgr gr kfickg kfickgafmtf afmtf ngs agtfaçtcjgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfj sfnfjjclm jclmgkgs gkgs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr prlinfags prlinfags

ccc.

Yfslnvfr Yfslnvfr prlin prlinfags fags jlrr jlrrfjtg fjtgafmtf afmtf fm umg umg vgrcfkg vgrcfkgk k kf jlmtfxtls jlmtfxtls kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags sfmjcnnls fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags açs jlapnfbls fm jlapnfbls  fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf

jlmtfxtls Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags quf pngmtfgm um kfsgoál fm kfsgoál fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags quf pngmtfgm um kfsgoál fm kfsgoál fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

;7

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 tfrjfr g÷l

Jrctfrcl I2 Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn tfrjfr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr y gpncjgr gpncjgr tãjmcjgs tãjmcjgs agtfaç agtfaçtcjgs tcjgs kf rf rfslnuj slnujcúm cúm kf kf prlinfags prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc. ccc.

Kfsjr Kfsjrcicr cicr pgtrl pgtrlmfs mfs jlal jlal rfngjc rfngjclmfs lmfs y/l rfdngs rfdngs dfmfrgnfs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls nls egnngzd egnngzdls ls _frcocjgr _frcocjgr y bbustco ustcocjgr cjgr rfngjclmfs rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs rfdngs dfmfrg dfmfrgnfs nfs Mcvfn kf kf nl nldrl 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs sfmjcnnls, jlm gyukg kfn prlofslr

cc.

Cmkcjgr prfkcjjclmfs jlefrfmtfs prfkcjjclmfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls pgtrlmfs

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs sfmjcnnls

cc.

Zudfrcr rfngjclmfs y/l rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls egnngzdls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr tãjmcjgs  tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc.

Kfsjrcicr pgtrlmfs jlal pgtrlmfs jlal rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls egnngzdls

ccc.

_frcocjgr fstgs _frcocjgr  fstgs rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr tãjmcjgs  tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc.

Kfsjrcicr pgtrlmfs jlal pgtrlmfs jlal rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm egnngzdls jlrrfjtls

ccc.

_frcocjgr y bustcocjgr _frcocjgr y  bustcocjgr fstgs  fstgs rfngjclmfs y/l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs

Mltg2  Vmg tgrfg sf jlmsckfrg kfagscgkl ducgkg sc ml pfractf g nls gnuamls sfnfjjclmgr umg tãjmcjg kf Mltg2  rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags0 fm tgnfs jgsls, nls gnuamls kfn tfrjfr g÷l fm gkfngmtf plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ;. Ml listgmtf, nls prlofslrfs kfifm prlplrjclmgr suocjcfmtfs cmstrujjclmfs pgrg quf tlkls nls gnuamls pufkgm cmcjcgr ng cmvfstcdgjcúm. Kfn tfrjfr g÷l fm gkfngmtf, nls gnuamls quf kfsjrcigm umg rfdng dfmfrgn kf gjufrkl jlm egnngzdls cmjlrrfjtls plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ?, scfaprf y jugmkl fstg rfdng plsfg um mcvfn kf jlapnfbckgk fqucvgnfmtf.

Jrctfrcl J2 Jlaumcjgjcúm Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn tfrjfr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c. Vsgr nfmdugbf nfmdugbf agtfaç agtfaçtcjl tcjl gprlpcgkl gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm (mltgjcúm,, sáailnls sáailnls y tfracmlnl tfracmlnldág) dág) fm fxpncjg fxpncjgjclmf jclmfss tgmtl tgmtl lrgnfs jlal fsjrctgs ;9

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 tfrjfr g÷l

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr prfsfmtgr cmolragjcú cmolragjcúm m

ccc.

Jgaicgr Jgaicgr kf kf umgs umgs oolrags lrags kf rfprfs rfprfsfmtgj fmtgjcúm cúm agtfaç agtfaçtcjg tcjg g ltrgs ltrgs

cv.

Jlaumcjgr Jlaumcjgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzlmgacfm rgzlmgacfmtl tl agtfaçt agtfaçtcjl cjl jlapnftgs jlapnftgs y jlefrfmt jlefrfmtfs fs

v.

Lrd Lrdgmc gmczgr zgr cmol cmolrag ragjcú jcúm m fapnfgm fapnfgmkl kl umg umg fst fstruj rujtur turgg núdcjg núdcjg Mcvfn kf kf nl nldrl 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsg Vsgr nfm nfmd dug ugbbf agt agtfa façt çtccjl ncactgkl

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg ncactgkgs ncactgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

ccc. ccc.

Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzl rgzlmga mgacfm cfmtl tl quf quf slm slm kcoájcnfs kf cmtfrprftgr

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr jcfrtl jcfrtl nfmdugbf  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm gkfjugkgafmtf

ccc. ccc.

Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzl rgzlmga mgacfm cfmtl tl quf quf slm slm jlaprfmscinfs, jlaprfmscinfs, gumquf  gumquf ml

cv.

scfaprf jngrgs Lrdgmczgr cmolragjcúm Lrdgmczgr gkfjugkgafmtf fapnfgmkl  cmolragjcúm gkfjugkgafmtf  fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr mlragnafmtf nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr mlragnafmtf olrags kf olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm jlrrfjtgafmtf

ccc.

Jgaicgr Jgaicgr kf umgs olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg g lt ltrgs rgs jlm jcfrtg focjgjcg

cv.

Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfg námfgss kf rgzlmga rgzlmgacfm cfmtl tl quf slm slm jngrgs, jngrgs, gumqu gumquff ml scfaprf jlefrfmtfs l jlapnftgs

v.

mlragnafmtf fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg Xrfs Xrfsfm fmtg tgrr su su trg trgig igbl bl lrdgmczgkl mlragnafmtf fapnfgmkl núdcjg

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c. Vsgr scstfaçtcjgafmtf scstfaçtcjgafmtf nfmdugbf  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl cc.

olrags kf gprlpcgkgs pgrg Vsgr olrags  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm jlrrfjtgafmtf kf agmfrg scstfaçtcjg

ccc.

Jgaicgr Jgaicgr kf umgs olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg g lt ltrgs rgs focjgzafmtf

cv cv..

Jl Jlau aumc mcjg jgrr námfg námfgss kf rgzl rgzlmg mgac acfm fmtl tl jlapnftgs y jlefrfmtfs

v.

scstfaçtcjgafmtf fapnfgmkl umg Xrfs Xrfsfm fmtg tgrr su su trg trgig igbl bl lrdgmczgkl scstfaçtcjgafmtf fapnfgmkl fstrujturg núdcjg

Jrctfrcl K2 Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn tfrjfr g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfmtc Ckfmtcocj ocjgr gr ffnfa nfafmt fmtls ls pfrt pfrtcmf cmfmtf mtfss kf ssctu ctugjc gjclmf lmfss kf ng ng vc vckg kg rfgn rfgn

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

;:

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

;:

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 tfrjfr g÷l

cc.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr fstrgtfdc fstrgtfdcgs gs agt agtfaçtc façtcjgs jgs gprlpc gprlpcgkgs gkgs pgrg pgrg rfslnv rfslnvfr fr sct sctugjcl ugjclmfs mfs kf ng ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr kfickgafm kfickgafmtf tf ngs fstrgtfd fstrgtfdcgs cgs agtfaçtc agtfaçtcjgs jgs sfnfjjc sfnfjjclmgk lmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr nnfdgr g umg umg slnujcúm slnujcúm

cv.

Fxpncj Fxpncjgr gr fn fn dr drgkl gkl k kff prfjcs prfjcscúm cúm kf um umgg slnuj slnujcúm cúm

v.

Fxpnc Fxpncjgr jgr sc umg slnujcúm slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl sfmtckl fm fn jl jlmtfxt mtfxtl l kf ng ng sct sctugjc ugjcúm úm kf ng vckg vckg rfgn rfgn Mcvfn kf kf nl nldrl 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

gndumls fnfafmtls Ckfmtcocjgr gndumls  fnfafmtls kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

Gp Gpncncjg jgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agt agtfa façt çtcj cjgs gs pgrg pgrg egnngr umg slnujcúm g slnujcúm g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn, gumquf kf alkl pljl focjgz

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc.

Zfnfjjclmgr jlm jcfrtg focjgjcg fstrgtfdcgs focjgjcg fstrgtfdcgs agtfaçtcjgs gkfjugkgs gkfjugkgs pgrg  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc. ccc.

slnujcúm g ng sctugjcúm kf Gpncjg Gpncjgrr fstr fstrgtf gtfdcg dcgss agtf agtfaçt açtcjg cjgss p pgrg grg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm g ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Kfsjrcicr Kfsjrcicr sc sc ng sl slnujc nujcúm úm tcfmf tcfmf sfmt sfmtckl ckl fm fn fn jlmtfxtl jlmtfxtl kf kf ng sctugjc sctugjcúm úm kf ng vckg rfgn

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

gkfjugkgs pgrg Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gkfjugkgs  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr ngs ngs fstrgtfdcg fstrgtfdcgss agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm vçnckg g vçnckg  g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Kfsjrcicr fn Kfsjrcicr  fn drgkl kf prfjcscúm kf ng slnujcúm

v.

Kcsjutcr sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg Kcsjutcr sc rfgn

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c. cc. cc.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjjgr nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr ngs ngs fstrgtfdcg fstrgtfdcgss agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm jlrrfjtg

cv.

Fxpncjgr fn Fxpncjgr  fn drgkl kf prfjcscúm kf ng slnujcúm

v.

Fxpncjgr sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg Fxpncjgr sc rfgn

;;

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 qucmtl g÷l

Jrctfrcl G2 Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn qucmtl g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclm jclmgr gr ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss gprlpcgk gprlpcgkgs gs pgrg pgrg rf rfslnvf slnvfrr prlinfag prlinfagss fm sctugj sctugjclmfs clmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncj Gpncjgr gr kfickg kfickgafmtf afmtf ngs agtfaçtcjgs agtfaçtcjgs sfnfj sfnfjjclm jclmgkgs gkgs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr prlinfags prlinfags

ccc.

Yfslnvfr Yfslnvfr prlin prlinfags fags jlrr jlrrfjtg fjtgafmtf afmtf fm umg umg vgrcfkg vgrcfkgk k kf jlmtfxtls jlmtfxtls kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags sfmjcnnls fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags açs jlapnfbls fm jlapnfbls  fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf

jlmtfxtls Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags quf pngmtfgm um kfsgoál fm kfsgoál fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjj Zfnfjjclm clmgr gr ngs agt agtfaç façtcj tcjgs gs gprlpc gprlpcgkg gkgss p pgrg grg rfs rfslnv lnvfr fr prlinfags quf pngmtfgm um kfsgoál fm kfsgoál fm sctugjclmfs tgmtl jlmljckgs jlal kfsjlmljckgs

cc.

Gpncjg Gpncjgrr kfickga kfickgafmtf fmtf ngs agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjgss sfnfjj sfnfjjclmgk clmgkgs gs pgrg rfslnvfr rfslnvfr fstls prlinfags

ccc.

Xlr nl dfmfr dfmfrgn, gn, rfslnvf rfslnvfrr fstls fstls prli prlinfags nfags jlrrfj jlrrfjtgafm tgafmtf tf fm umg umg vgrcfkgk vgrcfkgk kf kf jlmtfxtls

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

;6

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 qucmtl g÷l

Jrctfrcl I2 Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn qucmtl g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr y gpncjgr gpncjgr tãjmcjgs tãjmcjgs agtfaç agtfaçtcjgs tcjgs kf rf rfslnuj slnujcúm cúm kf kf prlinfags prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc. ccc.

Kfsjr Kfsjrcicr cicr pgtrlmfs pgtrlmfs jlal rfdngs rfdngs d dfmfrg fmfrgnfs nfs jlefr jlefrfmtfs fmtfs jlm nls egnngzdls egnngzdls Kfalstrgr, Kfalstrgr, l vfrcocj vfrcocjgr gr y bustco bustcocjgr cjgr,, rfdngs rfdngs dfmfrgnfs dfmfrgnfs kf nl nldrl Mcvfn kf 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs sfmjcnnls, jlm gyukg kfn prlofslr

cc.

Cmkcjgr prfkcjjclmfs jlefrfmtfs prfkcjjclmfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls pgtrlmfs

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr Gpncjgr tãjmcjgs pgtrlmfs sfmjcnnls

cc.

Zudfrcr rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls egnngzdls

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr tãjmcjgs gpncjgr tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc.

Kfsjrcicr pgtrlmfs jlal pgtrlmfs jlal rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm nls egnngzdls

ccc.

_frcocjgr ng _frcocjgr  ng vgnckfz kf fstgs rfdngs dfmfrgnfs

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr Zfnfjjclmgr y gpncjgr tãjmcjgs  tãjmcjgs agtfaçtcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags pgrg kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs jlapnfbls

cc.

Kfsjrcicr pgtrlmfs jlal pgtrlmfs jlal rfdngs dfmfrgnfs jlefrfmtfs jlm egnngzdls jlrrfjtls

ccc.

Kfalstrgr, l vfrcocjgr y bustcocjgr, fstgs bustcocjgr, fstgs rfdngs dfmfrgnfs

Mltg2  Vmg tgrfg sf jlmsckfrg kfagscgkl ducgkg sc ml pfractf g nls gnuamls sfnfjjclmgr umg tãjmcjg kf Mltg2  rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags0 fm tgnfs jgsls, nls gnuamls kfn qucmtl g÷l plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ;. Ml listgmtf, nls prlofslrfs kfifm prlplrjclmgr suocjcfmtfs cmstrujjclmfs pgrg quf tlkls nls gnuamls pufkgm cmcjcgr ng cmvfstcdgjcúm. Fm fn qucmtl g÷l, nls gnuamls quf kfsjrcigm umg rfdng dfmfrgn kf gjufrkl jlm egnngzdls cmjlrrfjtls plkrçm gnjgmzgr jlal açxcal fn mcvfn kf nldrl ?, scfaprf y jugmkl fstg rfdng plsfg um mcvfn kf jlapnfbckgk fqucvgnfmtf.

Jrctfrcl J2 Jlaumcjgjcúm Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn qucmtl g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr nfmdugbf nfmdugbf agtfaç agtfaçtcjl tcjl gprlpcgkl gprlpcgkl (mltgjcúm (mltgjcúm,, sáailnls sáailnls y tfracmlnl tfracmlnldág) dág) fm fxpncjg fxpncjgjclmf jclmfss tgmtl tgmtl lrgnfs jlal fsjrctgs

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg prfsfmtgr prfsfmtgr cmolragjcú cmolragjcúm m

;?

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 qucmtl g÷l

ccc.

Jgaicgr Jgaicgr kf kf umgs umgs oolrags lrags kf rfprfs rfprfsfmtgj fmtgjcúm cúm agtfaç agtfaçtcjg tcjg g ltrgs ltrgs

cv.

Jlaumcjgr Jlaumcjgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzlmgac rgzlmgacfmtl fmtl agtfaçt agtfaçtcjl cjl jlapnf jlapnftgs, tgs, jlefrf jlefrfmtfs mtfs y jlmjc jlmjcsgs sgs

v.

Lrd Lrdgmc gmczgr zgr cmol cmolrag ragjcú jcúm m fapnfgm fapnfgmkl kl umg umg fst fstruj rujtur turgg núdcjg núdcjg Mcvfn kf kf nl nldrl 8 7‚9

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Kfsjrcptlr kf kf mc mcvfn ml gnjgmzg Fn gnuaml ml  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsg Vsgr nfm nfmd dug ugbbf agt agtfa façt çtccjl ncactgkl

cc.

olrags kf ncactgkgs pgrg Vsgr olrags  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg ncactgkgs  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm

ccc. ccc.

Jlaumc Jlaumcjgr jgr námfgs námfgs kf rgzl rgzlmga mgacfm cfmtl tl quf quf slm slm kcoájcnfs kf cmtfrprftgr

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr jcfrtl jcfrtl nfmdugbf  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm gkfjugkgafmtf

ccc. ccc.

Jl Jlau aumc mcjg jgrr námfg námfgss kf rgzlm rgzlmga gacf cfmt mtl l jlapnftgs

cv.

Lrdgmczgr cmolragjcúm Lrdgmczgr  cmolragjcúm gkfjugkgafmtf gkfjugkgafmtf fapnfgmkl  fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 mlragnafmtf nfmdugbf c. Vsgr mlragnafmtf  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl cc.

olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg Vsgr mlragnafmtf olrags kf  pgrg prfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm jlrrfjtgafmtf

ccc.

Jgaicgr mlragnafmtf mlragnafmtf kf  kf umgs olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg g ltrgs

cv cv..

Jl Jlau aumc mcjg jgrr námfg námfgss kf rgzl rgzlmg mgac acfm fmtl tl jlapnftgs y jlefrfmtfs

v.

Xrfsfmtgr su trgigbl lrdgmczgkl mlragnafmtf fapnfgmkl Xrfsfmtgr su mlragnafmtf fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Vsgr scstfaçtcjgafmtf scstfaçtcjgafmtf nfmdugbf  nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl gprlpcgkl

cc.

Vsgr olrags olrags kf  kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gprlpcgkgs gprlpcgkgs pgrg  pgrg prfsfmtgr

ccc.

cmolragjcúm jlrrfjtgafmtf kf agmfrg scstfaçtcjg Jgaicgr Jgaicgr kf umgs olrags olrags kf rfprfsfmtg rfprfsfmtgjcúm jcúm agtfaçtcjg agtfaçtcjg g lt ltrgs rgs focjgzafmtf

cv cv..

Jl Jlau aumc mcjg jgrr námfg námfgss kf rgzl rgzlmg mgac acfm fmtl tl jlapnftgs, jlefrfmtfs y jlmjcsgs

v.

Xrfsfmtgr su trgigbl lrdgmczgkl scstfaçtcjgafmtf fapnfgmkl Xrfsfmtgr su scstfaçtcjgafmtf fapnfgmkl umg fstrujturg núdcjg

Jrctfrcl K2 Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn Açxcal2 5 Gn ocmgn kfn qucmtl g÷l, fn gnuaml kfifrç sfr jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfmtc Ckfmtcocj ocjgr gr ffnfa nfafmt fmtls ls pfrt pfrtcmf cmfmtf mtfss kf ssctu ctugjc gjclmf lmfss kf ng ng vc vckg kg rfgn rfgn

cc.

Zfnfj Zfnfjjclmg jclmgrr fstrgtfdc fstrgtfdcgs gs agt agtfaçtc façtcjgs jgs gprlpc gprlpcgkgs gkgs pgrg pgrg rfslnv rfslnvfr fr sct sctugjcl ugjclmfs mfs kf ng ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr kfickgafm kfickgafmtf tf ngs fstrgtfd fstrgtfdcgs cgs agtfaçtc agtfaçtcjgs jgs sfnfjjc sfnfjjclmgk lmgkgs gs pgrg nnfdgr nnfdgr g umg umg slnujcúm slnujcúm

cv.

Bustco Bustcocjg cjgrr fn drgkl drgkl kf kf prfjcs prfjcscúm cúm kf kf umg sslnu lnujcú jcúm m

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

;4

 

Jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm kf Agtfaçtcjgs2 qucmtl g÷l

v.

Bustc Bustcocjg ocjgrr sc umg umg slnujcú slnujcúm m tcfmf tcfmf sfmtckl sfmtckl fm fm fn jlmtfx jlmtfxtl tl kf ng sctugjcú sctugjcúm m kf ng ng vckg rfgn Mcvfn kf nldr drl l 8 7‚9

Kfsjrc rcpt ptl lr kf mcvfn Fn gnuaml ml ml gnjgmzg  gnjgmzg mcmduml kf nls mcvfnfs fspfjcocjgkls plr nls kfsjrcptlrfs quf ocdurgm g jlmtcmugjcúm. Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c. cc. cc.

:‚;

6‚?

4‚5

Ckfmtcocjgr gndumls gndumls fnfafmtls  fnfafmtls kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn Gp Gpncncjg jgrr fstr fstrgt gtfd fdcg cgss agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss pgrg pgrg egnngr umg slnujcúm g slnujcúm g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn, gumquf kf alkl pljl focjgz

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjg jgrr nls nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc.

focjgjcg fstrgtfdcgs agtfaçtcjgs gkfjugkgs gkfjugkgs pgrg Zfnfjjclmgr jlm jcfrtg focjgjcg fstrgtfdcgs  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc. ccc.

Gpn Gpncjg cjgrr fstr fstrgtf gtfdcg dcgss agtf agtfaçt açtcjg cjgss p pgrg grg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm g slnujcúm g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Kcsjutcr sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg Kcsjutcr sc rfgn

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c. cc. cc.

Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjg jgrr nls nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs pfrtcmfmtfs kf  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gkfjugkgs gkfjugkgs pgrg  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr ngs fstrgtfdcg fstrgtfdcgss agtfaç agtfaçtcjgs tcjgs sfnfj sfnfjjclm jclmgkgs gkgs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm vçnckg g vçnckg g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Fxpncjgr fn Fxpncjgr  fn drgkl kf prfjcscúm kf ng slnujcúm

v.

Fxpncjgr sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg Fxpncjgr sc rfgn

Fn gnuaml fs jgpgz kf2 c.

pfrtcmfmtfs kf Ckfm Ckfmtc tcoc ocjg jgrr nls nls fn fnfa fafm fmtl tlss pfrtcmfmtfs  kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cc. cc.

gprlpcgkgs pgrg Zf Zfnf nfjj jjcl clmg mgrr fstrg fstrgtf tfdc dcgs gs agtf agtfaç açtc tcjg jgss gprlpcgkgs  pgrg alkfnczgr ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

ccc.

Gpncjgr Gpncjgr ngs fstrgtfdcg fstrgtfdcgss agtfaç agtfaçtcjgs tcjgs sfnfj sfnfjjclm jclmgkgs gkgs pgrg nnfdgr g umg slnujcúm jlrrfjtg g jlrrfjtg g ng sctugjcúm kf ng vckg rfgn

cv.

Bustcocjgr fn Bustcocjgr  fn drgkl kf prfjcscúm kf ng slnujcúm

v.

Bustcocjgr sc ng slnujcúm tcfmf sfmtckl fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm kf ng Bustcocjgr sc vckg rfgn

;5

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fn jurrájunl fvgnugkl

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

Nls gnuamls quf kfsffm litfmfr rfsuntgkls kf nls jursls kfn XGC kfn CI,  CI,   fspfjáocjgafmtf nls kf Agtfaçtcjgs, kfifm rfgnczgr um fxgafm fm pgmtgnng fm fn quf kfaufstrfm egifr juapnckl nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kfn drupl kf gscdmgturgs. Nls rfsuntgkls sgtcsogjtlrcls pufkfm jlmtrciucr g ng litfmjcúm kfn jfrtcocjgkl kfn XGC kfn CI plr pgrtf kf nls gnuamls. Nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng lpjclmgnfs kf Agtfaçtcjgs sf fngilrgm jlm ng ckfg kf quf nls gnuamls egm fstukcgkl fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn dfmfrgn) l Agtfaçtcjgs (mcvfn gvgmzgkl). Fstg vfrcocjgjcúm kfn gprfmkczgbf dgrgmtczg ng gpncjgjcúm jlefrfmtf kf fstçmkgrfs gkfjugkls.

Alkfnl kf fxgafm kf Agtfaçtcjgs Nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng kfn XGC sf jlmstruyfm jlal umg sfrcf kf tgrfgs quf aufstrgm, scaungm l rfpncjgm prçjtcjgs kf fvgnugjcúm cmtfrmg. Ngs fvgnugjclmfs scdufm umg fstrujturg gjlrkgkg quf lorfjf um agrjl jngrl pgrg fn kfsgrrlnnl kf jgkg fxgafm. Ng kcstrciujcúm kf nls pumtls fm jgkg fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg pufkf vgrcgr, jlal açxcal, fm trfs pumtls jlm rfspfjtl g ng quf ocdurg fm fn alkfnl kf fxgafm. Jlal pgrtf kf um alkfnl kf fvgnugjcúm ãtcjl, fstls alkfnls kf fvgnugjcúm gsfdurgm ng jlefrfmjcg y ng trgmspgrfmjcg, y dgrgmtczgm um fmolquf fqucncirgkl pgrg afkcr nls nldrls kf nls gnuamls fm rfngjcúm jlm nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kfn XGC. Nls alkfnls kf fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng kfn XGC kljuafmtgm ng fstrfjeg jlmfxcúm kf ng fvgnugjcúm g drgm fsjgng jlm nls libftcvls fspfjáocjls kf nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs, ngs gjtcvckgkfs kf gprfmkczgbf fm jngsf y nls rcdurlsls rfqucsctls kf fvgnugjcúm cmtfrmg. Fstls alkfnls pfractfm g kljfmtfs y gnuamls rfvcsgr ng mgturgnfzg y fn prlpúsctl kf ng fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC. Lorfjfm um rfjursl caplrtgmtf pgrg gyukgr g nls gnuamls g prfpgrgrsf pgrg nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng y jfmtrgm ng gtfmjcúm fm nls jrctfrcls kf nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs y ngs fstrgtfdcgs kf fvgnugjcúm kf jgkg drupl kf gscdmgturgs.

Cmolragjcúm dfmfrgn Ng tging scducfmtf cnustrg júal sf fstrujturgm nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng kf Agtfaçtcjgs. [grfg

Xumtls

Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm

:7-:6*

Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn

:7-:6*

Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs

:7-:6

Xrcmjcpgnfs jrctfrcls

Xumtls kf jgkg

fvgnugkls

jrctfrcl

G

96

J

?-78*

K

96

J

?-78*

I

96

J

?-78

788 *[ãmdgsf fm jufmtg quf fn jrctfrcl J sf fvgnòg kfn acsal alkl fm tlkgs ngs tgrfgs, jlm umg pumtugjcúm tltgn kf 96 pumtls.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

;3

 

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

Oufmtfs, efrrgacfmtgs y tgrfgs pgrg nls fxçafmfs Oufmtfs Fm jgkg fvgnugjcúm sf prfsfmtgrçm kcvfrsgs oufmtfs, quf pufkfm cmjnucr nl scducfmtf2 •

Gmcagjclmfs

• •

[gings kf kgtls Drçocjls

•

Zcaungjclmfs

•

Caçdfmfs fs fstçtcjgs

•

_ckfls

Efrrgacfmtgs Egirç kcvfrsgs efrrgacfmtgs kf rfspufstg kcsplmcinfs pgrg nls gnuamls, cmjnuyfmkl, fmtrf ltrgs, umg jgnjungklrg fm námfg, um cmstruafmtl kf afkcjcúm, ncfmzls kf kciubl, um ncfmzl kf agtfaçtcjgs, um trgzgklr kf drçocjls y umg efrrgacfmtg kf kciubl kf tgings.

[grfgs Jlmljcacfmtl y jlaprfmscúm Fm ng prcafrg tgrfg sf fvgnògm fn jlmljcacfmtl y ng jlaprfmscúm quf tcfmfm nls gnuamls kf Agtfaçtcjgs0 ml listgmtf, pufkfm ltlrdgrsf pumtls plr nls ltrls jrctfrcls jugmkl sfg gkfjugkl g ngs egicnckgkfs usgkgs pgrg rfsplmkfr umg prfdumtg. Xlr fbfapnl, umg prfdumtg fm ng quf sf fvgnòf fn jlmljcacfmtl y ng jlaprfmscúm pufkf tgaicãm rfqufrcr quf nls gnuamls jgaicfm fmtrf kcofrfmtfs olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg.

Gpncjgjcúm kf ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm jlmtfxtls kf ng vckg rfgn Fm ng sfdumkg tgrfg sf fvgnòg ng jgpgjckgk kf nls gnuamls pgrg gpncjgr ngs agtfaçtcjgs fm um jlmtfxtl kf ng vckg rfgn, quf mlragnafmtf fstç jlmfjtgkl jlm fn jlmtfxtl dnlign kf ng jlmvljgtlrcg kf fxçafmfs. Xufkf pfkcrsf g nls gnuamls quf fngilrfm trgigbls kf rfkgjjcúm pgrg fvgnugr y bustcocjgr ng vgnckfz kf nls alkfnls agtfaçtcjls.

Cmvfstcdgjcúm kf pgtrlmfs Fm òntcagcmjnucrçm tgrfg sf um fvgnògm egicnckgkfs kf cmvfstcdgjcúm fm agtfaçtcjgs. kf fstgng tgrfg agylrngsmcvfn kf gmkgacgbf kfn quf sfrág gkfjugkl fmNgs fn prfdumtgs gung, pgrg gistrgjtgs pfractcr quf gnuamls jlm kcofrfmtfs gptctukfs pufkgm gjjfkfr g ng tgrfg.

Jlmvfmjclmfs kf nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC [fracmlnldág, mltgjcúm y sáailnls fstgmkgrczgkls pgrg Agtfaçtcjgs Ngs fvgnugjclmfs fnfjtrúmcjgs kfn XGC utcnczgm ngs mlrags gklptgkgs plr fn CI kf um scstfag kf mltgjcúm igsgkl fm CZL 58888 (Lrdgmczgjcúm Cmtfrmgjclmgn kf Mlragnczgjcúm, 9883). Nls gnuamls kfifrçm rfjlmljfr fstg mltgjcúm fm Agtfaçtcjgs, y nls kljfmtfs kfifrçm cmjnucrng jlal pgrtf rfdungr kf nls jursls kfn XGC fm fstls drupls kf gscdmgturgs, sfdòm jlrrfsplmkg. Fm nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng egy umg igrrg kf efrrgacfmtgs jlm sáailnls, umckgkfs y fjugjclmfs, sfdòm jlrrfsplmkg, pgrg gsfdurgr fn usl jlefrfmtf y umg jlaumcjgjcúm agtfaçtcjg gutãmtcjg gkfjugkg g ng

68

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

fkgk. Zc umg prfdumtg kf fxgafm rfqucfrf sáailnls l mltgjclmfs gkcjclmgnfs, fstls sfrçm kfocmckls y fxpncjgkls fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng tgrfg jlrrfsplmkcfmtf. Nls gnuamls kfifrçm usgr scfaprf ng mltgjcúm agtfaçtcjg jlrrfjtg, ml ng kf ngs jgnjungklrgs. Kfifrçm fstgr ogacncgrczgkls jlm ng mltgjcúm jcfmtáocjg, tgaicãm jlmljckg jlal olrag fstçmkgr, kf ng scducfmtf agmfrg2 ` 

 ∅ Å g Ô 78 , klmkf 7 ≫  g  ≫ 78 y `  ∅

Ngs rfspufstgs rfqufrcrçm um usl gkfjugkl kf jcorgs l kfjcagnfs scdmcocjgtcvls, sfdòm ngs fxcdfmjcgs kf ng prfdumtg. G afmls quf sf cmkcquf nl jlmtrgrcl, ngs rfspufstgs ocmgnfs kfifrçm kgrsf jlrrfjtgafmtf jlm trfs jcorgs scdmcocjgtcvgs. Ng fstcagjcúm kfifrç jlapnftgrsf afkcgmtf rfklmkfl0 ml sf rfjlapfmsgrç fn trumjgacfmtl. Kfif egifr um usl jlrrfjtl kf suiámkcjfs y supfrámkcjfs fm tlkls nls jlmtfxtls agtfaçtcjls pfrtcmfmtfs. Jugmkl sf mfjfsctfm sáailnls almftgrcls fspfjáocjls, sf cmjnucrçm jlal iltúm fm ng igrrg kf efrrgacfmtgs. Ng ncstg scducfmtf ml fs um rfqucsctl jurrcjungr gkcjclmgn g nls quf jlmtcfmf fn agrjl dfmfrgn kf Agtfaçtcjgs kfn XGC puincjgkl fm fstg duág. Açs icfm, nls sáailnls quf egy g jlmtcmugjcúm kfsjrcifm fn umcvfrsl kf sáailnls agtfaçtcjls quf plkrágm usgrsf fm prfdumtgs pfrtcmfmtfs y nls sáailnls quf fstgrçm kcsplmcinfs pgrg fn usl kf nls gnuamls fm sus rfspufstgs. Lorfjfm umg jlmvfmjcúm kf jlaumcjgjcúm jlapgrtckg jlaòm pgrg ng fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC. [ging 4 

Záailnls fstgmkgrczgkls

Záailnl

Zcdmcocjgkl

№

Jlmbumtl kf nls mòafrls fmtfrls plsctcvls y fn jfrl {8,   7,   9,   :  . . .}

Å

Jlmbumtl kf nls mòafrls fmtfrls {8,   · 7,   · 9,   · :   . . .}

ℒ

Jlmbumtl kf nls mòafrls rgjclmgnfs

ℑ

Jlmbumtl kf nls mòafrls rfgnfs

+

Açs

∙

Afmls

·

Açs l afmls

gÔi

g auntcpncjgkl plr i

Mltg2 [gaicãm sf gjfptg g ´ i (pumtl afkcl gntl) gi

Ml sf gjfptg2 g   i g

Kcvckckl plr

i

Mltg2 [gaicãm sf gjfptg g Ô i∙7

g/ i 1

Fs cdugn g

≨

Ml fs cdugn g

≧

Fs ckãmtcjl g

󲀯

Fs gprlxcagkgafmtf cdugn g

~

Fs prlplrjclmgn g

>

Afmlr quf

≫

Afmlr l cdugn quf

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

Záailnl

Zcdmcocjgkl

=

Agylr quf

≦

Agylr l cdugn quf

∝

Cmocmctl

8 . 5˓ 7˓

Kfjcagn pfrcúkcjl, fm fn quf fn pumtl gpgrfjf slirf fn prcafr y fn òntcal muafrgn

∩ GIJ 

quf sf rfpctfm Çmdunl fm fn vfrtcjf  I kfn trcçmdunl  GIJ  1 ∩JIG Mltg2 Fn çmdunl ml fstç lrcfmtgkl0 slstcfmf quf ∩ GIJ   1

¯  GI

Zfdafmtl kf námfg kf G g I

⇈

_fjtlr kf G g I

 GI g

_fjtlr g Mltg2 Xgrg cmkcjgr um vfjtlr, pufkf usgrsf umg onfjeg slirf fn sáailnl kf ng nftrg fm g vfz kf mfdrctg ⇈

g´ i

Xrlkujtl cmtfrclr kf g y i Mltg2 Kfif fstgr fm mfdrctg pgrg kcstcmducrnl kf ng auntcpncjgjcúm scapnf

 Ϊ 

∗mc 1 7gc  

Zcdag, suag kf g7 + g9 + . . . . + gm

suag kf g7, g9, . . . ., gm g p

g fnfvgkl g ng pltfmjcg kf p

Mltg2 Ml sf gjfptgrç fn usl kf ng tfracmlnldág kf jgnjungklrg ∤ g

Ygáz jugkrgkg 7

Mltg2 g 9 tgaicãm sf gjfptgrç m

g

Ygáz m-ãscag (fmãscag) kf g Mltg2 Zc fn sáailnl sf fmjufmtrg fm umg fxprfscúm jlapufstg, kfifm usgrsf pgrãmtfscs l jlrjeftfs pgrg fvctgr ng gaicdþfkgk 7m

[gaicãm sf gjfptg g  U  ¯

ϊ

_gnlr afkcl kf x  Kfsvcgjcúm tápcjg

g

_gnlr gislnutl kf g [gaicãm2 agdmctuk kfn vfjtlr

 o ,   d,   e   󲀯

Oumjclmfs, alkfnls, plr fbfapnl,  o x   1 Mltg2 y  1 tgaicãm sf gjfptg klmkf ml fstã kcjtgkl plr um fstáaunl l prfdumtg

 o  ,   d∙7

Oumjclmfs cmvfrsgs

d ∕   o 

Oumjcúm jlapufstg

∙7

Mltg2 d ∕   o x   1  d o x f nld9   x nm   x ψ

Igsf kfn nldgrctal mgturgn Nldgrctal fm igsf 9 kf um grduafmtl x Nldgrctal mgturgn kf x Xc, rfngjcúm fmtrf ng nlmdctuk kf umg jcrjumofrfmjcg y su kcçaftrl

67

69

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

Záailnl

Zcdmcocjgkl

sfm   x jls   x

Zfml kf x, jlsfml kf x, tgmdfmtf kf x

tgm   x

Mltg2 Zf gjfptgrçm grjlsfml, ftj., pfrl ml sf lorfjfm fm ng jgnjungklrg l ng igrrg kf efrrgacfmtgs

sfm∙7  x

Oumjclmfs cmvfrsgs kf ngs gmtfrclrfs

jls∙7  x tgm∙7  x ∅

Fs um fnfafmtl kf/pfrtfmfjf g

∃

Ml fs um fnfafmtl kf/ml pfrtfmfjf g

∆

Jlmbumtl vgjál

m  G

Mòafrl kf fnfafmtls quf egy fm fn jlmbumtl ocmctl G

V

Jlmbumtl umcvfrsgn

∢

Vmcúm

∣

Cmtfrsfjjcúm

⊉

Fs um suijlmbumtl prlpcl kf

⊏

Fs um suijlmbumtl kf/fstç jlmtfmckl fm

 G‹

Fn jlapnfafmtl kfn jlmbumtl  G

Kfsjrcptlrfs kf jgncocjgjclmfs ocmgnfs fspfjáocjls kf Agtfaçtcjgs Nls kfsjrcptlrfs kf jgncocjgjclmfs ocmgnfs fspfjáocjls kf jgkg gscdmgturg scrvfm jlal rfofrfmjcg caplrtgmtf fm fn prljfsl kf fvgnugjcúm. [rgs um acmujclsl gmçncscs kf nls jrctfrcls kf nls drupls kf gscdmgturgs y nls kfsjrcptlrfs dfmfrgnfs kf jgncocjgjclmfs ocmgnfs, sf egm rfkgjtgkl pgrg rfonfbgr y kfsjrcicr fm um òmcjl kfsjrcptlr fn kfsfapf÷l kf nls gnuamls fm jgkg jgncocjgjcúm kf jgkg drupl kf gscdmgturgs kfn XGC. Nls prlofslrfs kfifm fmvcgr ngs jgncocjgjclmfs prfvcstgs pgrg jgkg gscdmgturg quf sf fvgnòf jlm um fxgafm fm pgmtgnng. Xgrg fnnl, egm kf tfmfr fm jufmtg ng fvgnugjcúm kf nls gnuamls kurgmtf fn jugrtl g÷l y ng prcafrg pgrtf kfn qucmtl g÷l kfn XGC, gsá jlal su kfsgrrlnnl gjgkãacjl suiscducfmtf. Jlm fstls ogjtlrfs jlal pumtl kf pgrtckg, kfifm prfkfjcr fn rfsuntgkl kf ng fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kf sus gnuamls fm rfngjcúm jlm nls kfsjrcptlrfs kf jgncocjgjclmfs ocmgnfs fspfjáocjls kf ng gscdmgturg fm jufstcúm. Fstg prfkcjjcúm gyukg gn CI g jlaprligr ng jlefrfmjcg fmtrf ngs fxpfjtgtcvgs kf nls prlofslrfs y fn rfsuntgkl kf ng fvgnugjcúm kfn CI jlm libftl kf jrfgr umg fstrgtfdcg oumkgafmtgn pgrg dgrgmtczgr umls rfsuntgkls ocginfs. Nls kfsjrcptlrfs kf jgncocjgjclmfs ocmgnfs fspfjáocjls kf jgkg gscdmgturg slm tgaicãm ng prcmjcpgn rfofrfmjcg utcnczgkg pgrg sfnfjjclmgr nls náactfs kf jgncocjgjcúm kf jgkg kcsjcpncmg fm jgkg jlmvljgtlrcg kf fvgnugjcúm. Kurgmtf fstf prljfsl, fn fqucpl kf jlmjfscúm kf jgncocjgjclmfs jlapgrg fn kfsfapf÷l kf nls gnuamls jlm nls kfsjrcptlrfs kf nldrl fm ngs jgncocjgjclmfs 9 y :0 : y ;0 y ? y 4 (ltrls náactfs sf fstginfjfm g cmtfrvgnls cdugnfs fmtrf fstgs trgmscjclmfs jngvf). Fn prljfsl kf jlmjfscúm kf jgncocjgjclmfs pufkf jlapfmsgr ngs vgrcgjclmfs kf kcocjuntgk fmtrf nls fxçafmfs y fm nls fstçmkgrfs gpncjgkls fm ng jlrrfjjcúm (fmtrf gscdmgturgs y fmtrf kcofrfmtfs jlmvljgtlrcgs fm umg acsag gscdmgturg) afkcgmtf fn fstginfjcacfmtl kf náactfs kf jgncocjgjcúm pgrg jgkg kcsjcpncmg y jlmvljgtlrcg kf fxçafmfs, jlm rfspfjtl gn trgigbl rfgn kf nls gnuamls. Nls kfsjrcptlrfs kf jgncocjgjclmfs fspfjáocjls kf jgkg gscdmgturg vcmjungm ng fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg jlm ng fvgnugjcúm igsgkg fm jrctfrcls y jlm nls jrctfrcls kf fvgnugjcúm y kfsjrcptlrfs kf mcvfn kfn XGC. Kf fstg agmfrg, sf plmf fm prçjtcjg ng ocnlsloág kf fvgnugjcúm igsgkg fm jrctfrcls kfn prldrgag.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

6:

 

Fvgnugjcúm fnfjtrúmcjg kfn XGC

Jg Jgnc ncoc ocjg jgjc jcúm úm

Kfsj Kf sjrc rcpt ptlr lr kf mc mcvf vfnn

7

Fn gn gnua uaml ml pr prlk lkuj ujff ttrg rgig igbl blss kf kf auy auy fsjg fsjgsg sg jgnc jgnckg kgk. k. [r [rgm gmsa sact ctff auje aujels ls fr frrl rlrf rfss kf kf jlaprfmscúm caplrtgmtfs l ml jlaprfmkf ng agylrág kf nls jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls. Auy pljgs vfjfs kfaufstrg cmkcjcls kf pfmsgacfmtl agtfaçtcjl. Fs auy cmonfxcinf, pljgs vfjfs aufstrg cmkcjcls kf jlmljcacfmtls l egicnckgkfs.

9

Fn gn gnua uaml ml prlk prlkuj ujff tr trgi gigb gbls ls agtf agtfaç açtc tcjl jlss kf fs fsjg jgsg sg jgnc jgnckg kgk. k. Jl Jlau aumc mcjg jg um umgg jlap jlaprf rfms mscú cúm m ncactgkg kf gndumls jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls. Kfaufstrg pljls cmkcjcls kf um pfmsgacfmtl agtfaçtcjl. Egy pljls cmkcjcls kf trgmsofrfmjcg kf jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls y kf gpncjgjcúm kf egicnckgkfs.

:

Fn gn gnua uaml ml pr prlk lkuj ujff ttrg rgig igbl blss agt agtfa façt çtcj cjls ls kf umg umg jgn jgnck ckgk gk gjfp gjfptg tgin inf. f. Jlau Jlaumc mcjg jg umg umg jlaprfmscúm içscjg kf aujels jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls, y g vfjfs kg aufstrgs kf umg gpncjgjcúm gkfjugkg kf ngs tãjmcjgs y nls tãracmls agtfaçtcjls, jlm gndumgs jgrfmjcgs l frrlrfs kf jlaprfmscúm caplrtgmtfs. Jlacfmzg g kfalstrgr fm jcfrtg afkckg um pfmsgacfmtl gmgnátcjl g ng elrg kf rfslnvfr prlinfags y rfgnczgr cmvfstcdgjclmfs. Jlacfmzg g trgmsofrcr jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls y g gpncjgr egicnckgkfs, y mfjfsctg gplyl cmjnusl fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs fm fn gung.

;

Fn gn gnua uaml ml prlk prlkuj ujff tr trgi gigb gbls ls agtf agtfaç açtc tcjl jlss kf iufm iufmgg jgnc jgnckg kgk. k. Jl Jlau aumc mcjg jg um umgg jlap jlaprf rfms mscú cúm m içscjg kf ng agylrág kf nls jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls, y kg aufstrgs kf umg gpncjgjcúm gkfjugkg kf ngs tãjmcjgs y nls tãracmls agtfaçtcjls, jlm pljls frrlrfs kf jlaprfmscúm y jgrfmjcgs kf jlaprfmscúm afmlrfs. G afmukl kfaufstrg um pfmsgacfmtl gmgnátcjl g ng elrg kf rfslnvfr prlinfags y rfgnczgr cmvfstcdgjclmfs. [rgmsocfrf gndumls jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls y gpncjg egicnckgkfs fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs fm fn gung, pfrl mfjfsctg gplyl fm ngs sctugjclmfs kfsjlmljckgs. kfsjlmljckgs.

6

Fn gn gnua uaml ml prl prlku kujf jf trgi trgigb gbls ls agtf agtfaç açtc tcjl jlss q quf uf dfm dfmfr frgn gnaf afmt mtff slm slm k kff fnfv fnfvgk gkgg jgn jgnck ckgk gk.. Jlaumcjg umg iufmg jlaprfmscúm kf nls jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls, y kfaufstrg umg gpncjgjcúm jlapftfmtf kf ngs tãjmcjgs y nls tãracmls agtfaçtcjls. Kfaufstrg um pfmsgacfmtl gmgnátcjl y prljfsls núdcjls, g vfjfs jlm slocstcjgjcúm, g ng elrg kf rfslnvfr prlinfags y rfgnczgr cmvfstcdgjclmfs. Dfmfrgnafmtf trgmsocfrf jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls y gpncjg egicnckgkfs jlm jcfrtg cmkfpfmkfmjcg fm sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs, tgmtl fm fn gung jlal fm fn aumkl rfgn.

?

Fn gn gnua uaml ml pr prlk lkuj ujff trg trgig igbl blss agt agtfa façt çtcj cjls ls kf fn fnfv fvgk gkgg jgn jgnck ckgk gk qu quff g vf vfjf jfss sslm lm pfrspcjgjfs. Jlaumcjg umg jlaprfmscúm gapncg kf nls jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls, y kfaufstrg umg gpncjgjcúm jlapftfmtf kf ngs tãjmcjgs y nls tãracmls agtfaçtcjls. Kfaufstrg um pfmsgacfmtl gmgnátcjl y prljfsls núdcjls, orfjufmtfafmtf jlm slocstcjgjcúm, g ng elrg kf rfslnvfr prlinfags y rfgnczgr cmvfstcdgjclmfs. [rgmsocfrf jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls y gpncjg egicnckgkfs, g afmukl jlm cmkfpfmkfmjcg, fm kcvfrsgs sctugjclmfs jlmljckgs y kfsjlmljckgs, kfsjlmljckgs, tgmtl fm fn gung jlal fm fn aumkl rfgn.

4

Fn gn gnua uaml ml pr prlk lkuj ujff ttrg rgig igbl blss kf kf fnfv fnfvgk gkgg jgn jgnck ckgk gk fm nl nlss quf quf ngs ngs a agt gtfa façt çtcj cjgs gs sufn sufnfm fm fapnfgrsf jlm pfrspcjgjcg. Jlaumcjg umg jlaprfmscúm fxegustcvg y prloumkg kf nls jlmjfptls y jlmtfxtls, y kfaufstrg umg gpncjgjcúm jlapftfmtf kf ngs tãjmcjgs y nls tãracmls agtfaçtcjls. Kfaufstrg fm tlkl alafmtl um pfmsgacfmtl gmgnátcjl y prljfsls núdcjls slocstcjgkls slocstcjgkls g ng elrg kf rfslnvfr prlinfags y rfgnczgr cmvfstcdgjclmfs. Jlm orfjufmjcg trgmsocfrf jlmljcacfmtls agtfaçtcjls y gpncjg egicnckgkfs jlm cmkfpfmkfmjcg y kfstrfzg fm kcvfrsgs sctugjclmfs jlapnfbgs, tgmtl fm fn gung jlal fm fn aumkl rfgn.

6;

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Gpãmkcjfs

Jlmjfptls rfngjclmgkls kf Agtfaçtcjgs

Jlmjfptl rfngjclmgkl

Kfocmcjcúm

Gprlxcagjcúm

Vmg jgmtckgk l umg rfprfsfmtgjcúm quf fs jgsc jlrrfjtg, pfrl ml fxgjtg.

Jgaicl

_grcgjcúm kf tgag÷l, jgmtckgk l jlaplrtgacfmtl.

Jgmtckgk

Jugmtág l mòafrl.

Fqucvgnfmjcg

Jgnckgk kf ckãmtcjl l cmtfrjgaicginf, gpncjgkg g fmumjcgkls, jgmtckgkfs l fxprfsclmfs.

Fspgjcl

Agrjl kf kcafmsclmfs dflaãtrcjgs quf kfsjrcif umg fmtckgk.

Dfmfrgnczgjcúm

Fmumjcgkl dfmfrgn olraungkl slirf ng igsf kf fbfapnls fspfjáocjls.

Alkfnls

Yfprfsfmtgjclmfs kf sujfsls kf ng vckg rfgn afkcgmtf fxprfsclmfs, fjugjclmfs l drçocjls.

Xgtrlmfs

Jlmbumtls kf mòafrls u libftls quf scdufm um lrkfm l umg rfdng jlmjrftls.

Yfprfsfmtgjcúm

Agmfrg fm quf sf prfsfmtg gndl.

Zcapncocjgjcúm

Xrljfsl kf rfkujjcúm g umg olrag açs sfmjcnng.

Zcstfags

Drupls kf fnfafmtls cmtfrrfngjclmgkls.

_gnckfz

Vtcnczgjcúm kf agtfaçtcjgs núdcjgs y icfm oumkgafmtgkgs pgrg nnfdgr g umg jlmjnuscúm jcfrtg y prfjcsg l g umg cmtfrprftgjcúm rgzlmginf kf rfsuntgkls.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

66

 

Gpãmkcjfs

Dnlsgrcl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

[ãracml

Kfocmcjcúm

Zctugjcúm kf ng vckg Zctugjcúm pfrtcmfmtf, scdmcocjgtcvg y igsgkg fm ng rfgnckgk. rfgn Xrlinfag quf Xrlinfag kf drgm jlapnfbckgk quf rfqucfrf quf nls gnuamls tfmdgm pfrspcjgjcg pngmtfg um kfsgoál pgrg usgr nls jlmljcacfmtls l egicnckgkfs agtfaçtcjls fmsf÷gkls. Jlaumcjgr

Fxprfsgrsf kf umg agmfrg quf rfsuntf jngrg y oçjcn kf fmtfmkfr. [rgmsactcr cmolragjcúm slirf fn cmtfrjgaicl kf ckfgs, afmsgbfs l kgtls, plr fbfapnl, lrgnafmtf, afkcgmtf sf÷gnfs, plr fsjrctl l jlm fn jlaplrtgacfmtl.

Jlmtfxtl

Fmtlrml fm fn quf fn prlinfag fstç pngmtfgkl.

Zctugjcúm jlmljckg Xrlinfag scacngr g ltrls quf nls gnuamls yg egm vcstl jlm gmtfrclrckgk fm fn quf tcfmfm quf utcnczgr nls jlmljcacfmtls l ngs egicnckgkfs quf egm gkqucrckl. Olrag

Fstf jlmjfptl sf rfocfrf g ng jlaprfmscúm kf quf ng fstrujturg suiygjfmtf y ng jlmocdurgjcúm kf umg fmtckgk sf kcstcmdufm plr sus prlpcfkgkfs. Ng olrag lorfjf g nls gnuamls lplrtumckgkfs kf gprfjcgr ng mgturgnfzg fstãtcjg kf nls jlmstrujtls utcnczgkls fm ngs agtfaçtcjgs.

Olrags kf rfprfsfmtgjcúm agtfaçtcjg

Xgngirgs, oúraungs, kcgdrgags, tgings, jugkrls, drçocjls y alkfnls utcnczgkls pgrg rfprfsfmtgr cmolragjcúm agtfaçtcjg.

Cmvfstcdgjcúm

[grfg fm ng quf, fm kcstcmtls drgkls, sf ircmkgm lplrtumckgkfs g nls gnuamls pgrg pngmtfgr prfdumtgs, sfnfjjclmgr tãjmcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags, kfsjuircr pgtrlmfs, egjfr dfmfrgnczgjclmfs y jlaumcjgr sus egnngzdls.

Bustcocjgjcúm

Ygzlmfs l prufigs vçnckgs quf rfspgnkgm ng jlmjnuscúm y fxpncjgm plr quã oumjclmg ng rfdng.

Námfg kf rgzlmgacfmtl

Zfjufmjcg kf pgsls jlmfjtgkls.

Núdcjg

Fs ng efrrgacfmtg içscjg utcnczgkg fm agtfaçtcjgs pgrg fxtrgfr jlmjnusclmfs slirf mòafrls, olrags y vgrcginfs. Ng núdcjg fstrujturg fn prljfsl kf rgzlmgacfmtl afkcgmtf fn jugn sf jlmstruyf fn jlmljcacfmtl. Xfractf g nls gnuamls fvgnugr ng vfrkgk kf ngs jlmjnusclmfs y trgmsofrcr g ltrgs sctugjclmfs nl quf gprfmkfm fm agtfaçtcjgs.

Fstrujturg núdcjg

Lrdgmczgjcúm dfmfrgn kfn trgigbl kfn gnuaml quf fvctg tfmfr quf cr y vfmcr fmtrf fstf y ngs cmstrujjclmfs pgrg ng tgrfg, gsá jlal fmtrf kcstcmtgs pgrtfs kfn trgigbl, pgrg plkfr fmtfmkfr y sfducr su jlmtfmckl.

Nfmdugbf agtfaçtcjl

Vsl kf mltgjcúm, sáailnls, tfracmlnldág y fxpncjgjclmfs vfrignfs.

Xgtrúm

Lrkfm suiygjfmtf, rfdungrckgk l prfkcjtcicnckgk kf nls fnfafmtls kf um scstfag agtfaçtcjl. Ngs jgrgjtfrástcjgs quf sf rfpctfm fm nls pgtrlmfs sf pufkfm ckfmtcocjgr y kfsjrcicr jlal rfngjclmfs l rfdngs dfmfrgnfs.

6?

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

Dnlsgrcl kf Agtfaçtcjgs

[ãracml

Kfocmcjcúm

[ãjmcjgs kf rfslnujcúm kf prlinfags

Fstrgtfdcgs quf usgm nls gnuamls pgrg rfslnvfr prlinfags (plr fbfapnl2 jrfgr umg tging l jugkrl, rfslnvfr um prlinfag açs sfmjcnnl, trgigbgr fm lrkfm cmvfrsl, egjfr um kciubl, egjfr jlmbfturgs y vfrcocjgrngs, ftj.).

Kfalstrgjcúm

Vsl kf umg sfjufmjcg kf pgsls núdcjls pgrg litfmfr fn rfsuntgkl rfqufrckl kf um alkl olragn.

Yfngjclmfs

Fstf jlmjfptl sf rfocfrf g ngs jlmfxclmfs fxcstfmtfs fmtrf jgmtckgkfs, prlpcfkgkfs l jlmjfptls0 fstgs jlmfxclmfs pufkfm fxprfsgrsf fm olrag kf alkfnls, rfdngs l fmumjcgkls. Ngs rfngjclmfs lorfjfm g nls gnuamls lplrtumckgkfs kf fxpnlrgr pgtrlmfs fm fn aumkl quf nls rlkfg.

Gyukg kfn prlofslr Gsfslrgacfmtl quf fn prlofslr kg gn gnuaml pgrg gyukgrnl jlm fnfafmtls kf ng tgrfg (plr fbfapnl, pgrg quf fn gnuaml pufkg jlafmzgr g rfslnvfr fn prlinfag). Alkfnczgr

Yfprfsfmtgr.

Jlaprligr

_frcocjgr sc umg rfdng sf juapnf jlm umg vgrcfkgk kf vgnlrfs.

Zctugjcúm kfsjlmljckg

Jlmtfxtl mufvl fm fn quf nls gnuamls tcfmfm quf usgr nls jlmljcacfmtls l ngs egicnckgkfs quf egm gkqucrckl.

Xrufig kf umckgk

Xrufig kf fxgafm jlapufstg plr egicnckgkfs kf umg slng rgag kfn agrjl dfmfrgn

Zlnujcúm vçnckg

kf Agtfaçtcjgs. Zlnujcúm pnguscinf fm fn jlmtfxtl kf ng sctugjcúm.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

64

 

Gpãmkcjfs

[ãracmls kf cmstrujjcúm kfn XGC fm Agtfaçtcjgs

[ãracml kf cmstrujjcúm

Kfocmcjcúm

Gmltgr

G÷gkcr mltgs irfvfs g um kcgdrgag l drçocjl.

Gpncjgr

Vtcnczgr nls jlmljcacfmtls y ng jlaprfmscúm jlal rfspufstg g umg sctugjcúm kftfracmgkg l g jcrjumstgmjcgs rfgnfs. Vsgr umg ckfg, fjugjcúm, prcmjcpcl, tflrág l nfy fm rfngjcúm jlm um kftfracmgkl prlinfag l tfag. (_ãgsf tgaicãm „Vsgr‑).

Jgnjungr

Litfmfr umg rfspufstg muaãrcjg y alstrgr ngs lpfrgjclmfs pfrtcmfmtfs.

Jlafmtgr

Factcr um bucjcl igsgkl fm um fmumjcgkl kftfracmgkl l fm fn rfsuntgkl kf um jçnjunl.

Kfkujcr

Agmcpungr umg rfngjcúm agtfaçtcjg pgrg litfmfr umg mufvg fjugjcúm l rfngjcúm.

Kfalstrgr

Vtcnczgr umg sfjufmjcg kf pgsls núdcjls pgrg litfmfr fn rfsuntgkl rfqufrckl kf um alkl olragn. l Gjngrgr afkcgmtf rgzlmgacfmtls l kgtls, cnustrgmkl jlm fbfapnls l gpncjgjclmfs prçjtcjgs.

Kfsjrcicr

Fxplmfr kftgnngkgafmtf umg sctugjcúm, fvfmtl, pgtrúm l prljfsl.

Kciubgr Yfprfsfmtgr plr afkcl kf um kcgdrgag l um drçocjl (rltungkls sc oufsf mfjfsgrcl). Fn gprlxcagkgafmtf fsqufag kfifrç kgr umg ckfg dfmfrgn kf ng ocdurg l rfngjcúm quf sf pckf y kfifrç cmjnucr ngs jgrgjtfrástcjgs pfrtcmfmtfs. Kciubgr jlm prfjcscúm

Yfprfsfmtgr g nçpcz plr afkcl kf um kcgdrgag l um drçocjl prfjcsls y rltungkls. Zf kfif utcnczgr ng rfdng pgrg ngs námfgs rfjtgs. Nls kcgdrgags sf kfifm kciubgr g fsjgng. Fm nls drçocjls, jugmkl fn jgsl nl rfqucfrg, nls pumtls kfifm gpgrfjfr jlrrfjtgafmtf agrjgkls y umckls, icfm plr umg námfg rfjtg l plr umg jurvg sugvf.

Kcsjutcr

Xrfsfmtgr umg jrátcjg fqucncirgkg y icfm oumkgafmtgkg quf cmjnuyf umg sfrcf kf grduafmtls, ogjtlrfs l ecpútfscs. Ngs lpcmclmfs l jlmjnusclmfs kfifrçm prfsfmtgrsf kf olrag jngrg y bustcocjgrsf afkcgmtf prufigs gkfjugkgs.

Fngilrgr

Alstrgr cmolragjcúm kf olrag núdcjg l jlm um kcgdrgag.

Fsjrcicr

Litfmfr ng rfspufstg (l rfspufstgs), plr nl dfmfrgn, g pgrtcr kf ng cmolragjcúm quf sf pufkf fxtrgfr. Zf rfqucfrfm pljls jçnjunls l mcmduml, y ml fs mfjfsgrcl alstrgr nls pgsls quf sf egm sfduckl.

Fstcagr

Litfmfr um vgnlr gprlxcagkl kf umg jgmtckgk kfsjlmljckg.

Fxpncjgr

Fxplmfr kftgnngkgafmtf ngs rgzlmfs l jgusgs kf gndl. (_ãgsf tgaicãm „Bustcocjgr‑).

Ckfmtcocjgr

Kgr umg rfspufstg fmtrf um mòafrl kf plscicnckgkfs. Yfjlmljfr f cmkcjgr irfvfafmtf umg jgrgjtfrástcjg l kgtl kcstcmtcvl.

Cmkcjgr

Fspfjcocjgr um mlairf, um vgnlr l jugnqucfr ltrl tcpl kf rfspufstg jlrtg scm gplrtgr

Bustcocjgr

fxpncjgjclmfs mc jçnjunls. Xrlplrjclmgr rgzlmfs l prufigs vçnckgs quf rfspgnkfm umg rfspufstg l jlmjnuscúm. (_ãgsf tgaicãm „Fxpncjgr‑).

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Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

 

[ãracmls kf cmstrujjcúm kfn XGC fm Agtfaçtcjgs

[ãracml kf cmstrujjcúm

Kfocmcjcúm

Afkcr

Litfmfr fn vgnlr kf umg jgmtckgk.

Alstrgr

Cmkcjgr nls pgsls rfgnczgkls fm um jçnjunl l kfkujjcúm.

Lrdgmczgr

Xlmfr ckfgs f cmolragjcúm fm um lrkfm gprlpcgkl l scstfaçtcjl.

Xrfkfjcr Ygstrfgr

Kgr um rfsuntgkl fspfrgkl pgrg umg gjjcúm l fvfmtl quf fstç plr sujfkfr. Egjfr um sfducacfmtl y rfdcstrgr ng gjjcúm kf um gndlrctal.

Yfslnvfr

Litfmfr ng rfspufstg plr afkcl kf aãtlkls gndfirgcjls, muaãrcjls l drçocjls.

Yltungr

G÷gkcr rútunls, fmjgifzgacfmtls l mltgs irfvfs g um kcgdrgag l drçocjl.

Zfnfjjclmgr

Fnfdcr kf umg ncstg l drupl.

Zctugr

Agrjgr ng plscjcúm kf pumtls fm um kcgdrgag.

Zudfrcr

Xrlplmfr umg slnujcúm, umg ecpútfscs u ltrg plscinf rfspufstg.

Vsgr

Xlmfr fm prçjtcjg ng tflrág afkcgmtf ng gpncjgjcúm kf jlmljcacfmtls l rfdngs. (_ãgsf tgaicãm „Gpncjgr‑).

_frcocjgr

Xrlplrjclmgr prufigs quf vgnckfm fn rfsuntgkl.

Nls fxçafmfs fm pgmtgnng kf Agtfaçtcjgs sf igsgrçm fm ng ncstg jlapnftg kf tãracmls kf cmstrujjcúm kfn XGC cmjnuckg fm ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg  = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs.

Duág kf Agtfaçtcjgs (Xgrg usl g pgrtcr kf sfptcfairf kf 9898 l fmfrl kf 9897)

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Gpãmkcjfs

Nfjturgs sfnfjjclmgkgs

Xgrg litfmfr açs cmolragjcúm, jlmsuntf ng puincjgjcúm Fn Xrldrgag kf nls G÷ls Cmtfrafkcls2 kf nls prcmjcpcls g ng prçjtcjg,  quf sf fmjufmtrg kcsplmcinf fm fn Jfmtrl kf rfjursls pgrg nls prldrgags, igbl Yfjursls kfn XGC = XGC = Gprfmkczgbf y fmsf÷gmzg = fmsf÷gmzg = Agtfrcgnfs dfmfrgnfs. ILGNFY, B. „[ef Ylnf lo Jlmtfxts cm tef Agtefagtcjs Jngssrlla2 Kl [efy Ag`f Agtefagtcjs Alrf ―Yfgn–