Guia Lengua 1 Eso
October 15, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Cuèn Mdmîitdin @facun instf``nan y @dtfrnturn
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[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
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> Va faiufatrj insun` [rjcrnhnidùa mf nu`n JEOF]DRJY
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Ufn`dznr fxpjsdidjafs jrn`fs sjerf tfhns prùxdhjs n` fatjraj mf` n`uhanmj. Fxtrnfr `ns dmfns prdaidpn`fs mf ua tfxtj. Mf`dhdtnr `n ijhuadinidùa guhnan ijhj ua prjifsj. Dmfatdinr `js f`fhfatjs y `n fstruiturn mf `n ijhuadinijhu adinidùa fa mdbfrfatfs sdtunidjafs. Nmqudrdr `n ijhpftfaidn nmfiunmn pnrn pnrtdidpnr fa `n datfrniidùa ijhuadintdvn. Uf`nidjanr sjadmjs y `ftrns. Damuidr y np`dinr ajrhns mf jrtjcrnbèn. Nhp`dnr f` inumn` `äxdij Hnadbfstnr datfräs pjr `j `dtfrnrdj ijhj dastruhfatj mf naî`dsds mf `n rfn`dmnm. Ufijajifr `n `dtfrnturn ijhj bjrhn fspfièin mf ijhuadinidùa. Ufijajifr y ijhpnrnr cäafrjs `dtfrnrdjs.
Ufn`dznidùa mf fxpjsdidjafs jrn`fs sjerf tfhns prùxdhjs n` fatjraj mf` n`uhanmj. Fxtrniidùa mf `ns dmfns prdaidpn`fs mf ua tfxtj. Dmfatdinidùa mf `js f`fhfatjs mf `n ijhuadinidùa fa mdbfrfatfs sdtunidjafs ijhuadintdvns. [nrtdidpnidùa fa `n datfrniidùa mf i`nsf. Naî`dsds mdstdatdvj fatrf sjadmjs y `ftrns. Np`dinidùa mf `n ajrhn jrtjcrîin jrtjc rîin sjerf `n sè`nen, mdptjacj, trdptjacj y gdntj. Np`dinidùa mf` `äxdij. Rn`jrnidùa mf `n `dtfrnturn ijhj nitdvdmnm guhnan. Ijhpnrnidùa mf tfxtjs pfrtfafidfatfs n mdvfrsjs cäafrjs `dtfrnrdjs. @fiturn irètdin mf ajtdidns mf prfasn. Np`dinidùa mf `ns aufvns tfiaj`jcèns n` prjifsj mf nprfamdznof
Dmfatdinr `ns mdbfrfaidns fatrf prjsn y vfrsj. [jtfaidnr `n `fiturn irètdin mf `js hfasnofs dabjrhntdvjs. Np`dinr `ns aufvns tfiaj`jcèns n` prjifsj mf nprfamdznof
IJA]FADMJY
IJH[F]FAIDNY ^VF YF MFYNUUJ@@NA
Rnrdfmnmfs tfxtun`fs? - @n ijhuadinidùa Crnhîtdin? - @n jrnidùa y sus f`fhfatjs. @n `facun fa usj? - F` `facunof mf `js cfstjs. Jrtjcrnbèn?
Ijhpftfaidn fa ijhuadinidùa `dacðèstdin. - Ijavfrsnamj y fsirdedfamj tfxtjs. - Ufſtfxdjanamj sjerf `n ijhuadinidùa. - Mdstdacudfamj sjadmjs y `ftrns. - Yfchfatnamj `ns pn`nerns fa sè`nens.
Ijhpftfaidn sjidn` y idumnmnan. - Ufſtfxdjanamj sjerf `n rf`fvnaidn mf `js hfmdjs mf ijhuadinidùa sjidn`
- Yjadmjs y `ftrns. Jrtjcrnbèn y @äxdij? - @n sè`nen - Mdptjacj, gdntj, trdptjacj.
Ijhpftfaidn pnrn nprfamfr n nprfamfr nprfamfr.. - Fofridtîamjsf fa `n ijhprfasdùa tfxtun`. - Ijastruyfamj uan ajtdidn.
@dtfrnturn? - @js cäafrjs `dtfrnrdjs. - F` F` rdaiùa rdaiùa mf Fmcnr - @n prjsn y f` vfrsj
- Np`diîamjsf fa f` trntnhdfatj y rfn`dznidùa mf uan ajtdidn.
Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn? - Van ajtdidn pfrdjmèstdin.
Nutjajhèn f dadidntdvn pfrsjan`. nadhn`fs. - Davfstdcnamj iùhj sf ijhuadina mftfrhdanmjs nadhn`fs.
5
]rntnhdfat ]rntnh dfatj j mf `n dabj dabjrhni rhnidùa dùa y ijhpft ijhpftfaid faidn n mdcdtn mdcdtn`. `. Ijhpftfaidn iu`turn` y nrtèstdin. - Fofridtîam Fofridtîamjsf jsf fa f` trntnhdfatj mf` `facunof `dtfrnrdj.
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[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
[rjcrnhnidùa pjr ijhpftfaidns Yfcÿa f` trntnhdfatj iurrdiu`nr mf `n @fy Jrcîadin mf Fmuinidùa (@JF), f` iurrèiu`j pnrn inmn uan mf `ns ftnpns fmuintdvns (prdhnrdn y sfiuamnrdn) qufmn ijastdtudmj pjr f` ijaouatj mf Jeoftdvjs, Ijatfadmjs, Hätjmjs [fmncùcdijs y Irdtfrdjs mf Fvn`unidùa, n` tdfhpj quf fstne`fif ijhj ajvfmnm sdcadintdvn y rfvf`nmjrn `n datrjmuiidùa mf `ns IJH[F]FAIDNY EÎYDINY, quf aj npnrfièna fa f` mfsnrrj``j iurrdiu`nr mf `fyfs natfrdjrfs. Fa fstf sfatdmj, mfstninr quf fstf f`fhfatj pnsn n ijavfrtdrsf fa uaj mf `js nspfitjs/fofs vfrtfernmjrfs mf `n aufvn fstruiturn iurrdiu`nr, pufs `n fasfþnazn eîsdin (pfrdjmj quf ijhprfamf `n Fmuinidùa [rdhnrdn y `n Fmuinidùa Yfiuamnrdn) fstne`fif/mftfrhdan ijhj an`dmnm? ‐ijasfcudr fa f` n`uhaj uan fmuinidùa ijhp`ftn, quf nenrquf `js ijajidhdfatjs y `ns ijhpftfaidns eîsdins quf rfsu`tna afifsnrdns fa `n sjidfmnm nitun`, mf tn` hnafrn quf fstf sfn inpnz mf mnr rfspufstn n tjmns nquf``ns sdtunidjafs quf sf `f p`natffa fa `n vdmn, yn sfn mfsmf ua îhedtj pfrsjan`, sjidn` j prjbfsdjan`. prjbfsdjan`.‘‘ [jr f``j gny quf tfafr edfa prfsfatf y aj pfrmfr mf vdstn fa adacÿa hjhfatj nquf``j quf f` n`uhaj mfef (ijajidhdfatjs), mfef snefr gnifr (mfstrfzns) (mfstrfzns) y snefr (ijajidhdfatjs), mfef sfr (nitdtumfs). Fa mfadtdvn sf trntn mf ua prjifsj prjifsj fa f` quf sf mftfrhdana `js f`fhfatjs eîsdijs ijhpftfaidn`fs quf ua n`uhaj/n mfef pjsffr pnrn su datfcrnidùa mf bjrhn fqud`dernmn fa `n vdmn vdmn fa sjidfmnm, trns su pfrèjmj mf fsfsij`nrdznidùa je`dcntjrdn. Ufn`hfatf, aj fs f` jeoftdvj mf fstf npnrtnmj mfadr y fsi`nrfifr fstf ijaifptj mf IJH[F]FAIDN tna ajvfmjsj, pufs fxdstfa hu`tdtum mf fstumdjs y hntfrdn`fs sjerf f` tfhn. [frj [frj sd fs afifsnrdj afifsnrdj mfstninr quf f` prjifsj fmuintdvj ifatrnmj fa `n ijasfiuidùa mf mf `ns ijhpftfaidns ijhpftfaidns eîsdins (brfatf n ua hjmf`j ifatrnmj fa `n ijasfiuidùa mf ijajidhdfatjs ijajidhdfatjs mfhnsdnmj mfhnsdnmj tfùrdijs) tfùrdijs) fs ua prjifsj fmuintdvj datfcrnmjr y y buaidjan` quf daidmf fa `n nmqudsdidùa mf uajs snefrfs prîitdijs y mf uans gned`dmnmfs np`dinmns uan sdtunidùa mftfrhdanmn pjr f` n`uhaj. Iunamj ua prjbfsjr j prjbfsjrn fatrna fa ua nu`n `j gnifa ija `n datfaidùa mf quf `js n`uhajs/ns nprfamna (j nprfamna n gnifr) n`cuans ijsns. Fa f` insj mf` prjbfsjr mf @facun y @dtfrnturn fs fvdmfatf fvdmfatf quf sf trntn mf quf `js n`uhajs y n`uhans nmqudfrna ua ijaouatj mf mfstrfzns ijhuadintdvns (gne`nr, fsiuignr, fatfamfr y fsirdedr) quf `fs pfrhdtna utd`dznr `n `facun mf uan hnafrn nmfiunmn finz y ijhpftfatf fa `ns mdvfrsns sdtunidjafs ijhuadintdvns mf `n vdmn ijtdmdnan.
‐@n ijhpftfaidn ijhuadintdvn fs nquf``j quf ua gne`natf afifsdtn snefr pnrn ijhuadinrsf mf hnafrn finz fa ijatfxtjs iu`turn`hfatf sdcadinatfs (…). @n ijhpftfaidn ijhuadintdvn sf rffrf n `n gned`dmnm pnrn nitunr‘ (O.O.Cuhpfrz ‐[rfbnif‘ y ‐Datrjmuitdja‘ ‐Datrjmuitdja‘,, fa O.O. Cuhpfrz y M.Gyhfs. ijhps., Mdrfitdjas da Yjidja`dacudstdis. Gj`t, Udafgnrt &Sdastja. Afw Tjrl, >435). ‐[nrn ijhuadinrsf aj fs suidfatf ijajifr `n `facun, f` sdstfhn `dacðèstdij< fs afifsnrdj dcun`hfatf snefr iùhj sfrvdrsf mf f``n fa buaidùa mf` ijatfxtj sjidn`‘ (Gyhfs, Rfrs `n ijhpftäaif mf ijhhuadintdja.[nrds. Gntdfr, >47=). Mfadtdvnhfatf, sd f` jeoftdvj fsfaidn` mf `n fmuinidùa `dacðèstdin fa `n fasfþnazn sfiuamnrdn je`dcntjrdn fs quf `js n`uhajs y `ns n`uhans sfna inpnifs mf ‐ijhprfamfr y fxprfsnr hfasnofs mf bjrhn nmfiunmn, ijrrfitn, ijgfrfatf y finz‘ ijatrdeuyfamj fa ijasfiufaidn mf fsn hnafrn n ‐fardqufifr `ns inpnidmnmfs ijhuadintdvns (fxprfsdvns y ijhprfasdvns) mf` n`uhanmj n`uhanmj‘‘, fstnrfhjs mf niufrmj ija `ns pn`nerns mf Cuhpfrz y Gyhfs fa `n dhpjrtnaidn mf quf `js n`uhajs y `ns n`uhans nmqudfrna y hfojrfa sus ijhpftfaidns ijhuadintdvns mf hjmj quf `fs pfrhdtna ‐snefr ijhuadinrsf mf hnafrn finz fa ijatfxtjs iu`turn`fs sdcadinatfs‘ y pjr tnatj ‐snefr iùhj sfrvdrsf mf `n `facun fa buaidùa mf` ijatfxtjs sjidn`‘ Ija fstn datrjmuiidùa sf qudfrf gnifr gdainpdä fa quf fa f` mfsnrrj``j iurrdiu`nr mf inmn uan mf `ns ftnpns y mf inmn uan mf `ns Îrfns mf Fmuinidùa [rdhnrdn y Hntfrdns mf Fmuinidùa Yfiuamnrdn Je`dcntjrdn aj tdfaf jtrj sfatdmj j a ÿ`tdhj quf aj sfn f` n`inaznr fa f` n`uhaj/n f` mfsnrrj``j mf `ns Ijhpftfaidns Eîsdins. Fa fstf sfatdmj, `ns Ijhpftfaidns quf sf fstdhna ijhj Eîsdins pnrn f` pfrdjmj mf `n fasfþnazn eîsdin sja `ns jigj quf sdcufa n ijatdaunidùa? >. Ijhpftfaidn `dacðèstdin `dacð èstdin (fa nmf`natf II@). 5. Ijhpftfaidn hntfhîtdin (fa nmf`natf IIH). 9. Ijhpftfaidn fa f` ijajidhdfatj f datfrniidùa ija f` hfmdj bèsdij (fa nmf`natf IIDHB). =. ]rntnhdfatj mf `n dabjrhnidùa y ijhpftfaidn mdcdtn` (fa nmf`natf ]DyIM). 6. Ijhpftfaidn sjidn` y idumnmnan (fa nmf`natf IYyI). 2. Ijhpftfaidn iu`turn` y nrtèstdin (fa nmf`natf IIyN). 3. Ijhpftfaidn pnrn nprfamfr n nprfamfr (fa nmf`natf INN). 7. Nutjajhèn f dadidntdvn pfrsjan` (fa nmf`natf IND[).
Yfcÿa O.O Cuhpfrz y Gyhfs?
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[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
IJH[F]FAIDN @DACÐÈY]DIN Mfsirdptjrfs >. Ijhprfamfr mdsiursjs jrn`fs y fsirdtjs prjmuidmjs fa `js mdvfrsjs ijatfxtjs mf `n nitdvdmnm sjidn` y iu`turn`. 5. Datfrprftnr tfxtjs jrn`fs y fsirdtjs prjmuidmjs fa sdtunidjafs ijhuadintdvns mdvfrsns pnrn nhp`dnr ijajidhdfatjs, hfojrnr `n ijhpftfaidn ijhuadintdvn y mfsnrrj``nr f` pfasnhdfatj irètdij. 9. Mdsbrutnr `fyfamj, utd`dznamj mdvfrsns fstrntfcdns pnrn `ffr ija finidn y nutjajhèn
Mfsfhpfþj N ] D U I Y F T @ N U J A Ù D Y A F U [ H J
I
>. Fsiuign y ijhprfamf ijhprfamf `j quf sf `ff pnrn inptnr su datfaidùa ijhuadintdvn.
- Dmfatdin `n an`dmnm mf` tfxtj. - Dmfatdin `n datfaidùa mf` fhdsjr. - Ufijajif f` cäafrj tfxtun`.
- Rnrdfmnmfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.>-7) - @dtfrnturn (pîc. 55-56)
5. Dmfatdin f` sfatdmj c`jen` mf tfxtjs jrn`fs y fsirdtjs pfrtfafidfatfs n mdvfrsjs îhedtjs mf usj mf `n `facun
- Ijhprfamf f` sdcadinmj c`jen` mf` tfxtj. - Ijafitn `ns dmfns eîsdins mf ua tfxtj. - Ufsuhf f` ijatfadmj mf` tfxtj.
- Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.>-7)
9. Vtd`dzn fstrntfcdns pnrn fxtrnfr y ijajifr `n dabjrhnidùa hîs rf`fvnatf mf ua tfxtj jrn` y fsirdtj pfrtfafidfatf n mdvfrsjs îhedtjs mf usj mf `n `facun.
- Ufn`dzn uan fsiuign nitdvn mf ua tfxtj jrn`. - Ufn`dzn uan `fiturn finz mf` tfxtj fsirdtj. - Ufn`dzn dabfrfaidns sjerf f` ijatfadmj mf` tfxtj.
- Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.>-7) - @dtfrnturn (pîc. 55-56)
=. Mdsirdhdan f datfrprftn `n dabjrhnidùa rf`fvnatf fa tfxtjshîs jrn`fs y fsirdtjsijatfadmn mf mdvfrsn mdvfrsn èamj`f. 6. Nhp`dn sus ijajidhdfatjs y hfojrnr `n ijhpftfaidn ijhuadintdvn.
- Dmfatdin f` tfhn mf` tfxtj. - Mdbfrfaidn `ns dmfns prdaidpn`fs. Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs - Mdbfrfaidn `ns dmfns prdaidpn`fs mf `ns sf- - Rnrdfmn (pîc. >> >>,, nit.>-7) iuamnrdns. - Ufijajif f dmfatdin `n fstruiturn mf ua tfxtj. - Vtd`dzn ijajidhdfatjs `dacðèstdijs pnrn datfrprftnr f` tfxtj. - Ufcdstrn `n dabjrhnidùa fa mdbfrfatfs sdstfhns mf rfijcdmn mf mntjs.
- Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.>-7) - @dtfrnturn (pîc. 55-56)
Mfsirdptjrfs =. Yfr ijhpftfatf fa `n fxprfsdùa mf `js hfasnofs jrn`fs quf sf datfrinhedna fa sdtunidjafs ijhuadintdvns mdvfrsns mf `n vdmn ijtdmdnan, nsè ijhj mdn`jcnr ija ijrrfiidùa y ſtudmfz, nmfiuîamjsf n mdbfrfatfs rfn`dmnmfs ijhuadintdvns, pnrn fardqufifr `ns rf`nidjafs sjidn`fs y mfsfavj`vfrsf fa ijatfxtjs mdstdatjs n` prjpdj. 6. [rjmuidr mdsiursjs jrn`fs, buamnhfatn`hfatf afifsnrdjs pnrn `n rfn`dznidùa pfrsjan`, sjidn`, ninmähdin y iu`turn`, mf bjrhn nmfiunmn n `ns mdstdatns sdtunidjafs y buaidjafs, nmjptnamj uan nitdtum rfspftujsn y mf ijjpfrnidùa. @ N U J A Ù D Y F U [ W
Mfsfhpfþj
>. [rjmuif tfxtjs t fxtjs jrn`fs ijgfrfatfs ija `n datfaidùa ijhuadintdvn y nmfiunmjs n `n sdtunidùa mf ijhuadinidùa, mjtnmjs mf ijgfsdùa, ijrrfiidùa sdatîitdin y prjpdfmnm `äxdin F
- ]dfaf fa iufatn `n an`dmnm mf` tfxtj. - ]dfaf fa iufatn `ns inrnitfrèstdins mf `n sd- - Va faiufatrj insun` tunidùa ijhuadintdvn. (pîc. 4) - Yf`fiidjan `n vnrdfmnm `dacðèstdin y f` rfcdstrj nmfiunmj.
5. Yf fxprfsn y pnrtdidpn mf hnafrn nitdvn fa ua ijaouatj mf sdtunidjafs, n advf` jrn`, mf hnafrn nmfiunmn y ijrrfitn, ija i`nrdmnm, ijgfrfaidn y ſtud-
- Yf fxprfsn ija i`nrdmnm, ijrrfiidùa y ſtudmfz. - Npjrtn dabjrhnidùa y fxp`dinidjafs mf hn- Va faiufatrj insun` afrn jrmfanmn. - Noustn f` gne`n n `ns inrnitfrèstdins mf` tfxtj. (pîc. 4) - Vtd`dzn ua `äxdij nmfiunmj n `n sdtunidùa - @n `facun fa usj
mfz< utd`dznamj ua `facunof prfidsj y fxprfsdvj.
=
- ijhuadintdvn. Nmfiun `n vnrdfmnm `dacðèstdin fa f` trnas- (pîc. >3) iursj mf `n datfrniidùa.
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[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
9. Vtd`dzn nitdvn y fbfitdvnhfatf `js iùmdcjs y gned`dmnmfs `dacðèstdins y aj `dacðèstdins y `ns rfc`ns prjpdns prjpdns mf` datfrinhedj ijhuadintdvj fa mdbfrfatfs sdtunidjafs, pnrn prjmuidr tfxtjs jrn`fs nmfiunmjs n inmn sdtunidùa mf ijhuadinidùa.
- Vtd`dzn mf hnafrn nmfiunmn `js f`fhfatjs cfstun`fs. - Ufspftn `ns datfrvfaidjafs mf `js mfhîs. - Ufspftn f` turaj mf pn`nern. - Vtd`dzn fstrntfcdns pnrn dhp`dinrn n` rfifptjr.
=. Vtd`dzn fstrntfcdns pnrn dhp`dinrsf nitdvnhfatf fa uan ijhuadinidùa jrn` y mdn`jcnr nmjptnamj uan nitdtum irètdin y ijastruitdvn.
- Datfrvdfaf mf hnafrn fspjatîafn y hnatdfaf uan fsiuign nitdvn. - Nmjptn uan nitdtum mdn`jcnatf. - Fxpjaf ua puatj mf vdstn pfrsjan`.
- Va faiufatrj insun` (pîc. 4) - @n `facun fa usj (pîc. >3) - Va faiufatrj insun` (pîc. 4) - @n `facun fa usj (pîc. >3)
Mfsirdptjrfs 2. Irfnr y prjmuidr tfxtjs fsirdtjs pnrn fxprfsnrsf mf bjrhn ijgfrfatf y nmfiunmn fa `js mdvfrsjs ijatfxtjs mf `n nitdvdmnm sjidn` y iu`turn`, pnrn hfojrnr `n ijhpftfaidn ijhuadintdvn y mfsnrrj``nr f` pfasnhdfatj irètdij. 3. Ijhpjafr tfxtjs fsirdtjs rfqufrdmjs fa `js mdvfrsjs îhedtjs mf `n rfn`dmnm sjidn`< pnrn mfsnrrj``nr y ijhuadinr f` ijajidhdfatj, pnrn pnrtdidpnr fa `n vdmn sjidn` y pnrn sntdsbnifr `ns afifsdmnmfs pfrsjan`fs.
Mfsfhpfþj >. Irfn y prjmuif mdbfrfatfs tdpjs mf tfxtjs y fsirdtjs ija datfaidjafs ijhuadintdvns mdvfrsns, nijrmfs n `n
N ] D U I Y F A Ù D Y F U [ W
F
sdtunidùa fa mdbfrfatfs ijatfxtjsijhuadintdvn sjidn`fs y iu`turn`fs, mf hnafrn i`nrn y jrcnadznmn.
- Vtd`dzn f` cäafrj tfxtun` nmfiunmj fa rf`nidùa ija `n an`dmnm mf` tfxtj. - ]dfaf fa iufatn `ns inrnitfrèstdins mf `n sdtunidùa ijhuadintdvn. - Yf`fiidjan `n vnrdfmnm `dacðèstdin y f` rfcdstrj nmfiunmj. - Cfafrn dmfns
- Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.4 nit.4)) - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 54)
5. Fstruiturn f` ijajidhdfatj y p`nadin mf hnafrn jrcnadznmn f` prjifsj mf prjmuiidùa mf tfxtjs fsirdtjs.
- Eusin j fxtrnf dabjrhnidùa. - Yf`fiidjan `n dabjrhnidùa nmfiunmn. - [`nadin f` ijatfadmj. - Fstruiturn f` ijatfadmj.
- Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.4 nit.4)) - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 54)
9. [rjmuif tfxtjs fsirdtjs ijatrj`namj f` prjifsj mf fsirdturn y mf rfvdsdùa.
- Yf datfrfsn pjr rfvdsnr f` tfxtj. - Vtd`dzn fstrntfcdns mf nutjijrrfiidùa - Yj`uidjan `ns mdiu`tnmfs mf` prjifsj mf prjmuiidùa.
- R nrdfmnmfs nrdfmnmfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.4 nit.4)) - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 54)
=. Yf fxprfsn pjr fsirdtj mf hnafrn nmfiunmn y ijrrfitn, ija i`nrdmnm, ijgfrfaidn y ſtudmfz< utd`dznamj ua `facunof prfidsj y fxprfsdvj. 6. Yf fxprfsn pjr fsirdtj np`dinamj ija idfrtn nutjajhèn `js ijajidhdfatjs sjerf `n `facun y `ns ajrhns mf` usj `dacðèstdij pnrn fsirdedr ija nmfiunidùa, ijgfrfaidn, ijgfsdùa y ijrrfiidùa
- Ydcuf `ns inrnitfrèstdins mf` cäafrj tfxtun`. - Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs - Vtd`dzn `js rfiursjs afifsnrdjs pnrn hfoj- (pîc. >> >>,, nit.4 nit.4)) `n inpnidmnm tfxtj. y - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn - rnr [rfsfatn f` tfxtjijhuadintdvn mf hnafrn mf` nmfiunmn ijrrfitn. - Vtd`dzn rfiursjs `dacðèstdijs vnrdnmjs? sdatîitdijs, `äxdijs… - Fa`nzn `js fauaidnmjs mf hnafrn ijgfsdjanmn. - Ufspftn y iuhp`f `ns ajrhns mf` sdstfhn mf `n `facun? crnhntdin`fs, `äxdins y jrtjcrîins.
@FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
>¿ fsj
cuèn mdmîitdin
(pîc. 54)
- Rnrdfmn Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs (pîc. >> >>,, nit.4 nit.4)) - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 54)
6
[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
IJH[F]FAIDN FA F@ IJAJIDHDFA]J F DA]FUNIIDÙA IJA F@ HFMDJ BÈYDIJ J ] J I D A F È D Y B H D J I D J M A F J H I A N Ù D D I I A I F ] U N F F [ ] H A D J F I
Mfsirdptjrfs >. Np`dinr f` rnzjanhdfatj y `ns bjrhns mf fxprfsdùa idfatèin n` `facunof y n `js hjmjs mf nrcuhfatnidùa gnedtun`fs fa `js mdstdatjs îhedtjs mf `n nitdvdmnm guhnan. 5. Datfrprftnr ijaifptjs, prjifsjs y hfasnofs mf` hfmdj anturn`, sjidn` y iu`turn` y bjhfatnr `n rfſtfxdùa pnrn pnrn pjmfr datfrvfadr fa `n sjidfmnm mfsmf uan pfrspfitdvn irètdin y rfſtfxdvn.
Mfsfhpfþj >. Datfrprftn hfasnofs ija ijatfadmj idfatèij (mdncrnhns, crîins, tne`ns u jtrjs), y ijhuadin, nrcuhfatnidjafs y fxp`dinidjafs mf` îhedtj mf `n Idfaidn.
- Ydatftdzn `n dabjrhnidùa. Rnrdfmnmfs mfs tfxtun`fs - Fxpjaf nmfiunmnhfatf rnzjanhdfatjs y - Rnrdfmn (pîc. >6, davfstdcn) prjifsjs. - Fxpjaf `n dabjrhnidùa ija prfidsdùa.
IJH[F]FAIDN MDCD]N@ T ]UN]NHDFA]J MF @N DABJUHNIDÙA Mfsirdptjrfs A Ù D I N H U J B A D
>. Eusinr dabjrhnidùa sjerf nspfitjs prjpdjs mf` îhedtj `dacðèstdij, utd`dznamj mdvfrsdmnm mf hntfrdn`fs mf ijasu`tn (mdiidjanrdjs, rfiursjs ede`djcrîijs, dabjrhîtdijs y mdcdtn`fs, u jtrjs) pnrn rfutd`dznr`n fa `n prjmuiidùa mf tfxtjs jrn`fs y fsirdtjs prjpdjs. 5. Mfsnrrj``nr gned`dmnmfs pnrn niifmfr n `n dabjrhnidùa y trnashdtdr`n fa mdstdatjs sjpjrtfs, dai`uyfamj `n utd`dznidùa mf `ns tfiaj`jcèns mf `n dabjrhnidùa y `n ijhuadinidùa ijhj f`fhfatj pnrn dabjrhnrsf, nprfamfr y
N @ F M
9. ijhuadinrsf. Fhp`fnr `js rfiursjs mf `ns tfiaj`jcèns mf `n dabjrhnidùa y ijhuadinidùa pnrn jetfafr j ijhp`ftnr `n dabjrhnidùa `dacðèstdin y `dtfrnrdn quf prfidsn.
J ] A F D H N ] N U ] T @ N ] D C D M N D I A F ] F [ H J
I
Mfsfhpfþj
>. Datfrprftn, jrcnadzn y ijatrnstn `n dabjrhnidùa prjifmfatf mf mdvfrsjs sjpjrtfs.
5. Fxpjaf y prfsfatn uan dabjrhnidùa mf hnafrn jrmfanmn y i`nrn ija nyumn mf hfmdjs numdjvdsun`fs y mf prjcrnhns mf jrmfanmjr fspfièijs, y `n trnashdtf jrn`hfatf j pjr fsirdtj.
- Ufsuhf y sdatftdzn `n dabjrhnidùa. - Ijatrnstn `n dabjrhnidùa jetfadmn fa mdvfrsjs hntfrdn`fs. - Ufn`dzn nitdvdmnmfs quf rfqudfrna jrcnadznidùa, rf`nidùa j naî`dsds mf `n dabjrhnidùa (rfsÿhfafs, iunmrjs sdaùptdijs j hnpns ijaifptun`fs) - [rfsfatn uan dabjrhnidùa mf hnafrn jrmfanmn y i`nrn. - Ufspftn y iuhp`f `ns ajrhns mf` sdstfhn mf `n `facun? crnhntdin`fs, `äxdins y jrtjcrîins. - Ufmnitn fxp`dinidjafs j fxpjaf ijai`usdjafs mf bjrhn fstruiturnmn y ijgfrfatf. - Ufn`dzn pfqufþjs trnenojs mf damncnidùa y sèatfsds
- Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54)
- Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54)
IJH[F]FAIDN YJIDN@ T IDVMNMNAN @ N D I J N Y A N N D M I N A M F V ] D F I [ T H J
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2
Mfsirdptjrfs >. Rn`jrnr `n ijhuadinidùa `dacðèstdin, sfn iun` sfn f` iùmdcj utd`dznmj, ijhj hfmdj mf ijajifr y vn`jrnr jtrns rfn`dmnmfs `dacðèstdins. 5.Bjhfatnr 5. Bjhfatnr f` ijajidhdfatj y `n ijhprfasdùa mf `n rfn`dmnm sjidn` y `dacðèstd `dacðèstdin in (vnrdnmn y p`urn`) n trnväs mf `ns mdstdatns sdtunidjafs ijhuadintdvns mf` nu`n, mf `n datfrprftnidùa y naî`dsds mf tfxtjs `dtfrnrdjs y mf `n nmfiunidùa mf` rfcdstrj `dacðèstdij n` ijatfxtj ijhuadintdvj, ija f` a mf pjtfaidnr `js vn`jrfs mf nyumn, ijjpfrnidùa y rfspftj 9. Mfsnrrj``nr `ns gned`dmnmfs y mfstrfzns ijhuadintdvns eîsdins pnrn `n ijavdvfaidn, f` rfspftj y f` fatfamdhdfatj fatrf `ns pfrsjans. =. Datfrprftnr `js hjmjs fa quf f` `facunof trnshdtf y snaidjan prfoudidjs f dhîcfafs fstfrfjtdpnmns fstfrfjtdpnmns mf` huamj, ija f` jeoftj mf ijatrdeudr n `n frrnmdinidùa mf `js usjs mdsirdhdantjrdjs mf` `facunof. @FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
>¿ fsj
cuèn mdmîitdin
[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
Mfsfhpfþj N A N M N M V D I T @ N D I J Y N D I A F ] F [ H J
- Va faiufatrj insun` (pîc. 4) - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54)
>. Nprfamf n ijhuadi ijhuadinrsf nrsf y n fsiuignr n `js jtrjs, mfsnrrj``namj nitdtumfs mf rfspftj y gned`dmnmfs pnrn `n ijavdvfaidn.
- Hfojrn `ns datfrniidjafs ijhuadintdvns y f` datfräs pjr f` usj ijrrfitj mf `ns hdshns. - Ufspftn `ns ijamdidjafs fspfièins mf `ns mdbfrfatfs sdtunidjafs ijhuadintdvns.
5. Fsiuign y vn`jrn irètdinhfatf `ns jpdadjafs mf `js mfhîs, hjstrnamj uan nitdtum mf rfspftj n `ns pfrsjans
- [nrtdidpn fa `ns sdtunidjafs mf ijhuadinidùa mf` nu`n, - Va faiufatrj insun` - Ufspftn `ns ajrhns mf` datfrinhedj? cunrmnr f` turaj mf pn`nern, fsiuignr, hdrnr n` (pîc. 4) datfr`jiutjr, hnatfafr f` tfhn.
9. Ijhprfamf y ijatrnstn ijatrnstn `n rfn`dmnm sjidn` n trnväs mf tfxtjs jrn`fs y fsirdtjs rf`nidjanmjs ija `js hfmdjs mf ijhu I adinidùa mf hnsns.
- Fxtrnf jesfrvnidjafs. - Ijatrnstn dmfns. - Ijhprfamf `n dabjrhnidùa jetfadmn sjerf rfn`dmnm sjidn` fa quf sf vdvf. - Ouzcn irètdinhfatf `js prje`fhns sjidn`fs y hjrn`fs mf aufstrj huamj. - Nrcuhfatn y mffamf `ns prjpdns jpdadjafs
- Va faiufatrj insun` (pîc. 4) - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54)
IJH[F]FAIDN IV@]VUN@ T NU]ÈY]DIN
Mfsirdptjrfs >.Mfsnrrj``nr f` custj fstätdij y f` oudidj irètdij, n trnväs mf` fstumdj mf `ns mdbfrfatfs hnadbfstnidjafs nrtèstdins, ija f` a mf utd`dznr`ns ijhj bufatf mf fardqufidhdfatj y mdsbrutf. 5. Mfsnrrj``nr gned`dmnmfs gned`dmnmfs y nitdtumfs ijhuadintdvns, mf sfasded`dmnm y mf sfatdmj fstätdij pnrn pjmfr niifmfr n `ns mdstdatns hnadbfstnidjafs nrtèstdins, ijhprfamfr`ns, vn`jrnr`ns y mdsbrutnr`ns. 9. Mfsnrrj``nr f` custj pjr `n `fiturn mf tfxtjs `dtfrnrdjs ijhj vfgèiu`j mf ijhuadinidùa, ijhj gfigj iu`turn` y ijhj pjsded`dmnm mf mdsbrutf pfrsjan`. =. Mfsnrrj``nr `n dadidntdvn, `n dhncdanidùa y `n irfntdvdmnm irfntdvdmnm pfrsjan` y fhp`fnr `js rfiursjs mf `n fxprfsdùa nrtèstdins pnrn rfn`dznr irfnidjafs prjpdns. N I D ] Y È ] U N T @ N U V ] @ V I N D I A F ] F [ H J
Mfsfhpfþj >. Vtd`dzn `js ijajidhdfatjs `dtfrnrdjs fa `n ijhprfasdùa y `n vn`jrnidùa mf tfxtjs jrn`fs y fsirdtjs, ntfamdfamj n `js tfhns y hjtdvjs hjtdvjs mf `n trnmdidù trnmdidùaa jrn` y fsi fsirdt rdtn, n, iu`tn j pjpu`nr mf `n `dtfrnturn.
5. Vtd`dzn f` `facunof ijhj dastruhfatj pnrn datfrprftnr y ijhprfamfr `n rfn`dmnm rfprfsfatnmn fa iun`qudfr hnadbfstnidùa nrtèstdin, iu`turn` y `dtfrnrdn, pnrn I bjrhnrsf ua oudidj pfrsjan` y n pnrtdr mf ä` fxpjafr `ns dmfns cfafrnmns. c fafrnmns.
9. Mfsnrrj``n `n nutjajhèn `fitjrn, `n inpnidmnm mf f`fiidùa mf tfhns y tfxtjs y pjstfrdjrhfatf `n fxprfsdùa mf `ns prfbfrfaidns pfrsjan`fs.
- Ufsuhf y sdatftdzn `n dabjrhnidùa. - Ijatrnstn `n dabjrhnidùa jetfadmn fa mdvfrsjs hntfrdn`fs. - Ufn`dzn nitdvdmnmfs quf rfqudfrna jrcnadznidùa, rf`nidùa j naî`dsds mf `n dabjrhnidùa (rfsÿhfafs, iunmrjs sdaùptdijs j hnpns ijaifptun`fs). - [rfsfatn uan dabjrhnidùa mf hnafrn jrmfanmn y i`nrn. - Ufspftn y iuhp`f `ns ajrhns mf` sdstfhn mf `n `facun? crnhntdin`fs, `äxdins y jrtjcrîins. - Ufmnitn fxp`dinidjafs j fxpjaf ijai`usdjafs mf bjrhn fstruiturnmn y ijgfrfatf. - Ufn`dzn pfqufþjs trnenojs mf damncnidùa y sèatfsds. - Mdsbrutn ija `n `fiturn damdvdmun` j ij`fitdvn. - Rn`jrn f` usj mf` `facunof - Ufſtfxdjan sjerf f` puatj mf vdstn mf` nutjr. - Mdbfrfaidn ijatfadmj `dtfrn` y sfatdmj mf `n jern. - Uf`nidjanr f` ijatfadmj ija `n prjpdn fxpfrdfaidn.
@FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
>¿ fsj
cuèn mdmîitdin
- Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54)
- Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54)
- @dtfrnturn (pîc. 55-56)
3
[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >. @ N N I U D ] V Y ] È @ ] V U I N
. T I
=. Inptn `js vn`jrfs nrtèstdijs prfsfatfs fa tfxtjs mdvfrsjs (`dtfrnrdjs, pue`didtnrdjs, tf`fvdsdvj, rnmdjbùadijs.).
- Ijhprfamf y vn`jrn f` sfatdmj sjidn` mf `n `dtfrnturn. - Rn`jrn `js rfiursjs `dtfrnrdjs ijhj bjrhns - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn (pîc. 57-54) mf fxprfsdùa fstätdin. - Uf`nidjan f` ijatfadmj ija `n prjpdn fxpfrdfaidn
IJH[F]FAIDN N[UFAMFU N N[UFAMFU Mfsirdptjrfs
U F M A F U [ N N U F M A F U [ N N D I A F ] F [ H J
>. Nmqudrdr ijaidfaidn y gnifr usj mf `ns prjpdns inpnidmnmfs inpnidmnmfs y ijajidhdfatjs pnrn sfr inpnz mf ijatdaunr nprfamdfamj mf hnafrn inmn vfz hîs finz y nutùajhn, y pnrn jptdhdznr y jrdfatnr mdigjs prjifsjs mf nprfamdznof n jeoftdvjs f daqudftumfs pfrsjan`fs. 5. Hnafonr mf hnafrn fidfatf ua ijaouatj mf rfiursjs y täiadins mf fstumdj y mf mf trnenoj quf pjsded`dtfa f` nprfamdznof damdvdmun` y ij`fitdvj, ija `n datfaidùa mf nmqudrdr inpnidmnm mf p`nadinidùa pnrn jptdhdznr `js rfsu`tnmjs mf` nprfamdznof. 9. Mfsnrrj``nr `n iurdjsdmnm mf p`natfnrsf prfcuatns, dmfatdinr y hnafonr dabjrhnidùa mdvfrsn natf iun`qudfr sdtunidùa, pnrn trnasbjrhnr`n fa ijajidhdfatj prjpdj, rf`nidjanamj f datfcrnamj `n aufvn dabjrhnidùa ija `js ijajidhdfatjs prfvdjs y ija `n prjpdn fxpfrdfaidn pfrsjan`. =. Vtd`dznr fstrntfcdns mf nprfamdznof y täiadins mdvfrsns quf pfrhdtna nbrjatnr `n tjhn mf mfidsdjafs, mf hnafrn rnidjan` y irètdin, n trnväs mf `n dabjrhnidùa jetfadmn.
Mfsfhpfþj >. Np`din täiadins mf fstumdj y mf trnenoj ija `n datfaidùa mf ijhprfamfr, rf`nidjanr y sdatftdznr ijatfadmjs mf `n hntfrdn.
5. Mfsnrrj``n `ns gned`dmnmfs y `ns inpnidmnmfs prjpdns mf `n ijhpftfaidn, fa `n rfn`dznidùa mf fxpfrdfaidns mf I nprfamdznof mf ijhprfasdùa, mf ijhpjsdidùa y mf mf jetfaidùa, naî`dsds y f`nejrnidùa mf `n dabjrhnidùa. 9. Ufſtfxdjan sjerf `n prjpdn `facun y np`dinr f` ijaouatj mf snefrfs ijaifptun`fs y prjifmdhfatn`fs sf nmqudfrfa fa rf`nidùa ija `ns(quf nitdvdmnmfs mf ijhprfasdùa y ijhpjsdidùa mf tfxtjs), pnrn jptdhdznr f` nprfamdznof `dacðèstdij.
-- Yuernyn ua tfxtj. Ufn`dzn rfsÿhfafs. - Ufn`dzn fsqufhns. - Ufn`dzn hnpns ijaifptun`fs. - Ufn`dzn ijhfatnrdjs mf tfxtj. - Ufn`dzn trnenojs damdvdmun`fs j ij`fitdvjs.
- Fstumdj mf `n `facun. (pîc. >=->3)
- @ff y trnenon tfxtjs rf`nidjanmjs ija `js tfhns fstumdnmjs ija `n datfaidùa mf ijh- - Rnrdfmnm Rnrdfmnmfs fs tfxtun`fs? prfamfr, rf`nidjanr y sdatftdznr ijatfad- @n ijhuadinidùa mjs. (pîc. >5->9, >5->9, nit.>-3) - Hnafon `js rfiursjs y `ns täiadins mf trnenoj damdvdmun`. - Jesfrvn y fstne`fif sdstfhîtdinhfatf gfigjs y rf`nidjafs. - Cfstdjan rfiursjs pnrn rfn`dznr nitdvdmn- - Fstumdj mf `n `facun. mfs. (pîc. >=->3 >=->3,, nit.>-3) - Ijatrj`n `ns inpnidmnmfs mf nprfamdznof. - [`nadin y jrcnadzn `n rfn`dznidùa mf` trnenoj y mf` tdfhpj mf bjrhn fbfitdvn.
IJH[F]FAIDN NV]JAJHÈN F DADIDN]DRN [FUYJAN@ N È @ H N J A A J J ] Y U V F N [ N D N I R D A ] F ] N D I F D [ A D H J F
I
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Mfsirdptjrfs >. Vtd`dznr f` `facunof `fa cunof ijhj ua dastruhfatj mf rfprfsfatnidùa, datfrprftnidùa y ijhprfasdùa mf `n rfn`dmnm pnrn sfr inpnz mf fhprfamfr, mfsnrrj``nr y vn`jrnr prjyfitjs `dacðèstdijs damdvdmun`fs y ij`fitdvjs ija irfntdvdmnm, rfspjasned`dmnm, sfatdmj irètdij y ijjpfrnidùa. 5. ]fafr ijajidhdfatjs sjerf f` iùmdcj `dacðèstdij pnrn nmqudrdr y np`dinr mfsmf mfsmf `n ijhprfasdùa, rfprfsfatnidùa f datfrprftnidùa mf `n rfn`dmnm, ua ijaouatj mf vn`jrfs y nitdtumfs pfrsjan`fs quf ijatrdeuyfa n prjcrfsnr fa `n dadidntdvn pfrsjan`? (rfspjasned`dmnm, pfrsfvfrnaidn, nutjfstdhn, nutjirètdin…). 9. Vtd`dznr f` `facunof ijhj dastruhfatj quf rfcu`n y jrdfatn aufstrn prjpdn nitdvdmnm ija prjcrfsdvn nutjajhèn pufs ijatrdeuyf n jrcnadznr f` pfasnhdfatj, n ijhuadinr nbfitjs y sfatdhdfatjs, n rfcu`nr fhjidjafs y pfrhdtf nan`dznr prje`fhns, f`nejrnr p`nafs y tjhnr mfidsdjafs. @FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
>¿ fsj
cuèn mdmîitdin
[UJCUNHNIDÙA [JU IJH[F]FAIDNY
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
Mfsfhpfþj F N È @ H N J A A J J ] Y U V F N [ N D N I R D A ] F ] D N I F D [ A D H J
I
>. Ijhprfamf mdsiursjs mdvfrsjs, `js datfrprftn, y fs irètdij pjadfamj fa oufcj `ns fstrntfcdns mf rfsj`uidùa mf prje`fhns, tjhn mf mfidsdjafs, f`nejrnidùa mf p`nafs.
- Rn`jrn f` usj mf` `facunof y f` puatj mf vdstn mf` nutjr. - Mdbfrfaidnr ijatfadmj `dtfrn` y sfatdmj mf `n - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn jern. (pîc. 57-54) - Uf`nidjanr f` ijatfadmj ija `n prjpdn fxpfrdfaidn. - Fxtrnf uan jpdadùa pfrsjan`.
5. Bnvjrfif `n irfntdvdmnm y `n dhncdanidùa ija tnrfns mf prjmuiidùa jrn` j fsirdtn quf fstdhu`fa f` nutjijajidhdfatj y f` fardqufidhdfatj pfrsjan`.
- [rîitdin mf tfxtjs `dtfrnrdjs. - Irfn mf prjmuiidjafs jrn`fs j fsirdtns quf - Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn mfsiuerna `js sfatdhdfatjs. (pîc. 57-54) - Yf fxprfsn fa vjz n`tn pnrn fstdhu`nr `n nutjfstdhn.
@FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
>¿ fsj
cuèn mdmîitdin
4
CVÈN MDMÎI]DIN
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
[îc. 7-4 ³ JUDFA]NIDJAFY MDMÎI]DINY. Mf` hdshj hjmj quf `js n`uhajs fhpdfzna ua aufvj idi`j, y quf
huigjs mf f``js sf fstîa ijajidfamj, `js prjtncjadstns mf` iùhdi fatrna fa ijatnitj y ijhdfazna uan namnmurn. Fa tjmj hjhfatj fstî prfsfatf `n ijhuadinidùa, tnatj cfstun` ijhj vfren`. N`cuans mf `ns prfcuatns jrn`fs pufmfa sfrvdr`fs n `js n`uhajs mf prfsfatnidùa.
[îc. >;->>. Rnrdfmnmfs tfxtun`fs. Ijhprfasdùa tfxtun`
JUDFA]NIDJAFY MDMÎI]DINY
hfatj mf npnrfifr fa fsifan sf gn mnmj iufatn mf `n ijabusdùa ija f` dan`îherdij mf Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj.
Nit. >; Fstf fofrididj pfrhdtf datrjmuidr `js ijaifptjs mf ijhpnrnidùa y hftîbjrn. Yf pufmf rfſtfxdjanr sjerf `n utd`dmnm mf fstjs rfiursjs pnrn mnr hnyjr fxprfsdvdmnm n `js tfxtjs. Fa `n pîcdan 537 sf mn `n mfadidùa mf `ns curns `dtfrnrdns.
6. Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj ijabuamf f` tf`äbjaj ija `n in`iu`nmjrn mf su gdoj quf fstnen sjerf `n hfsn.
YJ@VIDJANUDJ
7. @n ÿ`tdhn brnsf mf` tfxtj tdfaf ua i`nrj sfatdmj guhjrèstdij pjrquf mn n supjafr quf, n` fstnr f` dan`îherdij mfsij`cnmj, f` mjitjr Busd``d gn fstnmj jyfamj tjmjs `j mdigj fatrf [ntd y Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj.
Ijhprfamfhjs f` tfxtj >. @n gdstjrdn `n anrrn Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj. H jatn`vj. 5. F` pfrsjanof quf pnrfif tfafr prje`fhns fs f` prjpdj Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj, nuaquf ä` aj `j rfijajzin, iunamj `f mdif n` mjitjr Busd``d quf ‐ÿ`tdhnhfatf fstjy bfajhfan`‘. Yu nitunidùa fs ua tnatj nesurmn iunamj ijabuamf uan in`iu`nmjrn ija f` nurdiu`nr mf` dan`îherdij. 9. F` mjitjr Busd``d pnrfif ua pfrsjanof gne`nmjr yn quf, pnrn ijaifrtnr ua faiufatrj, fhp`fn huigjs rjmfjs y prftfxtjs. =. F` pfrsjanof hîs sfasntj pnrfif sfr [ntd, pjrquf n` hj-
>;
2. Ufsu`tn rdmèiu`j pjrquf anmdf `j vf. 3. cðfazn Ujmrdcjmf Hjatn`vj sf pjaf mf inrnmf pjrquf nvfrsu ijabusdùa y sfrjoj mn iufatn quf f`sfmjitjr Busd``d pufmf gnefr`j jèmj tjmj.
4. Ufspufstn `derf. >;. Fstns ijhpnrnidjafs pjmrèna sustdtudrsf pjr jtrns jt rns ijhj? • ijhj uan p`natn quf eusin `n `uz? ijhj uan sfrpdfatf sn`dfamj mf uan ifstn. • uan n`nmn ``uvdn mf gdf`j? ua onrrj mf ncun brèn. • ijhj uan cudamd``n? ijhj uan ernsn. • ijhj uan qufhnmurn? ijhj ua pna rfidäa gjrafnmj.
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[îc. >5->9. Rnrdfmnmfs tfxtun`fs. @n ijhuadinidùa. ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ufiursjs pnrn f` nu`n Mjiuhfatjs fa pmb - F` iùmdcj - F` fhdsjr - F` prjifsj mf ijhuadinidùa - F` rfifptjr - @n ijhuadinidùa
Ntfaidùa n `n mdvfrsdmnm Ufbufrzj - Nit. >, 5 y 9 Nhp`dnidùa - Nit. > y 5.
JUDFA]NIDJAFY MDMÎI]DINY Nit. 2 Fstf fofrididj pfrhdtf rfſtfxdjanr sjerf `ns sdtunidjafs fa quf sf prjmuif ua nitj mf ijhuadinidùa mfatrj mf jtrj. Yf `fs pufmf pfmdr n `js n`uhajs quf p`natffa jtrns sdtunidjafs y quf `ns fxp`dqufa? ua iunmrj anrrntdvj, ua iùhdi, ua iufatj, fti.
YJ@VIDJANUDJ >. F` inan` utd`dznmj fs f` tf`äbjaj. 5. F` rfifptjr fs Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj. 9. F` hfasnof quf datfatn trnshdtdr f` mjitjr Busd``d fs fstne`fifr uan idtn ija Ujmrdcj Hjatn`vj. =. ]natj f` pjafrsf rjoj ijhj `n sumjrnidùa mf `ns hnajs sfþn`na ua fstnmj mf afrvdjsdshj f daqudftum. Yja sfþn`fs prjpdns mf `n ijhuadinidùa aj vfren`, y aj `f mdifa anmn n` mjitjr Busd``d pjrquf fstns sfþn`fs aj sf prjmuifa mf`natf mf sus jojs. 6. @n rf`nidùa fatrf `js f`fhfatjs mf `n ijhuadinidùa, fa cfafrn`, y `js mf `n vdþftn, fa pnrtdiu`nr, fs `n sdcudfatf? • fhdsjr? `n tf`fvdsdùa • rfifptjr? f` sfþjr sfatnmj • hfasnof? f` huamj fstî nrmdfamj • inan`? `n iîhnrn
• iùmdcj? `n dhncfa • ijatfxtj? `n gjrn mf` tf`fmdnrdj 2. ]jhnamj ijhj fhdsjr n` mdeuonatf mf `n vdþftn, gnerèn tnatjs rfifptjrfs ijhj `fitjrfs mf `n hdshn, yn quf fs uan ijhuadinidùa quf sf dasfrtn fa ua hfmdj mf ijhuadinidùa sjidn`, y, pjr tnatj, nedfrtn n ua pÿe`dij p`urn`. 3. F` hfasnof quf ajs qudfrf trnashdtdr ^udaj ^ udaj fs quf, huigns vfifs, fstnhjs tna nesjrtjs fa `ns mfscrnidns mf `js mfhîs quf auain irffhjs quf pufmfa sjerfvfadr n ajsjtrjs hdshjs.
Davfstdcn @js snpjs trnshdtfa ua mftfrhdanmj sjadmj pnrn ntrnfr n `n gfhern, y jtrj mdbfrfatf pnrn nvdsnr n `js jtrjs quf ä` tnhedäa fs hnigj. @js f`fbnatfs sf ijjrmdana n ld`ùhftrjs mf mdstnaidn hfmdnatf dabrnsjadmjs sj`j pfrifptde`fs pnrn sus crnamfs jrfons. @js jrnacutnafs, hfmdnatf ua rucdmj numde`f nu mde`f fa mjs ld`ùhftrjs n `n rfmjamn, nauaidna su prfsfaidn, rfi`nhna ua tfrrdtjrdj y ``nhna n `ns gfherns. @ns nefons, hfmdnatf uan mnazn rdtun` fa bjrhn mf jigj, ijhuadina, iunamj faiufatrna n`dhfatj, sd fstîa `fojs j ifrin mf `n ij`hfan< sd fstî ifrin mf f``n, `n nefon jerfrn rfn`dznrî ua ijatjafj y rudmj datfasjs< sd fstî hîs n`fonmn, sus hjvdhdfatjs y rudmjs sfrîa hîs `fatjs. F` îacu`j mf fofiuidùa damdinrî `n pjsdidùa mf` n`dhfatj.
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>>
CVÈN MDMÎI]DIN
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[îc. >=->6. Crnhîtdin. @n jrnidùa y sus f`fhfatjs
ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ufiursjs pnrn f` nu`n - @n jrnidùa
Ntfaidùa n `n mdvfrsdmnm Ufbufrzj - Nit. =, 6, 2, 3
@derj mdcdtn` - Nitdvdmnmfs datfrnitdvns
JUDFA]NIDJAFY MDMÎI]DINY Nit. > Yfrèn jpjrtuaj rfſtfxdjanr sjerf `n dhpjrtnaidn mf `n fatjanidùa, nmfhîs mf `js f`fhfatjs purnhfatf crnhntdin`fs, pnrn gnifr ``fcnr aufstrj hfasnof. @n `fiturn fa vjz n`tn fs rfijhfamne`f, nsè ijhj `ns ijrrfiidjafs jpjrtuans mf hn`ns fatjanidjafs.
YJ@VIDJANUDJ >. • ºIuîamj mdofrja quf ``nhnrèna: Datfrrjcntdvn • Ngjrn hdshj hf drèn n` [j`j Ajrtf. Mfsdmfrntdvn • Aj buhfa, pjr bnvjr. Dhpfrntdvn • Aj mfièn auain `n vfrmnm. Fauaidntdvn afcntdvn • [ufmf quf fstä ifrrnmj gjy. Muedtntdvn • ¡^uä bf`dz hf gnifs ija tus cfstjs! Fxprfsdvn • ºFstumdns j trnenons: Datfrrjcntdvn • Gfhjs vdstj f` ÿ`tdhj inpètu`j. Fauaidntdvn nrhntdvn 5. Yja davnrdne`fs? y, gjy, gjy, ija, trns, `fatnhfatf, quf.
>5
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[îc. >2->3. Crnhîtdin. @n jrnidùa y sus f`fhfatjs
ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ufiursjs pnrn f` nu`n - @n jrnidùa
Ntfaidùa n `n mdvfrsdmnm Ufbufrzj - Nit. =, 6, 2, 3
JUDFA]NIDJAFY MDMÎI]DINY @n `facun fa usj Fa fstf insj, f` npnrtnmj sf rf`nidjan, aj sj`j ija `js tdpjs mf jrnidjafs, sdaj tnhedäa ija `n ijhuadinidùa jrn`. N pnrtdr mf `n ijai`usdùa? `js cfstjs nijhpnþna `n nitdtum mf` gne`natf, `js n`uhajs pjmrèna fsifadinr mdstdatjs cfstjs pnrn sfcÿa quä brnsfs.
YJ@VIDJANUDJ 9. • Fsf igdij vn pjr hn` inhdaj. • ¡^uä mèn tna hnrnvd``jsj gnif! • Fstn inrrftfrn ajs nifrinrî n `n idhn. • F` hjauhfatj buf danucurnmj f` nþj pnsnmj pjr f` prfsdmfatf mf` i`ue. • Aj qudfrj snefr anmn mf` nsuatj. • Fstf npnrntj fs pjij prîitdij. • Hd neuf`j gdzj tjmjs `js hufe`fs mf `n insn. =. • Aj rfidef adacÿa rfcn`j? fauaidntdvn afcntdvn. Datfrrjcntdvn? ºAj rfidef adacÿa rfcn`j: • ºBudstfds nyfr n` idaf: Datfrrjcntdvn. Fauaidntdvn afcntdvn? Nyfr aj budstfds n` idaf. • ]n` vfz sf rfijaid`dfa prjatj? muedtntdvn. Dhpfrntdvn? Ufijaid`dnjs prjatj. • Yn`dm ngjrn hdshj mf ngè? dhpfrntdvn. Muedtntdvn? ] ]n` n` vfz sn`cîds ngjrn hdshj mf ngè . • ¡Hf gna rfcn`nmj uan inhdsn! Fxi`nhntdvn. Fauaidntdvn? Hf gna rfcn`nmj uan inhdsn. • [ufmf quf gnyn huign cfatf? muedtntdvn. Fauaidntdvn nrhntdvn? Gny huign cfatf. • F``js niumdrîa ija puatun`dmnm? fauaidntdvn nrhntdvn. Muedtntdvn? ] ]n` n` vfz vfz niumn niumna a f``js f``js ija puat puatun`d un`dmnm. mnm. 6. [n`nerns `äxdins? insn, ijhf, idfrrf, sn`, `derfs, vfrejs, prfcuatns, mdifa, nhdcj, mnþj, fsinsjs, ngè, crna, hnamn. [n`nerns crnhntdin`fs? fstf, pjr, y, `ns, nquf``js, hf, n, mfsmf, fa, quf. Rnrdne`fs? fstf, insn, ijhf, idfrrf, sn`, `ns, nquf``js, `derfs,
vfrejs, prfcuatns, mdifa, nhdcj, mnþj, fsinsjs, crna, hnamn. Davnrdne`fs? pjr, y, hf, n, ngè, mfsmf, fa, quf. 2. Ufspufstn `derf. n`cj: Yucfrfaidn? ’ ºMfsfn ustfm ’ Hf custnrèn ijhprnr f` ej`sj mf` fsinpnrntf. ’ Aj fstî fa vfatn, sfþjr. ’ ¡Iùhj quf aj! ¡Yd pjaf f` prfidj y tjmj! ’ Jon`î pumdfrn mnr`f `j quf qudfrf, pfrj… ’ ¡^uä jon`î ad quä jon`î! ¡Hf `j qudfrj ``fvnr! ’ Fstî rfsfrvnmj, sfþjr. ’ Yd fstî rfsfrvnmj, aj `j pjacn fa f` fsinpnrntf. ’ ¡Tj `j pjacj mjamf qudfrj! ¡Tn fstî edfa! 3. @n pjerf adþn aj sneèn iuîa ifrin fstnen tnhedäa mf ua trjpdfzj. F` hnfstrj gneèn ``fcnmj n uan fmnm nvnaznmn ija uan nhedidùa dasntdsbfign. F` hîs inrj mf sus mfsfjs frn sfr hämdij, pfrj `n pjerfzn gneèn mfirftnmj quf aj pnsnrèn mf hnfstrj mf fsiuf`n. Inmn mèn sninen mf su pupdtrf ua `derj hdstfrdjsj.
@n `facun fa usj • [rdhfrn vdþftn? nitdtum nhfanznatf. Yfþn`n ija f` mfmj. Yfcuamn vdþftn? nitdtum damdbfrfatf. Mf fspn`mns, jojs sfhdifrrnmjs. ]fri ]frifrn frn vdþftn vdþftn? nitdtum mf sjrprfsn. Jojs huy nedfrtjs. Iunrtn vdþftn? nitdtum pjsdtdvn, fatusdnstn. @fvnatn `js ernzjs, sjarèf. ^udatn vdþftn? nitdtum sjþnmjrn. Hdrnmn pfrmdmn gnidn f` brfatf. Yfxtn vdþftn? nitdtum fabnmnmn. Hjvdhdfatj erusij mf` mfmj. Yäptdhn vdþftn? nitdtum fabnmnmn y rfſtf rfſtfxdv xdvn. n. Mf Mf fspn fspn`mn `mns, s, joj jojss sfhd sfhdifr ifrrnm rnmjs, js, eji ejinn huy huy ifrr ifrrnnmn. Jitnvn vdþftn? nitdtum fxpfitnatf, damfidsn, mf rfi`nhj. Mf fspn`mns, pfrj `n inefzn vuf`tn, jojs huy nedfrtjs. • [rdhfrn vdþftn? jrnidùa dhpfrntdvn. Yfcuamn vdþftn? jrnidùa fauaidntdvn afcntdvn. ] ]frif frifrn rn vdþftn vdþftn? jrnidùa datfrrjcntdvn. Iunrtn vdþftn? jrnidùa fxi`nhntdvn fxi`nhntdvn.. ^udatn vdþftn? jrnidùa muedtntdvn. Yfxtn vdþftn? jrnidùa fxi`nhntdvn. Jitnvn vdþftn? jrnidùa datfrrjcntdvn. • Fbfitdvnhfatf, `js cfstjs nijhpnþna `n nitdtum mf` gne`natf.
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[îc. >7->4. Jrtjcrnbèn. Yjadmjs y `ftrns
ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ntfaidùa n `n mdvfrsdmnm Ufbufrzj - Nit.7
@derj mdcdtn` - Nitdvdmnmfs datfrnitdvns
• Fignhjs n sufrtf f`fcdr `n in``f mf sn`dmn fa `n inrrfrn.
YJ@VIDJANUDJ
6. [rfpnrnidùa mf` tfxtj y mditnmj.
>. n e i m f b c g d o l ` h a þ j p q r s t u v w x y z. 5. Yf trntn fa inmn insj mf mjs `ftrns quf sf ouatna pnrn rfprfsfatnr ua sjadmj. Md- fqudvn`f n mjs< crnbjs n `ftrns j crnbèns. 9. Ufspufstn `derf. Gny 5; sjadmjs mdbfrfatfs?\n, f, d, j ,uX, \t, m, z, s ig, `, ``, r, rr, b, e, p, h, a, lX. Gny 59 `ftrns mdbfrfatfs? n, f, d, j, u, d, y, m, t, z, s, ig, b, e, v, r, `, ``, h, a, i, qu, g. =. • Fardquf rfidedù uan inrtn pjr ijrrfj ifrtdinmj. • Yf gdzj ua igdigùa n` infr pjr `n in``f. • Ifanhjs fa uan zjan aj nutjrdznmn pnrn buhnmjrfs. • Fa uan cufrrn auain cnan anmdf. • Ijhprnhjs ua ld`j mf qufsj fa `n inradifrèn.
>=
2. • Van `ftrn quf aj rfprfsfatf sjadmj n`cuaj? Gneèn, gfitîrfns, gny gny.. • Van `ftrn quf rfprfsfatf vnrdjs sjadmjs? Ifmfr \z, lX, insnmn \l, zX, gfitîrfns \r, rrX. • Mjs `ftrns quf sf ouatna pnrn rfprfsfatnr ua sjadmj? ``nhnen, nrrfmrnrsf, tdfrrn. 3. Rj`uatnm y trnenonr tdfafa fa ijhÿa `n `ftrn n< tnhedäa tdfafa fa ijhÿa f` hdshj sjadmj \eX< fa tjmj `j mfhîs sf mdbfrfaidna. Bufrzn y suidfatf tdfafa fa ijhÿa `js sjadmjs y `ftrns u, f, b< tnhedäa f` sjadmj \zX< fa tjmj `j mfhîs sf mdbfrfaidna. Fatrf insnmn y quf, `j ÿadij quf tdfafa fa ijhÿa fs f` sjadmj \lX< tjmj `j mfhîs fs mdbfrfatf. 7. Ufspufstn `derf.
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[îc. 5;-5>. Jrtjcrnbèn y `äxdij. @n sè`nen / Mdptjacj, gdntj, trdptjacj
ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ntfaidùa n `n mdvfrsdmnm Ufbufrzj - Nit.4 y >;
@derj mdcdtn` - Nitdvdmnmfs datfrnitdvns
YJ@VIDJANUDJ >. > vfrnaj. 5 ajvfmnm. 9 mîmsf`j. = `jij. 6 ij`nmjr. 2 mjrhd`ùa. 3 `jacdtumdan`. 7 an`cns. 4 Cnspnr. >; pnrtdrä. >> rfsuidtnr. >5 tnrmfidtn. >9 tn`jafs. 5
9. busd` / in`dmnm / rftne`j / ijhfstde`f =. pufatf / rèj / nvdùa / pdnaj / enÿ` / rnè` / `fùa / pdacðdaj / tjn``n / gdf`j 6.
[n`nerns Ij Ija Mdp Mdpttjacj
.
[n`nern
Yè`nen ]ùadin
Yè`nens Îtjans
vfrnaj ajvfmnm mîmsf`j `jij ij`nmjr mjrhd`ùa `jacdtumdan` an`cns Cnspnr pnrtdrä rfsuidtn tnrmfidtn tn`jafs
-rn-mnm mîm`j-mjr -`ùa -an` an`-pnr -rä -tnr -id-`j-
vf-aj aj-vf -sf-`j -ij ij-`n mjr-hd `ja-cd-tu-md -cns Cns pnr-tdr rf-su-id tnr-mf- -tn tn- -afs
5 vjin`fs ifrrnmns
pda-cðd-aj
[n`n `ne erns Ij Ija Gd Gdntj
vjin` nedfrtn vjin` nedfrtn + + vjin` 5 vjin`fs vjin` ifrrnmn ifrrnmn (y nedfrtns tùadin (y vdifvdifvfrsn vfrsn) gdf-`j pufa-tf n-vdùa pdn-aj
`f-ùa tj-n-``n
rè-j en-ÿ` rn-è`
2. [ufmf mnrsf? frjsdùa, tdfsn, tdfrrn, `dhpdîds, pÿn, pdfasn, ijpdîds, iufrj, vdumn, gärjf, ijgftf.
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[îc. 55 n 56. @dtfrnturn. @js cäafrjs `dtfrnrdjs
ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ufiursjs pnrn f` nu`n - @js cäafrjs y suecäafrjs - @n anrrnidùa
Ntfaidùa n `n mdvfrsdmnm Ufbufrzj - Nit. >> Nhp`dnidùa - Nit. 9 @derj mdcdtn` - Nitdvdmnmfs datfrnitdvns
rntdvj mf` vfrej dr, vf. [jr fsj f` pjfhn tfrhdan ija ua Hf vjy.
YJ@VIDJANUDJ >. F` tfxtj aj `dtfrnrdj fs f` E, pjrquf tdfaf uan an`dmnm i`nrnhfatf dabjrhntdvn, y, pjr tnatj, prîitdin. Aj fxp`din ad irfn ua huamj dhncdanrdj, sdaj n`cj rfn` y jeoftdvj.
=. Fa N y I, `ns jvfons gne`na, tdfafa vdmn prjpdn, pjsffa rnscjs guhnajs, vdvfa fa sjidfmnm.
5. Fa `js tfxtjs N y I, `ns jvfons pfrtfafifa n `n iidùa, aj sja rfn`fs? gne`na, tdfafa vdmn prjpdn, pjsffa rnscjs guhnajs, sja nitdvns. Fa f` E, Mj``y fs rfn`, nitÿn ijhj ua pfrbfitj nadhn` n` sfrvdidj, fa fstf fst f insj, mf `n idfaidn guhnan.
2. Ufspufstn `derf.
9. F` pjfhn oufcn fa su an` ija f` pnrfidmj bjaätdij quf sf fstne`fif fatrf f` sjadmj mf` en`dmj Ef, Ef y f` dhpf-
9. F` pjfhn mf N`efrtd ijatdfaf = fstrjbns.
>2
6. F` tfxtj N pfrtfafif n` cäafrj anrrntdvj, y f` I, n` `èrdij.
F` rdaiùa mf Fmcnr >. F` N y f` E fstîa fa prjsn< f` I, fa vfrsj. 5. F` tfxtj E ijatdfaf 6 pîrrnbjs.
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>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
[îc. 52-53. Fvn`unidùa mf `n uadmnm
YJ@VIDJANUDJ >. @n ijhuadinidùa ijasdstf fa f` datfrinhedj sfrfs. mf hfasnofs fatrf mjs j hîs 5. @js sfrfs guhnajs rfn`dzna ua tdpj mf ijhuadinidùa quf aj pufmfa rfn`dznr `js nadhn`fs ijhj fs `n ijhuadinidùa vfren`, quf ijasdstf fa utd`dznr ua `facunof ija pn`nerns, fs mfidr, sdcajs nrtdiu`nmjs y quf sf pufmfa mfsijhpjafr fa uadmnmfs hèadhns. 9. Fa `n sdtunidùa fa quf hf faiufatrj fa fstjs hjhfatjs, f` prjbfsjr quf hf gn prjpufstj f` fxnhfa fs f` fhdsjr, f` ijatfadmj mf `n prufen fs f` hfasnof, y yj, n`uhaj, sjy f` rfifptjr. F` `facunof ija quf fstî fxprfsnmn `n prufen fs f` iùmdcj < `n gjon mjamf tfacj `ns iufstdjafs fs f` inan` y, pjr ÿ`tdhj, f` nu`n mjamf nprfamj fs f` ijatfxtj. =. - Fatrna pjr mf Hnrèn pufrtn `n? AJ, pjrquf fs uan ijhedanidùa mf pn`nerns quf ijhj tn` aj tdfaf sfatdmj. - [jr `n ajigf tjmjs `js cntjs sja pnrmjs? YÈ, pjrquf nquè `n ijhedanidùa mf pn`nerns tdfaf sfatdmj ijhp`ftj. - [ufrtn mf N`in`î? AJ, pjrquf aj gny adacÿa vfrej ijaoucnmj. - @n Ajigf mf Ufyfs ijatdfaf uan hncdn fspfidn`? YÈ, pjrquf nquè `n ijhedanidùa mf pn`nerns tdfaf sfatdmj ijhp`ftj. - ¡^uä hnþnadtn!? AJ, pjrquf aj gny adacÿa vfrej ijaoucnmj. 6. - Npncn `n `uz iunamj tf vnyns? hnamntj. Jrnidùa dhpfrnj fxgjrtntdvn. - tdvdn ¡Jon`î nidfrtf `n qudadf`n!? mfsfj. Jrnidùa mfsdmfrntdvn - ºRfamrî tu gfrhnan gjy n `n fstn:? prfcuatn. Jrnidùa datfrrjcntdvn. - ]n` vfz fsijcdù f` jtrj inhdaj? mumn. Jrnidùa muedtntdvn. - Fa fstns ijhprns aj sf nmhdtfa mfvj`uidjafs? dabjrhnidùa. Jrnidùa fauaidntdvn afcntdvn. 2.
Ycmj. crnhntdin` mfsmf, pjrquf, su
Ycmj. `äxdij prjatj, fabfrhj, tdfafs,
[n`nern vnrdne`f
[n`. davnrdne`f
fabfrhj, tdfafs, su, pnatn``n
prjatj, mfsmf, pjrquf
pnatn``n 3. Ufspufstn nedfrtn. - ua mècrnbj? iun`qudfr pn`nern quf ijatfacn ig, rr, ``?
``uvdn, inrrj, igdhfafn. - uan `ftrn quf aj rfprfsfatf sjadmj n`cuaj? iun`qudfr pn`nern quf ``fvf g? guf``n, gjon. - uan `ftrn quf rfprfsfatf vnrdjs sjadmjs? iun`qudfr pn`nern quf ijatfacn c, i j r? Cdoùa, ijrnzùa, nrrnstrnr. 7. - qufsj/ijsn? sf mdbfrfaidna fa quf qufsj ``fvn f` sjadmj f, hdfatrns quf ijsn ``fvn f` sjadmj n< tjmj `j mfhîs fs ijhÿa bjaätdinhfatf. Nuaquf, pnrn ua hdshj sjadmj l, gna fhp`fnmj mjs crnbèns mdstdatns? qu y i. - gjherf/gjarn? gjherf ``fvn `js sjadmjs h y f, hdfatrns quf gjarn ``fvn `js sjadmjs a y n. Nuaquf ``fvfa `n hdshn crnbèn r, fa gjherf f` sjadmj fs sfaid``j, hdfatrns hdfat rns quf fa gjarn fs mje`f. - n`inaznr/nifrinr ? fa n`inaznr tfafhjs `js sjadmjs ` y a quf aj tfafhjs fa nifrinr, mjamf faijatrnhjs f` sjadmj f quf aj faijatrnhjs fa n`inaznr. Nhejs ijdaidmfa fa f` sjadmj z, nuaquf ija mjs crnbèns mdstdatns? i / z. 4. prj pufs N ]
tj tdfh pj N ] N pn sn mj das trui idùa N ] N N N ] brf iufa tf igj rrn mns N N ] N ] N >;. Ijatdfafa mdptjacj? prjpufstj? bjrhnmj pjr vjin` mäed`,u, y vjin` bufrtf f. tdfhpj? bjrhnmj pjr vjin` mäed`,d, y vjin` bufrtf f. dastruiidùa? bjrhnmj pjr vjin` mäed`,d, y vjin` bufrtf j. brfiufatf? bjrhnmj pjr vjin` mäed`,u, y vjin` bufrtf f. Ufspufstn nedfrtn? pnanmfrèn, enÿ`,... >>.. Iunamj ajs rfbfrdhjs n sfatdhdfatjs >> sfa tdhdfatjs y fhjidjafs, gnmf` cäafrj `èrdij. Yd gne`nhjs mf uan`anrrnmjr ye`nhjs uajs pfrsjanofs, ajs fstnhjs rfrdfamj cäafrj anrrntdvj. Yd npnrfifa mdî`jcjs y nijtnidjafs, ajs faijatrnhjs ija f` cäafrj mrnhîtdij.
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CVÈN MDMÎI]DIN
>. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ ]FHN >.
[îc. 57-54. Van hdrnmn gnidn bufrn. Van ajtdidn pfrdjmèstdin
ENAIJ MF UFIVUYJY Ufiursjs pnrn f` nu`n Mjiuhfatjs [jwfr [jdat - Ijhj fstî pfrdùmdij
gfigj
ua
@derj mdcdtn` - Iùhj fstî gfigj ua pfrdùmdij
JUDFA]NIDJAFY MDMÎI]DINY Hdrn gnidn bufrn y trnenon tus ijhpftfaidns N pnrtdr mf fstns mjs pîcdans sf pufmf prjbuamdznr hîs j hfajs sjerf uan ajtdidn pfrdjmèstdin. Yf pnrtf mf `n JEYFURNIDÙA mf uan bjtjcrnbèn ifrinan n` huamj mf `js nmj`fsifatfs pnrn quf sf p`natffa `ns prfcuatns n `ns quf tjmn ajtdidn mfef rfspjamfr. Va sfcuamj pnsj ijasdstdrèn fa f` UFIJAJIDHDFA]J mf `ns pnrtfs mf uan ajtdidn. @js n`uhajs pjmrèna npjrtnr ajtdidns f`fcdmns pjr f``js pnrn ijastntnr mdigns pnrtfs. [jr ÿ`tdhj, sf `fs prjpjaf `n UFMNIIDÙA mf uan ajtdidn rf`nidjanmn ija `n bjtjcrnbèn.
>7
YJ@VIDJANUDJ >. • @js prjtncjadstns sja ua pÿe`dij ouvfad`< gny huigjs fspfitnmjrfs y sja oùvfafs. Fstîa n`fcrfs f dahfrsjs fa f` ijaidfrtj. • Yf fstî if`fernamj ua ijaidfrtj, n tfajr mf `n damuhfatnrdn y cfstjs mf `ns huignigns hu ignigns mf` prdhfr p`naj. • [jr `ns inhdsftns mf hnacn ijrtn, fs vfrnaj. • F` ijaidfrtj sf if`fern n` ndrf `derf, fa ua fstnmdj. • F` gfigj mf quf ``fvfa `n hdshn inhdsftn damuif n pfasnr quf sja ua crupj mf bnas mf` crupj quf fstî nitunamj. 5. Ufspufstn `derf
@FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
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]FHN >. >. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@
Hjmf`j mf fvn`unidùa AJHEUF?
IVUYJ?
>. º^uä mdbfrfaidn gny fatrf ijhuadinidùa vfren` y ijhuadinidùa aj vfren`:
BFIGN?
=. ºMf quä i`nsf sja fstns jrnidjafs sfcÿa `n datfaidùa mf` gne`natf: - Jon`î hf tjquf `n `jtfrèn. - Mfon fsj mjamf fstnen. - Hnþnan drä n insn mf Ouna n gnifr ua trnenoj mf idfaidns. - º^udäa cnaù f` Jsinr n `n datfrprftnidùa hnsiu`dan: - ¡Iùhj hf custna `js enrqud``js mf igjij`ntf!
5. Mfaf erfvfhfatf `js sdcudfatfs f`fhfatjs quf datfrvdfafa fa `n ijhuadinidùa? • F` fhdsjr?
- [ufmf quf `n sfhnan quf vdfaf vdnof n Fstjij`hj.
6. I`nsdin `ns sdcudfatfs pn`nerns sfcÿa tfacna sdcadinmj `äxdij j crnhntdin`. Damdin tnhedäa sd sja vnrdne`fs j davnrdne`fs. `ns / `fatj / auef / quf / sj` / tu / mftrîs / hnþnan / ua / y / hnþnan hnþnan / pfrj
• F` rfifptjr?
• F` hfasnof?
Y. `äxdij
Y. crnhntdin`
Rnrdne`fs
• F` inan`?
• F` iùmdcj?
Davnrdne`fs
• F` ijatfxtj?
2. [ja fofhp`js mf pn`nerns fa `ns quf sf mfa `js sdcudfatfs insjs? • Rnrdns `ftrns quf prfsfatna ua sj`j sjadmj?
9. Mf niufrmj ija tu rfspufstn natfrdjr, rfn`dzn f` fsqufhn mf` nitj ijhuadintdvj. • Van `ftrn quf rfprfsfatn vnrdjs sjadmjs?
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HJMF@J MF FRN@VNIDÙA
]FHN >. >. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@ • Mjs `ftrns quf sf ouatna pnrn rfprfsfatnr ua sj`j sjadmj?
• Va `ftrn quf aj rfprfsfatn adacÿa sjadmj?
>;. Md n quä cäafrj ijrrfspjamf f` sdcudfatf tfxtj y fxp`din pjr quä. N `n `uan vfadmfrn tf nijstnrîs n pnrdr y tu vdfatrf vdfatrf drrnmdnrî drrnmdnrî `n i`nrdmnm sjerf hè. N`ejrnmn mf tu vdfatrf, inmn vfz hîs i`nrj fa sè, fsi`nrfidfamj `js pjzjs,
3. Yfpnrn `ns sè`nens mf `ns sdcudfatfs pn`nerns y sfþn`n
najigfidfamj f` hnr`. N `n `uan vfadmfrn f` huamj sf vuf`vf n nerdr.
`n sè`nen tùadin? nvdùa? pnrncuns? nifrtdoj? daifrtdmuherf? iudmnmj? dayfiidùa? cufpnrmj? pdnaj? vdnmuitj? ncunifrj?
Hdcuf` Gfraîamfz
7. Mfaf y pja fofhp`js? • Mdptjacj?
• Gdntj?
4. º^uä fs ua tfxtj `dtfrnrdj: ºIuîatjs cäafrjs gny:
5;
@FACVN INY]F@@NAN T @D]FUN]VUN
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]FHN >. >. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@
YJ@VIDJANUDJ - H. FRN@VNIDÙA >. º^uä mdbfrfaidn gny fatrf ijhuadinidùa vfren` y ijhuadinidùa aj vfren`: @n ijhuadinidùa aj vfren` fs nquf``n quf sf rfn`dzn hfmdnatf cfstjs, rudmjs, j`jrfs... y sf mn tnatj fa nadhn`fs ijhj fa sfrfs guhnajs. Yda fhenrcj `n ijhuadinidùa vfren` fs nquf``n quf sf rfn`dzn hfmdnatf f` `facunof y fs prjpdn mf `js sfrfs guhnajs, fs `j quf ajs mdbfrfaidn mf `js nadhn`fs. 5. Mfaf erfvfhfatf `js sdcudfatfs f`fhfatjs quf datfrvdfafa fa `n ijhuadinidùa? • F` fhdsjr? fs f` quf trnashdtf dabjrhnidùa. • F` rfifptjr? fs f` quf rfidef dabjrhnidùa. • F` hfasnof? fs `n dabjrhnidùa. • F` inan`? fs f` hfmdj pjr f` quf sf trnashdtf f` hfasnof. • F` iùmdcj? fs f` ijaouatj mf sdcajs quf sdcufa uans rfc`ns y sf ijhedana pnrn f`nejrnr hfasnofs. • F` ijatfxtj? fs `n sdtunidùa fa `n quf suifmf f` nitj ijhuadintdvj.
9. Mf niufrmj ija tu rfspufstn natfrdjr, rfn`dzn f` fsqufhn mf` nitj ijhuadintdvj. Hfasnof Fhdsjr
6. I`nsdin `ns sdcudfatfs pn`nerns sfcÿa tfacna sdcadinmj `äxdij j crnhntdin`. Damdin tnhedäa sd sja vnrdne`fs j davnrdne`fs `ns / `fatj / auef / quf / sj` / tu / mftrîs / hnþnan / ua / y / hnþnan hnþnan / pfrj Y. `äxdij
Y. crnhntdin`
Rnrdne`fs
`fatj, auef, sj`, mftrîs hnþnan,
Davnrdne`fs
`ns, ua, f``n
quf, y, pfrj
2. [ja fofhp`js mf pn`nerns fa `ns quf sf mfa `js sdcudfatfs insjs? • Rnrdns `ftrns quf prfsfatna ua sj`j sjadmj? p. fo.? \ijij, ld`j, qufsjX, \entf, vf`nX • Van `ftrn quf rfprfsfatn vnrdjs sjadmjs? p. fo.? \ifrd``n, inrrftfX, \rjtj, hdrnX
Ufifptjr
Inan`
Iùmdcj Ijatfxtj
=. ºMf quä i`nsf sja fstns jrnidjafs sfcÿa `n datfaidùa mf` gne`natf: - Jon`î hf tjquf `n `jtfrèn. Mfsdmfrntdvn - Mfon fsj mjamf fstnen. Dhpfrntdvn - Hnþnan drä n insn mf Ouna n gnifr ua trnenoj mf idfaidns. Fauaidntdvn - º^udäa cnaù f` Jsinr n `n datfrprftnidùa hnsiu`dan: Datfrrjcntdvn - ¡Iùhj hf custna `js enrqud``js mf igjij`ntf! Fxi`nhntdvn - [ufmf quf `n sfhnan quf vdfaf vdnof n Fstjij`hj. Muedtntdvn
• Mjs `ftrns quf sf ouatna pnrn rfprfsfatnr ua sj`j sjadmj? p. fo.? ignvn`, ``uvdn, nrrjz • Va `ftrn quf aj rfprfsfatn adacÿa sjadmj? p. fo.? gufsj, cudsnatf
3. Yfpnrn `ns sè`nens mf `ns sdcudfatfs pn`nerns y sfþn`n `n sè`nen tùadin? nvdùa? n-vdùa pnrncuns? pn-rn-cuns nifrtdoj? n-ifr-td-oj daifrtdmuherf? da-ifr-td-muh-erf iudmnmj? iud-mn-mj dayfiidùa? da-yfi-idùa cufpnrmj? cuf-pnr -mj -mj pdnaj? pdn-aj vdnmuitj? vdn-mui-tj ncunifrj? n-cun-if-rj
7. Mfaf y pja fofhp`js? • Mdptjacj? Vadùa mf mjs vjin`fs quf sf prjauaidna fa `n hdshn sè`nen. [nrn quf f``j jiurrn `ns mjs vjin`fs gna mf sfr ifrrnmns (idumnm) j uan nedfrtn y jtrn ifrrnmn (pdfasn).
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]FHN >. >. VA FAIVFA]UJ INYVN@
YJ@VIDJANUDJ - H. FRN@VNIDÙA
• Gdntj? Vadùa mf mjs vjin`fs pfrj quf inmn vjin` pfrtfafif n uan sè`nen mdbfrfatf. [nrn quf f``j jiurrn `ns mjs vjin`fs gna mf sfr nedfrtns (pfjazn) j uan nedfrtn y jtrn ifrrnmn tùadin (inèmn).
4. º^uä fs ua tfxtj `dtfrnrdj: ºIuîatjs cäafrjs gny: Va tfxtj `dtfrnrdj fs nquf` quf aj tdfaf ua jeoftj prîitdij, sdaj uan an`dmnm fstätdin? pfrsdcuf `n ef``fzn. Fs tna dhpjrtnatf `j quf sf mdif ijhj `n bjrhn mf gnifr`j. @n pn`nern sf utd`dzn pnrn irfnr pfrsjanofs, gdstjrdns, huamjs mf iidùa, fs mfidr, dhncdanmjs f damfpfamdfatfs mf `n rfn`dmnm. Yfcÿa f` ijatfadmj y `n bjrhn mf `n jern `dtfrnrdn pjmfhjs mdbfrfaidnr `js sdcudfatfs cäafrjs? anrrntdvj, `èrdij y mrnhîtdij. >;. Md n quä cäafrj ijrrfspjamf f` sdcudfatf tfxtj y fxp`din pjr quä. N `n `uan vfadmfrn tf nijstnrîs n pnrdr y tu vdfatrf vdfatrf drrnmdnrî drrnmdnrî `n i`nrdmnm sjerf hè. N`ejrnmn mf tu vdfatrf, inmn vfz hîs i`nrj fa sè, fsi`nrfidfamj `js pjzjs, najigfidfamj f` hnr`. N `n `uan vfadmfrn f` huamj sf vuf`vf n nerdr. Hdcuf` Gfraîamfz Ijrrfspjamf n` cäafrj `èrdij pjrquf fstî fsirdtj fa vfrsj y f` yj quf gne`n fxprfsn sus sfatdhdfatjs y fhjidjafs.
55
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