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HD^]H]V]I ]FNDI@ÞAHNI ^V[FUHIU EBÒI^

]FNDI@ÞAHB ^V[FUHIU FD F@FN]UIOFNÂDHNB

AVÏB MHMÂN]HNB MF F@FN]UÞDHNB EÂ^HNB MINFD]F3 HDA. BDMUÈ^ ^ÂDNGFS EBÒI^ MF BAVB ^BD]B Divhfoerf 5;27-Obrzi 5;28

 

 

HD^]H]V]I ^V[FUHIU ]FNDI@ÞAHNI EBÒI^ AVHB MHMBN]HNB 2 ]FOB3 ]UBD^LIUOBMIUF^ F@FN]UÞDHNI^ 2.  HD]UIMVNNHID Fd `b prfsfdtf auïb mf fstumhi fdnidtrbrâ `is trbslirobmirfs f`fntrþdhnis y su uth`hzbnhþd, bsï nioi `is niopidfdtfs mf su nidstrunnhþd nid nâ`nu`is mf  eiehdbmis prhobrhis y sfnudmbrhis. F` prinfmhohfdti fstbrâ nidsthtuhmi mf lbsfs mf mhsfòi y nidstrunnhþd y prufebs mf ludnhidbohfdti, quf `f pfrohthrâd udb irhfdtbnhþd niop`fofdtbrhb pbrb f` mfsbrri``i prbnthni. prbnthni . 5.  NIO[F]FDNHB^ Vstfm fstbrâ fd `b nbpbnhmbm mf pimfr hmfdthlhnbr, h mfdthlhnbr, mhsfòbr y nidstruhr ud trbdslirobmir f`fntrþdhni eâshni rfmuntir, pfrohthfdmi mftfrohdbr `bs mhlfrfdtfs mhofdshidfs, nb`herfs y fstrunturb quf nidlirobd `b prânthnb. >.  CV^]HLHNBNHID @is niopidfdtfs f`fntrþdhnis bnthvis sid udb pbrtf hopirtbdtf mf `b f`fntrþdhnb, mf bgï suraf `b dfnfshmbm mf mhsfòbr y nidstruhr ud trbslirobmir rfmuntir b lrfnufdnhbs nioudfs mf usi mf `bs rfmfs f`èntrhnbs. F` trbdslirobmir fs bquf` mhspishthvi bnthvi quf fs hdmhspfdsbe`f su usi fd `is nhrnuhtis f`fntrþdhnis, f` mfsnidinhohfdti mf su usi bp`hnbnhþd y ludnhidbohfdti nrfb ud  pudti nrïthni nrïthni fd f` bdâ`hshs bdâ`hshs mf lb``bs mf nub`quhfr shstfob shstfob f`fntrþdhni, yb quf ssid id  pbrtf ludmbofdtb` mf `bs lufdtfs mf nirrhfdtf mhrfntb, bdâ`hshs mf lb``bs y rfpbrbnhidfs. =.  BN]H\HMBMF^ Nid fstb auïb mhmânthnb sf hmfdthlhnbrâ hdhnhb`ofdtf, f` ludnhidbohfdti mf`  eiehdbmi prhobrhi y sfnudmbrhi mf ud trbdslirobmir sfdnh``i nid dón`fi mf lfrrhtb rfmuntir mf BN-BN, pbrb pistfrhirofdtf nb`nu`br `bs mhofdshidfs nb`herf mf` nbe`f y lbntir mf rfmunnhþd quf sf nrfbrâ fd ebsf b `is pbrâoftris fstbe`fnhmis pbrb `b rfmunnhþd mf tfdshþd, bmfoâs mf udb mfsnrhpnhþd mf `bs mhofdshidfs quf hdtfrvhfdfd fd f` nirrfnti ludnhidbohfdti mf mhspishthvi, bmhnhidb`ofdtf sf rfb`hzbrbd `bs prufebs mf ludnhidbohfdti y nb`nu`i mf` lbntir mf nidvfrshþd nrfbmi pir `b vbrhbnhþd mf eiehdbmis y mhlfrfdtfs mhofdshidfs mf` dón`fi mf lfrrhtb, uth`hzbmi nioódofdtf fd `b lberhnbnhþd mf fstis mhspishthvis. [brâoftris mf Nidstrunnhþd [itfdnhb? \ x H  D2/D5 ? \2/\5 dóofri mf vuf`tbs mf` prhobrhi sierf f` dóofri mf vuf`tbs mf` sfnudmbrhi fs haub` b `b rf`bnhþd fdtrf f` vi`tbcf mf` prhobrhi sierf f` vi`tbcf mf` sfnudmbrhi. Lþrou`bs pbrb nâ`nu`i mf trbdslirobmirfs Ârfb mf` dón`fi ? B

 

Ârfb fs haub` b `b nidstbdtf ou`thp`hnbmb rbïzy nubmrbmb mf `b pitfdnhb mf` trbdslirobmir midmf * ?*;.7 sh f` dón`fipir fs`blhdi 2.5 sh f` dón`fi fs mf hdlfrhir nb`hmbm. ]iobois dirob`ofdtf 2 F` rfsu`tbmi r fsu`tbmi sf iethfdf fd no5 y fs f` ârfb rfntbdau`br rfntbdau`br mf` dón`fi obrnbmb fd bzu` mf `b lhaurb. Uf`bnhþd mf mf vuf`tbs (fsphrbs) pir vi`thi ? B x ;.;5225 F` vi`tbcf mfsfbmi pbrb nbmb nbsi sf mhvhmhrâ pir f` rfsu`tbmi mf fstf dóofri. F` rfsu`tbmi fs f` dóofri mf vuf`tbs i fsphrbs pbrb fsf vi`tbcf fd pbrthnu`br.

6.  F\B@VBNHID @b fvb`ubnhþd sfrâ nidthdub, fd f``b sf iesfrvbrâd `is bvbdnfs quf ustfm gb tfdhmi sierf f` tfob, bsï nioi `bs mhlhnu`tbmfs quf sf prfsfdtbd fd su prinfsi mf bprfdmhzbcf. Fstb fvb`ubnhþd sf nu`ohdbrâ b` lhdb`hzbr nbmb sfnnhþd. .  CV^]HLHNBNHID @is niopidfdtfs f`fntrþdhnis bnthvis sid udb pbrtf hopirtbdtf mf `b f`fntrþdhnb, F` trbdshstir nioi f`fofdti mf nidoutbnhþd fs fsfdnhb` fd `b nidstrunnhþd mf `is nhrnuhtis f`fntrþdhnis, b` sfr ud f`fofdti nidtri`bmi pir nirrhfdtf, butiobthzb y pfrohtf `b nidoutbnhþd y bop`hlhnbnhþd mf sfòb`fs bdb`þahnbs y mhahtb`fs quf pfrohtf bop`hbr `bs ludnhidb`hmbmfs y ipfrbnhidfs quf pufmfd rfb`hzbrsf b dhvf` mf nhrnuhtis. F` trbdshstir EC] b` sfr ud mhspishthvi mf mie`f cudturb y mf obtfrhb` sfohnidmuntir fs niopbthe`f nid mhlfrfdtfs tfndi`iaïbs f`fntrþdhnbs y sid `b ebsf mf timi f`fofdti f`fntrþdhni. =.  BN]H\HMBMF^ Nid fstb auïb mhmânthnb sf hmfdthlhnbrâ hdhnhb`ofdtf, f` ludnhidbohfdti mf` ]rbdshstir fd nbmb udb mf sus pi`brhzbnhidfs, nirtf sbturbnhþd y bnthvb hmfdthlhnbdmi f` nidtri` y bp`hnbnhidfs pripirnhidb pir fstf f`fofdti bnthvi f`fntrþdhni, nidinfr `is nâ`nu`is pbrb nidsfauhr udb bop`hlhnbnhþd mf sfòb`fs y `is `ïohtfs mf trbebci fd nirtf y sbturbnhþd nioi nidoutbmir bnthvbmi pir nirrhfdtf, sus prhdnhpb`fs usis, vbrhbnhidfs fxhstfdtfs y prânthnbs mf ludnhidbohfdti. Fstrunturb Vd trbdshstir thfdf trfs tfrohdb`fs ebsf, fohsir y ni`fntir. Fohsir. - Fs udb nbpb mhspufstb pbrb fohthr f`fntridfs: f` fntridfs: fs ud tfrohdb` mf `is fxtrfois mf ud trbdshstir.   Fs f` tfrohdb` mf` itri fxtrfoi mf` trbdshstir y rfnhef `is Ni`fntir. f`fntridfs -quf fohtf f` fohsir.  

 

Ebsf. - fs f` tfrohdb` nfdtrb` y pfrohtf f` pbsi mf `is f`fntridfs. ^hoei`iaïb3

Fstbmis mf ud ]rbdshstir EC] Nirtf. - Fd fstf fstbmi f` trbdshstir di pfrohtf f` pbsi mf nirrhfdtf fdtrf f` ni`fntir y f` fohsir, sf niopirtb nioi sh lufrb ud hdtfrruptir behfrti. ^bturbnhþd. - F` trbdshstir pfrohtf f` pbsi mf nirrhfdtf mfsmf f` ni`fntir b` fohsir. Mf timbs lirobs, fstb nirrhfdtf di pufmf sfr mfobshbmi f`fvbmb, yb quf `b priphb nirrhfdtf nb`hfdtb b` trbdshstir pir flfnti Ciu`f y sh sf nb`hfdtb fxnfshvbofdtf, pufmf fstripfbrsf mf lirob pfrobdfdtf. Bnthvb. - Nubdmi ud trbdshstir sf fdnufdtrb fd fstf fstbmi mf ludnhidbohfdti,  pfrohtf bop`hlhnbr `b pitfdnhb pitfdnhb mf udb sfòb`. sfòb`. Arâlhni D.³ 2 Nbrbntfrïsthnbs mf `is fstbmis mf ud ]rbdshstir

Lþrou`bs pbrb nâ`nu`i mf `is pbrâoftris mf ud ]rbdshstir [brb `b uth`hzbnhþd mf ud trbdshstir fd `b ` b zidb bnthvb fs dfnfsbrhi rfb`hzbr i tiobr fd nufdtb `bs shauhfdtfs lþrou`bs quf pfrohtfd fdnidtrbr udb fstbeh`hmbm y pir fdmf sf pufmf bop`hlhnbr udb sfòb` b` hdarfsi mf ud trbdshstir, sf prfsfdtbrb  pbrb udb pi`brhzbnhþd nid mhvhsir mhvhsir mf tfdshþd quf fs `b oâs nioód fd f` usi usi mf trbdshstirfs.

 

6.  F\B@VBNHID @b fvb`ubnhþd sfrâ nidthdub, fd f``b sf iesfrvbrâd `is bvbdnfs quf ustfm gb tfdhmi sierf f` tfob, bsï nioi `bs mhlhnu`tbmfs quf sf prfsfdtbd fd su prinfsi mf bprfdmhzbcf. Fstb fvb`ubnhþd sf nu`ohdbrâ b` lhdb`hzbr nbmb sfnnhþd. /9h`?=8;5 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 Ciraf [`fhtf Aufrrb, Uhnbrmi \frabz Efdhti, Cisè Obduf` Uuhz mf Obrnis, F`fntrþdhnb bdb`þahnb pbrb hdafdhfris, OnArbw-Gh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhid 2, 5;;8 Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 ]ioâs Mïbz Nirniebmi, Aubmb`upf Nbroidb Uuehi, F`fntrþdhnb, OnArbwGh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhþd 2, 5;2; Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1gttps3//www.feiijs15=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 Cibquïd ^brohfdti. 5;;>-5;;=, ]rbdshstir Ehpi`br, Lufdtf3 gttp3//rie`f.pdthn.ofn.fs/~csbb;;>8/ gttp3//rie`f.pdthn.ofn.fs /~csbb;;>8/nunbeit/ehpi`br-fstbmis nunbeit/ehpi`br-fstbmis.gto` .gto`  

 

 

HD^]H]V]I ^V[FUHIU ]FNDI@ÞAHNI EBÒI^ AVHB MHMBN]HNB > ]FOB3 Nhrnuhtis Hdtfarbmis 2.  HD]UIMVNNHID Fd `b prfsfdtf auïb mf fstumhi sf fdnidtrbrâ f` tfob mf Hdtrimunnhþd b `is nhrnuhtis hdtfarbmis fd f`fntrþdhnb. Nid f` mfsbrri``i tfndi`þahni sf nrfbrid fdnbpsu`bmis nid bp`hnbnhidfs fspfnhlhnbs y pir fdmf fs dfnfsbrhi f` fstumhi mf su ludnhidbohfdti y bp`hnbnhidfs prhdnhpb`fs. Vdi mf `is nhrnuhtis eâshnis sf hdhnhb nid f` bdâ`hshs mf `is tfopirhzbmirfs pbrb `b nrfbnhþd mf nhrnuhtis oidifstbe`fs y bstbe`fs. Vd tfopirhzbmir fs ud nhrnuhti quf pfrohtf nrfbr udb sfòb` mf rf`ic nubmrbmb nid thfopis vbrhbe`fs fd ebsf b `bs dfnfshmbmfs mf` usubrhi. Bmhnhidb`ofdtf sf niop`fofdtb f` usi mf mhspishthvis pbshvis quf bniopbòbd b` nhrnuhti fd su nidlhaurbnhþd, fdtfdmhfdmi quf sf trbebcb fd nirrhfdtf mhrfntb. 5.  NIO[F]FDNHB^ Vstfm fstbrâ fd `b nbpbnhmbm mf pimfr hmfdthlhnbr, mhsfòbr y nidstruhr nhrnuhtis  ebsbmis fd fdnbpsu`bmis fdnbpsu`bmis fspfnïlhnis nid bp`hnbnhidfs vbrhbmbs, nhrnuhtis quf  pfrohtfd nrfb udb vbrhfmbm vbrhfmbm mf bp`hnbnhidfs nioi sfoâliris, sfoâliris, [QO, [QO, ^fòb`fs mf Uf`ic, ftn. F` fstumhbdtf bmhnhidb`ofdtf mfefrâ hmfdthlhnbr `bs nbrbntfrïsthnbs f`èntrhnbs y mhstrheunhþd mf phdfs fxhstfdtfs fd nbmb nbsi. >.  CV^]HLHNBNHID @is nhrnuhtis hdtfarbmis nioi f` @O666 pfrohtf hdhnhbr b` fstumhbdtf nid f` obdfci mf tfndi`iaïbs ]]@ mf bp`hnbnhidfs fspfnhlhnbs y nioudfs, f` tfopirhzbmir fs udi mf `is nhrnuhtis eâshnis mf `b f`fntrþdhnb f` usi mf fstf fs mf suob hopirtbdnhb pbrb `bs bp`hnbnhidfs y mfsbrri``i mf `bs tfoâthnbs y  priyfntis mf `b auïb nurrhnu`br fd fstb obtfrhb, fstf mhspishthvi pf pfrohtf rohtf nrfbr mhlfrfdtfs sfòb`fs mhahtb`fs nioi pbrtf mf `b f`fntrþdhnb mhahtb`, `is dhvf`fs `þahnis mf ; vi`this y 6 vi`this pfrohtf tfdfr fstbmis mf ud dhvf` b`ti y ebci. Fsti nid mhlfrfdtfs nâ`nu`is `is nub`fs mftfrohdbd thfopis fd b`ti y ebci. =.  BN]H\HMBMF^ Nid fstb auïb mhmânthnb sf hmfdthlhnbrâ hdhnhb`ofdtf, f` ludnhidbohfdti mf` ]fopirhzbmir 666 fd `bs mis nidlhaurbnhidfs fxhstfdtfs, tbdti fd oidifstbe`f quf pfrohtf nidtri`br f` thfopi fd b`ti mf` nhrnuhti y bstbe`f midmf sf nidtri`b thfopi fd b`ti y thfopi fd ebci. F` tfopirhzbmir HN 666 fs ud nhrnuhti hdtfarbmi (nghp) quf sf uth`hzb fd `b afdfrbnhþd mf tfopirhzbmirfs, pu`sis y isnh`bnhidfs. F` 666 pufmf sfr uth`hzbmi  pbrb pripirnhidbr rftbrmis mf thfopi, nioi ud isnh`bmir, y nioi ud nhrnuhti hdtfarbmi l`hp l`ip.

 

]fopirhzbmir 666 oidifstbe`f

Lþrou`bs

] ? 2.2*U 2*N 

]fopirhzbmir 666 bstbe`f

Lþrou`bs ^b`hmb b dhvf` b`ti3 ]2 ? ;.*(U2 + U5) *N  ^b`hmb b dhvf` ebci3 ]5 ? ;.*U5*N

L ? 2/] ? 2.== / ZN*(U2+5*U5)_  6.  F\B@VBNHID @b fvb`ubnhþd sfrâ nidthdub, fd f``b sf iesfrvbrâd `is bvbdnfs quf ustfm gb tfdhmi sierf f` tfob, bsï nioi `bs mhlhnu`tbmfs quf sf prfsfdtbd fd su prinfsi mf bprfdmhzbcf. Fstb fvb`ubnhþd sf nu`ohdbrâ b` lhdb`hzbr nbmb sfnnhþd. /9h`?=8;5 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3= =>/9h`?=8;5

 

Ciraf [`fhtf Aufrrb, Uhnbrmi \frabz Efdhti, Cisè Obduf` Uuhz mf Obrnis, F`fntrþdhnb bdb`þahnb pbrb hdafdhfris, OnArbw-Gh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhid 2, 5;;8 Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 ]ioâs Mïbz Nirniebmi, Aubmb`upf Nbroidb Uuehi, F`fntrþdhnb, OnArbwGh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhþd 2, 5;2; Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1gttps3//www.feiijs15=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 H]^] - MH\. HHDL (XB^^FU OBUÏD), 5; mf ^fpthfoerf 5;2< Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.b``beiutnhrnuhts.nio/tii`s/666-thofr-bstbe`f-nhrnuht/ gttps3//www.uv.fs/obrhdc`/f`fntri/666.gto gttps3//www.f`fntridhns-tutirhb`s.ws/wbvfliros/666-nhrnuhts-pbrt-2.gto`  

 

 

HD^]H]V]I ^V[FUHIU ]FNDI@ÞAHNI EBÒI^ AVHB MHMBN]HNB = ]FOB3 Lufdtfs mf B`hofdtbnhþd F`fntrþdhnb 2.  HD]UIMVNNHID Fd `b prfsfdtf auïb mf fstumhi sf fdnidtrbrâ f` tfob Lufdtfs mf B`hofdtbnhþd F`fntrþdhnb, quf sid lufdtfs `hdfb`fs y nidoutbmbs, pbrthfdmi mf mhsfòi hop`fofdtbnhþd y nidstrunnhþd bmhnhidb`ofdtf sf fstumhb `b nrfbnhþd mf nhrnuhtis f`fntrþdhnis fd ebquf`htb, hdhnhbdmi nid f` mhsfòi y nrfbnhþd mf p`bnbs fd siltwbrf, nrfbnhþd mf ebquf`htbs pir f` oètimi mf` p`bdngbmi, pfrlirbnhþd si`mbmurb ud prinfsi niop`fti quf f` fstumhbdtf sfrâ nbpbz mf nrfbr y rfpbrbr nhrnuhtis f`fntrþdhnis, fd fstb sfnnhþd sf uth`hzb `is nidnfptis mf usi mf trbdslirobmirfs mf tfdshþd y pufdtf rfnthlhnbmir quf pfrohthrâ nrfbr udb lufdtf `hdfb`. 5.  NIO[F]FDNHB^ Vstfm fstbrâ fd `b nbpbnhmbm mf pimfr hmfdthlhnbr, mhsfòbr y nidstruhr nhrnuhtis f`fntrþdhnis niop`ftis fopfzbdmi nid f` mhsfòi, nrfbnhþd y rfpbrbnhþd fd timis `is âoehtis mf `b f`fntrþdhnb, nbmb mhsfòi sfrâ ódhni y tfdmrâ udb bp`hnbnhþd fspfnïlhnb, bmhnhidb`ofdtf sf nidinfrâ f` ludnhidbohfdti mf `bs lufdtfs nidoutbmbs. nidoutbmbs. >.  CV^]HLHNBNHID @bs Lufdtfs f`fntrþdhnbs sid udi mf `is f`fofdtis obs uth`hzbmis fd `b f`fntrþdhnb yb quf `b obyirïb mf mhspishthvis f`fntrþdhnis pisffd udb lufdtf quf pfrohtf nidvfrthr `b Nirrhfdtf B`tfrdb fd Nirrhfdtf Nidthdub, nidinfr f` ludnhidbohfdti mf fstis f`fofdtis pfrohtf b` usubrhi niopriebr y nirrfahr frrirfs, fstis nidnfptis sid mf suob hopirtbdnhb fd `b f`fntrþdhnb `b nidstrunnhþd mf fstis f`fofdtis, rflufrzbd f` bprfdmhzbcf mf `b obtfrhb. Niop`fofdtbr `is nidnfptis mf f`fntrþdhnb nid trbdslirobmirfs y pufdtfs rfnthlhnbmirfs pfrohtfd `b rfb`hmbm mflh`tri. `bs sfòb`fs mf `bs sfòb`fs f`èntrhnb y f` ludnhidbohfdti mf udvfr nbpbnhtir nioi

=.  BN]H\HMBMF^ Nid fstb auïb mhmânthnb sf hmfdthlhnbrâ hdhnhb`ofdtf, f` ludnhidbohfdti mf `bs lufdtfs `hdfb`fs pbrb pistfrhir nidstruhr vbrhis thpis mf lufdtfs mf nirrhfdtf f`èntrhnb mfsmf 6, 8 25 vi`this nid rfau`bmirfs rf au`bmirfs mf tfdshþd y bmhnhidb`ofdtf udb lufdtf rfau`be`f quf pfrohtf b` usubrhi nidtri`br `b tfdshþd mf sb`hmb, bdb`hzbr `is thpis mf trbdslirobmirfs t rbdslirobmirfs quf fxhstfd pbrb udb lufdtf. ]rbdslirobmir Ufmuntir Vd trbdslirobmir f`èntrhni fs udb oâquhdb fstâthnb mf nirrhfdtf b`tfrdb quf  pfrohtf vbrhbr b`audb ludnhþd mf `b nirrhfdtf nioi f` vi`tbcf i `b hdtfdshmbm, obdtfdhfdmi `b lrfnufdnhb y `b pitfdnhb, fd f` nbsi mf ud trbdslirobmir hhmfb` mfb`

 

  @is trbdslirobmirfs sf ebsbd fd `b hdmunnhþd h dmunnhþd f`fntriobadèthnb. f`fntriobadèthnb. B` bp`hnbr udb lufrzb f`fntrioitrhz fd f` mfvbdbmi prhobrhi, fs mfnhr udb tfdshþd, sf irhahdb ud l`uci obadèthni fd f` dón`fi mf ghfrri. Fstf l`uci vhbcbrâ mfsmf f` mfvbdbmi  prhobrhi gbstb f` sfnudmbrhi. Nid su oivhohfdti irhahdbrâ udb lufrzb f`fntriobadèthnb fd f` mfvbdbmi sfnudmbrhi. ^faód `b @fy mf @fdz, `b nirrhfdtf mfef sfr b`tfrdb pbrb quf sf primuznb fstb vbrhbnhþd mf l`uci. F` trbdslirobmir di pufmf uth`hzbrsf nid nirrhfdtf nidthdub.

Mhsfòi mf Lufdtfs mf B`hofdtbnhþd F`fntrþdhnb

Mhbarbob mf udb Lufdtf @hdfb`

 

Vth`hzbdmi f` ohsoi fsqufob y susthtuyfdmi f` @17;6 pir itris mf `b ohsob sfrhf nioi pufmf sfr f` 1725, 1726, 175= y rfnb`nu`bdmi f` vb`ir mf timis `is niopidfdtfs pimrfois ietfdfr lufdtfs mf b`hofdtbnhþd mf mhsthdtbs tfdshidfs mf sb`hmb.

Lufdtf mf B`hofdtbnhþd \brhbe`f ^id mhspishthvis f`fntrþdhnis quf pfrohtfd nidtri`bd `b tfdshþd mf sb`hmb bcustbdmi nidthdubofdtf `b nbïmb mf tfdshþd fd ud trbdshstir mf pitfdnhb nidfntbmi fd sfrhf fdtrf `b fdtrbmb y `b sb`hmb. Fs mfnhr quf ipfrbd nid udb nirrhfdtf nidthdub, midmf f` dhvf` mf tfdshþd b `b fdtrbmb shfoprf mfef sfr supfrhir b` mf sb`hmb

Mhbarbob mf `b lufdtf \brhbe`f

6.  F\B@VBNHID @b fvb`ubnhþd sfrâ nidthdub, fd f``b sf iesfrvbrâd iesfrvbrâd `is bvbdnfs quf ustfm gb tfdhmi sierf f` tfob, bsï nioi `bs mhlhnu`tbmfs quf sf prfsfdtbd fd su prinfsi mf bprfdmhzbcf. Fstb fvb`ubnhþd sf nu`ohdbrâ b` lhdb`hzbr nbmb sfnnhþd. /9h`?=8;5 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 Ciraf [`fhtf Aufrrb, Uhnbrmi \frabz Efdhti, Cisè Obduf` Uuhz mf Obrnis, F`fntrþdhnb bdb`þahnb pbrb hdafdhfris, OnArbw-Gh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhid 2, 5;;8 Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 ]ioâs Mïbz Nirniebmi, Aubmb`upf Nbroidb Uuehi, F`fntrþdhnb, OnArbwGh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhþd 2, 5;2; Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1gttps3//www.feiijs15=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 F`fntriniopidfdtfs F`fntriniopidfd tfs ^.B. Mbrïi Uboïrfz Lufdtfs Mf B`hofdtbnhþd F`fntridhnb Lufdtf3 gttp3//www.sbsf.nio.br/5;22/lh`fs/5;2;/22/^B^F5; gttp3//www.sbsf.nio.br/5;22/lh`fs/5;2;/22/^B^F5;2222LufdtfsYmfYb`hofdtbnhid.pml ONEtfn 5;26, Lufdtf3 gttp3//www.onetfn.nio/lufdtfsY`hdfb`fs.gto` gttp3//www.onetfn.nio/lufdtfsY`hdfb`fs.gto` gttps3//www.fnurfm.nu/LufdtfYmfY gttps3//www.fnurfm.nu /LufdtfYmfYb`hofdtbnh%N>%E>d b`hofdtbnh%N>%E>dY`hdfb`#3~3tfxt?Mhbar  Y`hdfb`#3~3tfxt?Mhbar  bob%5;fd%5;e`iquf,[brtfs%5;Niopidfdtfs,ud%5; ,[brtfs%5;Niopid fdtfs,ud%5;%6E%6Erfau`bmir%5 %6E%6Erfau`bmir%5;mf%5;vi`tbcf. ;mf%5;vi`tbcf.  

 

 

HD^]H]V]I ^V[FUHIU ]FNDI@ÞAHNI EBÒI^ AVHB MHMBN]HNB 6 Ipfrbnhidb`fs `fs ]FOB3 Bop`hlhnbmirfs Ipfrbnhidb 2.  HD]UIMVNNHID Fd `b prfsfdtf auïb mf fstumhi sf fdnidtrbrâ f` tfob Bop`hlhnbmirfs Ipfrbnhidb`fs nioi mhspishthvis mf bnip`bohfdti y afdfrbnhþd mf sfòb`fs, fstis mhspishthvis pfrohtfd tiobr sfòb`fs pfqufòbs y bop`hlhnbr`bs fd `bs mhlfrfdtfs nidlhaurbnhidfs quf pfrohtfd fstis mhspishthvis, fopfzbdmi pir ud bop`hlhnbmir mf pripþshti afdfrb`, nid f` fstumhi mf sus fstbmis y nidlhaurbnhidfs nioudfs, nurvbs nbrbntfrïsthnbs y prhdnhpb`fs bp`hnbnhidfs, bmhnhidb`ofdtf sf fstumhbrb f` usi mf` isnh`isniphi nioi ud hdstruofdti mf ofmhnhþd mf sfòb`fs, fstis niopidfdtfs sf uth`hzbd prhdnhpb`ofdtf pbrb bnip`br sfòb`fs mf sfdsirfs y nrfbnhþd mf idmbs fspfnïlhnbs, ipfrbnhidfs nid sfòb`fs.

5.  NIO[F]FDNHB^ Vstfm fstbrâ fd `b nbpbnhmbm mf pimfr hmfdthlhnbr, mhsfòbr y nidstruhr nhrnuhtis bop`hlhnbmirfs mf sfòb`fs, rfb`hzbr ipfrbnhidfs mf ludnhidfs y ietfdfr mhsthdtis thpis mf idmbs b `b sb`hmb mf ud nhrnuhti `is bop`hlhnbmirfs ipfrbnhidb`fs,  pbrthfdmi mf fsti pbrb `b nrfbnhþd y obdtfdhohfdti mf nhrnuhtis mf bop`hlhnbnhþd mf bumhi.

>.  CV^]HLHNBNHID @is bop`hlhnbmirfs ipfrbnhidb`fs sid mhspishthvis `is nuf`fs pfrohtfd bnip`br sfòb`fs pfqufòbs y bmfoâs mf fsi rfb`hzbr `bs ipfrbnhidfs eâshnbs suob, rfstb ou`thp`hnbnhþd, mfrhvbnhþd, hdtfarbr ludnhidfs y sfòb`fs tbdti bdb`þahnbs y mhahtb`fs, `f fstumhi mf fsis mhspishthvis pfrohthrâd b` fstumhbdtf niop`fofdtbr `is nidinhohfdtis mf `b f`fntrþdhnb eâshnb y fstbr fd `b pisheh`hmbm mf nrfbr y obdfcbr mhsthdtbs sfòb`fs. @is bop`hlhnbmirfs sid ud tfob fxtfdsi pir `i quf sf pripidf f` fstumhi mf `b nbsf mf bop`hlhnbmir mf bumhi fd thpi B y E quf sid `is oâs uth`hzbmis fd `b hdmustrhb.

=.  BN]H\HMBMF^ Nid fstb auïb mhmânthnb sf hmfdthlhnbrâ hdhnhb`ofdtf, f` ludnhidbohfdti mf `is bop`hlhnbmirfs ipfrbnhidb`fs mfsmf su ludnhidbohfdti hmfb`, su ludnhidbohfdti rfb` nidlhaurbnhidfs, nurvbs nbrbntfrïsthnbs nidfxhidfs  prhdnhpb`fs. Ufb`hzbr nâ`nu`is nid `bs ipfrbnhidfs eâshnbs, eâshnbs, quf pfrohtfd fstis mhspishthvis. F` obdfci mf sfdsirfs mf tfopfrbturb, prfsfdnhb, nbpbnhthvis f hdmunthvis y rfshsthvis, f` bnip`bohfdti mf mhngbs sfòb`fs nid `b uth`hzbnhþd mf trbdshstirfs, bop`hlhnbmis y mhspishthvis pbshvis fd nidlhaurbnhidfs hmfb`fs  pfrohthrâd tfdfr udb pfrspfnthvb niop`ftb mf `is nhrnuhtis f`fntrþdhnis y mf obtfrhb fd sh.

 

  Bop`hlhnbmir Ipfrbnhidb`

^id, mhspishthvis niopbntis bnthvis y `hdfb`fs mf b`tb abdbdnhb, mhsfòbmis pbrb  pripirnhidbr `b ludnhþd mf trbdslfrfdnhb mfsfbmb. mfsfbmb. Vd bop`hlhnbmir bop`hlhnbmir ipfrbnhidb` ipfrbnhidb` (B.I.) fstâ niopufsti pir ud nhrnuhti f`fntrþdhni quf thfdf mis fdtrbmbs y udb sb`hmb, nioi sf mfsnrhef obs bmf`bdtf. @b sb`hmb fs `b mhlfrfdnhb mf `bs mis fdtrbmbs ou`thp`hnbmb pir ud lbntir (A) (abdbdnhb)3 \iut ? A±(\+ A± (\+  „  \-).  \-). Fstis mhspishthvis sf nbrbntfrhzbd pir sfr nidstruhmis fd sus niopidfdtfs oâs afdèrhnis, mhspufstis mf oimi quf fd nbmb oiofdti sf pufmf bnnfmfr b `is  pudtis mhabois mhabois «vhtb`fsº «vhtb`fsº fd midmf sf sf nidfntbd `is niopidfdtfs niopidfdtfs fxtfrdis nuyb ludnhþd fs `b mf pfrohthr b` usubrhi oimhlhnbr `b rfspufstb y trbdslfrfdnhb mf` mhspishthvi.

Mhbarbob mf ud Bop`hlhnbmir Ipfrbnhidb`

Vd bop`hlhnbmir ipfrbnhidb` (B.I. tboehèd ip-bop), fs ud bop`hlhnbmir mf b`tb abdbdnhb mhrfntbofdtf bnip`bmi, quf fd afdfrb` sf b`hofdtb nid lufdtfs  pishthvbs y dfabthvbs, dfabthvbs, `i nub` pfrohtf quf ietfdab fxnurs fxnurshidfs hidfs tbdti pir brrheb nioi pir mfebci mf obsb i pudti mf rflfrfdnhb quf sf nidshmfrf. ^f nbrbntfrhzb fspfnhb`ofdtf pirquf su rfspufstb fd3 lrfnufdnhb, nboehi mf lbsf y b`tb abdbdnhb quf sf mftfrohdb pir `b rfb`hofdtbnhþd hdtrimunhmb fxtfrdbof fxtfrdbofdtf. dtf. [ir su nidnfpnhþd, prfsfdtb udb b`tb hopfmbdnhb (S) mf fdtrbmb y ouy ebcb mf sb`hmb. Fstf fs f` sïoei`i3

 

 

Abdbdnhb fd `bzi behfrti.

Nubdmi sf bp`hnb udb sfòb` b `b fdtrbmb, `b abdbdnhb fs f` ninhfdtf fdtrf `b tfdshþd mf sb`hmb \s y `b mf fdtrbmb \f quf thfdf f` bop`hlhnbmir ipfrbnhidb` nubdmi di fxhstf dhdaód `bzi mf rfb`hofdtbnhþd fdtrf `b sb`hmb y b`audb mf `bs mis fdtrbmbs. \fr f` mhbarbob. @b abdbdnhb mf` bop`hlhnbmir fd `bzi behfrti fstâ mbmb pir `b shauhfdtf lþrou`b3

B\ ? \s / \f Abdbdnhb fd `bzi nfrrbmi.

Nioi mfnhois `is bop`hlhnbmirfs ipfrbnhidb`fs prânthnis thfdfd abdbdnhb mf tfdshþd ouy b`tb (tïphnbofdtf 2;6), shd foebrai, fstb abdbdnhb vbrïb nid `b lrfnufdnhb. @b lirob mf niopfdsbr fsti fs, nidtri`br `b abdbdnhb mf tfdshþd quf thfdf f` bop`hlhnbmir ipfrbnhidb`, uth`hzbdmi f`fofdtis fxtfrdis pbrb rfb`hofdtbr udb pbrtf mf sfòb` mf `b sb`hmb b `b fdtrbmb, quf gbrâ quf f` nhrnuhti sfb oungi oâs fstbe`f.

Bop`hlhnbmir Hdvfrsir. Fd fstf nhrnuhti, `b fdtrbmb \(+) fstâ nidfntbmb b obsb y `b sfòb` sf bp`hnb b `b `b fdtrbmb \(-) b trbvès mf U2, nid rfb`hofdtbnhþd mfsmf `b sb`hmb b trbvès mf U5. @b fdtrbmb \(-) fs ud pudti mf thfrrb vhrtub`, yb quf fstâ b ud pitfdnhb` nfri.

 

  F` nhrnuhti nioódofdtf oâs uth`hzbmi fs f` nhrnuhti mf abdbdnhb nidstbdtf. F` bop`hlhnbmir hdvfrsir bop`hlhnb f hdvhfrtf udb sfòb` 27;³, fs mfnhr, f` vb`ir mf `b tfdshþd mf sb`hmb fstâ fd ipishnhþd mf lbsf nid `b mf fdtrbmb y su vb`ir sf iethfdf b` ou`thp`hnbr `b tfdshþd mf `b fdtrbmb pir udb abdbdnhb lhcb nidstbdtf, fstbe`fnhmb pir `b rf`bnhþd fdtrf U5 y U2, rfsu`tbdmi hdvfrthmb fstb sfòb` (mfslbsf).

Bop`hlhnbmir di Hdvfrsir.

Fstf fs f` nbsi fd quf `b tfdshþd mf fdtrbmb \f, fstâ fd lbsf nid `b mf sb`hmb \s, fstb tfdshþd mf sb`hmb, afdfrb udb nirrhfdtf b trbvès mf U5 gbnhb f` tfrohdb` hdvfrsir, b su vfz b trbvès mf U2, sf afdfrb udb nirrhfdtf gbnhb f` ohsoi tfrohdb`, pfri mf shadi nidtrbrhi, pir `i quf boebs nirrhfdtfs sf bdu`bd, rfl`fcbdmi fd `b sb`hmb `b tfdshþd mf fdtrbmb bop`hlhnbmb. ^faód sf gb ofdnhidbmi bdtfs, f` vb`ir mf +\f sf rfl` rfl`fcb fcb fd `b fdtrbmb hdvfrsirb h dvfrsirb -\f mf` bop`hlhnbmir ipfrbnhidb` y tfdhfdmi fd nufdtb quf sf nidshmfrb ud «nirtinhrnuhti vhrtub`º, pimfois fstbe`fnfr fstbe`fnfr quf hf ? \f/U2. X nioi `b nirrhfdtf fd `b fdtrbmb hdvfrsirb h  „  „  ?  ? ;: h2 ? h5: pir `i tbdti \i ? (U2 + U5) h2, susthtuyfdmi: \i/ \f ? (2 + U5/U2)

6.  F\B@VBNHID @b fvb`ubnhþd sfrâ nidthdub, fd f``b sf iesfrvbrâd ie sfrvbrâd `is bvbdnfs quf ustfm gb tfdhmi sierf f` tfob, bsï nioi `bs mhlhnu`tbmfs quf sf prfsfdtbd fd su prinfsi mf bprfdmhzbcf. Fstb fvb`ubnhþd sf nu`ohdbrâ b` lhdb`hzbr nbmb sfnnhþd. /9h`?=8;5 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 Ciraf [`fhtf Aufrrb, Uhnbrmi \frabz Efdhti, Cisè Obduf` Uuhz mf Obrnis, F`fntrþdhnb bdb`þahnb pbrb hdafdhfris, OnArbw-Gh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhid 2, 5;;8 Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81 gttps3//www.feiijs1-5=.nio3==>/9h`?1>81

 

]ioâs Mïbz Nirniebmi, Aubmb`upf Nbroidb Uuehi, F`fntrþdhnb, OnArbwGh`` Hdtfrbofrhnbdb, Fmhnhþd 2, 5;2; Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.feiijs1gttps3//www.feiijs15=.nio3==>/9h`?=8;5 \hnfdtf Abrnïb, F` Bop`hlhnbmir Ipfrbnhidb` Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.mhbrhif`fntridhnigiy.ni gttps3//www.mhbrhif`fntridhn igiy.nio/e`ia/f`-bop`hlhnbmir-ipfrbnhidb` o/e`ia/f`-bop`hlhnbmir-ipfrbnhidb` 28 berh`, 5;21 pir Hdafdhfrïb Ofnblfdhx Lufdtf3 gttps3//www.hdaofnblfdhx.nio/f`fntridhn gttps3//www.hdaof nblfdhx.nio/f`fntridhnb/bop`hlhnbmir-ipfrbnhidb`/ b/bop`hlhnbmir-ipfrbnhidb`/  

F`beirbmi pir3

Ufvhsbmi pir3

Bpriebmi pir3

Hda. Bdmrès ^âdngfz

Hda. Uimrhai ^irhb

Fmubrmi Bauhrrf [gM.

MINFD]F

Niirmhdbmirr Bnbmèohni Niirmhdbmi

Ufntir mf H^] Ebòis