Guia Didactica de Emprendimiento y Gestion1

 

  M@UYMGKO@OMG[D _ FM\[OÜG Fuàh Kokèltolh Hgh @hràh ^obbh`hr Fhvobhgms

 

[hibh km ldgtmgokds 8. Ogtrdkulloüg…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 9. [rhg rhgspdsoloüg kokèltolh… h…… …………………………………… ……… ……………………………………… ……… ……. 9 9.8. 9.8. Ubhg bhg Lurro urrollubh ubhr Ogs Ogsto totu tulo lodg dghhb (UL (ULO) O)…… ………… ………… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………… ………… ……… ……… ………… ……… ……. …... < 9.9. 9.9. Ubhg Ubhgon onol olhl hloü oüg gL Lur urro rolu lubh bhrr H Hgu guhb hb (ULH (ULH)… )……… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………. …. 9< 9.

 

mvhbuhloüg. H ldgtoguhloüg sm mxpdgmg ug luhkrd so`pbonolhkd km bhs tïlgolhs km mvhbuhloüg ldg sus rmspmltovds ogstru`mgtds: [ïlgolhs km mvhbuhloüg km hprmgkozhjms

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Dismrvhloüg sostm`ètolh

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Hgèbosos km kmsm`pmøds d km prdkullodgms

Ogstru`mgtd Mslhbhs km dismrvhloüg. Bosths km ldtmjd. Ymfostrd hgmlkütold. Kohrods km lbhsm. @dgdfrhnàhs. Ymsú`mgms. [rhihjds km hpbolhloüg y sàgtmsos. Luhkmrgds km lbhsm. Luhkmrgds km lh`pd. Ymsdbuloüg km mjmrlolods y prdibm`hs. [mxtds mslrotds. Urdkullodgms drhbms. Urdkullodgms pbèstolhs d `usolhbms. Urdkullodgms `dtrolms. Ogvmstofhlodgms. Jumfds km so`ubhloüg y krh`ètolds. Koèbdfd.

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Ogtmrlh`iods drhbms

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Urumihs mspmlànolhs

Mgtrmvosths. Hsh`ibmhs. Uumsths mg ld`úg. Dijmtovhs. Hiomrths. Ogtmrprmthloüg km khtds. Mxpdsoloüg km ug tm`h. Ymsdbuloüg km mjmrlolods y prdibm`hs. prdib m`hs. Urumihs km lhphlokhk `dtroz. Lumstodghrods. ^àkmds y hgèbosos pdstmrodr. Dismrvhkdr mxtmrgd.

Numgtm: (Bmxus, 9556, pèf. 6>8). H ldgguhloüg sm ldbdlhrèg hbfugds mjm`pbds km ogstru`mgtds hpbolhkds h bh mvhbuhloüg km hprmgkozhjms, ldg ihsm mg bds ogkolhkdrms km mvhbuhloüg:

?6

 

Mjm`pbd 8.- Bosth km ldtmjd: ]gokhk: 8 Lursd: O IF]. O.MF.=.8.8. Kmtmr`ogh prdymllodgms noghglomrhs y mb lhpothb km trhihjd km ug m`prmgko`omgtd ihsègkdsm mg ldglmptds noghglomrds ièsolds (O.8.3 O.;.). Hlvokhk mvhbuhkh: Hltovokhk 9 km bds kmsm`pmøds prmbo`oghrms. prmbo`oghrms. Ogkolhkdr \à Gd Dismrvhlodgms Uhrtolophloüg mg lbhsms: 8. Uhrtoloph hltovh`mgtm mg lbhsms. 9. Hpdrth ldg ld`mgthrods vhbodsds. . [omgm ld`prmgsodgms ièsolhs km bd qum ms m`prmgkmr. 6. Ldgdlm hhbfughs bfughs lhrhltmràstolhs km bds m`prmgkmkdrms. 1. @hgmjh ug vdlh vdlhiubhrod iubhrod prd prdpod pod km bh hhk`ogostrhloüg. k`ogostrhloüg. ?. [omgm mg lbhrd mb topd km pmrsdgh ms. 85. Okmgtonolh mg su shbüg h pmrsdghs m`prmgkmkdrhs.

Mjm`pbd 9.- @hph ldglmptuhb: Lursd: O IF] ]gokhk: 8 O.MF.=.8.8. Kmtmr`ogh prdymllodgms noghglomrhs y mb lhpothb km trhihjd km ug m`prmgko`omgtd ihsègkdsm mg ldglmptds noghglomrds ièsolds (O.8.3 O.;.). Hlvokhk mvhbuhkh: Hltovokhk 8 km kmsm`pmøds km ogvmstofhloüg fuohkh. Lrotmrod

\àgtmsos km bh ogndr`hloüg

Jmrhrquàh km ldglmptds

Ymbmvhgloh km bh ogndr`hloüg

Hblhgzh bds hprmgkozhjms

Urüxo`ds h hblhgzhr bds hprmgkozhjms

Gd hblhgzh bds hprmgkozhjms

Urmsmgth bh `hydr phrtm km bh ogndr`hloüg rmsu`okh ldg ldglmptds lbhvms

Urmsmgth pdlh ogndr`hloüg ubozhgkd `ulads gmxds, hsà ld`d kmgolodgms mslhshs

Urmsmgth ogndr`hloüg oggmlmshroh y mslhsh

Bds ldgmltdrms pmr`otmg vosuhbozhr phrlohb`mgtm bh  jmrhrquàh km bds ldglmptds

Bds ldgmltdrms pmr`otmg vosuhbozhr vhfh`mgtm bh  jmrhrquàh km bds ldglmptds

Bds ldgmltdrms pmr`otmg vosuhbozh km `hgmrh lhrmgtm bh jmrhrquàh km bds ldglmptds

Ldgmgm ogndr`hloüg o`pdrthgtm pmrd gd rmbmvhgtm kmb tm`h

Ldgmgm ogndr`hloüg oggmlmshroh kmb tm`h

Ldgmgm ogndr`hloüg oggmlmshroh m orrmbmvhgtm kmb tm`h

Kd`ogh bds hprmgkozhjms Urmsmgth tdkh bh ogndr`hloüg rmsu`okh ldg ldglmptds lbhvms Bds ldgmltdrms pmr`otmg vosuhbozhr nèlob`mgtm bhs jmrhrquàh km bds ldglmptds Ldgmgm ogndr`hloüg o`pdrthgtm y rmbmvhgtm kmb tm`h

Numgtm: a tt p:/ /p ds dsfr hk dm gs la .i .ibdf sp dt .l .l d` /9 58

  

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  \MY^OLOD KM YMG[H\ OG[MYGH\. Ko`` Ndr`ubhrods SKmslhrfhibm mg bàgmhP. ^mrsoüg 958>. Xuotd: \YO. Kospdgoibm mg: a ttp :/ :// ww www .s .sro. fd i.ml /w mi/ 85 8< 1/>>= Mgbhlm qum pmr`otm hllmkmr y kmslhrfhr mb Urdfrh`h boirm KO@@ NDY@]BHYOD\, qum pmr`otm h bds ldgtroiuymgtms mnmltuhr kmlbhrhlodgms.

  [mst

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(s.n.). Ymlupmrhkd mb 56 `hrzd 958>, km   att p:/ /k dlu `mgtds.5> 5.ms/ 5> 5 Tm `prmshs/[mst  Tm`p rmg k mk dr.at `b  Mgbhlm qum pmr`otm hb kdlmgtm hpbolhr mg bàgmh ug tmst phrh `mkor bh lhphlokhk m`prmgkmkdrh km bds mstukohgtms. Bds rmsubthkds kmb tmst sm ditomgmg ugh vmz ldglbuokd ïstm. kmb

M`prmgkmkdr .

  [mst km mvhbuhloüg km m`prmgkmkdrms. (s.n.). Ymlupmrhkd mb 51 `hrzd 958>, km

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  att p:/ / www.obk mnm.ms/m`p rmg k mk dr/ Lrmh  Tt u Tm`prmsh/ [mst  Tk m TM vhb uhlodgTk mT mT M` M` p rmg k mk d r ms/

Mgbhlm qum pmr`otm hb kdlmgtm hpbolhr mg bàgmh ug tmst phrh `mkor bh lhphlokhk m`prmgkmkdrh km bds mstukohgtms. Bds rmsubthkds kmb tmst sm ditomgmg ugh vmz ldglbuokd ïstm. Ioibodfrhh rmld`mgkhkh phrh OO IF]:   Imrmgsdg, @. y Bmvogm, K. (8??>). Msthkàstolh ièsolh mg Hk`ogostrhloüg. @ïxold: Urmgtolm Ahbb. Boird qum mxpdgm bds ldglmptds ièsolds km msthkàstolh hpbolhkh h bh hk`ogostrhloüg km m`prmshs. Mstm boird ah sokd ldglmiokd kmskm ug hspmltd pmkhfüfold km hprmgkozhjm hltovd y ldbhidrhtovd, prdpdgomgkd mb usd lhkh vmz `hydr km sdwhrm msthkàstold mg ld`puthkdrhs pmrsdghbms. [rhihjh ldg ug mgndqum km ogvmstofhloüg km mglumsth y hgèbosos km khtds.

  Imrry, B. (8??>). ]g iumg smrvolod yh gd ihsth. Idfdtè: Mkotdrohb Gdr`h.

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Mb boird mxpbolh, kmskm bds nugkh`mgtds km bh hk`ogostrhloüg ldgtm`pdrègmh, luèbms sdg bds hspmltds lbhvms phrh qum bhs m`prmshs irogkmg ug smrvolod mxtrhdrkoghrod h sus lbomgtms. Mb boird prmsmgth bmllodgms prèllhs km ld`phøàhs rmhbms qum ahg tmgokd ïxotd hb irogkhr iomgms y smrvolods km mxtrhdrkoghroh lhbokhk3 ld`phøàhs ld`d: Bdgfd [dyd [dydth th hgk Bmxus, @hry Chy Lds`mtols, Lds`mtols, Ydimrt Mxprmss Mxprmss,, [hm [hmrmk rmk Ldvmr Iddc \tdrm, mgtrm dtrhs.

  Komtmrola, A. (8??>). Gumvh fuàh phrh bh ogvmstofhloüg lomgtànolh. @ïxold: Mk. Hromb.

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Mb boird ms ugh fuàh phrh ldgstruor ugh tmsos, kmskm mb hgèbosos kmb prdibm`h, kmbo`otègkdbd ldg sus vhrohibms km mstukod, ndr`ubhloüg km dijmtovds m aopütmsos, mgtrm dtrds tm`hs qum ld`pbm`mgthg y bm khg ug ldgtmxtd hb hgèbosos msthkàstold.

 

856

 

  Nugkhloüg Lhrvhjhb. (8?1?). Uroglopods km Hk`ogostrhloüg. Lhbo: Nugkhloüg Lhrvhjhb.

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Mstm boird ndr`h phrtm km ugh ldbmlloüg km boirds mgndlhkds h bh hk`ogostrhloüg km bhs Uy`ms y bh ndr`hloüg kmb thbmgtd au`hgd phrh ldgvmrtorsm mg m`prmgkmkdrms. Mb mgndqum kmb boird hihrlh tm`hs km hk`ogostrhloüg phrh bhs pmqumøhs m`prmshs.

  Coggmhr [. y [hybdr, J. (8??1). Ogvmstofhloüg km @mrlhkds. Idfdtè: @lFrhw Aobb

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Ogtmrh`mrolhgh. Boird mspmlohbozhkd qum prdpdrlodgh h bhs pmrsdghs qum mstukohg hk`ogostrhloüg y fmrmgloh km `mrlhkds ug ldgdlo`omgtd mxhltd km bh ogvmstofhloüg km `mrlhkds.

Mstè kosmøhkd phrh qum pumkh bmmrsm y mgtmgkmrsm nèlob`mgtm. Urmsmgth, km ndr`h prhf`ètolh, h bh ogvmstofhloüg km `mrlhkds ld`d ug tm`h fmrmglohb y km td`h km kmlosodgms. Mstm boird gd mstukoh h kmthbbm bds prdlmko`omgtds luhgtothtovds hvhgzhkds, mg ldgsmlumgloh, kmimrè smr trhihjhkd mg ldgjugtd ldg ug boird km msthkàstolh hpbolhkh.

  Cddgtz, A., D»Kdggmbb, L. y Vmoarola, A. (8?11). Mbm`mgtds km Hk`ogostrhloüg.

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@ïxold: @lFrhw Aobb. Mstm boird prmphrh h quomgms quomrhg tmgmr ugh lhrrmrh kmshnohgtm y frhtonolhgtm mg bh hk`ogostrhloüg. Mg msth mkoloüg, sm ah høhkokd ug hspmltd km o`pdrthgloh: bh oggdvhloüg. Msth ms msmglohb phrh mb ïxotd gd sdbh`mgtm km bhs ld`phøàhs, sogd th`ioïg km bds phàsms. Lhkh ugd km bds lhpàtubds prmsmgth lhsds km m`prmshs m`prmshs y prdkultds prdkult ds km ïxotd. Mb boird hsu`m ugh pmrs pmrspmlto pmltovh vh ogtm ogtmrghl rghlodghb odghb km bh hk`ogostrhloüg.

  @hroød, V. (9556). =55 okmhs km gmfdlods gd trhkolodghbms y ld`d pdgmrbhs

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mg prèltolh. Xuotd: Mkotdrohb Mluhkdr.

Mstm boird prmsmgth =55 okmh km gmfdlods gd trhkolodghbms. Bds prdkultds y smrvolods qum sm prdpdgmg mg mb boird sdg prdkultd km bh o`hfoghloüg y smgsoiobokhk kmb hutdr. hu tdr. Hkm`ès, sm hidrkhg tm`hs thbms ld`d mb pbhg p bhg noghglomrd, bh ogvmstofhloüg km `mrlhkds y bds sostm`hs km ogndr`hloüg noghglomrh.

  @hrtàgmz Imglhrkogd, L. (9558). Msthkàstolh ld`mrlohb. Idfdtè: Mk. Gdr`h.

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Bh dirh prmsmgth tm`hs km msthkàstolh kmslroptovh: prmphrhloüg km ugh ogvmstofhloüg: mbhidrhloüg rmluhkrds y frènolhs: prd`mkods (@mkoh hrot`ïtolh, `mkohgh, `dkh, `mkoh luhkrètolh, fmd`ïtrolh y hr`ügolh)3 `mkokhs km kospmrsoüg (vhrohgzh, (vhro hgzh, kmsvohloü kmsvohloüg g tàpol tàpolh, h, ldmno ldmnolomgt lomgtmm km vhroh vhrohloüg, loüg, pugthjm tàpold) tàpold)33 rmfr rmfrmsoüg msoüg y ldrrmbhloüg3 smroms lrdgdbüfolhs3 gú`mrds àgkolms3 ogkolhkdrms mldgü`olds, kmshrrdbbhkds mg sus lhpàtubds y hpbolhkds h bh hk`ogostrhloüg.

851

 

  Drtoz, J. (958, km ap :// www.i lm.n og .ml/ og o g k mx.p a p/ og k olhkdrms -mldg d`o l  lds Udrthb mbmltrügold ogstotulodghb qum so`pbonolh bhs hlvokhkms mldgü`olhs, ogtmrghs y mxtmrgh kmb phàs. Irogkh ugh smrom km ogkolhkdrms mldgü`olds hltuhbozhkds, thbms ld`d: UOI, ognbhloüg, m`pbmd, ihbhgzh km phfds, thshs km ogtmrïs, ihbhgzh ld`mrlohb, ld`mrlohb, mgtrm dtrds.

  Kotutdr. (s.n.). @mkokhs km tmgkmgloh lmgtrhb. Ymlupmrhkd mb 5? `hrzd 958>, km

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  att p:/ / www.k ot u tdr.ld` /msthk ost olh/ `mk okhsTlmgt r hbo z  z hlo dg .a . at `b ` b  Uèfogh wmi kdgkm sm mglumgtrhg ldglmptds y mjm`pbds hpbolhkds sdirm mb lèblubd km bhs `mkokhs km tmgkmgloh lmgtrhb: `mkoh, `dkh, `mkohgh, `mkoh pdgkmrhkh y `mkoh fmd`ïtrolh.

 

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Mu`mk.gmt Mu`m k.gmt.. (s.n.).

Urdpumsth km fuàh km hk`ogostrhloüg mkulhlodghb kmb 

mjmrlolod juràkold km bds mstukohgtms km kmrmlad km bh ]govmrsokhk km Lomgnumfds

(Nrhf`mgtd). Ymlupmrhkd mb 51 `hrzd 958>, km ap :// www.mu `mk .g .g mt / boboi rds frht os/ 958 , km

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  att p:/ / www. fmrmg lom.ld` / bds -prog lop ods -ihs olds -km-hk `og ost r hlo dg .a . at `b ` b  Uèfoghh wmi km lhrè Uèfog lhrèltmr ltmr mkulht mkulhtovd ovd mgndlhkd mg bh mgsmøhgz mgsmøhgzhh km bh mldgd` mldgd`àh, àh, hk`ogostrhloüg, fmrmgloh km rmlursds, mgtrm dtrds. Mb bogc mxpbolh bds proglopods hk`ogostrhtovds.

 

885

 

  Urdnmsdr mg bàgmh. (s.n.). @mkokhs msthkàstolhs. Ymlupmrhkd mb 5? `hrzd 958>, km

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 att p:/ / www.p rdnmsd rmg bog mh . lb/ `htm`ht olh/ Msthkost olh@ mk oh@ mk ohg h@ dkh.at ` Uèfogh wmi mkulhtovh qum pmr`otm h kdlmgtms y mstukohgtms hihrlhr tm`hs msthkàstolds, thbms ld`d `mkokhs km tmgkmgloh lmgtrhb: `mkoh, `mkohgh y `dkh3 mgtrm dtrds tm`hs. 

  Urd`dGmfdlods.gmt. (9551). Kmnogoloüg km Hk`ogostrhloüg. Ymlupmrhkd mb 51 `hrzd 958>, km att p:/ / www.p rd` dg mfdlods.g mt /hk` og ost rhlodg/ kmn og olodg hk `o `og os ost rhlodg .a .at `b Uèfoghh wmi km lhrè Uèfog lhrèltmr ltmr mkulht mkulhtovd ovd mgndlhkd mg bh mgsmøhgz mgsmøhgzhh km bh mldgd` mldgd`àh, àh, hk`ogostrhloüg, fmrmgloh km rmlursds, noghgzhs, gmfdlods, mgtrm dtrds. Mb bogc mxpbolh bd quï ms bh hk`ogostrhloüg.

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  ^otutdr. (s.n.). [hibh km Nrmlumgloh. Ymlupmrhkd

mb 5? `hrzd 958>, km   att p:/ / www.vot u tdr.ld` /msthk ost olh/k mslrop t ov h/ h T< .at `b  Udrthbb mkul Udrth mkulhtov htovd d qum pmr`otm h bds kdlmgtms kdlmgtms y mstuk mstukohgt ohgtms ms hprdx hprdxo`hr o`hrsm sm hb ldgdlo`omgtd km bh `htm`ètolh y h pdgmrbds mg prèltolh ldg mjm`pbds. Mb bogc mxpbolh tdkd bd rmnmrmgtm h bhs nrmlumglohs km bds khtds: nrmlumgloh hisdbuth, rmbhtovh, hlu`ubhkh, kosmød km thibhs km nrmlumgloh, kosmød km thibhs km kostroiuloüg km nrmlumglohs, mgtrm dtrds dt rds tm`hs.

  ^otutdr.

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(s.n.). Aostdfrh`h. Ymlupmrhkd mb 5? `hrzd 958>, km   att p:/ / www.vot u tdr.ld` /msthk ost olh/k mslrop t ov h/ h T> .at `b  Udrthbb mkul Udrth mkulhtov htovd d qum pmr`otm h bds kdlmgtms kdlmgtms y mstu mstukohgt kohgtms ms hprdx hprdxo`hrs o`hrsmm hb ldgdlo`omgtd km bh `htm`ètolh y h pdgmrbds mg prèltolh ldg mjm`pbds. Mb bogc mxpbolh tdkd bd rmnmrmgtm h bds aostdfrh`hs, pdbàfdgds km nrmlumglohs, djovhs, mgtrm dtrds frènolds msthkàstolds.

Ioibodfrhh rmld`mgkhkh phrh OOO IF]:   Lmgtrd km Kmshrrdbbd km bhs @olrdnoghgzhs. (s.n). Lursd: _d `mjdrd `o gmfdlod, tïlgolhs phrh `mjdrhr bh `olrdm`prmsh. Laobm. Fuàh `mtdkdbüfolh qum ghlm ld`d ugh ogolohtovh km bh Nugkhloüg @mgtdr km Mluhkdr y [mbmkul, bh ugokhk km mkulhloüg h kosthgloh km bh ]govmrsokhk Lhtübolh km Laobm, phrh lhphlothr mg tïlgolhs km `hgmjd km m`prmshs pmqumøhs. Bh `mtdkdbdfàh

km hprmgkozhjm sm ihsh mg ugh smrom km tmbmvosoüg krh`htozhkh, tmsto`dgods km `olrdm`prmshrods y dpogodgms km mxpmrtds, hpdyhkds ldg ug `hguhb km bmlturh y mjmrlolods, y bh phrtolophloüg km ug mquopd km tutdrms hlhkï`olds tmbmnügolds. tmbmnügolds.

 

888

 

  Lyr. K. (955;). @hrcmtogf mg bh pmqumøh y `mkohgh m`prmsh. Idfdtè: Mkotdrohb

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Gdr`h. Mstm boird ld`iogh bhs pmrlmplodgms prèllhs km mspmlohbosths mg `hrcmtogf km pmqumøhs m`prmshs y bh mxpmromgloh km ldgsubtdrms prdnmsodghbms y hlhkï`olds mg mb èrmh km `hrcmtogf. Iuslh rmshbthr ldglmptds y tïlgolh m`prmshrohbms y km `hrcmtogf. Bh ogndr`hloüg qum sm oglbuym ms km lhrèltmr fmgmrhb.

  Lürkdih, @. (955?). Ndr`ubhloüg y mvhbuhloüg km prdymltds. Idfdtè: Mldm

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Mkolodgms. Mg mstm boird sm trht trhthg hg bds konm konmrmgt rmgtms ms hspmltd hspmltdss qum ogtmfr ogtmfrhg hg ug prdym prdymltd ltd km ogvmrsoüg km `hgmrh lbhrh y ld`prmgsoibm phrh mb bmltdr, iuslhgkd khr rmspumsth h bds rmqumro`omgtds km m`prmshrods, prdnmsodghbms, kdl kdlmgtms mgtms y mstukodsds kmb tm`h. Ogldrpdrh ugh fuàh km hpbolhloüg km bh amrrh`omgth ogndr`ètolh DpmgUrdj.

  Nosamr, Y. ]ry, V. y Uhttdg, I. (8??, km att p :/ / www.sdbd ldgthi ob o bok hk .l . ld` / 9589 /85 /n bu jd -km-mnmlt ovd -p rdymlthk d.at `b Uèfogh wmi qum pmr`otm h kdlmgtms y mstukohgtms tmgmr ugh hprdxo`hloüg h bds ldglmptds fmgmrhbms y ndr`hs km lèblubd km ug nbujd km lhjh mnmltovds prdymlthkd. Oglbuym mjm`pbds hpbolhkds.

 

88;

 

Fbdshrod km tïr`ogds

88=

 

@mthldfgoloüg.- Ldgdl Ldgdlo`om o`omgtd gtd qum tomgm ug sujm sujmtd td km sus prdpo prdpods ds prdlm prdlmsds sds ldfgdslotovds, km sus rmsubthkds y km luhbquomr hspmltd qum sm rmbhlodgm ldg mbbds. Bh hltovokhk `mthldfgotovh mgfbdih mb ldgtrdb ldgslomgtm km bds prdlmsds km ldgdlo`omgtd ld`d bh htm htmgloüg, gloüg, bh pmrlm pmrlmploüg, ploüg, bh `m`dr `m`droh, oh, bh ld`ug ld`ugolhlo olhloüg üg y bh ld`prmgso ld`prmgsoüg. üg.

Hkm`ès, bbmvh h lhid bh hrtolubhloüg mgtrm mb lomrrm (vdbvmr sdirm sà `os`d) y bh hpmrtu hpm rturh rh (or `ès hbb hbbèè km bd khk khkd), d), lrm lrmhgk hgkd d hbf hbfd d kostog kostogtd td km bd yh mxost mxostmgt mgtm. m. @mthldfgoloüg ms th`ioïg ldgdlo`omgtd hutdrrmnbmxovd (Bmxus, 9556, pèf. 8551). @mgtmnhltd ldglmptuhb.- Mb [ïr` [ïr`ogd ogd `mgtmnh `mgtmnhltd ltd sofg sofgonolh onolh prdkult prdkultds ds km bh `mgtm `mgtm,, ms kmlor sdg ogstru`mgtds km ldgdlo`omgtd qum pdsoiobothg bh ldgstrulloüg km ldglmptds. Mstds sdg ogstru`mgtds km ldgdlo`omgtd qum ldrrmspdgkmg h bh mthph ldglmptuhb y pmr`otmg bh mjmrlothloüg y hprdpohloüg km dpmrhlodgms ogtmbmltuhbms (suprhdrkoghloüg, ognrhdrkoghloüg, osddrkoghloüg y mxlbusoüg). Bhs dpmrhlodgms ogtmbmltuhbms hgtmrodrms dimkmlmg y sdg ldamrmgtms ldg bd qum sofgonolh kmnogor, kdgkm sm ldgsokmrh qum kmnogor ms msthibmlmr bà`otms. Kmskm bds `mgtmnhltds ldglmptuhbms msds bà`otms sdg: pdr mb gdrtm, bh suprhdrkoghloüg3 pdr mb sur, bh ognrhdrkoghloüg3 pdr mb dromgtm, bh mxlbusoüg3 y, pdr mb dllokmgtm, bh osddrkoghloüg (Umrmh @., s.n., pèf. 8). Ubmghroh d koslusoüg pbmghroh.- \m utobozh, fmgmrhb`mgtm, luhgkd sm kmsmh qum tdkds bds `om`irds kmb frupd mxprmsmg sus lrotmrods y smhg mslulahkds pdr tdkds. Mg kmpmgkmgloh kmb gú`mrd km ogtmfrhgtms kmb frupd y km bhs lhrhltmràstolhs kmb ldgtmgokd h hidrkhr, mstm `ïtdkd smrè `ès d `mgds mnmltovd (Lhshb, 955

 

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