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]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

_CKD9 Cf ]cmrctdrjl Flmdf Fls lgjmjls oc u` scmrctdrjl ac`crdf c` fd jafcsjd flmdf sl` ojvcrsls, d`tc cstls sc vc fd `cmcsjodo oc mdpdmjtdrfcs pdrd quc sus gu`mjl`cs sc vcd` cgcmtjvds oc`trl ocf alhjcr`l flmdf. Cf scmrctdrjl ac`crdf ochc tc`cr ml`lmjkjc`tls häsjmls c` mud`tl d mlkl rcdfjzdr u`d mdrtd, u`d `ltd, u`d rcmlkc`odmjý`, u` dmtd, u` olmukc`tl iurëojml, u`d slfjmjtuo, ctm. Xcmucroc quc sus ocstj`dtdrjls kumbds vcmcs scrä gu`mjl`drjls pùhfjmls, fls dhladols, fd ^@M, KJ@CO, cf prcsjoc`tc ocf pdës, ckhdidolrcs oc`trl ocf pdës, ml`arcadmjl`cs j`tcr`dmjl`dfcs. ctm. Z ml` cstc gj` cf scmrctdrjl flmdf ochc ml`lmcr slhrc lrtlardgëd, plcsëd, pcrjlojskl, klojskls, mlkputdmjý`, mlku`jmdmjý`, ctm, pdrd rcdfjzdr u` cxmcfc`tc trdhdil c` fd lhrd oc Ojls.

_CKD9 XCODMMJÝ@ OC S@ DM_D Bdy trcs ocgj`jmjl`cs oc dmtd 4.  4.  Xcodmmjý` csmrjtd oc fl trdtdol c` u`d iu`td 8.  8.  Fd rcodmmjý` oc fds ocfjhcrdmjl`cs oc u` mucrpl mlfcajdol =.  =.  Mcrtjgjmdmjý` c` quc ml`std fls pu`tls dprlhdols oc u`d rcu`jý` lgjmjdf CFCKC@_L] ^XJ@MJ^DFC] OC S@D DM_D

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4.  4.  @ukcrl oc dmtd 8.  8.  @lkhrc ocf flmdf y puchfl ol`oc sc od fd scsjý` =.  =.  Blrd oc j`jmjl ?.  ?.  Gcmbd ocf oëd, kcs y dôl 3.  3.  ^u`tls dmlrodols ochc` jr hjc` lroc`dols 7.  7.  @l ocidr cspdmjls c` fds dmtds 1.  1.  C` cf dmtd `l sc csmrjhc` `ùkcrls, sj`l quc tlol vd c` fctrds 2.  2.  Blrd oc gj`dfjzdmjý` :.  :.  _lod dmtd ochc scr gjrkdod y scffdod 4>.  @l ochc oc ffcvdr crrlrcs oc lrtlardgëd 4>. 44.  @l ochc ffcvdr tdmbl`cs 44. 48.  @l ochc usdr mlrrcmtlr l fjquco pdpcr 48. 4=.  @l ochc ffcvdr rdyl`cs hlrrlsls 4=. 4?.  Ochc oc scr fcajhfc y c`tc`ojhfc 4?. C]TSCKD OC S@ DM_D

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Ml`sjocrdmjl`cs prcvjds9   _lod dmtd ochc cstdr c`mdhczdod ml` su joc`tjgjmdmjý`9 Ci. Dmtd Lroj`drjd @.¹\\\ l Dmtd Cxtrdlroj`drjd @.¹.\\\\\. Ml` `ukcrdmjý` mlrrcfdtjvd d kcojod quc sc vd` cgcmtud`ol. 

 

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Cf scmrctdrjl ffcvd ols mudocr`ls ffdkdols9 Kj`utd y cf oc Dmtds.   Cf mudocr`l oc kj`utds cs cf quc So. Ssd mlkl hlrrdolr d`tcs oc pdsdrfl df lrjaj`df, c` cstc pucoc bdmcr mlrrcmmjl`cs, tdmbl`cs, `ltds y c`kc`odolrds. 

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]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>  

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Cf mudocr`l l Fjhrl oc Dmtds, cs cf mudocr`l ckpdstdol ol`oc fd rcodmmjý` ocf dmtd, tlkdod oc fd kj`utd, ochc cstdr sj` tdmbdourds, `j mlrrcmmjl`cs.

 

Cf Fjhrl oc dmtd ochc cstdr glfjdol (ml` `ukcrdmjý` mlrrcfdtjvd c` fd csquj`d supcrjlr oc fd blid).

 

Df tcrkj`dr mdod dsdkhfcd, fd scmrctdrjd ochc fccr cf dmtd pdrd quc fls prcsc`tcs pucod` mlrrcajr fd rcodmmjý` y dprlhdrfd pdrd scr pdsdod df fjhrl oc Dmtds.

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D fd blrd pdmtdod pdrd fd dsdkhfcd, cf l fd scmrctdrjd ochc pdsdr fjstd oc fls prcsc`tcs c j`glrkdr d fd dsdkhfcd sj bdy cf muýruk rcafdkc`tdrjl. (fd kjtdo käs u`l ocf tltdf oc kjckhrls hdutjzdols).

 

C` cf dmtd ochc ml`stdr, fd gcmbd, cf fuadr oc fd dsdkhfcd, fls `lkhrcs oc fls prcsc`tcs, fd prcsc`tdmjý` oc fd dac`od prcsc`tdod plr cf pdstlr, ml`stdr fd dprlhdmjý`, ocsdprlhdmjý` l quc qucoý pc`ojc`tc cf j`glrkc prcsc`tdols plr fds ojgcrc`tcs mlkjsjl`cs.

 

_lod fd rcodmmjý` ocf dmtd ochc scr scaujol... sj` pu`tl y dpdrtc.

 

Cf lroc` oc fd rcodmmjý` fd kdrmdrä cf kjskl lroc` oc fd dac`od trdëod plr cf pdstlr y dprlhdod plr fd dsdkhfcd.

 

Bdmcr ml`stdr tlol dsu`tl quc dpruchc fd dsdkhfcd, tdf mlkl bd sjol prlpucstl.

 

Cf scmrctdrjl cstä c` fd lhfjadmjý` oc dsc`tdr c` dmtd tlol dsu`tl quc mudfqujcr kjckhrl pjod quc sc bdad, tdf mlkl fl bd ojmbl (ocspuês oc csmrjhjrfl, ochc fccrfl pdrd ml`gjrkdr quc cf slfjmjtd`tc mcrtjgjquc quc csd sl` sus pdfdhrds).

 

Fls j`glrkcs oc mdod mlkjsjý` pucoc` trdcr suacrc`mjds l prlplsjmjl`cs d fd dsdkhfcd. Cstds prlplsjmjl`cs sc pdsd` df pu`tl ‖Dsu`tls @ucvls‛ oc fd Dac`od.

 

Fd l cf scmrctdrjl `l ochc dsc`tdr c` dmtd ojsmusjl`cs l ocsmrjhjr fls plrkc`lrcs oc fds ojsmusjl`cs, d `l scr quc dfaujc` pjod quc ml`stc c` dmtd

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KLOCFL] OC CICK^FL] OC XCODMMJÝ@ OC DM_D] DM_D LXOJ@DXJD @.¹ 4?  4?  Bly, (gcmbd), `ls bckls odol mjtd c` cf flmdf ocf tckpfl oc fd Jafcsjd \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, fls bcrkd`ls9 (`lkhrcs y dpcffjols oc mdod kjckhrl), tlols kjckhrls oc fd jafcsjd, ml` cf prlpýsjtl oc mcfchrdr dsdkhfcd mlrrcspl`ojc`tc df kcs oc (`lkhrc ocf kcs). Bdhjc`ol ml`stdtdol cf mulruk rcafdkc`tdrjl, cf pdstlr prlmcojý d prcsc`tdr fd dac`od d scaujr, sjc`ol dprlhdod sj` c`kjc`ods (c` mdsl quc fd dsdkhfcd c` ojsmusjý` suajcrd mdkhjdr cf lroc` oc fd dac`od, l darcadrfc ltrl pu`tl, ochc ml`stdr cf mdkhjl c` fd rcodmmjý` ml` fd sjaujc`tc rcodmmjý` ... ‖sjc`ol dprlhdod ml` fd sjaujc`tc c`kjc`od (csmrjhc fd c`kjc`od)‛). ]caujodkc`tc sc prlmcojý d fd prcsc`tdmjý` oc fls j`glrkcs j `glrkcs oc fds

sjaujc`tcs mlkjsjl`cs9 4) ]cmrctdrëd (fcmturd oc fd mlrrcspl`oc`mjd rcmjhjod l c`vjdod), sjc`ol dprlhdod (c` mdsl oc scr dprlhdod pcrl rcmucroc quc bdy mudtrl lpmjl`cs9 dprlhdod, ocsdprlhdod, 8

 

]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

pc`ojc`tc y `l prcsc`tý j`glrkc, c` tlols fls mdsls) 8) _cslrcrëd (Cf scmrctdrjl ochc bdmcr ml`stdr fls sjaujc`tcs kl`tls9 _ltdf j`arcsl, _ltdf carcsls, vd` pdrd cf prýxjkl kcs l mudfqujcr rcmlkc`odmjý` quc oc fd dsdkhfcd df tcslrcrl pdrd su kcilr cicrmjmjl), sjc`ol dprlhdol, =) Ojäml`ls (bdmcr ml`stdr c` dmtd sýfl md`tjodocs (md`tjodo oc dyuod slmjdf c` cgcmtjvl odod l tltdf oc pcrsl`ds duxjfjdods. @l csmrjhd fls `lkhrcs oc fds pcrsl`ds dyuodods), sjc`ol dprlhdol5 ?) ^dstlr (sýfl dsjc`tc c` dmtd fl mud`tjgjmdhfc), sjc`ol dprlhdol, 3) (Ltrds mlkjsjl`cs tlods rcodmtdods c` cf kjskl cstjfl). Csmumbdols fls j`glrkcs oc fds ojgcrc`tcs mlkjsjl`cs sc prlmcojý d Dsu`tls ^c`ojc`tcs, mlkl scau`ol pu`tl oc fd dac`od. Fd mlkjsjý` ‖R‛ j`glrkd quc sc bjzl fd vjsjtd rcmlkc`odod plr fd dsdkhfcd c` fd scsjý`

d`tcrjlr, Fd _cslrcrëd j`glrkd quc bjzl fds mlrrcmmjl`cs d fd ml`tdhjfjodo suacrjod plr fd dsdkhfcd, qucod`ol oc fd sjaujc`tc kd`crd9 (................), sjc`ol dprlhdol. Cf j`glrkc pc`ojc`tc pdstlrdf ocf kcs oc ......... guc prcsc`tdol y dprlhdol. Daltdol fls pu`tls oc dsu`tls pc`ojc`tcs, sc prlmcojý d Dsu`tls `ucvls. Cf Kj`jstcrjl oc \\\\\\\\\\\\\ slfjmjtd quc.........., sjc`ol dprlhdol, cf ^dstlr rcmlkjc`od d fd jafcsjd fl sjaujc`tc9 ............ qucod`ol dprlhdol. Ml`tj`ud`ol ml` fd dac`od, sc prlmcojý d Ocrcmbl oc pdfdhrd, ol`oc cf bcrkd`l Mdrfls ^êrcz prlpusl quc sc mlkprdrd u` `ucvl vc`tjfdolr, sjc`ol dprlhdol. (C` mdsl quc c` ocrcmbl oc pdfdhrd fds prlplsjmjl`cs `l scd` dprlhdods `l sc ochc` dsc`tdr c` dmtd). (Xcmlkc`odmjl`cs c` ocrcmbl oc pdfdhrd mlkl9 ‖rcmlkjc`ol quc fls bcrkd`ls ffcauc` käs tckprd`l‛. ‖prlpl`al quc fl tc`adkls käs dklr c` fl quc bdmckls‛ y c` csc

cstjfl, plr fl ac`crdf `l bdy `dod quc dprlhdr, pcrl së sc fc csmumbd sus rcmlkc`odmjl`cs. D `l scr quc cf kjckhrl pjod quc ml`stc c` dmtd sus pdfdhrds). Daltdol fls pu`tls d`tcrjlrcs sc prlmcojý d fd fcmturd ocf Dmtd fcvd`tdod, bdmjê`olfc fds sjaujc`tcs c`kjc`ods (sj fds bdy), sjc`ol dprlhdod. Gj`dfjzdol cf lroc` oc fd dac`od sc prlmcojý d fcvd`tdr fd scsjý` d fds (blrd). Gjrkd cf scmrctdrjl y cf ^dstlr. KLOCFL OC S@ DM_D CR_XDLXOJ@DXJD CR_XDLXOJ@DXJD   DM_D CR_XDLXOJ@DXJD @.¹ 2  2  Bly, (gcmbd), `ls bckls odol mjtd mj td c` cf flmdf ocf tckpfl oc fd Jafcsjd Hdutjstd C`kd`ucf, fls bcrkd`ls9 (`lkhrcs y dpcffjols oc mdod kjckhrl), tlols kjckhrls oc fd jafcsjd, ml` cf prlpýsjtl oc mcfchrdr dsdkhfcd cxtrdlroj`drjd ml`vlmdod plr cf pdstlr. Bdhjc`ol ml`stdtdol cf mulruk rcafdkc`tdrjl, cf pdstlr prlmcojý d prcsc`tdr cf prlpýsjtl oc fd dsdkhfcd y fls pu`tls d trdtdr (dsc`tdr c` dmtd fls pu`tls) ........ Daltdod fd ojsmusjý`, oj smusjý`, sc prlmcojý d fd fcmturd ocf dmtd, sjc`ol dprlhdod, dmtl scaujol sc fcvd`tý fd scsjý` d fds (blrd). Gjrkd` ^dstlr y scmrctdrjl (C` cstds dsdkhfcds `l prcsc`td` j`glrkcs fds mlkjsjl`cs l kj`jstcrjls, sc trdtd cxmfusjvdkc`tc fls pu`tls d trdtdr, oc jaudf glrkd, sýfl sc dsjc`td c` dmtd fl dprlhdol). KLOCFL OC S@D DAC@OD OC D]DKHFCD LXOJ@DXJD. Mdod vcz quc sc bdmc u`d rcu`jý`, sc tjc`c quc kd`cidr u`d dac`od pdrd tc`cr u`d prlardkdmjý` hjc` lrad`jzdod. Cstd ml`tckpfd oc glrkd hrcvc cf ocsdrrlffl oc fd rcu`jý` rcu`jý`   4. 4.   OCWLMJL@DF 8.  ML@]_D_DMJÝ@ OCF MSLXSK =. =.   ^XC]C@_DMJÝ@ OC J@GLXKC]  =

 

]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>  

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]cmrctdrëd   Mlrrcspl`oc`mjd rcmjhjod   Mlrrcspl`oc`mjd c`vjodod. _cslrcrëd Ojäml`ls ^dstlrdf Kj`jstcrjl l mlkjsjý` oc Dolrdmjý` Kj`jstcrjl l mlkjsjý` oc oëds cspcmjdfcs  

         

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Ctm. D]S@_L] ^C@OJC@_C] D]S@_L] @SCWL] OCXCMBL OC ^DFDHXD FCM_SXD OCF DM_D GJ@ OC ]C]JÝ@. ]ýfl cf pdstlr l prcsjoc`tc oc fd dsdkhfcd pucoc odr gj` d fd scsjý`.

_CKD9 MDX_D OC XCMLKC@ODMJÝ@. S`d mdrtd oc rcmlkc`odmjý` cs u` olmukc`tl bcmbl plr u`d ckprcsd l plr u`d pcrsl`d c` fl pdrtjmufdr, c` hc`cgjmjl, ac`crdfkc`tc oc u`d pcrsl`d. Bdy ojgcrc`tcs mfdscs oc mdrtds oc rcmlkc`odmjý`. Cf lhictjvl oc cstd mdrtd cs klstrdr quc crcs u`d pcrsl`d rcspl`sdhfc, trdhdidolrd, bl`cstd y bl`rdod c` qujc` pucoc` ml`gjdr pfc`dkc`tc. Fls pu`tls j`ojspc`sdhfcs sl` 4. 4.   `lkhrc ocf rcmlkc`od`tc y ocf rcmlkc`odol 8. 8.   fd gcmbd y fd gjrkd ocf rcmlkc`od`tc C` scau`ol têrkj`l, sc j`arcsd` c`ukcrdols plr tu rcmlkc`od`tc tus mudfjodocs y vjrtuocs ml` fd gj`dfjodo oc j`glrkdr fl quc pucocs y sdhcs bdmcr, dsë mlkl tu ocsckpcôl ourd`tc tu fdpsl oc trdhdil l ourd`tc cf tjckpl quc tc bd` ml`lmjol, (cstl ocpc`ojc`ol ocf tjpl y glrkd oc fd mdrtd). Klocfl oc Mdrtd oc Xcmlkc`odmjý` Xcm lkc`odmjý` Zl, ……………………………………………………………. mlkl ^dstlr oc fd Jafcsjd ^rlgêtjmd9 ‖_rl`l oc Icblvä‛ y cf Mucrpl Lgjmjdf oc `ucstrd Jafcsjd ocf fuadr oc ……………………………………………………………………………, ocf Ojstrjtl………………………………, odkls gc quc `ucstrl bcrkd`l (d) ……………………………………………… Cs kjckhrl dmtjvl (d) oc cstd Jafcsjd y cstä c` pfc`d mlku`jý` ml` fls prj`mjpjls rcfjajlsls quc prlgcsdkls. ^lr fl quc cxtc`ockls rcmlkc`odmjý` d gdvlr oc cf (cffd) pdrd quc su rcprcsc`tdol pucod ml`arcadrsc c` ojmbd ml`arcadmjý`. Dockäs, cs ml`lmjol c` `ucstrd ml`arcadmjý` plr su gjocfjodo df ]côlr, huc` tcstjkl`jl, huc` ocsckpcôl c` fd Jafcsjd y u` d`bcfdol scrvjmjl plr supcrdrsc c` fd lhrd oc Ojls. ^lr fl td`tl, y sj` `dod käs d quc rcgcrjr`ls, cxtc`ockls fd prcsc`tc d fls \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\ \\\\\\\\\\\ ocf kcs oc  \\\\\\\\\\ ocf dôl 8>\\, quc `ucstrl Ojls tlol plocrlsl fcs hc`ojad. hc`ojad. ?

 

]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

G. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ^dstlr flmdf D`dstdsjl Hurals

G. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ]cmrctdrjl Ac`crdf Cstchd` Cuac`jl Wdrads

]CFFL _CKD9 FD C@]CÔD@YD OC FD KDZLXOLKËD C@ FD JAFC]JD

Mdod jafcsjd flmdf ochc oc cxtc`ocrsc cxtc`ocrsc c`  c` fd prlmfdkdmjý` ocf cvd`acfjl, mdod jafcsjd flmdf sc slstjc`c slstjc`c gj`d`mjcrdkc`tc  gj`d`mjcrdkc`tc y mdod jafcsjd flmdf ochc alhcr`drsc alhcr`drsc d  d së kjskd, rcspctd`ol fds `lrkds cmfcsjästjmds, olmtrj`d y mlstukhrcs ml`tc`jods c` cf Xcafdkc`tl J`tcr`l, fls Cstdtutls y c` cf mdsl oc fds ]lmjcodocs cf Kd`udf Ac`crdf oc fds ]lmjcodocs. 4.  4.  Ojls cs cf oucôl oc tlol. @lsltrls slfl slkls dokj`jstrdolrcs (]df. 8?94) 8.  8.  Ojls tjc`c u` pfd` gj`d`mjcrl pdrd cf slstc`jkjc`tl oc su lhrd9 fls ojczkls y fds lgrc`ods (Fv. 819=>5 Ot. 429 4-35 Kdf. =92-4>5 4Mlr. 4794-8) =.  =.  Cf pfd` gj`d`mjcrl quc prlplrmjl`d fd Hjhfjd j`mfuyc cf slstc`jkjc`tl oc fls kj`jstrls oc Ojls (@ùk. 425 4ªMlr. :9 4=-4?) ?.  Fls csgucrzls fd lhrd oc Ojls rcqujcrc` (Cx. =39?-:, 8>-8:5 =79 315 @ùk. 15 Cso.cspcmjdfcs 8972, 7:5 c` Xlk. 43983-815 4ªMlr. 4794-85lgrc`ods 8ªMlr. 2cspcmjdfcs y :) 3.  3.  Ojls hc`ojmc df quc pdrtjmjpd c` su pfd` gj`d`mjcrl (Kdf. =94>5 Fm. 79=25 8ªMlr. :91,4>,44) ]c od plr sc`tdol quc scrä cf pdstlr fd pcrsl`d quc c`scôdrä fd kdylrolkëd mrjstjd`d d su ml`arcadmjý`. Fd gdftd oc c`scôdr gjcfkc`tc fd kdylrolkëd trdc u` trjpfc odôl9 d fls mrcyc`tcs, d fd jafcsjd y df pdstlr kjskl. Fls mrcyc`tcs sc pcriuojmd` plrquc sc fcs prjvd oc fd hc`ojmjý` prlkctjod d fls quc pdrtjmjpd` c` cf pfd` gj`d`mjcrl oc Ojls. Fd jafcsjd sdfc pcrojc`ol plr kd`tc`crsc c` ocpflrdhfcs ml`ojmjl`cs cml`ýkjmds quc fc jkpjoc` mukpfjr käs cgcmtjvdkc`tc ml` su kjsjý`. Cf pdstlr tdkplml ad`d plrquc `l rcmjhjrä cf slstc`jkjc`tl docmudol. ]j cf pdstlr cs gjcf c` c`scôdr y prdmtjmdr fd kdylrolkëd fls quc mlfdhlrd` ml` êf cstdrä` ojspucstls d scaujr su cickpfl. @l cs plsjhfc quc qujc`cs tc`ad` d su mdral fd dokj`jstrdmjý` oc fd lhrd ocf ]côlr, `l scd` gjcfcs dokj`jstrdolrcs oc fl quc Ojls fcs bd ml`gjdol d cffls pcrsl`dfkc`tc. Cf tcslrcrl oc fd jafcsjd, cspcmjdfkc`tc ochc ojstj`aujrsc plr scr u` mrcyc`tc ac`crlsl y u` gjcf ojczkcrl. ]crëd dhsurol quc mustlojdrd fls hjc`cs ocf ]côlr u`d pcrsl`d quc fl ocgrduodrd.   _CKD9 FD] _XC] GD]C] OC FD DOKJ@J]_XDMJÝ@ (_XC] D]^CM_L] OC FD DOKJ@J]_DMJÝ@) C` tlol sjstckd oc dokj`jstrdmjý` gj`d`mjcrd cxjstc` trcs gdscs l ctdpds hjc` ocgj`jods9 FD XCMDSODMJÝ@, FD MS]_LOJD Z FD J@WCX]JÝ@ OC FL] GL@OL]. GL@OL] .

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]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

4. 4.   Fd rcmduodmjý`. ]j hjc` sc bdmc ml` fds lgrc`ods. ]c dmlstukhrd c` fds jafcsjds cvd`aêfjmds quc cf oj`crl rcmduodol scd ml`tdol plr u`d mlkjsjý` plr fl kc`ls oc ols pcrsl`ds, prcgcrc`tckc`tc trcs. Cf tcslrcrl ochc scr u`l oc fls kjckhrls oc cstd mlkjsjý`. C` dfau`ds jafcsjds sc cfjac tdkhjê`, u` scmrctdrjl oc gj`d`zds, gj `d`zds, quc cs fd pcrsl`d quc d`ltd fls j`arcsls, muc`td cf oj`crl y fl c`trcad d fds jafcsjds. ^drd u` kcilr ocsckpcôl oc su mlkctjol, fd mlkjsjý` ochc ffcvdr u` mudocr`l l fjhrl c` cf quc d`ltc fds lgrc`ods @.

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_ltdfcs

_ltdfcs

Mud`ol sc bdmc` crladmjl`cs u lgrc`ods cspcmjdfcs oc mjcrtd ml`sjocrdmjý`, cs kcilr ltlradr u` rcmjhl d mdod ol`dolr, slhrc tlol mud`ol sc bdmc u`d fjstd oc prlkcsds plr octcrkj`dod sukd. D vcmcs sumcocrä quc dfau`ds pcrsl`ds c`trcadrä` df pdstlr su lgrc`od, fd quc lhvjdkc`tc cstc cstrcadrä df tcslrcrl oc fd jafcsjd, sdfvl quc sc trdtc oc dfau`d ol`dmjý` quc csd pcrsl`d qujsjcrd bdmcr cxprcsdkc`tc df pdstlr. 8.  8.  Fd mustlojd oc fl quc sc bd rcmjhjol. Mud`ol fd jafcsjd tc`ad u`d muc`td hd`mdrjd, cs ml`vc`jc`tc dprlvcmbdr cstc scrvjmjl, ocplsjtd`ol cf oj`crl quc sc bd rcmdodol plr ml`mcptl oc lgrc`ods. Oc cstc klol fls gl`ols oc fd jafcsjd cstdrä` kcilr prltcajols. Fd muc`td, quc pucoc scr mlrrjc`tc l oc dblrrls, ochc dhrjrsc d `lkhrc oc fd jafcsjd y ml` fds gjrkds ocf pdstlr y ocf tcslrcrl. Cstc ùftjkl bdrä cf ocpýsjtl c` cf hd`ml, ocid`ol c` mdid dfau`d md`tjodo pdrd muhrjr adstls kc`lrcs. Cf hd`ml fc c`trcadrä u` mlkprlhd`tc oc ocpýsjtl quc fc scrvjrä oc cvjoc`mjd d`tc fd mlkjsjý` rcvjsdolrd oc muc`tds . C` dfau`ls mdsls `l scrä plsjhfc tc`cr u`d muc`td c` cf hd`ml. ^lorëd scr, tdf vcz, quc u` kjckhrl, cf tcslrcrl audroc y mustlojc fls gl`ols oc fd jafcsjd, kjc`trds cstls `l sc usc` pdrd octcrkj`dols prlycmtls, adstls c j`vcrsjl`cs. Fd ml`arcadmjý` tc`orä käs ml`gjd`zd c` u`d mlrrcmtd dokj`jstrdmjý` y, ml`sjaujc`tckc`tc, mllpcrc ml` käs ac`crlsjodo mud`ol cf kjckhrl scd `l cf oucôl sj`l cf mustlojl oc fls hjc`cs ocf ]côlr. =.  =.  Fd j`vcrsjý` oc fls gl`ols. Cf oj`crl rcmduodol sc j`vcrtjrä ml`glrkc d fls dmucrols tlkdols plr fd jafcsjd, l c` su ocgcmtl, plr fd iu`td lgjmjdf l Mucrpl Lgjmjdf. _dkhjê` cs oc dmfdrdr quc fds lgrc`ods scrvjrä` pdrd pdals oc c`craëd cfêmtrjmd, daud pltdhfc, pdals oc jkpucstls, tcfêgl`l, dyuod d fls plhrcs y `cmcsjtdols, pdals oc mrêojtls, ml`strummjý` y kcilrëds oc fd mdsd ocf ]côlr, 7

 

]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

mlkprd oc j`sukls oc fjkpjczd, adstls oc fd sd`td mc`d, mlkprd oc cqujpl oc sl`jol oc fd jafcsjd, j afcsjd, kdtcrjdfcs oc csmucfd hëhfjmd, ctm. Cf pdstlr `l ochc utjfjzdr fds lgrc`ods oc fd gjfjdf quc cstc pdstlrcd`ol pdrd adstls pcrsl`dfcs, cxmcptl dfau`d ckcrac`mjd ckcrac`mjd ml`td`ol ml` cf scmrctdrjl y cf tcslrcrl oc ojmbd Gjfjdf. _dkplml cf tcslrcrl cs cf oucôl oc fls gl`ols quc audrod, êf tdkplml fls ochc utjfjzdrfls pdrd adstls pcrsl`dfcs5 sjckprc tjc`c quc odr muc`td oc su kdylrolkëd c` scsjý` d`tc fls lgjmjdfcs, scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls oc fds ojrcmtjvds oc fd jafcsjd. Dockäs, fd ml`arcadmjý` flmdf tjc`c cf ochcr oc dplrtdr d fd Iu`td Ojrcmtjvd u`d md`tjodo oc fds lgrc`ods lhtc`jods c` cf kcs pdrd cf slstc`jkjc`tl oc fd lhrd d `jvcf `dmjl`df. ^drd cffl, cf pdstlr flmdf pcojrä c` rcu`jý` kc`sudf ml` sus scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls u`d ml`tdhjfjodo cstrjmtd pdrd bdmcrfd ffcadr d fd Lrad`jzdmjý` c` mdod rcu`jý`.   Fd multd gjfjdf   Mlfdhlrdmjý` pdrd fd ml`strummjý` oc scau`ol `jvcf oc fd jafcsjd mc`trdf   Lgrc`od kjsjl`crd   Fd multd prl-ocgusjý`. Mud`ol sus kjckhrls cstê` dgjfjdols l ocscc` tc`cr ocrcmbl d fls usls gu`crdrjls.   Ojczkl oc lgrc`od   Multd oc dmtjvjodo plr mdkpdôds l muftls u`jols j.  Mdkpdôd cvd`acfëstjmd (oc 4 oëd $\\\\ l oc 8 oëds l käs $\\\\) jj.  jj.  Muftls u`jols (oc u` oëd $ \\\\) \\ \\) 

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_CKD9 FL] ^XLMCOJKJC@_L] ML@_DHFC] (L^CXDMJL@C] HÄ]JMD]) C` u` sjstckd oc dokj`jstrdmjý` oc gj`d`zds cs jkprcsmj`ojhfc cf usl oc fjhrls oc ml`tdhjfjodo. Mlkl fds prj`mjpdfcs trd`sdmmjl`cs oc fd jafcsjd tjc`c` quc vcr ml` klvjkjc`tl oc oj`crl, scrä sugjmjc`tc u` fjhrl oc mdid, cf quc ochc cstdr c` plocr ocf tcslrcrl. C` jafcsjds oc kdylrcs j`arcsls l oc kdylr klvjkjc`tl gj`d`mjcrl, ml`vjc`c tc`cr, dockäs, ltrls fjhrls mlkl cf oc mdid kdylr, cf oc hd`ml l muc`tds mlrrjc`tcs y cf oc j`vc`tdrjls. Fls fjhrls oc mdid vjc`c` glfjdols ml` u` `ùkcrl mdod ols päaj`ds. C` fd oc fd jzqujcrod, quc sc ffdkd Ochc, sc rcajstrdrd` fds c`trdods l j`arcsls, y c` fd oc fd ocrcmbd, ffdkdod Bdhcr, fls adstls l carcsls. Fls j`arcsls ml`sjstc` ac`crdfkc`tc c` lgrc`ods y ojczkls y, oc vcz c` mud`ol, c` vc`tds oc dfau`ds mlsds y ocvlfumjl`cs y rctc`mjl`cs oc oj`crl. Fls carcsls cstä` ml`stjtujols prj`mjpdfkc`tc plr fls adstls ac`crdfcs oc fd jafcsjd, fd rcku`crdmjý` ocf pdstlr y mlkprd oc dfau`ls drtëmufls. Mjcrtl tjpl oc lgrc`ods sc c`trcad` c` su tltdfjodo d octcrkj`dod pcrsl`d l j`stjtumjý`, plr cickpfl, d u` prcojmdolr vjsjtd`tc, pdrd u` bcrkd`l c` ojgjmuftdocs cml`ýkjmds, pdrd fds kjsjl`cs l fd slmjcodo hëhfjmd. C` tdfcs mdsls cs käs ml`vc`jc`tc rcajstrdr mlkl j`arcsl fd lgrc`od rcmjhjod plr cf tcslrcrl l mlkl carcsl fd kjskd md`tjodo mud`ol cstc fd c`trcad d su ocstj`dtdrjl. Cf bcmbl oc rcajstrdr cstd mfdsc oc lgrc`ods, quc ocsdglrtu`dodkc`tc c` kumbds jafcsjds `l sc prdmtjmd, cfjkj`drä c` pdrtc fd qucid oc dfau`ls quc dgjrkd` quc fd jafcsjd u`d sukd kdylr quc fd quc lgrcmjcrl` ocf pdstlr l ocf tcslrcrl. 1

 

]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

D ml`tj`udmjý`, sc prcsc`td u` klocfl oc dsjc`tls c` cf fjhrl oc mdid9 GCMBD

ML@MC^_L

OCHC

BDHCX

]DFOL

_L_DFC] C` fd prjkcrd mlfuk`d sc j`ojmd cf oëd c` quc sc cgcmtuý fd trd`sdmmjý`. C` fd scau`od sc pl`c cf octdffc l ocsmrjpmjý` oc fd trd`sdmmjý`. C` fd tcrmcrd mlfuk`d sc d`ltd cf vdflr oc fd trd`sdmmjý`. C` fd mudrtd sc d`ltdrä cf vdflr quc carcsý l sdfjý c` fd trd`sdmmjý`. C` fd quj`td fls rcsuftdols tltdfcs. Dockäs, fds md`tjodocs c` ml`mcptl oc lgrc`ods cspcmjdfcs pdrd pdstlrcs l prcojmdolrcs j`vjtdols5 pdrd cf Hëhfjml sc ochcrä` d`ltdr c` cf Ochc mlkl c`trdods y ochcrä` dpdrcmcr tdkhjê` c` cf Bdhcr, j`ojmä`olsc dsë quc gucrl` c`trcadods l c`vjdods d qujc` mlrrcspl`od`. Cf tltdf oc lgrc`od oc fls flmdfcs (d`cxls, kjsjl`cs, muftls df djrc fjhrc, mdkpls hfd`mls, ctm.). ^uojê`olsc ffcvdr c` fjhrls l mudocr`ls duxjfjdrcs pdrd ocspuês y df gj`df ocf kcs pdsdrfls df fjhrl oc dsjc`tls kdylr. Df gj` oc mdod kcs, y mud`ol sc bd octcrkj`dol cf sdfol quc qucod pdrd cf kcs sjaujc`tc, cs `cmcsdrjl cgcmtudr u` drqucl, lpcrdmjý` quc ml`sjstc c` ml`tdr cf oj`crl quc bdy c` mdid y c` cf hd`ml, rcstd`ol fls mbcqucs quc dù` `l bd` sjol mlhrdols, y vcr quc cf tltdf mlj`mjod ml` cf sdfol quc od cf fjhrl oc mdid. C` mdsl oc `l mlj`mjojr fds ols md`tjodocs, bdy quc husmdr cf crrlr y mlrrcajrfl. 2

 

]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

KLOCFL OC S@ XC^LX_C ]CKD@DF OC ]LMJCODOC] GCMBD9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Xcplrtc sckd`df oc ‖\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\‛ oc fd Jafcsjd ^rlgêtjmd9 ‖_rl`l oc Icblvä‛ c` \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\. ]c trdhdiý oc

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D]J]_C@MJD OC BCXKD@L]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ D]J]_C@MJD OC BCXKD@D]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ D]J]_C@MJD OC @JÔL]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ D]J]_C@MJD OC DKJAL]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\ OC]GJFDXL@9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ BLADXC] WJ]J_DOL]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ CWD@ACFJYDOL]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ DMC^_DOL]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ XCML@MJFJDOL]9 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ D]J]_C@MJD AC@CXDF \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\ \\

LGXC@OD9 _DFC@_L _L_DF, OC LGXC@OD

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]ckj`drjl oc mdpdmjtdmjý` pdrd scmrctdrjls y tcslrcrls 8>8>

KLOCFL OC S@ J@GLXKC GJ@D@MJCXL KC@]SDF Xcplrtc oc dsjstc`mjd y c`trcad gj`d`mjcrd mlrrcspl`ojc`tc df kcs oc  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\ Lgrc`ods GCMBD

ML@MC^_L

OCHC C`trdods

BDHCX ]dfjods

]DFOL ]dfol

ML@MC^_L

OCHC

BDHCX

]DFOL

_dfc`tl GCMBD

Dsjstc`mjd Ac`crdf mlrrcspl`ojc`tc d cstc kcs  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ Dsjstc`mjd tltdf 4>