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November 12, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

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Ahcufthb: Imegmigrïh. Gscugfh: Gfgctrómich. Hsiemhturh: Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl (SCL848). Fuehr bg gjgcucióm: Imstruogmthcióm y Clmtrlf (Gbiaicil 3,

>h pfhmth)

Rgoh: Wsl bg OHRFHN gm fls Sis Sistgohs tgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl Clopgtgmcih Bgshrrlffh slfucilmgs clm nhsg gm fh tgcmlfleïh gfgctrómich y ogbihmtg gf usl thmtl bg bisplsitivls

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prlerhohnfgss clol biscrgtls y gf bisgøl gfgctrómic prlerhohnfg gfgctrómicl l (Ime. Niloébich). Niloébich).

Crgh slfucilmgs h prlnfgohs bg imstruogmthcióm y clmtrlf bg sistgohs bg prlbuccióm imbustrihf (Ime.

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Hutlohtizhcióm).

Slfucilmh prlnfgohs gm imegmigrïh qug iopfichm fh imtgerhcióm bg biagrgmtgs rhohs bgf clmlcioigmtl, clol

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ogcèmich, gféctrich gfgctrómich g imalroètich imbustrihf, thmtl gm gf èrgh bg pfhmghcióm bg pfhmths imbustrihfgs clol gm gf bg bisgøl bg gquipl ogchtrómicl (Ime. Ogchtrómich).

Sunclopgtgmcih Hmhfizh sistgohs bg clmtrlf hutloèticl utifizhmbl fhs `grrhoigmths OHRFHN y SIOWFIMK. SIOWFIMK. Lntigmg bhtls útifgs bg um sistgoh bg clmtrlf utifizhmbl fhs `grrhoigmths OHRFHN y SIOWFIMK. SIOWFIMK.

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Imbichblrgs bg flerl Crgh aumcilmgs bg trhmsagrgmcih h phrtir bg sus gxprgsilmgs plfimóoichs l bg sus plfls y cgrls. Bgtgroimh fls phrèogtrls bg um sistgoh bg sgeumbl lrbgm. Egmgrh erèaicls bg fh rgspugsth bg um sistgoh gm gf bloimil bgf tigopl cuhmbl sg fg hpfichm sgøhfgs gschfóm

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umithril y sgøhf iopufsl. Wtifizh fls clohmbls ‖sgrigs‟ y ‖aggbnhck‟ phrh fh rgbuccióm bg biherhohs bg nflqugs. nflqugs. Wtifizh fh aumcióm bg OHRFHN ohslm.o phrh siopfiaichr um erèaicl bg afujl bg sgøhfgs. Wtifizh fhs `grrhoigmths bg OHRFHN phrh bgtgroimhr fh trhmsalrohbh y hmti trhmsalrohbh bg Fhpfhcg. Wtifizh fh `grrhoigmth SIOWFIMK phrh lntgmgr phrèogtrls útifgs bgf cloplrthoigmtl bg um sistgoh bg clmtrlf.

Ohtgrihfgs y gquipl 8 Cloputhblrh clm OHRFHN y SIOWFIMK imsthfhbl imsthfhbl 8 Hrcìvl ohslm.o ohslm.o

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>

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

Imtrlbuccióm Rgórich GSR^WCRW^H BGF T^LCGBIOIGMRL. Gsth hctivibhb gstè gstructurhbh gm 5 phrtgs y 8 hmgxl: hmgxl: 8. Bgcfhrhcióm bg Aumcilmgs bg Rrhmsagrgmcih. Rrhmsagrgmcih. lrbgm. >. Thrèogtrls bg umh aumcióm bg sgeumbl lrbgm. 3. Erèaicls y rgspugsth gm gf tigopl. tigopl. 2. Hfegnrh bg nflqugs. nflqugs. 7. Siopfiaichcióm bg Erèaicls bg Afujl bg Sgøhfgs (EAS) ushmbl fh rgefh bg Ohslm. Ohslm. 1. Fh trhmsalrohbh y Hmti trhmsalrohbh bg Fhpfhcg. Fhpfhcg. 5. Sioufhcióm bg sistgohs bg clmtrlf hutloèticl gm SIOWFIMK: SIOWFIMK: 0. HMGPL: Wsl bg fh aumcióm bg OHRFHN ‖ohslm.o‟ (hrcìvl o). o).

IMALÔHCILM EGMG^HF SLN^G FH @G^^HOIGMRH OHRFHN. Gm høls rgcigmtgs, gf hmèfisis y bisgøl bg sistgohs bg clmtrlf `hm sibl hagcthbls brhoètichogmtg plr fh prlfiagrhcióm bgf usl bg fhs cloputhbl cloputhblrhs, rhs, gspgcihfogmtg gspgcihfogmtg bg fhs cloputhbl cloputhblrhs rhs pgrslmhfgs. Gsths sg `hm `gc`l thm plbgrlshs y hvhmzhbhs qug pugbgm rgslfvgr prlnfgohs bg sistgohs bg clmtrlf clm ahcifibhb. Wml bg fls prlerhohs útifgs gm gf chopl bgf clmtrlf hutloèticl gs OHRFHN, hfeumhs bg sus chrhctgrïstichs oès mlthnfgs slm: slm:

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Fh prlerhohcióm gs ouc`l oès sgmciffh. sgmciffh. @hy clmtimuibhb gmtrg vhflrgs gmtgrls, rghfgs y clopfgjls. clopfgjls. Fh hopfitub bg imtgrvhfl y fh gxhctitub bg fls múogrls slm ohylrgs. ohylrgs. Cugmth clm umh ninfiltgch ohtgoètich hopfih. hopfih. Hnumbhmtgs `grrhoigmths erèaichs, imcfuibhs aumcilmgs bg imtgrahz erèaich clm gf usuhril. usuhril. Chphcibhb bg vimcufhrsg clm fls fgmeuhjgs bg prlerhohcióm trhbicilmhfgs. trhbicilmhfgs. Rrhmsplrthnifibhb bg fls prlerhohs OHRFHN. OHRFHN.

Fh ninfiltgch ohtgoètich bg OHRFHN ahcifith hmèfisisqug ohtgoèticls. Hbgoès, usuhril pugbg crghr rutimhs ohtgoètichs hbicilmhfgs clm ouc`h ohylrfls ahcifibhb gm ltrls fgmeuhjgs bggf prlerhohcióm, erhcihs h fh clmtimuibhb gmtrg fhs vhrihnfgs rghfgs y clopfgjhs. Gmtrg fhs muogrlshs aumcilmgs ohtgoètichs, fls slfucilmhblrgs bg èfegnrh fimghf bgsgopgøhm um phpgf crucihf; bg `gc`l, tlbl gf sistgoh OHRFHN sg nhsh gm gstls slfucilmhblrgs. slfucilmhblrgs.

IOTL^RHMCIH BG FHS E^ÈAICHS Gf hmèfisis visuhf bg fls prlnfgohs ohtgoèticls hyubh h cloprgmbgr fhs ohtgoètichs y h `hcgrfhs oès hsgquinfgs. Humqug gsth vgmthjh gs nigm clmlcibh, fh prgsgmthcióm bg rgsufthbls chfcufhbls clm erèaicls bg cloputhblrh slfïh rgqugrir um gsaugrzl hbicilmhf clmsibgrhnfg. Clm OHRFHN, gm chonil, nhsthm umls cuhmtls clohmbls phrh prlbucir prgsgmthcilmgs erèaichs bgf ohtgrihf ohtgoèticl. Gs plsinfg crghr lnjgtls erèaicls cigmtïaicls g imcfusl hrtïsticls gm fh phmthffh ogbihmtg gxprgsilmgs ohtgoètichs. ohtgoètichs.

SIOWFIMK   SIOWFIMK gs um gmtlrml bg biherhohs bg nflqug phrh fh sioufhcióm ouftibloimil y gf bisgøl nhshbl gm olbgfls. Hboitg gf bisgøl y fh sioufhcióm h mivgf bg sistgoh, fh egmgrhcióm hutloètich bg cóbiel y fh prugnh

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

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y vgriaichcióm clmtimuhs bg fls sistgohs gongnibls. gongnibls. SIOWFIMK largcg um gbitlr erèaicl, ninfiltgchs bg nflqugs pgrslmhfizhnfgs y slfucilmhblrgs phrh olbgfhr y sioufhr sistgohs bimèoicls. Sg imtgerh clm OHRFHN, fl qug pgroitg imclrplrhr hfelritols bg OHRFHN gm fls olbgfls y gxplrthr fls rgsufthbls bg fh sioufhcióm h OHRFHN phrh ffgvhr h chnl oès hmèfisis.

Trlcgbioigmtl H clmtimuhcióm, sg prgsgmth um tutlrihf clm biagrgmtgs clohmbls y `grrhoigmths bg OHRFHN utifizhbls phrh gf hmèfisis y bisgøl bg sistgohs bg clmtrlf hutloèticl, bgshrrlffg fls gjgopfls phrh plbgr rgslfvgr fls gjgrcicils qug sg prgsgmthm gm gf hmèfisis bg rgsufthbls. Hnrh gf prlerhoh OHRFHN, gspgrg qug gstg chreug g imbiqug qug gstè fistl (^ghby). (^ghby).

TÎOG^H TH^RG: Bgcfhrhcióm bg Aumcilmgs bg Rrhmsagrgmcih: Fh simthxis gs: gs:

sys ? ta(muo, bgm) Sg bgsgh crghr fh sieuigmtg aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih bg um sistgoh SISL (umh gmtrhbh y umh shfibh) gm OHRFHN:

( 3 . 2 ∕ )  8 . 7 ( ) 8( ?    (8.1 ∕ )  4.0 8 @hy vhrihs plsinfgs simthxis phrh crghr E8: E8: == E8?ta([4,3.2,8.7_,[8,8.1,4.0_) E8?ta([4,3.2,8.7_,[8,8.1,4.0_)

Sg lntgmbrè: lntgmbrè: Rrhmsagr aumctilm: 3.2 s + 8.7 ----------------s]>

8.1 s + 4.0

Ltrh alroh plbrïh sgr: sgr: == muo> ? [4, 3.2, 8.7_; == bgm> ? [8, 8.1, 4.0_; == E> ? ta(muo8,bgm8)

Y sg lntgmbrè fl oisol qug hmtgs: hmtgs:

Rrhmsagr aumctilm: 3.2 s + 8.7 ----------------s]> + 8.1 s + 4.0

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Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

Ltrh alroh bg flerhr fl oisol gs: gs: s?ta('s'); E3 ? (3.2*s+8.7)/(s]>+8.1*s+4.0) (3.2*s+8.7)/(s]>+8.1*s+4.0)

Y sg lntgmbrè fl oisol: oisol: Rrhmsagr aumctilm: 3.2 s + 8.7 ----------------s]> + 8.1 s + 4.0

Clol sg pugbg vgr fhs trgs aumcilmgs E8, E> y E3 slm fh oisoh. Cuhmbl sg trhnhjh clm aumcilmgs bg trhmsagrgmcih umh bg fhs clshs oès útifgs qug sg pugbg hvgrieuhr gs fh unichcióm bg sus plfls y cgrls, gsl sg pugbg `hcgr bg fh sieuigmtg ohmgrh. == [z,p,k_ ? ta>zp(muo>,bgm>)

Sg lntgmbrè: lntgmbrè: z ? -4.228> p ? -4.0444 + 4.2444i -4.0444 - 4.2444i k ? 3.2444

Mltg qug fls plfls slm clopfgjls clmjuehbls, fl qug iopfich qug gf sistgoh gs sun holrtieuhbl holrtieuhbl y tgmbrè slnrg iopufsl.   iopufsl. Gstls bhtls bgscringm fh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih nhsèmblsg gm trgs phrèogtrls, fls plfls fls cgrls y umh clmsthmtg bg vhflr k bg fh alroh: alroh:

Thrh vgriaichrfl gsth hairohcióm gscrinh fls sieuigmtgs clohmbls: clohmbls: == cfghr == cfc

Gstl fg pgroitg gfioimhr fhs vhrihnfgs prgvihogmtg crghbhs y fugel fiopihr fh vgmthmh bg trhnhjl, h`lrh bieithrè fls phrèogtrls:   phrèogtrls: == z ? [-4.228>_;

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

== p ? [-4.0+4.2i; -4.0-4.2i_; == k ? 3.2; == E2 ? zpk(z,p,k)

Gf rgsufthbl gs: gs: 3.2 (s + 4.228>) ---------------------(s]> + 8.1s + 4.0)

Fh aumcióm gstè gscrith gm alroh bg plfls y cgrls. cgrls. Ltrh alroh bg bgcfhrhr fh aumcióm gs: gs: == s?zpk('s'); E2 ? 3*(s+4.228>)/((s+4.0+4.2i)* 3*(s+4.228>)/((s+4.0+4.2i)*(s+4.0-4.2i) (s+4.0-4.2i)

Gsth aumcióm pugbg clmvgrtirsg h fh alroh bg plfimloil bg fh sieuigmtg ohmgrh: ohmgrh: == [muo,bgm_ ? zp>ta(z,p,k)

Gf rgsufthbl sgrè: sgrè: muo ?

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3.2444

8.7448

8.4444

8.1444

4.0444

bgm ?

Sg `hm egmgrhbl bls hrrgefls qug sg pugbgm clonimhr phrh lntgmgr fh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih lrieimhf E8. == E7 ? ta(muo,bgm)

^gsufthbl:   ^gsufthbl: 3.2 s + 8.7 ----------------s]> + 8.1 s + 4.0

GJG^CICILS: ^ghficg fhs sieuigmtgs hctivibhbgs utifizhmbl fh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih E(s): E(s):

>7 () ?    2  >7

Wshmbl hfeuml bg fls oétlbls ogmcilmhbls hmtgrilrogmtg bgcfhrg E(s).

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Bgtgroimg gf vhflr bg fls plfls, fls cgrls bg E(s), hbgoès gmcugmtrg gf vhflr bg fh clmsthmtg ‖k‟. ‖k‟.

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^ghficg fhs sieuigmtgs hctivibhbgs utifizhmbl fh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih O(s): O(s):

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Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

1

>7 () ? (  >  2 )(>2.91 2.9.911 )( >2.91)) Bgcfhrg O(s) utifizhmbl fh mlthcióm bg plfls, cgrls y fh clmsthmtg ‖k‟.

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Rrhmsalrog O(s) h su alroh bg plfimloil bg ohmgrh qug sg cloprugng qug:

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>7 >7 ? () ? ( > )(  >  2.91)    2  >1  >  2.91 )( SGEWMBH TH^RG: TH^RG: Thrèogtrls bg umh aaumcióm umcióm bg sgeumbl lrbgm. Fls phrèogtrls qug bgaimgm h umh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih trhmsagr gmcih bg >´ lrbgm slm fh argcugmcih bg lscifhcióm ml holrtieuhbh Um (rhb/sge) y gf ahctlr bg holrtieuhoigmtl (bhopime), si yh sg `h bgcfhrhbl umh aumcióm sg pugbg ushr um clohmbl phrh qug bgtgroimg bgtgroimg gstls ahctlrgs: ahctlrgs:

bhop(sys) Si sg gjgcuth gstg clogmbl clm fh aumcióm E7 qug sg bgcfhró prgvihogmtg sg lntigmgm fls sieuigmtgs rgsufthbls: rgsufthbls: == bhop(E7) Tlfg

-0.44g-48 + 2.44g-48i -0.44g-48 - 2.44g-48i

Bhopime

0.92g-48 0.92g-48

Argqugmcy (rhb/sgclmbs) 0.92g-48 0.92g-48

Riog Clmsthmt (sgclmbs) 8.>7g+44 8.>7g+44

Fh imalrohcióm qug sg lntigmg imcfuyg: imcfuyg: (Tlfg) Wnichcióm bg fls plfls (Tlfg) Gf ahctlr bg holrtieuhoigmtl (Bhopime) (Bhopime) Fh argcugmcih bg lscifhcióm ML holrtieuhbh Um (rhb/sgre) (rhb/sgre)

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Bgcfhrg fh sieuigmtg aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih y gmcugmtrg sus cgrls y plfls plfls

7  () ?    1  7

Mltg qug fls plfls slm rghfgs y bistimtls, fl qug iopfich qug gf sistgoh gs slnrg holrtieuhbl, holrtieuhbl, ML tgmbrè slnrg iopufsl y sg egmgrhrèm bls clmsthmtgs bg tigopl biagrgmtgs biagrgmtgs

H clmtimuhcióm, usg gf clohmbl bhop bhop == bhop(E)

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

Tlfg

-8.44g+44 -7.44g+44

Bhopime

8.44g+44 8.44g+44

Argqugmcy (rhb/sgclmbs)

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Riog Clmsthmt (sgclmbs)

8.44g+44 7.44g+44

8.44g+44 >.44g-48

Fh imalrohcióm qug sg lntigmg imcfuyg: imcfuyg:

Wnichcióm bg fls plfls S ? -8 y S ? -7. -7. Fhs bls clmsthmtgs bg tigopl R8 ? 8 / 8 sge ? 8.4 y R> ? 8 / 7 ? 4.> sge. sge.

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RG^CG^H TH^RG: Erèaicls y rgspugsth gm gf tigopl. Gxistgm vhrils clohmbls qug pgroitgm erhaichr bhtls imtgrgshmtgs, si yh sg `h bgaimibl um sistgoh ‖sys‟ sg pugbg ushr:   ushr:

pzohp(sys) Xug erhaich fls plfls y cgrls bgf sistgoh si stgoh y hbgoès si sg unich gf pumtgrl slnrg fls plfls imbic imbichh gf vhflr bgf clgaicigmtg bg holrtieuhoigmtl, gf slnrg iopufsl y bg Um. Um. Rhoniém gxistgm clohmbls phrh hpfichr sgøhfgs gspgcïaichs h umh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih: trhmsagrgmcih:

iopufsg: ^gspugsth hf iopufsl umithril. stgp: ^gspugsth hf gschfóm umithril.

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Fls clohmbls slm: slm:

iopufsg(sys) stgp(sys) Thrh gsth phrtg sg utifizhrè fh sieuigmtg aumcióm: aumcióm:

>7 ( )   ?    2  >7

Gstg sistgoh gs sun holrtieuhbl holrtieuhbl Wshmbl gf clohmbl hbgcuhbl erhaiqug gf ‖ohph bg plfls y cgrls‟ (vgrè qug sg bgspfigeh umh sgeumbh vgmthmh) y bgtgroimg gf clgaicigmtg bg holrtieuhoigmtl, gf slnrg iopufsl y bg Um. Um. Hpfiqug umh sgøhf iopufsl ushmbl fh simthxis bgscrith hmtgrilrogmtg, fh iohegm sg bgspfigeh gm fh sgeumbh vgmthmh. Hpfiqug umh sgøhf gschfóm umithril ushmbl fh simthxis bgscrith hmtgrilrogmtg, fh iohegm sg bgspfigeh gm fh sgeumbh vgmthmh. Fls phrèogtrls oès ioplrthmtgs slm: tp ? 4.19 sge, ts ? >.4 sge y Op ? >7% y hbgoès si gf gschfóm hpfichbl gs umithril su vhflr bg gsthbl gsthnfg gs 8.4, plr fl qug ml tigmgm grrlr bg gsthbl gsthnfg. gsthnfg. Thrh vgriaichr fls bhtls hmtgrilrgs `heh cfic gm fh erèaich phrh fggr fls bhtls pumtuhfgs y clopèrgfls clm fhs prgbiccilmgss tgórichs. prgbiccilmg tgórichs.

0

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

CWH^RH TH^RG: Hfegnrh bg nflqugs. Gm fls sistgohs bg clmtrlf hutloèticl gs argcugmtg gf usl bg biherhohs bg nflqugs phrh su rgprgsgmthcióm, clol sg ougstrh h clmtimuhcióm gm fh Aieurh 3.8. 3.8.

Aieurh 3.8. Biherhoh bg nflqugs bg um sistgoh bg clmtrlf. clmtrlf. Suplmeh qug E> rgprgsgmth fh pfhmth bgf sistgoh, E8 gf clmtrlfhblr y @8 fh rgtrlhfiogmthcióm. Gstg biherhoh sg pugbg rgbucir rgbucir utifizhmbl utifizhmbl umh rgfhcióm rgfhcióm nigm clmlcibh bg gstg chopl, chopl, plr plr gjgopfl: gjgopfl:

 ? 8 ∕ > () ?  () ?  ( () 8   Si sg gscring fh sieuigmtg sgcugmcih bg clohmbls: clohmbls: == E8?ta(4.0,4.7); == E>?ta(8,[8 >_); == E ?sgrigs(E8,E>) E ? 4.0 --------4.7 s + 8

Thrh cgrrhr gf fhzl sg mgcgsith bgcfhrhrh @8, plr ahcifibhb bgf gjgopfl sg bgcfhrh clol umithrih. umithrih. == @ ? 8; == O ? aggbnhck(E, @, -8) O ? 4.0 ----------4.7 s + 8.0

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

9

4.0 ? 8.1 () ? (4.7∕)8.0  3.  3.1 Xug rgprgsgmth h fh aumcióm bg fhzl cgrrhbl yh siopfiaichbh. siopfiaichbh.

XWIMRH TH^RG: Siopfiaichcióm bg Erèaicls bg Afujl bg Sgøhfgs (EAS) ushmbl fh rgefh bg Ohslm. Thrh rghfizhr gsth sgccióm bgngrè rgvishr gf tutlrihf qug gstè gm gf hmgxl bg fh euïh phrh imalrohrsg bg fh ohmgrh bg bgng prlcgbgr clm fh aumcióm bg OHRFHN (hrcìvl ‖O‟) ffhohbh ‖ohslm.m‟, bgspués bg rgvishrfh clmtimuh gm gsth sgccióm y rgsugfvg (siopfiaich) gf biherhoh bg nflqugs qug sg ougstrh gm fh Aieurh 3.>. 3.>.

Aieurh 3.>. Biherhoh bg nflqugs bg um sistgoh bg clmtrlf. clmtrlf.   Si gstg sistgoh sg trhnhjh clm èfegnrh bg nflqugs y sg siopfiaich sg ffgeh h fh rgfhcióm:

5 ? 87  8>32  837> 8 8  2  88  3> 882  3>2  838>  838>2  8>33  8>332 Triogrl bgng hsgeurhrsg qug gm fh chrpgth Blcuogmtls/Ohtfhn sg gmcugmtrh gf hrcìvl ‖ohslm.o‟, siml gs hsï mltiaiqug hf blcgmtg bg fhnlrhtlril fhnlrhtlril H`lrh bgng crghr gf hrcìvl bg tgxtl qug bgaimg fh clmaieurhcióm bg fh rgb, hf qug sg fg bhrè gf mlonrg bg ‖rgb8.ubn‟ (phrh gstl usg gf nflc bg mlths) y gscrinh fl sieuigmtg: sieuigmtg: 8 > 3 2 7 1 5 0 9 84

8 > 3 7 3 3 2 7 7 1

> 3 > > 1 2 7 2 1 1

8 E8 E8 -@8 -@8 -@3 -@3 E7 E7 E> E> E3 E3 -@> -@> E2 E2 -@2 -@2

88 1 5 8 Gm gf ologmtl bg shfvhr gf hrcìvl gm fh chrpgth Blcuogmtls/Ohtfhn. Gm gf phrèogtrl ‖Ripl‟ fh lpcióm plr bgagctl gs ‖Blcuogmtl bg tgxtl (*.txt), pgrl bgng chonihrfh plr fh lpcióm ‖Rlbls fls hrcìvls‟. Gf mlonrg qug bgng clflchr gs ‖rgb8.ubn‟ ‖rgb8.ubn‟

84

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

@hy ltrhs ohmgrhs bg crghr gf hrcìvl ‖rgb8.ubn‟ utifizhmbl gf gbitlr bg Scipt‟ bg OHRFHN. Thrh gffl, gm fh pgsthøh ‖@log‟, bg cfic gm ‖Mgw‟ y fugel sgfgccilmg ‖Script‟, ‖Scr ipt‟, gf gbitlr sg hnrg. Clpig fls bht bhtls ls bg fh rgb, yh sgh sgphrèmblfls clm um gsphcil l thnufhcióm. thnufhcióm. Fugel sg shfvh gf hrcìvl gm fh chrpgth Blcuogmtls/Ohtfhn. Gm gstg chsl gs mgcgshril qug plmeh fhs cloiffhs, bg fl clmtrhril gf hrcìvl sg euhrbhrè clol rgb8.ubn.o (hrcìvl O bg OHRFHN). OHRFHN). H`lrh bgng gjgcuthr fh aumcióm ohslm.o bieithmbl: bieithmbl: == [y5,y8_?ohslm('rgb8.ubn',8,5) [y5,y8_?ohslm('rgb8.ubn',8,5)

H phrtir bg gstg pumtl sg gjgcuth fh aumcióm y gm fh vgmthmh bg clohmbls hphrgcg umh erhm chmtibhb bg imalrohcióm clol fh qug sg ougstrh h clmtimuhcióm: clmtimuhcióm: -- Mgtwlrk Mgt Aifg Sthrt Mlbg Stlp Mlbg

Imal -: rgb8.ubn : 8 : 5

----- Tht`s ----T8 : 8 > 7 88 T> : 8 > 1 5 9 88 - Lrbgr 8 Fllps F88 : > 3 F8> : > 1 5 2 F83 : 5 0 F82 : 84 - Lrbgr F>8 : > F>> : > F>3 : >

> 3 3 1

Fllps 5 0 84 5 2 84

F>2 : 5 0 84 - Lrbgr 3 Fllps F38 : > 3 5 0 84 R`g vhrihnfgs rgturmgb hrg strimes bgscrinime t`g muogrhtlr hmb Bgmloimhtlr la t`g trhmsagr gquhtilm. Ia ylu `hvg t`g syonlfic tllfnlx, usg Bgmloimhtlr?syo(Bgmloimhtlr) Bgmloimhtlr?syo(Bgmloimhtlr) hmb Muogrhtlr?syo(Muogrhtlr) tl ohkg t`gsg syonlfic gquhtilms. Ylu chm mlw usg siopfg(Muogrhtlr/Bgmloimhtlr) siopfg(Muogrhtlr/Bgmloimhtlr) tl nlif t`g w`lfg tìme blwm. Ylu clufb hfsl usg siopfg(Muogrhtlr) tl siopfiay t`g Muogrhtlr lm it' lwm. y5 ? 8*E8*E7*8*(8-(E3*-@>)+4-4)+8*E8*E> 8*E8*E7*8*(8-(E3* -@>)+4-4)+8*E8*E>*E3*E2*8*(8-4+4-4 *E3*E2*8*(8-4+4-4) )

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

88

y8 ? 8-(E8*-@8+E8*E>*E3*-@3+E3*-@>+-@2)+(E8*-@8*E3*-@>+E 8-(E8*-@8+E8*E>*E3*-@3+E3*-@>+-@2) +(E8*-@8*E3*-@>+E8*-@8*-@2+E8*E>*E 8*-@8*-@2+E8*E>*E3*-@3*3*-@3*@2+E3*-@>*-@2)-(E8*-@8*E3*-@>*-@2)

Yh sg tigmgm fls bhtls bg y5 g y8, h`lrh `hy qug gmshonfhr fh aumcióm clm fls sieuigmtgs clohmbls: == == == ==

syos E8 E> E3 E2 E7 @8 @> @3 @2 y5?syo(y5); y8?syo(y8); ^?y5/y8

^ ? (E8*E7*(E3*@> + 8) + E8*E>*E3*E2)/(@2 + E8*@8 + E3*@> + E8*@8*@2 + E3*@>*@2 + E8*E>*E3*@3 + E8*E3*@8*@> + E8*E>*E3*@3*@2 + E8*E3*@8*@>*@2 + 8)

Thrh qug fh aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih sg lnsgrvg bg umh ohmgrh oès ahoifihr sg utifizh gf sieuigmtg clohmbl clohmbl

== prgtty(^)

Gf rgsufthbl gs: gs: E8 E7 (E3 @> + 8) + E8 E> E3 E2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------@2 + E8 @8 + E3 @> + E8 @8 @2 + E3 @> @2 + E8 E> E3 @3 + E8 E3 @8 @> + E8 E> E3 @3 @2 + E8 E3 @8 @> @2 + 8

Qgriaiqug qug clrrgsplmbg clm fh prgbiccióm hf imicil bg gsth sgccióm. sgccióm.

SGPRH TH^RG: Fh trhmsalrohbh y Hmti trhmsalrohbh bg Fhpfhcg. Fh chjh bg `grrhoigmths bg ohtgoètich sionófich bg OHRFHN plsgg fh aumcióm fhpfhcg g ifhpfhcg phrh trhmsalrohr umh aumcióm gm gf tigopl hf bloimil bg fh argcugmcih clopfgjh y vicgvgrsh. vicgvgrsh. Gjgopfl: Gmclmtrhr fh rgspugsth gm gf tigopl bg fh sieuigmtg aumcióm bg trhmsagrgmcih cuhmbl h fh gmtrhbh sg prgsgmth umh sgøhf rhoph umithrih. umithrih.

E( s) ?

7s 3 s

2

+

+

9s 3

37s > +

+

>9s >

53s + 25 +

28s + >4

Slfucióm:   Slfucióm: == == == ==

syos s t E?(7*s]3+37*s]>+53*s+25)/(s]2+9*s E?(7*s]3+37*s]>+53*s+25)/(s]2+9*s]3+>9*s]>+28*s+>4 ]3+>9*s]>+28*s+>4); ); e?ifhpfhcg(E*8/s]>); e?ifhpfhcg(E*8/s]>); prgtty(e)

215 25 - --- + 8/20 gxp(-2 t) + >/3 gxp(-t) + -- t

8>

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

244

>4 + 2/>7 gxp(-> t) (3 cls(t) - 2 sim(t))

== gzpflt(e,[4,87_) gzpflt(e,[4,87_)

Gjgopfl:   Gjgopfl:

Gmcugmtrg fh trhmsalrohbh bg Fhpfhcg bg fh sieuigmtg aumcióm: aumcióm:

e (t ) ? (t  sim( ht )+g

∞

ht

)u (t )

Blmbg  h gs umh clmsthmtg rghf plsitivh. Blmbg plsitivh. Slfucióm:   Slfucióm: == == == ==

syos h t s e?t*sim(h*t)+gxp(-h*t); e?t*sim(h*t)+gxp(-h*t); E?fhpfhcg(e); prgtty(E)

s h > ---------- + > > > (s + h )

8 ----s + h

SÉTRIOH TH^RG: TH^RG: Sioufhcióm bg sistgohs bg clmtrlf hutloèticl gm SIOWFIMK: Bieitg gf clohmbl Sioufimk, gstg thrbhrè um tigopl gm chrehr. Sg hnrirè fh vgmthmh bgf nuschblr bg finrgrïhs bg Sioufimk qug sg ougstrh gm fh Aieurh 3.3.

Aieurh 3.3. Nuschblr bg Finrgrïhs Finrgrïhs bg Sioufimk. Bg cfic gm gf ogmú ‖Aifg‟, ‖mgw ‖y sgfgccilmg ‖Olbgf‟. ‖Olbgf‟.

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

83

Crgg gf sistgoh qug sg ougstrh gm fh Aieurh 3.2, hrrhstrhmbl fls gfgogmtls qug sg ougstrhm gm gf nuschblr bg finrgrïhs h fh vgmthmh bgf olbgfl. Gm fh Rhnfh 3.8 sg gmcugmtrhm fhs finrgrïhs blmbg gstèm fls gfgogmtls bgf sistgoh, phrh umir fls gfgogmtls `heh cfic gm fls clmgctlrgs qug tigmgm fls gfgogmtls, hrrhstrg gf curslr `hsth gf ltrl gfgogmtl h clmgcthr y fugel sugftg. sugftg.

Aieurh 3.2. Biherhoh bg nflqugs bg um sistgoh téroicl. téroicl. Mlth: Gm gf sistgoh bg fh Aieurh 3.2, gf oóbufl ‖Rrhmsagr Acm‟ rgprgsgmth um clmtrlfhblr prlplrcilmhf clm umh

ehmhmcih bggsgmth 4.7, gfhfoóbufl oó bufl ‖R ‖Rrhmsagr rhmsagr rgprgsgmth rgprgsgmth gf olbgfl olbg fl ohtgoèticl ohtgo bggfumvhflr `lrml, grgagr f oóbufl ‖R Acm>‟ rgprgsgmth rgpr trhmsbuctlr trh msbuctlr clm umh uAcm8‟ mh rrgfhcióm gfhcióm bg 4.8Q/Ć, 4.8Q/Ć, ‖Stgp‟ rgprgsgmth rgprèticl gsgmth bg gf rgagrgmcih gmcih ‖Rrhmsagr gmrhmsagr vlftils vlftils hpfichbl clm umh aumcióm gschfóm y ‖Stgp8‟ rgprgsgmth umh pgrturnhcióm; aimhfogmtg fls ‖Sclpgs‟ slm imstruogmtls imstruogmt ls phrh visuhfizhr fh rgspugsth rgspugsth bgf sistgoh, ‖Sclpg‟ ougstrh gf rrgsufthbl gsufthbl gm erhbls y ‖Sclpg8‟ gm vlftils. Rhnfh 3.8 3. 8 Finrgrïhs blmbg sg gmcugmtrhm gmcugmtrhm fls gfgogmtls bgf circuitl circuitl bg fh Aieurh 3.2.

Gfgogmtl

Finrgrïh bg Sioufimk

Rrhmsagr Acm Acm Stgp   Stgp Suo   Suo Sclpg   Sclpg

Clmtimulus Clmtimulus Slurcgs   Slurcgs Oht` Lpgrhtilms Lpgrhtilms Simks   Simks

Thrh qug gf suohblr bg fh rghfiogmthcióm qugbg clm uml bg fls siemls mgehtivl, bg blnfg cfic slnrg gstg y gm ‖Fist la siems‟ clflqug: |+- y phrh qug gf suohblr qug høhbg fh pgrturnhcióm qugbg imvgrtibl clol gm fh aieurh ougvh fh nhrrh h fh bgrgc`h hsï: ++| ++| Clmaieurg fls phrèogtrls bg fls gfgogmtls clol sg imbich h clmtimuhcióm (fl qug gstè gm phrémtgsis ml sg clflch slfl gs phrh rgagrgmcih bgf usuhril): usuhril):

‖Stgp‟:   ‖Stgp‟:

Rrhmsagr Acm: Acm: Muogrhtlr clgaaicig clgaaicigmts: mts: [4.7_ [4.7_   Bgmloimhtlr clgaaicigmts: [8_ [8_ Rrhmsagr Acm8: Acm8: Muogrhtlr clgaaicig clgaaicigmts: mts: [872.2_ [872.2_   Bgmloimhtl Bgmloimhtlrr clgaaicigmts: [29 82 8_ 8_   Rrhmsagr Acm>: Acm>: clgaaicigmts: mts: [4.8_ [4.8_   Muogrhtlr clgaaicig Bgmloimhtlr clgaaicigmts: [8_ [8_ •

Stgp Riog: 4 4 Imitihf Qhfug: 4 4 Aimhf Qhfug: 0.4 (vlftils) (vlftils)

•

• •

‖Stgp8‟:   ‖Stgp8‟:

•

•

•

Stgp Riog: 344 (sgeumbls) (sgeumbls) (erhbls) Imitihf Qhfug: 14 (erhbls) Aimhf Qhfug: 74 (erhbls) (erhbls)

• •

•

•

•

82

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

Chonig gf tigopl bg sioufhcióm h 274 sgeumbls clol sg ougstrh gm fh Aieurh 3.7

Aieurh 3.7. Rigopl bg sioufhcióm. Sioufg gf sistgoh, phrh gffl gffl bg cfic gm gf nltóm ‖ûm‟

, fugel `heh blnfg cfic gm fls gfgogmtls ‖Sclpg‟. Thrh vgr

ogjlr fhs erèaichs prgsilmg gf nltóm bg hutl gschfh gschfh qug tigmg fh sieuigmtg alroh bgngrè vgr gm ‖Sclpg‟ fh erèaich qug sg ougstrh gm fh Aieurh 3.1.

, si `h `gc`l tlbl clrrgcthogmtg

Aieurh 3.1. Erèaich bg ‖Sclpg‟. ‖Sclpg‟. ¼H qué vhflr sg gsthnifizó fh tgopgrhturh fugel bg hpfichr ‖Stgp‟ >-ohslm-o

81

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

@ljh bg cltgjl:

3

Euïh 3: Wsl bg OHRFHN gm fls Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl Tugstl Ml:

Hfuoml/h:

Blcgmtg:

EF:

Agc`h:

GQHFWHCIÓM % CLMLCIOIGMRL

>7

HTFICHCI HCI M BGF CLMLCIOIGMRL 54

HCRIRWB 7

RLRHF

844

0-84

7-5

8-2

Clmlcioigmtl clopfgtl gxpfichcióm cfhrh bg fls y prlcgbioigmtls:   prlcgbioigmtls:

Clmlcioigmtl y gxpfichcióm imclopfgth bg fls prlcgbioigmtls. prlcgbioigmtls.

-Imtrlbuccióm bg umh gcuhcióm gm OHRFHN. OHRFHN. -Clol erhaichr clm OHRFHN.   OHRFHN. -Clol sioufhr um sistgoh clm SIOWFIMK

-Imtrlbuccióm bg umh gcuhcióm gm OHRFHN. OHRFHN. -Clol erhaichr clm OHRFHN.   OHRFHN. -Clol sioufhr um sistgoh clm SIOWFIMK

Cuopfg clm fls sieuigmtgs critgrils:   critgrils:

Cuopfg clm uml bg fls critgrils.   critgrils.

-Imtrlbuccióm bg umh gcuhcióm gm OHRFHN. OHRFHN. -Clol erhaichr clm OHRFHN.   OHRFHN. -Clol sioufhr um sistgoh clm SIOWFIMK Ml cuopfg clm fls critgrils.   critgrils.

-^gsugfvg fhs erèaichs bg afujl bg sgøhfgs plr ogbil

-^gsugfvg fhs erèaichs bg afujl bg sgøhfgs plr

-^gsugfvg fhs erèaichs bg afujl bg sgøhfgs plr

bg fh rgefh bg Ohslm clm Ohtfhn.   Ohtfhn. -Sioufh sistgohs clm SIOWFIMK @hcg um ohmgjl rgsplmshnfg y hbgcuhbl bg fls rgcursls clmalrog h phuths bg sgeuribhb g ìeigmg.   ìeigmg.

ogbil bg fh rgefh bg Ohslm clm Ohtfhn. Ohtfhn. -Sioufh sistgohs clm SIOWFIMK

ogbil bg fh rgefh bg Ohslm clm Ohtfhn. Ohtfhn. -Sioufh sistgohs clm SIOWFIMK

@hcg um usl hbgcuhbl bg fls rgcursls, rgspgth fhs phuths bg sgeuribhb, pgrl gs bgslrbgmhbl.

Gs lrbgmhbl, pgrl ml `hcg um usl hbgcuhbl bg fls rgcursls.

Clmlcioigmtl bgaicigmtg bg fls sieuigmtgs prlcgbioigmtls:   prlcgbioigmtls:

Mlth

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf hutloèticl. Euïh 3

85

HMGPL.

Wsl bg fh aumcióm bg Ohtfhn ohslm.o (hrcìvl o). Gxpfichcióm: Gstg prlerhoh rgsugfvg fhs erèaichs bg afujl bg sgøhfgs phrh egmgrhr umh gcuhcióm sionófich gquivhfgmtg qug rgfhcilmh gf mlbl bg shfibh y gf mlbl bg gmtrhbh. Tlr gjgopfl:

@hy cuhtrl mlbls 8,>,3 y 2 y `hy cimcl clgaicigmtgs S 88, S>8, S8>, S>> y ^ >. Si clflchols gf mlbl 8 clol gf mlbl bg gmtrhbh imbgpgmbigmtg y gsclegols gf mlbl 3 clol um mlbl bgpgmbigmtg lntgmgols fh sieuigmtg siopfiaichcióm:

  ?    ∕  ∕     ∞∕ ∕  Si clflchols hf mlbl 8 clol gf mlbl bg gmtrhbh imbgpgmbigmtg y gf mlbl > clol gf mlbl bg shfibh bgpgmbigmtg lntgmgols:   lntgmgols:

 ? 8   ∕  Gstg prlerhoh egmgrh gsths gcuhcilmgs. gcuhcilmgs.

Gspgciaichmbl fh rgb. Sg ush um hrcìvl bgscriptlr phrh gspgciaichr fh tlplfleïh bgf biherhoh bg afujl, qug pugbg sgr crghbl gm cuhfquigr gbitlr bg tgxtl. H chbh mlbl sg fg hsiemh um múogrl y chbh rhoh sg bgaimg clol um múogrl clgaicigmtg. Chbh rhoh sg bgaimg clol umh fïmgh gm gf hrcìvl, bgscritl clol sieug: sieug: [# Clgaicigmtg_

[# Mlbl bg Imicil_

[# Mlbl Aimhf_

[Mlonrg bgf Clgaicigmtg_ Clgaicigmtg_

Fls múogrls bg fls clgaicigmtgs gsthr gm lrbgm. Tlr gjgopfl, phrh bgscrinir gf sieuigmtg biherhoh (blmbg gf múogrl bgf clgaicigmtg gstè gmtrg bgngm phrémtgsis): phrémtgsis):

Sistgohs bg Clmtrlf Hutloèticl. Euïh 3

80

Gf hrcìvl crghbl sgrïh clol gf sieuigmtg (blmbg fls gsphcils gm nfhmcl slm thnufhcilmgs, pgrl cuhfquigr gsphcil gm nfhmcl gs hcgpthnfg): hcgpthnfg):   8 > 3 2 7

8 2 2 8 >

> > 3 3 2

s>8   s>8 s>> s>> s8> s8> s88 s88 ^> ^>

Mlth: Gs ioplrthmtg qug fhs fhs fïmghs gm gf gf hrcìvl hrcìvl bg rgb rgb gstém gstém lrbgmhbhs lrbgmhbhs bg olbl qug fls múogrls múogrls bg fls clgaicigmtg clgaicigmtgss sg imcrgogmtgm imcrgogmtgm h phrtir bg 8. Ml usg 4 clol múogrl bg clgaicigmtg l mlbl. Gf mlonrg bgf clgaicigmtg clgaicigmtg pugbg sgr cuhfquigr gxprgsióm sionófich vèfibh. vèfibh . Si fh gxprgsióm gxprgsióm tigmg oúftipfgs téroimls, gffls bgngm gmcgrrhsg gmtrg phrémtgsis. Tlr gjgopfl: gjgopfl: (-B*z](-8)) ó (8+N)

Wshmbl gf prlerhoh Gf hrcìvl crghbl bgng euhrbhrsg clm cuhfquigr mlonrg y gxtgmsióm gm fh oisoh chrpgth blmbg sg tgmeh gf hrcìvl ohslm.o y fugel ffhohrsg bgsbg fh clmslfh bg OHRFHN gspgciaichmbl mlonrg bgf hrcìvl clm tlbl y gxtgmsióm, múogrl bgf mlbl bg imicil y múogrl bgf mlbl aimhf clol sg ougstrh gm gf sieuigmtg gjgopfl. gjgopfl.

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