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HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN. VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGB HJGBGHÀN GHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

FGOSJOMCG

. Motrgcuffmöo

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4. Fgosmcjrnfmgojs Ncmfmgonbjs

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8. Frmtjrmgs cj Jvnbunfmöo

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VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | 6

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

>. MOS[GCZFFMÖO Cj nfujrcg nb \nojb Motjrhukjron`jotnb cj Jxpjrtgs sgkrj jb Fn`kmg Fbm`îtmfg cj bn GOZ, ogs jofgotrn`gs jo uo `g`jotg cjfmsmvg pnrn ndrgotnr fgo íxmtg jb `nygr cjsndàg cj oujstrg tmj`pg9 jb fn`kmg fbm`îtmfg. Jbbg rjqumjrj rjqumjr j cj uo jsdujrzg cj tgcgs bgs hgkmjrogs quj cjotrg cjb `nrfg cjb Nfujrcg cj \nràs cjb nþg ;: cjkjo jstnkbjfjr sus fgotrmkufmgojs cjtjr`moncns n omvjb onfmgonb pnrn bghrnr uon rjcuffmöo cj bns j`msmgojs quj hjojrno jb jdjftg movjroncjrg fgo jb dmo cj fgotjojr jb nu`jotg cj bn tj`pjrntu tj`pjrnturn rn pgr cjknig cj bgs b gs ; hrncgs fjotàhrncgs pgr jofm`n cj bgs omvjbjs prjmocustrmnbjs nb tír`mog cj jstj smhbg. Cmfag jsdujrzg sj trncufj jo uo motjrís hjojrnbmzncg hjojrnbmzncg pgr jb usg cj amcröhjog fg`g fg`kustmkbj an hjojrncg hrno `gvm`mjotg jo cmvjrsgs sjftgrjs mocustrmnbjs. Jspjfàdmfn`jotj, jb sjftgr `mojrg an fg`jozncg n cjsnrrgbbnr,, jotrj gtrns momfmntmvns, prgyjftgs cj `gvmbmcnc y cj prgfjsgs tír`mfgs quj utmbmzno amcröhjog cjkmcg cjsnrrgbbnr n sus prgpmjcncjs jojrhítmfns y pgr bn oubn j`msmöo cj hnsjs cj jdjftg movjroncjrg curnotj su gpjrnfmöo. Jspjfmnb`jotj sj jstîo cjsnrrgbbnocg cmvjrsns moogvnfmgojs pnrn bn rjcuffmöo cj j`msmgojs cj hnsjs cj jdjftg movjroncjrg fg`g FG; jo bn `mojràn, jo cgocj jb usg cjb amcröhjog fg`g fg`kustmkbj y bns tjfogbghàns nsgfmncns ano cjstnfncg pgr su pgtjofmnb. Fgo jbbg, jo ntjofmöo quj n jstn djfan og sj an jstnkbjfmcg uon rjhubnfmöo jspjfàdmfn rjspjftg nb usg cjb Amcröhjog jo dnjons `mojrns, quj cjtnbbj bns fgocmfmgojs ojfjsnrmns pnrn su usg jo gpjrnfmgojs `mojrns, jb Vjrvmfmg Onfmgonb cj Hjgbghàn y @mojràn (jo ncjbnotj, VJ[ONHJG@MO) an cjfmcmcg pgojr n cmspgsmfmöo cjb jfgsmstj`nn `mojrg bn prjsjot jfgsmstj` prjsjotj j huàn pnrn prjsjotnr prgyjftgs pmbgtg y bn vnbmcnfmöo cj tjfogbghàns quj utmbmzno amcröhjog fg`g fg`kustmkbj jo dnjons `mojrns. Jb usg cjb A;  fg`g fg`kustmkbj jstî nftunb`jotj jo jtnpn cj prujkn, cjsnrrgbbg y cj`gstrnfmöo cjb smstj`n pmbgtg motjhrncg, pnrn jbm`monr g nb `jogs ntjounr bgs rmjshgs y prgkbj`ns quj pucmjrno surhmr jo su m`pbj`jotnfmöo, quj sgo ojfjsnrmgs pnrn jsfnbnr n uo usg `nsmvg y pjr`nojotj cj cmfan tjfogbghàn. Vj jotmjocj fg`g uon prujkn cj tjfogbghàn quj utmbmzn amcröhjog fg`g fg`kustmkbj, n nqujbbgs prgyjftgs pnrn bgs funbjs nùo og sjjoan rjhubnfmöo onfmgonb jspjfàdmfn y sj cjkjo ncgptnr gtrns ogr`ns, föcmhgs g prîftmfns bn cjsnrrgbbncg jvnbunfmöo cjuon jstgs. Jb dmo cj jstn huàn js jstnkbjfjr uo `nrfg cj nffmöo notj VJ[ONHJG@MO, fg`g grhnoms`g dmsfnbmzncgr jo `ntjrmn cj sjhurmcnc `mojrn, pnrn quj bns j`prjsns `mojrns utmbmfjo sus dnjons `mojrns pnrn cnr fnkmcn nb cjsnrrgbbg cj bn tjfogbghàn pnrn jb usg cj jstj fg`kustmkbj bm`pmg cj `gcg sjhurg jo dnjons `mojrns. Ncj`îs, bn m`pbj`jotnfmöo cj jstn huàn bj pjr`mtmrî ncqumrmr jb eogw agw  ojfjsnrmg  ojfjsnrmg pnrn cjsnrrgbbnr cj `jigr `gcg bn rjhubnfmöo `îs niustncn n jstn tjfogbghàn, pnrn dnvgrjfjr su usg pjrg cj uo `gcg sjhurg. Bg notjrmgr, pnrn jdjftgs cj nsjhurnr jb fu`pbm`mjotg cjb Cjfrjtg Vuprj`g O¼>6;, cj ;. Jb rjfn`kmg cj tnoqujs cj A; ;. Jb usg cj A; fg`g fg`kustmkbj jo jqumpgs `övmbjs cj usg tnotg jo `mojràn suktjrrîojn fg`g cj rnig 6. Jb `notjom`mjotg cj jstgs jqumpgs jo jb tnbbjr cj `notjom`mjotg cj bn `mon y sus fumcncgs jo jb jstnfmgon`mjotg jstnfmgon`mjot g cj bgs `ms`gs jqumpgs. Bn dmhurn `ujstrn bns îrjns cj fumcncg y bgs b gs fn`pgs cj nffmöo cj fncn sjrvmfmg.

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | 8

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Vj anfj prjsjotj quj jstn jstj mostru`jotg js uon grmjotnfmöo g huàn, y kusfn dnfmbmtnr bn jotrjhn cj notjfjcjot notjfjcjotjs js  y su rjvmsmöo y jvnbunfmöo nc`momstrntmvn nc`momstrntmvn pgr pnrtj cjb cjb Vjrvmfmg. Vmo j`knrhg, sus fgotjomcgs fgotjomcgs og sgo om pujcjo sjr fgosmcjrncgs fg`g gkbmhntgrmgs g ogr`ntmvgs.

3. HBGVN[MG CJ FGOFJ\SGV Cjkmcg n quj jstn huàn trntn cj fgofjptgs y prgfjsgs gpjrnfmgonbjs cgocj bgs tír`mogs jspjfàdmfgs n `joucg vnràno sjhùo bns rjdjrjofmns, jstn bmstn mcjotmdmfn tír`mogs quj bn huàn npbmfn pnrn cjsfrmkmr jstgs fgofjptgs y jxpbmfnr tír`mogs quj n `joucg sj usno mocmstmotn`jotj. mocmstmotn`jotj. Bns cjdmomfmgojs fgrrjspgocjo nb bjohunij utmbmzncg jo bgs jstîocnrjs cj sjhurmcnc, ogr`ntmvns y cgfu`jotgs cj grhnoms`gs fgo jxpjrmjofmn jo amcröhjog utmbmzncgs jo jstn huàn y bmstncgs jo jb npnrtncg cj rjdjrjofmns.

OG@JOFBNSZ[N OD\N

Ontmgonb Dmrj \rgtjftmgo Nssgfmntmgo

MVG

D@JN N\[ [FN BGAF

Motjrontmgonb Grhnomzntmgo dgr Vtnocnrcmzntmgo Cjfrjtg suprj`g Vupjrmotjocjofmn cj Jbjftrmfmcnc y Fg`kustmkbjs. Dnmburj @gcj noc Jddjfts Nonbysms Noîbmsms prjbm`monr cj rmjshgs [jsgbufmöo cj fnbmdmfnfmöo n`kmjotnb Bmqumc grhnomf aycrghjo Fnrrmjr

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Fbnsmdmfnfmöo cj \jbmhr \jbmhrg g

BG\ BG \

Bnyjr gd \rgtjftm \rgtjftmgo go

CV VJF

VJ[ONHJG@MO Vjrvmfmg Onfmgonb cj Hjgbghàn y @mojràn Noîbmsms Duofmgonb cj Gpjrntmvmcnc ANYG\/NDG BA; HA;

Amcröhjog bàqumcg Amcröhjog hnsjgsg

FA\ \@\ A; [V@

Fg`kmojc ajnt noc pgwjr Fg`kmojc \bno `nonhj`jot \rgijft Amcröhjog [jhbn`jotg cj Vjhurmcnc @mojrn

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Mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrgs y jvnbunfmöo cj rmjshgs

SÍ[@MOGV dujotj cj cnþg. Js pgsmkbj fbnsmdmfnrbg jo knsj nb grmhjo quj pujcj prgcufmr cmfag cnþg \jbmhrg9 \gtjofmnb dujotj jo9 \jbmhrg `ntjrmnb modbn`nkbj, pjbmhrg `ntjrmnb töxmfg, jtf.

[mjshg9 [jsubtncg cjb cnþg prgcufmcg pgr uo nffmcjotj pgtjofmnb y su prgknkmbmcnc cj gfurrjofmn.  Fmrfuostnofmnn og motjofmgoncn, fgo uo fbnrg rmjshg nb pjrsgonb g mostnbnfmgojs y quj rjqumjr rjqumjrjo jo J`jrhjofmn9  Fmrfuostnofm rjspujstn mo`jcmntn. sustjotncn cj uon `jzfbn hnsjgsn quj bmkjrn fnbgr y prgcuft prgcuftgs gs cj fg`kustmöo Jxpbgsmöo9 Fg`kustmöo nutg sustjotncn fnbmjotjs. VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | 1

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Cjdbnhrnfmöo9  \rgfjsg cj fg`kustmöo jo jb quj uon dbn`n g uon rjnffmöo quà`mfn nvnozn n trnvís cj uo `jcmg g `jzfbn modbn`nkbj n uon vjbgfmcnc `jogr n bn vjbgfmcnc cjb sgomcg jo bn `jzfbn smo fg`kustmgonr. fg`kustmgonr. Ogtn>9 Cjdbnhrnfmöo rîpmcn jstî fnrnftjrmzncn pgr vjbgfmcncjs cj fmjotgs cj `jtrgs pgr sjhuocg, y sus jdjftgs og sj cmdjrjofmno `nygr`jotj cj uon cjtgonfmöo. fnrnftjrmzncns pgr vjbgfmcncjs cj vnrmgs `jtrgs pgr Ogtn;9 Gocns cj cjdbnhrnfmöo bn`monrjs jstîo fnrnftjrmzncns sjhuocgs y og fnusno `nygrjs nbzns cj prjsmöo jo jb n`kmjotj.

Cjtgonfmöo9 \rgfjsg cj fg`kustmöo fnrnftjrmzncg pgr uo fagquj fgotrgbncg quj rjsubtn jo uo djoö`jog cj fg`kustmöo quj sj prgpnhn `îs rîpmcg quj jb sgomcg.  Zon cjtgonfmöo js uon jxpbgsmöo, pjrg uon jxpbgsmöo og js uon cjtgonfmöo. Ogtn>9   Ogtn;9  Bn jojrhàn tír`mfn cj bn rjnffmöo sustjotn bn gocn cj fagquj y jstn gocn fg`prm`j jb `ntjrmnb og rjnftnotj, prgcufmjocg prgcufmjocg bns nbtns tj`pjrnturns ojfjsnrmns pnrn momfmnr bn rjnffmöo.

Fg`kustmöo9   [jnffmöo jo bn funb uon sustnofmn modbn`nkbj js gxmcncn, prgcufmjocg uo hns prgcuftg fnbmjotj, fnbgr, fnbgr, rncmnfmöo, y pgsmkbjs gocns cj prjsmöo. Modbn`nkmbmcnc9 Hrncg jo jb funb uo `ntjrmnb g sustnofmn pujcj jotrnr jo mhomfmöo jo uon nt`ösdjrn gxmcncn, js cjfmr, fgo prjsjofmn cj gxàhjog. \rujkn \mbgtg9 Js bn cmspgsmfmöo cj uo jsfjonrmg rjnb cj prujkns cjb duofmgon`mjotg duofmgon`mjotg cj smstj`ns fgo usg cj amcröhjog.

OMTJBJV CJ FBNVMDMFNFMÖO JO \[G]JFSG \mbgtg9 \rujkn cj uo prgcuftg quj tmjoj bns fnrnftjràstmfns tífomfns y cj duofmgon`mjotg cjb prgcuftg dmonb. Vmrvj cj `gcjbg pnrn tjstjnr su fg`pgrtn`mjotg gpjrnfmgonb y duofmgonb knig fgocmfmgojs rjnbjs jo uon `ujstrn rjprjsjotntmvn n jsfnbn `nsmvn, y kusfnr bn nfjptnfmöo cj sus ntrmkutgs pgr pnrtj cj bgs usunrmgs. Jxmstj uo fmfbg cj rjtrgnbm` rjtrgnbm`jotnfmöo jotnfmöo pnrn jvnbunrbgs sm og sgo sntmsdnft sntmsdnftgrmgs. grmgs. Vmstj`n cj amcröhjog9  Zon fg`kmonfmöo cj jbj`jotgs, suksmstj`ns, fg`pgojotjs y jqumpgs quj motjhrncgs pjr`mtjo fu`pbmr (anrcwnrj, uo gkijtmvg gpjrnfmgonb nsgfmncg n tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog. Bgs jbj`jotgs mofbuyjo prgcuftgs sgdtwnrj, dmr`wnrj), prgfjsgs, pjrsgons, modgr`nfmöo, tífomfns, mostnbnfmgojs, sjrvmfmgs y tgcg gtrg jbj`jotg cj npgyg (MVG/MJF/MJJJ >:;11).

Vuksmstj`ns9  Zo fgoiuotg cj jbj`jotgs g fg`pgojotjs quj pjr`mtjo fu`pbmr uon duofmöo cjtjr`moncn  y quj dgr`no dgr`no pnrtj pnrtj cj uo smstj`n smstj`n cj tjfogbghàns tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog. amcröhjog. Fg`pgojotj9 Fgoiuotg cj pnrtjs g pnrtjs, quj pjr`mtj quj uo suksmstj`n cj tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog fu`pbn fgo su duofmöo. Jqumpg cj amcröhjog9 Jqumpg jstnfmgonrmg g `övmb g vjaàfubg quj fgosu`j amcröhjog pnrn fu`pbmr fgo bn `msmöo pnrn bn funb duj cmsjþncg. motjrnftunotjs quj trnosdgr`n uo mosu`g (moput) jo \rgfjsg9 Zo hrupg cj nftmvmcncjs motjrrjbnfmgoncns g motjrnftunotjs uo prgcuftg (gutput) (MVG =.

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\rgpujstn cj prgyjftg

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Grhnomznfmöo y [gbjs fbnvj

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Frgoghrn`n cj trnknig

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CJVF[M\FMÖO

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\rgfjsg cj m`pbj`jotnfmöo

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Zkmfnfmöo y nffjsgs

Cjtnbbnr cmdjrjotjs dnsjs cj bn prujkn, jo fn`pg nkmjrtg g cj cmsjþg pnrtmfubnr, fgosmcjrnocg bn hrncunbmcnc cj bn m`pbj`jotnfmöo y quj rjprjsjotj uo jsfnbn`mjotg pnrn pgstjrmgr usg jo `mon rjnb. Cjsfrmkmr bn ukmfnfmöo cgocj sj bbjvnrî n fnkg bn m`pbj`jotnfmöo mocmfnocg, `jofmgonocg fmucncjs cj rjdjrjofmn y sus fggrcjoncns sjhùo smstj`n XHV13. Nciuotnocg pbnogs y `gstrnocg su rjbnfmöo fgo jb rjstg cj bn gpjrnfmöo, cjtnbbj cj rutn g rutns cj nffjsg nb smtmg cgocj sj m`pbj`jotnrî bn tjfogbghàn, omvjbjs cj sjhurmcnc, sjþnbítmfn kbnocn y curn, jtf. Dmonb`jotj, jo jstj puotg js rjbjvnotj quj jb prgpgojotj cjsfrmkn funbqumjr fgocmfmöo fbm`îtmfn quj m`pbmquj uo `nygr rmjshg cj sjhurmcnc jo bn gpjrnfmöo cjb pmbgtnij. \gr jij`pbg, `mojràn cj nbtn `gotnþn g cj `nr.

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Vj anfj prjsjotj quj bn VJF jstî jbnkgrnocg uo prgtgfgbg g ogr`n cj fjrtmdmfnfmöo cj jstj tmpg cj mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs. Funocg sjn nprgkncg y cmduocmcg, sj jspjrn quj bns mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs sjno sg`jtmcns n jstj smstj`n. VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >>

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

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Gkijtmvg Hjojrnb y jspjfàdmfgs Cmsjþg cj jxpjrm`jotg y vnbmcnfmöo

@gstrnr n uon jsfnbn rjcufmcn bn motjrnffmöo cj bgs jqumpgs quj fgosu`jo A; jo uon m`pbj`jotnfmöo cj `ncurjz gpjrntmvn quj pjr`mtn tjstjnr su fg`pgrtn`mjotg gpjrnfmgonb y duofmgonb jo uon `ujstrn rjprjsjotntmvn, y kusfnr bn nfjptnfmöo cj sus ntrmkutgs cj sjhurmcnc pgr pnrtj cj bgs usunrmgs.

[jsubtncg [jsubtncgs s jspjrncgs cj bns nftmvmcncjs

Mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj E\M cj nfujrcg fgo bgs gkijtmvgs.

CGFZ@JOSG O¼; ‖ SJFOGBGHÀN ] DZOFMGONBMCNC CJB VMVSJ@N O¹

CGFZ@JOSG

CJVF[M\FMÖO Cjsfrmpfmöo cjtnbbncn cj bn tjfogbghàn, fgosmcjrnocg su jstrntjhmn cj duofmgon`mjotg (Dmbgsgdàn cj gpjrnfmöo). Vj cjkj prjsjotnr uo cmnhrn`n cjsfrmptmvg cjb prgfjsg hjojrnb y cj nqujbbgs jspjfàdmfgs. Jo fnsg cj jxmstmr cmdjrjotjs prgfjsgs sj cjkjrî rjnbmznr uo

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Fg`pgsmfmöo y jqumpn`mjotg jqumpn`mjot g cjb smstj`n cj amcröhjog

Mostnbnfmgojs cjotrg cjb îrjn cj gpjrnfmöo cj smstj`ns cj amcröhjog Cmnhrn`ns cj dbuig cj Vmstj`ns cj sjhurmcnc y smstj`ns cj fgotrgb

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[jcuocnofmn cjb smstj`n

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Omvjb cj motjhrmcnc cj sjhurmcnc

cmnhrn`n cjb prgfjsg hjojrnb y uog pnrn fncn prgfjsg pnrtmfubnr g jspjfàdmfg. Bgs cmnhrn`ns cj prgfjsgs cjb î`kmtg cj nffmöo cjb Vjronhjg`mo sj pujcjo rjsu`mr jo9 • Cmnhrn`n cj prgfjsgs cj jqumpgs `övmbjs • Cmnhrn`n cj prgfjsgs cj jstnfmgon`mjotg y pntmgs cj jstnfmgon`mjotg cj jqumpgs `övmbjs • Cmnhrn`n cj prgfjsgs jo tnbbjrjs cj `notjom`mjotg cj jqumpgs `övmbjs Jo bgs cmnhrn`ns cj prgfjsgs quj sj prjsjotjo, sj cjkjrîo `jofmgonr bns ogr`ns cj sjhurmcnc tífomfns quj npbmqujo y quj sgo suhjrmcns jo Nojxg C. Ncj`îs, sj cjkjrîo cjsfrmkmr bns prgcuffmgojs g fgosu`gs cj jbjftrmfmcnc jo jb prgfjsg, rjsu`jo cjb tn`nþg y tmpg cj uomcncjs quj sj cjspbjhnrîo jo bn gpjrnfmöo `mojrn prgpujstn. Jo fnsg cj [jtrgdmttmoh, sj cjkj jspjfmdmfnr bns nftmvmcncjs ojfjsnrmns pnrn jb rjtrgdmttmoh quj jxpgohno bn sjhurmcnc cjb pjrsgonb y/g bns mostnbnfmgojs `mojrns.

Cjtnbbnr y cjsfrmkmr bns mostnbnfmgojs fgo tgcgs bgs smstj`ns y suksmstj`ns pnrtàfmpjs cjb prgfjsg cj fgosu`g cj A; jo jqumpgs `övmbjs y `notjom`mjotg cj jqumpgs cj amcröhjog cjb prgyjftg prjsjotncg. Vj cjkj nsjhurnr fgajrjofmn jotrj bn modgr`nfmöo prjsjotncn y jb pbnog cjb prgfjsg. Jxpbmfnr bgs rjspnbcgs cjb smstj`n. Motjrgpjrnkmbmcnc (vnrmgs prgvjjcgrjs) cj smstj`ns y cjtnbbj cj motjrnffmöo quj tjocrîo jotrj jbbgs (omvjbjs cj sjhurmcnc).

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >;

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Vjþnbnr bns ogr`ntmvns tífomfns y jstîocnrjs cj sjhurmcnc onfmgonbjs g motjronfmgonbjs quj sj utmbmznrîo jo jb cmsjþg, bn npbmfnfmöo, bn gpjrnfmöo y fmjrrj cjb prgyjftg prjsjotncg. Fg`g grmjotnfmöo pnrn bgs prgpgojotjs, jo Nojxg C, sj gdrjfj fg`g suhjrjofmn uo bmstncg cj ogr`ntmvns tífomfns pnrn bns cmdjrjotjs jtnpns cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr cjb amcröhjog. Ncj`îs, sj pujcj mofbumr modgr`nfmöo

;.4

Fu`pbm`mjotg cj jstîocnrjs onfmgonbjs/ motjronfmgonbjs

;.8

Bm`mtnfmgojs cj cjb sm smstj`n

tífomfn cj prgyjftgs sm`mbnrjs n `gcg cj fgrrgkgrnr jxpjrmjofmn jo jb cjsnrrgbbg cj prgyjftgs cj amcröhjog. Jo jspjfàdmfg sj pmcj quj bg cjsfrmtg rjspgocn bns smhumjotjs prjhuotns9 ·\gr quí bn jbjffmöo cj jsgs jstîocnrjs7 ·Fö`g vno n fu`pbmrsj7 Bn rjspujstn n bns prjhuotns notjrmgrjs pjr`mtmrî fg`pbjtnr bn `ntrmz cj fgosmcjrnfmgojs ogr`ntmvns quj sj sjþnbn jo jb Nojxg J. Bns ogr`ns g jstîocnrjs tífomfgs mofgrpgrncgs jo bn `ntrmz cj fgosmcjrnfmgojs ogr`ntmvns (fgotjomcg rjbjvnotj y npbmfnfmöo) cjb prgyjftg cjkjo jstnr jo jspnþgb. Bjvnotn`mjotg cj bns bm`mtnfmgojs jspjfmdmfncns pgr jb prgvjjcgr cj jb g bgs jqumpgs.

CGFZ@JOSG O¼6 ‖ \BNO HJOJ[NB CJ VJHZ[MCNC ] FGOS[GB CJ J^ZM\GV O¹

6.>

6 .;

6.6 6.3

6.:

CGFZ@JOSG

Jstrntjhmn cj hjstmöo cj rmjshgs

Fnpns cj prgtjffmöo

Fîbfubg cjb Frmtjrmg cj Fbnsmdmfnfmöo cj \jbmhr \jbmhrg g (FF\) @ntrmz cj rmjshgs fgovjofmgonb M\J[ Fg`pjtjofmns cjb jqumpg cj m`pbj`jotnfmöo

CJVF[M\FMÖO (og tgcgs bgs àtj`s tmjojo uon cjsfrmpfmöo) Vj rjqumjrj uon jstrntjhmn cj hjstmöo cj rmjshgs quj fgosmcjrj jotrj gtrgs9 uon `ntrmz cj rmjshgs fg`pbjtn, noîbmsms cj fnpns cj prgtjffmöo y sjhurmcnc, noîbmsms cj sjhurmcnc duofmgonb, hjstmöo cjb fn`kmg, prgfjcm`mjotgs cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo y ogtmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrgs pnrn bgs j`pbjncgs, mospjffmgojs cjb buhnr cj trnknig, `gomtgrjg cjb n`kmjotj cj trnknig, movjstmhnfmgojs cj mofmcjotjs y nbjrtns cj sjhurmcnc cjb rjhubncgr. Mofbuyjocg uon cjfbnrnfmöo cjb fg`prg`msg cj bn j`prjsn fgo bn sjhurmcnc y jb prgfjsg cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo, hjstmöo y jvnbunfmöo cj rmjshgs. Ogtn9 Bn dnsj cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj rmjshgs js jb pnsg `îs m`pgrtnotj jo jb prgfjsg, sm og sj mcjotmdmfn uo rmjshg, jb prgfjsg cj hjstmöo cj rmjshgs js fmjhg n jsj rmjshg. \rjsjotnr uo noîbmsms cj fnpns cj prgtjffmöo (BG\, pgr sus smhbns jo mohbís) pnrn bgs rmjshgs prmofmpnbjs, cjsfrmkmjocg quí fnpns cj prgtjffmöo sj tmjojo fgosmcjrncns cj `nojrn cj prjvjomr bgs m`pnftgs. Cjotrg cj bns fnpns sj mofbuyjo mofbuy jo ajrrn`mjotns cj cmsjþg cj prgfjsg y fgotrgb, mostru`jotgs cj sjhurmcnc y nbnr`ns, jotrj gtrgs. Vj suhmjrj mofbumr : fnpns cj sjhurmcnc. Vj cjkj cjsfrmkmr bn `jtgcgbghàn utmbmzncn y prjsjotnr jb cjsnrrgbbg cj bns `j`grmns cj fîbfubg utmbmzncns pnrn bghrnr bn jstm`nfmöo cjb omvjb cj pjbmhrg cjb prgyjftg. Cjsfrmkmr cj `nojrn prjfmsn cj quí sj trntn y jvmtnr jb usg cj nkrjvmnfmgojs pnrn fncn uon cj bns gpjrnfmgojs uomtnrmns y pbno cj fgotrgb cj motgbjrnkbjs. Vj cjkj rjspnbcnr bns fg`pjtjofmns cj tgcg jb pjrsgonb nsmhoncg, tnotg hjrjofmnb, supjrvmsgrjs, gpjrncgrjs, fgotrgbncgrjs, jtf. Cj`gstrnocg bn dgr`nfmöo, jxpjrmjofmn, ankmbmcncjs y fgogfm`mjotg ojfjsnrmgs pgr pnrtj cjb jqumpg cj trnknig. VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >6

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

6.4 6.8

\rjsjotnfmöo cjb prghrn`n pnrn nsjhurnr quj tgcg jb pjrsgonb ndjftncg pgr bn m`pbj`jotnfmöo cj bn tjfogbghàn sjn fgosubtncg, jotrjoncg, supjrvmsncg y/g humncg sjhùo sjn ojfjsnrmg. @jcmgs cj movjstmhnfmöo cj dnbbns

Jotrjon`mjotg y supjrvmsmöo

CGFZ@JOSG O¼3 ‖ FG@MVMGON@MJOSG, @NOSJOM@MJOSG J MOV\JFFMGOJV O¹

CGFZ@JOSG

3.>

\rgfjsg cj Fg`msmgon`mjotg

3.;

\bno cj `notjom`mjot `notjom`mjotg gj mospjffmöo cj bgs jqumpgs quj utmbmzno amcröhjog.

3.6

@notjom`mjot @notjom`mjotg gj mospjffmöo cj jqumpgs nuxmbmnrjs

3.3

@notjom`mjotg j @notjom`mjotg mospjffmöo smstj`n cj fgotrgb

CJVF[M\FMÖO (og tgcgs bgs àtj`s tmjojo uon cjsfrmpfmöo) Cjtnbbnr y cjsfrmkmr bgs jqumpgs `nounbjs y sus omvjbjs cj nutgog`àn, duofmgonbmcncjs.

Fgoiuotg y cjsfrmpfmöo cj tnrjns n bgs jqumpgs fgo jb dmo cj fu`pbmr jvmtnr Fgoiuotg dnbbns y nffmcjotjs, smo pgojr jo rmjshg bn sjhurmcnc cj bns pjrsgons.

CGFZ@JOSG O¼: ‖ N\ÍOCMFJV O¹

CGFZ@JOSG Npíocmfj N Npíocmfj K Npíocmfj F Npíocmfj C Npíocmfj J

CJVF[M\FMÖO \bnogs Cjtnbbj cj jvnbunfmöo cj rmjshgs \bno cj rjspujstn n j`jrhjofmns \rgtgfgbgs cj mospjffmöo \rgtgfgbg cj prujkns

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >3

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

4. FGOVMCJ[NFMGOJV NCMFMGONBJV

O¹

CJVF[M\FMÖO Amcröhjog, fncjon cj vnbgr9 Jo jstn sjffmöo sj vjrîo bgs prmofmpnbjs smstj`ns quj fg`pgojo bns jtnpns cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr cjb amcröhjog jodgfncn jo bn mocustrmn `mojrn. Vj rjfg`jocnrî uon dgr`n cj fbnsmdmfnfmöo fbnsmdmfn fmöo pnrn bgs cmdjrjotjs tmpgs cj prgyjftgs cj amcröhjog y dmonb`jotj, sj vjrîo bgs prmofmpnbjs jsfjonrmgs cj gpjrnfmöo prjvmstgs cj prgyjftg cj pmbgtnij cj tjfogbghàns quj usno amcröhjog fg`g fg`kustmkbj jo bn `mojràn. Fncjon cj Tnbgr y Fg`pgoj Fg`pgojotjs otjs cjb smstj`n cj amcröhjog pnrn `mojràn Bgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog sgo fbnsmdmfncgs jo knsj n bn b n duofmöo quj jstgs cjsnrrgbbno n bg bnrhg bn rhg cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr cjb amcröhjog. Bn fncjon cj vnbgr fgostn cj fmofg prmofmpnbjs jtnpns, fg`g sj `ujstrn jo dmhurn >, y vn cjscj smstj`ns cj prgcuffmöo cj A; anstn jb fgosu`mcgr g npbmfnfmöo dmonb cj A; g sus cjrmvncgs. ([jd :)

Dmhurn >9 Fncjon cj vnbgr cjb A; cj rjdjrjofmn.

>. \rgcuffmöo Js bn jtnpn jo cgocj jstîo bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs, mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs ojfjsnrmgs pnrn bn hjojrnfmöo cj amcröhjog y su trnosdjrjofmn n uon smhumjotj jtnpn. > ;. Nfgocmfmgon`mjotg U>P Js bn jtnpn jo bn funb jb amcröhjog sudrj uo fn`kmg dàsmfg g quà`mfg ojfjsnrmg pnrn nb`nfjonrbg, trnospgrtnrbg g fgosu`mrbg. Vj fgosmcjrn fg`g uon jtnpn motjr`jcmn. 6. Nb`nfjon`mjotg Js bn jtnpn cgocj sj hunrcn jb amcröhjog jo funbqumjr jstncg y pgr funbqumjr pjrmgcg cjpjocmjocg cjb tmpg cj prgyjftg. Mofbuyj bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs, mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs jqumpgs ojfjsnrmgs pnrn rjfmkmr y hunrcnr hunrcnr fnotmcncjs cjtjr`moncns y cjspnfanr jo bgs `g`jotgs y fnotmcncjs rjqujrmcgs. 3. Srnospgrtj Srnospgrtj y Cmstrmkufmöo Js bn jtnpn quj fgosmcjrn bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs, mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs ojfjsnrmgs pnrn bbjvnr jb amcröhjog cjscj cgocj sj prgcufj/nfgocmfmgon/nb`nfjon anstn jb momfmg cj gtrn jtnpn cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr cgocj sj rjqumjrn. Jstn jtnpn jxfbuyj jb cmspjosncg cj amcröhjog. :. Zsg dmonb g Fgosu`g Js bn jtnpn dmonb cj bn fncjon y fgosmcjrn bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs, mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs ojfjsnrmgs pnrn fgovjrtmr jb amcröhjog jo dgr`ns cj jojrhànpùkbmfg tír`mfn, `jfîomfn g jbíftrmfn, prgcuftgs cj cjrmvncgs pnrncjscj usg jojrhítmfg. Jstn jtnpn mofbuyj jb cmspjosncg g prmvncg y fg`mjozn fgog jo jb trnospgrtj amcröhjog jb smstj`n cj cmspjosncg cgocj sj fgojftn bn tgkjrn fgo jb jqumpg `övmb y tjr`mon funocg bn `gbífubn cj amcröhjog js utmbmzncn y trnosdgr`ncn quà`mfn`jotj. VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >:

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Bns jtnpns cj nfgocmfmgon`mjotg, nb`nfjon`mjotg y trnospgrtj y cmstrmkufmöo jo bn fncjon cj vnbgr pujcjo tjojr cmdjrjotjs cjstmogs, og ojfjsnrmn`jotj fgotmounr anfmn fgosu`g, cjpjocmjocg cj bns ojfjsmcncjs cj fncn prgyjftg. N `gcg cj jij`pbg, pujcj jxmstmr jb fnsg jo cgocj sj prgcuzfn jb amcröhjog y sj fgosu`n cjotrg cj bn `ms`n mostnbnfmöo g quj sj ojfjsmtj nfgocmfmgonr `îs cj uon vjz jb amcröhjog curnotj jb prgfjsg notjs cj su usg dmonb. U>P Jo ogr`n MVG >:=>4 og sj pbnotjn jstn jtnpn. Îrjns cj trnknig prjvmstns jo @mojràn Jo jb fgotjxtg cj bn `mojràn, y fg`g sj `ujstrn jo bn dmhurn ;, bns jtnpns cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr sj fg`pgojo cj trjs hrnocjs îrjns.

Dmhurn ;9 Fg`pgojotjs y dbuigs jo smstj`ns `mojrgs quj usjo amcröhjog

;

>. Mostnbnfmgojs cj su`momstrg su`momstrg99 Jo jstn fntjhgràn sj jofujotrno bns jtnpns cj prgcuffmöo, nb`nfjon`mjotg, nfgocmfmgon`mjotg y cmstrmkufmöo cj amcröhjog bns funbjs sjrîo fgodmhurncns y cmsjþncns jo duofmöo cj bgs jqumpgs cj gpjrnfmöo nb funb vnyn cmrmhmcg jb su`momstrg, dmhurn gkijtmvg prmofmpnb cj jstn js su`momstrnr jb amcröhjog cj dgr`n sjhurn, bm`pmn yvínsj fgotmoun cj >. tnbJb`gcg cj og motjrru`pmr bgsmostnbnfmöo fmfbgs cj gpjrnfmöo. Jb örhnog jofnrhncg cj rjvmsnr y nutgrmznr jstgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog js bn VJF, fgo bn jxfjpfmöo cjb smstj`n cj rjfn`kmg cj tnoqujs cj A; jb funb js rjnbmzncg jo bns mostnbnfmgojs cj `notjofmöo y quj js pnrtj cj bn bàojn cj nffmöo cj VJ[ONHJG@MO. \nrn `îs cjtnbbj cj bgs tmpgs cj smstj`ns pnrn fncn uon cj bns jtnpns cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr vínsj Nojxg N.

;. Jqumpgs cj gpjrnfmöo9 Jo jstn fntjhgràn sj jofujotrn bn jtnpn cj fgosu`g g usg dmonb cjb amcröhjog. Jb gkijtmvg prmofmpnb js rjnbmznr nbhùo tmpg cj trnknig cjotrg cjb prgfjsg `mojrg pgr `jcmg cj bn jojrhàn su`momstrncn pgr jb amcröhjog. Cjotrg cj bgs jqumpgs cj gpjrnfmöo sj jofujotrno cgs fbnsmdmfnfmgojs9   Jqumpg `övmb9 [jprjsjotn funbqumjr jqumpg utmbmzncg jo bn `mojràn quj fgosu`j amcröhjog cmrjftn`jotj `jcmnotj su fg`kustmöo. g jo uon `jzfbn cj jstj fgo gtrg fg`kustmkbj. g mocmrjftn`jotj n trnvís cj jbjftrmfmcnc prgcufmcn pgr amcröhjog, y tmjoj bn fnpnfmcnc cj cjspbnznrsj pnrn duofmgonr jo cmstmotns ukmfnfmgojs, fg`g nsà tn`kmío funbqumjr vjaàfubg quj fgotmjoj amcröhjog `mjotrns rjnbmzn su cjspbnzn`mjotg. Jstgs pujcjo sjr j`pbjncgs pnrn gpjrnr jo `mons suktjrrîojns g `mons n rnig, ncj`îs cj utmbmznrsj jo fnrrjtjrn g dujrn cj jbbn. Jb grhnoms`g jofnrhncg cj rjvmsnr y nutgrmznr bns prujkns pmbgtg VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >4

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

jo jstgs jqumpgs js Vjronhjg`mo. Nbhuogs jij`pbgs cj jqumpgs `övmbjs jo `mojràn pnrn trnospgrtj jo fnrrjtjrn sgo9 fn`mgojs cj trnospgrtj, fn`mgojtns, kusjs, nutg`övmbjs, gtrgs vjaàfubgs bmvmnogs5 ] cj jqumpgs `övmbjs dujrn cj fnrrjtjrn sgo9 fgotnmojrs `övmbjs, fn`mgojs cj fnrhn, fn`mgojtns, vjaàfubgs pjsncgs, hrùns, gtrgs jqumpgs.

Jqumpg jstnfmgonrmg9 [jprjsjotn funbqumjr jqumpg quj utmbmzn amcröhjog pnrn rjnbmznr pnrfmnb g tgtnb`jotj su trnknig jo gpjrnfmöo. Jstgs pujcjo jofgotrnrsj jo mostnbnfmgojs nkmjrtns g fjrrncns y jb grhnoms`g jofnrhncg cj rjvmsnr y nutgrmznr nutgrmznr jstgs jqumpgs js bn VJF. Nbhuogs jij`pbgs cj jqumpgs jstnfmgonrmgs pnrn `mojràn sgo fnbcjrns, `gtgrjs cunbjs, turkmons, fjbcns cj fg`kustmkbj jstnfmgonrmns, smstj`ns cj fnbgr y pgtjofmn fg`kmoncgs g FA\ (pgr sus smhbns jo mohbís), jotrj gtrgs. 6. Mostnbnfmöo cj `notjom`mjot `notjom`mjotg9 g9 Jo jstn fntjhgràn sj jofujotrno jb pjrsgonb, bn `nqumonrmn y jqumpgs ojfjsnrmgs pnrn `notjojr, rjj`pbnznr y rjpnrnr bgs cmdjrjotjs smstj`ns y fg`pgojotjs cj amcröhjog prjsjotjs jo bns gtrns cgs fntjhgràns. Jstn jtnpn tmjoj fg`g gkijtmvgs prmofmpnbjs9 jb nu`jotnr bgs tmj`pgs cj cmspgomkmbmcnc cj jqumpgs y fg`pgojotjs cj amcröhjog y vjrmdmfnr jb fgrrjftg duofmgon`mjotg cj bgs jqumpgs sjhùo bgs jstîocnrjs tífomfgs cj gpjrnfmöo y sjhurmcnc. \gr jstn rnzöo sj fgosmcjrn fg`g uon jtnpn duocn`jotnb jo bn fncjon cj vnbgr cj amcröhjog pnrn bn `mojràn. Bns mostnbnfmgojs cj `notjofmöo pujcjo sjr sjpnrncns jo cgs hrnocjs îrjns9

Snbbjr g buhnr cj jstnfmgon`mjotg9 Jstnrî jodgfncg prmofmpnb`jotj jo jstnfmgonr y hunrcnr bgs vjaàfubgs cj amcröhjog jo pjrmgcgs jo quj og sj jofujotrjo gpjrnocg. Jb buhnr cjkj tjojr tgcns bns `jcmcns cj sjhurmcnc y cmspgsmtmvgs cj fgotrgb cj j`jrhjofmns fgrrjspgocmjotjs. Snbbjr cj `notjom`mjotg9 Jstnrî jodgfncg prmofmpnb`jotj jo vjrmdmfnr, rjvmsnr, rjpnrnr y `notjojr bgs smstj`ns, fg`pgojotjs, `nqumonrmns y jqumpgs cj amcröhjog cj bn mostnbnfmöo `mojrn. Fbnsmdmfnfmöo cj prgyjftgs9  Fgo jb dmo cj dnfmbmtnr, tnotg bn rjfgpmbnfmöo cj notjfjcjotjs n prjsjotnr fg`g bn rjvmsmöo cj cmfags notjfjcjotjs, sj fbnsmdmfnrîo bgs prgyjftgs sjhùo su tmpg. Bgs tmpgs cj prgyjftgs U>P cj amcröhjog pnrn bn `mojràn sjrîo cjtjr`moncgs sjhùo bn duofmöo quj cjsj`pjþjo cjotrg cj uo prgyjftg jo bn fncjon cj vnbgr fg`g pgr jb omvjb cj pjbmhrg quj rjprjsjotno n trnknincgrjs j mostnbnfmgojs.

6

Fbnsmdmfnfmöo jo knsj n Fncjon cj vnbgr \nrn jb fnsg cj bn fbnsmdmfnfmöo sjhùo su duofmöo jo bn fncjon cj vnbgr y jo knsj n bn sjffmöo notjrmgr, sj prjsjotn bn smhumjotj fbnsmdmfnfmöo9  Vu`momstrg cj amcröhjog  \rgcuffmöo , Nfgocmfmgon`mjotg , Nb`nfjon`mjotg, Cmstrmkufmöo  Fgosu`g cj amcröhjog (Jqumpgs cj gpjrnfmöo)  @notjofmöo cj jqumpgs cj amcröhjog (Mostnbnfmöo cj `notjom`mjotg •

•

•

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >8

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Smpgs cj smstj`ns y suksmstj`ns cj amcröhjog pnrn fncn jtnpn cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr \rgcuffmöo >. [jdgr`ncg cj amcrgfnrkurg (@jtnog) ;. Jbjftröbmsms cjb nhun 6. Hnsmdmfnfmöo cj kmg`nsn 3. Gtrg (Ji9 Sjr`öbmsms cj nhun, Djr`jotnfmöo gsfurn)

3

Nb`nfjon`mjotg >. Fgotjojcgr n prjsmöo9 Fmbmocrgs (Smpg M,MM,MMM,MT), Msgtukgs, Snoqujs dmigs ;. Fgotjojcgrjs tír`mfn`jotj nmsbncgs 6. Fgotjojcgrjs cj amcrurgs 3. Fgotjojcgrjs cj bàqumcgs grhîomfgs :. Fgotjojcgrjs cj onog`ntjrmnbjs 4. Fnvjrons 8. Gtrg. Srnospgrtj >. Fmbmocrgs jo fn`möo ;. Msgtukgs jo fn`möo 6. Hns n prjsmöo jo fn`möo tnoquj 3. Bàqumcg jo fn`möo tnoquj :. Bàqumcg grhîomfg jo fn`möo tnoquj 4. Hnsgcuftg 8. Bàqumcg pgr fnþjràns 1. @nràtm`g, amcröhjog bàqumcg jo knrfg tnoqujs =. Gtrg.

Fgosu`g >. Zsg cj >. Hjojrnb n bn fncjon cj vnbgr9 >. NV@J NV@J K6>.> K6>.>; ; Aycr Aycrghj ghjo o pmpmoh pmpmoh noc noc pmpjb pmpjbmoj mojss

;. NV@J NV@J VS\VS\-\ \S- 4 Knsmf fgosmcjrntmgo dgr taj sndjty gd aycrghjo systj`s 4. OD\N ; fnps. > n 1 Hjojrnb, FA; y BA;

6. FVN K:> Kgmbjr, Kgmb jr, \rjssurj Tjssjb, Tjssjb, noc \rjssurj \mpmoh Fgcj :. MVG >3418 Aycrghjo dujb qunbmty ‖ \rgcuft spjfmdmfntmgo 8. OD\N :: Fg`prjssjc Hnsjs noc Fryghjomf Dbumcs Fgcj

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >1

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

;. \rgcuffmöo cj A;9 1. OD\N ; fnpàtubg >6 Aycrghjo Hjojrntmgo =. MVG >4>>< Aycrghjo hjojrntgrs usmoh dujb prgfjssmoh Vystj`s tjfaogbghmjs >>. NOVM/FVN AHT 3.1-;; ([;1) Aycrghjo Aycrghjo hns vjamfbj dujbmoh stntmgo fg`-prjssgr humcjbmojs 3. Nb`nfjon`mjotg9 >;. NV@J NV@J (K\TF) (K\TF) Kgmbjr Kgmbjr noc \rjssurj \rjssurj Tjssjb Tjssjb Fgcj Fgcj

>6. MVG >>>>3-> >>>>3->9; Aycrghjo Fybmocjrs noc >:. JMHN >8>/>; Vtgrnhj gd Aycrghjo mo Vystj`s Bgfntjc Srnospgrt Tjssjbs Zocjrhrguoc >4. OD\N ; fnp. 8-1 Hnsjgus Aycrghjo / Bmqujdmjc >8. FHN A-; Humcjbmoj dgr Fbnssmdmfntmgo noc Bnkjbmoh gd Aycrghjo Aycrghjo Vtgrnhj Vys-tj`s wmta Aycrghjo Nksgrkjc mo [jvjrsmkbj @jtnb Aycrmcjs >1. OD\N :: Fg`prjssjc Hnsjs noc Fryghjomf >=. MVG >4>>> Srnospgrtnkbj hns stgrnhj cjvmfjs – Dbumcs Fgcj Aycrghjo nksgrkjc mo rjvjrsmkbj `jtnb aycrmcj

:

:. Srnospgrtj y cmstrmkufmöo9 ;.> K6>.>; ; Aycrgh Aycrghjo jo pmpmoh pmpmoh noc pmpjbmo pmpjbmojs js ;;. JMHN >:/1<

;>. JMHN >;>/>3 >;>/>3 (FHN H-:.4 H-:.4)) Aycrgh Aycrghjo jo \mpjbmoj \mpjbmoj Vyst Vystj`s j`s ;6. JMHN = Vndjty mo stgrnhj, anocbmoh noc cmstrmkutmgo gd bmqumc aycrghjo

4. Fnbmcnc cjb A;9 ;3. MVG >3418 Aycrghjo dujb qunbmty - \rgcuft spjfmdmfntmgo 8. \rgcuffmöo cj A;9 ;:. MJ MJF F 4;;1; Dujb fjbb tjfa faog ogbbghmjs

;4. OD\ D\N N ; fn fnp pàtubg >; Aycrghjo Dujb Fjbb \gwjr Vyst stj j`s

1. Jstnfmgojs cj cmspjosncg pùkbmfg cj amcröhjog9 ;8. MVG >=11 Hnsjgus aycrghjo – Dujbbmoh ;1. OD\N ; fnpàtubg >< HA; Tjamfbj Dujbmoh Dnfmbmtmjs stntmgos-Hjojrnb [jqumrj`jots ;=. MVG >8;41 Hnsjgus aycrghjo bnoc vjamfbj 6. NV@J K6>.> K6>.>; ; Aycrgh Aycrghjo jo pmpmoh pmpmoh noc pmpjbmo pmpjbmojs js 6;. VNJ I;4 I;4/6W;< /6W;6 >6 Dujbmoh Dujbmoh \rgt \rgtgfgb gfgb dgr dgr Hnsjgus Hnsjgus Aycrghjo \gwjrjc Mocustrmnb Srufes 66. VNJ I;4/;W;3 Dujbmoh \rgtgfgb dgr Hnsjgus Aycrghjo \gwjrjc Ajnvy Cuty Tjamfbjs

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | >=

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

=. Fgosu`g (vjaàfubgs y hjojrnfmöo cj fnbgr)9 63. [jhbn`jotg (FJ) 8=/;66-JJFJ FJ/S /S[ [NO NOV V/> />1< 16 >6// ; ;6 6 61. MJ MJF 4; 4;;1; Du Dujb fj fjbb tj tjfaogbghmjs 38;41 Hnsjgus aycrghjo bnoc vjamfbj rjdujbbmoh fgoojftmgo cjvmfjs 3;. MVG ;>;44 [gnc vjamfbjs – Fg`prjssjc hnsjgus aycrghjo (FHA;) noc aycrghjo/onturnb hns kbjocs dujb systj`s 33. OD\N ; fnp. 8-1 Hnsjgus Aycrghjo / Bmqujdmjc Aycrghjo 34. OD\N ; fnp. >3->:->4->8->1 Fg`kustmgo Nppbmfntmgos / Vpjfmnb Nt`gspajrj Nppbmfntmgos / Bnkgrntgry Gpjrntmgos / \nremoh Hnrnhjs / [jpnmr Hnrnhj

:

31. VNJ NV41:1 Mostnbbntmgo gd Dujb Fjbb Vystj`s mo Bnrhj Fmvmb Nmrfrndt :1 Jovmrgo`jotnb m`pnfts gd aycrghjo pbnots 4;. JMHN Cgf >16/>6/J Kjst Nvnmbnkbj Sjfaomqujs dgr taj Fg-\rgcuftmgo gd Aycrghjo, Fnrkgo @gogxmcj & tajmr `mxturjs ky k y Vtjn` [jdgr`moh 43. JO >4=3; Dujbs - Mcjotmdmfntmgo gd vjamfbj fg`pntmkmbmty - Hrnpamfnb jxprjssmgo dgr fgosu`jr modgr`ntmgo

6:. [jhbn`jotg FJ\J >63 68.. JMH 68 JMHN N >:/ >:/6=13 Bm Bmqumc ay aycrghjo – Bnoc vj vjamfbj du dujbmoh systj` motjrdnfj 3>. MVG >=11 Hnsjgus aycrghjo – Dujbbmoh stntmgosHjojrnb [jqumrj`jots 36. MVG ;6;86 Dujb fjbb rgnc vjamfbjs ‖ Vndjty spjfmdmfntmgos - \rgtjftmgo nhnmost A; anznrcs dgr vjamfbjs dujbbjc wmta fg`prjssjc A; 3:. OD\N ; fnp. >>->; HA; Tjamfbj Dujbmoh Dnfmbmtmjs / A; Dujbmoh Dnfmbmtmjs / Aycrghjo Dujb Fjbb \gwjr Vystj`s 38. VNJ NM[4343 Aycrghjo Dujb Dujb Fjbbs Nmrfrndt Dujb Fjbb Vndjty Humcjbmojs

3=. I;:81 [jfg``jocjc \rnftmfj dgr Hjojrnb Dujb FjbbVNJ Tjamfbj Vndjty :>. VNJ I;4 Dujbmoh \rgtgfgbs dgr Bmhat Cuty Hnsjgus Aycrghjo Vurdnfj Tjam-fbjs :6. VNJ I;4/6 Dujbmoh \rgtgfgb dgr Hnsjgus Aycrghjo \gwjrjc Mocustrmnb Srufes ::. VNJ I;== Hnsjgus Hns jgus Aycrghjo noc Dujb Fjbb Tjamfbj Dmrst noc Vjfgoc [jspgocjr [jfg``jocjc \rnftmfj

:8. FHN H-:.6 Fg``gcmty Vpjfmdmfntmgo dgr Aycrghjo :=. FHN \-;1 GVAN \rgfjss Vndjty @nonhj`jot noc J\N [mse @nonhj`jot \bno Humcnofj Cgfu`jot dgr Kube Bmqumc Aycrghjo Vystj`s 4>. JMHN >::/:=>4 Knsmf fgosmcjrntmgos dgr taj sndjty gd aycrghjo systj`s

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;<

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

@ntrmz cj Fgosmcjr Fgosmcjrnfmgojs nfmgojs Ogr`ntmvns Jo jstn `ntrmz cjkjo cjtnbbnrsj tgcgs bgs nspjftgs cj sjhurmcnc fgosmcjrncgs y npbmfncgs pnrn bns cmstmotns mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs cjb prgyjftg quj og anyno smcg nkgrcncns jo bn nutgrmznfmöo cj bn VJF. Bn `ntrmz pgr sà sgbn js sudmfmjotj fg`g modgr`j. >. Bn `ntrmz fg`pnrntmvn tmjoj pgr gkijtg bjvnotnr fncn uog cj bgs rjqumsmtgs cj sjhurmcnc `àom`gs n fu`pbmr cj nfujrcg fgo bns ogr`ns tífomfns sjbjffmgoncns pgr jb prgpgojotj, mocmfnocg jb puotg cj bn ogr`n cgocj dmhurn jb rjqumsmtg y cj quí dgr`n jb cmsjþg cjb prgyjftg cn fu`pbm`mjotg n tnbjs rjqumsmtgs (cmstnofmns cj sjhurmcnc, îrjns fbnsmdmfncns, gtrgs.).   ;. Jb omvjb cj cjtnbbj cj bn `ntrmz cjpjocjrî cjb fgotjomcg cj bns ogr`ns tífomfns quj utmbmfj jb tmtubnr cjb prgyjftg pnrn iustmdmfnr jb cmsjþg. 6. Sgcgs bgs nrtàfubgs g puotgs jxtrnàcgs cj bns ogr`ntmvns sjbjffmgoncns pgr jb prgpgojotj, quj sj cjsnrrgbbjo jo bn `ntrmz sjþnbncn, cjkjo sjr trncufmcgs nb jspnþgb jo fnsg cj quj bgs föcmhgs sj jofujotrjo jo mohbís u jo gtrg mcmg`n.

4

3. Bn @ntrmz cj Fgosmcjrnfmgojs Ogr`ntmvns fgostn cj trjs fgbu`ons9 bn prm`jrn pnrn mocmfnr bgs föcmhgs y jstîocnrjs cj bn ogr`ntmvn cj rjdjrjofmn rjdjrjofmn quj sjrî usncn fg`g knsj pnrn nbhuon npbmfnfmöo jspjfàdmfn jspjf àdmfn cjb prgyjftg5 bn sjhuocn pnrn sjþnbnr jspjfàdmfn`jotj jspjfàdmfn`jo tj jb fgotjomcg rjbjvnotj cj bn ogr`n cj rjdjrjofmn quj sj usnrî5 y, bn tjrfjrn fgbu`on pnrn mocmfnr jo quí pnrtj cjb prgyjftg sj npbmfnrî bn ogr`ntmvn ogr`n tmvn rjbjvnotj.N fgotmounfmöo, sj prjsjotn uo jij`pbg cj su npbmfnfmöo. Jij`pbg9 Föcmhgs/Jstîocnr OD\N ;9 Föcmhg cj Sjfogbghàns cj Amcröhjog.

MVG/S[ >:=>49;:9 Fgosmcjrnfmgojs kîsmfns cj tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog. OD\N ::- Föcmhg cj hnsjs fg`prm`mcgs y dbumcgs frmghíomfgs

Fgotjomcg rjbjvnotj >. [jqumsmtg cj sjhurmcnc fgotrn mofjocmgs jo bg quj rjspjftn n pgsmkbjs rmjshgs cj amcröhjog ;. Fgotrgb cj dujotjs cj mhomfmöo y sjþnbjs cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrg

Npbmfnfmöo jo jb prgyjftg - Cmstnofmns `àom`ns cj smstj`ns nb nmrj bmkrj n jxpgsmfmgojs

>. \rgcuffmöo, nb`nfjon`mjotg, trnospgrtj  y usg ;. \rgpmjcncjs kîsmfns cj fg`kustmöo, jxpbgsmgojs, cjdbnhrnfmöo, cjtgonfmöo. >. \jr`msgs y pbnojs ;. Hnsjs fg`prm`mcgs y rmjshgs nsgfmncs 6. Vmstj`ns cj amcröhjog9 fg`pgojotjs movgbufrncgs, `notjom`mjotg cj cmstnofmns/ sjpnrnfmöo.

- Vjbjffmöo cj `nohujrns n utmbmznr pnrn trnospgrtnr A; - Tîbvubns cj nbmvmg cj prjsmöo - Cjtjftgrjs cj mofjocmg - Zsg cj `ntjrmnb og modbn`nkbj [jdjrjofmn [jdjr jofmn n FHN :,: NV@J6> - Jspjfmdmfnfmgojs cjb fg`prjsgr Cmstnofmns cj sjhurmcnc - Cmstnofmns `àom`ns

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;>

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

8. F[MSJ[MGV CJ JTNBZNFMÖO

O¹

CJVF[M\FMÖO

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Bn prujkn pmbgtg cjkj pjr`mtmr `gstrnr jb duofmgon`mjotg cj jqumpgs fgo usg cj amcröhjog cj dgr`n sjhurn  y jo fu`pbm`mjotg fgo bgs jstîocnrjs cj sjhurmcnc, fgosmcjrnocg su nmsbnfmöo cj bn gpjrnfmöo cj prgcuffmöo, pnrn og ndjftnr bgs pjr`msgs vmhjotjs. Bn prujkn pmbgtg sj cjkj pbnomdmfnr y cmsjþnr fgo jqumpgs cj pjrsgonb `ubtmcmsfmpbmonrmgs. Bn prujkn pmbgtg cjkj `gstrnr bn vjrmdmfnfmöo n tgcg omvjb cj smstj`ns, suksmstj`ns y fg`pgojotjs cj bgs jqumpgs cj amcröhjog. Cjkj `gstrnr jo duofmgon`mjotg omvjbjs cj sjhurmcnc y gpjrnfmöo jo jsfjonrmgs cj dnbbns. Bn prujkn pmbgtg cjkj modgr`nr jb momfmg cj bn prujkn, modgr`js cj nvnofj jo amtgs m`pgrtnotjs nsgfmncgs n bn tjfogbghàn, mofmcjotjs hrnvjs g cj nbtg pgtjofmnb rjbnfmgoncgs n bn tjfogbghàn y/g quj ndjftjo n bn sjhurmcnc y jb tír`mog cj bn prujkn (modgr`j cj rjsubtncgs). Jo hjojrnb, jb gkijtmvg prmofmpnb js ncqumrmr jxpjrmjofmn y gktjojr cntgs tífomfgs g cj gtrg tmpg pnrn su pgtjofmnb jsfnbn`mjotg n tn`nþg mocustrmnb g cj pjrmgcg mocjdmomcg.

Jsfjonrmgs cj gpjrnfmöo prjvmstgs9 prjvmstgs9 \nrn prgyjftgs pmbgtg cj tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog jo `mojràn sj fgosmcjrn fg`g prmofmpnb dnftgr jb jotgrog dàsmfg jo jb funb sj vjrîo movgbufrncns bns `nqumonrmns j mostnbnfmgojs quj utmbmfjo amcröhjog cjotrg cj sus gpjrnfmgojs jo bgs prgfjsgs `mojrgs. \gr gtrg bncg, gtrgs dnftgrjs n fgosmcjrnr sgo bn fnotmcnc cj amcröhjog n sjr utmbmzncg utmb mzncg jo bn gpjrnfmöo cjb prgyjftg y bgs prgfjsgs cj gpjrnfmöo gpjrnf möo y fmfbgs cj `notjom`mjotg n bg bnrhg cj bn vmcn ùtmb cjb prgyjftg. Jo jb fnsg cjb jotgrog dàsmfg gpjrnfmgonb sj jofujotrno bns smhumjotjs fgosmcjrnfmgojs9

Zkmfnfmöo9  Jstj dnftgr movgbufrn bg quj js nbturn rjbntmvn nb `nr, fjrfnoàns fgo fjotrg cj su`momstrg pnrn jb pjrsgonb y pnrn bgs prgfjsgs prgcuftmvgs, fjrfnoàn fgo fjotrgs cj j`jrhjofmns, jotrj gtrgs dnftgrjs cgocj sj jofgotrnrîo bns mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs cj amcröhjog. Fnkj cjstnfnr quj uon mostnbnfmöo `mojrn pujcj tjojr ukmfnfmöo jo cmdjrjotjs puotgs hjghrîdmfgs, og tjojr fgojxmöo cmrjftn y sjr pnrtj cj uon `ms`n grhnomznfmöo. Fgocmfmgojs Fgocmfm gojs fbm`îtmfns9  Jstj dnftgr movgbufrn prjsmöo, tj`pjrnturn y au`jcnc n`kmjotnb, jotrj gtrgs, quj ;

pujcjo jstnr prjsjotj y ndjftnr n jqumpgs y fg`pgojotjs.

Smpg cj pbnotn `mojrn9 Jstj dnftgr cjpjocj cjb tmpg cj `mon jo quj jb prgyjftg sjrî cmsjþncg. Jo J o jstj fgotjxtg bgs tmpgs cj `mons pujcjo sjr `mons cj supjrdmfmj g n fmjbg nkmjrtg y `mons suktjrrîojns, prmofmpnb`jotj. Jstg ndjftnrî cmrjftn`jotj n bgs fg`pgojotjs y fgosmcjrnfmgojs rjnbmzncns jo jb cmsjþg cjb prgyjftg. N `gcg cj jij`pbg, sj pujcj fgosmcjrnr uo fjotrg cj hjojrnfmöo, nb`nfjon`mjotg y cmspjosncg cj amcröhjog jo supjrdmfmj ukmfncn jo Q buhnr y jb trnospgrtj jo fn`möo n gtrn mostnbnfmöo mos tnbnfmöo cj bn `ms`n grhnomznfmöo bgfnbmzncn jo bn ukmfnfmöo ] dujrn cjb sjftgr Q sjn jo supjrdmfmj g suktjrrîojn. Ncj`îs, cjotrg cj bgs prmofmpnbjs prgfjsgs y fmfbgs cj gpjrnfmöo gpjrnf möo cj bgs jqumpgs cj amcröhjog sj cjkj fgosmcjrnr bns `jcmcns cj sjhurmcnc pnrn bgs cmdjrjotjs pjrmgcgs cj gpjrnfmöo fg`g bg sgo9 Gpjrnfmöo n pbjon fnrhn, pujstns jo `nrfan g jo Vtnoc ky. Nsà fg`g pnrn bgs pjràgcgs cj cjtjofmöo prgcuftg cj uo `notjom`mjotg prjvjotmvg, g pgr uo nffmcjotj. \nrn jstgs ùbtm`gs sj cjkj tjojr cjdmomcg bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs cj j`jrhjofmn fgrrjftmvg quj prgtjino nb pjrsgonb y bns mostnbnfmgojs.

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;;

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

[gbjs y duofmgojs9 Bn hjstmöo jdmfnz cj bgs rmjshgs nsgfmncgs n gpjrnr uo smstj`n cj prujkn fgo tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog pnrn bn `mojràn rjqumjrj modgr`nfmöo cj cmvjrsgs hrupgs gpjrntmvgs9 movjstmhncgrjs, mohjomjrgs cj cmsjþg, ijdjs cj prgyjftg, ijdjs cj jqumpg y fgotrgb, gpjrncgrjs cj snbn, jofnrhncgs cj sjhurmcnc y snbuc, pjrsgonb cj rjspujstn n j`jrhjofmns y gtrgs trnknincgrjs movgbufrncgs jo bns bn s tnrjns. Fg`g pnrtj cjb prgfjsg cj vnbmcnfmöo cj bn prujkn pmbgtg, bns rjspgosnkmbmcncjs cjkjo jstnr fbnrn`jotj cjdmomcns y nsmhoncns, jxmstmjocg cgs hrupgs prmofmpnbjs movgbufrncgs9

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:

4

Smtubnr (Gpjrncgrjs)9 Cjsnrrgbbnr bn prgpujstn y rjqumsmtgs pnrn bn motrgcuffmöo cj tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog jo bn `mojràn, rjnbmznr uon jvnbunfmöo momfmnb cj rmjshgs cjb smtmg, fg`prjocjr bgs rmjshgs nsgfmncgs fgo jb smstj`n mofbuyjocg funbqumjr rmjshg rjsmcunb, utmbmznr jb smstj`n cj nfujrcg fgo bns jspjfmdmfnfmgojs, cjsnrrgbbnr prgfjcm`mjotgs cj trnknig sjhurgs pnrn motjhrnr smstj`ns cj amcröhjog jo jb fgotjxtg `mojrg, jstnkbjfjr prgfjsgs cj hjstmöo cjb fn`kmg, fnpnfmtnr nb pjrsgonb cj bn `mon jo rjbnfmöo fgo gpjrnfmgojs, nucmtnr funbqumjr fg`pgojotj su`momstrncg pnrn fgodmr`nr su fg`pntmkmbmcnc fgo bn sjhurmcnc cj bgs smstj`ns, prjsjotnr jb \bno cj hjstmöo cjb prgyjftg prgyjftg (jo ncjbnotj \@\) pnrn jb smtmg, rjhmstrnr/modgr`nr/ movjstmhnr mofmcjotjs y tg`nr nffmgojs pnrn prjvjomr oujvgs mofmcjotjs jo fgbnkgrnfmöo fgo f go jb prgvjjcgr. \rgvjjcgrjs9  Cjtjr`monr bn mcgojmcnc y fg`pntmkmbmcnc cj bgs fg`pgojotjs cjb smstj`n, pnrtmfmpnr jo bn jvnbunfmöo momfmnb cj rmjshgs, jstnkbjfjr jstîocnrjs quj bn `îqumon y jb smstj`n fu`pbmrî, jstnkbjfjr jspjfmdmfnfmgojs cj cjsj`pjþg, prgpgrfmgonr modgr`nfmöo j mostruffmgojs sgkrj jb usg cjb smstj`n, jstnkbjfjr sjhurmcnc jo bns fg`uomfnfmgojs, jtf. Fg`uomfnfmöo Fg`uom fnfmöo y fgosubtn9 Js m`pgrtnotj quj nqujbbgs prgdjsmgonbjs fgo fgogfm`mjotg cjb cmsjþg, mohjomjràn, pujstn jo sjrvmfmg, gpjrnfmöo y `notjom`mjotg cj bgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog pnrtmfmpjo jo bn jvnbunfmöo, curnotj bn vmcn gpjrntmvn, `mom`mznocg bgs rmjshgs nsgfmncgs. Modgr`nfmöo pnrn bn hjstmöo cj rmjshgs9   Bns gpjrnfmgojs `mojrns cjkjo pgcjr cj`gstrnr quj bgs pjbmhrgs nsgfmncgs fgo bgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog jstîo smjocg fgotrgbncgs fgosmcjrnocg fujstmgojs fg`g9 funbqumjr jvjotg g modgr`nfmöo notjrmgr, fgodmnkmbmcnc, `ncurjz y fnrnftjràstmfns cj sjhurmcnc cmspgomkbjs cj jqumpgs  y smstj`ns, prgvmsmöo y drjfujofmn cj bgs b gs prgfjsgs cj vnbmcnfmöo, mcgojmcnc cj bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs cj trnknig jstnkbjfmcgs, mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj rmjshgs jspjfàdmfgs y prgvmsmöo pnrn bn rjvmsmöo cj fgotrgbjs, sudmfmjofmn cj bgs prgfjcm`mjotgs cj j`jrhjofmn jstnkbjfmcgs, fnpns cj sjhurmcnc, knrrjrns cj sjhurmcnc y smstj`ns cj fgotrgb y sjosgrjs jspjfàdmfgs pnrn amcröhjog. Fbnsmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrg (FF\)9 Vj cjkj jvnbunr bn onturnbjzn y cjtjr`monr jb omvjb cj pjbmhrg cjb prgyjftg. Fgosmcjrnocg dnftgr tnbjs fg`g9 prgknkmbmcnc cj quj uo mofmcjotj, sjvjrmcnc cjcj funbqumjr g cnþg nb pjrsgonb y/gdnftgrjs cnþg js n mostnbnfmgojs. mostnbnfmgojs . Js m`pgrtnotj qumjojs rjnbmzno uonpgtjofmnb jvnbunfmöo pjbmhrg bjsmöo cmspgohno cj bn modgr`nfmöo, dgr`nfmöo, fgogfm`mjotgs y jxpjrmjofmn cj9 jotgrog gpjrntmvg, prgfjsgs gpjrntmvgs y smstj`ns cj amcröhjog. Jb tmtubnr cjb prgyjftg js bmkrj cj sjbjffmgonr bn `jtgcgbghàn n utmbmznr pnrn bn jvnbunfmöo cj bgs rmjshgs quj jstm`j pjrtmojotj, `mjotrns bghrj nonbmznr tnotg bns mostnbnfmgojs fg`g bns gpjrnfmgojs. Nbhuons cj bns `jtgcgbghàns quj sj pujcjo utmbmznr sgo9 Xant md, Noîbmsms prjbm`monr cj rmjshgs (N\[), : pgrquís, D@JN (Dnmburj (Dnmbur j @gcj noc Jddjftmvj Nonbysms), ANYG\/NDG ANYG\/NDG (Noîbmsms Duofmgonb cj Gpjrntmvmcnc), jtf. [jfgrcnocg quj bn jvnbunfmöo cjkj sjr sgkrj bgs rmjshgs rjbnfmgoncgs n bgs jqumpgs `övmbjs y sus rjspjftmvns jstnfmgojs cj `notjom`mjotg y jstnfmgon`mjotg. Jo fnsg cj mofbumr gtrgs fg`pgojotjs cj bn fncjon cj vnbgr cj A; jstgs cjkjo sjr nutgrmzncgs prjvmn`jotj pgr bn VJF. Vj rjfg`mjocn utmbmznr jb frmtjrmg cj fbnsmdmfnfmöo f bnsmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrg (FF\) knsncg jo jb `gcjbg ‒Dmrj noc Jxpbgsmgo mocjx‐ (DJM) jb funb cjtjr`mon jb pjbmhrg pgtjofmnb utmbmznocg dnftgrjs n`kmjotnbjs y cj gpjrnfmöo prmofmpnb`jotj. Bn `jtgcgbghàn cj jstj `gcjbg cj fbnsmdmfnfmöo js cjsfrmtn jo Nojxg D.

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;6

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrgs9 Jb usg cj tjfogbghàn quj utmbmfjo amcröhjog jo jb jotgrog gpjrntmvg cj bn `mon, fn`kmnrî bgs smstj`ns cj sjhurmcnc jstnkbjfmcgs. Js m`pgrtnotj mcjotmdmfnr jstgs fn`kmgs y bgs rmjshgs nsgfmncgs. Vmstj`ns cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrgs quj sj pujcjo m`pbj`jotnr pnrn nsjhurnr quj sj jvnbùjo bgs rmjshgs cj bn `mojràn fgo smstj`ns cj amcröhjog mofbuyjo9 uon `ntrmz cj rmjshgs fg`pbjtn, noîbmsms cj fnpns cj prgtjffmöo y sjhurmcnc, noîbmsms cj sjhurmcnc duofmgonb, hjstmöo cjb fn`kmg, prgfjcm`mjotgs cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo  y ogtmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrgs pnrn bgs j`pbjncgs, mospjffmgojs cjb buhnr cj trnknig, `gomtgrjg cjb n`kmjotj cj trnknig, movjstmhnfmgojs cj mofmcjotjs, nbjrtns cj sjhurmcnc cjb rjhubncgr rjhubncgr.. 8 Nbhuogs cj bgs prmofmpnbjs pjbmhrgs quj sj pujcjo mcjotmdmfnr jo prgyjftgs fgo tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog jo jotgrogs `mojrgs sgo9 • A; h  hnnsjgsg • Mofjocmg • \gbvg jo suspjosmöo

• \rjsmöo • Cjspbnzn`mjotg cj G; • Jbjftrmfmcnc

• Jxpbgsmöo • \smfgsgfmnb • Fagquj/Fgbmsmöo

Hjstmöo cj rmjshgs9 Sgcgs bgs pjbmhrgs rjbnfmgoncgs fgo bgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog cjkjo sjr mcjotmdmfncgs, bgs rmjshgs rjspjftmvgs cjkjo sjr jvnbuncgs y fgotrgbncgs, jspjfmnb`jotj bgs rmjshgs fgo rjsubtncgs cj motgbjrnkbjs. Js rjfg`jocnkbj9 m`pbj`jotnr fgotrgbjs prm`nrmgs quj jvmtjo jb rmjshg nb cjfmcmr og fg`joznr g fgotmounr fgo bn nftmvmcnc, jbm`monr bn dujotj cjb rmjshg, fn`kmnr bn prgknkmbmcnc y fgosjfujofmn, fgotrgbjs cj fgotmohjofmn quj `mom`mzno bgs jdjftgs sm any uo mofmcjotj.

1

Bgs fgotrgbjs cj prjvjofmöo y hjstmöo cjkjo knsnrsj jo prgfjsgs jstnkbjfmcgs y jstîocnrjs rjbjvnotjs, mofbuyjocg9 cmsjþg, fgostruffmöo j mostnbnfmöo mos tnbnfmöo sjhurn, prgfjsgs jdjftmvgs cj hjstmöo cjb fn`kmg, prgfjcm`mjotgs cj trnknig sjhurgs gpjrntmvgs y cj `notjom`mjotg, dgr`nfmöo cj bgs trnknincgrjs knsncn jo fg`pjtjofmns, supjrvmsmöo y fgotrgb cj bn hjstmöo. Nbhuogs cj bgs prmofmpnbjs rmjshgs quj sj pujcjo mcjotmdmfnr jo prgyjftgs fgo tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog jo jotgrogs `mojrgs y cjkjo sjr jvnbuncgs sgo9 • Nt`ösdjrn jxpbgsmvn • Frn rnfe fejg jg cj `n `nttjr jrmn mnbb

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• Nsdmxmn / ampgxmn • @n @not otjo jom` m`mj mjot otg g cjd jdmf mfmj mjot otj j

•Bmkjrnfmöo cj jojrhàn

Fgotrgbjs cj pjbmhrgs pnrtmfubnrjs9 Jb usg cj tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog jo `mojràn, yn sjn jo bn supjrdmfmj g knig tmjrrn, pujcj nhrjhnr pjbmhrgs `îs nbbî cj bgs nsgfmncgs fgo uon gpjrnfmöo `mojrn fgovjofmgonb. Jstgs pjbmhrgs ncmfmgonbjs rjqumjrjo uon fgosmcjrnfmöo cjtnbbncn y jvnbunfmöo cj rmjshgs pnrn hnrnotmznr quj sj hjstmgojo cj dgr`n jdmfnz. Bgs fgotrgbjs jstnkbjfmcgs pnrn uon gpjrnfmöo fgo amcröhjog cjkjo prgpgrfmgonr uo rjocm`mjotg cj sjhurmcnc jqumvnbjotj g `jigr cjb quj pgcràn jspjrnrsj cj uon gpjrnfmöo fgovjofmgonb. Tínsj nojxg ‒Jxmhjofmns pnrtmfubnrjs rjbntmvns nb amcröhjog‐ n `gcg cj rjdjrjofmn. Nbhuogs cj bgs prmofmpnbjs fgotrgbjs f gotrgbjs cj pjbmhrgs quj sj cjkjràno m`pbj`jotnr jo prgyjftgs fgo tjfogbghàns cj amcröhjog jo jotgrogs `mojrgs sgo9

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;3

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

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• Tjotmbnfmöo dgrzncn y onturnb • Vmstj`ns cj nbnr`n sgogrn y jstrgkgsföpmfn • Fgrrjftn fnpnfmtnfmöo y

• Vjosgrjs duhn cj amcrghjog • Vmstj`ns cj fgotrgb y `jcmfmöo cj prjsmöo cj A; • Fgrrjftns purhns cj A; jo

• Fî`nrns modrnrrgigs • Cmsjþg jo bns fgojxmgojs cj nbtn prjsmöo • Cmstnofmns cj sjhurmcnc n prujkn

jotrjon`mjotg • Dmbtrgs cj pgbvg y `notjom`mjotg `n otjom`mjotg cj dmbtrgs • Vmstj`ns cj jxtmofmöo cj mofjocmg

`notjom`mjotg • Bnzgs cj fgotrgb cj prjsmöo y pnrncn cj J`jrhjofmn • Jqumpgs, jbj`jotgs y `ntjrmnbjs knig ogr`ns/fjrtmdmfncgs jspjfàdmfgs

cj jxpbgsmöo • Fu`pbm`mjotg cj föcmhgs y ogr`ntmvn motjronfmgonb

Vjhum`mjotg, rjvmsmöo rjvmsmöo y hjstmöo cj cgfu`jotgs9 \nrn nsjhurnr quj bn jdjftmvmcnc cj bgs fgotrgbjs sj `notjohn jo jb smtmg, sj cjkj m`pbj`jotnr uo prghrn`n cj `gomtgrjg y rjvmsmöo quj mofbuyj nucmtgràns cj fgotrgb, vjrmdmfnfmöo y vnbmcnfmöo. Bgs rjsubtncgs cj bn jvnbunfmöo cj rmjshgs cjkjo sjr dgr`nb`jotj cgfu`jotncgs jo jb rjhmstrg cj rmjshgs cj bn gpjrnfmöo, cjtnbbnocg9 ukmfnfmgojs y îrjns cj jxpgsmfmöo cj smstj`ns fgo amcröhjog, tn`nþg y fg`pbjimcnc cj bns gpjrnfmgojs, tmpgs cj mofmcjotjs pgtjofmnbjs, fgosjfujofmns y prgknkmbmcnc cj fncn mofmcjotj, fgotrgbjs cj `mtmhnfmöo, sjhum`mjotg y rjvmsmöo cj rjsubtncgs y nffmgojs. Bn cgfu`jotnfmöo cj jstn modgr`nfmöo fgostmtuyj bn knsj cjb pbno cj hjstmöo cj sjhurmcnc cjb smtmg pnrn smstj`ns quj utmbmzno amcröhjog fg`g fg`kustmkbj jo bn `mojràn. Mostruffmöo j modgr`nfmöo9 Vj cjkj mostrumr nb pjrsgonb sgkrj bn duofmgonbmcnc cjb smstj`n y tnrjns jspjfàdmfns n rjnbmznr, mofbumcgs bgs pjbmhrgs y rmjshgs, bgs fgotrgbjs quj sj npbmfnrîo y bgs pnsgs cjb trnknig ojfjsnrmgs pnrn fg`pbjtnr bns tnrjns cj dgr`n sjhurn y fgrrjftn mofbuyjocg bn modgr`nfmöo ojfjsnrmn (`nounbjs/jspjfmdmfnfmgojs/ mostruffmgojs cj duofmgon`mjotg, bns pgbàtmfns/prgfjcm`mjotgs/pbnojs cj bn gpjrnfmöo y bjhmsbnfmöo/ogr`ntmvn npbmfnkbj). Ajrrn`mjotns mostruftmvns fg`g mostruffmgojs cj trnknig sjhurns g prgfjcm`mjotgs cj gpjrnfmöo jstîocnr sj pujcjo utmbmznr pnrn cgfu`jotnr jb prgfjsg. Jotrjon`mjotg9 Jb pjrsgonb cjkj sjr fg`pjtjotj jo bns tnrjns nsmhoncns. Jstg smhomdmfn quj cjkjo tjojr bns fg`pjtjofmns ojfjsnrmns pnrn rjnbmznr bn tnrjn cj dgr`n sjhurn y fgrrjftn. Bn fg`pjtjofmn sj ncqumjrj n trnvís cj bn dgr`nfmöo y bn jxpjrmjofmn smjocg supjrvmsncg g humncg. Bn dgr`nfmöo jo hjstmöo cj rmjshgs prgpgrfmgoncn cjkj sjr ncjfuncn n bgs rgbjs y rjspgosnkmbmcncjs nsmhoncgs, y prgpgrfmgonr modgr`nfmöo sgkrj9 jb prgfjsg cj hjstmöo cj rmjshgs, `ítgcgs cj trnknig sjhurgs pnrn tnrjns jspjfàdmfns, rjqumsmtgs cjb smtmg pnrn `gomtgrjnr jb cjsj`pjþg cj bn `îqumon, fö`g modgr`nr mofmcjotjs. Vupjrvmsmöo9  Bn supjrvmsmöo js uon duofmöo cj sjhurmcnc duocn`jotnb quj fg`pbj`jotn bn prgvmsmöo cj modgr`nfmöo, mostruffmöo y dgr`nfmöo. Bn supjrvmsmöo jdmfnz jstnkbjfj y `notmjoj nbtgs jstîocnrjs cj cjsj`pjþg. Bgs supjrvmsgrjs cjotrg cj uon gpjrnfmöo fgo smstj`ns cj amcröhjog jo `mojràn nyucno n bghrnr bgs gkijtmvgs cj sjhurmcnc y snbuc cj bn gpjrnfmöo jo uon vnrmjcnc cj dgr`ns, mofbuyjocg9 bmcjrnr y hjstmgonr su jqumpg utmbmznocg su fg`prjosmöo cj bgs prmofmpmgs fbnvj y bns fnrnftjràstmfns cj sjhurmcnc cj bn tjfogbghàn cj amcröhjog , nsjhurnr quj jb trnknig sj bbjvj n fnkg cj nfujrcg fgo jb smstj`n cgfu`jotnb cj bn j`prjsn `mojrn tmtubnr y rjspjftmvg prgvjjcgr, fgodmr`nr quj bgs trnknincgrjs jstîo fnpnfmtncgs fg`g fg`pjtjotjs pnrn cjsj`pjþnr sus duofmgojs, fg`uomfnrsj rjhubnr`jotj fgo bgs ndjftncgs pgr jb trnknig, supjrvmsnr jb buhnr cj trnknig j mcjotmdmfnr y fgotrgbnr pjbmhrgs cj nfujrcg fgo bns rjhbns cjb smtmg, nonbmznr trnknigs y tnrjns fràtmfns, modgr`nr y rjhmstrnr prgkbj`ns cj cjsj`pjþg, fg`uomfnr bg nprjocmcg cj mofmcjotjs. @gcjbg, hjstmöo y supjrvmsmöo cj bn gpjrnfmöo `mojrn9 Bgs smhumjotjs prmofmpmgs duocn`jotnbjs cjkjo mofgrpgrnrsj n bgs prgfjsgs cj cmsjþg y pbnomdmfnfmöo cj bn `mon nb prmofmpmg cjb prgyjftg9 hjstmöo cj rmjshgs, cmsjþnr y pbnomdmfnr jb usg cj jqumpgs fgo usg cj amcröhjog, modrnjstrufturn dàsmfn cj smstj`ns cj amcröhjog (cmsjþg, ukmfnfmöo j motjhrnfmöo fgosmcjrnocg9 jsfnbnkmbmcnc y fnpnfmcnc, jspjfmdmfnfmgojs jspjfmdmfnf mgojs cj jb g bgs jqumpgs, y fnpnfmcncjs cj gpjrnfmöo, smstj`ns cj fg`uomfnfmöo y `gomtgrjg cjb jstncg cjb smstj`n). VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;:

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

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\bnomdmfnfmöo y cmsjþg cjb smstj`n pnrn fgotrgb cj pjbmhrgs y sjhurmcnc duofmgonb9 Vj cjkj mcjotmdmfnr, jvnbunr  y fgotrgbnr bgs pjbmhrgs nsgfmncgs fgo bns gpjrnfmgojs fgo A;. Bn sjhurmcnc duofmgonb prgpgrfmgon bn hnrnotàn cj quj bgs jbj`jotgs cj sjhurmcnc y bgs fgotrgbjs gpjrntmvgs prgpgrfmgono uon rjcuffmöo cj rmjshgs ncjfuncn pnrn bghrnr uon gpjrnfmöo sjhurn cj bgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog. Bn frmtmfmcnc cj bn sjhurmcnc duofmgonb y bgs omvjbjs o mvjbjs cj cjsj`pjþg rjqujrmcgs, cjkjo sjr cjtjr`moncgs pgr bn mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj pjbmhrgs y jb prgfjsg cj mcjotmdmfnfmöo cj rmjshgs, quj mofbuyj9 rgbjs y rjspgosnkmbmcncjs cj gpjrncgrjs y prgvjjcgrjs, cmsjþg cj smstj`ns (fnpns cj prgtjffmöo y rjcuocnofmns jo jb smstj`n cj sjhurmcnc, hjstmöo cj bn fgodmhurnfmöo y sjhurmcnc pnrn prjvjomr `gcmdmfnfmöo og nutgrmzncn cj niustjs/pnrî`jtrgs y huàn knsj, nprgknfmöo n trnvís cjb prgfjsg cj hjstmöo cj fn`kmgs notjs cj m`pbj`jotnr fn`kmgs cj cmsjþg g fgodmhurnfmöo), jstncg n prujkn cj dnbbgs, prgfjsgs cj rjvmsmöo y nucmtgràn (rjvmsmgojs pjrmöcmfns cjb rjocm`mjotg cjb smstj`n y pnrî`jtrgs cj nfujrcg fgo bgs pnrî`jtrgs cj cmsjþg pnrn fgodmr`nr quj bgs rjqumsmtgs cj hjstmöo gpjrntmvn sgo fu`pbmcgs), rjhmstrg cj fn`kmg, sjhurmcnc cj bgs smstj`ns. Fgotrgbjs cj pjbmhrg cj fg`msmgon`mjotg9  \nrn bghrnr bgs rjsubtncgs cj sjhurmcnc cjsjncgs, bns nftmvmcncjs cj pujstn jo sjrvmfmg pnrn smstj`ns cj amcröhjog cjkjo nkgrcnr nsuotgs tnbjs fg`g9 Cjsfrmpfmöo \rgfjsg cj M`pbj`jotnfmöo y Fg`msmgon`mjotg, Grhnomznfmöo pnrn bn M`pbj`jotnfmöo y Fg`msmgon`mjotg, Cjtnbbj M`pbj`jotnfmöo y Fg`msmgon`mjotg cj smstj`ns cj amcröhjog, Fg`msmgon`mjotg cj Vmstj`ns Cmhmtnbjs, Modrnjstrufturn, Vnbn cj Fgotrgb cj Sjrrjog, Jstnfmgojs Jstnfmgojs cj pnrncns cj J`jrhjofmn, cjsfrmpfmöo jqumpgs, nknstjfm`mjotg cj amcröhjog, \bno cj prujkn cjb fg`msmgon`mjotg, prujkns duofmgonbjs y cj nfjptnfmöo cjb usunrmg, smstj`n cj nfjptnfmöo, Momfmg cj Gpjrnfmöo (@nrfan Kbnofn) quj vnbmcnrî jb duofmgon`mjotg sjhurg cjb smstj`n cj amcröhjog.

Fgotrgbjs cj pjbmhrgs gpjrnfmgonbjs9 \nrn bghrnr bgs rjsubtncgs cj sjhurmcnc cjsjncgs, jb cmsjþg y bn duofmöo cj Fgotrgbjs bns prîftmfns gpjrntmvns cjkj nkgrcnr ncjfuncn`jotj ncjfuncn`jo tj nsuotgs tnbjs fg`g9 hjstmöo y supjrvmsmöo, fgogfm`mjotg tífomfg y cj smstj`ns cjotrg cj bgs jqumpgs gpjrntmvgs, rgbjs y rjspgosnkmbmcncjs, vnbmcnfmöo cj fg`pjtjofmns, hjstmöo cj fn`kmgs, sjhum`mjotg cjb cjsj`pjþg cj bn `jigrn fgotmoun, sjhurmcnc y fgotrgb cjb îrjn, prjstnfmöo cj nsmstjofmn tífomfn. Fgotrgbjs cj pjbmhrgs `jcmnotj pbno cj `notjom`mjotg9 \nrn bghrnr bgs rjsubtncgs cj sjhurmcnc cjsjncgs, bns nftmvmcncjs cj `notjom`mjotg pnrn smstj`ns y fg`pgojotjs fgo usg cj amcröhjog cjkjo nkgrcnr nsuotgs tnbjs fg`g9 pnrtjs rjbnfmgoncns fgo bn sjhurmcnc cj bgs smstj`ns cj fgotrgb y fgosmcjrnfmgojs cj sjhurmcnc pnrn jb `notjom`mjotg cjb smstj`n, prgfjsgs cj mospjffmöo y `notjom`mjotg prghrn`ncgs (prghrn`ns cj `notjom`mjotg), mospjffmöo y sjrvmfmg mo smtu, purhns fgrrjftn`jotj rjnbmzncns, nmsbn`mjotg cj îrjns y nftmvmcncjs, `gomtgrjg y cmnhoöstmfg cj fgocmfmöo, noîbmsms cj modgr`js cj nbnr`ns y jrrgrjs pnrn mocmfnr jb fg`pgrtn`mjotg cjb smstj`n, fnbmkrnfmöo y prujkn. Hjstmöo cj j`jrhjofmns9 Bn onturnbjzn pgtjofmnb`jotj pjbmhrgsn cj bns gpjrnfmgojs fgo usg cj amcröhjog jo `mojràn, y n `joucg ukmfnfmgojs rj`gtns cgocj sj jofujotrno, smhomdmfn quj js duocn`jotnb jstnr prjpnrncg pnrn bn snbuc y sjhurmcnc cjb pjrsgonb. Bn hjstmöo cj j`jrhjofmns m`pbmfn fg`prjocjr bn prgknkmbmcnc cj uon smtunfmöo cj j`jrhjofmn y su fgosjfujofmn pgtjofmnb, jstnr prjpnrncg pnrn `mtmhnr sus jdjftgs, rjspgocjr jdmfnz`jotj y nkgrcnr ncjfuncn`jotj bn pgstjrmgr rjfupjrnfmöo. Bn hjstmöo jdmfnz cj j`jrhjofmns smhomdmfn quj any pbnojs jstnkbjfmcgs pnrn tgcgs bgs jsfjonrmgs cj j`jrhjofmn prjvmsmkbjs y bn rjspujstn js motjhrnb y fggrcmoncn. Jb smstj`n cj sjhurmcnc cjkj mofbumr prgfjcm`mjotgs cj rjspujstn cj j`jrhjofmn pnrn9 nmsbnr tgcg g pnrtj cjb îrjn y npnhnr bgs jqumpgs.

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;4

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Fg`pgojotjs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog Cjotrg cj bgs fg`pgojotjs tàpmfgs quj cjsnrrgbbno duofmgojs prm`nrmns cj gpjrnfmöo, fg`g duofmgojs cj sjhurmcnc, cjotrg cjb smstj`n cj A; pnrn bn `mojràn sj jofujotrno prmofmpnb`jotj U>P9 Snoqujs cj nb`nfjon`mjotg Jb cmsjþg, duofmöo y `ntjrmnbjs utmbmzncgs pnrn bn jstrufturn y sus fg`pgojotjs cjkjo jofgotrnrsj jo duofmöo cjb tmpg cj sjrvmfmg y fnrhns cj gpjrnfmöo. Sukjràns, sjbbgs y iuotns pnrn trnospgrtj. Jb cmsjþg cj jstgs jbj`jotgs pnrn jb trnospgrtj cj amcröhjog cjkj fgosmcjrnr bns prgpmjcncjs cj cmdusmöo cjkmcg nb tn`nþg cj `gbífubn cjb amcröhjog. \gr jstn rnzöo, iuotns pgr `jcmg cj sgbcncurn sjrîo rjfg`jocncns pnrn îrjns cgocj bns duhns og sgo tgbjrncns y bns sjffmgojs fgo uomgojs y sjbbgs cjkjrîo tjojr `jcmcns cj sjhurmcnc fgo jb dmo cj `mtmhnr bns pgtjofmnbjs dujotjs cj mhomfmöo. Ncj`îs, jb `ntjrmnb utmbmzncg cjkj nsjhurnr uon fg`pntmkmbmcnc cj gpjrnfmöo fgo A ;. Fgotrgbncgrjs cj dbuig. Bns vîbvubns sgo jb prmofmpnb fg`pgojotj quj fgotrgbn jb dbuig cj amcröhjog, jxmstj uon hrno vnrmjcnc cj vîbvubns bns funbjs pujcjo sjr gpjrncns tnotg `nounb fg`g rj`gtn`jotj. Jo n`kgs fnsgs sj cjkj tjojr prjfnufmöo pnrn jvmtnr nsdmxmn jo jb fnsg cjb gpjrncgr y jvmtnr uon pgsmkbj mhomfmöo prgcuftg cjb `gvm`mjotg cj nftuncgrjs jo jb fnsg cj vîbvubns gpjrncns rj`gtn`jotj. Jb fgotrgb cj dbuig tn`kmío mofbuyj fg`pgojotjs fg`g `noö`jtrgs, dbuiö`jtrgs, mocmfncgrjs cj omvjb y smstj`ns cj fgotrgb.

;< Tîbvubns bmkjrncgrns cj prjsmöo Bgs tnoqujs nb`nfjoncgrjs y tukjràns cjkjo tjojr smstj`ns quj bmkjrjo bn prjsmöo jo fnsg cj jxfjcjr fmjrtgs omvjbjs. Jxmstjo fnsgs jo quj dnbbno bgs rjhubncgrjs cj prjsmöo, y uo mofrj`jotg cj prjsmöo pujcj hjojrnr jxfjsgs cj prjsmöo og cjsjnkbjs tnotg jo jb tnoquj fg`g jo bns vîbvubns. Ncj`îs, mocjpjocmjotj cjb tmpg cj fg`pgojotj utmbmzncg pnrn bmkjrnr jxfjsg cj prjsmöo, sj cjkj fgosmcjrnr jb îrjn cgocj jstî mostnbncg pnrn `mom`mznr bns dujotjs pgtjofmnbjs cj mhomfmöo y jspnfmgs pnrn jvmtnr nfu`ubnfmöo cj amcröhjog. Cjtjftgrjs cj amcröhjog Dujrn cjb smstj`n cj amcröhjog, jstgs fg`pgojotjs cjtjftno bn prjsjofmn cj amcröhjog hnsjgsg g pgtjofmnbjs bbn`ns prgcuftg cj amcröhjog. Hjojrnb`jotj sj ukmfno jo sjftgrjs fgo pgtjofmnbjs duhns g nfu`ubnfmöo cj amcröhjog. MVG ;4>3; cjtnbbn bgs rjqujrm`mjotgs npbmfnkbjs n cjtjffmöo cj amcröhjog. Gtrgs fg`pgojotjs Gtrgs fg`pgojotjs prjsjotjs jo cmstmotgs smstj`ns cj amcröhjog sgo bgs fgovjrtmcgrjs fntnbàtmfgs y `j`krnons cj sjpnrnfmöo utmbmzncgs pnrn rj`gvjr jb jxfjsg cj amcröhjog. \nrn nfgocmfmgonr jb amcröhjog bgs prmofmpnbjs fg`pgojotjs utmbmzncgs sgo bgs dmbtrgs, motjrfn`kmncgrjs cj fnbgr, jodrmncgrjs y rncmncgrjs. U>P MVG >:=>4 Uo>P Jo ogr`n MVG >:=>4 og sj pbnotjn jstn jtnpn.

Jxmhjofmns pnrtmfubnrjs pnrtmfubnrjs rjbntmvns nb amcröhjog Bn fg`kmonfmöo jotrj bns fnrnftjràstmfns dmsmfgquà`mfns cjb A; y bns fgocmfmgojs cj gpjrnfmöo cj bgs smstj`ns

;>

cj A; hjojrno cmstmotgs rmjshgs pgtjofmnbjs jo bgs quj `nqumonrmn j mostnbnfmöo mo`jrsgs. Vm jb smstj`n cj amcröhjog utmbmzn A; fg`prm`mcg g utmbmzn A;gpjrncgr, bàqumcg, jstg cjtjr`monrî jb hrncgsj cjvjo r mjshgs rmjshgs prjsjotjs jo bn mostnbnfmöo y bns jxmhjofmns cj sjhurmcnc ojfjsnrmns pnrn nsjhurnr uon gpjrnfmöo fgo hrno pnrtj cj sus rmjshgs fgotrgbncgs. N fgotmounfmöo, bgs prmofmpnbjs rmjshgs pnrn jb pjrsgonb j mostnbnfmgojs jo duofmöo cj bns prgpmjcncjs dmsmfgquà`mfns y cj fg`kustmöo cjb amcröhjog Urjd9 MVG >:.=>4 fnp 4 y 8.P9

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;8

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

Modbn`nkmbmcnc - Jdjftgs tír`mfgs - Jdjftgs cj prjsmöo - Dnfmbmcnc cj mhomfmöo n cmdjrjotjs fgofjotrnfmgojs @gbífubn cj tn`nþg pjqujþg - Knin vmsfgsmcnc - Nbtn tnsn cmdusmöo - Nbtn dbgtnkmbmcnc Motjrnffmöo fgo `ntjrmnbjs (Drnhmbmznfmöo) (Drnhmbmznfmöo) [mjshgs cj nsdmxmn [mjshgs nsgfmncgs n nb`nfjon`mjotg - Nbtns prjsmgojs cj hns - Knins tj`pjrnturns jo fnsg cj A; bàqumcg - Gtrgs fg`g `jtnbjs amcrurgs ;> Js ojfjsnrmg fgosmcjrnr jstgs jdjftgs prgcuftg cj bns fnrnftjràstmfns prgpmns cjb A;, tnotg pnrn bns pjrsgons fg`g pnrn bns mostnbnfmgojs y jqumpgs. \gr jstn rnzöo bns jxmhjofmns quj tgcg cmsjþg cjkj fu`pbmr pnrn nsjhurnr uon gpjrnfmöo fgodmnkbj y sjhurn sj knsno jo9 jbm`monr, prjvjomr, jvmtnr, `mtmhnr g nfjptnr bgs rmjshgs nsgfmncgs n trnvís cj bns smhumjotjs fgosmcjrnfmgojs9

@mom`mznr jb jrrgr au`nog Vjbjffmgonr uo `ntjrmnb fg`pntmkbj fgo bns fnrnftjràstmfns y fgocmfmgojs cj gpjrnfmöo cjb amcröhjog Fgosmcjrnfmgojs pnrn gpjrnfmöo fgo knins tj`pjrnturns Fgosmcjrnfmgojs cjkmcg n bn drnhmbmznfmöo cj `ntjrmnb pgr amcröhjog Fgosmcjrnfmgojs cjkmcg n bn cmdusmöo cjb amcröhjog \rjvjomr jxfjsg cj prjsmöo Nsjhurnr jb kujo duofmgon`mjotg cj fg`pgojotjs cj `jcmfmöo, rjhubnfmöo y fgotrgb. Fgosmcjrnr Fgosmcjr nr `notjom`mjotgs y bm`pmjzn cj smstj`ns y fg`pgojotjs Fgosmcjrnr Fgosmcjr nr bns cmdjrjotjs fgocmfmgojs cj gpjrnfmöo jo jb jotgrog `mojrg

VJ[TMFMG ONFMGONB CJ HJGBGHÀN HJGBGHÀN ] @MOJ[ÀN | ;1

 

HZÀN CJ M@\BJ@JOSNFMÖO CJ \MBGSGV ] TNBMCNFMÖO CJ SJFOGBGHÀNV  ^ZJ ZSMBMYNO AMC[ÖHJOG FG@G FG@KZVSMKBJ JO @MOJ[ÀN.

1. KMKBMGH[NDÀN >. Motjrontmgonb Vtnocnrc Grhnomzntmgo. (;:). MVG >:.=>4, Knsmf fgosmcjrntmgos dgr taj Vndjty gd Aycrghjo Vystj`s. ;. OD\N Vtnocnrs. (;