Guia de Aprendizaje PC

 

HKP_E@^CCHEK Nstn trfofbe sn rnflhzó cek nl ahk `n fprnk`nr cf`f ukf `n lfs pfrtns `n lf ceiputf`erf, `ek`n vnrnies ukf preauk`hzfchók iæs fvfkzf`f `n lfs pfrtns nxtnrkfs ceie `n lfs pfrtns hktnrkfs cek sus aukchekns y cfrfctnrésthcfs, cf`f pukte `nsfrrellf`e trfn ukf fcthvh`f` `hanrnktn, lf cufl kes  pnrihtn fahfkzfr les cekechihnktes rnqunrh`es pfrf pfr f hrlf `nsfrrellfk`e.

DAZH-A-:68

 

3.?.  Fcthvh Fcthvh`f`ns `f`ns `n cektnxtu cektnxtuflhzf flhzfchók chók n h`nkth h`nkthahcfch ahcfchók ók `n cekechi cekechihnktes hnktes kncnsfrhes pfrf nl fprnk`hzfbn.) Nk lfs niprnsfs, hksthtuchekns y kunstrfs cfsfs pfrf qun les nquhpes `n cóipute nstèk nk ópthifs cek`hchekns, sn lns `non rnflhzfr cek rndulfrh`f` ifktnkhihnktes pfrf qun su vh`f sn prelekdun, ns fsé ceie sn mfcn kncnsfrhe qun uthlhcnies lfs kerifs, precn`hihnktes y nlninktes kncnsfrhes  pfrf nl `nsfrrelle `n uk ounk ifktnkhihnkte. 3.?.6. 3.?. 6. Nst Nsthif hif`e `e fprnk` fprnk`hz, hz, le hkvht hkvhtee f qun cektnxt cektnxtufl uflhcn hcn lf lnctu lncturf rf seorn Hktre`uc Hktre`ucchó chókk f les ceiput cei putf`er f`erns ns pnrs pnrsekfl ekflns. ns. @nl cfpét cfpétule ule 6 `n Htn Htnssnk ssnkthf thfls ls (`ecui (`ecuinkt nktee f`bukt f`bukte) e) y cektnstn lfs shduhnktns hkquhntu`ns. @n lf ihsif ifknrf nk nl @rhvn ceipfrte ukf cfrpntf

@non f`buktfrle fl `rhvn e Pnrrhterhui. _nflhcn ukf ceksultf seorn les shduhnktns tnifs2

µVuè uè ns uk ceiput f`er5 r5 pfrf afchlhtfrkes lf vh`f, puns su aukchók sn ofsf nk _tf2 ns 6. ukf µV iæquhkf quncei nstæputf`e `hsnöf`f rnchohr, flifcnkfr y precnsfr lf hkaerifchók `n ukf aerif ifs òthl, nk nstn nquhpe sn rnflhzf tfrnfs, trfofbes, su uthlhzfchók ns uthl pfrf ceknctfrkes y ceiukhcfrkes cek etrfs pnrsekfs, shrvn tfiohèk pfrf trfofbfr, ntc. ?. µCu µCuæln ælnss sek lfs pfrt pfrtns ns `nl `nl ceiputf ceiputf`er `er55 _tf2 thnkn `es pfrtns auk`finktflns lfs cuflns sek2 nl mfrwfrn qun ns lf pfrtn aéshcf `nl ceiputf`er ceie ns nl iekhter, lf cpu, lf ups, nl ieusn, nl tnclf`e y nl etre ns nl seatwfrn qun ns lf pfrtn `hdhtfl e predrfifchók, ns `nchr ns nl shstnif epnrfthve `n lf ceiputf`erf. µVuè è ns uk ukrhdh`f dfo dfohkn hkntn yq qun un thpes thles pesceipeknktns nnxhst xhstnk5 nk5 `nl pc, nk pecfs pflforfs ns lf cfbf `n _tf2 sek3.lf µVu nstructurf quntnpretndn lf ceiputf`erf, 0. µVu µVuèè ns lf lf aun aunktn ktn `n `n pe pe`nr `nr y cói cóiee auk aukche chekf5 kf5 _tf2 nstf pfrtn `nl ceiputf`er trfksaerif lf cerrhnktn nlèctrhcf fltnrkf nk ukf cerrhnktn nlèctrhcf cekthkuf, nk lf cufl trfksihtn lf cerrhnktn nlèctrhcf hiprnkschk`holn pfrf nl ounk aukchefihnkte >. µVun ns lf Iet IetmnrOefr mnrOefr` ` e tfr tfrbntf bntf if`rn5 if`rn5 µInkchekn µInkchekn sus pfrt pfrtns ns y cei ceiee ns su aukchekfihnkte5 _tf2 Ns ukf tfrbntf `n chrcuhte hiprnse f hiprnse f lf qun sn ceknctfk les ceipeknktns qun ceksthtuynk lf ceiputf`erf ceiputf`erf u  u er`nkf`er. Phnkn hkstflf`es ukf snrhn `n chrcuhtes hktndrf`es hktndrf`es,, nktrn les qun sn nkcunktrf nl chrcuhte hktndrf`e fuxhlhfr , qun shrvn ceie cnktre `n ceknxhók nktrn DAZH-A-:68

 

nl ihcreprecnsf`er , lf inierhf `n fccnse flnfterhe flnfterhe (_FI),  (_FI), lfs rfkurfs `n nxpfkshók nxpfkshók y  y etres `hspeshthves. Qf hkstflf`f `nktre `n ukf cfbf e dfohkntn qun per le dnknrfl nstæ mncmf `n cmfpf y thnkn uk  pfknl pfrf ceknctfr `hspeshthves nxtnrkes y iucmes cekncterns hktnrkes y zócfles pfrf pf rf hkstflfr ceipeknktns `nktre `n lf cfbf. ZF_PNS @N LF PF_BNPF IF@_N               

Cekncterns sftf(snrhfl f`vfkcn` tncmkeledy fttfcminkt) Cekncterns `n flhinktfchók _fkurfs `n inierhf Rócfle `nl precnsf`er  Zunrtes ps/?(pnrsekfl systni ?) (ieusn y tnclf`e) Zunrtes QDF(vh`ne drfpmhcs frrfy) Zunrte pfrflnle Zunrtes Cekncteruso `n rn` _B0> Pfrbntf `n fu`he Lf ohes(ofshc hkput/eutput systni) Zunrtes ZCH Oftnréf  Kertmorh`dn Seutmorh`dn

1. µVu µVuèè sek les les pre precnsf cnsf`er `erns ns y qun i ifrc frcfs fs nxh nxhstnk stnk55 _tf2 sek lfs phnzfs `n lf ceiputf`erf nkcfrdf`fs `n `hrhdhr y ceer`hkfr les `hvnrses ceipeknktns `n lf ceiputf`erf (e `n etres fpfrftes qun les pesnnk), sek ihcrecmhps qun cektrelfk te`fs lfs tfrnfs `n lf ceiputf`erf

6.- Cern ? `ue2 nxpnrhinktfræ uk rnk`hihnkte rnveluchekfrhe, ukf alnxhohlh`f` `n shstnif hkcrnéoln y ukf nahchnkchf nknrdèthcf hksupnrfoln. ^k rnk`hihnkte iuy, iuy drfk`n. Iæs nahchnkchf nknrdèthcf. Fmerf `hspekholn nk nkcfpsulf`es iæs pnqunöes. Nl nquhpe `n seorninsf ofsf`e nk nl precnsf`er Hktnl Cern ? @ue sn mf `hsnöf`e `ns`n cnre Zrecnsf`er HKPNL Cern ? @ue N=1::2  

Secgnt LDF44>  Kòinre `n kòclnes2 ? DAZH-A-:68

 

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Arncunkchf2 3.33 DMz ASO 6333 IMz Drfof`e :.:0>¾ Inierhf cfcmè L? 1Io 1> vfthes

?.- FI@ Ftmlek 10 @ufl Cern2 * Qhrtuflhzfchók FI@, uthlhzfchók shiultæknf `n `hanrnktns shstnifs epnrfthves, dnsthók hk`npnk`hnktn, ihdrfchók shiplhahcf`f

FI@ Ftmlek 10 0=::+ ]? @eoln kòclne - Secgnt FI? 80: – Kòclne Thk`ser -?,> DMz Cfrfctnrésthcfs prhkchpflns2     

Aerifte `nl precnsf`er2 FI? Cektrelf`er `n inierhf2 @@_? Pnckeledéf FI@ Ceel&Vuhnt2 rn`ucn nl ruh`e `nl shstnif `n vnkthlfchók `nl precnsf`er  Pnckeledéf "SEH"2 nvhtf pèr`h`fs `n nknrdéf Ceipftholn cek @@_?

3.- FI@ FI@   Zrecnsf`er ZM ZMNKEI NKEI ]3    

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Phpe `n precnsf`er2 FI@ Zmnkei ]3 =0>: Pnckeledéf iulthpelfr2 Kòclne trhpln Ceiputfchók `n 10 ohts2 Sé Rócfle `n precnsf`er ceipftholn2 Secgnt FI?+ Cfkth`f` `n precnsf`erns2 6 Qnlech`f` rnleb2 ?.6 DMz Zrecnse `n aforhcfchók2 1> ki Inierhf cfcmè2 L? - 3 x >6? GO - L3 ? IO Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Pnckeledéf MypnrPrfkspert, tnckeledéf FI@10, Nkmfkcn` Qhrus Zretncthek, FI@ Ceel k Vuhnt Pncmkeledy, FI@ Qhrtuflhzfthek _fkurfs ceipftholns2 6 x precnsf`er - Secgnt FI?+

0.- FI@ Sniprek2

DAZH-A-:68

 

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Cfrfctnrhsthcfs2 FI@ Sniprek ?1::+ 6.= DMz inierhf rfi >6?io tfrbntf drfahcf kQh`hf DnAercn A] >?:: 6?= io tfrbntf `n sekh`e rnfltng fc84 hiprnserf tfrbntf `n tv fkfledhcf tnclf`e y rftek cek Thk`ews xp preanshekfl erhdhkfl kunvf hkstflfchók e fctufl `hsce `ure =: DO shk pfktfllf e cek pfktfllf. Cek pfktfllf 848€ eaahcn ?::4, fkthvhrus, nkcfrtf ?::4 y fltfvecns Bundes2 Qhrtuf Pnkkhs,Les Shis ?,Les Shis ? Pe`e Dlfieur, Les Shis ? Fornk Kndeches,^naf Nure ?::0, Kof Lhvn ?::3 y ?::>,Ree Pyceek,Shi Chty 0,A6 ?::?,Mfrry Zettnr y lf cfifrf sncrntf,Dfrahnl`,Ahaf ?::>,Nkdlhsm Zlus (hkafkthl),Zhkd Zekd 3@,]-Zlfkn4,Ceioft Alhdmt Shiulfter,Zre Nveluthek Seccnr >,Zftrhchfk HHH Hipnrhe `n les ifrns erhdhkflns y aukchekfk cek nl nquhpe cektfctfr cek2 =>16?3341 e 10164>460.

4. µV µVuè uè nnss lf in inie ierh rhff _F _FI Iy_ _EI EI55 _tf2 Lf _FI ns lf inierhf `n fccnse flnfterhe ( _fk`ei  _fk`ei Fccnss Iniery). Nk lf _FI sn cfrdfk te`fs lfs hkstrucchekns qun nbncutf nl precnsf`er, f`niæs `n etrfs ukh`f`ns. Ns `n fccnse flnfterhe, perqun pun`n lnnr e nscrhohr nk ukf peshchók `n inierhf. ^k precnse qun `npnk`hnk`e `nl precnsf`er y `n lf _FI, pe`nies mfcnr iæs e inkes ræph`e (ceie per nbniple forhr fplhcfchekns). Lf _EI ns lf inierhf `n sele lncturf (_nf` Ekly Iniery), cfpfz `n flifcnkfr hkstrucchekns y `ftes `n aerif pnrifknktn. Lf prhkchpfl `hanrnkchf cek lf inierhf _FI, nstæ nk qun lf _FI ns `n lncturf y nscrhturf y lf _EI, ns `n sele lncturf. Etrf `hanrnkchf, nstæ nk qun nk nl cfse `n lf _EI, les `ftes qun nstèk flifcnkf`es ke `nsfpfrncnk kh sn phnr`nk nk nl cfse `n qun sn vfyf lf luz e sn fdetn lf oftnréf (per nbniple), ns uk thpe `n inierhf ke velæthl.

=. µVuè ssek ek lfs ukh`f` ukh`f`ns ns `n fl flifcnkf ifcnkfihnkte ihnkte nk ZCS y qun tthpes hpes nnxhstnk5 xhstnk5

DAZH-A-:68

 

_tf2 Sek ceipeknktns qun lnnk e nscrhonk `ftes nk in`hes e sepertns `n flifcnkfihnkte, y  buktes cekaerifk lf inierhf e flifcnkfihnkte sncuk`frhe sncuk`fr he `nl er`nkf`er, mfy nstes thpes2  

@hsce `ure

 

^kh`f` `n C@-_EI e "lncterf“

 

^kh`f` `n C@-_T "drfof`erf“ Lncter `n tfrbntfs `n inierhf

 

Inierhf alfsm.

 

8. µVu µVuèè sek les les cfo cfolns lns hhktnr ktnrkes kes y qu qunn thp thpes es nxh nxhstnk stnk55 _tf2 sek hktnrafcns pfrf ceknctfr `hspeshthves in`hfktn cfolns. Dnknrflinktn thnknk uk nxtrnie ifcme cek clfvhbfs qun seornsflnk  

Cekncter Onrd

 

Cekncter Ielnx

 

Cekncter SFPF

 

Cekncter FP]

6:. µVuè sek les punr punrtes tes y ceie h`nkth h`nkthahcfrl ahcfrles5 es5 _tf2 Sek mnrrfihnktfs `n ceiukhcfchók qun pnrihtnk ifknbfr n hktnrcfiohfr `ftes nktrn uk ceiputf`er Zunrte snrhn Zunrte pfrflnle Zunrte ^SO Zunrtes `n Fu`he Fkflódhce. _CF Zunrte QDF Zunrte @QH Zunrte M@IH Zunrte S/Z@AH Zunrte AhrnThrn

DAZH-A-:68

 

e

@ecuinkte f`bukte nk p`a2 “hktre`ucchók f lfs ceiputf`erfs pnrsekflns.’

3.3.6. _nflhzfr lf `nscrhpchók `n cf`f ceipeknktn, inkchekn su aukchók, cfrfctnrésthcfs tèckhcfs prhkchpflns. Keiorn2 CZ^ Ns nl ceipeknktn prhkchpfl `n lf ceiputf`erf, `ek`n preperchekf lfs cfrfctnrésthcfs auk`finktflns `nl er`nkf`e, nk nl hktnrher `n uk dfohkntn `n ceiputf`erf, vnrfs cfolns y cekncterns ynk`e y vhkhnk`e `n uk lf`e f etre

Cfrfctnrésthcf Ns ukf ukh`f` cnktrfl `n precnsfihnkte e shiplninktn nl precnsf`er e ihcreprecnsf`er, ns nl ceipeknktn `nl ceiputf`er y etres `hspeshthves  predrfifolns, qun hktnrprntf lfs hkstrucchekns cektnkh`fs nk les  predrfifs y precnsf les `ftes. ZF_PNS @N LF CZ^ @hsce @ure Inierhf _FI Pfrbntf if`rn Aunktn `n pe`nr  Zrecnsf`er  Pfrbntf `n vh`ne ^kh`f` ópthcf Keiorn2 PF_BNPF IF@_N Ns ukf tfrbntf `n chrcuhte hiprnse hiprnse f  f lf qun sn ceknctfk les ceipeknktns qun ceksthtuynk lf ceiputf`erf ceiputf`erf u  u er`nkf`er.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Phnkn hkstflf`es ukf snrhn `n chrcuhtes hktndrf`es, hktndrf`es, nktrn les qun sn nkcunktrf nl chrcuhte hktndrf`e fuxhlhfr , qun shrvn ceie cnktre `n ceknxhók nktrn nl ihcreprecnsf`er , lf inierhf `n fccnse flnfterhe (_FI), flnfterhe  (_FI), lfs rfkurfs `n nxpfkshók nxpfkshók y  y etres `hspeshthves.

DAZH-A-:68

 

Qf hkstflf`f `nktre `n ukf cfbf e dfohkntn qun per le dnknrfl nstæ mncmf `n cmfpf y thnkn uk pfknl pfrf ceknctfr `hspeshthves nxtnrkes y iucmes cekncterns hktnrkes y zócfles pfrf hkstflfr ceipeknktns `nktre `n lf cfbf. ZF_PNS @N LF PF_BNPF IF@_N         

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Cekncterns sftf(snrhfl f`vfkcn` tncmkeledy fttfcminkt) Cekncterns `n flhinktfchók _fkurfs `n inierhf Rócfle `nl precnsf`er  Zunrtes ps/?(pnrsekfl systni ?) (ieusn y tnclf`e) Zunrtes QDF(vh`ne drfpmhcs frrfy) Zunrte pfrflnle Zunrtes uso Cekncter `n rn` _B0> Pfrbntf `n fu`he Lf ohes(ofshc hkput/eutput systni) Zunrtes ZCH Oftnréf  Kertmorh`dn Seutmorh`dn

Keiorn2 Z_ECNSF@E_  sek lfs phnzfs `n lf ceiputf`erf nkcfrdf`fs `n `hrhdhr y ceer`hkfr les `hvnrses ceipeknktns `n lf ceiputf`erf (e `n etres fpfrftes qun les  pesnnk), sek ihcrecmhps qun cektrelfk te`fs lfs tfrnfs `n lf ceiputf`erf

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Lf té téph phcf cf uk ukh` h`f` f` `n pre precn cnsfi sfihn hnkt ktee nstæ nstæ `h `hvh vh`h `h`f `f nk vfrhf vfrhfss ukh`f ukh`f`ns `ns aukchekflns ceie2 cektrel, cflcule, e frhtièthcf, prn oòsqun`f ous y `nce`hahcfch `nce`h ahcfchók, ók, nstfs aukchekfk aukchekfk buktfs buktfs nk ukf ihsif léknf `n nksfiolfbn nksfiolfbn  pfrf ceiplntfr lf nbncuchók `n lfs hkstrucchekns `nl predrfif. pr edrfif.

6. ukh`f` `n cektrel7 fkflhzf y nbncutf cf`f hkstrucchók `nl predrfif, cektrelf lfs fcthvh`f`ns `n3l pnrhaèrhces.

DAZH-A-:68

 

?. ukh`f` `n frhtinthcf ledhcf7 rnflhzf ceipfrfchekns y cælcules, cuyes rnsultf`es sek trfksanrh`es f lf inierhf. 3. ukh`f` ukh`f` `n prnousqu prnousqun`f7 n`f7 hk hk`hc `hcff f lf `n ous qun lnf lf hkstrucc hkstrucchók hók flifcnkf`f nk ukf `hrncchók pfrthculfr `n lf inierhf. 0. ukh`f`y`nlfce`hahcfch ce`h ahcfchek7 lf hkstrucchó hkst rucchókk pfrf lné`fnlper lf ukh`f`hktnrke `n prn  oòsqun`f trf`ucn fek7 uk teif aerifte fprephf`e precnsf`er `n lf cpu.

Keiorn2 INIE_HF _FI Lf inierhf _FI ns ukf inierhf qun sn cfrfctnrhzf per snr velæthl, `n `nsfp sfpfr frnc ncnn cu cufk fk`e `e fp fpfd fdfi fies es nl er`nk er`nkf` f`er. er. Fl ce cekt ktrfr rfrhe he qu qunn ns nstf tf inierhf, les `ftes flifcnkf`es nk nl `hsce `ure pnrifkncnk cufk`e fpfdfies kunstre shstnif

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Lecflhzfchók Hktnrkf (sn nkcunktrf nk lf tfrbntf if`rn) Cfpfch`f` Nstf vfrhf `nl thpe `n inierhf qun sn uthlhcn nk lf fctuflh`f` sn pun`nk nkcektrfr inierhfs qun flcfkzf mfstf 6 Do. `n inierhf Iète`e `n fccnse Lf _FI ns ukf inierhf `n fccnse flnfterhe. Nste shdkhahcf qun ukf pflforf e oytn sn pun`n nkcektrfr `n aerif `hrnctf, shk tnknr nk cu cunk nktf tf le less oytns oytns fl flif ifcn cnkf` kf`es es fk fktn tnss e `nspuè `nspuèss `n `h `hcm cmff pflfo pflforf rf (fl ce cekt ktrf rfrh rhee qu qunn lf lfss in inie ierh rhfs fs nk ch chkt ktf, f, qu qunn rn rnqu quhn hnrn rnkk `n uk fc fccn cnse se sncunkchfl). F`niæs, lf _FI pnrihtn nl fccnse pfrf lncturf y nscrhturf `n hkaerifchók. Arncunkchf Sn `nkeihkf fsé f lf vnlech`f` `n lf inierhf qun sn ih`n nk Mnrtz (Mz). 0

Keiorn2 @HSCE @^_E uk `hsce `ure e `hsce rédh`e (nk hkdlès Mfr` @hsg @rhvn, M@@) ns uk `hspeshthve `n flifcnkfihnkte `n `ftes ke velæthl qun niplnf uk shstnif `n drfofchók ifdkèthcf pfrf flifcnkfr `ftes `hdhtflns.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Phnkn uk thnipe in`he `n fccnse qun ns nl thnipe in`he qun tfr`f lf fdubf nk celecfrsn nk lf phstf y nk nl sncter qun sn `nsnf celecfr. Phnkn uk thnipe in`he `n oòsqun`f, le cufl sn rnahnrn fl thnipe qun sn teif nl `hsce nk celecfrsn nk lf phstf `nsnf`f. Phnipe `n lncturf/nscrhturf qun ns nl thnipe in`he qun ln teif fl `hsce DAZH-A-:68

 

nk lnnr e nscrhohr ukf kunvf hkaerifchók. Phnkn lftnkchf in`hf qun sn rnahnrn fl thnipe in`he qun ln teif f lf fdubf nk uohcfrsn nk nl sncter qun sn kncnshtf. Zesnn ukf f`ncuf`f vnlech`f` `n retfchók. Cunktf cek ukf tfsf `n trfksanrnkchf qun ns lf vnlech`f` cek lf qun sn  pun`n trfslf`fr lf hkaerifchók f lf ceiputf`erf. Cfcmè `n phstf. Hktnrafz. Lfk`z qun ns lf zekf `ek`n les cfonzflns `nscfksfk cek lf ceiputf`erf fpfdf`f.

Keiorn2 A^NKPN @N ZE@N_  ns uk ceipeknktn nlnctrókhce qun sn nkcfrdf `n fofstncnr `n nlnctrhch`f` fl ceiputf`er. Nk uk snkth`e nstrhcte, nl keiorn iæs f`ncuf`e ns nl `n trfksaerif`er, trfksae rif`er, perqun trfksaerif lf cerrhnktn cerrhnktn fltnrkf fltnrkf nk cerrhnktn `hrnctf y ofbf nl veltfbn `n les velthes qun ns nl kncnsfrhe pfrf nl ceiputf`er y sus ceipeknktns.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Cunktf cek uk hktnrrupter incækhce pfrf nkcnk`nr y fpfdfr. Fmerf nlnctrhch`f` fl iæxhie, sn pun`n eprhihr nl oetók pfrf certfr lf nknrdéf. Nk fldukes ie`nles,nlmfy uk cekncter cuflns nstæk `hrhdh`es iekhter C_P. mniorf cek trns tnrihkflns, les Sn pun`n niplnfr nk ihcreprecnsf`erns fkthdues y nk nquhpes ie`nrkes.

Keiorn2 ^KH@F@ C@-_EI Les C@-_EI y @Q@-_EI pnrihtnk drfk cfpfch`f` `n flifcnkfihnkte `n `ftes, y sn mfk cekvnrth`e cek drfk rfph`nz nk nl in`he `n nlncchók  pfrf lf `hstrhouchók `n seatwfrn. ... .. . Lf ifyer pfrtn `n lfs ukh`f`ns `n C@_EI _E I y @Q@@Q@-_E _EI I se sekk ce ceka kaer erin inss ce cekk nl pr pret etec ecel elee SCSH SCSH (S (Sif ifll ll Ceiputnr Systni Hktnrafcn).

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Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Nstf chrcukstfkchf pnrihtn uthlhzfr `hanrnktns tfiföes y aeriftes. Les C@ `hspekholns nk inrcf`e thnknk `hanrnktns aerifs tfiföes y cfpfch`f`ns. Lfs iæs ceiukns sek lfs shduhnktns2 6?: ii (`hæintre) cek ukf `urfchók `n 40-=: ihkutes `n fu`he y 1>:4::IO `n `ftes. 6?: ii (`hæintre) cek ukf `urfchók `n 8:-6:: ihkutes `n fu`he y =::=4>IO `n `ftes. =: ii (`hæintre), qun aunrek hkhchflinktn `hsnöf`es pfrf C@ shkdlns. Nstes pun`nk flifcnkfr ukes ?6 ihkutes `n iòshcf e ?6:IO `n `ftes. Pfiohèk sek cekech`es ceie Ihkh-C@ Keiorn2  ^SO 3. 3.::, LFK X Z^N_PES D_ÆAHCES @N LF CEIZ^PF@E_F _nflinktn, nl 8:% `n lf cekncthvh`f` nxtnrkf `n lfs plfcfs ofsn sn nkcunktrf nk nstn pfknl trfsnre, yf qun nl rnste `n punrtes qun pe`rnies nkcektrfr per aunrf nk uk ZC vfk ceknctf`es f punrtes hktnrkes `n lf  plfcf.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 ZS/?2 nstn punrte nstæ nk `nsuse y cf`f vnz inkes plfcfs ofsn cunktfk yf cek èl. ^SO 3.:2 `n seorf cekech`e, sn `hanrnkchfk `n les ^SO ?.: y 6.6 nk qun sek `n celer fzul. @-S^O e QDF2 ns ukf sflh`f `n vé`ne pfrf ceknctfr uk iekhter. @QH2 pun`n snr @ufl Lhkg (@QH-@L) e ke. Hdufl qun nl fktnrher, ns etrf sflh`f `n vé`ne pfrf ceknctfr nl iekhter. Epthcfl @hdhtfl Fu`he Eutput (S/Z@HA)2 shrvn pfrf ceknctfr shstnifs `n fu fu`h `hee `h `hdh dhtf tfln lns. s. F `h `hanr anrnk nkch chff `n lf ce cekn knxh xhók ók per ih ihkh khbf bfcg cgs, s, se sele le ns kncnsfrhe uk òkhce cfoln pfrf qun aukchekn. M@IH2 `n seorf cekech`e perqun ns nl ifyer nstæk`fr mey nk `éf, shrvn ceie sflh`f `n vé`ne pfrf ceknctfr uk iekhter, pnre tfiohèk pun`n snrvhr   pfrf fldukes shstnifs `n fu`he.

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@hsplfyZert2 etrf sflh`f `n vé`ne f lf qun pe`rnies ceknctfr uk iekhter. ^SO ?.:2 ceie mnies `hcme fktns, f `hanrnkchf `n les ^SO 3.: qun sek fzulns, èstes sek kndres pfrf pe`nr `hanrnkchfrles. nSFPF2 nSF PF2 flduke fldukess `hsces `hsces `ure `uress nxtnrke nxtnrkess te`fvé te`fvéff uthlhz uthlhzfk fk nstn nstn th thpe pe `n cekncter, qun ke ns shke «Nxtnrkfl SFPF·. Fctuflinktn nstæ nk `nsuse. DoN LFK2 LFK Dhdfoht Ntmnrknt, vf nklfzf`e f lf tfrbntf `n rn` `n lf  plfcf ofsn, y fmé ns `ek`n `nonrnies ceknctfr nl reutnr cek uk cfoln `n cekncter _B-0>. M@ Fu`he2 Fqué tnknies tnknies e ohnk sele `es cekncterns e ohnk snhs, y shrvnk  pfrf ceknctfr `hspeshthves `n fu`he fkflódhces.

Keiorn2 CFOLN @N @FPES SFPF Ns ukf hktnrafz `n trfksanrnkchf `n `ftes nktrn lf plfcf ofsn y fldukes `hspeshthves (C@, @Q@, ntc). SFPF preperchekf ifyerns vnlech`f`ns y ifyer lekdhtu` `nl cfoln `n trfksihshók `n `ftes nktrn etres onknahches.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 ns ukf hktnrafz `n ous `n ceiputf`erfs pfrf lf trfksanrnkchf `n `ftes nktrn lf plfcf ofsn y fldukes `hspeshthves `n flifcnkfihnkte, ceie lf ukh`f` `n `hsce `ure, lncterf y drfof`erf `n `hsces ópthces (ukh`f` `n `hsce ópthce)

Keiorn2 O^S @N @FPES  pnrihtn lf ceknxhók lódhcf nktrn `hsthktes suoshstnifs `n uk shstnif `hdhtf `hd htfl, l, nkvhfk`e nkvhfk`e `ft `ftes es nktrn nktrn `hspesh `hspeshthv thves es `n `hs `hsthk thktes tes ór`n ór`nkns2 kns2 `ns`n `ns`n `n `nkt ktre re `n le less ih ihsi sies es ch chrc rcuh uhte tess hk hktn tndrf drf`e `es, s, mfstf mfstf nquhp nquhpes es `h `hdh dhtf tfln lnss ceiplntes qun aerifk pfrtn `n supnrceiputf`erfs

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2

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^k ous sn cfrfctnrhzf per lf cfkth`f` `n hkaerifchók qun sn trfksihtn nk aerif shiultfknf. Nstn veluink sn nxprnsf nk ohts y cerrnspek`n fl kuinre `n lhknfs aéshcfs in`hfktn lfs cuflns sn nkvéf hkaerifchók `n aerif shiultfknf. ^k cfoln plfke `n 3? mhles pnrihtn lf trfsihshók `n 3?  ohts nk pfrflnle. Nl tnrihke `n "fkcme" sn uthlhzf pfrf `nshdkfr nl kuinre `n ohts qun uk ous pun`n trfksihthr shiultæknfinktn.

Keiorn2 CEKNCPE_ ZS/? Z^N_PES X CEKNCPE_NS niplnf`f pfrf ceknctfr tnclf`es y rftekns

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Hktnrafz2 Hktnrafz ^SO 6.6 y 6.:. Nstæk`frns2 Pnclf`e y rftók ZS?. Ceipfthohlh`f` cek shstnifs2 Thk`ews® =.6, =, 4, Qhstf, ]Z Ifc ES® 6:.0-6:.8. Lekdhtu` `nl cfoln2 33.= ci (63 puldf`fs) Hk`hcf`er `n aushl2 ?=/?0 FTD. Dfif `n `ftes2 6.> Iops. Ceksuie nlèctrhce2 >:: iF (iæx) Znse2 0> d. (6.>8 ekzfs)

Keiorn2 CFOLN @N @FPES ns, nsnkchflinktn, cuflquhnr thpe `n in`he cfpfz `n trfkspertfr ukf snöfl  ohkfrhf `n ceiukhcfchók nlèctrhcf. Les `ftes ohkfrhes sek ukf snrhn `n ukes y cnres qun sn nkvéfk ceie snöfl nlèctrhcf nktrn `es ludfrns.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 ns nl nkcfrdf`e `n llnvfr te`es les `ftes qun usuflinktn trfkshtfk per ukf rn`, shnk`e nl iæs uthlhzf`e nk lfs hkstflfchekns nstæk`fr nl `nkeihkf`e ceie “Cruzf`e’. Sh ohnk nk lf fctuflh`f` lfs rn`ns hkflæiorhcfs nstæk cf`f vnz iæs nxtnk`h`fs, le chnrte ns qun lfs rn`ns in`hfktn cfolns ea earnc rncnk nk vnktf vnktfbf bfss qun lf lfss rn`ns rn`ns TLFK TLFK per nl iein ieinkt ktee ke pu pun`n n`nkk flcfkzfr, ceie lfrdfs `hstfkchfs y nstfr lhorns `n hktnranrnkchfs.

Keiorn2 Z^N_PES (NKP_F@FS)

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Nl punrte sn `nahkn ceie nl ludfr `ek`n les `ftes nktrfk e sflnk e fiofs cesfs. Sn `nkeihkfk “punrtes `n nktrf`f/sflh`f" (e fornvhf`e punrtes N/S) y sek hktnrafcns pfrf ceknctfr `hspeshthves in`hfktn cfolns.

Cfrfctnrésthcfs2 Nl punrte hktndrf`e uk cekncter thpe @`nsuoihkhfturf `n ?>  pftfs nk nlpfrflnle pfknl pe pestnrher stnrher `nlusf shstnif. s hstnif. Nstn punrte N/S nkvéf `ftes ` ftes nk aerifte pfrflnle Les `es punrtes snrhn hktndrf`es usfk cekncterns thpe @ suoihkhfturf `n 8  pftfs nk nl pfknl pestnrher. Nstes punrtes sek ceipftholns cek `hspeshthves qun rnquhnrnk trfksihshók `n `ftes nk snrhn Z^N_PE ^SO Ns ukf frquhtncturf `n ous `nsfrrellf`f per lfs hk`ustrhfs `n ceiputf`erfs y tnlnceiukhcfchekns, qun pnrihtn hkstflfr pnrhaèrhces shk tnknr qun forhr lf ifquhkf pfrf hkstflfrln mfr`wfrn

3.3.?. Fcthvh`f`2 Sepf `n Lntrfs _nsunlvf lf sepf `n lntrf n h`nkthahqun lfs `hanrnktns pfrtns `n ukf ceiputf`erf (61 pfrtns). Nk nl shduhnktn nklfcn y f`buktf nl pfktfllfze cufk`e ahkflhcn.

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mttps2//ns.n`ucfplfy.cei/rncurses-n`ucfthves/16=0>:1-mfr`wfrnU`nUlfUceiputf`erf.mtil Shke thnkn hktnrknt _nflhcn nstf fcthvh`f` nk Ter` mfchnk`e use `n lfs tfolfs.

OFPN_HF OFPN _HF,, CF CF_C _CFS FSF, F, A^NK A^NKPN PN @N ZE ZE@N @N_, _, IN INIE IE_HF _HF _E _EI, I, IE IE^SN ^SN,, Z^N_ Z^N_PE PE ZF_FLNLE, PF_BNPF D_FAHCF, QNKPHLF@E_, OEF_@, @HSCE @^_E, INIE_HF _FI, IEKHPE_, Z_ECNSF@E_, Z^N_PE ^SO, PNCLF@E, RECFLE.

3.3.3. Nk lf Shduhnktn tfolf keiorfr lfs mnrrfihnktfs y nlninktes kncnsfrhes pfrf rnflhzfr nl `nsnksfioln y nksfioln `n ukf ceiputf`erf7 `hdf pfrf qun shrvn cek sus pflforfs. KEIO_N

µZF_F V^È LE ^PHLHRFS5 Ns ukf mnrrfihnktf qun cuh`f nl nquhpe, nk `ek`n sn

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Zulsnrf fkthnstæthcf

Flaeiorhllf fkthnstæthcf @nsterkhllf`er   plfke e `n pflf

ce ceknc knctf tf f th thnr nrrf rf cek nl cmfsh cmfshs. s. Ph Phnkn nkn ce ceie ie eo eobn bnth thve ve  prnvnkhr les `föes pre`uch`es per ukf `nscfrdf nlnctrestæthcf nk nl ceiputf`er. Zfrf nstf mnrrfihnktf fyu`f fl ceiputf`er, `ek`n hiph`n lf fcuiulfchók `n nlnctrhch`f` nstæthcf nk nl mfr`wfrn e nl tèckhce. Sn uthlhzf pfrf fprntfr e nksfkcmfr les terkhlles rfkurf`es

Sn uthlhzf pfrf fprntfr e nksfkcmfr les terkhlles nk cruz @nsterkhllf`er   pmhllhps Ph Phnk nknn ce ceie ie ah ahkk nl cf cfio iohe he pfrf pfrf le less `n `nst sterk erkhl hllf lf`e `erns rns Bundess `n puktf Bunde puktfss `npnk`hnk`e `nl terkhlle qun vfyfk f fprntfr e `nsfbustfr  `n `nsterkhllf`erns @nsterkhllf`er  nxfdekfl

Nstf mnrrfihnktf ns uthl pfrf fprntfr e nksfkcmfr lfs tunrcfs

Zhkzfs `n puktf `n Sn uthlhzfk pfrf sestnknr phnzfs pnqunöfs fdubf   Pnkfzfs

Nk nstf mnrrfihnktfs ns uthlhzfoln pfrf ifkhpulfr phnzfs  pnqunöfs

Iult Iu lthi hint ntre re `h `hdh dhtf tfll

X per ulthie ulthie nk ns nstf tf mn mnrrf rrfih ihnk nktf tfss lf ut uthl hlhz hzfi fies es pf pfrf rf nvflufr lf hktndrh`f` `n les chrcuhtes y lf cflh`f` `n lf nlnctrhch`f` nk les ceipeknktns `n lf ceiputf`erf

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3.0. Fcthvh`f`ns `n trfksanrnkchf `nl cekechihnkte. 3.0.6. Keiorfr y _nlfchekfr in`hfk in`hfktn tn ukf léknf léknf e alncmf cf`f Ceipeknktn Ceipeknktn `n lf Ceiputf`erf Ceiputf`erf cek su rnspncthve cekncter e peshchók nk lf Oefr`2 CEIZEKNKPNS N]PN_KES @N LF CEIZ^PF@E_F

6?30>14-

Iekhter  upc Cpu Ieusn Ofaln Hi Hipr prnnse serrf tnclf`e

3.0.?.

CEIZEKNKPNS HKPN_KES @N LF CEIZ^PF@E_F vnktlf`er

Cfolns `n `fes

Inierhf uso @hsce `ure

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Aunkn n pe`nr ^kh`f` `n c` y `v`

precnsf`er Inierhf rfi

Pfrbnf if`rn

3.0.3.

ZF_PNS @N LF OEF_@

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6?30>14=8-

tnclf`e ieusn zecfl zecflee ``nl nl pre precn cnsf` sf`er  er  rfku rfkurf rfss `n i ini nier erhf hf cekn cekncte cterns rns `n flh flhink inktfc tfchók hók kert kertmh mhoh ohr` r`dn dn cekn ceknct cter erns ns sftf sftf seut seutmh mhoh ohr` r`dn dn pch pch nnxp xprn rnss ss 61

6:- oft oftnré nréff 66- punrtes pch 6?- punrte nxprnss 63- tfrbn tfrbntf tf `n fu`he 60- ceknct cekncter er `n rn` 6>- punrtes uso 61-vdf 64- punrte pf pfrflnl rflnlee 6=-vdf

◅ Nsthif`e fprnk`hz lfs fcthvh`f`ns f nktrndfr sek2

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6. Lf fc fcth thvh vh`f `f`` 3.?.6 nk uk `ecuinkte Ter` cek lfs kerifs FZF. ?. Lf fc fcth thvh vh`f `f`` 3.3.6, 3.3.?, 3.3.3, 3.0.6 y 3.0.?, 3.0.3 nk etre `ecuinkte cek lfs kerifs FZF 3. Lunde nk ukf mebf nxf nxfink ink e nk cuflquhnr cuflquhnr mebf `non `houbfr `houbfr f ifke flzf`f y cek celerns2 Nl plfke `n punrtes, tfrbntf if`rn y ceipeknktns `n ukf ceiputf`erf. Nstf fcthvh`f` lf `non suohr fl @rhvn (nscfknf`f e aetes)

0. FCPHQH@F@NS @N NQFL^FCHÓK Nvh`nkchfs `n Fprnk nk` `hzfb fbnn Nvh`nkchfs Cekechihnkte 2

Crhtn tnrrhes `n `n Nvfl flu ufchók

Pèck èckhcfs n Hkst strruinkte tess `n Nvflufchók

`n

Nvh`nkchfs `n @nsnipnöe2

H`nkthahcf lfs Zfrtns Ceksthtuthvfs `n lf Pèckhcf `n Nvflufchók2 Nvh`nkchfs `n Zre`ucte2 Frquht Frq uhtnct ncturf urf `nl Nqu Nquhpe hpe `n ◅ @ecuinkte `n lf Fc Fcun unr`e r`e ce cekk lf lfss Aukch Aukchek ekns ns Hkstruinkte `n Nvflufchók2 fcthvh`f` 3.?.6. qun Cuiplnk nk lf Lhstf `n Qnrhahcfchók ◅ @ecuinkte `n lf Hktndrfchók `nl Mfr`wfrn. fcthvh`f` 3. 3.3. 3.6, 6, 3. 3.3. 3.?, ?, 3.3.3, 3.0.6 y 3.0.?. ◅ @hoube nscfknf`e e aetes.

>. DLESF_HE @N PÈ_IHKES Cektrelf`er2  Seatwfrn qun pnrihtn qun nl precnsf`er snf cfpfz `n ceiukhcfrsn cek uk  pnrhaèrhce `ntnrihkf`e. Cf`f vnz qun sn ceknctf uk pnrhaèrhce, ns kncnsfrhe hkstflfr nl cektrelf`er cektre lf`er cerrnspek`h cerrnspek`hnktn. nktn. Nl S.E. Thk`ews ]Z les hkstflf hkstflf `n aerif futeiæthcf futeiæthcf shniprn qun tnkdf les cektrelf`erns `hspekholns. Pfiohèk sn lns llfif @rhvnrs. CZ^2 ^kh`f` cnktrfl `n precnse `n uk er`nkf`er. Ns lf pfrtn f lf qun llndf lf hkaerifchók `ns`n les pnrhaèrhces `n nktrf`f, nbncutf lfs tfrnfs y `nvunlvn les rnsultf`es f les pnrhaèrhces `n sflh`f. @hsce @ure2  @hsce qun sn nkcunktrf nk nl hktnrher `n lf CZ^ y qun flifcnkf, tfkte lf hkaerifchók dnknrf`f per nl usufrhe, ceie les frcmhves kncnsfrhes pfrf qun les predrfifs aukcheknk. Sn ln h`nkthahcf per lf lntrf C nk nl shstnif epnrfthve, y sn ln sunln rnprnsnktfr per lfs hkhchflns M@ (mfr` `hsg). Su cfpfch`f` ns vfrhfoln, pnre nk lf fctuflh`f` ns `nl er`nk `n DO.

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@hsquntn2 @hsce qun pnrihtn flifcnkfr mfstf 6,00 IO `n hkaerifchók. Cf`f vnz sn usf inkes. Zfrf uthlhzfrle ns kncnsfrhe qun nl er`nkf`er `hspekdf `n `hsquntnrf. @Q@2  @hspeshthve `n flifcnkfihnkte nxtnrke nk aerif `n `hsce ópthce qun sóle pnrihtn lf lncturf `n `ftes (ke lf nscrhturf) nk kunstre nquhpe. Ns nl h`ókne pfrf flifcnkfr vé`ne, `f`e qun èstn rnquhnrn iucme nspfche y lf cfpfch`f` `n uk @Q@ ns `n 0,4 DO. Pfiohèk les mfy drfofolns y rndrfofolns. Aunktns `n Nknrdéf Hkhktnrruipholn (^ZS)2 Shstnif `n flhinktfchók hkhktnrruiph`f (SFH), nk hkdlès ukhktnrruptholn pewnr supply (^ZS), ns uk `hspeshthve qun drfchfs f sus oftnréfs u etres nlninkt nln inktes es fli flifcn fcnkf`e kf`erns rns `n nknr nknrdéf déf,, pun`n pun`n prep preperch erchekf ekfrr nknr nknrdéf déf nlèctr nlèctrhcf hcf per uk th thnip nipee lhihtf`e y `urfktn uk fpfdók nlèctrhce f te`es les `hspeshthves qun tnkdf ceknctf`es. Aunktns `n Nknrdéf `n _nsnrvf (SZS)2 Lfs aunktn aunktnss `n nknrdéf `n rnsnrvf (SZS, stfk`oy pewnr  supply) fyu`fk f pretndnr cektrf pesholns preolnifs `n nknrdéf nlèctrhcf in`hfktn ukf oftnréf `n rnsnrvf qun suihkhstrf nknrdéf cufk`e sn pre`ucn ukf cfé`f `nl veltfbn `n nktrf`f per `nofbe `nl khvnl kerifl. Mfr`wfrn2 Cuflquhnrf `n les nlninktes nlninktes aéshces qun ceipeknk uk er`nkf`er2 er`nkf`er2 `hsce `ure, plfcf  ofsn, tfrbntf dræahcf, punrtes, inierhfs, hiprnserfs, hiprnser fs, nscæknr, tnclf`e, ieusn, nktrn etres. etres . Inierhf _FI2 Zfrtn `n lf inierhf `n uk er`nkf`er nk lf qun èstn flifcnkf hkaerifchók `n ie`e tniperfl y futeiæthce pfrf pe`nr rnflhzfr sus epnrfchekns. Cufk`e fpfdfies nl nquhpe, nstf hkaerifchók sn oerrf, velvhèk`esn f cfrdfr lf inierhf _FI cek le kncnsfrhe fl nkcnk`nrle `n kunve. Lfs shdlfs cerrnspek`nk f "_fk`ei Fccnss Iniery" (qun sn trf`ucn per inierhf `n fccnse flnfterhe). Inierhf _EI2 Zfrtn `n lf inierhf `n uk er`nkf`er nk lf qun flifcnkf lf hkaerifchók oæshcf  pfrf frrfkcfr y aukchekfr. Èstf ke sn oerrf fl fpfdfr nl nquhpe. Qhnkn drfof`f `n aæorhcf, y ke sn  pun`n ie`hahcfr. Lfs shdlfs rnspek`nk f "_nf` Ekly Iniery" (pninerhf `n sóle lncturf). Iekhter2 @hspeshthve `n sflh`f qun sn ceknctf f lf CZ^, in`hfktn nl qun nl er`nkf`er `nvunlvn fl usufrhe hkaerifchók vhsufl.   _ndlf qun rnsultf kncnsfrhf preiuldfr y `hauk`hr cek lf fkthchpfchók Kerif `ny Sndurh`f`2 f`ncuf`f qun `non snduhrsn pfrf nvhtfr les `föes qun pun`fk `nrhvfrsn `n lf nbncuchók `n uk trfofbe.

Zlfcf Ofsn2 Zlfcf `n ofqunlhtf qun sn nkcunktrf nk nl hktnrher `n lf cfrcfsf `nl er`nkf`er y qun cekthnkn les chrcuhtes hiprnses oæshces `n lf ceiputf`erf2 nl precnsf`er, lf inierhf _FI... Pfiohèk `hspekn `n rfkurfs cek cekncterns lhstfs pfrf hksnrtfr etrfs plfcfs ceie lf `n rn`, lf `n sekh`e,... F nstfs rfkurfs sn lns llfif slets. Zrecnsf`er2  Chrcuhtes nlnctrókhces hkcluh`es nk ukf pfsthllf qun nbncutfk lfs hkstrucchekns  oæshcfs `n uk er`nkf`e er`nkf`er. r. Ns nl kòclne qun ln pnrihtn rnflhzfr te`fs lfs epnrfchekns qun kesetres kese tres uthlhzfies. Pfiohèk sn ln llfif ihcreprecnsf`er, `noh`e f su pnqunöe tfiföe.

DAZH-A-:68

 

CEKCL^SHEKNS 

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Pfkte lfs pfrtns nxtnrkfs ceie lfs pfrtns hktnrkfs `n lf ceiputf`erf sek hk`hspnksfolns, yf qun sn uknk pfrf qun nl nquhpe earnzcf earnzcf uk ounk aukchekf aukchekfihnkt ihnkte, e, cekecnr cf`f ukf `n lfs pfrtns, pnrihtn sfonr lf aukchekflh`f` `nl nquhpe y `n cóie ifknbfrle. Zfrf lfs Zfrf lfs ce ceip iput utf` f`er erns ns su suss pf pfrt rtns ns se sekk iu iuyy hipe hipert rtfk fktn tns, s, yf qu qunn pn pnri riht htnk nk uk aukchekfihnkte nxcnlnktn y òthl, yf qun shk nllfs ke sn pe`réf mfcnr uk trfofbe, f`niæs qun te`e nquhpe `non tnknr uk ifktnkhihnkte tfkte nk lfs pfrtns nxtnrkfs ceie nk lfs  pfrtns hktnrkfs. Fl `nsofrftfr ukf ceiputf`erf kes pe`nies `fr `n cunktf `n te`es les nlninktes qun le hktndrfk y qun `ns`n nl ifs pnqunöe mfstf nl ifs drfk`n sek nsnkchflns pfrf su epthie aukchekfihnkte.

DAZH-A-:68

 

_nanrnkchfs Oholhedræahcfs

µVuè ns uk ceiputf`er5 (s.a.). ceiputf`er5  (s.a.). Eotnkh`e `n µVuè ns uk ceiputf`er52 mttps2//n`u.dcadleofl.erd/ns/hkaerifthcf-ofshcf/qun-ns-uk-ceiputf`er/6/ Dfrchf, _. (s.a.). @nscuorn les `hanrnktns thpes `n dfohkntn pfrf ZC . Eotnkh`e `n @nscuorn les `hanrnktns thpes `n dfohkntn pfrf ZC2 mttps2//shfdufktf.cei/ctnckeledhf/thpes-`n-dfohkntns/ HKP_E@^CCHÓK F LFS CEIZ^PF@E_FS ZN_SEKFLNS. ZN_SEKFLNS. (s.a.). Eotnkh`e `n HKP_E@^CCHÓK F LFS CEIZ^PF@E_FS ZN_SEKFLNS2 mttps2//ifktnkhihnkte`npc.afk`ei.cei/ns/whgh/HKP_E@^CCH %C3%83KUFULFSUCEIZ^PF@E_FSUZN_SEKFLNS LF ZF_PN HKPN_KF @N LF CZ^ . (s.a.). Eotnkh`e `n LF ZF_PN HKPN_KF @N LF CZ^2 mttps2//shtns.deedln.cei/shtn/lfpfrtnhktnrkf`nlceiputf`er/ PF_BNPF IF@_N . (s.a.). Eotnkh`e `n PF_BNPF IF@_N2 mttps2//ifktnprnvnkthvenq6sinc3f.wnnoly.cei/nstructurf-`n-lf-tfrbntfif`rn.mtil Pfrbntf if`rn y sus pfrtns. pfrtns . (s.a.). Eotnkh`e `n Pfrbntf if`rn y sus pfrtns2 mttps2//shtns.deedln.cei/shtn/8:?fbidrupe?/6-mfr`wfrn-seatwfrn-y-pnrhanrhces`n-nktrf`f-y-sflh`f/tfrbntf-if`rn-y-sus-pf

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