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  Elknogl E`pnkkàj X`se`k  Fnp`rt`injtl fn @rtns

Nv`ku`egõj fn Xrlensl GGG infgls O^G@ FN @EVGSGF@FNU2 ‛Kls Xrgsgljnrls’ Jlidrn2 Eursl2\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Cnem`2\\\\\\\ Ldbntvls fn @prnjfgz`bn2 Fnilsr`r fgsplsgegj ` fns`rrlkk`r eurglsgf`f, gjnrs y fgscrun plr kls sljgfls y k`s isge`s (l fgcnrnjns i`jgcns`egljns iusge`kns) Fnilsr`r fgsplsgegj ` eliujge`r sus pnrenpegljns, gfn`s y snjtignjls, infg`jn fgvnrs`s clri`s fn nxprnsgj iusge`k elj elj`jz`, nip`` y prnp`r`egj. Tneljlenr y v`klr`r k`s fgvnrs`s i`jgcns`egljns iusge`kns, sus eljnxls, igr`f`s y nstkls Tneljlenr k` fginjsgj r`senjfnjn y nspgrgu`k fnk `rn y k` isge` p`r` nk snr mui`jl ` p`rtr fn kl prlpgl. Fnilsr`r gjnrs plr ns`dknenr rnk`egljns n gjnor`r k` isge` elj lr`s `rns, lr`s `sgoj`ur`s y elj k` vgf` igsi`. Fnilsr`r fgsplsgegj ` fns`rrlkk`r eurglsgf`f, gjnrs y fgscrun plr kls sljgfls y k`s isge`s (l fgcnrnjns i`jgcns`egljns iusge`kns).

@etgvgf`f2 G. KN KNN N ELJ ELJ @V @VNJ NJEG EGÕJ ÕJ GG. TNUXLJFN TNUXLJFN K@U XTNO^ XTNO^JV@U JV@U22 0. D` D`bl bl tu pu pujt jtl l fn vgst` vgst` y fn fnsp spuç uçs s fn m`dnr m`dnr kn knéf éfl l ¼e ¼euà uàkn kns s cunrlj kls c`etlrns ek`vns qun pnrigtgnrlj qun k` d`jf` kls Xrgsgljnrls cunr`j t`j giplrt`jtns nj k` mgstlrg` fn k` iòsge` plpuk`r emgknj` m`st` nk fé` fn mly< (5 pujtls) 4. Inje Injegl glj` j` ` su sus s gj gjtn tnor or`j `jtn tns s n gj gjst stru ruin injt jtl l qu qun n tl tle` e`d` d` e`f` ujl (0 pujtl) 5. ¼Euàk ns ns tu tni` c`vlrgt c`vlrgtl l fn k` d`jf`< d`jf`< ¼Xlr ¼Xlr quç< (0 pujtl)

 

6. ¼Nj ¼Nj qu quç ç pu pufl fl `c `cne net` t`rr pl plsg sgtgv tgv`i `inj njtn tn l jn jno` o`tg tgv` v`in injt jtn n k` pnrslj`kgf`f fn Blron Oljzàknz ` k` `orup`egõj< (0 pujtl) >. Tnsuin Tnsuin nj nt`p`s nt`p`s k` nvlkuegõj nvlkuegõj iusge`k iusge`k fn kls Xrgsgljnr Xrgsgljnrls ls (0 pujtl)

Kls Xrgsgljnrls Kls Xrgsgljnrls Xrgsgljnrls slj, `ipkg`injtn, `ipkg`injtn, nk orupl iàs rnprnsnjt`tgvl rnprnsnjt`tgvl fn k` mgs mgstl tlrg` rg` fn fnkk rl rlea ea em emgkn gknjl jl.. K` `u `ust stnr nrgf gf`f `f fn uj uj` ` iò iòsg sge` e` sg sgj j prnt pr ntnj njsg sglj ljns ns vg vgrt rtul uls` s`s, s, y knt kntr` r`s s kk kknj nj`s `s fn `o `ouf uf` ` ld ldsn snrv rv`e `egõ gõj j sleg`k cunrlj k` d`jf` sljlr` fnk fnsnje`jtl buvnjgk nj fget`fur`, y mly i`jtgn gnj jnj ns` vgonjeg` qun fncgj gjn n ` kls ekàsge gel ls. E`jegljns elil ‛K` vlz fn kls ‗=8’, ‛Nk d`gkn fn kls qun sldr`j’, ‛Vrn ‛V rnj j `k su sur’ r’ l ‛U ‛Unx nxl’ l’ sn nkn nknv` v`rl rlj j el elil il mgi mgijl jls s `s `sgs gstç tçig igel els, s, rnvl rn vlku kuegl eglj` j`rgl rgls s y el eljt jtns nst` t`t`r t`rgl gls. s. Fg Fgvn vnrs rs`s `s er ergs gsgs gs gjt gjtnr nrj` j`s s kls kknv`rlj kknv`rl j ` tnjnr tnjnr fls çple`s çple`s y v`rgls qugndrns qugndrns,, m`st` su cgj`k, nk `ðl `ð l 48 4883 83.. Xn Xnrl rl mly, mly, el elj j k` d` d`jf jf` ` fg fgsu sunk nkt` t` m` m`en en iu iuem eml, l, su sus s e`je e` jegl gljn jns s sgo sgoun unj j sl slj` j`jf jfl l nj e` e`sg sg tl tlf` f`s s k` k`s s on onjn jnr` r`eg eglj ljns ns fn fnkk pòdkgel emgknjl. Knnr iàs @ðls U`jtg`ol, 07=6 - 4883 Fgsunktls njtrn 0774 y 4880 Fçe`f`s 07=8 | 07=8  |0778 | 0778 |4888 | 4888 | Oçjnrls Xlp,, Tlea Xlp

Gjtnor`jtns Blron Oljzàknz, Oljzàknz, d`bl y vlz (07=4 ― 4883). Ek`ufgl J`rn`, J`rn`, ougt`rr` (07=4 ― 07=7 / 4880 ― 4885). Igounk V`pg`, V`pg`, d`tnré` (07=4 ― 4883). Enegkg` @ou`yl, tnek`fls (0778 ― 0770). Tldnrt Tlfréounz, ougt`rr` (0778 ― 0770).

 

Wàðnz, ougt`rr` (4885 ― 4886). Oljz`kl Wàðnz, Unrogl Eltg D`fgkk`, tnek`fls (4885 ― 4883). Àkv`rl Mnjréqunz, Mnjréqunz, ougt`rr` (4885) Blron Kngv`

Nk lrgonj @ pns`r fn tlf` k` cunrz` plkétge` fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls, k` d`jf` j`egõ elil uj orupl tlt`kinjtn `k i`ronj fn eunstglj`ignjtls p`rtgfg p`r tgfgst` st`s s l gfn gfnlkõ lkõoge ogels. ls. Uus gjt gjtnor nor`jt `jtns ns Blron Oljzàknz  Oljzàknz  (vlz y d`bl), Ek Ek`u `ufg fgl l J` J`rn rn` `  (ougt`rr`) y Ig Igou ounk nk V` V`pg` pg`    (d (d`t `tnr nré` é`)) sn eljlegnrlj elil elip`ðnrls fn eursl nj 07?7, eu`jfl gjorns`rlj `k prginrl infgl fnk Kgenl jòinrl 3 @jfrçs Dnkkl, fn k` eliuj` fn U`j Igounk.

Cltl2 Ergstgàj O`k`z K` `igst`f fnk trél cun or`eg`s ` k` iòsge`, y sn tr`fubl nj fls prly pr lyne netl tls s qu qun n `jt jtne nenf nfgn gnrl rlj j `k j` j`eg egig ignj njtl tl fnk or orup upl2 l2 Kls Xsnuflpgkkls, uj` nspnegn fn d`jf` fn tni`s r`pn`fls y kòfgels qun ogr`d` nj tlrjl ` Oljzàknz y J`rn`1 y Kls Sgjemua`s, nk rn`k `jtnenfnjtn, fljfn plr prginr` vnz us`rlj gjstruinjtls e`snrls y fn snoujnk f` 0 i l p` r`07=5, tle`rfndut`rlj nj vgv gvl l elil nj `eKls tls Xrgsgljnrls fnk kgenl. Cgj`kinjtn, fn`jbukgl fn

 

nj nk Kgenl Igounk Knõj Xr`fl. Nsn Ns n ig igsi sil l `ð `ðl, l, y tr tr`s `s s` s`kgr kgr fnk el elkno knogl gl,, Blron Oljzàknz  Oljzàknz  njtrõ ` nstu ns tufg fg`r `r Gjo Gjonj njgn gnré` ré` nj Ul Uljg jgfl fl nj k` ^j ^jgv gvnr nrsg sgf` f`f f fn Em Emgkn gkn.. @m @mé  é  eljlegõ ` E`rkls Cljsn Cljsne` e`,, mgbl fn uj` c`igkg` `elilf`f` qun i`jn i` jnb` b`d` d` p` p`r` r`kn knk` k`in injt jtn n Cu Cusg sgõj õj,, uj uj` ` fg fgsq squn unré ré` ` nj nk d` d`rr rrgl gl Xrlvgfnjeg`. @ k`s ple`s sni`j`s, Cljsne` `d`jfljõ kls nstufgls p`r` fnfge`rsn ` k` tgnjf` y ` uj p`r fn prlynetls qun eljsuié`j sus su s ml mlr` r`s s kg kgdr drns ns22 uj uj` ` el elkui kuij` j` fn iò iòsg sge` e` nj k` rn rnvg vgst st` ` Iujfl-    y uj prlor`i` sni`j`k fn sljgfls eljtniplràjnls nj k` Fgjnrs  y r`fgl Dnntmlvnj. X`r`knk`injtn, Blron Oljzàknz gfn`d` Oljzàknz gfn`d` k`s e`jegljns fnk trél, ` k` vnz vn z qu qun n fn fnb` b`d` d` t` t`id idgçj gçj k` uj ujgv gvnr nrsgf sgf`f `f p` p`r` r` nj njcr cr`s `se` e`rs rsn n nj su t`rn` fn kéfnr, eliplsgtlr y `ki` fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls. Eljt`et`fls plr uj `igol eliòj eliòj fn k` C`e C`eukt ukt`f `f fn @rt @rtns ns ‖nk cut cuturl url @p`r`tl T`rl,, Gol T`rl Golrr Tl Tlfr fréo éoun unz‖ z‖ Ol Oljz jzàk àknz nz rn rntl tliõ iõ su sus s k`z k`zls ls el elj j Cljsne` Cljsne`,, qugnj kn pgfgõ tni`s fn su d`jf` p`r` tle`rkls nj su nsp`egl r`fg`k. Nk i`tnrg`k njtrno`fl plr Oljzàknz nr` t`j prne`rgl, qun fndgnrlj or`d or `d`r `r tl tlf` f`s s k` k`s s e` e`je jegl gljn jns s fn ju junv nvl, l, nj nk sn snou oujf jfl l pg pgsl sl fn Cusgõj. Jl eljclrins, `rrnjf`rlj uj vgnbl nstufgl fn k` e`kkn Kgr`, pnrtnjnegnjtn ` X`jeml Utr`ud, fljfn rnogstr`rlj uj` fnenj` fn tni`s qun sgrvgnrlj p`r` snr tle`fls nj nk prlor`i` fn Cljsne` Cljsne` y  y p`r` `drgrsn p`sl nj kls snetlrns `ktnrj`tgvls. Fur`jtn 07=6, Cljsne` Cljsne` tliõ  tliõ k` fnegsgõj fn snr nki`j`onr  fnk  fnk trél, n gj`uour`r elj nkkls nk gjegpgnjtn ilvgignjtl fn rlea emgknjl qun fligj`ré` k` snoujf` igt`f fn k` fçe`f`. Nsn `ðl, Kls Xrgsgljnrls e`us`rlj curlr nj tle`t`s ujgvnrsgt`rg`s fn kls rnegjtls fn k` Emgkn y fn k` E`tõkge`1 jl `sé nj sus prlpgls eéreukls sleg`kns, fljfn jl nr`j njt nr`j njtnjf njfgfl gfls. s. Ns qun qun,, p`r p`r`fl `flb`ki b`kinjt njtn, n, cun cunrlj rlj nst nstls ls eér eéreukl eukls s ‛eugels’ l ‛gjtnknetu`kns’ qun t`jtl `dlrrneé`j, kls prginrls nj rnse`t`rkls y nknv`rkls elil éflkls fn uj` elrrgnjtn prlornsgst` eljtr` nk rçoginj. Ugj qunrnrkl, Kls Xrgsgljnrls nr`j nk nst`jf`rtn fn uj` kuem` eljtr` k` fget`fur` qun juje` kns giplrtõ. @k injls nj nsls prginrls `ðls.

Nk cnj c njõi õinj njl l @j` @j`kgz` kgz`jfl jfl nk cur curlr lr qun e`us`d` e`us`d` su oru orupl, pl, Cljsne` Cljsne`    njtnjfgõ qun y` nr` mlr` fn e`j`kgz`rkl elj nk k`jz`ignjtl fn uj fgsel. @sé, nk 05 fn fg fgegn egnid idrn rn fn 07 07=6 =6 s`kgõ s`kgõ ` k` vnjt` vnjt` K` vlz fn kls ¶=8 , uj e`snttn elj ntgqunt` fn k` rnegçj gj`uour`f` prlfuetlr` Cusgõj,

 

or`d`fl d`bl k` ek`r` gjckunjeg` iusge`k fn kls gjoknsns fn Vmn Ek`sm, y qun kls njeuidrõ elil kéfnrns fnk ninronjtn ilvgignjtl iusge`k qun j`eé` nj nk p`és, `kginjt`fl plr k` gjv`sgõj fn plp qun qu n kkn kkno` o`d` d` fn fnsf sfn n @r @ron onjt jtgj gj`, `, sl sldr drn n tl tlfl fl tr tr`s `s k` ou ounr nrr` r` fn k` k`s s I`kvgj`s. @ infg`fls fn 07=>, k` iuktgj`eglj`k NIG klorõ vnjenr su prlpg` `utlenjsur` y cgriõ uj eljtr`tl fn fgstrgduegõj elj Cusgõj p`r` qun nk fgsel cunr` rnp`rtgfl plr tlfl Emgkn. Nk `p`r`t`bn plfnrlsl fn k` NIG kls fnsp`rr`iõ plr tlfl nk p`és, kknv`jfl nk jlidrn fnk eljbujtl fn @rge` ` Xujt` @rnj`s. E`jegljns elil ‛Unxl’ y ‛K` vlz vl z fn kl kls s =8’ gj gjv` v`fg fgnr nrlj lj k` pr prlo lor` r`i i`e `egõ gõj j r` r`fg fg`k `k,, `d `drg rgn njf jfl l nsp`egls ` kls junvls eljbujtls kle`kns qun prlt`oljgz`ré`j nk kk`i kk `i`f `fl l dlli   fnk plp k`tgjl fn kls `ðls ‗=8. K` eljslkgf`egõj fncgjgtgv` fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls vnjfré` nk 0 fn jlvgnidrn fn 07=3, eu`j eu `jfl fl k` k`jz jz`r `rlj lj nk fg fgse sel l X` X`tn tn`j `jfl fl pgn pgnfr fr`s `s elj fls rnegt`kns ` tlfl rnvnjt`r nj nk Nst`fgl Emgkn. Nj nsn fgsel, y` d`bl kgenjeg` NIG, vnjé` nk tni` ‛Nk d`gkn fn kls qun sldr`j’, uj e`jtl ` kls  bõvnjns i`rogj`fls tr`s s`kgr fn k` nfue`egõj clri`k, qun sn mgzl mgijl nj tlfl nk eljtgjnjtn. sgoj ojgc gcge geõ õ nk or or`j `j s` s`kt ktl l ` k` i` i`sg sgvg vgf` f`f f fn k` X`tn X` tn`j `jfl fl pgnfr` pgnfr`s s sg d`jf`, nk `rgntn qun kns pnrigtgõ vnjenr k` enjsur` qun kns gipusl nk lc lcge geg` g`kg kgs sil `k vnt nt`r `rkl kls s nj k` tn tnkn knvg vgsg sgõj õj y nj kl kls s in infg fgls ls eljt el jtrl rlk` k`fl fls s pl plrr k` fg fget et`f `fur ur`. `. Kn Kntr` tr`s s gj gjtn tnkgo kgonj njtn tns s sl sldr drn n tn tni` i`s s sleg`kns, uj sljgfl d`gk`dkn qun sn njrgqunegõ elj elipljnjtns nknet nkn etrõ rõjg jgel els s y k` `e `egf gfnz nz fn fnkk kéf kéfnr nr Oljzàknz Oljzàknz    `jtn k` prnjs` y nk pòdk pò dkgel gel kls fgs fgstgj tgjou ougõ gõ fn fncgj cgjgtg gtgv` v`in injt jtn n el elil il k` nx nxpr prns nsgõ gõj j ià iàs s vgstls` n gjtnrns`jtn fnk rlea fn nsls `ðls. Vni`s elil ‛Pugnrnj fgjnrl’, ‛Xlr quç kls rgels’ l ‛Iunv`j k`s gjfustrg`s’ eljtnjé`j enrtnr`s erétge`s sleg`kns, nr`j d`gk`dkns y rnprnsnjt`d`j ` dunj` p`rtn fn k` buvnjtuf fn nsls `ðls. Vlfl Vl fl nk nkkl kl,, sg sgj j ni nid` d`ro rol, l, tu tuvl vl uj el elst stl. l. K` prn rnjs js` ` kl kls s mgz gzl l slspne sls pnemls mlsls, ls, prgi prginrl nrl,, y pnk pnkgor gorlsl lsls, s, fns fnspuç puçs, s, p`r p`r` ` nk st` st`tu tu qul  `knjt`fl plr k` fget`fur`. Xlr nsl, sgj qunrnrkl y nipub`fls plr nk prlp pr lpgl gl sg sgst stni ni`, `, Kl Kls s Xr Xrgs gsglj gljnr nrls ls cun cunrl rlj j ld ldkgo kgo`f `fls ls ` fn fncgj cgjgr grsn sn plkétge`injtn crnjtn ` k` eljtgjonjeg`. Nj 07=?, fur`jtn uj` ogr` nxtn nx tnjs js` ` pl plrr nk su surr fn fnkk p` p`és és,, su sus s rn rneg egt` t`kn kns s el elin injz jz`r `rlj lj ` sn snrr prlmgdgfls plr k`s ou`rjgegljns igkgt`rns, mneml qun fnsnje`fnjõ qun su tnrenr fgsel, K` euktur` fn k` d`sur` (k`jz`fl nj fgegnidrn fn nsn `ðl), sn qunf`r` sgj ogr` prlileglj`k fndgfl `k dlgelt oudnrj`injt`k.

 

Nsn fgsel, fnfge`fl ` k` euktur` fn k` r`fgl @I qun kls i`reõ pnrslj`k y `rtéstge`injtn, cun uj rltujfl cr`e`sl neljõigel, y ns nk injls `prneg`fl plr k` prlpg` d`jf`. Xlel prlkgbl nj su sljgfl, K` eu eukt ktur ur` ` fn k` d` d`su sur`  r`   gjelrplr`d` plr prginr` vnz tni`s fn V`pg` y J`rn` J`rn`,, i`jtnjgnjfl k` `oufnz` fn k`s kntr`s fn Oljzàknz Oljzàknz,, `ujqun njtrn uj` i`ylr prnsnjeg` nknetrõjge`. Nstls nkninjtls `pnj`s `pnj `s tr tr`s `sen enjf jfgn gnrl rlj j f` f`f` f` k` ns nse` e`s` s` fg fgcu cusg sgõj õj fn fnkk fg fgse sel, l, y k` fgst fg st`j `jeg eg` ` el elj j kl kls s in infg fgls ls sn `e `enj njtu tuõ õ eu eu`j `jfl fl k` d` d`jf jf` ` kk kk`i `iõ õ pudkge`injtn ` vlt`r JL nj nk pkndgsegtl sldrn k` eljtgjugf`f fn Xgjlemnt.

Nk qugndrn Elj j kl kls s rn rneg egjt jtls ls cgs cgse` e`kns kns pr prlm lmgd gdgf gfls ls,, nk tr trél él le leup upõ õ 07 07== == p` p`r` r` El eljslkgf`r su c`i` nj kls inre`fls fn Xnrò, Neu`flr y Elklidg`. Tn`kgz`rlj ogr`s y tle`t`s nj kls trns p`ésns, sgnjfl nj çstn òktgil fljfn i`ylr gip`etl kl klo or`rlj. Vrns ogr gr` `s eljsneutgv`s (snptgnidrn y jlvgnidrn fnk ==, y `drgk fnk =7) cunrlj nk rnsukt`fl fnk gip`etl qun klorõ nk orupl nj nk p`és e`cntnrl.

Cltl2 NIG Xnrl nj pknjl `plonl n gjtnrj`eglj`kgz`egõj, vgjl nk qugndrn. @ cgjn cg jns s fn 07 07=7 =7 y nj pk pknj nj` ` pr prnp np`r `r`e `egõ gõj j fn fnkk fg fgse sel l Elr`zljns , k`s fgcnrnjeg`s iusge`kns fn J`rn` J`rn` y  yOljzàknz Oljzàknz sn  sn mgegnrlj gjs`kv`dkns. J`rn J` rn`, `, gj gjek ekgj gj` `fl plr nk rl rle` e`jr jrlk lk,, y nk ké kéfn fnr, r, snf nfue uegf gfl l plr k` nknetrõj nkne trõjge`, ge`, rli rlipgn pgnrlj rlj su rnk rnk`egõ `egõj j njv njvunkt unktls ls nj uj` nje njelj` lj`f` f` fgsput` qun sn `or`võ plr kéls `ilrlsls, y qun fnbõ ` k` d`jf` eljvnrtgf` nj uj fòl qun nj i`yl fn 0778 prnsnjtõ su eu`rt`

 

prlfueegõj. Elr`zljns   cun nk àkdui iàs nxgtlsl fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls y nk fn inbl in blrr c` c`et etur ur` ` tç tçej ejge ge`, `, or or`d `d`f `fl l y in inze zek` k`fl fl nj Kl Kls s @j @jon onkn kns s (E`kgclrjg`) plr nk prlfuetlr `ronjtgjl Oust`vl U`jt`lk`kk` (y elj Blron Oljzàknz slkl Oljzàknz slkl `jtn k` giplsgdgkgf`f fn V`pg` fn vg`b`r, plr prldkni`s prldkn i`s elj su vgs`). ^j` elkneegõj fn flklrl flklrls`s s`s e`jegljns fn `ilr y cu `ilr cunr nrtn tn pr prns nsnj njeg eg` ` fn kls sg sgjt jtnt ntgz` gz`fl flrn rns s fn fncgj cgjgn gnrl rlj j ns nstn tn àkdui, p`r` euy` ogr` prlileglj`k cunrlj gjvgt`fls ` k` d`jf` fls junvls iòsgels2 k` nx Eknlp`tr`s Eknlp`tr`s    Enegkg` @ou`yl, y nk nx ougt`rrgst` fn k` D`jf` 37, 37, Tldnrt Tlfréounz. Nj 0770, Kls Xrgsgljnrls kkno`rlj `k prginr Cnstgv`k fn Sgð` fnk I`r nj fniler`eg`, nj uj mneml iàs sgidõkgel qun ltr` els`, plrqun k` d`jf` y` jl tnjé` k` elid`tgv` e`r` fn ltrls tgnipls. Fn `mé eljtgjuõ uj` ogr` fn fnspnfgf` plr tlfl nk p`és, fur`jtn k` eu`k jl c`kt`rlj kls àspnrl àspnrls s fgàklols elj nk pòdkgel pòdkgel.. @k tçrigj tçrigjl l fn nsn tlur  sn  sn pusl cgj ` k` mgstlr mgstlrg` g` fn k` d`jf` iàs giplrt`jtn giplrt`jtn nj k` mgstlrg` fnk rlea emgknjl. K` fnegsgõj nr` fncgjgtgv` y `sé sn ernyõ fur`jtn tlf` k` fçe`f` qun sgougõ ` su fnspnfgf`.

Nk rnensl E` E`f` f` Xr Xrgs gsgl gljn jnrl rl sg sgou ougõ gõ el elj j su sus s pr prlp lpgl gls s e` e`ig igjl jls s iu iusg sge` e`kn kns. s. Ek`ufgl Ek`ufg l J`rn` J`rn`    m`dé` clri`flXrlcnt`s clri`fl Xrlcnt`s y Crnjçtgels, Crnjçtgels, d`jf` elj k` qun qu n tr tr`d `d`b `bõ õ gj gjtn tnri rigt gtnj njtn tn m` m`st st` ` 07 0773 7311 Igo Igounk unk V`p V`pg` g`    i`j i`jtuv tuvl l k` nquévl nqu évle` e` e`rrnr` e`rrnr` fn B`rféj Unerntl1 Unerntl1 y Blron Oljzàknz, Oljzàknz, gjgegõ uj e`igjl slkgst` qun p`rtgõ elj njlrins e`ip`ð`s prlileglj`kns, pnrl pnr l tnr tnrigj igjõ õ elj nxp nxpklr klr`egl `egljns jns nj k` nkn nknetr etrõjge õjge` ` y prl prlpun punst` st`s s d`st`jtn `knb`f`s fn k` i`sgvgf`f fn `jt`ðl. Kls trns sn rnujgnrlj sõkl ` gjst`jeg`s fn k` nfgegõj fnk elipgk`tlrgl Jg plr k` r`zõj, jg  plr k` cunrz` , qun NIG k`jzõ elj snjegkkls y r`rnz`s nj 0773. @ujqun nj `qunkk` le`sgõj prlt`oljgz`rlj uj` tle`t` sgj pòdkgel nj uj` s`k` fn njs`yl fnk enjtrl D`ki`enf` 040>, k` plsgdgkgf`f fn rnujgrsn cun fnse`rt`f`1 y k` fgst`jeg` sn `enjtuõ nj 077=, eu`j eu `jfl fl V`pg` V`pg` y Oljzàknz Oljzàknz    sn ujgnrlj `k vnjnzlk`jl @ronjgs Drgtl p`r` nk prlynetl Kls Fglsns, elj nk qun rn`kgz`rlj `kouj`s tle`t`s jl iuy `clrtuj`f`s, rnern`jfl nk rnpnrtlrgl fnk trél s`jigounkgjl d`bl d` bl uj uj` ` og ogr` r` su sudt dtgt gtuk uk`f `f` ` ‛K ‛Kl l in inbl blrr fn Kl Kls s Xr Xrgs gsgl gljn jnrl rls’ s’.. K` `ornsgvgf`f fn Oljzàknz Oljzàknz y  y su c`kt` fn eugf`fl sldrn nk nsenj`rgl `knb`rlj `k pòdkgel y njtnrr`rlj nsn e`igjl plel tgnipl fnspuçs. K` nfgegõj fn uj trgdutl elknetgvl ` Kls Xrgsgljnrls, prlfuegfl plr E`rkls Cljsne`1 Cljsne`1 y nk fgsel Nk e`ssnttn pgr`t`  (elj   (elj or`d`egljns nj

 

vgvl) jl mgegnrlj iàs qun `oufgz`r k`s fgcnrnjeg`s njtrn kls nx elip`ðnrls. Xnrl nj nk 4880 k`s `ou`s sn e`ki`rlj. Nk rnornsl fn Blron Oljzàknz fn Oljzàknz fn uj` tniplr`f` fn fnsgjtlxge`egõj fn frlo`s nj Eud`, kl kknvõ ` p`uk`tgjls `enre`ignjtls ` su vgnbl jòeknl fn `igols, gjekuynjfl `k `jtgoul i`j`onr. Vr`s rnujgljns sleg`kns njtrn nkkls, nj i`rzl sn eu`bõ nk `eunrfl fn rnujgrsn, y nj bukgl elinjz`rlj kls njs`yls, qun fls insns fnspuçs sn i`tnrg`kgz`rlj nj uj sgjokn2 ‛K`s sgnrr`s nkçetrge`s’ (tni` y` gjekuéfl nj nk elipgk elipgk`fl `fl Jg plr k` r`zõj, jg plr k` cunrz` ). ). Nk ru ruil ilr, r, nj njtl tlje jens ns,, sn el eljc jcgr gri` i`d` d`22 Kl Kls s Xr Xrgs gsgl gljn jnrl rls, s, el elj j su clri`egõj lrgogj`k, nst`d`j fn rnornsl.

Cltl2 Blron Uàjemnz

K` snoujf` çple` Nk 7 fn letudrn fn 4880 k` d`jf` fgl su prginr` eljcnrnjeg` fn prnjs`, elj kls trns gjtnor`jtns `jujeg`jfl uj i`sgvl eljegnrtl nj nk elkgsnl enjtr`k fnk Nst`fgl J`eglj`k y k` prlfueegõj fn uj fgsel elj i`tnrg`k junvl. K` eljvle`tlrg`, nj tlfl e`sl, tuvl uj njlr nj lrin in çx çxgt gtl, l, y k` d` d`jf jf` ` fn fndg dgõ õ `u `uin injt jt`r `r su `e `etu tu`e `egõ gõj j ` fl fls s  blrj`f`s nj vgrtuf fnk nxensl fn fni`jf`. Nk 58 fn jlvgnidrn y nk 0 fn fgegnidrn fn nsn `ðl, Kls Xrgsgljnrls eljvle`rlj ` uj tlt`k fn 068 igk pnrslj`s, nj snjfls eljegnrtls fn e`sg trns mlr`s fljfn rnp`s`rlj dunj` p`rtn fn su rnpnrtlrgl fn kls `ðls ‗=8. Fur`jtn nk 4884, k` d`jf` eljtgjuõ tr`d`b`jfl, rn`kgzõ ogr`s plr Emgkn y nk nxtr`jbnrl, y k`jzõ uj fgsel y uj FSF elj k`s prnsnjt`egljns nj nk J`eglj`k. Nj i`yl fnk `ðl sgougnjtn , tr`s prnsnjt`rsn nj nk Cnstgv`k fn Sgð` fnk I`r, nstrnj`rlj k` prginr`

 

e`j e`jegõ egõj j lrg lrgogj ogj`k `k fns fnsfn fn Elr`zljns 2 ‛^ktr`fnrnem`’, d`gk`dkn grljé` sldrn k` fnrnem` plkétge` emgknj`, y `fnk`jtl fnk fgsel mliõjgil k`jz`fl nsn igsil `ðl. Fur`jtn k` prlilegõj fn nsn tr`d`bl, qun vnjfgõ iàs fn 68 igk elpg el pg`s `s y el elsn snem emõ õ fg fgsé séig igkn kns s er erét étge ge`s `s,, uj uj` ` ju junv nv` ` er ergs gsgs gs tl tlre regõ gõ r`fge`kinjtn nk fnstgjl fnk orupl. Nj snptgnidrn sn gjclriõ fn k` s`kgf` fn Ek`ufgl J`rn`. s`kgf` J`rn`. Cun nk ougt`rrgst` qugnj mgzl pòdkge`s k`s r`zljns, kunol fn uj òktgil eljegnrtl (nj Elqugidl). Nj uj` e`rt` `dgn `d gnrt rt` ` nj njvg vg`f `f` ` ` kl kls s in infg fgls ls fn el eli iuj ujge ge`e `egõ gõj, j, nk iò iòsg sgel el fnjujeg`d` m`dnr sgfl fnspnfgfl fnk trél y fn m`dnr tnjgfl qun prlileglj`r uj fgsel qun juje` m`dé` sgfl fn su `or`fl. Oljzàknz sn jnoõ ` elinjt`r sus fgemls `pnj`s vlkvgõ ` njcrnjt`rsn ` k` prnjs`, fur`jtn uj` eljcnrnjeg` fn prnjs` qun sn supljé` snrvgré` p`r` prnsnjt`r elil ougt`rrgst` rnnipk`z`jtn ` Àkv`rl Mnjréqunz (y qun tnrigjõ elj kls igerõcljls fn k` prnjs` `rrlb`fls `k sunkl plr nk `gr`fl kéfnr fn k` d`jf`). Uu sgougnjtn fgsel sn or`dõ ` fé` sgougnjtn fn k` eljcnrnjeg`, nj uj rnogstrl rn`kgz`fl plr Kls Xrgsgljnrls bujtl ` Mnjréqunz y X`dkl Gk`d`e`,, fn Gk`d`e` fn Em`jeml nj Xgnfr`, Xgnfr`, elil p`rtn fnk prlor`i` ‛T`r`s Vle` Vl e`t` t`s s Ju Junv nv`s `s’, ’, fn r` r`fg fgl l ‛T ‛Tle lea& a&Xl Xlp’ p’.. @k @kké ké rn rnp` p`s` s`rl rlj j tn tni` i`s s prlp pr lpgl gls s y `bn `bnjl jls s (f (fn n Kl Kls s O`tls, O`tls, Kls Gr`euj Gr`eujfl fls, s, Kl Kls s Dn Dn`t `tkns kns y Aj`ea, njtrn ltrls), y `ujqun nk fgsel tuvl uj` nxenknjtn c`etur`, tuvl uj d`bl gip`etl nj vnjt`s. Fnsfn njtljens, nk ck`i`jtn trél, qun fndgõ njcrnjt`r iàs fn `kouj` erétge` fn sus snougflrns y fn k` prnjs`, prnjs`, gjgegõ uj` ogr` plr Içxgel Içxgel y ` su rnornsl rnornsl euk eukigj igjõ õ su igjg ogr` nj uj eljegn eljegnrtl rtl nj U`jtg U`jtg`ol `ol bujtl ` E`cç V`eud` y @jonk X`rr` Vrél , elj nse`sésgi` eljvle`tlrg`, iuy nj eljtr`stn elj k` i`sgvgf`f qun m`dé` ilstr`fl nk orupl m`st` plel tgnipl `jtns. Uu `e `etg tgvg vgf` f`f, f, nj njtl tlje jens ns,, sn el elje jenj njtr trõ õ cu cunr nr` ` fn Em Emgk gkn, n, y nj k` prnp`r prn p`r`eg `egõj õj fn uj junvl fgsel. fgsel. I`jz`j`   (4886) cun k`jz`fl elj uj` junv` clri clri`eg `egõj2 õj2 Unr Unrogl ogl Eltg  D`fgkk`,   D`fgkk`, nj tnek`fls1 yOljz`kl y Oljz`kl Wàðnz  Wàðnz   (nxJl (nx Jl in @eunrfl) @eunrfl ) nj ougt`rr`, `jtn uj` s`kgf` fn @kv`rl Mnjréqunz qun sn kknvõ ` e`dl nj sgknjegl y sgj nxpkge`egljns. Nk snjegkkl snjegkk l ‛Nk iurl’, iurl’, njtlje njtljens, ns, e`jegl e`jegljns jns elj elj eljtnjgfl eljtnjgfls s sleg`kns sleg`kns y, ns nst` t` vn vnz, z, fn `i `ilr lr,, bu bust stgc gcge ge`r `rlj lj uj éj éjtg tgil il k` k`jz jz`i `ign gnjt jtl l nj U`jtg`ol y k` fnegsgõj fn enjtr`kgz`r su e`rrnr` nj Içxgel. Fnsfn cgjns fn 4886, nk eu`rtntl pnri`jnegõ r`fge`fl nj nsn p`és, nj infgl fn uj` `dgnrt` lpegõj plr `knb`rsn fnk pòdkgel emgknjl, qun nj p`rtn jl m`dé` pnrflj`fl k` s`kg kgf f` fn J`rn` jg p` p`rn rnegõ egõ nip`tgz`r elj nk junvl rnpnrtlrgl fnk orupl. Xlr nkkl, k` d`jf`

 

`etuõ nj eljt`f`s le`sgljns nj nk tnrrgtlrgl j`eglj`k. Nj ns nsn n el elip ipkn knbl bl ns nsen enj` j`rg rgl, l, nk tr trél él gj gjtn tnjt jtõ õ ns nser ergd gdgr gr uj ju junv nvl l npgslfgl fn su mgstlrg`, pnrl nk nscunrzl p`uk`tgj`injtn elinjzõ ` fgkugrsn. fgkugrsn. Uõkl Oljzàknz Oljzàknz sn  sn gjst`kõ nj Içxgel, ignjtr`s qun sus elip`ðnrls elip` ðnrls pnri`jnegn pnri`jnegnrlj rlj nj U`jtg`ol y su i`j`o i`j`onr nr mgstõrgel, mgstõrgel, E`rkls Cljsne`, Cljsne`, rnjujegõ `k orupl ` cgjns fn 4886.

Cltl2 _`rjnr Iusge @ cgjns fn 488>, k` d`jf` `jujegõ qun jl or`d`ré` i`tnrg`k junvl y qun òjge`injtn sn prnsnjt`ré` nj vgvl. Elj ns` fnegsgõj, y nj infgl inf gl fn su elj eljlegf legfl l mnr mnrint intgsi gsil, l, Kls Xrgs Xrgsglj gljnrl nrls s elj eljtgju tgju`rl `rlj j elj el j su sus s og ogr` r`s s pl plrr fg fgst stgj gjtl tls s p` p`és ésns ns k` k`tg tgjl jl`i `inr nrge ge`j `jls ls,, nj uj uj` ` `onj `o njf` f` fn `e `etg tgvg vgf` f`fn fns s fn k` k`s s qu qun n nj Em Emgk gkn n sõ sõkl kl sn s` s`dé dé` ` pl plrr infgls nxtr`jbnrls l plr k` pàogj` wnd fn k` d`jf`. Cun plr nsls e`j`kns e`j`kns qun uj vnr`jl vnr`jl kknoõ k` jltgeg` fnk fnk cgj fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls. Vr`s prnsnjt`rsn nj nk Cnstgv`k fn K` Unrnj`, nk orupl vg`bõ ` m`enr uj smlw drnvn nj E`r`e`s, Snjnzunk`, fljfn prlt`o prlt`oljgzõ ljgzõ uj tnjsl tnjsl npgslfgl2 npgslfgl2 Nj uj e`i`réj, e`i`réj, ignjt ignjtr`s r`s nk pòdk pò dkge gel l pn pnfé fé` ` su rn rnor orns nsl l `k ns nsen enj` j`rg rgl, l, Oljzàknz Oljzàknz    eli eliujg ujgeõ eõ `k niprns`rgl qun lro`jgz`d` nk eljegnrtl qun jl s`kfré`j fn junvl ` nsenj`, plr uj` r`zõj plfnrls`2 K` d`jf` sn m`dé` tnrigj`fl. Nk cgj cun nk 0= fn cndrnrl fn 4883. Nj kl kls s fé` é`s s sgo gou ugnjtns, k` iubn bnrr fn Blr Blron on Olj Oljzàkn zàknz z  nj njvg vgõ õ uj eliu el iujg jge` e`fl fl fn pr prnj njs` s` el eljc jcgr gri` i`jf jfl l k` fg fgsl slku kueg egõj õj fnk fnk or orup upl l s`jigounkgjl s`jigo unkgjl.. Igounk V`pg`  V`pg`  fnek`rõ iàs t`rfn qun k` snp`r`egõj nr` uj` fnegsgõj tli`f` m`eé` uj tgnipl, y `prlvnemõ fn `jujeg`r qun snougré` tr`d`b`jfl bujtl ` Eltg  D`fgkk`, elj qugnj sn i`jtuvl i`jtuvl uj tgnipl m`egnjfl iòsge`.

 

Blr Blron on Olj Oljzàkn zàknz z, nj t` t`jt jtl, l, fn fnegf egfgõ gõ qu qunf nf`r `rsn sn nj Iç Içxge xgel, l, fn fnsf sfn n fljf fl jfn n gj gjtn tnjt jtõ õ el eljt jtgj gju` u`rr el elj j k` sn snou oujf jf` ` p` p`rt rtn n fn su mg mgst stlr lrg` g` slkgst`,, y i`jtuvl su tr`d`bl slkgst` tr`d`bl p`r`knkl nj k` iòsge` nknetrõjge` nknetrõjge`,, p`rtgegp`jfl p`rtgeg p`jfl elil gjvgt`fl gjvgt`fl nj prnstgo prnstgoglsls glsls prlynetls prlynetls ` e`rol fn onjtn onj tn elil Unðlr Eleljut. Eleljut. @k plel plel tgnip tgnipl l sn sn tr`sk`f tr`sk`fõ õ ` Dnrkéj, fljfn flj fn eli elinjz njzõ õ uj` jun junv` v` nt` nt`p` p` `rt `rtést éstge` ge`,, i`r i`re`f e`f` ` plr fgs fgsels els slkgst`s, slkgst` s, y elj eljst` st`jtn jtns s prn prnsnj snjt`e t`egljn gljns s nj Emg Emgkn, kn, elj e`j e`jegl egljns jns junv`s l elj fgstgjtls npgslfgls fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls. ^j` d`jf` nst` ns t`dk dkn n y uj tr tr`d `d`bl `bl rn rnou ouk`r k`r kl i` i`jt jtuv uvl l `e `etg tgvl vl m` m`st st` ` nk 48 480> 0>,, eu`jfl fndgõ gjst`k`rsn nj Emgkn junv`injtn tr`s uj elipknbl prld pr ldkn kni` i` fn s` s`ku kuf. f. Ul Ulkl kl nj njtl tlje jens ns,, nj su el elje jegn gnrt rtl l fn nj su mlin ml inj` j`bn bn,, sn rn rnnj njel eljt jtrõ rõ nj ns nsen enj` j` el elj j Ig Igou ounk nk V` V`pg pg`, `, nj uj snjtgfl ilinjtl fn ns` blrj`f`. Uus fls nx elip`ðnrls sn m`dé`j rnnjeltr`fl `jtns, nk 4804. @k cgj` cg j`kk fn ns nsn n `ðl sn pr prns nsnj njt` t`rl rlj j el eli il uj` uj` ju junv nv` ` sl sleg egnf nf`f `f iusge`k ius ge`k,, kk`i kk`i`f` `f` sgi sgipkn pkninj injtn, tn, J`r J`rn`-V n`-V`pg `pg`, `, flj fljfn fn or` or`d`r d`rlj lj trns tr ns e` e`je jegl gljn jns s pr prlp lpg` g`s, s, `k `kou ouj` j`s s rn rneu eupn pnr` r`f` f`s s fn su tr tr`d `d`b `bl l eljbujtl eljbuj tl nj k` c`s c`sn n cgj` cgj`kk fnk trél. Elj rnp rnpnrt nrtlrg lrgl, l, tni tni`s `s fn sus e`rr e` rrnr nr`s `s sl slkg kgst st`s `s y, pl plrr su supu puns nstl tl,, v` v`rg rg`s `s e` e`je jegl glj jns fn Kl Kls s Xrgsgljnrls, iljt`rlj uj smlw qun sn prnsnjt` `k injls fls l trns vnens plr `ðl. @idl @i dls, s, y el elj j i` i`yl ylrr el elip iprl rlig igsl sl,, i` i`jt jtuv uvgn gnrl rlj j su sus s e` e`rr rrnr nr`s `s slkgst`s2 Igounk V`pg` sn gjelrplrõ `k orupl fn cusgõj y Ek`ufgl y` elipkn kntt` fls fgsels y uj rnornsl elj su d`jf` Xr Xrlc lcnt nt`s `s y Crnjçtgels.. Xnrl k` i`ylr rnknv`j Crnjçtgels rnknv`jeg` eg` infgàtge` infgàtge` sn k` k` m` f`fl su su kgdrl sldrn k` d`jf` (Ig vgf` elil Xrgsgljnrl ,  fnk 4887, rnnfgt`f` nk 4806 elil Dgl glo or`cé` fn uj` `igst`f )  ),  fljfn j`rr` k` gjtgigf`f y su igr`f` pnrslj`k ` k` mgstlrg` su vgnbl orupl. orupl. Leml `ðls Leml `ðls fu furõ rõ k` pr prgi ginr nr` ` çp çple le` ` fn Kls Xrgsglj Xrgsgljnrl nrls s y egjel k` snou sn oujf jf`. `. Nk elign elignjz jzl l cu cun n nj uj kg kgen enl l cg cgse se`k `k fn uj d`rrg d`rrgl l fn U`jtg`ol U`jtg` ol y nk nk cgj`k p`sõ e`sg e`sg fns`pn fns`pnregdgfl regdgfl,, 45 `ðls `ðls fnspuçs, fnspuçs, ` igkns ig kns fn agk agkõi õint ntrl rls s fn Em Emgk gkn. n. Xn Xnrl rl su mu munk nkk` k` nj k` mg mgst stlr lrg` g` ns prlcujf` y jl sõkl iusge`k, plrqun sus e`jegljns slj ekàsgels fnk cgj`k fnk sgokl ]] nj Emgkn y rnprnsnjt`j ` tlf` uj` onjnr`egõj fn emgknjls. W tlf`vé` iàs, plrqun sgniprn m`y uj pòdkgel junvl qun k`s nstà nseuem`jfl, m`y iòsgels qun k`s trgdut`j y e`f` egnr eg nrtl tl tg tgni nipl pl `k `kou ouj` j` sn vun unkv kvn n ` pl pljn jnrr fn il ilf` f`.. Xle Xlels kl fgseutnj2 Jl m`y m`y nj nk rlea emgknjl uj orupl orupl euy` tr`senjfnjeg`, vgo gon njeg` y plpuk`rgf gf` `f sn` t`j plfnrls` elil k` fn Kls Xrgsgljnrls.