Guia Da Doula Parto

 

Auod kd keubd pdrte  Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

( eradlozdkerd )  Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore, Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford, Dld Buosd Enhs kf Juôez Yesd,  Dltþloe Jdlufb @frrford, Nrostodlf Gelke, Kobjdrd @rforf, Cfsond ^dlnhfz Bebo, Bunêd ^tdcdle Ndbkfyre, Jdrêd Pfradrd, Jdrosd Krfxbfr 

( duterfs )

4ª Fkoáîe, 9=4; (fkoáîe ojprfssd, 9=44)

 

Dardkfnojflte [ekds ds duterds kfssf Auod f e ólone duter hejfj `erdj nejpdlhfores kf fstrdkd, pdnofltfs f nejpftfltfs. Dardkfáe-bhfs sud aflfresokdkf fj nejpdrtobhdr sfus nelhfnojfltes nejoae f nej e póibone. ^fo e qudlte dtdrf`dkes tekes fbfs sîe, fltrf trdidbhe, `obhes f okfdos, le kfsirdvdjflte kf uj ndjpe leve f nhfoe kf pfrndbáes neje e kd hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte f ldsnojflte. Fltrftdlte sejfltf e trdidbhe kf fquopf f d nel`odlád rfnêprend pekfrodj terldr pessêvfb d rfdbozdáîe kfstd eird. Jfu ardlkf eiroadkd d fbfs3 Dkfbosf, Dld Buosd, Dltþloe, Nros, Kobjdrd, Cfsond, Bunêd, Jdrêd f Jdru.

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford 

 

^ujäroe Dardkfnojflte   ]rf`änoe Kr. Huae ^didtole Oltrekuáîe   4. Keubds3 per quf f pdrd quf

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

9. D keubd, d afstdltf f e pdrte kf djids

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

>. Dldtejod ke Dpdrdte Aflotdb @fjolole

 

Cfsond ^dlnhfz Bebo

;. @osoebeaod ke ]drte

 

Cfsond ^dlnhfz Bebo

6. D ol`buãlnod kds ko`frfltfs pesoáöfs le dte kf pdror Jdrêd Pfradrd 0. [ïnlonds kf Yfbdxdjflte Kobjdrd @rforf f Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford 1. Nuokdkes nej e pfrêlfe

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

8. D ker le pdrte3 jïtekes lîe `drjdnebþaones pdrd sfu dbêvoe Kobjdrd @rforf f Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford ?. Oltfboaãlnod Fjenoeldb kd Keubd

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

4=. Fsporotudbokdkf f pdrte

 

Bunod Ndbkfyre ^tdcdle

44. E jekfbe eistïtrone f ds retolds hespotdbdrfs Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr 49. Jfkondbozdáîe f Odtreaflod ke Ldsnojflte Dltþloe Jdlufb @frrford 4>. ^fr keubd ï sfr `fjolostd5

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

4;. Fvokãlnods kds vdltdafls kd prfsflád kd keubd  Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr 46. Fstrdtïaods f pbdle kf pdrte Jdrêd Pfradrd 40. D olsfráîe kd keubd ld fquopf pre`ossoeldb f le arupe `djobodr Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr 41. E korfote í prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf dnejpdlhdltf le pdrte

 

Nrostodlf Gelke

48. Dbojfltdáîe f ]drte Dld Buosd Enhs kf Juôez Yesd 4?. Nuokdkes nej e Yfnïj-Ldsnoke

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

9=. Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr 94. Pêlnube Jîf-Ifiã

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

99. E ]þs-]drte Ojfkodte

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

Nelnbusîe3 Keubds le Irdsob

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

Dpãlkonf3 Keubds ld Drafltold 

 

Jdrosd Krfxbfr

^eirf es duterfs   Nrïkotes

 

]rf`änoe Kr. Huae ^didtole ]re`fsser Dssenodke ke Kfpdrtdjflte kf [eneaolfnebeaod kd @NJ „ VLONDJ] Neerkfldker ke Arupe kf ]drte Dbtfrldtove kd VLONDJ]

[ekd afstdáîe pekf sfr nelsokfrdkd neje uj pdrdkoajd d sfr kfsvflkdke pfbd fxpfroãlnod ke ldsnojflte. [rdtdr kf fxprfssdr nej pdbdvrds fstd fxpfroãlnod ï ujd tdrf`d qudsf quf ojpessêvfb. Neltdjes nej fstfsfjejflte dprfsfltd kf rosne diulkdltf f, kfstd botfrdturd `erjd, equdlke prenfsse trdls`erjd luj soldos preibfjd fjolfltfjfltf jïkone. Tudlke es ndses lîe dprfsfltdj rosnes eu fstfs sîe nelsokfrdkes lerjdos (ld ardlkf jdoerod), d botfrdturd fxostfltf pdrd kfsvflkdr fstf pdrdkoajd ï fsndssd. E preibfjd `ond jdos ardvf dolkd qudlke sf nel`ulkfj es tfrjes f sotudáöfs lerjdos sf trdls`erjdj fj pdtebþaonds. Neje, per fxfjpbe, es ndsdos quf prenurdj sfus jïkones pdrd tfrjoldr d afstdáîe per jfoe kf ujd nfsärfd kfslfnfssärod oalerdlke (`dbtd kf ol`erjdáîe) es

 

rosnes quf d jfsjd pekf dndrrftdr kurdltf f dpþs e dte noróraone, f olnbusovf fj afstdáöfs suisfqufltfs. Eu, poer dolkd, qudlke fstd nfsärfd ï rfdbozdkd per uj pre`ossoeldb sfj ujd olkondáîe jïkond. ]er eutre bdke, fxostfj ol`erjdáöfs quf prevendj rosnes ol`ulkdkes, neje e ndse kf nornubdrfs kf nerkîe de rfker ke pfsneáe kd nrodlád kodalestondkds kurdltf d afstdáîe, dndrrftdlke dlaóstods f jfke kf uj kfsflbdnf pfroaese pdrd e lerjdb kfsflvebvojflte kd afstdáîe f ke pdrte. Fxostfj juotes eutres `dterfs quf fstîe fxfjpbo`ondkes lfstd eird. Lfbd, ds duterds f e ólone duter utobozdj sud noãlnod f fxpfroãlnod pdrd okflto`ondr f, kf `erjd sojpbo`ondkd, kfsnrfvfj fstf pdrdkoajd kd afstdáîe f ke ldsnojflte utobozdlke pdbdvrds sojpbfs, perïj kf ardlkf utobokdkf, pdrd irolkdr des pre`ossoeldos kd sdókf (Keubds) nej `frrdjfltds pdrd nujprorfj nej sud `uláîe senodb. D jfkonold tfnlenrätond f d jekfrld eistftrênod fxostfltf le dtflkojflte de ldsnojflte lerjdb prfnosdj kf eirds neje fstd, fsnrotds nej pre`ulke sfltoke hujdlêstone f hebêstone, pdrd ol`erjdr d fstfs pre`ossoeldos ‒neje‚ f e ‒quf‚ kfvf sfr rfdbozdke qudlke e prenfsse fstä dneltfnflke kf `erjd lerjdb f kf idoxe rosne. Vtobozdlke fstf prenfkojflte sf pekfrä kfsvflkdr e pdrdkoajd ke ldsnojflte, terldlke-e jfles trdujätone f rfspfotdlke es trãs pobdrfs kd hujdlozdáîe, qudos sfcdj3 rfspfote des prenfsses `osoebþaones, pdrtonopdáîe jubtopre`ossoeldb f rfspfote des nestujfs rfaoeldos f olkovokudos ke ndsdb. ]ekfjes kf`olor fstd eird neje kf votdb ojpertélnod pdrd tekes dqufbfs quf fstîe kospestes d dcukdr pdrd quf es ndsdos tflhdj ujd ardvokfz f uj pdrte rfspfotdke.

 

Oltrekuáîe Keubds sfjprf heuvf. Kfskf e olênoe kes tfjpes hujdles suspfotdjes quf ds jubhfrfs tovfrdj e dpeoe kf eutrd jubhfr ld herd kf kdr í buz. Ds pdrtfords tdjiïj, fj afrdb, pessuêdj ujd dcukdltf quf bfvdvdj nelsoae, kf ndsd fj ndsd, kf pdrte fj pdrte. Fstd `oaurd oltfrjfkoärod fltrf e trdidbhe kf pdrokford kd jubhfr f dqufbf kf pdrtford kd pdrtford ï d keubd. E nelnfote kf keubd sf `ulkdjfltd le rfsadtf kdquobe quf nhdjdjes kf ‒kojflsîe hujdld‚, fj neltrdpesoáîe íqufbd tïnlond `rod f ojpfssedb ke julke kes lfaþnoes, sfcd fbf e kd iebsd kf vdberfs eu dqufbf ke nfltre eistïtrone ke hespotdb pdrtonubdr. D `ulkdjfltdb oltfrboadáîe fltrf nelhfnojflte f fxpfroãlnod, `bfxoiobokdkf jfltdb f kosnroáîe fjenoeldb `erjd d fssãlnod kd `uláîe kd keubd. E fspêrote jdtfrle quf d ndrdntfrozd sf lutrf kd hujobkf kospeloiobokdkf fj dcukdr (jdtfrldr) eutrd jubhfr ulokd í dtotukf kf dprflkoz pfrdltf d ulonokdkf kf ndkd pfssed. ^fj osse, d hujdlozdáîe fjpdnd le tfrrfle bdjdnflte kd olnelsfquãlnod f ke epertulosje. Ï prfnose, de nelträroe,

 

adlhdr dqufbd nelsostãlnod f sfrofkdkf quf kfoxdj pdrd träs es fltusodsjes supfr`onodos, es qudos sejfltf sfrvfj pdrd dardkdr, jds lîe pfrjotfj flxfradr. Fstds qufstöfs fstîe difrtds f sfrîe rfspelkokds pfbd sejdtþrod kds dáöfs kds keubds irdsobfords les prþxojes dles. f^fcdj fstds dáöfs nelsnofltfs f `ulkdjfltdkds eu olnelsfqufltfs ojfkodtostds, ‒lîe ojpertd‚. [ekds fbds neltroiuorîe pdrd nrodr d okfltokdkf kd keubd irdsobford. Ï pdrd prejevfr d nelsnoãlnod f d nelsostãlnod fj fsnebhds f nejpertdjflte quf ldsnfu fstf Auod .

 

4. Keubds3 per quf f pdrd quf

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

Le sïnube XOX olonoeu-sf e prenfsse kf olstotunoeldbozdáîe f jfkondbozdáîe kd dssostãlnod de pdrte, ndrdntfrozdke pfbd olnerperdáîe kd eistftrênod pfbd jfkonold f pfbd ko`usîe kd dtfláîe jïkonehespotdbdr. Fstf prenfsse ojpboneu e d`dstdjflte kes `djobodrfs kd nfld ke pdrte, neje frd trdkoáîe hä jobãloes. Ds pdrturofltfs kfoxdrdj kf sfr dnejpdlhdkds per jubhfrfs djoads f kd `djêbod f pdssdrdj d sfr dtflkokds per pre`ossoeldos kf sdókf les hespotdos, elkf pfrjdlfnodj sezolhds kurdltf uj belae pfrêeke ke trdidbhe kf pdrte. ]rätonds dltfroerjfltf leboifrkdkf prenfssekfkf pdrturoáîe`dbtdvd`erdj kfsndrtdkds. D jubhfr lîenerrfltfs jdos tolhd jevojflte, bhf e dpeoe neltêlue kf `djobodrfs eu kf djoads kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, `eo-bhf tordkd d oltojokdkf le jejflte ke vêlnube jîf-ifiã f d prfsflád ke pdo. D pdrturofltf `eo sfjprf jdos rfkuzokd í pdssovokdkf, f ds rïkfds ke pdrte pdssdrdj ís jîes kes jïkones f kf sfus nedkcuvdltfs. Dpfsdr kosse, e nêrnube `fjolole lîe sujou kf rfpfltf. Kf uj cfote eu kf eutre, e arupe kf jubhfrfs neltolueu kdlke dpeoe, dolkd quf lîe olsfroke le neltfxte hespotdbdr, peos d olstotunoeldbozdáîe `eo uj prenfsse quf sf prebelaeu le tfjpe f nuce äponf enerrfu sejfltf ld sfaulkd jftdkf ke sïnube XX, nej d olstotunoeldbozdáîe kd nfsärfd neje pdrte räpoke, olkeber f prätone. Ld belad trdlsoáîe quf vdo kf uj trfnhe de eutre kd hostþrod ke pdrte, nejdkrfs, vozolhds f djoads pfrjdlfnfrdj prfsfltfs, bfvdlke dtfláîe, ndrolhe, ujd ‒ndlcd‚, e nuokdke nej d ndsd, nej ds nrodláds. Fstds sîe ds quf hecf nhdjdjes ‒keubds‚, pdbdvrd kf eroafj arfad quf, dtudbjfltf, sfrvf pdrd kf`olor dqufbd jubhfr quf duxobod eutrds jubhfrfs le prenfsse ardvêkone-pufrpfrdb. Fstd kflejoldáîe `eo

 

utobozdkd pfbd projford vfz pfbes jïkones Jdrshdbb H. Gbdus J.K., Cehl H. Gfllfb, J.K. f ]hybbos H. Gbdus J. (Fk. fj Jethfrola thf Jethfr , 4??>)3 ‒E supertf neltêlue frd kdke per jubhfrfs fxpfrofltfs f nuokdkerds quf nhdjdjes . Ld iusnd kf uj tfrje quf kfletdssf fssf pdpfb, qufrêdjeskeubds ujd pdbdvrd nej neletdáîe lîe jïkond quf `rosdssf e vdber kd nejpdlhod `fjolold dtfltd f dpeodkerd. Pebtdje-les pdrd d pdbdvrd arfad keubd  quf qufr kozfr ‘jubhfr nuokdkerd‟. Lessd projford fxpesoáîe d fstd pdbdvrd dneltfnfu pfbe use ke tfrje per pdrtf kf Kdld Ydphdfb pdrd kfsnrfvfr ‘uj eu jdos olkovêkues, afrdbjfltf `fjololes, quf kîe flnerdcdjflte psonebþaone f dssostãlnod `êsond d ujd jîf quf dndieu kf kdr í buz.‟ Vsdjes d pdbdvrd le daerd ulovfrsdbjfltf dnfote soalo`ondke kf dnejpdlhdltf fxpfrofltf le pdrte quf jubhfr f d sfukf nejpdlhfore sfcd supertf sfcd `êsonee`frfnf kurdltfí teke e trdidbhe pdrte f pdrte f, dtï nfrtefjenoeldb pelte, le pþspdrte.‚ (p. ;). D `oaurd kd jubhfr quf nuokd f jdtfrld d levd jîf rfterleu, dssoj, nej levd reupdafj pdrd d nfld ke pdrte. Ldsnfu d keubd, uj leve lejf pdrd ujd dltoad `uláîe. Keubd ï ujd jubhfr sfj fxpfroãlnod tïnlond ld ärfd kd sdókf, quf erofltd f dssostf d levd jîf le pdrte f les nuokdkes nej e ifiã. ^fu pdpfb ï sfaurdr d jîe kd jubhfr, rfspordr nej fbd, serror pdrd fbd, prevfr flnerdcdjflte, trdlquobokdkf f hdrjelod. Kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte d keubd utobozd jïtekes lîe `drjdnebþaones pdrd dbêvoe kd ker, tdos neje3 rfspordáîe, rfbdxdjflte, jevojfltdáîe f pesonoeldjfltes kovfrses. Fbd rfnelhfnf e ldsnojflte neje ujd fxpfroãlnod ojpertdltf ld vokd kd jubhfr nej neletdáöfs psonefsporotudos pre`ulkds. Nejprfflkf d `osoebeaod ke pdrte f ds lfnfssokdkfs kd jubhfr fj trdidbhe kf pdrte, kf jeke quf sdif neje dcukä-bd qudlke `er lfnfssäroe. Ï ojpertdltf `rosdr quf d keubd lîe `dz kodalþstones, lîe dvdbod prfssîe drtfrodb, lfj tfjpfrdturd, lîe vfro`ond idtojfltes närkoe`ftdos,

 

lîe dvdbod d kobdtdáîe, lîe tejd kfnosöfs pfbd jubhfr fj trdidbhe kf pdrte f, tdjiïj, lîe ï pertd-vez kd jubhfr eu kd sud `djêbod. Fssfs bojotfs kfvfj sfr ifj fsnbdrfnokes pdrd lîe afrdr `dbsds fxpfntdtovds. Ld rfbdáîe nej d `djêbod, d keubd kfvf tejdr nuokdke pdrd lîe enupdr e fspdáe ke dnejpdlhdltf `djêbod sfr prfsfltf7 fbfs `dzfj pdrtf ke ulovfrse kd jubhfr eu f esfxnbuor bojotfsd kfvfj fstdifbfnokes per fstd. D keubd kfvf iusndr sfjprf d pdrnfrod nej e dnejpdlhdltf f `djobodrfs prfsfltfs, dtudlke neje prejeterd kd pdz f kd hdrjelod, flvebvflke, sfjprf quf pessêvfb, d pdrtonopdáîe ke dnejpdlhdltf. Fxostfj hecf dbaujds vdrodáöfs ld kflejoldáîe kds keubds3 • Keubds vebultärods „  dtudj vebultdrodjfltf le hespotdb, eu ndsd kf pdrte, dcukdlke d tekds ds jubhfrfs quf nhfadj kurdltf e pbdltîe. • Keubds pdrtonubdrfs „  sîe neltrdtdkds pfbd jubhfr f d dnejpdlhdj le bendb ke ldsnojflte. Dtflkfj dpflds ujd jubhfr fj trdidbhe kf pdrte per vfz. • Keubds hespotdbdrfs „  sîe neltrdtdkds pfbe hespotdb pdrd e`frfnfr supertf d tekds ds pdnofltfs quf `erfj dkjotokds kurdltf sfu heräroe kf trdidbhe. Dpfsdr kds kflejoldáöfs ko`frfltfs, e pdpfb ï e jfsje pdrd tekds. D ko`frflád iäsond ï quf d keubd pdrtonubdr nelhfnf prfvodjfltf d jubhfr f sfus kfsfces f hostþrod, flqudlte quf d keubd vebultärod f d hespotdbdr `dzfj e projfore neltdte nej d pdrturofltf ld herd ke trdidbhe kf pdrte. Vjd sfaulkd ko`frflád ï quf d keubd vebultärod lîe rfnfif rfjulfrdáîe jelftärod pfbe quf `dz. ]drd dvdbodr es f`fotes kd prfsflád kd keubd le trdidbhe kf pdrte pekfjes vfro`ondr es rfsubtdkes kf dbaujds pfsquosds quf `erdj rfdbozdkds nej fstd `oldbokdkf3 Ke pelte kf vostd `êsone3 • Jfles pfkokes kf fpokurdb (0=%) f ldrnþtones (>=%) W4,9,>,;,1,8Z • Yfkuáîe ke use kf potenold W4,9,;,0,1Z

 

• Yfkuáîe kd kurdáîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte (96%) W4,9,>,;,6,0Z • Jfles pdrtes nej `þrnfps W4,9,;,6Z • Yfkuáîe ke use ke vänue fxtrdter W;Z • Yfkuáîe kds tdxds kf nfsärfd (6=%) W4,1Z • Yfkuáîe kd hespotdbozdáîe lfeldtdb f kds nejpbondáöfs W9,>Z • Yfkuáîe kds nhdlnfs kf `firf f ol`fnáîe jdtfrld W9Z • Yfkuáîe kf hfjerrdaod jdtfrldb pþs-pdrte W6Z • Dujflte kds nhdlnfs kf uj pdrte vdaoldb fspeltélfe W0Z Ke pelte kf vostd psonebþaone3 4>Z • Ds jîfs rfpertdj ujd fxpfroãlnod kf pdrte jdos pesotovd W;,8,4>Z • Yfkuáîe kes lêvfos kf dlsofkdkf W;Z • Ds jîfs tãj dbtd nelsokfrdáîe f jdoer sflsoiobokdkf pdrd nej 4=Z sfus ifiãs W;,4=Z 4;ZZ • Ds jîfs sf sfltfj jdos sfaurds f tãj jdos dutenel`odlád W4; 4=Z • Yfkuáîe ld olnokãlnod kd kfprfssîe pþs-pdrte W;,4=Z ^f es rfsubtdkes kfssds pfsquosds soldbozdj quf d prfsflád kd keubd ï pesotovd ld herd ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, tfjes dolkd juote quf olvfstoadr.

Ï ojpertdltf pfrnfifr quf kfltre ke jekfbe eistïtrone dtudb d retold ojpöf ardlkf pdssovokdkf í jubhfr. D keubd kfvfrä nuokdr pdrd quf lîe sfcd jdos ujd d ojper sfus kfsfces pfssedos eu suds `rustrdáöfs, peos, ldqufbf jejflte, qufj fstä vovflnodlke e prenfsse kf pdrturoáîe ï d jubhfr.

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  ^nett GK, Ifrgewotz A, Gbdus J.  D nejpdrosel e` oltfrjottflt  dlk neltolueus suppert kurola bdier3 d jftd-dldbysos.  Dj C Eistft Aylfneb4??? Jdy 48=36 4=6;-?. Gfllfb C. fjetoeldb Gbdus J, suppert JnArdthkurola ^, Yeifrtsel ^, Holgbfy 9. Neltolueus bdier ol d V^ hespotdb. N. D

 

rdlkejozfk neltrebbfk trodb.  CDJJD 4??4 Jdy 4 906341 94?19=4. >. ^nett GK, Gbdus ]H, Gbdus JH. [hf eistftrondb dlk pestpdrtuj iflf`ots e` neltolueus suppert kurola nhobkiorth.  C Qejfl‟s Hfdbth Aflk Idsfk Jfk 4??? Kfn 834961-0;. ;.  Gffldl ]. Iflf`ots e` jdssdaf thfrdpy dlk usf e` d keubd kurola bdier dlk nhobkiorth.  Dbtfrl [hfr Hfdbth Jfk 9=== Cdl 0300-1;. 6. Qdlk K, Jde X, Todl ^. Nbolondb eisfrvdtoel el Keubd kfbovfry. Nhula Hud @u Nhdl Ge [sd Nhoh 4??1 Lev >9344 06?-04. 0.  Shdla C, Ifrldsge CQ, Bfyievonh F, @dhs J, Hdtnh, JN. Neltolueus bdier suppert `rej bdier dttflkdlt `er projopdreus wejfl3 d jftd-dldbysos. Eistft Aylfneb 4??0 Ent 883; ]t 1>?-

>;. 1.  Lebdl, J. ^uppertola wejfl ol bdier3 thf keubd‟s rebf.  Jek Jokwo`f 4??6 Jdr 63> 49-6. 8.  Aerkel L], Qdbtel K, JnDkdj F, Kfrjdl C, Adbbotfre A, Adrrftt B. F``fnts e` prevokola hespotdb-idsfk keubds ol hfdbth jdoltfldlnf eradlozdtoel hespotdbs.  Eistft Aylfneb 4??? Jdr ?93> ;99-0. ?.  Bdlafr D, Ndjpfre B, Adrnod N, Yfylese ^. F``fnts e  psynhesenodb suppert kurola bdier dlk nhobkiorth el irfdst  `ffkola, jfkondb oltfrvfltoels, dlk jethfrs‟ wfbb ifola ol d Jfxondl puibon hespotdb3 d rdlkejozfk nbolondb trodb. Ir C Eistft Aylfneb 4??8 Ent 4=634= 4=60-0>. 4=.  Gbdus GH, Gfllfbb CH. [hf keubd3 dl fssfltodb olarfkoflt e nhobkiorth rfkosnevfrfk. Dntd ]dfkodtr 4??1 Ent 8034= 4=>;-0. 44.  Ydphdfb K. ^uppert dlk vdrodtoel, thf lffks e` thf irfdst`ffkola wejdl. Dntd ]dfkodtr Cpl 4?8? Dua >43; >0?19. 49. Idrrel ^], Bdlf HQ, Hdlldl [F, ^trufjpbfr I, Qobbodjs C.N. @dnters ol`buflnola kurdtoel e` irfdst `ffkola djela bew-

 

olnejf wejfl. C Dj Koft Dssen 4??8 Kfn 88349 4661-04. 4>. Ndjpfre B, Adrnod N, Kodz N, Ertoz E, Yfylese ^, Bdlafr D. ‒Dbelf, O weubkl‟t hdvf glewl whdt te ke‚3 d qudbotdtovf stuk  el senodb suppert kurola bdier dlk kfbovfry ol Jfxone. ^en ^no Jfk4??8 Dua ;13> >?6-1=>. 4;.  Jdllola-Erflstfol A.  D iorth oltfrvfltoel3 thf thfrdpfuton f``fnts e` Keubd suppert vfrsus Bdjdzf prfpdrdtoel el `orsttojf jethfrs‟ wergola jekfbs e` ndrf aovola.  Dbtfrl [hfr Hfdbth Jfk 4??8-Cub ;3; 1>-84.

 

9. D keubd, d afstdltf f e pdrte kf djids

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

Fxostfj dtovokdkfs quf bokdj, jdos ke quf eutrds, nej fxpfroãlnods hujdlds. Hä pre`ossöfs quf korftdjfltf dafj le sfltoke kf jfbherdr d qudbokdkf kf vokd kf eutrd pfssed. Jfkf-sf e sunfsse kf ujd tdb pre`ossîe qudlke d eutrd pfssed nelsfauf ujd fxpfroãlnod pesotovd ke jejflte kf vokd fj qufstîe. D keubd ï ujd kfssds pre`ossöfs. D `uláîe kd keubd ï jfbherdr d vovãlnod kf pdrte kf ujd jubhfr. Fbd eitïj fssf rfsubtdke usdlke ko`frfltfs rfnurses, tdos neje kdlke ol`erjdáîe, dpeodlke fjenoeldbjfltf, prevokflnodlke nel`erte `êsone kurdltf e pdrte ftn.  ^fu pdpfb ï e kf nedkcuvdltf kd pretdaelostd kd nfld, d pdrturofltf. E lertf kf suds dáöfs ï d jubhfr quf fbd dtflkf. Fltrftdlte e pdrte ï uj fvflte solaubdr. Kfspfrtd fjeáöfs pre`ulkds, trdz í teld nel`botes olfspfrdkes f sejdtozd kóvokds lîe dltfs nelhfnokds. Fl`oj, jfxf nej e olnelsnofltf kf tekes es quf dssostfj, lîe sþ nej e kd pdrturofltf. D keubd, per fstdr tîe prþxojd kd jubhfr, f per sfr fbd jfsjd jubhfr, rfnfif fssd elkd fjenoeldb fj nhfoe. Neje fbd bokd nej osse5 E nejpertdjflte kd keubd dltfs f kurdltf e pdrte fspfbhd d `erjd neje fbd vovflnoeu sfu prþproe pdrte (sf fbd tfvf uj) eu e quf pflsd seirf fbf f neje fltflkf d rfdbokdkf kf pdrte hecf fj kod. ]fbe `dte kf e pdrte jevojfltdr ndjdkds olnelsnofltfs pre`ulkds, sud vovãlnod, nej `rfquãlnod, lîe ï fbdierdkd. ^fj dcukd fspfnodbozdkd eu sfj ujd nelsnoãlnod fvebuêkd ko`onobjfltf sf nelsfauf kfskeirdr es kovfrses soalo`ondkes quf d fxpfroãlnod neltïj fj so. Dbïj kosse, seirfpöfj-sf, beae fj sfauokd, es kfsd`oes ke pþs-pdrte, lîe seirdlke tfjpe lfj flfraods pdrd nejprfflkfr dqufbd ndoxolhd kf surprfsds quf `eo e ldsnojflte kf sfu `obhe. E pdrte ï kds jubhfrfs, ï uj fvflte `fjolole per fxnfbãlnod. Lîe ï

 

pessêvfb nejprfflkfr e pdrte sfj e pdle kf `ulke de qudb pfrtflnf3 e julke kds jubhfrfs. ]dror rfsubtd ke `dte kf sfr jubhfr, f pdror kf ujd nfrtd `erjd eu kf eutrd ï e rfsubtdke kf ujd nfrtd `erjd eu kf eutrd kf sfr jubhfr. D neberdáîe fjenoeldb ke jejflte f sfu nerrfspelkfltf `êsone fxprfsse ld qudbokdkf ke trdidbhe kf pdrte rf`bftfj d nelkoáîe `fjolold ld senofkdkf ld qudb d jubhfr vovf, neje tdjiïj uj dspfnte ojpertdltf kd psonebeaod kdqufbd jubhfr fj pdrtonubdr. Le pdrte ï d okfltokdkf êltojd kf ujd jubhfr f sud kojflsîe senodb quf fstîe í jestrd. ^ud psonebeaod sf jdlo`fstd ld `erjd neje fbd bokd nej es nel`botes, sfcdj fbfs nej e julke fxtfrle eu fj sud prþprod suicftovokdkf. Tudlte jdos olnelsnofltf d jubhfr fstovfr kf so jfsjd jdos preidiobokdkfs hä kf quf d `osoebeaod kf sfu pdrte pessd sfr pfrturidkd. Jdoer e lêvfb kf nelsnoãlnod kd pdrturofltf, nej fjeáöfs dnbdrdkds, kf pesturd, jdoerfs ds nhdlnfs kf ndifád uj iej nfltrdkd kfsflrebdrfkesojpbonokdkf pdrte. ]er eutre bdke, pdrd sf pekfr fxpfrojfltdr uj pdrte dtove f pesotove, sîe lfnfssärods, tdjiïj, dbaujds nelkoáöfs fxtfrlds. E djiofltf senodb f hujdle tfj uj pdpfb kftfrjoldltf. Jubhfrfs rfspfotdkds `erd kd sdbd kf pdrte tflkfj d sã-be tdjiïj kfltre kfbd. Jubhfrfs nej korfotes f koalokdkf qudlke lîe arävokds tflkfj d tã-bes tdjiïj qudlke pdrturofltfs. Vj djiofltf quf lîe rfspfotd d jubhfr „ pdrturofltf eu lîe „ lîe `dverfnf d dutefstojd f vdberdáîe `fjolold. D ardlkf jdoerod kds jubhfrfs lîe fsndpd ke fstoajd senodb kf sfr jubhfr, qufr fstfcd nelsnofltf kosse eu lîe. Juotds vfzfs sf trdtd kf pfrnfpáöfs ‒olstoltovds‚, quf pfrjdlfnfj didoxe ke lêvfb nerroqufore kf nelsnoãlnod, peos pfrtflnfj de kod d kod kf tekds f kf ndkd ujd. Kfoxdsf kf prfstdr dtfláîe íquobe quf sf terld ‒lerjdb‚. F ldkd ï jdos ‒lerjdb‚ ke quf d `erjd neje les flxfradjes flqudlte jubhfrfs. Juotds vfzfs lîe sf rfpdrd le `dte quf ds nrfláds quf tfjes sîe hostþronds f neltfxtudbozdkds f pekfj jukdr sf `er tejdkd ujd dtotukf kfltre f `erd kd afltf. ]drd

dbaujds

pre`ossöfs,

fbdierdr

d

rfdbokdkf

`fjolold

ï

 

ojprfsnolkêvfb pdrd e iej epfrdr. Ï neje uj tïnlone kf nejputdkerfs quf prfnosd fltflkfr nej prfnosîe neje `ulnoeld e sostfjd pdrd sdifr daor le buadr nfrte f kd `erjd nfrtd fj `uláîe kf eitfr uj kftfrjoldke rfsubtdke. Vj iej tïnlone sdif, tdjiïj, quf hä nejputdkerfs jdos pekfreses ke quf eutres f lîe orä tfltdr petflnodbozdr tekes kd jfsjd jdlford, peos eitfrod rfsubtdkes lfadtoves. Vj pre`ossoeldb nejpftfltf kostolauorä fltrf sfu prþproe nejputdker, quf fbf supestdjfltf nelhfnf ifj, f e kes eutres, lîe qufrflke nbeldr ds `uláöfs quf e sfu tfj fj tekes es quf flneltrd sþ perquf tekes sîe ‒nejputdkerfs‚. Fltflkfr e prþproe pdrte f neje sud psonebeaod f okfltokdkf kf jubhfr dtudrdj ld fxpfroãlnod quf sf tfvf ï e projfore trdidbhe kd keubd, sf fbd quosfr sfr rfdbjfltf ótob ís eutrds jubhfrfs. Ndkd jubhfr ï ólond, dpfsdr kf tekds vovflnodrjes d jfsjd rfdbokdkf senodb f se`rfrjes, kf ujd `erjd ndkd eu kf eutrd, jfsje aãlfre. Fltrftdlte, jubhfr tfjesfu jeke prfnelnfote kf diservfr, drndone fltflkfrkff fbdierdr d jfsjd fxpfroãlnod. E jfsje vdbf pdrd d keubd, fbd tdjiïj ï ujd jubhfr fltrf juotds f sud vosîe lîe ï lfnfssdrodjfltf d jfbher pdrd ujd eutrd kftfrjoldkd jubhfr. D keubd prfnosd sf rfnerkdr kf quf sfu pdrte, per jdos pesotove quf tflhd soke, nelstotuo uj jekfbe kf rf`frãlnod, lîe ujd okfdbozdáîe. Dboäs, e prþproe pdrte (f tekes es quf fbd vdo dnejpdlhdr le `uture) ï sfjprf ujd rf`frãlnod, jfsje qudlke tovfr soke jdb vovoke. Nejprfflkfr e quf dneltfnfu nelsoae dcukd d kovosdr e quf fstä dneltfnflke nej d jubhfr quf sf fstä dnejpdlhdlke, jds lîe lfnfssdrodjfltf pfrjotf nejprfflkfr tuke. E kdr í buz kf ujd jubhfr uridld f dnubturdkd ï hecf uj `flûjfle juote jdos nejpbfxe ke quf ï fltrf peves olkêaflds, quf sfaufj rotjes ldturdos f dbhfoes í lessd novobozdáîe. ]er fstf jetove, ï kf nelsnofltf hujobkdkf quf d keubd prfnosd. Fbd kfvf dketdr ujd pfrsostfltf pesturd kf dprflkoz, eisfrvdlke nej dtfláîe f dirolke jîe kf tekd f qudbqufr okfdbozdáîe seirf neje kfvfrod sfr e pdrte, pdrd quf sud dáîe sfcd peltudb f iflï`ond pdrd dqufbd kftfrjoldkd jubhfr.

 

Ï fvokfltf quf, pdrd sf nelsfauor osse, d dspordltf d keubd kfvf kfsflvebvfr uj nfrte ardu kf djdkurfnojflte psêquone f fjenoeldb. E fltusodsje olonodb lîe pekf nfadr d keubd, ojpfkolke-d kf rfnelhfnfr d vfrkdkf kf quf ndkd pdrte tfj sud keld. D dcukd quf fbd pekf kdr dvdládrä sejfltf dtï elkf sud nbofltf pfrjotor. Fltrftdlte í keubd ndif sdifr e quf ï jfbher fj tfrjes kf `osoebeaod ke pdrte f ke quf sf fltflkf per hujdlozdáîe. Fbd kfvf prejevfr e pretdaelosje `fjolole, e pdrte dtove f d boifrkdkf kf fsnebhd. ]er osse jfsje, fbd kfvf sdifr sf nebendr kf bdke qudlke `er lfnfssäroe, sfj rfssfltojflte f sfj nubpd. E pdpfb kd keubd lîe ï e kf irobhdr neje ujd fstrfbd kf nolfjd, jds e kf `dzfr d pdrturofltf tejdr pessf kf sfu pdpfb dtove. Neje ujd jdad, d keubd tfj juotds ndrtds ld jdlad. Kfpflkflke kf qudlte d jubhfr qufddtflkf fstä kospestd d olvfstor f nejprfflkfr, d keubd vdo utobozdr uj uj es rfnurses kes qudos kospöf. Le ndse, perïj, fj quf sud nbofltf lîe tflhd, fbd jfsjd, rfnurses pdrd dvdltdcdr-sf kes kospeloiobozdkes pfbd keubd, fltîe fstd kfvf sdifr audrkdr sfus tfseures f rfsujor-sf de DIN. D jdturokdkf fjenoeldb kd keubd sf jdlo`fstd qudlke fbd tovfr quf nejprfflkfr dtï elkf pekf nhfadr nej ndkd nbofltf. D afstdltf nej okfdbozdáöfs seirf e pdrte tfj uj kosnurse fltusodsjdke quf pekf lîe fstdr dlnerdke fj sud rfdbokdkf fjenoeldb. Fbd qufr dbae quf lîe fstä preltd pdrd vovfr. Lfssf ndse, d keubd kfvf dcukä-bd d dbndládr sfus selhes, jds tdjiïj sdifr pfrnfifr qudlke fstfs sîe distrdtes, jdltflke-sf fquoboirdkd. D jubhfr quf fstä nej jfke ke pdrte flneltrd ld keubd ujd `eltf kf flnerdcdjflte f nbdrfdjflte kf sfus prfnelnfotes. Dolkd dssoj, dss oj, ndif d fbd vflnfr sfus prþproes jfkes. Ï d afstdltf quf kfvf fstdr kospestd d drrosndr f nel`odr fj suds ndpdnokdkfs. Lolauïj pekf tejdr sfu buadr. Kdr í buz ï ujd fxpfroãlnod tetdbjfltf olkovokudb f êltojd. E pdpfb kd keubd rfqufr ardlkf neltfláîe fjenoeldb pdrd dnfotdr e quf ndkd jubhfr fbfafr pdrd so, jfsje quf olnelsnofltfjfltf (eu sfcd,

 

fbd qufr f koz quf qufr ujd neosd, jds dndid `dzflke eutrd). D keubd e`frfnf ol`erjdáöfs f e dpeoe fjenoeldb, erofltd f flnerdcd, jds e pdrte kf sud nbofltf lîe ï kfbd. ^fus pekfrfs flneltrdj ld suicftovokdkf kf ndkd jubhfr quf dtflkf uj bojotf oltrdlspelêvfb quf fbd prfnosd rfspfotdr.

 

6. D ol`buãlnod kds ko`frfltfs pesoáöfs le dte kf pdror  Jdrêd Pfradrd

D hostþrod les jestrd, jfkodltf kfsneirojfltes drqufebþaones kf fstätuds, polturds ftn., `oaurds kf jubhfrfs pdrolke fj pesoáöfs vfrtondos. ]drdkds, kf nþnerds, sfltdkds fj flaflheses idlquolhes `fotes kf pfkrds eu kf pfkdáes kf jdkford, pflkurdkds d uj adbhe kf ärverf, eu d ujd nerkd, rfnfiflke e supertf kf uj dnejpdlhdltf, ds jubhfrfs tãj prf`froke d dcukd kd ardvokdkf le jejflte ke trdidbhe kf pdrte. Lþs, jubhfrfs, sdifjes pdror f, qudlke fstdjes ifj dnejpdlhdkds, les nelfntdjes í jfjþrod nfbubdr, íqufbd sdifkerod dlnfstrdb quf tekds pessuêjes f quf les auod pdrd `dnobotdr e pdrte. D keubd e`frfnf í jubhfr e dpeoe lfnfssäroe, kf jeke quf pessd sf fltrfadr de prenfsse ke pdrte f flneltrdr sfu prþproe ndjolhe. Kurdltf

 

e dnejpdlhdjflte kd afstdáîe ï ojpertdltf rfsadtdr d nel`odlád kd jubhfr pdrd quf fbd pessd sfltor-sf sfaurd ld herd ke pdrte f iusndr ds pesoáöfs quf jdos bhf `dverfádj e prearfkor kds neltrdáöfs. Cä kurdltf e prï-ldtdb d jubhfr pekf or fxpfrojfltdlke ds ko`frfltfs pesoáöfs vfr qudb bhf pdrfnf kes jdospukerfs, nel`ertävfb. Fbd kfvf ndkd pesturd f,ftdjiïj, boifrtdr-sf kf jeke quf pfrnfifr le trdidbhe kf pdrte fbd orä olstoltovdjfltf iusndr d jfbher pesturd pdrd pdr d so. Ï ojpertdltf quf d jubhfr soltd quf tfj boifrkdkf pdrd ndjolhdr f dssujor ds pesoáöfs quf jdos bhf nelvãj, kf nþnerds, pdrdkd kf pï f dpeodkd fj sfu dnejpdlhdltf, kf qudtre, sfltdkd seirf ujd ndkford eu seirf e nhîe nej ds pbdltds kes pïs ulokds, flnestdkd d ;6 ardus seirf uj dbje`dkîe, kfotdkd kf bdke ftn.  ]frkfr e puker f fstdr luj djiofltf `djobodr, dnebhfker, nej buzfs tãlufs, sfj idrubhes fstrokfltfs, nej jósond f nhfores dardkävfos pfrjotf í jubhfr nelfntdrsf nej sfus olstoltes. E neltdte `êsone neltroiuo pdrd d boifrtdáîe kds tflsöfs. E nejpdlhfore ï, afrdbjfltf, d pfssed jdos prþxojd f nej d qudb d jubhfr tfj jdos oltojokdkf, pertdlte nej fbf sfrä `änob fltrfadr-sf f rfbdxdr. Ds pesoáöfs nejpdrtobhdkds terldj jdos dardkävfb e trdidbhe kf pdrte, nej dirdáes, ndrênods, ifoces. Dtï ujd kdlád bfltd pekf sfr rfdbozdkd, jevflke es qudkros pdrd `dnobotdr d dprfsfltdáîe f d kfsnokd ke ifiã. D jubhfr tdjiïj pekf pflkurdr-sf de pfsneáe ke nejpdlhfore f kfoxdr sebtd d idrroad, eu flnestdr-sf, fltrf ujd neltrdáîe f eutrd, seirf e jfsje, neje sf fbf `essf ujd pebtreld. Dssoj, fbd rfnupfrd ds flfraods f rfbdxd e su`onofltf flqudlte fspfrd d prþxojd neltrdáîe. Juotds vfzfs, ds jubhfrfs prf`frfj olnboldr-sf pdrd `rfltf kurdltf ds neltrdáöfs. Osse ï kf ardlkf dcukd perquf boifrd ds nestds, f, dssoj, pekfjes bhf e`frfnfr ujd jdssdafj ld dbturd ke sdnre, d qudb dbovod d ker ardáds de ndber ke neltdte `êsone f kd `ronáîe. Ds pesoáöfs kf nþnerds, kf sfltdkd qudtre, pdrdkd olnboldkd `rfltf, dpeodkd fj dbauïj eu fj dbae, seirf ujd ndkfordpdrd ftn. sîe ds

 

quf pfrjotfj jdssdafdr ds nestds. E nejpdlhfore f/eu d keubd pekfj e`frfnfr dpeoe `êsone f jdssdafls de jfsje tfjpe. Tudlke d jubhfr fstä ndlsdkd f prfnosd rfnupfrdr flfraods, d pesoáîe kfotdkd, prf`frovfbjfltf ke bdke fsqufrke (pdrd `dnobotdr d retdáîe ke ifiã), ï rfnejflkdkd. E dpeoe ndjd rfbdxdjflte jdos pre`ulke f fbd pekf dtï kerjor kd fltrf ujd pfrjotf neltrdáîeuj f eutrd, jfsje quf per uls jolutes, e quf ï su`onofltf pdrd sf rfnupfrdr. D keubd kfvf suafror ds pesoáöfs, sfj ojper. ^flke djävfb f sudvf, fbd pfrjotf quf d jubhfr iusquf f flneltrf ds pesturds quf jdos d dbovodj f `dverfnfj ds neltrdáöfs. Ï ojpertdltf `rosdr quf d jubhfr quf sf nelfntdr nej sfu olstolte flneltrdrä ds pesoáöfs `dverävfos f `drä es jevojfltes quf neolnokfj nej dqufbfs kf quf e ifiã prfnosd pdrd `dnobotdr sud kfsnokd. Ds pesoáöfs jdos nejujfltf dketdkds sîe3 kf sfjossfltdkd vfrtondb, sfltdkd, kf qudtre, kfotdkd kf bdke.

nþnerds,

Pdltdafls kd pesoáîe kf nþnerds3 • Dirf d pfbvf pdrd sud jäxojd ndpdnokdkf (kf 4 d 9 nfltêjftres fxtrds)7 • Dprevfotd d `erád kd ardvokdkf7 • ]ekf rfqufrfr jfles puxes (fxpubsove jdos räpoke)7 • ]ekf `dnobotdr d retdáîe ke ifiã f sud kfsnokd. ^f d jubhfr tovfr ko`onubkdkf pdrd `ondr kf nþnerds, fbd pekf dketdr d pesoáîe kf sfjonþnerds nebendlke-sf dträs kfbd uj idlquolhe eu qudltds dbje`dkds `erfj lfnfssärods pdrd fbd sf dpeodr. E nejpdlhfore eu d keubd pekf, tdjiïj, sfrvor kf supertf `êsone, lfstf ndse fbf(d) sfltd seirf uj idlquolhe sfaurdlke d pdrturofltf pfbds dxobds, eu sfltd seirf uj kes kfardus kf ujd fsndkd pfqufld elkf fbd tdjiïj pekf kfsndlsdr fltrf ujd neltrdáîe f eutrd. Ds jdnds hespotdbdrfs elkf ds jubhfrfs kîe í buz neltdj, juotds vfzfs, nej ujd idrrd bdtfrdb pdrd dcukä-bds d dnenerdr-sf.

 

Pdltdafls kd pesoáîe sfjossfltdkd vfrtondb3 • Dprevfotd dbae kd `erád kf ardvokdkf7 • E nejpdlhfore tfrä quf sfaurdr d pdrturofltf pfbds dxobds pfrjotolke-bhf quf sf dpeof fj suds jîes f dlojdlke-d d olnboldr d pïbvos7 • D olnboldáîe pïbvond pfrjotf ujd jdoer difrturd ke nebe ke ótfre7 • Ied pesoáîe pdrd kfsndlsdr.

Pdltdafls kd pesoáîe sfltdkd3 • Dprevfotd dbae kd ardvokdkf7 • Ied pesoáîe pdrd kfsndlsdr7 • D jubhfr pekf olnboldr-sf pdrd `rfltf pdrd e dbovoe kds kerfs bejidrfs7 ï ujd ied pesoáîe pdrd jdssdafls7 • ]ekf sfltdr-sf seirf e vdse sdlotäroe, elkf bhf ï `djobodr e olstolte kf `dzfr `erád f quf bhf e`frfnf ujd idsf `orjf neltrd d qudb fjpurrdr.

Pdltdafls kd pesoáîe kf qudtre3 • Ardvokdkf lfutrdb „ terld jdos bflte uj fxpubsove quf fstä olke räpoke kfjdos7 • ]ekf prepernoeldr dbêvoe pdrd ds kerfs bejidrfs f dcukdr e prearfssîe ke ifiã ld korfáîe kd sdêkd ke nebe ke ótfre7 • @dnobotd d retdáîe ke ifiã pdrd d pesoáîe pestfroer7 • [ord d prfssîe kds hfjerreokds.

Pdltdafls kd pesoáîe kfotdkd kf bdke3 • Ardvokdkf lfutrdb „ terld jdos bflte uj fxpubsove quf fstä olke räpoke kfjdos7 • Fxnfbfltf pesoáîe pdrd kfsndlsdr7

 

• ]ekf sfr kf ardlkf dcukd pdrd fvotdr ujd fposoetejod qudlke e pdrte sþ pekf dneltfnfr kfotdkd.

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  Ndkfrle seirf ]esoáöfs pdrd e [rdidbhe kf ]drte f ]drte. Iufles Dorfs3 Jucfr ^diod Fkoterds, 9==1. 9. Fxpfroãlnods kd duterd.

 

0. [ïnlonds kf Yfbdxdjflte Kobjdrd @rforf f Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

D ardvokfz ï ujd kds ïpends jdos fspfnodos kd vokd kds jubhfrfs, ï solûloje kf `fbonokdkf f, de jfsje tfjpe, kf trdls`erjdáîe. Kfskf e projfore trojfstrf ds jubhfrfs fxpfrojfltdj värods fjeáöfs. Ndkd jukdlád `êsond ï dnejpdlhdkd per ujd jukdlád psonebþaond. Fssf prenfsse per tekd d afstdáîe, dtolaolke äponfnej ld herd ke pdrte f pressfauf le pþs-pdrte, qudlke d jubhfr sf sfu kfpdrd levds rfspelsdiobokdkfs, uj rotje nejpbftdjfltf leve kf vokd. Hä juotes `dterfs quf pekfj endsoeldr nel`botes kurdltf d afstdáîe. E pdrte sfrä e rf`bfxe kd ardvokfz, nej sfus kfsnel`ertes, kerfs f oltrdlquobokdkfs. Hä, prolnopdbjfltf, e jfke ke pdrte, d levd `djêbod quf fstä sf `erjdlke, es nuokdkes nej e ifiã, d sdókf f e nerpe kd afstdltf, ds levds lfnfssokdkfs `oldlnfords ftn. Fssf rotje oltflse kf prfenupdáöfs dtolaorä d afstdltf korftdjfltf, pekflke endsoeldr juote strfss quf bfvd í ko`onubkdkf kf fltrfadr-sf ld herd ke pdrte.

 

Jfraubhdkd lfstf prenfsse f lîe sdiflke neje bokdr nej tdltds qufstöfs de jfsje tfjpe, d afstdltf tdjiïj lîe sdifrä neje rfbdxdr. Dbïj kf tekes es `dterfs fxtfrles jflnoeldkes, hä e dujflte ke pfse ke ótfre, d jukdlád pesturdb, d ko`onubkdkf nornubdtþrod f rfspordtþrod f eutres kfsnel`ertes `êsones quf pessdj vor d enerrfr. ]fbe qudkre fxpeste, rfsubtd kf sujd ojpertélnod rfdbozdr e trdidbhe nerperdb f fjenoeldb kurdltf e pdrte. Hä värods tïnlonds quf prepernoeldj ds nelkoáöfs prepênods pdrd d afstdltf bokdr pesotovdjfltf nej e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Ï ojpertdltf rfssdbtdr quf ds prätonds quf sfaufj kfvfj sfr rfdbozdkds nej rfspelsdiobokdkf f nelhfnojflte. ]er osse, sf suafrf quf d keubd rfdbozf nurses pdrdbfbes f dprflkozdkes prätones pdrd tfr ujd rfdb leáîe ke quf fstä `dzflke. Fbd tdjiïj kfvf rfdbozdr suds dtovokdkfs bfvdlke fj nelsokfrdáîe e pdrfnfr ke pre`ossoeldb (jïkone, pdrtford eu eutres) quf fstä dnejpdlhdlke e pdrte. Fos ds prolnopdos tïnlonds kf rfbdxdjflte quf `dnobotdj e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte3 • Äaud.  D äaud ï uj þtoje rfbdxdltf  pfr so.  @ondr fj ojfrsîe lujd idlhford kf äaud qufltf eu jfsje sei ujd kunhd prepernoeld juote dbêvoe.

 

• Djiofltf.  D pdrturofltf fstä, afrdbjfltf, nfrndkd kf `dterfs quf dujfltdj dolkd jdos sfu lêvfb kf strfss (idrubhes, pfsseds, buz ftn.). Lfstf ndse, ï ojpertdltf bfvdr d afstdltf pdrd uj buadr trdlquobe f dnelnhfadltf, nej peund buz (pekf-sf utobozdr vfbds). ^f pessêvfb, usdr ujd jósond kf `ulke quf sfcd ke dardke kfbd.

• Iebsds kf äaud qufltf. [dlte ds trdkonoeldos qudlte ds kf afb prekuzfj f`fotes kf pre`ulke dbovoe f rfbdxdjflte ld herd kds neltrdáöfs. • neltrebdr Neltroiuo pdrd d ker kds leneltrdáöfs f Ndjolhdr. d  dlsofkdkf. Ndsekojoluor d afstdltf fstfcd nejfáe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, ndjolhdkds f bêquokes fj kesfs fquoboirdkds sfrîe fxnfbfltfs pdrd kfsneltrdor e nbojd, neje tdjiïj pdrd fstojubdr f dnfbfrdr e pdrte.

 

• kf   ]ekf-sf e`frfnfr nhä Nhäs ndsfores nej fstojubdltf frvds jfkonoldos. ndlfbd, ardlkf ke pdrte, eu uj quf sfcd dardkävfb de pdbdkdr kd pdrturofltf. • Jdssdafj drejdtfrdpãutond.  D jdssdafj ï ujd drtf nurdtovd nej jóbtopbes f`fotes tfrdpãutones seirf d pfbf, e sostfjd lfrvese, jusnubdr, þssfe, nornubdtþroe, bol`ätone, koafstove, adstreoltfstoldb f flkþnrole. D jdssdafj drejdtfrdpãutond jfsnbd þbfes fssflnodos d jevojfltes quf rfbdxdj pre`ulkdjfltf e nerpe. ]fbe f`fote ke tdte seirf e sostfjd flkþnrole, `dnobotd oloioáîe kfquf nfrtes herjûloes kf strfss df djdssdafj boifrdáîe tdlte kdsd flker`olds, tãj f`fote ndbjdltf, neje kd enotenold, quf `dnobotd e prenfsse kf pdrte, f kd prebdntold, quf fstojubd d prekuáîe ke bfotf.

 

Dbauls kes iflf`ênoes korftes kd jdssdafj kurdltf e pdrte sîe3 • Dcukd d jdltfr d hokrdtdáîe, fbdstonokdkf f `bfxoiobokdkf ke nerpe. De jdltfr uj lêvfb dbte kf fbdstonokdkf ld pfbf kojoluosf e rosne kf bdnfrdáîe le pfrêlfe7 • Dcukd d fbojoldr e jfke f d dlsofkdkf7 • Dcukd d fstojubdr e sostfjd adlaboeldr quf fstdiobozd es herjûloes7 • Dbovod e ndlsdáe f dujfltd e lêvfb kf flfraod7 • Dbovod d ker lds pfrlds f jfbherds ds néojirds7 • Yfkuz kerfs kf ndifád7 • Dbovod kerfs lds nestds7 • Fstojubd d nornubdáîe sdlauêlfd. Nej e dujflte kd oltflsokdkf kds neltrdáöfs, ds kerfs bejidrfs sîe ds qufoxds jdos `rfqufltfs. Jdssdafls nornubdrfs lds nestds, rfdbozdkds pfbe pdo eu pfbd keubd, dcukdj idstdltf.

 

• Jfkotdáîe. D jfkotdáîe tfj sf jestrdke juote iflï`ond neje prfpdrdáîe pdrd e pdrte. Kurdltf e pdrte, fbd duxobod d rfkuzor e f`fote kefltrf strfss seirfjfltf e nerpe f ds fjeáöfs, f d jfbherdr d nelfxîe nerpe, f fjeáöfs.

 

• Jósond. [rdlquobd f kf fsnebhd kd afstdltf. • Yfspordáîe. ]rf`frovfbjfltf pre`ulkd f bfltd, ndkflnodkd, nej olspordáîe pfbe ldroz f fxpordáîe pfbd iend, pdrd jfbherdr d e`frtd kf exoaãloe pdrd e ifiã. • _ead.  Dbaujds pesoáöfs dcukdj ld kfsnokd ke ifiã, neltroiuolke pdrd d difrturd kd idnod, f kîe `erád pdrd daufltdr e pfrêeke fxpubsove, dbïj kf `ertdbfnfr e pfrêlfe. D yead dcukd d arävokd d jdltfr-sf `endkd, eisfrvdlke sud rfspordáîe f sfltolke sfu nerpe sf dirolke. Fssf nelculte kf dtotukfs pfrjotf d fltrfad, kfoxdlke `buor e `fjolole olstoltudb fj sfu jdos sdardke jejflte. D fstds tïnlonds qufrfjes dnrfsnfltdr ds pesturds f dtotukfs quf nejpbftdj e trdidbhe kd keubd f prepernoeldj ds nelkoáöfs pdrd ujd ied fxpfroãlnod kf pdrte pdrd d jubhfr. ^îe fbds3

• Dnebhojflte. Juotds vfzfs, e trdidbhe kf pdrte fstä trdvdke eu ko`ênob perquf hä dbae quf dterjfltd d pdrturofltf. Lfssf ndse, sf heuvfr ujd nejulhîe nej d keubd, fstd pekfrä sfrvor kf rfnfptänube pdrd e kfsdid`e kd afstdltf. Luj nbojd kf nejulhîe, d keubd kfvf kfoxdr `buor ujd ied nelvfrsd ld qudb d

 

jubhfr pessd fxtrdvdsdr suds fjeáöfs. Flqudlte osse, d keubd tfrä d epertulokdkf kf fsnbdrfnfr sotudáöfs quf pessdj fstdr nel`ulkolke eu dssustdlke d arävokd, dssoj neje fxpbondr e quf fbd vdo `dzfr pdrd dcukä-bd f terldr e jejflte jdos pesotove. Ï juote ojpertdltf trdtä-bd nej ndrolhe, jestrdr dnebhojflte, ís vfzfs dtï kdr nebe. Hä sotudáöfs, perïj, fj quf d keubd kfvf sojpbfsjfltf euvor, f sejfltf rfjftfr í pdrturofltf d sflsdáîe kf pdz f sfaurdlád. • Ndbjd. Fstd ï ujd peáîe kf ifj-dvflturdlád sfjprf. ]frjotf pflsdr nej nbdrfzd, sfltor f kfnokor nej preltokîe qudlke `er lfnfssäroe. [rdidbhes kf pdrte pekfj sfr kfjerdkes f cultdr väroes topes kf jdb-fstdrfs. D afstdltf pekf sfltor `dbtd kf dr luj jejflte fj quf cä fstä ndlsdkd, e pfse lds pfrlds f ds néojirds dujfltdj d sflsdáîe kf fsaetdjflte `êsone, f d afstdltf lîe nelsfauf flneltrdr ujd pesoáîe quf d dbovof. Lfssd herd, tuke quf d keubd kfvf `dzfr ï tfltdr dndbjä-bd, trdzfr e `ene pdrd e neltrebf kd rfspordáîe f suafror jfkotdáîe f fxfrnênoes kf yead pdrd fquoboirdr d rfspordáîe. Dssoj, rfnupfrdsf e rfbdxdjflte f d trdlquobokdkf.

 

• Nejpdlhod. Ï ojpertdltf quf d afstdltf fstfcd dnejpdlhdkd per pfsseds kf sud fsnebhd. Osse nebdierd kf jdlford soalo`ondtovd pdrd sfu ifj-fstdr psonebþaone. [eke julke prfnosd kf uj tojf kf `îs lds herds jdos ko`ênfos eu kfbondkds. Nej e pdrte dneltfnf e jfsje, sflke d ólond ko`frflád quf es `îs dafj pfbe sobãlnoe f nelnfltrdáîe, flvodlke ieds voirdáöfs f flnerdcdlke d pdrturofltf.

• Yfspfote.  Dpfsdr kf osse pekfr pdrfnfr rfkulkdltf luj Auod olsfroke le prenfsse kf hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte, lîe lulnd ï kfjdos fl`dtozdr d ojpertélnod ke rfspfote. Es häiotes f nestujfs kd afstdltf, suds rfbdáöfs nej `djêbod f jdroke, f, `oldbjfltf, suds fsnebhds pekfj nel`botdr nej d pfrseldbokdkf f nrfláds kd keubd. Ld jfkokd ke pessêvfb, d keubd kfvf tfltdr oltrekuzor eutres peltes kf vostds qudlke fstfs pfrjotfj í arävokd fl`rfltdr jfbher e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Jds, sf lîe `erfj kf use ojfkodte kurdltf e pdrte eu sf nrodrfj strfss pdrd d afstdltf, ndif í keubd rfspfotdr fstf bojotf. E pdrte ï kd jubhfr f fbd tfj e korfote kf rfdbozä-be kd `erjd neje fbd

 

nelsokfrd pessêvfb pdrd so jfsjd. Dpfsdr kf d keubd dnrfkotdr quf pekod tfr soke ko`frfltf, ndif-bhf dnfotdr e ruje quf sud nbofltf rfsebvfu kdr eu tfj nelkoáöfs kf kdr de prþproe pdrte.

• Boifrkdkf.  D boifrkdkf kd arävokd lîe kfvf sfr nfrnfdkd lulnd, f sud provdnokdkf rfspfotdkd. ^fltor-sf dprosoeldkd dujfltd flerjfltf d dlsofkdkf f e jfke. ^þ osse cä nelstotuo ujd oltfrvfláîe prfcukonodb í fxpfroãlnod ke trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte f rf`bftor-sf-ä seirfqudlte sfu kfs`fnhe. D boifrkdkf kd qudb `dbdjes ï tdlte d `êsond d psonebþaond. Ldkd kfvf sfr ojpeste í pdrturofltf fj tfrjes kf jevojfltes, pesoáöfs, fsnebhds, okfods eu nejpertdjfltes. E nelculte kfstds tïnlonds f dtotukfs orä iflf`onodr soalo`ondtovdjfltf d fvebuáîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, neltroiuolke pdrd quf d afstdltf pessd sf fltrfadr de prenfsse f, nej osse, dbndládr sfu jdoer eicftove3 uj pdrte rfpbfte kf pdz, hdrjelod f rfdbozdáîe, uj ldsnojflte hujdlozdke f uj ifiã sdukävfb f `fboz fj sfus irdáes. Ds erofltdáöfs kdkds orîe, fj trdzfr iflf`ênoes, d kfsnokd ke kerfs ifiã7 sud dnrïsnoje, retdáîe, ndse fbf eutres fstfcd fj pesoáîe tdos lîe neje3 prepênod7 e dbêvoe kf

 

bejidrfs f ld idrroad7 e dbêvoe kds tflsöfs7 d dnfbfrdáîe ke prearfsse ke pdrte7 uj jdos f`ftove f räpoke pfrêeke fxpubsove7 f, `oldbjfltf, rfbdxdjflte f ifj-fstdr.

E pdpfb kd keubd ld herd ke pdrte pekf sfr kf `ulkdjfltdb ojpertélnod, peos sud prexojokdkf fjenoeldb nej d arävokd `drä nej quf fstd kfpesotf lfbd suds olsfaurdláds f fspfrdláds. Ld herd ke pdrte ï nejuj d afstdltf fstdr flvebtd fj `ertfs fjeáöfs. Í fxpfntdtovd kd nhfadkd ke ifiã sejdj-sf d ker f e jfke. Le `oldb, ultd-sf e ndlsdáe. Lfssf jejflte, ndif í keubd dnebhfr trdlsjotolke í afstdltf `erád f trdlquobokdkf, jestrdlke qufnej fbd ndrolhe, ï ndpdz kf trdzfr de julke sfu tîe fspfrdke ifiã. D arävokd sþ prfnosd euvor osse, fsnutdr kf eutrd pfssed quf fbd ï ndpdz kf pdror sfu `obhe. ^flke pertdkerd kd ndbjd, d keubd pfrjotf í afstdltf `endr-sf le `dte jdrdvobhese kf tfr kfltre kf so sfu ifiã, e qudb fstä nhfadlke f fstf flneltre sfrä sud jdoer rfnejpflsd. [rdidbhdlke pdrd rfstdifbfnfr e fquobêiroe kds fjeáöfs kd pdrturofltf, d keubd nrod ds nelkoáöfs pdrd quf d jubhfr sf soltd sfaurd f fjpekfrdkd pdrd rfdbozdr sfu pdrte. ]er osse, dnojd kf tuke, d jdos ojpertdltf kf tekds ds tïnlonds ï d

 

nelsnofltozdáîe kd pre`ossoeldb. D keubd lîe kfvf qufrfr dtudr sfauolke uj jekfbe, jds, de nelträroe, sdifr rfdbozdr fssds prätonds le jejflte nfrte, nej rfspelsdiobokdkf f rfspfote pfbd afstdltf. Ï `uláîe kd keubd sfrvor kf vfênube dpeodker, erofltdker f pdno`ostd. Fbd olkond pessoiobokdkfs f ndjolhes, lîe ojpöf sudsnelvonáöfs. epoloöfs, juote jfles kotd jevojfltes eu tïnlondsjds idsfdkes fj suds D boifrkdkf f e korfote kf fsnebhd kd jubhfr kfvfj sfr sfjprf prfsfrvdkes. Dtotukfs drioträrods pekfj pûr tuke d pfrkfr. E eicftove óbtoje ke trdidbhe kd keubd ï e fjpekfrdjflte kd jubhfr (lîe e prþproe), e ifjfstdr kd arävokd f ke ifiã luj ldsnojflte sdukävfb f sfaure.

Ld vfrkdkf, d keubd ï neje uj perte sfaure pdrd ds afstdltfs. ]er osse, ï fssflnodb quf d keubd fstfcd nelsnofltf ke quf `dz f kf sud rfspelsdiobokdkf pdrd nej fssds vokds, d kd jîf f d ke ifiã, f d ke nejpdlhfore tdjiïj, dbïj kes kfjdos pre`ossoeldos flvebvokes. ^fauf fxfjpbes kf neje sfr ujd keubd ndtdstrþ`ond pdrd d pdrturofltf f tekes í sud vebtd f kf neje sfr ujd keubd nejpftfltf.

^fpdrdlke e ceoe ke troae. Vj tfstfjulhe kf keubd 

 

Frdj ujds sftf herds kd leotf qudlke jfu tfbf`elf tend. Jïkone fj surte, kfsfspfre tetdb. ‒Dbû, Jdrd5 Ied leotf. Ceîe qufj `dbd. Enupdkd5‚ ‒Ebä, Keuter. Lîe, fsteu bovrf.‚ ‒]fbe djer kf Kfus, prfnose kf venã fj uj pdrte. ]ekf vor pdrd nä5‚ ‒Nbdre, fsteu olke.‚ ]fae jolhd jdbolhd jäaond f soae ruje de hespotdb jdos nfsdrostd kd rfaoîe. De fltrdr le qudrte jf kfpdre nej ujd arävokd kf ;4 sfjdlds f nolne kods fj prdltes. Ï projoafstd f sfu jdoer kfsfce frd tfr uj pdrte ldturdb. E trdidbhe kf pdrte fstdvd trdvdke f fbd, vflke sfu selhe kf dles or per äaud didoxe, qufrod or fjierd ke hespotdb. E jdroke fstä fj strfss tetdb, djfdádlke prenfssdr f daotdr. E jïkone fstä kfsfspfrdke, peos hdvod dpestdke fj jdos uj pdrte ldturdb f daerd pdrfnf quf tflhd quf rfdbozdr ujd nfsärfd. D korfáîe ke hespotdb fj nojd kfbf. Tufj endsoeleu teke fssf tujubte5 Vjd keubd. Fssd jeád nelkuzou e trdidbhe kf pdrte kd arävokd, ojpelke suds epoloöfs f kfnosöfs. @eo orrfspelsävfb f drioträrod. F tuke osse fj lejf kf ‒fu seu ujd keubd‚. Fltreu fj nel`bote nej es pre`ossoeldos flvebvokes, olnbuolke fl`frjfords f korfáîe ke hespotdb. F, poer, nel`boteu nej d arävokd. Kr. Ceîe ï uj eistftrd quf nelhfáe cä hä idstdltf tfjpe. Ï uj ardlkf pre`ossoeldb. Dtï dnfotd dnejpdlhdr uj pdrte ldturdb, jds nej tekes es dnfssþroes de dbndlnf kd jîe. ]erïj, le dle pdssdke, fbf jf dnejpdlheu fj uj bolke pdrte ldturdb, lfssf jfsje hespotdb, f sf flndlteu nej e quf vou. Fbf lîe oltfrvfoe, sþ dssostou jfsje, dtï e jejflte kf dpdrdr e ifiã. @eo uj trdidbhe rfdbozdke nej rfspfote, sfj oltfrvfláöfs kfslfnfssärods, lfj kfbf lfj kd jolhd pdrtf neje keubd. E rfsubtdke `eo uj pdrte olnrêvfb. ]er neltd kosse, fbf voreu uj ‒dnfotdker kf keubds‚.

 

Kf rfpfltf, fbf nelhfnfu eutre tope kf keubd. Fssd jeád ï ujd pre`ossoeldb kf fkundáîe `êsond quf dnrfsnflteu ís suds qudbo`ondáöfs d kf keubd luj kes nurses kospelêvfos hecf le jfrndke. D arävokd ï ujd jubhfr kf 91 dles. Fbd okfdbozeu sfu pdrte kfskf es 4; dles. Tufr uj pdrte ldturdb, sfj oltfrvfláöfs kfslfnfssärods, nej rfspfote f boifrkdkf kf daor, nej ndrolhe f djer. Fbd tdjiïj sfjprf quos ujd keubd. F fbd tfj uj jdroke quf d dpeod olnelkonoeldbjfltf. D jdtfrlokdkf ï nfsdrostd per trdkoáîe, jds, le dle pdssdke, nelsfauou nej e Kr. Ceîe f fu quf `essf rfdbozdke uj pdrte ldturdb le qudrte. Vj vfrkdkfore jobdarf. Lfssd dbturd, e Kr. Ceîe fstä olkoaldke. ]drd fbf, d `oaurd kd keubd frd dqufbd pre`ossoeldb quf lîe nelkuz e pdrte, lîe oltojokd eu kfsrfspfotd, lîe darokf eu ojpöf ldkd. ]fbe nelträroe, d keubd jdltïj-sf ndbjd f fj sobãlnoe, rfspfotdlke f pfkolke pfrjossîe pdrd daor. @eo e quf fbf vou nejoae, juote ko`frfltf ke quf `fz fssd jeád quf d arävokd neltrdteu. Kfpeos kf juote nelvfrsdr nej d afstdltf, quf sþ nherdvd f pdrd d qudb daerd d pdbdvrd keubd frd solûloje kf strfss tetdb, nelvflno-d d kdr uj pdssfoe pfbd prdád prþxojd kd jdtfrlokdkf. Kfoxfo-d `dbdr f kfsdid`dr. Euvo tuke f d bfvfo pdrd tejdr uj servftf. Ndjolhdlke f idtflke pdpe d dndbjfo f d nelvflno d jf kdr ujd nhdlnf pdrd dcukäbd d rfsadtdr sfu pdrte tîe selhdke. Tudlke rfarfssdjes de hespotdb fbd fstdvd rolke, kf ponebï kf nhenebdtf ld jîe. D fstd vostd, e jdroke dndbjeu-sf f jf pfrjotou `ondr. Fstdvd ndber f d arävokd rfsebvfu tejdr uj idlhe. Neltoludvd dbfarf, ä tetdbjfltf bovrf kdqufbf pfse teke. Kf rfpfltf, kfidoxe ke nhuvfore, kossf3 ‒Do, dnhe quf e ifiã fstä ldsnflke…‚ Fbd sdou ke nhuvfore perquf lîe qufrod pdror bä. @eo e tfjpe kf dnenerdr f fos quf sfu `obhetf ldsnfu kd `erjd neje fbd qufrod. F, dssoj, tekes `ondrdj `fbozfs... Jïkone sdtos`fote f sfj rosnes kf prenfsse, ke jdroke hespotdb,f pdo qufdieidke rfnfifunej sfud nrod, pdadjflte, jubhfr rfdbozdkd fkorfáîe rfspfotdkd, f fu, pbfld per

 

jdos ujd vfz rfdbozdr jfu trdidbhe.

Jerdb kd hostþrod3 Ï per fssds f per eutrds, nej pre`ossoeldos olnejpftfltfs quf jftfj es pïs pfbds jîes, quf lîe sdifj rfspfotdr f qufrfj ojper tuke, dnhdlke quf ï dssoj quf sf nelquostd fspdáe f sf rfdbozd d hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte, quf ds pertds sîe `fnhdkds pdrd ds keubds, pdrd es pdrtes ldturdos f pdrd es dnejpdlhdltfs. ]drd jukdr d `erjd kf ldsnfr hä quf sf jukdr d `erjd kf daor. D dtudáîe kfvf sfr nej rfspfote, nejpftãlnod f hujobkdkf. ^dukävfb f sfaure.

 

1. Nuokdkes nej e pfrêlfe

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

Idbd Irdhjd (Irdhjd nrodlád), Irdhjd, e sflher kd nrodáîe, ï d kfokdkf quf prfsokf e projfore nhdgrd „ jubdkdrd. Ï rftrdtdke neje ujd nrodlád rdkodltf nej qudtre ndifáds f qudtre irdáes. ^ud pfbf ï kd ner kf dvfod. Vsd uj kheto (trdkonoeldb vfstf olkodld usdkd flrebdkd ld pdrtf ol`froer ke nerpe) djdrfbe f ujd fstebd vfrkf. Nej qudtre irdáes f qudtre ndifáds, Irdhjd vã lds qudtre korfáöfs de jfsje tfjpe. Ndkd ndifád rfprfsfltd uj kes qudtre dspfntes kd nelsnoãlnod hujdld, rfnelhfnokes neje3 e sfr `êsone, e sfr  rdnoeldb, e sfr fjenoeldb f e sfr oltuotove. Fj sfus qudtre irdáes Irdhjd sustfltd3 ujd `ber kf bþtus, ds fsnroturds sdardkds, uj vdse neltflke lïntdr f lujd kds jîes `dz e jukrd quf nelnfkf e kfstfjer. Irdhjd dpdrfnf kurdltf ds herds kf busne-`usne ke nrfpósnube f ke djdlhfnfr. Dtrdvïs kf sud vosudbozdáîe olvendjes ndbjd f pdz pdrd d jfltf. [ekes es jfkes f olsfaurdláds sîe rfsebvokes dtrdvïs ke ^flher Irdhjd, e nrodker sfjprf dtflte.

 

Hdrosh Cehdro 

E pfrêlfe ï d rfaoîe quf vdo sfr dbve, eu jfbher, pdbne kf ujd ardlkf dvflturd, ujd trdvfssod. vod orä uj leve Kurdltf sfr hujdle, quf `eo afstdke fj terle]er kf fstd 900 kods lepdssdr ótfre jdtfrle. tekd afstdáîe ï prfnose prfpdrdr e pfrêlfe pdrd e jejflte `oldb, quf ï e ldsnojflte. E use kf þbfes kf jdssdafls, neje ndbãlkubd, djãlkeds f frvd kenf, per fxfjpbe, sfrvf pdrd hokrdtdr d pfbf ke nerpe (seirftuke kd idrroad), quf bfltdjfltf vdo sf kostflkflke de belae kd ardvokfz. Fbfs tdjiïj pekfj sfr usdkes ld hokrdtdáîe ke pfrêlfe, `ertdbfnflke d pfbf f junesd pdrd e trdidbhe kf pdrte. Ndkd rfaoîe ke lesse pdês tfj suds frvds jfkonoldos jdos pepubdrfs, es þbfes fssflnodos sîe fxtrdêkes d pdrtor kf frvds drejätonds. Fxfrnênoes quf `ertdbfádj d jusnubdturd, ifj neje fxfrnênoes kf `bfxoiobozdáîe kd rfaoîe kd idnod, sîe eutrd `erjd kf prfpdrdáîe, afrdj ujd oltfarokdkf ld nelsnoãlnod `fjolold kf teke drndieuáe estfejusnubdr. Vj kfstdquf kf ojpertélnod pdrd d jubhfr arävokd ï fstf trdidbhe psone`êsone nelsnofltf kfstd pdrtf ke nerpe quf tfrä pdpfb `ulkdjfltdb le kfs`fnhe kd ardvokfz. D prätond kf yead, pobdtfs f hokreaolästond pdrd afstdltfs ï ied epáîe. Nelvïj fstojubdr ds afstdltfs í prätond kf dtovokdkfs `êsonds quf pessdj afrdr fstd nelsnoãlnod nerperdb fspfnê`ond. E pfrêlfe nerrfspelkf de projfore nhdnrd, nhdjdke kf jubdkdrd ld trdkoáîe kd _ead. Jubdkdrd soalo`ond `ulkdáîe. Fstd rfaoîe ï flndrrfadkd kd flfraod sfxudb, kes prenfsses uroläroes f kd `erád quf fjpurrd e ifiã kfskf e ótfre dtï e ldsnojflte. Fstf nelhfnojflte duxobodr trdz nelsoae ujd jdoer nel`odlád kd jubhfr fj sud ndpdnokdkf kf supertdr d ker f sfr dtovd le sfu pdrte. Le trdidbhe kf pdrte kurdltf e pfrêeke fxpubsove, d prfsflád kf äaud jerld ld rfaoîe pfrolfdb ï kf ardlkf dcukd le sfltoke ke dbêvoe kd ker f

 

ld prfvfláîe kf bdnfrdáöfs. ^f e pdrte ï ld äaud, fstdjes lds jfbherfs nelkoáöfs, jds pekfjes tdjiïj utobozdr nejprfssds jerlds qudlke fj eutrd nel`oaurdáîe ke pdrte. Hä neosds sojpbfs quf lessds dvþs f suds dltfnfsserds sdiodj f quf, dolkd hecf, sîe jdltokds le trdidbhe kds pdrtfords3 `frvfr äaud, nebendr lujd idnod, fj kuds kf prf`frãlnod, trendkds sfjprf quf lfnfssäroe7 pekf-sf usdr `rdbkds kf ifiã, tflke í kospesoáîe ujds 46 kfbds. Ï pessêvfb nebendr frvds jfkonoldos ld äaud, dqufbds quf tãj f`fotes ndbjdltfs f dlto-ol`bdjdtþroes. @dzfr nejprfssds kf äaud jerld nej bfvf prfssîe seirf e pfrêlfe kurdltf ds neltrdáöfs ke pfrêeke fxpubsove. Ds nejprfssds kfvfj sfr trendkds d teke jejflte pdrd jdltfr d tfjpfrdturd dqufnokd ld rfaoîe. Tudlke enerrf e neredjflte kd ndifád ke ifiã, d pdrtford `dz ujd bfvf prfssîe nelträrod í sdêkd nej d nejprfssd jerld, f`ondz ld prfvfláîe kf bdnfrdáöfs. Tudlte í pesoáîe kd jubhfr le jejflte kd fxpubsîe, fssd ï qufstîe olkovokudb f qufj dtflkf e pdrte tfj quf sf dkdptdr de quf `ondr jfbher pdrd d pdrturofltf, peos ï lfbd quf fstä dneltfnflke e prenfsse, f lþs sejes duxobodrfs. Kä sfjprf pdrd flneltrdr ujd `erjd quf dnejekf d jubhfr, e pdo ke ifiã f d pdrtford lujd oltfrdáîe dkfqudkd. ]drtford f pdrturofltf tãj quf fstdr fj nelfxîe pre`ulkd, dssoj es jevojfltes nfrtes d ndkd ftdpd terldj-sf uj neltêlue. ]fquflds bdnfrdáöfs pekfj dneltfnfr, jds e use kf nejprfssds f idlhes kf dssflte nej frvds ï su`onofltf pdrd d nondtrozdáîe. n ondtrozdáîe. @rfkfrong Bfieyfr kfsnrfvf, kf `erjd peïtond, d pdssdafj ke ifiã pfbe pfrêlfe, le bovre ‒^f Jf Neltdssfj e ]drte‚, päaold 494. ‒D trdvfssod ke pfrêlfe ]frêlfe ï e lejf kdke d uj nelculte kf jósnubes f `äsnods quf `fnhd per  idoxe d ndvokdkf dikejoldb, `erjdlke uj sedbhe pdrd es þraîes lfbf neltokes, fltrf es qudos e ótfre, elkf sf flneltrd d nrodlád. Fssf sedbhe tfj keos ero`ênoes3 d vubvd, ld `rfltf, `flkd dbeladkd, e élus, dträs, quf ï nornubdr. Fssfs keos ero`ênoes sîe nfrndkes per fs`êlntfrfs, quf es jdltãj

 

lerjdbjfltf `fnhdkes7 ero`ênoes, fs`êlntfrfs quf, dpfsdr kf sfrfj ‟keos‘, dquo  ld vfrkdkf ï neje sf `essfj uj, peos djies tfrîe kf dkfbadádr-sf, sujor   pdrd diror diror f kfoxdr d nd ndifád ifád pdssd pdssdr. r. E `dte kf ‒es keos‚ pdrtonopdrfj ke quf sf nhdjd ‟djpbodáîe ke pfrêlfe‘ ï fxpbondke per sud eroafj nejuj, peos djies kfrovdj kd nbednd, f per es keos sfrfj `erjdkes pfbds `oirds jusnubdrfs quf, kd `rfltf pdrd träs, fltrfnruzdjsf prfnosdjfltf luj pelte fltrf d vubvd f e élus, `erjdlke uj ardlkf voaerese ‘8‟.  Cä sf pfrnfif quf vubvd f e élus vîe pdrtonopdr dtovdjfltf kfstf óbtoje dte, kfssd fxpubsîe, dkfbadádlke f sujolke de jfsje tfjpe, pdrdbfbdjfltf. F ï ardáds d fssd dáîe nejioldkd quf d ndifád kfvfrä pekfr pdssdr. Fssfs keos fs`êlntfrfs sîe uj eistänube ifj jfles `ertf ke quf `eo e nebe ke ótfre. ]er osse, d ndifád nelsfauf pdssdr jdos kfprfssd. Jds lfj per osse sîe jfles sflsêvfos3 qudlke, fj eutrds nornulstélnods, per rdzöfs noróraonds ï  prfnose kobdtdr e élus, per fxfjpbe, kfvf-sf usdr `ertf dlfstfsod. Tudlte de fs`êlntfr kd vubvd, trdlspû-be ï, seirftuke, qufstîe kf nelsfltojflte pre`ulke kd jubhfr. E élus kfvf, peos, diror-sf, dpdadr-sf de jfsje tfjpe, dssoj neje d vubvd, d kobdtdáîe kes keos ï pdrdbfbd. Erd, d difrturd ke fs`êlntfr, sud ‘kfrretd‟, ï d kfrrendkd kf tuke e quf tîe ko`onobjfltf nelstruou d fkundáîe, e pflese dprflkozdke kd neltolãlnod. ...kfnfrte ï pfbd vubvd quf d nrodlád sdo, jds nej d dluãlnod, d nelovãlnod ke élus, sfj nucd kostflsîe d vubvd lîe ï ndpdz, kf sf kostflkfr e su`onofltf.  Djpbodáîe33 terldr-sf d  Djpbodáîe djpbe, jpbe, vdste, af aflfrese, lfrese, dif difrte. rte. ...Ld vfrkdkf ï e nerpe teke ke ifiã quf sfauf sflke fjpurrdke pfbds neltrdáöfs, quf daerd kfsdtdj kf vfz, f d vubvd sf kostflkf. sþ kostflsîe dtolaorä d quf djpbokîe d dcukd élus,quf, quf sf Jds kfoxde pfrêlfe kostflkfr, nhfadlfnfssärod, d jdos kfnej 6nj! Pubvd ke f élus dirolke-sf, sf fnbopsdj, dtfludj-sf pfroaesdjfltf. ...es tfnokes quf nornulkdj es keos ero`ênoes de sf dkfbadádrfj terldj-sf `rdaêbojes. D ndifád lîe qufr sdifr kf pdrdr, peos e tfjpe kds kfbelads, kd tfjperozdáîe, cä tfrjoleu7 daerd nujprf pdssdr nustf e quf nustdr. Yfsubtdke3 tuke pekf sf rdsadr‚.

@rfkfrong Bfieyfr dbfrtd pdrd e nuokdke nej fstd rfaoîe, seirf fbd d `erád kd ldturfzd sf kfsdid! Kfbondkd ï sud fstruturd, perïj, nej kfvoke prfpdre kurdltf ardvokfz, f fspfnodbjfltf le pfrêeke fxpubsove ke pdrte, elkf tekd d prfssîe ï jäxojd, pekf-sf vovflnodr culte

 

nej d pdrturofltf fstf bujolese olstdltf kf purd ifbfzd le qudb d vokd kfsdirenhd!

 

8. D ker le pdrte3 jïtekes lîe `drjdnebþaones pdrd sfu dbêvoe Kobjdrd @rforf f Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

Ds kerfs ke pdrte nelstotufj uj kes jdoerfs jfkes kd `uturd jîf. Fstdr ol`erjdkd f sdifr neje bokdr nej fssd ‒ker‚ orä dcukdr d jubhfr arävokd d pdssdr pfbe trdidbhe kf pdrte f e pdrte nej jdos ldturdbokdkf. D Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kf ^dókf (EJ^) kf`flkf d ojpertélnod kf fxpberdr es jïtekes lîe-`drjdnebþaones kf dbêvoe kd ker, peos fbfs sîe jdos sfaures f dndrrftdj jfles oltfrvfláöfs ke quf es jïtekes `drjdnebþaones (tdos neje d dldbafsod fpokurdb). D EJ^ tdjiïj kf`flkf quf d fsnebhd ol`erjdkd kd jubhfr kfvfrä sfr rfspfotdkd.

]er quf hä ker le pdrte5 Ds ndusds `osoebþaonds kd ker sîe d kojoluoáîe ke dpertf kf exoaãloe pdrd d jusnubdturd utfrold, e fstordjflte nfrvondb, vdaoldb f pfrolfdb

 

kurdltf e pfrêeke fxpubsove, e strfss jdtfrle f e idoxe bojodr suicftove kf tebfrélnod í ker. Fxostfj, pertdlte, keos `dterfs quf nel`bufj ld fxpfroãlnod kd ker3 per uj bdke, hä d neltrdtobokdkf utfrold, `osoebþaond f lerjdb, quf sf terld jdos `rfqufltf f jdos oltflsd í jfkokd quf e ldsnojflte kedujfltdj ifiã sf dprexojd7 per eutreutfrold bdke, hä strfss, ds tflsöfs f jfkes quf d neltrdtobokdkf f erfkuzfj d kurdáîe kes oltfrvdbes fltrf ds neltrdáöfs. Lîe ï pessêvfb prfvfr e lêvfb kf oltflsokdkf kd ker pdrd ndkd jubhfr fj sfu trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Neltuke es `dterfs quf pekfj ol`buflnodr pesotovd eu lfadtovdjfltf seirf d oltflsokdkf kd ker sîe kf lesse nelhfnojflte. ^îe fbfs3 d dlsofkdkf, e jfke, d tflsîe, e hostþrone kf vokd, d nubturd f es `dterfs djiofltdos. Le fltdlte ï juote ojpertdltf fstdr nelsnofltfs kd eroafj ldturdb kd ker f kf sud neletdáîe kf sdókf, peos ï pdrtf kd `osoebeaod lerjdb ke trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. ^f ds afstdltfs sf prfpdrdrfj psonebeaondjfltf, dnfotdlke ds neltrdáöfs neje elkds flfraïtonds nrfsnfltfs quf vîe bhfs kdr d `erád lfnfssärod pdrd fjpurrdrfj sfu ifiã pdrd e ldsnojflte, lîe sfltorîe rfnfoe f lîe fstdrîe tîe tflsds kurdltf teke e prenfsse, fvotdlke, dssoj, quf d oltflsokdkf kd ker dujfltf pdrd vdberfs olneltrebävfos. E prolnopdb ï d jubhfr dnrfkotdr fj so jfsjd, sdifr quf tuke e quf fstä sfltolke ï kfnerrãlnod kf uj bolke prenfsse ldturdb f sdukävfb, lîe kf ujd pdtebeaod. Nrflke `orjfjfltf fj sud ldturfzd `fjolold f quf sfu nerpe fstä jdos ke quf prfpdrdke pdrd quf teke fssf prenfsse kf pdrte trdlsnerrd sfj preibfjds, d jubhfr nelsfauf dujfltdr sfu bojodr í ker.

Fxostfj tïnlonds fspfnê`onds pdrd e dbêvoe kd ker5 Dbaujds tïnlonds f pesonoeldjfltes fspfnê`ones pdrd d rfkuáîe kd ker, tdos neje fxfrnênoes `êsones, rfspordtþroes f kf rfbdxdjflte, sîe, afrdbjfltf, lds fdubds kf prfpdrdáîe pdrd e pdrte. Fbds prejevfj eflsoldkes rfbdxdjflte e dbêvoe kd ker, adrdltolke e dpertf

 

lfnfssäroe kf exoaãloe kurdltf ds neltrdáöfs, tdlte pdrd d afstdltf qudlte pdrd e ifiã. [îe ojpertdltf qudlte fstds tïnlonds ï quf d jubhfr tflhd boifrkdkf pdrd sfauor kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f e pdrte e quf sud ldturfzd nerperdb bhf pfkor f, dssoj, fsnebhfr e quf bhf trdrä e jdoer iflf`ênoe.

D ker ï oaudb pdrd teke tope kf pdrte5 Ds kerfs kf uj pdrte ldturdb sîe tetdbjfltf kostoltds kdqufbds kfnerrfltfs kf uj pdrte olkuzoke. Luj trdidbhe kf pdrte lîe jfkondbozdke hdvfrä d boifrdáîe ldturdb kf herjûloes pdrd e dbêvoe kd ker. Fssfs herjûloes sîe prekuzokes pfbe prþproe eradlosje, f fltrf fbfs hä d enotenold f d flker`old. D enotenold `osoebþaond boifrdkd ldturdbjfltf adrdltf ujd prearfssîe ardkudb kd oltflsokdkf kds neltrdáöfs, flqudlte ds flker`olds dtudj neje rfbdxdltfs f dldbaïsones ldturdos. Nej oste, d ldturdb `osoebeaod ke nerpe `fjolole ojpfkf quf ds kerfs sf terlfj per kfjdos oltflsds, prfsfrvdlke uj rotje sudvf pdrd e ldsnojflte. Neltuke d boifrdáîe herjeldb pekf sfr oloiokd qudlke hä jfke f dlsofkdkf. D jubhfr tebhokd fj sud boifrkdkf kf jevojfltes sfltorä kerfs juote jdos oltflsds, f e jfsje enerrfrä qudlke fbd lîe fxpfrojfltdr ujd sflsdáîe kf sfaurdlád f kf fstdr í veltdkf kurdltf e prenfsse kf trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte.

Es jïtekes lîe `drjdnebþaones pdrd e dbêvoe kd ker sîe3 4. Posudbozdáîe f dtfláîe ld prþprod rfspordáîe7 r fspordáîe7 9. Dpeoe ke dnejpdlhdltf f/eu kd keubd7 >. Djiofltf dnelnhfadltf3 buz djfld, jósond trdlquobd fsnebhokd pfbd afstdltf, eu sojpbfsjfltf lflhuj sej, provdnokdkf, dnelnhfae f rfspfote des kfsfces kd jfsjd7 ;. Kfdjiubdáîe f pesoáöfs fspfnê`onds pdrd `dnobotdr d kobdtdáîe f d kfsnokd ke ifiã, tdos neje3 idbdládr d pfbvf, kdládr nej e

 

pdrnfore eu sezolhd, ndjolhdr, utobozdr d iebd suêád ftn.7 6.  [equfs f jdssdafls nej þbfes fssflnodos, ndrênods sudvfs, neltrdprfssîe ld rfaoîe bejidr eu elkf d afstdltf lfnfssotf7 0. Fsndbkd-pïs7

1.  Vtobozdáîe kf dpbondáîe kf ndber eu `roe nej iebsds kf äaud qufltf eu `rod, olnbusovf rf`rfsndlke e reste kd pdrturofltf nej ujd tedbhd7 8. [FL^3 fstojubdáîe fbïtrond trdlsnutélfd7 ?. Ojfrsîe ld äaud7 4=. Dnupulturd7 44. Drejdtfrdpod7 49. Nrejetfrdpod. Iflf`ênoes kes jïtekes dnojd  4. [ïnlonds kf rfbdxdjflte f rfspordáîe.  Jfkotdáîe f yead jdltãj idoxe e lêvfb kf dlsofkdkf, rfkuzolke olkorftdjfltf d pfrnfpáîe kd ker f e kfsnel`erte. 9. Dpeoe ke dnejpdlhdltf f kd keubd kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte.  Fstukes nejprevdj quf ds pdrturofltfs quf rfnfifrdj e dpeoe kf uj dnejpdlhdltf kf sud fsnebhd f/eu kf sud keubd tãj jdoer sdtos`dáîe nej d fxpfroãlnod ke trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Le fltdlte d prfsflád kf uj dnejpdlhdltf, jfsje quf fsnebhoke per fbd, lîe pekf sfr nelsokfrdkd, per so sþ, solûloje kf supertf. Ï lfnfssäroe quf fstd pfssed fstfcd prfpdrdkd f tflhd nelkoáöfs pdrd e`frfnfr jfkokds kf nel`erte `êsone f fjenoeldb pdrd d pdrturofltf. Dssoj, d prfpdrdáîe pdrd e pdrte ï tdjiïj fssflnodb pdrd es dnejpdlhdltfs. >. Djiofltf.  ]eund nbdrokdkf f uj djiofltf trdlquobe f hdrjeloese prepernoeldrîe í afstdltf jdoer ifj-fstdr fjenoeldb, nej osse d jubhfr pekfrä sf sfltor jdos rfbdxdkd f

 

nelsfqufltfjfltf nej jfles prepflsîe í ker. E use kd jósond tdjiïj neltroiuo pdrd uj djiofltf jdos dnelnhfadltf, jds, ís vfzfs, e sobãlnoe ï prf`frêvfb. ]er `oj, ï prfnose dvfroaudr sf ds pfsseds per pfrte dcukdj d nrodr e djiofltf nfrte eu lîe. ^f lîe fstovfrfj dcukdlke ï prfnose quf sf d`dstfj. E lójfre kfbds ï eutre `dter quf ol`buflnod, peos d provdnokdkf f d ndbjd kurdltf e pdrte rfqufrfj ujd qudltokdkf bojotdkd kf pfsseds. ;. Kfdjiubdáîe f pesoáöfs fspfnê`onds quf `dverfnfj d  kobdtdáîe f kfsnokd ke ifiã.  D pesoáîe vfrtondb tfj soke kfstdndkd ld dssostãlnod de pdrte hujdlozdke per dcukdr d prearfssîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, peos prejevf d nornubdáîe utfrold f pfrjotf quf ds `oirds jusnubdrfs nujprdj sud `uláîe nelträntob kf ujd `erjd jdos f`onofltf, e quf rfsubtd lujd kurdáîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte jfler. D kfdjiubdáîe fstä dssenodkd d uj êlkonf rfkuzoke kf nfsdrodlds f de use jfles `rfqufltf kf jfkondjfltes dldbaïsones, perquf kojoluo d sflsdáîe kf ker. D utobozdáîe kd iebd suêád, kf nerkds f kf eutres kospesotoves quf pfrjotfj e idbdlnfdr kd pïbvos sîe dbauls kes rfnurses quf neltroiufj pdrd dirdlkdr d ker f dujfltdr d sflsdáîe kf nel`erte. Ï `ulkdjfltdb quf d jubhfr tflhd pbfld boifrkdkf pdrd fsnebhfr sfus jevojfltes f pesturds.

6. [equfs f jdssdafls. D prätond nbêlond jestrd e ardlkf f`fote sudvozdker quf d jdssdafj pekf prepernoeldr de boifrdr herjûloes dldbaïsones f rfbdxdltfs. ^îe kovfrses es topes kf jdssdafls quf pekfj sfr rfdbozdkes pdrd e dbêvoe kd ker kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte, d jdssdafj pekf sfr pïbvond, fj peltes kf dnupulturd, `fotd nej afbe, nejprfssds qufltfs eu þbfes fssflnodos. Kfskf quf d pdrturofltf sf soltd nel`ertävfb, lîe hä f`fotes nebdtfrdos. 0. Fsndbkd-pïs. Nebendr es pïs fj ujd idnod nej äaud qufltf dtï d dbturd kes terlezfbes dbovod e ndlsdáe f e olnhdáe kds

 

pfrlds, dbïj kf `ulnoeldr neje uj sdlte rfjïkoe neltrd e fstrfssf. D afstdltf sþ prfnosd `ondr dtfltd í tfjpfrdturd kd äaud. E okfdb ï quf fbd lîe ubtrdpdssf es >1½ N, fvotdlke, dssoj, dbtfrdáöfs ld nornubdáîe sdlauêlfd. Dnrfsnfltdr uj peune kf sdb jdrolhe, frvds ldturdos f þbfes fssflnodos dujfltdj dolkd jdos sfus f`fotes rfbdxdltfs. 1. Iebsds kf äaud qufltf. E use kd äaud qufltf le trdidbhe kf pdrte ï uj fxnfbfltf nedkcuvdltf le nejidtf í tflsîe f í ker. Nebendkds ld rfaoîe bejidr, ds iebsds kf äaud qufltf prejevfj ardlkf nel`erte. Ds iebsds kf afbe sîe jdos usdkds pdrd d rfaoîe pfrolfdb pdrd e dbêvoe kf fvfltudos kerfs le pþspdrte. 8.  [FL^.  [rdtd-sf kf uj jïteke nejprevdkdjfltf sfaure, kf idoxe f osflte kf f`fotes ojpubses nebdtfrdos fbïtrones jdtfrle-`ftdos. D tïnlondnuste nelsostf fj dkjolostrdr kf idoxd vebtdafj dtrdvïs kf fbïtrekes nebendkes seirf d pfbf f boadkes d uj pfqufle dpdrfbhe pertätob neltrebdke pfbd prþprod jubhfr. Fjierd pessd sfr dpbondke d qudbqufr jejflte kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, e [FL^ ï jdos f`ftove lds `dsfs olonodos. ?. Ojfrsîe ld äaud. D ojfrsîe fj äaud í tfjpfrdturd ke nerpe dcukd d rfkuzor e lêvfb kf dkrfldbold kd jubhfr f fstojubd d boifrdáîe kf enotenold, d herjeld-nhdvf ke pdrte. Fstd rfspestd `osoebþaond í äaud bfvd í kojoluoáîe kd oltflsokdkf kd ker f, de jfsje tfjpe, `dnobotd d kobdtdáîe. Ifj-fstdr, pdz oltfroer f jdoer neltrebf kd sotudáîe sîe es iflf`ênoes kfsnrotes pfbd ardlkf jdoerod kds jubhfrfs quf fxpfrojfltdj e use kd äaud kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f/eu e pdrte. Päroes fstukes jestrdj quf d utobozdáîe kd äaud le trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte neltroiuo pdrd d rfkuáîe ke lójfre kf nfsdrodlds, kds olkuáöfs kf pdrte, kes pfkokes kf fpokurdb f ke use kf `þrnfps eu vfltesds. 4=. Dnupulturd. D utobozdáîe kd dnupulturd kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f e ldsnojflte tfj e f`fote kf rfkuzor d lfnfssokdkf ke

 

use kf jfkondjfltes pdrd ker eu kf jïtekes jdos olvdsoves pdrd e dbêvoe kd ker, neje dldbafsod fpokurdb. Es duterfs kf uj fstuke rfdbozdke le Ddrhus Vlovfrsoty Hespotdb, ld Hebdlkd, nelnbuêrdj quf fssd tfrdpod ï f`ondz f pekf sfr dpbondkd le trdidbhe kf pdrte per pfsseds trfoldkds, neje, per fxfjpbe, es `osoetfrdpfutds dnupulturostds. ]drd kojoluor d ker le trdidbhe kf pdrte, e dnupulturostd olsfrf daubhds les peltes rfspelsävfos pfbd boifrtdáîe kf flker`olds. Fstf jïteke pekf tdjiïj sfr usdke pdrd flnerdcdr d kobdtdáîe f prejevfr d fxpubsîe ke `fte. 44. Drejdtfrdpod. Fstd ï ujd tïnlond quf utobozd þbfes fssflnodos fxtrdêkes kds pbdltds pdrd `ols jfkonoldos. D drejdtfrdpod `ulnoeld, seirftuke, pdrd prejevfr e rfbdxdjflte kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, jds, dssenodkd í jdssdafj, dbovod ds kerfs bejidrfs tdjiïj. Es þbfes pekfj sfr dpbondkes (kobuêkes nej þbfes vfaftdos) korftdjfltf seirf d pfbf dtrdvïs kf ujd bfvf jdssdafj, le idlhe eu fj nejprfssds. Ld Olabdtfrrd, d drejdtfrdpod ï juote utobozdkd lds sdbds kf pdrte, fspfnodbjfltf per pdrtfords. Vj fstuke ke Ex`erk Nfltrf `er Hfdbth Ndrf Yfsfdrnh, le Yfole Vloke, quf dirdlafu 8=68 jubhfrfs fltrf 4??= f 4??8, nelnbuou quf 6=% kds pdrturofltfs nelsokfrdrdj d drejdtfrdpod vdltdcesd. E fstuke kfjelstreu, dolkd, quf d dkjolostrdáîe kf þbfes fssflnodos ld sdbd kf pdrte rfkuzou d utobozdáîe kf dldbaïsones nelvflnoeldos. 49. Nrejetfrdpod.  Fstf ï e nelhfnojflte ke f`fote kds nerfs seirf lessd sdókf `êsond, fjenoeldb f psonebþaond. Le pdrte, e use kf kftfrjoldkds nerfs rfbdxd kurdltf ds neltrdáöfs f sudvozd juote ds sflsdáöfs `ertfs kf ker ld fxpubsîe qudlke dpbondke korftdjfltf seirf d vubvd. Dpfsdr kds nerfs tfrfj soalo`ondkes afrdos väbokes pdrd tekes, ï ojpertdltf quf qufj sf utobozd kfssd tfrdpod tflhd e nelhfnojflte f d sflsoiobokdkf lfnfssäroes pdrd sdifr fsnebhfr d ner nfrtd quf sf dpbond d kftfrjoldkd jubhfr.

 

Jfsje sflke f`ondzfs, es rfnurses dquo obustrdkes lîe nelstotufj uj retfore quf kfvf sfr dpbondke jfndlondjfltf. D afstdltf pekf sojpbfsjfltf prfnosdr sfauor sfus olstoltes kf `ãjfd, pfrjdlfnflke le sfu sobãlnoe f nelnfltrdáîe. Ndif í keubd kosnfrlor qudlke ï herd kf daor f qudlke fbd kfvf rftrdor-sf f dnejpdlhdr d jubhfr nej kosnroáîe. Ï prfnose `rosdr quf es jïtekes lîe `drjdnebþaones kf rfbdxdjflte f dbêvoe kd ker lîe fbojoldj d ker per nejpbfte. Fltrftdlte fbfs nelstotufj uj nelculte kf olstrujfltes f`ftoves pdrd rfkuzor d lfnfssokdkf kf oltfrvfláöfs, fvotdr trdujdtosjes le pfrêlfe f `dverfnfr ujd fxpfroãlnod kf pdrte pre`ulkd f sdtos`dtþrod pdrd d jubhfr f uj ldsnojflte sudvf f rfspfotdke pdrd e ifiã.

 

?. Oltfboaãlnod Fjenoeldb kd Keubd

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

^fr keubds lîe ï ujd pre`ossîe oltfbfntudb. Fbd fstä idsfdkd jdos ld prätond f ld vovãlnod ke quf fj nelhfnojfltes rdnoeldos, quf sîe ótfos, jds lîe olkospflsävfos pdrd sf eitfr iels rfsubtdkes. Vjd keubd pekfrod rfdbozdr uj trdidbhe fxnfbfltf sejfltf usdlke sud oltuoáîe, iej sflse f dvdbodáîe fjenoeldb kd sotudáîe. F, ís vfzfs, fssd ï d pdrtf jdos ko`ênob ke lfaþnoe kf sfr keubd. Oltfboaãlnod fjenoeldb soalo`ond sdifr bokdr nej ds fjeáöfs, nejfádlke nej ds prþprods. E pelte kf pdrtokd ï lesse julke fjenoeldb, sþ kfpeos ï pessêvfb nejprfflkfr e kes eutres. Lfj tekds ds fjeáöfs, fltrftdlte, sîe nelsnofltfs, cä quf lfj sfjprf les kdjes neltd ke quf sfltojes7 olnbusovf, fjeáöfs pekfj sf dprfsfltdr nel`usds ujds nej ds eutrds. Fltîe, e projforêssoje pdsse nelsostf fj tejdr nelhfnojflte f `dzfr djozdkf  nej lessds prþprods fjeáöfs. Fstd ï ujd fxoaãlnod fssflnodb le trdidbhe kf keubd. D ldturfzd kds fjeáöfs ï pfnubodr. Lujd fsndbd okfdb f oltfardkd kd dbjd hujdld, fbds sf bendbozdj ldqufbd rfaoîe quf `dz `reltford nej e nerpe, nej e sejätone. Es sfltojfltes, le pebe epeste, fstîe jdos prþxojes kd nelsnoãlnod f sîe ujd vfrsîe se`ostondkd f rdnoeldb ke quf sfltojes. Ds fjeáöfs les nhfadj jfsnbdkds d pfrnfpáöfs `êsonds f, juotds vfzfs, sfqufr ï pessêvfb kostolauor sf e quf sfltojes pfrtflnf de nerpe eu í psoquf. Päroes sîe es dspfntes `êsones afrdbjfltf dssenodkes ís fjeáöfs3 tdquondrkod, jîes `rods, nerpe ndrrfadke kf flfraods eu bftäraone, selebãlnod eu pfrkd ke sele, dpfrte le pfote eu ld adradltd, kerfs kf ndifád ftn.  D ldturdb `osoebeaod ke nerpe jukd nel`erjf ds fjeáöfs quf sfltojes f ï per fstf jetove quf uj pdrte pekf jeko`ondr sfu pfrnurse fspfrdke. E precfte kf pdrte quf sf nroeu kurdltf d ardvokfz,

 

kf ndifád `rod, kostdltf kd vovãlnod vovd f oltflsd ke jejflte ke pdrte, pekf se`rfr ujd krästond jukdlád sfj quf d pdrturofltf f d fquopf nejprfflkdj ifj e perquã. Des f`fotes `êsones cultdj-sf es jfltdos3 sfrflokdkf f nel`odlád, eu nel`usîe f pfrkd kd bunokfz. Ds fjeáöfs tolafj lessd vosîe ke julke. ^îe bfltfs quf les `dzfj vfr d rfdbokdkf oltfrld f fxtfrld kf jdlford neberokd, erd ner-kf-resd, erd nolzd, prfte, vfrjfbhe ftn.  D teldbokdkf d`ftovd quf fbds dnrfsnfltdj ís lessds fxpfroãlnods les prfkospöfj pesotovd eu lfadtovdjfltf pdrd nej fbds, ol`buflnodlke lessd nejprfflsîe kd rfdbokdkf f `dverfnflke d dnfotdáîe eu rfcfoáîe kf kftfrjoldkds sotudáöfs. Lesse pflsdr lîe ï lulnd nejpbftdjfltf dbhfoe ís fjeáöfs, quf, neje e `eae, nezolhd es pflsdjfltes le drndone ndbkforîe kd `osonokdkf. Dbndládr ujd eicftovokdkf hujdldjfltf pessêvfb rfqufr uj ardlkf kejêloe kes fbfjfltes fj ceae, eu sfcd, ï fssflnodb nelhfnfr d so jfsjes. Fltrftdlte d `oldbokdkf lîe ï kejoldr ds fjeáöfs, nelsokfrdlke-ds neje lfadtovds. @eo dssoj quf d nubturd enokfltdb, quf sfpdrd jfltf f nerpe, nroeu es `dltdsjds f ibequfoes oltfrles, perquf rfcfoteu ds fjeáöfs neje uj fjpfnobhe í rdzîe f í jerdbokdkf. Fstd dtotukf, dolkd juote vovd, prekuz sejdtozdáöfs f preibfjds sfj `oj, dbïj kf `dbhdr nejpbftdjfltf kf oltfboaãlnod. Ds fjeáöfs, de nelträroe ke quf sf pflsd, tãj soalo`ondkes ojpertdltfs pdrd e lesse kfsflvebvojflte. Fbds sîe jflsdafls, neltdj dbaujd neosd quf prfnosdjes nejprfflkfr pdrd vovfr jfbher, pdrd jfbher les dkdptdrjes le julke f les dprojerdrjes neje sfrfs hujdles. Ï fvokfltf quf ï prfnose quf d keubd dprflkd d bokdr nej ds fjeáöfs prþprods pdrd pekfr dcukdr d jubhfr fj trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Lfstd fxpfroãlnod, d kfspfote kf tekes es draujfltes f precftes rdnoeldos, dbae kf pre`ulkdjfltf orrdnoeldb dneltfnf. Dbae quf tfj pre`ulke soalo`ondke, jds lîe sfauf d bþaond ke fae nelsnofltf, eu dqufbd ke julke kf tekes es kods de qudb fstdjes dnestujdkes. D bþaond ke pdr pdrte te ï kf eutrd erkfj, tîe êltojd f prþxojd kf lessd ndrlf qudlte

 

kfsnelhfnokd. Fstd oalerélnod ï nubturdb f psonebþaond, jetove pfbe qudb kfspfrtd dolkd jdos fjeáöfs. Vjd olkêafld prevdvfbjfltf tfrä jfles tflsîe fjenoeldb oltfrld dltfs f kurdltf e pdrte ke quf ujd jubhfr uridld dnubturdkd f dbofldkd kf sfus prenfsses `osoebþaones, f sfj sfqufr fxpfroãlnods kf pdrtes kf djoads f `djobodrfs. E projfore pdsse pdrd d keubd ï, fltîe, dvdbodr nuokdkesdjfltf sfus jfkes f olsfaurdláds. Dssujor fstd dtotukf ï nebendr-sf le ndjolhe nfrtfore pdrd rfsebvã-bes, eu qudlte jfles ojpfkor quf fbfs d fxtrdvofj kf uj dtflkojflte kf qudbokdkf. Pfcdjes dbaujds kds kóvokds jdos nejuls quf ujd keubd pekf tfr3 • Nelsfauorfo pdssdr jolhd jflsdafj f ol`buflnodr eutrds jubhfrfs5 • Nej tuke e quf sfo tflhe nelkoáöfs kf fxfrnfr d `uláîe5 • ^eu ndpdz kf dcukdr sfj prfcukondr5 • Peu nelsfauor bokdr nej es jïkones f e sostfjd kf sdókf5 Nelsfauorfo sud nel`odlád5 • ^olte-jf koald kf nel`odlád5 ^f fu `essf eutrd jubhfr, jf fsnebhfrod neje keubd5 • Peu fstdr su`onofltfjfltf prfpdrdkd pdrd neltroiuor nej d fvebuáîe ke pdrte5 • Peu nelsfauor jdltfr jfu buadr f lîe seirfper jfus kfsfces des kd pdrturofltf5 • Peu nelsfauor fvotdr pdssdr-bhf jolhd `rustrdáîe sf dbae lîe `er neje e fspfrdke5 • Peu sfr ndpdz kf auoä-bd sfj ojper-bhf jolhds okfods5 • Fj quf jfkokd pesse fjpekfrdr ujd jubhfr5 • Peu daufltdr tfstfjulhdr ds juotds `dbhds, jfltords f olsflsoiobokdkf per pdrtf kd fquopf pre`ossoeldb kds jdtfrlokdkfs5 • Peu nelsfauor dcukdr, dpfsdr kosse5

 

• Fsteu prfpdrdkd pdrd ujd pfrkd, kd jîf eu ke ifiã5 • Dpfsdr kf sdifr quf ndkd jubhfr ï ólond f, per nelsfquãlnod, ndkd pdrte, sfrfo ndpdz kf jdltfr-jf difrtd f `bfxêvfb pdrd ujd levd fxpfroãlnod5 • ^eu ujd ied keubd5 • Ï rfdbjfltf fstf e jfu ndjolhe5 Ds rfspestds d fstds pfraultds nhfadrîe le rotje ke nrfsnojflte pfssedb kd keubd. Ï ojpertdltf fltflkfr quf, dssoj neje ndkd pdrte ï uj pdrte, ndkd keubd ï ujd keubd tdjiïj. Osse soalo`ond quf e djdkurfnojflte ï ujd qufstîe pfssedb. D fkundáîe neltoludkd kä idsfs pdrd e nrfsnojflte pre`ossoeldb, jds kfvf-sf iusndr, tdjiïj, epertulokdkfs pdrd preponodr e kfsflvebvojflte fjenoeldb f fsporotudb, neje d trend nej eutrds keubds f pre`ossoeldos, bfoturds, olnbusovf seirf eutres dssultes quf pdrte, eisfrvdáîe kf ndses pfssedos f kf eutres, vebultdrodke fj eradlozdáöfs quf bokdj nej d jubhfr, f, lîe óbtoje, tfrdpod eu dläbosf. Dprflkfr d rfspfotdr-sf trdz neje nelsfquãlnod ldturdb e rfspfote pfbes eutres. D cerldkd kd keubd ï ujd rfdbokdkf hujdld vovd f pubsdltf. Olsfaurdláds f jfkes, qudlke ifj kesdkes f nelsnofltfs, pekfj sfr sfus dbodkes, peos fvotdj d prfpetãlnod kf qufj dnhd quf sdif tuke f jdos. Djies neltroiufj pdrd quf d keubd prfstf dtfláîe í jäaond kf ndkd f íïsolaubdrokdkf ndkd jubhfr qufneosd flneltrd pfbe nhdjdkd ndjolhe. Kfstdpdrte `erjd, pessêvfb dirorkf fspdáe pdrd ujd prfnoesd oltuoáîe. ]fbd oltuoáîe fsnebhfjes e quf usdr fltrf tekes es nelhfnojfltes quf pessuêjes, qudb jfbher sf dpbond d uj kftfrjoldke jejflte f d ujd kftfrjoldkd jubhfr. ^fauolke d oltuoáîe, olvfltdjsf leves f f`ftoves jïtekes kf trdidbhe. E sfaulke pdsse vfj dpþs d keubd tfr peste erkfj fj sud ndsd oltfrld f `fote djozdkf nej sfus jfkes f olsfaurdláds. Daerd fbd ebhd pdrd `erd kf so f eisfrvd d jubhfr nej qufj fstä bokdlke, fbd kfvf sf fs`erádr pdrd pfrnfifr d afstdltf fj sud tetdbokdkf. Es dspfntes quf jfrfnfj pdrtonubdr dtfláîe sîe fstfs3

 

• d jflsdafj fxpbênotd (vfridb) kd jubhfr3 e quf fbd koz quf qufr, e quf koz quf sf nejprejftf fj `dzfr, e quf pbdlfcd, suds okfods, prfnelnfotes f `dltdsods7 • e nejpertdjflte fxpbênote3 qudb ï sud kospeloiobokdkf f`ftovd, sud dtfláîe, e tfjpe kfkondke, ds bfoturds rfdbozdkds, ds fsnebhds quf `dz eu kfoxd kf `dzfr ftn.7 • ds fxprfssöfs nerperdos3 neje ï sfu reste (tflse, päboke, resdke, sfrfle), sfu ebhdr (dprfflsove, dssustdke, kostdltf, kfsnel`odke), e nerpe (daotdke, pdrdke, bflte, kfsflaeládke), f d pesturd `êsond (drndkd, rêaokd, pfbvf pdrd `rfltf, pdrd träs ftn.)7 • ds fjeáöfs per fltrf ds bolhds3 pekf-sf letdr fjeáöfs fj kosnerkélnod nej d `dbd7 e quf fbd fsnelkf, lîe eusd kozfr eu lfad. E kfsd`oe nelsostf fj kosnfrlor qudlke ds pdbdvrds nerrfspelkfj d vfrkdkfores sfltojfltes f qudlke ds fjeáöfs fstîe fj nel`erjokdkf nej e quf d nelsnoãlnod pbdlfcd. Lfj sfjprf fstf ï e ndse. ]er fxfjpbe, hä jubhfrfs dssustdkds quf, le `ulke, tãj d ndpdnokdkf kf supfrdr sfus jfkes7 fbds sþ prfnosdj kf dpeoe pdrd adlhdr dutenel`odlád. Hä eutrds quf kozfj qufrfr uj pdrte ldturdb, sfj dlfstfsod f kejonobodr, jds quf, le `ulke, lîe fstîe preltds pdrd osse. Fbds pekfj tfr kosnurses nbdres, jds ujd prätond fvdsovd f djiêaud. Ï prfnose nejprfflkfr quf d ldturfzd ke pdrte trdz nelsoae ujd sêltfsf kd pfrseldbokdkf kf ndkd jubhfr ldqufbf kftfrjoldke jejflte kf sud vokd. Ndkd pfssed ï e nelculte kf kovfrses `dterfs, `êsones, psonebþaones f fsporotudos. Nrfláds rdnoeldos f orrdnoeldos, nelsnofltfs f olnelsnofltfs, fxpfroãlnods kf vokd ftn.  ol`bufj seirf e kfsflrebdr ke pdrte. Fstf ï uj pekfrese rote kf pdssdafj quf fxoaf e flvebvojflte kd pfssed fj sud oltforfzd. ^f tovfrfj dspfntes bdtfltfs nelträroes, fbfs fjfraorîe. E pdrte ï d herd kd vfrkdkf, f ï tdjiïj qudlke e ‒rfprojoke‚ vfj í teld. Fstd, fltrftdlte, lîe ï ujd rfard, f ï iej bfjirdr quf pekfj enerrfr `dtdbokdkfs quf lîe pekfj sfr korftdjfltf rfbdnoeldkds í pdrturofltf f suds fjeáöfs.

 

D keubd, pertdlte, kfvf pekfr nejprfflkfr dtï quf pelte ujd jubhfr fstä kospestd d or f dtï quf pelte fbd, kf `dte, pekf or. Tufrfr ï ko`frfltf kf tfr nelkoáöfs pdrd  rfdbozdr e quf sf kfsfcd. Fxostfj idrrfords quf kfvfj sfr `erádkds, neje dqufbds boadkds d prfnelnfotes f `dbtd kf ol`erjdáîe, jfkesfsnbdrfnfr eroulkes kd nubturd f kf vdberfs dltoqudkes. Ï `uláîe kd keubd f kdr ol`erjdáöfs kf qudbokdkf pdrd kfsjeltdr buadrfs nejuls quf kfprfnodj d jubhfr f suds ndpdnokdkfs. Tudlke, perïj, sf fltrd ld rfbdáîe olkovokudb f pfssedb, sdolke kes kosnurses kf ndrätfr afrdb, fltrdjes luj tfrrfle kovfrse. Ï dquo quf d oltfboaãlnod fjenoeldb tfj sfu buadr. Ndkd jubhfr (f ndkd keubd) tfj ujd hostþrod, fbd ï uj pdnetf `fnhdke nej vovãlnods quf lfj sfjprf bhfs sîe nelsnofltfs. Fbd pekf lîe nelsfauor bokdr nej nfrtds fjeáöfs quf ndrrfad kfltre, jds lfj sfjprf d ardvokfz ï e jejflte prepênoe pdrd rfsebvfr ds qufstöfs pflkfltfs. Dbïj kosse, lîe nejpftf í keubd `dzfr psonebeaod pre`ulkd, sud dtudáîe pekfrod tfr e f`fote epeste de kfsfcdke. Ï votdb, dssoj, sdifr okflto`ondr qudos sîe dqufbfs bojotfs quf kfvfj sfr rfspfotdkes. Fxostfj rfsostãlnods quf sþ sf jdlo`fstdj olkorftdjfltf f quf prfnosdj sfr rfnelhfnokds d tfjpe. ^f lîe hä soldos kf quf d jubhfr fstä preltd pdrd supfrä-bds, `dzfr prfssîe eu qufrfr ‒nelvflnfr‚ ï uj dte kf voebãlnod quf olvdkf d pfrseldbokdkf dbhfod. Fstdr difrtd de quf kfr f vofr, sfj pfrkfr e ruje, quf ï e ke fjpekfrdjflte kd jubhfr per uj pdrte dtove, sfaure, djerese f rfspfotdke, ï e sfarfke kd drtf kd keubdafj. D keubd prfnosd nejprfflkfr sfu buadr. Fbd lîe ï d sdbvdkerd kd pätrod, lîe ï rfspelsävfb pfbes rfsubtdkes ke pdrte, pdrd jfbher eu pdrd poer. [fltdr sdbvdr d jubhfr ke quf fbd tfj kf vovflnodr lîe ï ‒fjpekfrdjflte‚, ï trdls`fro-bd kds jîes ke sostfjd pdrds ds prþprods. D keubd ï uj dafltf ke fjpekfrdjflte, fbd dirf d pdssdafj, e`frfnf `frrdjfltds, jds ï d jubhfr quf rfaf sfu pdrte. [flke fj jfltf osse, d keubd ï ndpdz kf rfnelhfnfr qudb ï d jfbher epáîe fj ndkd sotudáîe quf e pdrte pessd vor d dprfsfltdr.

 

Fstd vosîe kds neosds `ulnoeld pdrd dcukdr d keubd d jdltfr uj sdukävfb fquobêiroe fltrf sfu fladcdjflte neje jubhfr f pre`ossoeldb f d seirofkdkf kf sdifr quf e pdrte pfrtflnf í jubhfr f quf fbf fstä sucfote d `eráds quf lfj sfjprf sîe neltrebävfos. Fbd prfnosd sdifr lîe `rustrdr-sf lîe pekfj nrodr fxpfntdtovds tdjiïj pfrkfrpdrd ds fspfrdláds.kfjdos, ^otudáöfs jukdr pdrdf poer, jds lîe tdjiïj jfbher. Vjd rfsostãlnod pekf kossebvfr-sf sfj quf sf sdoid neje osse dneltfnfu. Pdo kfpflkfr kd jubhfr, kf sud nelstotuoáîe psêquond, kospeloiobokdkf, jdturokdkf, nerdafj ftn. Culte í eisfrvdáîe kd jubhfr fj sud oltfarokdkf, d keubd kfvf eisfrvdr-sf oltfardbjfltf tdjiïj. Kurdltf suds rfbdáöfs pre`ossoeldos, sf prfstdr dtfláîe ís prþprods rfdáöfs tfrä uj qudkre jdos nejpbfte kd rfdbokdkf. ^oltftozdlke, ujd keubd kfvf3 • tfr helfste dutenelhfnojflte7 • le ndse fj quf cä kfu í buz, tfr fbdierdke e prþproe pdrte. Le ndse fj quf lîe `er jîf, dvdbodr sf osse kfoxd jdrnds kf olsfaurdlád, qudos sîe f trdidbhä-bds7 • prfstdr dtfláîe ís prþprods fjeáöfs de fstdr nej d eutrd pfssed, eisfrvdlke e quf sf sfltf, quf tope kf neosds sf tflkf d kozfr, fl`dtozdr eu did`dr. [rdtd-sf kf flxfradr-sf  ld rfbdáîe nej d afstdltf, peos, dtrdvïs kosse, tfjes ujd vosîe jdos eicftovd kf neje vfjes d pfssed f ke lesse flvebvojflte fjenoeldb nej fbd. Tufrfjes or dbïj kds dpdrãlnods f dbïj kd vosîe neberokd kd lessd d`ftovokdkf. Tudlte jdos fstovfrjes trdlspdrfltfs nelesne jdos fstdrfjes eicftovdjfltf rfnfptovds í eutrd pfssed quf, nej d abeidbokdkf kf fxprfssöfs quf vojes dnojd, dbaujds nelsnofltfs, eutrds lîe, vdo les trdlsjotor kftfrjoldkes pflsdjfltes f fjeáöfs. Nelhfnã-bes les dcukd d fltflkfr d jfbher jdlford kf bokdr nej d afstdltf, eu qufj qufr quf sfcd nej qufj fstdjes les rfbdnoeldlke.

 

^f d keubd fstovfr sfrfld f solnfrd nelsoae jfsjd, fbd vfrä e rf`bfxe ke quf d afstdltf, kf `dte, sfltf, neje sf fstf `essf fspfbhdke fj sfu bêjpoke fspfbhe kf äaud oltfroer. Ds pfquflds pdrtonubdrokdkfs ke fspfbhe k‟äaud (lessds ndrdntfrêstonds olkovokudos) lîe vîe ojpfkor quf sf tflhd ujd rfdbostd f idstdltf ]er osse, ïkeubd, ojpertdltf trdidbhdr-sf f vosîe fltflkfr e quf fstdjes eicftovd. `dzflke flqudlte neje `ejes pdrdr lfstd pesoáîe f kf qudb pdrte f ldsnojflte (e lesse) vofjes. @oldbjfltf, d keubd fjpekfrd d jubhfr qudlke fbd jfsjd sfltor-sf fjpekfrdkd. D `uláîe kd keubd ï e kd jdtfrldafj sflsdtd, sutob, rfspfotesd f djeresd. D keubd lîe ï ujd  projd kelld, per osse sfu fjpekfrdjflte lîe tfj ds neletdáöfs kf ujd aufrrford quf vflnf d idtdbhd f troul`d pekfresd seirf sfus olojoaes. D keubd ï kenf. ^fr keubd ï sfr `fjolold lds qudbokdkfs jdos dltoads f rurdos kfssd kojflsîe hujdld3 tfr pdnoãlnod, pre`ulkokdkf kf vosîe, rfsostãlnod, kftfrjoldáîe `bfxêvfb, sobãlnoe, `erád jerdb, ndrolhe, kospeloiobokdkf `êsond pdrd e trdidbhe nerperdb, vosîe oltuotovd, `ï, iej sflse f pïs le nhîe. Fstd ï ujd keubd fjpekfrdkd quf pekf `dzfr uj ardlkf ifj d tekds ds jubhfrfs, perquf e quf jdos `dbtd hecf pdrd ds arävokds f pdrturofltfs ï custdjfltf fssf dspfnte ke `fjolole. D oltfboaãlnod fjenoeldb kd keubd sf jdlo`fstd ld sdifkerod kd jubhfr nuces pïs fstîe `olndkes `ulke ld tfrrd, le nerpe, les olstoltes, ld oltuoáîe f quf, dtrdvïs kf suds fjeáöfs f nelhfnojfltes, e`frfnf e jfbher sfrvoáe pessêvfb í pdrturofltf.

 

44. E jekfbe eistïtrone f ds retolds hespotdbdrfs Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr  Ol`fbozjfltf, ld jdoerod kf lesses qufrokes pdêsfs bdtole-djfrondles, es pdrtes olstotunoeldos fstîe rfpbftes kf oltfrvfláöfs jïkonds. F, pdrd poerdr, ujd oltfrvfláîe bfvd í sfauoltf, prekuzolke odtreaflods. Juotes pre`ossoeldos quf trdidbhdj dtflkflke jubhfrfs arävokds lîe tãj nbdre quf ‒pdrte ldturdb‚ lîe ï dpflds e pdrte sfj dlfstfsod eu dldbafsod, jds uj pdrte quf rfspfotd d `osoebeaod `fjolold f es kfsfces kf ndkd jubhfr quf kä í buz. @dbtdj ol`erjdáîe, kf nelhfnojfltes f dpeoe psonebþaone lds fquopfs jïkondsdtudbozdáîe quf dssostfj es ndsdos arävokes. Ï tdjiïj

 

ojpertdltf quf es pre`ossoeldos nelsoadj supfrdr sfus prþproes jfkes f quf olkovokudbozfj d dtfláîe, peos es pretenebes kds olstotuoáöfs f ds retolds sfauokds le dtflkojflte de pdrte ï quf nejpbondj ds neosds.

Neltrebfs, prenfkojfltes retolds Kfvf-sf kf rfssdbtdr ardvokfz, pdrte f ldsnojflte flîe sîe sotudáöfs keflád, quf f sojd  jejfltes ldturdos f `osoebþaones kf sdókf. Fxostfj neltrebfs f prenfkojfltes d sfrfj rfdbozdkes fj ndkd ardvokfz, pdrte f ldsnojflte pdrd nel`fror quf fstfcdj trdlsnerrflke kf `erjd  sdukävfb. ]erïj, qudlke fstfs neltrebfs sîe rfdbozdkes sfj dvdbodr e fstdke kf sdókf kf ndkd olkovêkue f suds lfnfssokdkfs fspfnê`onds, fbfs sf trdls`erjdj fj retolds. Kdr ol`erjdáîe `dz pdrtf kes prenfkojfltes. ]re`ossoeldos flvebvokes le prenfsse nejpdrtobhdr tekds ds ol`erjdáöfs nej es pdos lujdkfvfj bolaudafj dnfssêvfb. ^ejfltf nej tekdskospelêvfos ds ol`erjdáöfs de lesse dbndlnf ï quf pekfjes sfltor quf fstdjes rfnfiflke d dtfláîe quf prfnosdjes pdrd vovfr fssfs prenfsses votdos kf jdlford rfspfotdkd f sfaurd. Dbïj kosse, ï lfnfssäroe nelhfnfr ds retolds pdrd bfvdltdr kóvokds f qufstoeldr sfu use olkosnrojoldke. E Kr. Ceraf ]relsdte ^dltdlkrfu4 `dbd kf retolds dnrêtonds f ds kf`olf neje ds ‒dtovokdkfs, tdrf`ds eu prenfkojfltes kf rosne eu prfcukonodos, kebereses eu olnûjekes, kf f`onänod f f`onoãlnod kuvokeses eu lubes, nej peirf rfbdáîe nuste/iflf`ênoe kf dnerke nej d ioiboeard`od idsfdkd fj jïteke nofltê`one, quf, neltuke, sîe afrdbjfltf dpbondkes sfj qufstoeldjflte, pfbe sojpbfs häiote eu nestujf kes jfjires kd fquopf kf sdókf, nej erofltdáöfs lîe rfvosdkds, neltrebdkds eu dtudbozdkds9. Dbïj kf tekds ds retolds ís qudos fstä sucfotd d jubhfr f e ifiã kurdltf e prenfsse kf pdrte f ldsnojflte, hä eutrds rfbdnoeldkds í dssostãlnod. Kfskf d nelsubtd jïkond kf neltrebf flneltrdjes `dbhds ardvfs fj rfbdáîe de trdtdjflte quf es pre`ossoeldos kîe í jubhfr. ^dif-sf quf,

 

nej e strfss, d dlaóstod f d dlsofkdkf dujfltdj nfrtds suistélnods (ndtfnebdjolds) quf tãj uj ojpdnte lfadtove seirf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, ld jîf f ld nrodlád. ^ojpbfsjfltf nej uj iej trdtdjflte, fvotdlke jdbtrdtes, pekfrêdjes eitfr jdos f jfbherfs rfsubtdkes. Ebhdr les ebhes, euvorf fxpbondáöfs, es kfsfces kds afstdltfs, kdr epdrd tfjpe pdrd pfraultds pfrjotor-sf e tfjpe bfr lfnfssäroe lds fltrfbolhds, bokdr nej e fstdke fjenoeldb kd jubhfr arävokd (f lîe dpflds kf sud sdókf `êsond), e`frfnfr-bhf uj djiofltf nel`ertävfb pdrd fbd f sfu ifiã, rfspfotdr es tfjpes `osoebþaones sîe dbauls kes iels trdtdjfltes d sfrfj kfsfcdkes. ‒E quf d jîf prfnosd ï kf dssostãlnod, lîe kf trdtdjfltes. Nfrtdjfltf, lîe prfnosd kf sere, cfcuj, ojeiobozdáîe f ftn., jds kf D^^O^[ÃLNOD.‚ >

Fxostfj tdjiïj juotds retolds f jdus trdtes nej e ifiã. E poer kfbfs ï lîe bhf pfrjotor fstdr le ólone buadr le julke elkf qufr fstdr3 seirf e pfote kf sud jîf.

 

Yetolds Ndkd retold terld d sfauoltf lfnfssärod, trdls`erjdlke uj `dte `osoebþaone fj uj dte jïkone. Yetolds seirf d jubhfr kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte3

• Oltfrldáîe prfnenf3 nej trdidbhe kf pdrte olnopofltf. • ]frokurdb eu dlfstfsod bendb3 ï utobozdkd pdrd prekuzor dldbafsod kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte. Kfstd `erjd, d jubhfr pfrkf d sflsdáîe kes puxes le pfrêeke fxpubsove f sîe es jïkones eu dssostfltfs quf kfvfj erofltdr í `uturd jîf qudlke puxdr. • Oltfrldáîe nej sfpdrdáîe ke dnejpdlhdltf. • jeloterozdáîe Jeloterdjflte`ftdb fbftrûlone3   lîe fxostfj fvokãlnods quf d retolford tflhd uj f`fote pesotovekfseirf e rfsubtdke ke trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Ld jdoerod kes pdrtes kf idoxe rosne, d jeloterozdáîe fbftrûlond dujfltd e lójfre kf oltfrvfláöfs sfj quf fxostd uj nbdre iflf`ênoe pdrd e `fte f ojpbond fj jdoerfs olnûjekes pdrd d jubhfr. • ]esoáîe rfnboldkd f/eu bojotdáîe kes jevojfltes. • [rdsbdke ld ndkford kf rekds pdrd d sdbd pdrte. • ]reoioáîe kf olafror dbojfltes f bêquokes. • ]uxe nelkuzoke3  es jósnubes dikejoldos sîe juote ifj trfoldkes per fxfnutdrfj kodrodjfltf `uláöfs sfjfbhdltfs, pertdlte sdifj neje `dzfr d fxpubsîe `ftdb, kf jdlford sudvf (f pdnofltfjfltf) f nel`erjf sfu prþproe rotje. r otje. • Vse kf sere oltrdvflese. • Aetfce kf exotenold3  ds neltrdáöfs prevendkds pfbd exotenold soltïtond sîe jdos oltflsds quf ds ldturdos. • Jdleird kf Grostfbbfr3  prfssoeld-sf e `ulke ke ótfre (quf sf flneltrd dbturd keFstd fstûjdae) solnrelondjfltf nej d neltrdáîe ld utfrold. jdleird ï nejpbftdjfltf

 

kfsdnelsfbhdkd perquf ojpbond fj lujfreses pfroaes, neje hfjerrdaods, kfsprfflkojflte kf pbdnfltd (quf bfvd í nfsärfd kf fjfraãlnod nej rosne kf jertf pdrd jîf f ifiã), returd utfrold (nej nelsfqufltf rfjeáîe ke ótfre), `rdturd kd nbdvênubd ke pbfxe irdlquodb dltfroer nej pessêvfb ke `fte, buxdáîe pdrdbosfs kf Fri (http3//www.lbj.loh.aev/jfkbolfpbus/spdlosh/flny/drtonbf/==4>?6. f rdsae ke jósnube fstfrlenbfokejdsteokfe. [djiïj pekf prevendr ardvfs bdnfrdáöfs le pfrêlfe kd jubhfr. • Yeturd Drto`onodb kf iebsd (djloetejod). • Fposoetejod3  olnosîe noróraond ld zeld ke pfrêlfe quf nejprfflkf pfbf, ndjdkd jusnubdr f junesd vdaoldb, f nucd `oldbokdkf ï djpbodr e ndldb ‒ibdlke‚, e óbtoje trdte ke nebe ke ótfre, vdaold f vubvd, pdrd^fflnurtdr e tfjpe kf fxpubsîe dprfssdr d sdêkd ke ifiã. rfdbozd nej tfseurds eu iosturo ff rfqufr suturd. D fposoetejod neje tïnlond prfvfltovd pdrd fvotdr bdnfrdáöfs ï neltrdolkondkd pfbd Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kf ^dókf. Fstd oltfrvfláîe jïkond lîe prfvolf bdnfrdáöfs le fs`olntfr dldb lfj bdnfrdáöfs vdaoldos quf nhfaufj de fs`êlntfr dldb lfj dqufbds vdaoldos. Kf `dte, ds bdnfrdáöfs pre`ulkds qudsf lulnd enerrfj qudlke lîe sf rfdbozd ujd fposoetejod. Fstd sïrof kf retolds, ndses, rfdbozdkds kurdltfeuuj lîe pdtebþaone, tfrjold, fj juotêssojes fj nfsärfd usepdrte kf `þrnfps. Yetolds seirf e ifiã ojfkodtdjfltf dpþs e ldsnojflte3

• Yfnfpáîe ld sdbd pdrte nej tfjpfrdturd oldkfqudkd (idoxd). • Nertf ojfkodte ke nerkîe3 e nertf epertule ke nerkîe ujiobondb ï qudlke e nerkîe pdrd kf pubsdr. Oste prfvolf dlfjods f pfrjotf quf e ifiã pdssf pdrd d rfspordáîe pubjeldr sfaulke sfu rotje. • ^fpdrdáîe kd jîf pdrd neltrebfs f eisfrvdáîe.

 

• Dspordáîe kds sfnrfáöfs. • ^elkd ldse-aästrond. • ^elkd dldb. • Potdjold G olcftävfb. • Pdnold neltrd hfpdtotos I. • ]re`obdxos e`täbjond (aetds kf lotrdte kf prdtd eu frotrejonold les ebhes). • Jdjdkford kf sebuáîe abunesdkd f/eu bfotf drto`onodb.

Yfnejflkdáöfs kd EJ^ D Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kf ^dókf puiboneu fj 4?86 uj nhdjdke pdrd prfvflor d voebãlnod eistïtrond. E ol`erjf ‒[fnlebeaods kf ]drte dpreprodkds‚ fxprfssd kfzfssfos rfnejflkdáöfs pdrd e prenfsse kf pdrte. [ekds fbds idsfodj-sf les sfauoltfs prolnêpoes3 • quf ndkd jubhfr tfj e korfote `ulkdjfltdb kf rfnfifr dtfláîe prï-ldtdb dpreprodkd7 • d jubhfr tfj uj pdpfb nfltrdb fj tekes es dspfntes kfstd dtfláîe, olnbuse pdrtonopdr le pbdlfcdjflte, rfdbozdáîe f dvdbodáîe kd jfsjd7 • es `dterfs senodos, fjenoeldos f psonebþaones sîe kfnosoves ld nejprfflsîe f olstrujfltdáîe kd dtfláîe prï-ldtdb dpreprodkd. D EJ^ nbdsso`ond fj qudtre ndtfaerods ds prätonds eistïtronds quf kfvfj erofltdr d dssostãlnod ke pdrte lerjdb, rfnejflkdkds neje jekfbe dssostflnodb (EJ^, 4??0)3 • Nelkutds nbdrdjfltf ótfos f quf kfvfj sfr fstojubdkds. • Nelkutds nbdrdjfltf prfcukonodos eu olf`ondzfs quf kfvfj sfr fbojoldkds. • Nelkutds sfj fvokãlnod su`onofltf pdrd dpeodr ujd rfnejflkdáîe f quf kfvfj sfr utobozdkds nej prfnduáîe. • Nelkutds `rfqufltfjfltf utobozdkds kf jeke oldkfqudke,

 

prevendlke jdos kdle ke quf iflf`ênoe. Fstä nejprevdke (vfcd Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds) quf tekd f qudbqufr oltfrvfláîe eistïtrond oltfr`frf ld fvebuáîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte. Dbaujds dcukdj f eutrds ko`onubtdj sud fvebuáîe, kfpflkflke kes pre`ossoeldos kf sdókf fsnebhfr dqufbds quf sîe dkfqudkds. Dssoj jfsje, d EJ^ rfdbozeu e projfore Ol`erjf Julkodb seirf Poebãlnod f ^dókf  (9==9). Lfbf d voebãlnod ï kf`olokd neje ‒use oltflnoeldb kd `erád eu ke pekfr `êsone, eu d djfdád d usä-be neltrd so jfsjes, eutrd pfssed, arupe eu nejulokdkf, kf jeke quf rfsubtf eu tflhd ujd dbtd preidiobokdkf kf rfsubtdr fj bfsîe, jertf, kdle psonebþaone, jdu kfsflvebvojflte eu provdáîe‚. Idsfdlke-les lfstd kf`oloáîe sfrä nelsokfrdkd voebãlnod sejfltf dqufbf dte fxfrnoke nej oltfláîe kf kdle. Fxostfj, perïj, dtes quf lîe tãj oltfláîe nelsnofltf kf kdle, jds quf sîe pfrnfiokes per qufj es rfnfif neje voebãlnod. Es dtes jïkones pekfj nelvfrtfr-sf fj ndusds prekuterds kf dtes voebfltes olkfpflkfltfjfltf kf sud oltflnoeldbokdkf. D pdrturofltf f e rfnïj-ldsnoke fstîe dtrdvfssdlke ujd fxpfroãlnod nrêtond votdb nej pre`ulkds rfpfrnussöfs fjenoeldos nucds nelsfquãlnods, sf pfrsostorfj le tfjpe, sf nelvfrtfj fj trdujd. ‒…E rfnïj-ldsnoke ï fjeáîe purd. ^f es dtes jïkones `erfj pfrnfiokes neje darfssoves, bfvdrîe d ujd pfrnfpáîe ke julke quf bhf ï hestob, kf jdlford quf fbf fbdierdrä jfndlosjes kf kf`fsd quf olnbuorîe d kfsnel`odlád, d duterrf`frãlnod, e jfke, f, per óbtoje, d darfssîe neje jfoe kf kf`fsd.‚ ;

D dssostãlnod ke pdrte kfvf tfr neje auod d nelstruáîe kf uj jekfbe le qudb d jubhfr f sud `djêbod sfcdj pretdaelostds ke prenfsse ke ldsnojflte. D suistotuoáîe kf prätonds eisebftds per prätonds idsfdkds fj fvokãlnods, e use kf tfnlebeaod sejfltf neje uj rfnurse fj ndses kf nejprevdkd lfnfssokdkf, d `erjdáîe kf pre`ossoeldos nej jdos nelsnoãlnod kd ojpertélnod ke trdte hujdlozdke sîe e ndjolhe pdrd rfvfrtfr d sotudáîe dtudb.

 

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  GBDV^ JH, GFLLFB CH, GBDV^, ]H. [hf Keubd Ieeg . ]frsfus ]uiboshola, 9=. 9.  Dntudbozdnoþl kf Olvfstoadnoelfs fl Jfkonold Idsdkd fl bds Fvokflnods „ NBD]. >.  Kr. Ceraf Duauste ]relsdte ^dltdlkrfu (9===), [fnlebeaêds  Dprepodkds Ps. Yutolds Dnrêtonds Dnrêtonds fl ]froldtebeaêd. ;. Kr. Buos ]dpdale. Bd voebflnod fl bd ^dbd kf ]drtes „ ^u dnnoþl trdujätond. 6. http3//fs.wogopfkod.era/wogo/Fposoetej%N>%DKd 0.  Jolostfroe kf ^dbuk y Dnnoþl ^enodb kf bd Ldnoþl (9==>), ]repufstd Lerjdtovd ]froldtdb Yfs. Jolostfrodb >;8/=>. 1. EJ^ (4??0), Nuokdkes fl fb ]drte Lerjdb, Auêd ]räntond. 8. EJ^ (9==4), Auêd fsflnodb pdrd fb nuokdke dltfldtdb, pfroldtd  y pestpdrte. ?. EJ^ (4?86), [fnlebeaêd Dprepodkd pdrd fb ]drte, Kfnbdrdnoþl kf @ertdbfzd. 4=. Pfrþlond Pdbkïs B., Xojfld Jerbdls H.  Dpertfs kf bds keubds d bd eistftronod jekfrld. Kfpdrtdjflte kf Jfkonold @djobodr, Fsnufbd kf Jfkonold, Vlovfrsokdk Ndtþbond kf Nhobf. http3//www.nenhrdlf.era 44.  http3//www.keld.era 49.

 

Letds 4. E Kr. Ceraf ]relsdte ï Jïkone Fspfnodbostd fj ]fkodtrod f Lfeldtebeaod f Jfstrf fj ^dókf Jdtfrle Ol`dltob. Fj sud djpbd ndrrford pre`ossoeldb kovokou sfu tfjpe fltrf d dtfláîe korftd d pdnofltfs f suds jîfs, d pdrtonopdáîe fj eradlozdáöfs jïkonds pfkoätronds (neje d ^enofkdk Drafltold kf ]fkodtrêd kf Nþrkeid, kd qudb `eo jfjire kd nejossîe korftovd, vonf-prfsokfltf f dtudb jfjire votdbênoe), d pfsquosd f d kenãlnod. [dlte fj sud pdssdafj pfbe Hespotdb ]óibone, neje les óbtojes tfjpes ld @ulkdnoþl NBDN_K (Nþrkeid, Bdntdlnod, Dbojfltdnoþl, Nrfnojoflte y Kfsdrrebbe), pdrtonopeu les fstukes kf olvfstoadáîe f fj kovfrsds puibondáöfs f bovres fkotdkes, neltroiuolke fspfnod fspfno dbjfltf ld ärfd quf flvebvf d jîf ld afstdáîe f d nrodlád pfqufld. Neje kenfltf, oltfrvfoe fj kovfrsds olstélnods dndkãjonds f fj lujfreses nurses kf fspfnodbozdáîe f nel`frãlnods, dbïj kf sfr nebulostd kf puibondáöfs kf kovubadáîe nofltê`ond. ^ud ojpertdltf idadafj kf nelhfnojfltes f fxpfroãlnod, sejdkd í sud hdiobokdkf pdrd d trdlsjossîe nbdrd, sojpbfs, perïj `ulkdjfltdkd, e bfvdrdj d puibondr fj 9=== sfu projfore bovre3 ‒[fnlebeaêds Dprepodkds vs. Yutolds Dnrêtonds, fl ]froldtebeaêd‚, le qudb sustfltd d okfod kd utobozdáîe sflsdtd kes prenfkojfltes f tïnlonds dpbondkes de iolûjoe jîf-ifiã, kfsndrtdlke dqufbfs quf lîe tãj supertf nofltê`one väboke, jds pfrjdlfnfj per nfad `okfbokdkf d pretenebes nrodkes fj fsnrotþroe. E fstuke nelstdltf f sostfjätone, e fxfrnênoe netokodle ke flsole, d olvfstoadáîe f d dssostãlnod d pdnofltfs culte í sud jobotélnod pfbe korfote í sdókf `dzfj pessêvfb fstd levd prätond koroaokd ís `djêbods, ds qudos sf nelvokd d kfs`rutdr kes `dtes `osoebþaones kd afstdáîe, ke pdrte f ke ldsnojflte, ke flndlte ke jobdarf kd vokd quf dneltfnf d ndkd olstdltf, fj ndkd jubhfr tendkd pfbd jdaod kd ldturfzd. 9. Bd voebflnod fl bd ^dbd kf ]drtes „ ^u dnnoþl trdujätond trdujätond,, Kr. Buos ]dpdale. >. Bd voebflnod fl bd ^dbd kf ]drtes „ ^u dnnoþl trdujätond trdujätond,, Kr. Buos ]dpdale. ;. Bd voebflnod fl bd ^dbd kf ]drtes „ ^u dnnoþl trdujätond trdujätond,, Kr. Buos ]dpdale.

 

49. Jfkondbozdáîe f Odtreaflod ke Ldsnojflte Dltþloe Jdlufb @frrford E jekfbe kf nelhfnojflte ioejïkone kejoldltf ld ärfd kd sdókf ï ndkd vfz jdos dpbondke fj eutrds fs`frds kd vokd. D fssf prenfsse kä-sf e lejf kf jfkondbozdáîe. ^faulke d tfsf kd jfkondbozdáîe, es jïkones tflkfj d e`frfnfr sebuáöfs ioejïkonds f tïnlonds fj sotudáöfs dltfs nelsokfrdkds neje pdrtfs olfrfltfs f oltfardkds í vokd

   

quetokodld, neje d ardvokfz f e pdrte. Fj rfbdáîe d fstfs `flþjfles fspfno`ondjfltf, e prenfsse kf jfkondbozdáîe ojpboneu pre`ulkds trdls`erjdáöfs lîe dpflds le jeke neje es prenfkojfltes sîe dkjolostrdkes, jds prolnopdbjfltf ld jdlford neje sîe nejprfflkokes f vovflnodkes pfbd jdoerod kds jubhfrfs. Fj nelsfquãlnod, e pdrte f e prenfsse rfprekutove vãj sflke flndrdkes, kfskf fltîe, neje fvfltes kf ndräntfr fssflnodbjfltf jïkone, quf fxoafj dtfláîe f nuokdkes kfssf pre`ossoeldb les hespotdos. E sïnube XX `ond ndrdntfrozdke pfbe räpoke kfsflvebvojflte tïnlone, nofltê`one f olkustrodb. Fstfs dvdláes `erdj, per vfzfs, kf tdb `erjd räpokes quf sf terleu ko`ênob tfr d leáîe kf qudb eu qudos ojpbondáöfs tfrodj culte de sfr hujdle. ]er osse, lîe fstrdlhdjes, dssoj neje lîe `ondjes surprfflkokes nej ds dbtfrdáöfs vfro`ondkds fj ärfds tîe ko`frfltfs neje ds nbojätonds, fnebþaonds, senodos, s enodos, `djobodrfs.

 

E nelhfnojflte jïkone dnejpdlheu oaudbjfltf e kfsflvebvojflte tfnlebþaone, nofltê`one f quêjone. ^îe jdrndltfs dbaujds ftdpds kfstf kfsflvebvojflte, lejfdkdjfltf nej d kfsneifrtd kes dltoioþtones, kds tïnlonds dlfstïsonds f noróraonds, f dolkd e kfsflvebvojflte kf fquopdjfltes ndkd vfz jdos nejpbfxes f se`ostondkes le supertf kd vokd. E oaudb kfsflvebvojflte kes nelhfnojfltes lds ärfds qufr kd dldtejod qufr kd `osoebeaod hujdld treuxfrdj levds f petfltfs `frrdjfltds kf dpeoe í vokd trdkuzokds per jfbherfs `erjds kf dcukd í pfssed kfiobotdkd pfbd keflád daukd, suidaukd eu nrþlond. Lfstd fsndbdkd kf kfsflvebvojflte nofltê`one, d vosîe, jdos fspfnodbjfltf d `erjd kf dntudr jïkond seirf e sfr hujdle, `oneu ndrdntfrozdkd pfbd `rdnturd kd pfssed fj sfajfltes f suisfajfltes. Vjd vosîe `endbozdkd le þraîe kossenodke ke nerpe f jfltf. D fspfnodbozdáîe ld ulokdkf `ulnoeldb eraélond f lîe ld oltfrdnáîe ke nerpe neje sostfjd ólone f oltfrdntove. Yfsujolke, kfsflvebvfu-sf uj sostfjd kf nuokdkes jïkones nfltrdkes ld fstruturd f lîe le abeidb, quf `oneu nelhfnoke pfbe jekfbe kf dtflkojflte ioejïkone. Lfstf jekfbe, sfltou-sf d lfnfssokdkf kf sf jukdrfj rdkondbjfltf d `erjd kf dtflkojflte de sfr hujdle. ^f dtï dquo sf vdberozdvd ujd rfbdáîe kf prexojokdkf nej d pfssed olsfrokd le sfu neltfxte `djobodr f senodb, d pdrtor kds dbtfrdáöfs ke jekfbe dssostflnodb heuvf, fltîe, d lfnfssokdkf kf sf nelnfltrdrfj es nuokdkes fj olstotuoáöfs fspfnodbozdkds kfsoaldkds per hespotdos. Lîe qufr kozfr quf dtï dquo lîe fxostodj ulokdkfs kf dtflkojflte nej e jfsje lejf, jds d fbds fstdvd rfsfrvdke uj pdpfb tdbvfz sfnulkäroe cä quf ds suds ndpdnokdkfs f ãxotes, dtï fltîe, fstdvdj juote bojotdkes7 frd-bhfs nel`frokd `ulkdjfltdbjfltf d dssostãlnod de tïrjole kd vokd, frdj, per osse, solþloje kf ker f se`rojflte. Lfstf leve pdrdkoajd dssostflnodb kf nuokdkes kf sdókf, d jubhfr arävokd pdsseu, fltîe, d sfr vostd neje ujd kefltf, lfnfssotdkd kf nuokdkes ko`frflnodkes f sucfotd, per osse, d prenfkojfltes jïkones ko`frflnodkes. ]er eutre bdke, ld dierkdafj `fotd dtï fltîe í jubhfr

 

arävokd, jdos kf ndroz ldturdbostd, lfj tuke nerrod kf `erjd nejpbftdjfltf sdtos`dtþrod. Fstdvdj kfsnrotes preibfjds fj teke nonbe afstdnoeldb, pdrte f pufrpïroe, ojpessêvfos, í ïpend, kf sebuáöfs f`ondzfs. Es olkondkerfs pdrd d jeriobokdkf f/eu pdrd d jertdbokdkf jdtfrld f ke lfeldte frdj fbfvdkes f, per osse, prfenupdltfs. Kdê quf es kfsflvebvojfltes les nelhfnojfltes jïkones, nelnrftdjfltf ld kosnopbold eistïtrond, terldrdj-sf proerotäroes. F kf `dnte hecf, `rute kfstf olvfstojflte nofltê`one, nelsfauordj-sf eitfr olkondkerfs julkodos juote sdtos`dtþroes ld rfkuáîe qufr kd jertdbokdkf qufr kd jeriobokdkf jdtfrle-ol`dltob. Neltuke f dssenodke d fstd levd frd kf kfsflvebvojfltes, e prenfsse kf ldsnojflte terleu-sf prearfssovdjfltf olkustrodbozdke f drto`onodbozdke. Lds jdtfrlokdkfs jekfrlds pfbd utobozdáîe retolford kds sebuáöfs vflesds nej enotenold, kd fpokurdb f kd nfsdrodld fbfntovd, diebou-sf per nejpbfte e trdidbhe kf pdrte tdb neje frd voste dtï fltîe. D jfkondbozdáîe nelstotuo, dssoj, d idsf okfebþaond kfssd rdnoeldbokdkf. ^flke nelnfotudkd neje e prenfsse kf neltrebe senodb pfbe qudb es fvfltes ldturdos ke nonbe votdb f es kfsvoes le nejpertdjflte ke nerpe sîe nelsokfrdkes neje kefláds eu kfserkfls quf sf sotudj sei d curoskoáîe jïkond. Kfssd jdlford, tekes es dspfntes kd vokd quetokodld `erdj trdls`erjdkes fj eicfntes kd jfkonold, neje nrotond Obbonh. ]drd fbf, ‒d jfkondbozdáîe kd vokd ï uj dspfnte kd kejoldáîe kfstrutovd quf e kfsflvebvojflte olkustrodb fxfrnf seirf d lessd senofkdkf‚. D nubturd jfkondbozdltf kfnerrf, per osse, kf ujd senofkdkf tfnlenrätond quf sf eradlozd d pdrtor kf ujd okfebeaod kf prearfsse tfnlebþaone. Lds senofkdkfs quf provobfaodj d tfnlenrdnod, hä d supfrvdberozdáîe kd noãlnod f tfnlebeaod seirf d ldturfzd. D okfebeaod kd senofkdkf jekfrld olkustrodb pflftrd le ndjpe kd sdókf prfnosdjfltf pfbd jfkondbozdáîe. Lfssf pdrdkoajd, d dierkdafj tfrdpãutond fstä nfltrdkd le kodalþstone kf preibfjds, ld nurd kds kefláds f le rfpdre kds kos`uláöfs les prenfsses eraélones, fbfjfltes nelstotuoltfs ke nerpe-jäquold, kossenodkes ke neltfxte

 

hujdle suicdnfltf. Hä ujd vdberozdáîe kds ol`erjdáöfs `erlfnokds pfbds jäquolds ioejïkonds kf dbtd tfnlebeaod, sflke fstds nelsokfrdkds fssflnodos pdrd ujd dssostãlnod kf qudbokdkf. D tfnlenrdnod lîe sf fxprfssd sejfltf ld tfnlebeaod, jds tdjiïj neje uj sostfjd hofrärquone, iurenrätone f dutenrätone, kojflsöfs nubturdbjfltf kejoldltfs lfssf jekfbe. ]rekuz d suierkoldáîe ke olkovêkue í olstotuoáîe, dtrdvïs kds rêaokds retolds hespotdbdrfs f kd projdzod ke pekfr jïkone f olstotunoeldb. Fstd dtjes`frd kf flvebvãlnod quêjond f tfnlebþaond kfsflvebvfu uj nbojd kosnopboldr kf kfpflkãlnod pre`ossoeldb. Kreads petfltfs quf oltfr`frfj nej d `osoebeaod lerjdb ke ldsnojflte `erdj nrodkds, prenfsses jïkones dbtdjfltf oltfrvflnoelostds le prenfsse afstdnoeldb `erdj kfsflvebvokes, dssoj neje fquopdjfltes fxtrfjdjfltf se`ostondkes `erdj dprojerdkes ld voaobélnod f neltrebf kd kêdkf jîf f `fte. F per fstd vod d kosnopbold jïkond nejfáeu d fxfrnfr uj kejêloe f`fntove f oltflse lfstf prenfsse ldturdb kf nejpftãlnod fxnbusovdjfltf `fjolold quf ï d ardvokfz, pdrte f dbfotdjflte jdtfrle. D ‒jfkondbozdáîe‚ ke pdrte, eu sfcd, d jukdlád kf dssostãlnod idsfdkd ld pbdusêvfb sfaurdlád kes prenfkojfltes jïkones oltfrvflnoelostds, trdls`erjeu e pdrte lerjdb fj uj pdrte pdssêvfb kf oltfrvfláöfs, eu sfcd, kf rosne. Dssoj, e pdrte lerjdb, ld dntudbokdkf, pdsseu d soalo`ondr pdrte vdaoldb koroaoke eu erofltdke, fj djiofltf hespotdbdr. ]flsdvd-sf, per osse, quf fstävdjes dssoj d ndjolhdr le ndjolhe nfrte kf dpeoe í dssostãlnod jdtfrle-ol`dltob. Olonoeu-sf uj neltrebf jïkone seirf e prenfsse kd ardvokfz. Dprojereu-sf e rfkunoelosje hujdle qufr ke pelte vostd dldtþjone, qufr ke pelte kf vostd ioe`osoebþaone. Olstdbeu-sf uj nbojd kf supfrvosîe f kf kfpflkãlnod kes nuokdkes jïkones. [eke fstf kfsflvebvojflte jïkone dpeodke pfbd nrodáîe kf leves `ärjdnes f supertdke pfbd utobozdáîe kf leves fquopdjfltes tfj neltoludke lujd fsndbdkd surprfflkfltf. Hecf tdjiïj vfro`ondjes d fxtrfjd kfpflkãlnod kes prþproes pre`ossoeldos d tekes fstfs dnfssþroes. D djdrrd pre`ossoeldb tfj nelkonoeldke

 

oaudbjfltf d sud pesturd, fltflkojflte f d `erjd ke nuokdr fj sotudáöfs tîe sojpbfs f ldturdos neje ï e ndse kd ardvokfz f pdrte. Dpfsdr kf fssfs dvdláes tfrfj nerrfspelkoke ís fxpfntdtovds ld qufkd kd jertdbokdkf jdtfrld f prolnopdbjfltf ol`dltob, fbfs neltroiuêrdj `ulkdjfltdbjfltf pdrd quf hecf d pdrturofltf sfcd vostd neje ujd pdnofltf, sfj korfotes seirf e prþproe nerpe, voebdkd f juotds vfzfs kfsrfspfotdkd neje sfr hujdle pbfle kf korfotes. Neltuke fjfraf ld sfaulkd jftdkf ke sïnube XX, lejfdkdjfltf dpþs d kïndkd kf 8= f fspfnodbjfltf ld Furepd, ujd jukdlád bfltd ld nelnfpáîe kf nelnfifr f bokdr nej e ldsnojflte, nej d ko`usîe f utobozdáîe kd prfpdrdáîe pdrd e pdrte dtrdvïs ke jïteke psonepre`obätone, nelhfnoke tdjiïj neje pdrte sfj ker . Fssf olkustrodbozdkes okfäroe flneltrdleoltfrbenuáîe nej ekdneltfxte kf nrêtond les pdêsfs qufstoeldjflte kovosîe trdkonoeldb kes pdpïos senodos fltrf e hejfj f d jubhfr, dkveadlke ujd rffstruturdáîe de lêvfb ke ndsdb f prepelke uj oltfrnéjioe fltrf ds `uláöfs `fjololds f jdsnubolds. E jevojflte kf nrêtond í jfkondbozdáîe, quf fltrftdlte vdo fjfraolke fj tekes es qudkrdltfs senodos, olnerpereu fssfs leves vdberfs ke nuokdke de pdrte f ldsnojflte, neje d vdberozdáîe kd suicfntovokdkf, kd d`fntovokdkf, ke prdzfr, kd boifrkdkf f ke rfterle de ldturdb . D vdberozdáîe ke ldturdb  „  „ d afstdáîe,nej e pdrte f ldsnojflte neje `dsf ke nonbe votdb hujdle „ dpdrfnf `rfquãlnod le okfäroe kfujd hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte, hdvflke ujd bþaond f lêtokd dprexojdáîe ke jevojflte fnebþaone eu djiofltdbostd. E pdrdkoajd hujdlostd rfsubtd kd rfdnáîe des fxnfsses kd tfnlejfkonold. Lîe soalo`ond rupturd rdkondb nej fssf jekfbe. ^ud prepestd iusnd fjprfflkfr ujd rf`erjd, `dzflke nej quf d dtfláîe sfcd rfbdnoeldb, rfspfotesd f darfauf kojflsöfs oltfrpfssedos f hujdlds ld rfbdáîe pre`ossoeldb-nbofltf. D ker dssenodkd de prenfsse kf ldsnojflte kf `dnte sfjprf enupeu e nfrlf kds prfenupdáöfs jdtfrlds `dnf de pdrte. ^îe olójfrds ds rf`frãlnods í ker f í olstdiobokdkf quf d jfsjd kfsflndkfod ld jubhfr.

 

D ker ï tdbvfz d pbdtd`erjd jdos sþbokd pdrd d dnfotdáîe kes jekfbes oltfrvflnoelostds `dnf de ldsnojflte f `fz seboko`ondr e ndjpe dlfstïsone neje ojprfsnolkêvfb, hecf, ld dssostãlnod de pdrte. Es prenfsses dlfstïsones kfskf sfjprf drrfkdkes kd fs`frd eistïtrond, hecf enupdj buadr kf kfstdquf fj teke fstf prenfsse. [ïnlonds dssfltfs fj dntes jïkones juote fspfnodbozdkes f nej d utobozdáîe kf kreads petfltfs vãj nelkonoeldr e pdrte trdls`erjdlke-e luj prenfsse dolkd jdos pdtebþaone, `dzflke kospdrdr es olkondkerfs julkodos kes pdrtes kostþnones (per vfltesd, `þrnfps f/eu nfsdrodlds). F fstd nerrfbdáîe ï fxpbondkd pfbe ibequfoe lfure-sflserodb quf ds kreads utobozdkds olkuzfj, ndstrdlke f nejprejftflke ds nejpftãlnods jdtfrlds pdrd e ldsnojflte. Le fltdlte hecf f dtrdvïs kf fstukes nejpdrdtoves pekfjes nelnbuor quf d sdtos`dáîe fj rfbdáîe de dbêvoe kd ker lîe tfj pdrdbfbe disebute nej d sdtos`dáîe `dnf de ldsnojflte, f ds fpokurdos fstîe dssenodkds d `dbhds ojpertdltfs le prenfsse ke ldsnojflte. Fstds `dbhds pekfj oltfr`fror nej e prdzfr `ulkdjfltdb f sdtos`dáîe kd jubhfr `dnf í sud fxpfroãlnod kf pdrte, f pekfj dolkd nejprejftfr d sfaurdlád ke ldsnojflte tdlte pdrd d jîf neje pdrd e ifiï. ]drd e ifiï, uj pdrte olstrujfltdbozdke pekf dujfltdr es rosnes kf nurte prdze kf neltusöfs, `frojfltes `dnodos, kfsbendjflte kes esses nrdlodles f nf`dbefjdtejd (neäaube kf sdlauf sei e neure ndifbuke). E rosne kf hfjerrdaod oltrdnrdlodld (sdlardjflte kfltre ke nréloe) dpdrfnf dujfltdke, luj fstuke, pdrd jdos ke quäkrupbe fj ifiïs ldsnokes per jfoe kf `þrnfps, per nejpdrdáîe nej es kf ldsnojflte fspeltélfe, fjierd keos fstukes tovfssfj jestrdke lîe hdvfr ko`frfláds kf kfsflvebvojflte kftfntävfos les ifiïs ldsnokes nej `þrnfps, des nolne dles kf okdkf. Eutre fstuke jestreu quf qudlke ds jubhfrfs nej d fpokurdb f quf tãj uj pdrte nej `þrnfps, d `erád fxfrnokd pfbe jïkone pdrd `dzfr ldsnfr e ifiï ï qudsf kuds vfzfs supfroer í `erád usdkd qudlke ujd fpokurdb lîe fstä fj dntudáîe, trdkuzolke-sf, dssoj, pfbe dpdrfnojflte kf eutrds nejpbondáöfs jdtfrlds tdos neje ds bfsöfs vdaoldos, pfrolfdos f lfurebþaonds.

 

Dssoj f lujd frd ndrdntfrozdkd pfbe kfsflvebvojflte kds rfkfs kf pdrtobhd f ke nelhfnojflte, nejfád-sf d qufstoeldr f sfltor d lfnfssokdkf kf sf dbtfrdr kf `erjd soalo`ondtovd e pdrdkoajd ke jekfbe dssostflnodb eistïtrone. Nejfádj d sfr pdrtobhdkes es rfsubtdkes dssenodkes de oltfrvflnoelosje jïkone f kd jfkondbozdáîe ke ldsnojflte. ^urafj rfbdtes kd olsdtos`dáîe `fjolold fj rfbdáîe í kfsnelsokfrdáîe d quf d jubhfr `oneu sucfotd. Nejfád d sfr kdkd ãl`dsf d uj leve julke, e kd odtreaflod jïkond. Nelvïj, fltîe, kf`olor e quf sf fltflkf per odtreaflod jïkond. ^faulke d Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kf ^dókf (4?19), kf`olf-sf neje rfdnáîe dkvfrsd prekuzokd per uj jfkondjflte d ‒qudbqufr f`fote prfcukonodb eu olkfsfcävfb quf sf dprfsfltf dpþs d dkjolostrdáîe kds kesfs lerjdbjfltf utobozdkds le HEJFJ pdrd d pre`obdxod, e kodalþstone f e trdtdjflte kf ujd fl`frjokdkf‚. Nelsokfrd-sf quf es tfrjes ‒rfdnáîe dkvfrsd‚, ‒f`fote olkfsfcävfb‚ f ‒keflád ‒ keflád odtreaïlond‚ sîe fquovdbfltfs f rfspelkfj í kf`oloáîe dltfroer. ]drd Idstes (4?84), d oltrekuáîe kd fxprfssîe ‒keflád odtreaïlond‚ kfvf-sf d Fuafl Ibfubfr, puibondke le Abessäroe Jïkone Afrjélone, quf prenurdvd kf`olor eroaoldbjfltf ‒es trdlsterles psoquoätrones prevendkes le pdnofltf pfbds dtotukfs kes jïkones eu kd fl`frjdafj‚. D fvebuáîe ke nelnfote kf odtreaflod dirdlaf, les kods kf hecf, tekd keflád prekuzokd korfntd eu olkorfntdjfltf pfbd nelkutd prepfkãutond, tfrdpãutond eu prfvfltovd ke jïkone eu fquopf kf sdókf seirf e pdnofltf eu sfus `djobodrfs. ]ertdlte, le quf tdlaf fspfno`ondjfltf de dnte jïkone, d keflád odtreaãlond tfj ojpbondáöfs korfntds nej es prfnfotes ke Nþkoae kf Ïtond Jïkond. Dldbosfjes, fltîe, dbauls kes `dterfs quf pekfj fstdr rfbdnoeldkes nej d odtreaflod jfkondjfltesd3 • ]rfsnroáîe Fstrdlhd í Yfbdáîe [frdpãutond3  E trdtdjflte `drjdnebþaone, d prfsnroáîe kf uj eu jdos jfkondjfltes enerrf neje nelsfquãlnod kf uj kodalþstone jïkone. Fstf kodalþstone ï eitoke dtrdvïs kf ujd sfquãlnod kf

 

prenfkojfltes quf nelstotuo e jïteke nbêlone, idsfdke ld nebhfotd kf kdkes kd dldjlfsf, le fxdjf ke pdnofltf f les suisêkoes kes fxdjfs nejpbfjfltdrfs. Ld nelsubtd jïkond, fstfs prenfkojfltes fstîe idsfdkes ld nejulondáîe quf sf fstdifbfnf fltrf e jïkone f e sfu pdnofltf. Kosnutolke d nelsubtd jïkond ke pelte kf vostd sþnoepsonessejätone, ]eltfs f neb. (4?80) d`orjdj quf ‒tekes es dntes ke hejfj enerrfj nerrfbdtdjfltf lds trãs ärfds ke sfu fxostor3 nerpe, jfltf f julke fxtfrle‚. Ï nejuj, juotes pdnofltfs dprfsfltdrfj `dltdsods fj rfbdáîe de jïkone, de jfkondjflte f í prþprod fvebuáîe ke trdtdjflte. Es pdnofltfs kfvfj, pertdlte, sfr fsnbdrfnokes seirf ds ndrdntfrêstonds f eicfntoves ke trdtdjflte, ol`erjdkes seirf es pessêvfos f`fotes olkfsfcävfos, e jeke kf dnáîe ke jfkondjflte f seirftuke rdzöfs quf jetovdrdj dqufbd prfsnroáîe. E jïkone kfvf seirf fstdr ds sflsêvfb ís värods `erjds kf nejulondáîe kes sfus pdnofltfs f, nej dtfláîe f pfrsponänod, kfvf prenurdr trdlsjotor quf d sud prfsnroáîe fstä oltfardkd luj neltfxte quf olnbuo ujd dtotukf kf fsnutd f nejprfflsîe kf neje e pdnofltf fstä vovflnodlke d sud fl`frjokdkf. • Frre Kodalþstone3  E kodalþstone ï d ärfd jdos nejpbfxd kf kfnosîe jïkond, peos kfpflkf kd dläbosf kf uj ardlkf lójfre kf ol`erjdáöfs kds jdos vdrodkds `eltfs f ko`frfltfs ldturfzds, neje tdjiïj flvebvfj e rdnoenêloe sojubtélfe kf prenfsses bþaones f preidiobêstones. E kodalþstone prfnfkf de trdtdjflte, `erlfnf kdkes pdrd fsnebhd ke `ärjdne quf jfbher sf dkdptd ís ndrdntfrêstonds nbêlonds ke pdnofltf f fstdifbfnf es `ulkdjfltes pdrd e pdlfcdjflte tfrdpãutone. Frres kodalþstones sîe ds ndusds jdos `rfqufltfs ke olsunfsse tfrdpãutone f odtreaflod jfkondjfltesd. Dbauls `dnterfs quf ko`onubtdj d eitfláîe kf uj kodalþstone nbêlone `okfkoale pekfj sfr flneltrdkes ld okflto`ondáîe kf`onofltf kd `dsf fvebutovd kd keflád, nej eutrds nelkoáöfs jïkonds dssenodkds, ld prfsflád kf strfss psonessenodb, f le jeke kf e pdnofltf rfdaor í sud fl`frjokdkf (nejpelfltf suicfntove).

 

• Kesfs eu Kurdáîe Oldkfqudkds3 E fstdifbfnojflte kf kesfs tfrdpãutonds kf uj kftfrjoldke `ärjdne d pdrtor kes flsdoes nbêlones, nelstotuo, ld jdoerod kds vfzfs, ujd `doxd sfaurd fj rfbdáîe í f`onänod f d enerrãlnod kf f`fotes olkfsfcävfos. Ï ojpertdltf neje lîe d`orjeu Sdlolo f Ead ulondjfltf (4?86) quf, ld ‒d petãlnod kekfstdndr, jfkondjflte ï `ulkdjfltdkd qudltokdkf ke prolnêpoe dntove prfsfltf fj kdkd `erjubdáîe‚. ^faulke fstfs duterfs, juotes `dnterfs ioe`drjdnãutones neje d `erjd f fstdke `êsone ke prolnêpoe dntove, e tope kes fxnopofltfs utobozdkes, es prenfsses fjprfadkes ld sud `dirondáîe f ld `erjubdáîe usdkd, pekfj prekuzor vdrodáöfs ld rfspestd tfrdpãutond. ]er eutre bdke, fxostfj `dnterfs rfbdnoeldkes nej es pdnofltfs, tdos neje d keflád dssenodkd, ds ndrdntfrêstonds jftdiþbonds, es häiotes koftïtones f e lêvfb kf dkfsîe de trdtdjflte, quf tdjiïj pekfj oltfr`fror ld rfspestd de jfkondjflte. Kesfs olsu`onofltfs pekfj sfr tîe odtreaïlonds qudlte ds supfrkesdafls. Jdlutfláîe orrfaubdr per tfjpe olsu`onofltf eu fxnfssove pekf prevendr oaudbjfltf f`fotes ardvfs fj trdtdjfltes kf kefláds, lejfdkdjfltf ds nrþlonds. Fj sêltfsf, pekf-sf d`orjdr quf pdrd tekds ds nbdssfs kf jfkondjfltes kesfs f jdlutfláîe oldkfqudkds soalo`ondj kdle de pdnofltf f, pertdlte, olkuáîe kf f`fote odtreaïlone. • F`fotes olkfsfcävfos, seirftuke es olfspfrdkes3  Kovfrses fstukes hespotdbdrfs kfjelstrdrdj quf fltrf 6 f 0% kes oltfrldjfltes enerrfj per nelsfquãlnod kf f`fotes olkfsfcävfos kd tfrdpãutond jfkondjfltesd f quf, fltrf es pdnofltfs hespotdbozdkes, 4= d 9=% se`rfrdj dbaujd rfdnáîe dkvfrsd. Kf uj jeke afrdb, fstojd-sf quf nfrnd kf ;=% kes pdnofltfs fxpfrojfltdrdj f`fotes olkfsfcävfos prekuzokes per jfkondjfltes (KDPOF^, 4?86). Lfj sfjprf ïkes nelsflsudb ujd nbdsso`ondáîe kesjubtopbonokdkf prolnopdos f`fotes olkfsfcävfos jfkondjfltes. Fxostf ujd kf

 

tfrjes, `rfqufltfjfltf jdb utobozdkes, quf pekf kdr jdrafj í nel`usîe. Vjd nbdsso`ondáîe kfsnrotd per Ndppfbd f Bdpertf (4?8?) les pdrfnf ótob, peos `dnobotd d nejprfflsîe kes prolnopdos jfndlosjes pfbes qudos fbfs enerrfj3 • ^upfrkesdafj rfbdtovd, qudlke uj `ärjdne ï dkjolostrdke fj kesfs hdiotudos, jds, dpfsdr kosse, suds nelnfltrdáöfs sîe supfroerfs ís hdiotudos. • F`fotes nebdtfrdos, sîe olfrfltfs í prþprod dnáîe `drjdnebþaond ke jfkondjflte, perïj nuce dpdrfnojflte ï olkfsfcävfb luj jejflte kftfrjoldke kf sud dpbondáîe. • F`fotes sfnulkäroes, sîe es kfvokes lîe í dnáîe `drjdnebþaond prolnopdb ke jfkondjflte, jds ís suds nelsfquãlnods. • Okoessolnrdsod, trdtd-sf kf ujd sflsoiobokdkf pfnubodr d uj kftfrjoldke prekute, jetovdkd pfbd fstruturd solaubdr kf dbauj sostfjd flzojätone. Nelsokfrd-sf quf ds rfspestds okoessolnräsonds sf kfvfj de pebojer`osje aflïtone. • Hopfrsflsoiobokdkf dbïraond, sîe rfdnáöfs ke sostfjd ojulebþaone kf oltflsokdkf nbdrdjfltf lîe rfbdnoeldkd nej d kesf dkjolostrdkd. ]drd sud prekuáîe, ï lfnfssärod d sflsoiobozdáîe prïvod ke olkovêkue. • [ebfrélnod, ï dqufbf `flþjfle pfbe qudb fj ndse kf dkjolostrdáîe rfpftokd, neltêlud eu nrþlond kf uj `ärjdne eu kread ld jfsjd kesf kojoluo prearfssovdjfltf d oltflsokdkf kes f`fotes. Kfssd `erjd, ï lfnfssäroe dujfltdr prearfssovdjfltf d kesf pdrd pekfr jdltfr es f`fotes ld jfsjd oltflsokdkf. Vjd eutrd nbdsso`ondáîe, prepestd per Ydwbols f [hejpsel (4?86), tfj soke nelsokfrdkd kf jdoer dpbondiobokdkf nbêlond f fpokfjoebþaond. ^faulke es duterfs, ds rfdnáöfs dkvfrsds prekuzokds per jfkondjfltes pekfrodj suikovokor-sf fj keos ardlkfs arupes3 d) ds quf sîe f`fotes `drjdnebþaones lerjdos, perïj dujfltdkes (kf tope D eu ‒duajfltfk‚) f i) ds quf sîe

 

f`fotes `drjdnebþaones tetdbjfltf dlerjdos eu olfspfrdkes (tope I eu ‒iozdrrf‚). • Jeriobokdkf f/eu jertdbokdkf3  Dolkd quf fj afrdb es f`fotes olkfsfcävfos sfcdj kf ndräntfr bfvf eu jekfrdke, lîe sf pekf fsqufnfr quf tdjiïj pekfj prekuzor jertf eu pekfj sfr rfspelsävfos per bfsöfs orrfvfrsêvfos. Ld jfbher kds hopþtfsfs, qudlke uj `ärjdne ï nejfrnodbozdke sîe nelhfnokes es sfauoltfs fbfjfltes3 • ndrdntfrêstonds `êsone-quêjonds7 • pfr`ob kf dntovokdkfs `drjdnebþaonds seirf jekfbes fxpfrojfltdos ol votre f ol vove7 • pfr`ob kf texonokdkf fxpfrojfltdb daukd, suidaukd f nrþlond7 nr þlond7 • `drjdnenolïtond fj dlojdos kf bdierdtþroe f ld fspïnof hujdld7 • dntovokdkf `drjdnebþaond f sfus f`fotes `drjdnebþaones le hejfj. Kospöf-sf, dbïj kosse, kf kdkes kf texonokdkf daukd (f, ís vfzfs, nrþlond) ld fspïnof hujdld f kf kdkes nejpdrdtoves nej eutrds dbtfrldtovds tfrdpãutonds. Eutrds ol`erjdáöfs kozfj rfspfote í f`onänod tfrdpãutond rfdb, nejpdrdkd í f`onänod `drjdnebþaond dvdbodkd fj flsdoes nbêlones. •

Oltfrdnáöfs Kdlesds3  ]rfsnroáöfs quf dssenodj jfkondjfltes tãj per eicfntove prolnopdb petflnodbozdr e f`fote tfrdpãutone, nerroaor pessêvfos f`fotes olkfsfcävfos, prfvflor rfsostãlnod f djpbodr es jfndlosjes kf dnáîe tfrdpãutond. Oltfrdnáîe jfkondjfltesd ï e prenfsse dtrdvïs ke qudb uj jfkondjflte jeko`ond e f`fote `drjdnebþaone kf eutre. Es jfndlosjes kfssds oltfrdnáöfs sîe juote vdrodkes f nejpbfxes, neltuke uj jeke kf nbdsso`onä-bes nelsokfrd ds pessoiobokdkfs kf oltfrdnáöfs `drjdnenolïtonds f `drjdnekoléjonds. Ds oltfrdnáöfs `drjdnenolïtonds sîe dqufbds quf oltfr`frfj les prenfsses kf diseráîe, kostroiuoáîe, jftdiebozdáîe eu fxnrfáîe kf

 

eutrds jfkondáöfs. Ds oltfrdnáöfs `drjdnekoléjonds sîe ds quf oltfr`frfj les jfndlosjes kf dnáîe ioequêjond kes jfkondjfltes. Dssoj sflke, f qudlke sf dierkd d jfkondbozdáîe ke ldsnojflte f sud oltfrdnáîe, d qufstîe lîe ï sojpbfsjfltf lujïrond „ kojoluor e lójfre kf pdrtes per nfsdrodld eu oltfrvflnoeldkes. [djiïj ï `ulkdjfltdb iusndr ujd dssostãlnod hujdlozdkd de ldsnojflte f de pdrte. Osse soalo`ond uj tope kf dssostãlnod quf, olke dbïj kf dpflds iusndr e pdrte lerjdb d qudbqufr nuste, prenurf rfsadtdr d pesoáîe nfltrdb kd jubhfr le prenfsse ke ldsnojflte7 ujd dssostãlnod quf rfspfotf d koalokdkf kds jubhfrfs, sud dutelejod f sfu neltrebf seirf d sotudáîe. Ï fstd dtfláîe í jîf quf adrdltf de ifiï uj nejfáe kf vokd fj ieds nelkoáöfs `êsonds f fjenoeldos. Ds oltfrvfláöfs jïkonds ld ardvokfz f le pdrte sîe ótfos qudlke lfnfssärods, jds, neje qudsf tekds ds oltfrvfláöfs, pekfj trdzfr rosnes sfvfres pdrd d jîf f pdrd d nrodlád. [erld-sf urafltf, pertdlte, rfpflsdr d dpbondáîe retolford kf kovfrsds prätonds kf dssostãlnod í ardvokfz f de pdrte quf lîe trdzfj iflf`ênoes f provdj d jubhfr kf tfr jdoer neltrebe seirf sfu prþproe pdrte. Es prenfkojfltes rfnelhfnokdjfltf kdleses f olf`ondzfs, quf kfvfrodj sfr fbojoldkes, neltoludj d `dzfr pdrtf ke kod d kod kd jdoerod kes sfrvoáes. Dbauls fxfjpbes sîe3ke d ojeiobozdáîe, d pesoáîe herozeltdb kurdltf e pdrte7 e use retolfore flfjd (bdvdafj oltfstoldb), kd tronetejod (rdspdafj kes pfbes puiodles) f kd fposoetejod (nertf f nesturd kd vubvd f vdaold)7 utobozdáîe ke sere7 dkjolostrdáîe kf enotenold pdrd dnfbfrdr e trdidbhe kf pdrte7 f es fs`eráes fxpubsoves koroaokes (jdlkdr d jubhfr `dzfr `erád). Osse sfj jflnoeldr d jdleird kf Grostfbbfr (`dzfr `erád seirf e ótfre). Jfsje ds prätonds quf, kfvokdjfltf olkondkds, pekfrodj sfr ótfos, juotds vfzfs sîe usdkds kf `erjd oldkfqudkd, pekflke ndusdr, per osse, jdos kdle quf iflf`ênoe, neje, per fxfjpbe, tfjes es fxdjfs vdaoldos `rfqufltfs. Jdos ke quf prejevfr d utobozdáîe eu lîe kf kftfrjoldkds prätonds, e

 

rfsadtf ke pdpfb nfltrdb f dntove kd jubhfr le prenfsse kd ardvokfz f ke ldsnojflte ï e `ene kd butd pfbd hujdlozdáîe kd dssostãlnod. D jdtfrlokdkf sfaurd ï uj prolnêpoe iäsone kes korfotes rfprekutoves, dssoj neje e korfote kd jubhfr kf tejdr suds kfnosöfs kf jdlford ifj ol`erjdkd fj rfbdáîe d sfu nerpe, sud sdókf, sfxudbokdkf f rfprekuáîe. D dssostãlnod jdos f`fntovd sfrod, pertdlte, nfltrdkd lds lfnfssokdkfs kds pdrturofltfs, fj vfz kf eradlozdkd sfaulke ds lfnfssokdkfs kf olstotuoáöfs f kes pre`ossoeldos. ^frod uj fbfjflte projerkodb pdrd dbndládr es eicfntoves kf ujd jdtfrlokdkf sfaurd, peos rfulorod f`onänod, sfaurdlád f rdnoeldbokdkf le use kes rfnurses, prejevflke ujd jfbher dkfsîe kds jubhfrfs des sfrvoáes. D rfsostãlnod í jukdlád lîe pdssd dpflds per qufstöfs tïnlonds, jds tdjiïj per pfrnfpáöfs, fxpfntdtovds, prf`frãlnods f nelvfloãlnods kf pre`ossoeldos f pdnofltfs qudlte de pdrte f sud dssostãlnod, pfbe quf uraf d lfnfssokdkf kf rfkf`olor e pdrdkoajd kd dssostãlnod eistïtrond. Lfstd pfrspfntovd, d jukdlád nejpertdjfltdb `dnf de ldsnojflte olonod-sf nej d dbtfrdáîe pre`ulkd kes jekfbes `erjdtoves kes pre`ossoeldos, dbtfrdáîe ke `ene kf dtflkojflte í jubhfr prfnelozdlke-sf, dssoj, uj dtflkojflte nfltrdke lds lfnfssokdkfs f olkovokudbokdkf f, per `oj, ujd jukdlád nejpertdjfltdb tdjiïj kds jubhfrfs. D fstds fxoaf-sf quf dssujdj uj pdpfb jdos rfovolkondtove f fxoafltf, terldlke-ds dntovds fj tekes es prenfsses ke nuokdr, eiroadlke es pre`ossoeldos d dssujorfj eutrds nelkutds `dnf d fssf jekfbe dssostflnodb eistïtrone.

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  IDBOL[, J. E Jïkone, sfu ]dnofltf f d keflád. [rdkuáîe3 Jusdnhoe, Y. E. Yoe kf Cdlfore3 Bovrdrod Dthflfu, 4?16. 9. ID^[E^, E. Dspfntes ïtones kd tfrdpãutond psoquoätrond.  Cerld Irdsobfore kf ]soquodtrod, >=(4)3?>-4==, 4?84. ND]FBBD, BD]EY[F, C. Y. Jïtekes Fpokfjoebeaod fjprfadkes fj >. fstukes kf K.7 utobozdáîe kf jfkondjfltes. ke

 

Jfkondjflte. Ol3 BD]EY[F, C. Y.7 [EALELO, A.7 YESFL@FBK, ^., ^îe ]dube3 Hunotfn-Dirdsne, 4?8?. ;.  NEL^FBHE @FKFYDB KF JFKONOLD. Nþkoae kf Ïtond Jïkond.  9. fk. Yfsebuáîe N@J le  49;0/88. Irdsêbod3 [dibþokf,

4??=. 6.  KDPOF^, K. J. Hystery dlk Fpokfjoebeay. Ol3 Kdvofs K. J. [fxtieeg e` Dkvfrsf Krua Yfdntoels. >. fk. Ex`erk3 Ex`erk Vlovfrsoty,4?86. 0. KDPO^-@BE_K, Y. [hf tfnhlenrdton ieky3 djfrondj nhobkiorth ds nubturdb fxprfssoel. ^en. ^no Jfkondb, 4??;7 >8 (8)34496-;=. 1.  KDPO^-@BE_K, Y. [hf tfnhlenrdton, hujdloston dlk heboston  pdrdkoajs e` nhobkiorth.  Dustol ([fx)3 Oltfrldtoeldb C. Aylfneb&Eist, 9==47 1636-9>. 8. OBBONH, O.  D fxpreprodáîe kd sdókf3 lãjfsos kd jfkonold. Yoe kf Cdlfore3 Levd @reltford, 4?16. ?. CHDQDY, I.^. ft db. Yosg @dnters `er Oltrdnrdlodb Hfjerrhdaf Djela @ubb-[frj Ol`dlts3 D Ndsf-Neltreb ^tuky. Lfuresurafr  69, l. > (9==>)3 684-6?=. 4=. CEHL^EL ft db. Ojjfkodtf Jdtfrldb dlk Lfeldtdb F``fnts e` @ernfps dlk Pdnuuj-Dssostfk Kfbovfrofs. Eistft Aylfneb  4=>,  4=>, l. > (9==;)3 64>-648.

44. JnIYOKF, Q. A., ft db. Jfthek e` Kfbovfry dlk Kfvfbepjfltdb Eutnejf dt @ovf _fdrs e` Daf. Jfk Duaust   4, l. 8 (4?1?)3 >=4->=;. 49. EAD, ^.7 ID^OBF, D. N. Jfkondjfltes f suds oltfrdáöfs. ^îe ]dube3 Dthflfu, 4??;. 4>.  ]EL[F^, C. @. f neb.  Dpestobd ke Nurse kf Jfkonold ]sonessejätond. ^îe ]dube3 OIN]FAF, 4?80. 4;. YDQBOL^, J. K.7 [HEJ]^EL, C. Q. Jfnhdlosjs e` Dkvfrsf Krua Yfdntoels. Ol3 Kdvofs, K. J. [fxtieeg e` Dkvfrsf Krua Yfdntoels. >. fk. Ex`erk3 Ex`erk Vlovfrsoty ]rfss, 4?86.

 

46.  QF^BF_ I. K., ft db.  [hf F``fnt e` @ernfps Kfbovfry el Nealotovf Kfvfbepjflt. Dj C Eistft Aylfneb  40?,  40?, l. 6 (4??>)3 4=?4-4=?6. 40.  QHE3 Oltfrldtoeldb Krua Jeloterola3 [hf Yebf e` Ldtoeldb Nfltrfs. [fnhlondb Yfpert ^frofs le ;?8. Aflfvd, 4?19. 41.  SDLOLO, D. N.7 EAD, ^. @drjdnebeaod Dpbondkd. ^îe ]dube3 Dthflfu, 4?86.

 

4>. ^fr keubd ï sfr `fjolostd5

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

D keubd quf dtud ld pfrspfntovd ke jevojflte pfbd hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte f ldsnojflte lîe ï, f lîe pekf sfr, d ‒jubhfr quf sfrvf‚. Fssd `oaurd nel`ulkf-sf kfjdos nej e okfäroe kd jubhfr ‒ied f suijossd‒, drquïtope fssf quf, dboäs, fstä ld rdoz kd pdssovokdkf kds jubhfrfs, quf, ujd vfz afstdltfs, jdlsdjfltf sfaufj e ndjolhe trdádke pfbds duterokdkfs jïkonds. E jekfbe kd keubd neje ‒jubhfr quf sfrvf‚ lîe nejiold nej e pfr`ob ke jevojflte pfbd hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte f ldsnojflte. ^f ï vfrkdkf quf, lfssfs trdcfs, d keubd lîe dssustd e sostfjd, dprfsfltdlke-sf dpdrfltfjfltf neje uj jfoe tfrje kopbejätone quf pfrjotf olarfssdr le sdltuäroe kf preprofkdkf jïkond „ d sdbd kf pdrte „, per eutre bdke, perïj, fssd kf`oloáîe kd keubd nel`ulkf flerjfjfltf d prätond f`ftovd kds levds keubds. Fssds jeáds iusndj d `erjdáîe kf keubds perquf, afrdbjfltf, cä euvordj `dbdr kf hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte, sf sflsoiobozdrdj nej afstdltfs f pdrturofltfs f qufrfj dcukä-bds. Juotds kds dspordltfs d keubds, olnbusovf, cä pessufj uj fltflkojflte nbdre ke diuse kf pekfr jïkone f, pessovfbjfltf, cä tãj, eu vorîe d tfr, neltdte nej jobotdltfs ke jevojflte. Erd, lîe hä ldkd kf pdssove f suijosse ld hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte, juote pfbe nelträroe. Tufj `er sf `djobodrozdlke nej ds qufstöfs flvebvokds lîe pekfrä kfoxdr kf sf seirfssdbtdr kodltf kes disurkes nejftokes neltrd ds jubhfrfs. Ds keubds sîe ds pfsseds quf jdos prþxojds fstîe kds arävokds, ds quf jdos kf pfrte dssostfj de kfsflrebdr kfssf krdjd quf sf nhdjd nonbe ardvêkone-pufrpfrdb. Neje pekfjes preper d fssds levds `oaurds e pdpfb kf ‒jubhfrfs quf sfrvfj‚5 ^frvfj de quf5 Des oltfrfssfs ke sostfjd5 Eu des oltfrfssfs kd

 

jubhfr5 F kf qudb jubhfr, ujd vfz quf ndkd ujd vovf ujd rfdbokdkf pdrtonubdr5 D nel`usîe ï tdltd ld prätond kd keubdafj quf hä keubds quf dndidj sfrvolke de sostfjd, perquf lîe sdifj e quf `dzfr f tfjfj sfrfj jdlkdkds fjierd pfbes jïkones. ^fj olstrujfltes nelnfotudos f rfbdnoeldos pdrd `dzfr ko`frfltf, lîe rfstd quf pdssdr d jîe ld ndifád sudkd kd pdrturofltf kfotdkd lujd jdnd hespotdbdr f tfltdr nelsebä-bd. E nelträroe kosse tdjiïj ï prdtondke, sîe ds keubds darfssovds, quf iroadj f `dzfj nel`usîe ld sdbd kf pdrte flndrdlke jïkones f fl`frjfords. Neje sf pekf ojdaoldr, fbds lîe kîe nfrte f, le d`î kf pûr fj prätond es okfdos kd hujdlozdáîe, dndidj, dolkd per nojd, sflke duterotärods eu jdlopubdkerds nej suds prþprods nbofltfs. D `dbtd kf nbdrfzd nej rfbdáîe de pfr`ob, bojotfs f pesturds kd `uláîe kd keubd nerrfspelkf í ndrãlnod kf ujd rf`bfxîe nrêtond seirf fstf pdpfb3 Tufj seu fu f e quf fsteu `dzflke nej fstd jubhfr le pdrte kfbd f le neltfxte jdoer le qudb fstdjes djids olsfrokds5 ^fj rfspestds erofltdkerds, d sotudáîe kds keubds esnobd fltrf es epestes, tfjpfrdkes fstfs pfbd pfrseldbokdkf f nelsnoãlnod kf ndkd ujd. Ï prfnose jdos ke quf osse. D `oaurd kd keubd lfnfssotd kf uj fsnbdrfnojflte d lêvfb okfebþaone. Tufj ï, d`oldb, fssd pre`ossoeldb5 D keubd ï ujd jubhfr quf kä supertf d eutrd fj sfu prenfsse kf dpreprodáîe kf sfu nerpe f kf sfu pdrte. Fstf supertf ojpbond fj tfr leáîe kf quf e ‒preibfjd‚ kf sud nbofltf tfj neletdáöfs senodos, psonebþaonds, nubturdos f kf aãlfre. Olnbusovf, quf d rfdbokdkf kf sud nbofltf lîe ï sþ kfbd, jds ï lessd. E pdrte rfprfsfltd uj jejflte fspfnê`one kf uj neltfxte jdoer quf koz rfspfote d tekds lþs, jubhfrfs. D rfdbokdkf ke pdrte ï dssulte kf jubhfrfs7 neje e pdrte ï nelkuzoke, tdjiïj. Neje ds pdrturofltfs sîe trdtdkds rf`bftf ujd rfdbokdkf senodb3 neje ds jubhfrfs  sîe nelsokfrdkds per jïkones, fl`frjfords (son!), jdrokes f `djêbods, fj pestes kf sdókf, hespotdos, nelsubtþroes f ruds. E trdidbhe kd keubd ï dqufbf kf ujd jubhfr quf `ejfltd d dutelejod kf eutrd jubhfr. [rdtd-sf kf ujd dáîe kf sererokdkf. ^f, ke pelte kf vostd jdtfrodb, d keubd ‒sfrvf‚, fbd, fltrftdlte, dtud le herozeltf kd orjdlkdkf

 

`fjolold. Lîe vfr osse rfsujf d `uláîe kd keubd d ujd sïrof kf afstes prätones pdrd `dnobotdr e pdrte, qudlke sdifjes kd flerjf ol`buãlnod quf tãj ds nelkoáöfs psonessenodos seirf d `osoebeaod ke pdrte. D keubd ï ujd dbodkd kd jubhfr fj sfu prenfsse kf dutekfsneifrtd. Pfcdjes, ld prätond, quf tope kf jubhfr d jekfrld keubd vdo flneltrdr3 • Dnrfkotd fj tuke e quf es fspfnodbostds kozfj7 • [fjf `dzfr pfraultds de jïkone, neltrdroä-be f/eu qufstoelä-be7 • Kfsnel`od kf sud oltuoáîe, ís vfzfs sfqufr dnhd quf tfj ujd7 • Ï suijossd í vosîe ke jdroke, d epoloîe kfbf tfj, ís vfzfs, jdoer rfbfvélnod ke quf d prþprod7 • Lîe sf sfltf ndpdz kf fl`rfltdr e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte7 • ]flsd quf lîe pekfrä daufltdr d ker ke pdrte7 • Nel`od jdos fj jïkone ke quf fj pdrtford7 • Posudbozd d sfaurdlád ke `obhe neje fj epesoáîe d sfus ‒kfsfces‚7 • Dnrfkotd quf e hespotdb ï jdos sfaure ke quf d ndsd7 • Lîe sdif sf prfnosd kf ujd keubd eu kf uj dpeoe fspfnodbozdke, jds tfj nfrtfzd prfnosdr kd sfaurdlád kd dpdrfbhdafj jïkond. [ekds fssds sotudáöfs sîe korftd eu olkorftdjfltf qufstöfs kf aãlfre. Fbds fxostfj per quf d jubhfr lîe dnrfkotd fj so (f le `fjolole fj afrdb) f kfbfad sfu pekfr pfssedb de hejfj (f í jubhfr quf `dz e pdpfb ke hejfj) f sfus rfprfsfltdltfs (hespotdb). Vjd vfz quf kdr í buz ï ujd dtovokdkf topondjfltf `fjolold, fssd olsfaurdlád kd jubhfr sf sustfltd, fj ardlkf pdrtf, per quf hä uj oltfore neltfxte nubturdb f senodb quf d vdbokd3 d jubhfr ï fkundkd pdrd e pdpfb kf suijossîe í duterokdkf jdsnubold. Fstd rfdbokdkf, quf prfcukond d senofkdkf fj afrdb f tekd jubhfr fj pdrtonubdr, ld herd ke pdrte sf terld dbtdjfltf preibfjätond, afrdlke prfcuêzes psone`êsones, daerd julkodbjfltf rfnelhfnokes fj pfsquosds nofltê`onds.

 

E oltfrfssdltf kd hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte le tendltf ís qufstöfs kf aãlfre ï quf, kf rfpfltf, ujd sïrof kf pfsquosds f rfnejflkdáöfs jïkonds sf terldj idbudrtf kf uj leve `fjolosje3 e `fjolosje kd sdbd kf pdrte. Kf `dte, d hujdlozdáîe sþ pekf `ulnoeldr sf ds jubhfrfs rftejdrfj ds rïkfds kf sfu prenfsse rfprekutove, oste ï, rfdkoquorfrfj nel`odlád fj sud nelkoáîe kf jubhfrfs, fj suds rdzöfs, kfsfces f pekfrfs, supfrdlke jfkes oltrecftdkes f djpbo`ondkes quf sþ sfrvfj pdrd jdltfr oltdntds dltoads f eisebftds rfbdáöfs kf pekfr. Dcukdr ujd jubhfr d rfdpreprodr-sf kf sfu nerpe, dutenel`odlád f pdrte soalo`ond fjpekfrdr   fssd jubhfr „ e quf `dz pdrtf ke okfäroe `fjolostd. Tufrfjes quf ds jubhfrfs nelhfádj sfus korfotes, tflhdj `erád pdrd d`orjä-bes, rfnupfrfj d nel`odlád fj sfus nerpes f rfdbozfj dtovdjfltf sfus pdrte. Osse ï prejevfr d jubhfr, ï vdberozä-bd, kfsvolnubdlke-d kds nerrfltfs kf suijossîe f oalerélnod. Osse ï `fjolosje dpbondke de pdrte. Ndif í keubd neltroiuor pdrd quf d jubhfr quf fbd dtflkf tflhd ujd fxpfroãlnod boifrtdkerd, sud `uláîe ï dcukä-bd d sf sebtdr kf qudltes prfnelnfotes pessêvfos. Fj pdrtonubdr, d keubd prfnosd `endbozdr quf sfu eicftove ï pfrjotor í sud nbofltf didlkeldr dqufbf cuêze lfadtove quf d nebend sfjprf le pdpfb kd olnejpftfltf fj tejdr kfnosöfs f rfdbozdr qudbqufr neosd, dtï nhfadr de pelte quf lfj d sojpbfs dtovokdkf kf kdr í buz, quf fstä aflftondjfltf olsnrotd fj sud hfrdlád hujdld, pfrtflnf jdos í sud fs`frd kf dáîe. Ke pelte kf vostd jdsnubole, sfrod neje kozfr quf e hejfj ï olndpdz kf tfr ujd frfáîe, quf prfnosd kf dssostãlnod fspfnodbozdkd pdrd tdlte. E nhequf kf ujd tdb okfod sf idsfod le `dte kf quf `dbdjes kf hejfls f ke jdrne kd jdsnubolokdkf. F sfrä quf pdrte lîe sfrod uj jdrne kd `fjolobokdkf5 Fj vfrkdkf, usdj-sf keos pfses f kuds jfkokds. ]er oste, d pdbdvrd ke jïkone tfj jdos pfse f pekf dneltfnfr kf e jdroke dpeoä-bd fj kftrojflte ke quf sud fspesd pflsd, peos e hejfj pdtrodrndb ï bfdb d eutre hejfj f lîeD kfoxdrod kf flkessä-be pdrd ujd jubhfr, jfsje d prþprod. osse, sejd-sf e `dte kf qufvdberozdr d duterokdkf kf uj

 

sostfjd senodb pdtrodrndb ï jdsnubold f d eistftrênod `ulkd-sf nelnfotudbjfltf lujd vosîe jdsnubold ke prenfsse kf afstdr f pdror. Kdê e pdpfb kd keubd neje `ejfltdkerd kd dutefstojd `fjolold sfr flerjfjfltf ojpertdltf. Kf tuke osse fbd kfvf tfr nelsnoãlnod vovd, pessovfbjfltf tflke fl`rfltdke fssd preibfjätond kfltre kf so perquf sejfltf dssoj tfrä dbae kf vdboese f nelnrftdjfltf f`ftove pdrd e`frfnfr í sud nbofltf. Yfspelkflke, fltîe, í pfraultd ke têtube, sf sfr keubd ï sfr `fjolostd, d rfspestd ï soj, sfr keubd ï sfr `fjolostd. ]er fssãlnod, d `uláîe kd keubd ndrrfad ujd ojpbênotd nelsnoãlnod `fjolostd „ jfsje quf d jubhfr keubd lîe e sdoid. E `fjolosje kd sdbd kf pdrte sf nel`oaurd, dssoj, neje uj leve dspfnte ke `fjolosje, flroqufnflke f djpbodlke d cä jubto`dnftdkd pfrspfntovd tfþrond `fjolostd, f neltroiuolke í sud neltêlud fvebuáîe. Kf `dte, qudbqufr jevojflte (nelnfotudb eu senodb) fj preb kd jfbherod kd qudbokdkf kf vokd kds jubhfrfs, kf sud dutefstojd f pekfr senodb ï `fjolosje „ aestf-sf kfssd pdbdvrd eu lîe.

 

4;. Fvokãlnods kds vdltdafls kd prfsflád kd keubd Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr

D nejpdlhod kf ujd keubd kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f e pdrte ï ujd prätond dlnfstrdb quf dolkd pfrsostf fj juotds nubturds projotovds. Fxostfj fstukes dltrepebþaones quf e nejprevdj. De trdls`fror es pdrtes pdrd e hespotdb, fstf ojpertdltf nejpelfltf `eo fbojoldke f, per juotes dles, ds jubhfrfs tovfrdj quf tfr sfus pdrtes nej e dpeoe fsperäkone kf ko`frfltfs jfjires kd fquopf kf sdókf. Neltdr nej e dpeoe neltêlue kurdltf e pdrte le éjiote hespotdbdr tfj sf nelvfrtoke fj ujd fxnfáîe le julke teke, le buadr kf sfr ujd prätond kf retold. D jubhfr, kurdltf fstf prenfsse, tfj lfnfssokdkfs quf vîe jdos dbïj kd dtfláîe eistïtrond f ke djer f kd prfsflád kf sfu nejpdlhfore. E supertf neltêlue kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte

 

olnbuo trãs kojflsöfs3 fj projfore buadr, e nelsfbhe f d ol`erjdáîe  í jubhfr7 fj sfaulke, d dssostãlnod tdlaêvfb , qufr kozfr, quf fbd sf soltd quf ï dtflkokd qudlke prfnosd7 f, per óbtoje, e dpeoe fjenoeldb , quf soalo`ond quf qufj d dssostf pekf, tdjiïj, fsnutä-bd, trdlquobozä-bd, nelsebä-bd f dnebhã-bd. E projfore dspfnte tfj d vfr nej e `dte kf e`frfnfr í jubhfr ol`erjdáîe eu nelsfbhe, rfspelkflke ís suds kóvokds, fxpbonotds eu lîe. Ï ojpertdltf quf d ol`erjdáîe pdssdkd sfcd vfrkdkford, qufr kozfr, nerreierdkd pfbds fvokãlnods. Jfsje dssoj, kfvf-sf pfkor sud epoloîe f proerozdr suds prf`frãlnods le ndse fj quf lîe hdcd su`onofltfs fvokãlnods seirf ko`frfltfs dspfntes, neje, per fxfjpbe, seirf qudb ï d jfbher pesoáîe jdtfrld kurdltf e pdrte. E sfaulke dspfnte tfj d vfr nej d ndpdnokdkf kf terldr tdlaêvfb d dssostãlnod dkfqudkd pdrd d jubhfr f sud `djêbod. Tufr kozfr, d jubhfr tfj quf nelhfnfr e pre`ossoeldb f sfltor quf pekf neltdr nej fbf qudlke fbd e lfnfssotf f kd `erjd quf prfnosdr. E tfrnfore dspfnte sf rf`frf de dpeoe fjenoeldb. Osse soalo`ond fsnutdr sfj fjotor cubadjfltes, d jfles quf sfcd lfnfssäroe, ol`erjdr seirf dbauj dspfnte fspfnê`one pdrd e qudb hdcd fvokãlnods su`onofltfs d `dver eu neltrd ujd kftfrjoldkd nelkutd. D keubd trdlquobozd f kä nelsebe7 vdbokd d jubhfr f bhf kä nerdafj, kozflke-bhf quf ï ndpdz kf dtrdvfssdr fstd ftdpd nrêtond. D keubd kfvf tfr ujd dtotukf sebênotd quf afrf d sflsdáîe kf ifj-fstdr. Fbd prepernoeld e nel`erte dkfqudke, dtflkflke í jubhfr fj qudbqufr djiofltf f nej d jdoer provdnokdkf pessêvfb. D trdtd nej rfspfote, nhdjdlke-d pfbe lejf, f nelsokfrd rfspfotesdjfltf suds nrfláds (per fxfjpbe, fj dbaujds nubturds dierêaflfs d pbdnfltd ï fltfrrdkd, lujd nfrojûlod fspfnodb, f ds `djêbods pekfj sfltor-sf dbtdjfltf dnebhokds sf bhfs sf pfraultd sf kfsfcdj bfvä-bd nelsoae). [djiïj ï ojpertdltf `dverfnfr, kf `erjd dpreprodkd, e neltdte prfnenf fltrf d jîf f sfu `obhe rfnïj-ldsnoke. Ï ojpertdltf vdbokä-bd f fjpekfrä-bd nelstdltfjfltf dtrdvïs pfrseldbozdkd. D keubd kfvf fstdr prfpdrdkd pdrd tuke osse. kd dtfláîe

 

Fvokãlnods kds vdltdafls Hä 96 dles, Gbdus f nebdierdkerfs4 eisfrvdrdj f olvfstoadrdj e quf enerrf qudlke hä d prfsflád kf ujd jubhfr quf e`frfád ‒dpeoe fjenoeldb neltêlue‚ kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. E Kr. Jdrshdbb Gbdus ï pre`fsser kf pfkodtrod kd Vlovfrsokdkf kd Ndbo`þrlod, fj ^îe @rdlnosne, f ï uj olvfstoadker poelfore kes iflf`ênoes kd prfsflád kds keubds. ]uiboneu drtoaes ld rfvostd kd Dssenodáîe Jïkond Djfrondld fj 4??4. @eo fbf qufj dcukeu d `ulkdr d Dssenodáîe kds Keubds ke Lertf Djïrond. ^faulke sfu bovre ‒Jdtfrldlke d jîf, neje ujd keubd pekf bhf dcukdr d tfr uj pdrte jdos räpoke, `änob f sdukävfb‚ „ nej Gfllfb, Gbdus y Gfllfb (Jethfrola thf Jethfr, Hew d Keubd Ndl Hfbp _eu Hdvf d ^hertfr, Fdsofr dlk Hfdbthofr Iorth, 4??>) „, ujd keubd pekf prepernoeldr ds sfauoltfs ko`frfláds3 • 6=% rfkuáîe kf nfsärfds • 96% pdrte jdos räpoke • 0=% jfles pfkokes kf fpokurdb • ;=% jfler use kf exotenold soltïtond • >=% jfler use kf dldbaïsones • ;=% jfler use kf `þrnfps • Jfbherd ke vêlnube jîf/pdo-ifiã • Jfles preibfjds nej d djdjfltdáîe • Jfler olnokãlnod kf kfprfssîe pþs-pdrte Dtï e dle kf 9==6 tfj sf eisfrvdke jdos kf 6.=== jubhfrfs fj 40 fstukes rdlkejozdkes neltrebdkes (FYN) pdrd dvdbodr e f`fote ke dnejpdlhdjflte kf ujd keubd le pdrte. Es rfsubtdkes sîe surprfflkfltfs, soalo`ondtoves f nelsostfltfs nej rfbdáîe des dspfntes eistïtrones, neje jflerfs tdxds kf pdrtes epfrdtþroes (nfsärfds f `þrnfps), jfler lfnfssokdkf ke use kf dldbafsod kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte, jfler kurdáîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte. [djiïj tfj sf

 

dvdbodke dspfntes psonebþaones, neje jfbher pfrnfpáîe kd vovãlnod kf pdrte, jdoer dutefstojd f jflerfs tdxds kf kfprfssîe pþs-pdrte, f, dbïj kosse, sf pfrnfifu quf d prfsflád kd keubd dcukd d jfbherdr e dpfae jîf-`obhe f ds tdxds kf dbfotdjflte jdtfrle. Le dle kf 9==> sf rfdbozeu uj fstuke fxdustove nuce eicftove `eo kfsnrfvfr ds fxpfroãlnods kf dprexojdkdjfltf 4>.=== jubhfrfs. Kfsneirou-sf quf dqufbds quf rfnfifrdj e dpeoe kf uj dnejpdlhdltf kf pdrte, fj nejpdrdáîe nej ds jubhfrfs quf lîe neltdvdj nej fssf dpeoe, tflkodj d tfr jfles pdrtes per nfsärfd, d sfrfj jfles suijftokds d oltfrvfláöfs jïkonds jdoerfs f d jestrdr-sf jdos sdtos`fotds nej d fxpfroãlnod kf kdr í buz. E fstuke ‒Dpeoe neltêlue prepernoeldke d jubhfrfs kurdltf e pdrte‚ `eo rfdbozdke pfbd prfstoaoesd Nenhrdlf Nebbdierdtoel9. Es olvfstoadkerfs fxdjoldrdj es f`fotes kf uj dpeoe neltêlue kf pdrte nejioldlke e pfse kds fvokãlnods nej es jfbherfs fstukes kospelêvfos. Fj tfrjes afrdos, ds jubhfrfs quf rfnfifj dpeoe neltêlue kurdltf e pdrte tflkodj jfles d3 • ^ebonotdr d dldbafsod fpokurdb eu eutre tope kf dldbafsod bendb7 • Vtobozdr dbauj tope kf dldbafsod/dlfstfsod, olnbuolke fpokurdb eu epoeokfs7 • ]rfnosdr kd utobozdáîe kf vfltesd eistïtrond eu `þrnfps7 • ]dssdr per uj pdrte nfsärfe7 • Fstdr olsdtos`fotd eu tfr ujd epoloîe lfadtovd dnfrnd kf sud fxpfroãlnod. Es duterfs nhfadrdj í nelnbusîe quf tekds ds jubhfrfs kfvfrodj rfnfifr dpeoe le pdrte f ldsnojflte. Jfsje dssoj, dnhdrdj quf e dpeoe neltêlue kf pdrte sf dssenodvd d jdoerfs iflf`ênoes qudlke3 • olonodvd-sf lds projfords ftdpds ke pdrte7 • utobozdvd-sf ldqufbds nornulstélnods fj quf d dldbafsod fpokurdb lîe frd dpbondkd retolfordjfltf7

 

• utobozdvd-sf ldqufbds nornulstélnods fj quf lîe sf pfrjotod ís jubhfrfs fstdrfj dnejpdlhdkds per dbauïj kf sud fsnebhd (neje sfu nejpdlhfore, uj/d djoae/d eu uj jfjire kd `djêbod). Lîe eistdltf, sf eisfrvdrdj iflf`ênoes ke dpeoe le pdrte olnbuse qudlke e dpeoe sf olonoeu lds óbtojds ftdpds ke pdrte, qudlke sf utobozdvd dldbafsod fpokurdb kf retold f qudlke ds pdrturofltfs frdj dnejpdlhdkds kf eutrd pfssed. Es rfsubtdkes kf rfsflhds dltfroerfs seirf dpeoe neltêlue ke pdrte pfkordj d eradlozdáöfs le Ndldkä, Yfole Vloke f FVD pdrd fbdierdr korftovds prätonds d `dver ke dpeoe neltêlue. Es duterfs kf ‒Neltolueus ^uppert `er Qejfl Kurola Nhobkiorth‚ (Dpeoe Neltêlue d jdos Jubhfrfs Kurdltf de `oj ]drte) dssoldbdrdj quf ï]repernoeldke prfnose rfdbozdr olvfstoadáöfs kf nejprfflkfr es f`fotes ke dpeoe neltêlue le pdrte ld sdókf f ifjfstdr kds jîfs f ifiãs le pfrêeke pestfroer de pdrte (olnbuolke es dspfntes kf kfprfssîe pþs-pdrte f kovfrses topes kf jeriokdkf `êsond jdtfrld) f es f`fotes rfbdtoves kes kostoltes jekfbes kf dpeoe de pdrte, fltrf es qudos pekfjes jflnoeldr d dtfláîe prepernoeldkd per keubds ndpdnotdkds f dqufbd per uj pdrfltf eu djoae/d. Yfnejflkdj, dkfjdos, quf flsdoes `utures olnbudj d dläbosf fnelûjond kes nustes rfbdtoves f kes iflf`ênoes ke dpeoe neltêlue de pdrte. D Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kf ^dókf (EJ^) kfnbdreu les dles ?= quf ds keubds kfvfj sfr uj dpeoe quf lîe pekf `dbtdr kurdltf e pdrte.

F`fotes psonebþaones f d belae prdze ld jubhfr pfbd prfsflád kd  keubd  E pdrte ï ujd kds peunds fxpfroãlnods ld vokd kf ujd jubhfr quf pekf jdrnä-bd tîe pre`ulkdjfltf, pesotovd eu lfadtovdjfltf, kdke quf ï uj pfrêeke juote sflsêvfb, le qudb fbd fstä kospestd í jukdlád. E nuokdke quf fbd f sfu `obhe rfnfifj tfj ojpdnte d belae prdze seirf sud dutefstojd, sud rfbdáîe kf ndsdb f seirf neje fbd orä nuokdr kf sfu

 

`obhe f sfu prþproe ifj-fstdr. Fxostfj fstukes quf jestrdj quf e nuokdke kd jîf f kd nrodlád, d`ftuese, pfrseldbozdke f nej ds prätonds rfnejflkdkds, tdos neje pfrjdlfnfr le neltdte pfbf nej pfbf, djdjfltdr ld projford herd kf vokd, dbecdjflte nelculte, bfltdjfltf sei bovrf kfjdlkd f, pessovfbjfltf, d prfsflád ke pdo le pdrte, rfsubtdrdj luj jfler êlkonf kf didlkele kf rfnïj-ldsnokes le hespotdb, kojoluoáîe kds tdxds kf jdu-trdte ol`dltob, djdjfltdáîe preibfjätond kurdltf teke e projfore dle f jdoer pdrtonopdáîe ke pdo le nuokdke ke `obhe>. ^ojgol f Dlnhftd; kfjelstrdrdj quf d rfnerkdáîe ke pdrte neltolud vovd ld jubhfr per pfbe jfles 9= dles f quf fstds bfjirdláds sîe kftfrjoldkds pfbe nuokdke e`frfnoke per qufj ds rekfdvd, f lîe tdlte pfbe pdrte fj so. ]er fxfjpbe, uj pdrte vdaoldb, räpoke f sojpbfs, pekod sfr rfnerkdke lfadtovdjfltf sf d jubhfr frd kfoxdkd sþ f lîe sdiod e quf fstdvd dneltfnflke. De nelträroe, uj pdrte pdr te prebeladke, nejpbondke, quf olnbusovf pekod tfr tfrjoldke fj nfsärfd, pekod sfr rfnerkdke neje ujd fxpfroãlnod juote pesotovd sf fbd sf sfltou dnejpdlhd, ol`erjdkd f rfspfotdkd. D prfsflád neltêlud kd keubd pekf `dzfr d ko`frflád ld fxpfroãlnod f ld rfnerkdáîe kd jubhfr.

 

@oldbozdlke Fxostfj peunds oltfrvfláöfs fj eistftrênod quf tãj e dvdb kds fvokãlnods quf tflhdj tdltes iflf`ênoes neje d prfsflád neltêlud kf ujd keubd. ^îe ndkd vfz jdos ds olstotuoáöfs quf, nelhfnflke sfus iflf`ênoes, olnbufj uj preardjd kf keubds fltrf sfus sfrvoáes.

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  GBDV^ JH, GFLLFB CH, GBDV^, ]H. [hf Keubd Ieeg. ]frsfus ]uiboshola, 9==9. 9.   Dpeye neltolue kfb pdrte d bds Jucfrfs. Kospelêvfb fj3 http3//www.jdtfrlotywosf.era/pre`/bdiersuppert/ BPE@@ LJ, BPE@@ P, GBDV^ JH. F``fnt F``fnt e` thf idiy-`roflkby >.  BPE@@ olotodtovf el ol`dlt didlkeljflt ol d Yussodl hespotdb.  Drnh  9===7 46;(6)3 ;1;-1. ]fkodtr Dkebfsn Jfk  9===7 ;.  E‟NELLFY ^, POF[SF ]J, ^HFYYEK GI ft db.  Yfkunfk olnokflnf e` pdrfltola oldkfqudny `ebbewola reejola-oll. ]fkodtrons 4?8=7 003 410-?9. 6.  ^OJGOL ], DLNHF[D Y^. Bdier ]rearfss Hdlkieeg. Ibdngwfbb, Jdbkfl JD 9===.

 

Letds 4. GBDV^ JH, GFLLFB CH, GBDV^, ]H. [hf Keubd Ieeg. ]frsfus Ieeg. ]frsfus ]uiboshola, 9==9. 9.

 Dpeye

neltolue

kfb

pdrte

d

bds

Jucfrfs Jucfrfs..

Kospelêvfb

fj3

http3//www.jdtfrlotywosf.era/pre`/bdiersuppert/ >. BPE@@ LJ, BPE@@ P, GBDV^ JH. F``fnt e` thf idiy-`roflkby olotodtovf el ol`dlt didlkeljflt ol d Yussodl hespotdb.  Drnh ]fkodtr Dkebfsn Jfk   9===7 46;(6)3 ;1;-1 f E‟NELLFY ^, POF[SF ]J, ^HFYYEK GI ft db.  db.  Yfkunfk olnokflnf e` pdrfltola oldkfqudny `ebbewola reejola-oll. ]fkodtrons ]fkodtrons 4?8=7  4?8=7 003 410-?9. ;. ^OJGOL ], DLNHF[D Y^. Bdier ]rearfss Hdlkieeg. Ibdngwfbb, Hdlkieeg. Ibdngwfbb, Jdbkfl JD 9===.

 

46. Fstrdtïaods f pbdle kf pdrte Jdrêd Pfradrd

Bdjfltdvfbjfltf, kodltf ke jekfbe eistïtrone dtudb f kd rfdbokdkf kd jdoerod kds olstotuoáöfs póibonds f provdkds, kfvfjes flneltrdr fstrdtïaods quf kf`flkdj ds jubhfrfs ke sostfjd kf retolds f ke jdutrdte aflfrdbozdke f ojpfssedb des qudos sîe suijftokds. Kf fvflte ldturdb f `djobodr e pdrte sf terleu uj dte jïkone, fltflkoke neje ujd keflád f le qudb hä kf sf oltfrvor pdrd ‒fvotdr nejpbondáöfs‚, pdrd ‒sdbvdr vokds‚ f ‚nerroaor‚ e prenfsse ldturdb, nelkuzolke-e, dprfssdlke-e f dcustdlke-e des tfjpes olstotunoeldos. Ld jdoerod kes hespotdos f jdtfrlokdkfs sîe juote peunes es pre`ossoeldos hujdlozdkes. Fltflkfjes neje ‒hujdlozdkes‚ dqufbfs jïkones quf dnejpdlhdj d afstdáîe, kdlke dpeoe f neltfláîe í jubhfr, kfvebvflke-bhf d nel`odlád le prenfsse kf afstdáîe f pdrte neje uj `dte `osoebþaone f ldturdb. Ds jubhfrfs f es ndsdos arävokes tãj, afrdbjfltf, quf suijftfr-sf

 

des ‒neltrebfs‚ jflsdos kurdltf es qudos es jïkones tflkfj d ‒iusndr‚ kefláds f nejpbondáöfs. Lfssfs flneltres, jãs dpþs jãs, es pre`ossoeldos dndidj per flnhfr suds pdnofltfs kf tfjerfs (quf sîe kfbfs prþproes) sfj bfvdr fj nelsokfrdáîe e fstdke kf vublfrdiobokdkf kd jubhfr f ke ndsdb arävoke. Dssoj `dzflke, fbfs ds d`dstdj kd nelfxîe olstoltudb nej sfu nerpe kf jubhfr f nej e ifiã.

E quf `dzfr d pdrtor kf lesse pdpfb kf keubds5 Vjd fstrdtïaod ï eradlozdr f neerkfldr uj arupe kf dpeoe í jdtfrlokdkf f kdr pdbfstrds kf prfpdrdáîe de pdrte. Lfbds pekfjes nelvfrsdr seirf ds vovãlnods kf eutrds jubhfrfs f ndsdos quf pdssdj pfbe jfsje prenfsse. Kfstd jdlford, e`frfnfjes d neltfláîe quf e sostfjd kf sdókf lîe kä. ]ekfjes ol`erjdr d rfspfote kes korfotes ld afstdáîe, kds bfos f kds ko`frfltfs epáöfs quf fbds tãj í kospesoáîe pdrd e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Fstd trend ds `dz sfltorfj dpeodkds f ds dcukdj d sebtdr es jfkes. Kfstd `erjd, fjpekfrdjes ds jubhfrfs f e ndsdb, fstojubdlke-es d vovfr d afstdáîe neje uj `dte ldturdb f nejpdrtobhdke, le qudb dbfarod, vokd, fltrfad f nel`odlád sîe pessêvfos. Lfstf arupe pekf-sf `dbdr seirf ds vovãlnods kf eutrds jubhfrfs f ndsdos f kf neje fbfs vovfj e prenfsse, osse kä supertf fjenoeldb f rf`frãlnods pdrd e ndsdb. Ï ojpertdltf, tdjiïj, `dbdr seirf es korfotes ld afstdáîe, pdrte f pþs-pdrte, f ds Yfnejflkdáöfs EJ^. Eutrd fstrdtïaod ï e`frfnfr e dnejpdlhdjflte fjenoeldb olkovokudbozdke, quf, juotds vfzfs, d olstotuoáîe lîe kä eu lîe bfvd fj nelsokfrdáîe. Le ndse fj quf d jubhfr lîe flneltrf uj pre`ossoeldb hujdlozdke eu ujd jdtfrlokdkf quf d rfspfotf, tfr ujd keubd nelsoae ï ujd þtojd `erjd kf nelterldr d sotudáîe. Lfstf ndse, d jubhfr kfvf ol`erjdr í olstotuoáîe quf tfj ujd keubd f dnerkdr-sf pdrd quf fbd pessd sfr dnejpdlhdkd pfbd keubd kurdltf e pdrte. Flqudlte keubds trfoldkds fstdjes ndpdnotdkds d kdr e supertf fjenoeldb de jfsje tfjpe fj quf tfjes nelhfnojflte kd `osoebeaod ke pdrte. Bfvdlke fj nelsokfrdáîe d kostélnod f e tfjpe pdrd nhfadr í

ke pdrte. Bfvdlke fj nelsokfrdáîe d kostélnod f e tfjpe pdrd nhfadr í

 

jdtfrlokdkf, sf lfnfssäroe d jubhfr pekf or dtï bä pdrd sfr fxdjoldkd f kfpeos vebtdr pdrd ndsd pdrd neltoludr e trdidbhe kf pdrte. Yfspfotdlke d fvebuáîe olkovokudb kf ndkd jubhfr, pekfjes dnejpdlhä-bd dtï fbd fstdr nej ujd ied kobdtdáîe. Lfssd dbturd, orîe í olstotuoáîe. Nhfadlke í jdtfrlokdkf nej e trdidbhe kf pdrte dvdládke fvotd-sf ujd sïrof kf oltfrvfláöfs, olnbusovf e dprfssdjflte ke pdrte. ]rdtondjfltf, fstdrä tuke prelte, d jubhfr sþ orä pdror. E trdidbhe kf pdrte fj ndsd, kfltre kf djiofltf `djobodr f nelhfnoke, pekf sfr jdos nurte, räpoke f dardkävfb, f, nelsfqufltfjfltf, ï jfles keberese. D oltojokdkf f d boifrkdkf kf jevojflte `dnobotdj e oltfore prenfsse. @oldbjfltf, hä e pbdle kf pdrte neje fstrdtïaod kf pretfáîe kd jubhfr f ke ifiã. Fstd ï ujd `frrdjfltd quf fstä sflke juote utobozdkd. E pbdle kf pdrte ï dprfsfltdke pfbd jubhfr í olstotuoáîe f de pre`ossoeldb. Fxostfj jekfbes kf pbdle kf pdrte ld päaold kds Djoads ke ]drte (  www.eladjoadskepdrte.nej), www.eladjoadskepdrte.nej), fltrf eutrds, quf pekfj sfr ojprfssds f dkdptdkds ís lfnfssokdkfs olkovokudos. Fstf olstrujflte dcukd d jubhfr d pflsdr neje qufr sfu pdrte, qudos fsnebhds tfj f qudos sîe ds retolds f prenfkojfltes hespotdbdrfs. Juotds kds retolds olstotunoeldos sîe qufstoelävfos, peos fstä nofltê`ondjfltf prevdke quf sîe prfcukonodos í jîf f de ifiã. ]er eutre bdke, fxostfj korfotes, bfos f rfnejflkdáöfs ldnoeldos f oltfrldnoeldos quf `ulkdjfltdj juotds kf lessds lfnfssokdkfs. E pbdle kf pdrte nelvokd d rf`bftor seirf qudos sîe ds fsnebhds kf ndkd ndsdb. Kfstd jdlford, fbfs pekfj olonodr uj koäbeae f nhfadr d uj dnerke dltfs ke pdrte seirf ds lfnfssokdkfs kd jubhfr f ke ndsdb f, dssoj, pfkor de pre`ossoeldb quf ds rfspfotf. Ï ojpertdltf fsnbdrfnfr í jubhfr f de ndsdb quf tfr uj pbdle kf pdrte lfj sfjprf soalo`ond quf suds fsnebhds sfrîe rfspfotdkds, perïj, kf dbaujd `erjd, e pbdle kf pdrte dcukd pdrd quf e ndsdb sdoid kf suds lfnfssokdkfs f, nelsnofltfjfltf, iusquf e pdrte f ldsnojflte ldturdos

 

f rfspfotdkes. Fstf ï uj ndjolhe quf fstdjes nelstruolke nebftovdjfltf. D neltroiuoáîe kf ndkd uj d pdrtor kd nelsnoãlnod, ke rfspfote f ke djer ï ojpertdltf pdrd kfvebvfrjes d FLFYAOD ^DAYDKD ke pdrte f ke ldsnojflte.

 

Fxfjpbe kf ]bdle kf ]drte Le trdidbhe kf pdrte3

• ]rfsflád kf jfu jdroke f/eu keubd. • ^fj pfr`usîe neltêlud kf sere. • Boifrkdkf pdrd ififr äaud f sunes flqudlte sfcdj tebfrdkes. • Boifrkdkf pdrd ndjolhdr f jukdr kf pesoáîe. • Boifrkdkf pdrd e use obojotdke kd idlhford f/eu nhuvfore. • Jeloterdjflte `ftdb3 dpflds sf `er fssflnodb, f lîe neltêlue. • Dldbafsod3 pfáe quf lîe sfcdj e`frfnokes dlfstïsones eu dldbaïsones. Fu pfkorfo qudlke f sf dnhdr lfnfssäroe. Ld herd ke ldsnojflte3

• ]rf`ore nþnerds eu nþnerds sustfltdkd. • ]rf`ore `dzfr `erád qudlke jf kfr veltdkf, fj vfz kf sfr auodkd. • Aestdrod kf uj djiofltf fspfnodbjfltf ndbje lfssd herd. • Fposoetejod3 prf`ore lîe tfr, f aestdrod quf e pfrêlfe `essf dpdrdke ld `dsf kd fxpubsîe, dbïj kd dpbondáîe kf nejprfssds qufltfs f jdssdafj nej þbfe `erlfnoke pfbd keubd. • Aestdrod kf tfr e ifiã ojfkodtdjfltf nebendke fj jfu nebe f, sf heuvfr lfnfssokdkf kf sunnoeldr ds vods rfspordtþrods, prf`ore quf sfcd `fote flqudlte fbf fstä nejoae. • E pdo nertdrä e nerkîe ujiobondb, kfpeos quf fssf pdrdr kf pubsdr.  Dpþs e pdrte3

• Daudrkdr fxpubsîe fspeltélfd kd pbdnfltd nej duxêboe kd djdjfltdáîe.

E ifiã kfvf `ondr nejoae e tfjpe teke, jfsje pdrd dvdbodáîe

 

f fxdjfs. • Boifrdáîe pdrd e dpdrtdjflte e qudlte dltfs. • Dbtd e qudlte dltfs. Nuokdkes nej e ifiã3

• Djdjfltdáîe sei bovrf kfjdlkd, lîe e`frfnfr äaud abonesdkd eu iones. • Dbecdjflte nelculte e tfjpe teke. • ]fkodtrd `dz dvdbodáîe le qudrte. Ndse d nfsärfd sfcd lfnfssärod3

• ]rfsflád kf jfu jdroke f/eu d keubd. • Dlfstfsod3 pfrokurdb, sfj sfkdáîe. • Tufre vfr d herd ke ldsnojflte, nej e rfidoxdjflte ke pretfter eu per uj fspfbhe. • Dpþs e ldsnojflte, aestdrod quf nebendssfj e ifiã seirf jfu pfote f quf jolhds jîes fstfcdj bovrfs pdrd sfaurä-be. • Djdjfltdáîe e qudlte dltfs.

 

40. D olsfráîe kd arupe keubd `djobodr  ld fquopf pre`ossoeldb f le Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr

E pdpfb kd keubd nelsostf fj prepernoeldr í jubhfr f de nejpdlhfore kfbd dpeoe `êsone, fjenoeldb f ol`erjdtove, kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f e ldsnojflte ke ifiã. D keubd e`frfnf dcukd f nelsfbhes le quf koz rfspfote ís jfkokds kf dbêvoe f nel`erte, tdos neje rfspordáîe, rfbdxdjflte, pesoáöfs f jevojflte. Fbd sf fspfnodbozd fj hdiobokdkfs lîe jïkonds f lîe pdrtonopd kds tdrf`ds nbêlonds. [djpeune d keubd kodalestond sotudáöfs jïkonds, lfj kä nelsfbhes kf ndrätfr jïkone. Tuoáä e kfsnelhfnojflte kds `uláöfs fspfnê`onds kd keubd `dz nej quf sfcd ko`ênob sud olsfráîe fj dbaujds fquopfs. ^f ifj quf hä juotd fvokãlnod kes iflf`ênoes dkvolkes kf pekfr neltdr nej ujd keubd kf dpeoe pfrjdlfltf kurdltf e prenfsse ke trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte, fxostfj, dolkd, juotds rfsostãlnods per pdrtf kds fquopfs jïkonds, per

quf fstds kfsnelhfnfj fssds fvokãlnods. Juotes jïkones f eutres

 

pre`ossoeldos kd fquopf lîe nelhfnfj ds ko`frfltfs pfsquosds fj quf sîe jestrdkes es iflf`ênoes kd `uláîe kd keubd. D kfsol`erjdáîe, fj juotes ndses, afrd tfjer `rfltf í dpdrfltf oltfr`frãlnod kf ujd fstrdlhd, quf lîe ï nelsokfrdkd ujd pre`ossoeldb, f quf pekf cubaä-bes. Kf `dte, lîe nelsokfrdr d keubd neje ujd pre`ossoeldb sf kfvf de jdrndke kfsnelhfnojflte kf suds `uláöfs f kf sud `erjdáîe. [djiïj, f, seirftuke, hä nel`usîe fltrf fbd e pdpfb kd pdrtford. ]er eutre bdke, dqufbfs jïkones, pdrtfords f fl`frjfords quf nelhfnfj d `uláîe kd keubd dprfnodj d dtfláîe olkovokudbozdkd quf suds pdnofltfs rfnfifj f d sdtos`dáîe quf ds jubhfrfs jdlo`fstdj qudlke neltdj nej e dpeoe kf ujd keubd kurdltf e pdrte. Juotds vfzfs, tdjiïj, d olsfráîe kd keubd kfltre ke éjiote `djobodr ï kfbondkd, lîe tdlte pfbe nejpdlhfore kd afstdltf, quf, le afrdb, cä fstdifbfnfu uj vêlnube `ertf nej d keubd dltfs ke pdrte, dssoj neje d jubhfr, jds nej es kfjdos `djobodrfs. Fj dbaujds endsoöfs, fspfnodbjfltf jîf, seards eu eutrds jubhfrfs kd `djêbod nej rfbdáîe prþxojd í afstdltf sfltfj quf d keubd fstä enupdlke uj buadr quf bhfs ndifrod. Hä, dolkd, juote quf `dzfr pdrd quf ds rfbdáöfs fltrf tekes es pretdaelostds kd nfld ke pdrte f ldsnojflte sfcd d jfbher f bfvf d rfsubtdkes jdos pesotoves.

 

Yfnurses E projfore pdsse pdrd quf d olsfráîe kd keubd ld fquopf jïkond f ld `djêbod ke ndsdb sfcd ied ï d ol`erjdáîe. [dlte des pre`ossoeldos kd fquopf dssostfltf neje í `djêbod quf pdrtonopdrä ke jejflte ï ojpertdltf pdssdr e nelhfnojflte lfnfssäroe pdrd quf dnfotfj sud prfsflád sfj sf sfltorfj djfdádkes. D keubd kfvf fxpbondr fj quf nelsostf e pdpfb quf kfsfjpflhd, suds bojotdáöfs, es iflf`ênoes kf sud olnbusîe f d prfpdrdáîe prïvod pdrd pekfr fxfrnfr sud `uláîe. [djiïj kfvf fsnbdrfnfr quf sud prfsflád `eo sebonotdkd pfbe ndsdb f quf, dltfs kf jdos ldkd, d keubd rfspfotd es kfsfces kds pfsseds quf fbd dnejpdlhd. E nelhfnojflte prïvoe nej d `djêbod, es djoaes f d fquopf jïkond tdjiïj ï lfnfssäroe f dcukd pdrd quf fssf jejflte sfcd juote jfbher. Dpfsdr kf idstdr ujd sþ fxpfroãlnod kf pdrte dnejpdlhdke per ujd keubd pdrd jestrdr sfus iflf`ênoes, ï lfnfssärod d ko`usîe jdnoád kf sud fxostãlnod f kf sud dáîe pdrd quf tekds ds jubhfrfs pessdj eitfr es iflf`ênoes kf neltdr nej ujd keubd fj sfu prenfsse kf pdrte. Es arupes kf prfpdrdáîe pdrd jdtfrlokdkf f pdtfrlokdkf pekfj sfr uj iej buadr pdrd `dzfr nelhfnfr es iflf`ênoes, sf d keubd `er dprfsfltdkd neje ujd epáîe. Tudlke e ndsdb pfkf d prfsflád kf ujd keubd fstä dcukdlke d fquopf f d `djêbod d dnfotdrfj-ld neje pdrtf lfnfssärod ke prenfsse. Jfkodltf d fxpfroãlnod, fbfs pekfrîe nejprevdr es iflf`ênoes kf pekfr neltdr nej ujd keubd.

 

41. E korfote í prfsflád dnejpdlhdltf le pdrteke Nrostodlf Gelke

‒Vjd pdrturofltf kfvf sfr dnejpdlhdkd pfbds pfsseds fj qufj nel`od f nej qufj sf soltd í veltdkf3 sfu pdrnfore, sud jfbher djoad, ujd keubd eu ujd fl`frjford-pdrtford.‚  (EJ^, 4??0)

Juotds `erdj ds pfsquosds rfdbozdkds pdrd nejprevdr quf d prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf le pdrte prejevf ujd sïrof sïr of kf iflf`ênoes, neje3 • Kojoluoáîe ke tfjpe kf trdidbhe kf pdrte W4,9,>,;,6Z • Jfler lfnfssokdkf kf jfkondáîe W4,9,>,;,6Z • Jfler lfnfssokdkf kf dldbafsod W4,9,>,;,6Z • Jflerfs fsnerfs kf Dpadr didoxe kf 1 W4,9,>,;,6Z • Jfler lfnfssokdkf kf pdrte epfrdtþroe eu olstrujfltdb W4,9,>,;,6Z

 

• Jflerfs tdxds kf ker, pélone f fxdustîe W9,0,1Z • ^fltojflte kf nel`odlád, neltrebf f nejulondáîe W>Z • Dujflte kes êlkonfs kf djdjfltdáîe W;,6,0Z W;,6,0Z

• Jfbher `erjdáîe kf vêlnubes jîf-ifiã • Jdoer sdtos`dáîe kd jubhfr W;,6,0Z • Jfles rfbdtes kf ndlsdáe kurdltf f dpþs e pdrte W;,6,0Z Ld nfsdrodld, d prfsflád kf uj dnejpdlhdltf kurdltf d noruraod ï uj `dter ojpertdltf pdrd3 • Kojoluoáîe kd dlsofkdkf kds jîfs W8Z • Kojoluoáîe ke sfltojflte kf sebokîe W?Z • Jdoer sfltojflte kf prdzfr W?Z • JflerW?Z sfltojflte kf prfenupdáîe nej e fstdke kf sdókf ke ifiã 4=,44 44ZZ • Dpeoe de dbfotdjflte jdtfrle W?,4=, Kodltf kfssds fvokãlnods, kfskf 4?86 d Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kd ^dókf rfnejflkd d prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf olkondke pfbd 49ZZ pdrturofltf le jejflte ke pdrte.W49 ‒E ifj-fstdr kd levd jîf kfvf sfr dssfaurdke dtrdvïs ke bovrf dnfsse kf uj jfjire kd `djêbod, kf sud fsnebhd, de pdrte, ldsnojflte f kurdltf e  pfrêeke pufrpfrdb.‚  pufrpfrdb.‚  (EJ^, 4?86)

Fj 4??6 `eo bdládke e ]recfte Jdtfrlokdkf ^faurd pfbe Jolostïroe kd ^dókf fj nelculte nej e @ulke kds Ldáöfs Vlokds pdrd d Ol`élnod (VLONF@), d @fkfrdáîe Irdsobford kf Aolfnebeaod f Eistftrênod (@FIYD^AE), Eradlozdáîe ]dldjfrondld kd ^dókf (E]D^) f e @ulke kf ]epubdáîe kds Ldáöfs Vlokds (@LVD]). E precfte, quf tfj neje eicftove jfbherdr d qudbokdkf ke dtflkojflte hespotdbdr, prfnelozd uj jekfbe kf dssostãlnod de pdrte f de ldsnojflte jfles oltfrvflnoelostd f jdos hujdlozdke. Yfnejflkd eote pdsses, kfltrf fbfs3 Olnfltovdr e

 

pdrte lerjdb f hujdlozdke (pdsse >). Fssf pdsse tfj neje fstrdtïaod d prfsflád kf uj dnejpdlhdltf kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, quf pekf sfr e nejpdlhfore eu dbauïj kd `djêbod. Dbauls fstdkes irdsobfores kfnrftdrdj bfos fstdkudos adrdltolke e korfote d prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf le pdrte3 • 4??8 „ Yoe kf Cdlfore-YC (Yfsebuáîe l³ 001, kf 4??8) • 4??? „ ^îe ]dube (Bfo Fstdkudb l³ 4=.9;4, kf 4???) • 9==9 „ ^dltd Ndtdrold (Bfo Fstdkudb l³ 49.4>>, kf 9==9) • 9==; „ Fspêrote ^dlte (Bfo Fstdkudb l³ 1.0?=, kf 9==>) Kovfrses fs`eráes `erdj rfdbozdkes pdrd quf ds erofltdáöfs kd EJ^ sf trdls`erjdssfj fj Bfo @fkfrdb pdrd quf tekds ds afstdltfs pukfssfj tfr korfote des iflf`ênoes kd prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf. Fj dirob kf 9==6 `eo kfnrftdkd d Bfo 44.4=8, quf adrdltf e korfote í prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf le prï-pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte fj tekes es sfrvoáes kf sdókf irdsobfores, póibones f pdrtonubdrfs, novos f jobotdrfs.

Bfo @fkfrdb l³ 44.4=8, kf 1 kf dirob kf 9==6  Drt. 4?-C. Es sfrvoáes kf sdókf ke ^ostfjd Ólone kf ^dókf „ ^V^, kd rfkf  prþprod eu nelvflodk nelvflodkd, d, `ondj eiroadke eiroadkess d pfrjotor d prfsflád, culte í  pdrturofltf,  pdrturofl tf, kf 4 (uj) dnejpdlh dnejpdlhdltf dltf kurdltf teke e pfrêeke kf trdidbhe kf  pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte.  § 4³ E dnejpdlhd dnejpdlhdltf ltf kf quf trdtd e ndput kfstf drtoae sfrä olkondke pfbd  pdrturofltf.  pdrturofl tf.

]drd rfaubdjfltdr fssd bfo, e Jolostïroe kd ^dókf bdláeu d pertdrod quf kf`olf e tfjpe nelsokfrdke neje ‒pþs-pdrte ojfkodte‚ neje e pfrêeke kf 4= kods dpþs e pdrte. Yfaubdjflteu, tdjiïj, d neifrturd kf dnejekdáîe dkfqudkd f e `erlfnojflte kds prolnopdos rf`foáöfs pdrd e dnejpdlhdltf. F fstdifbfnfu e prdze kf 0 jfsfs pdrd dkfqudáîe kes hespotdos póibones f nelvflodkes nej e ^V^.

 

]ertdrod l³ 9.;48 ke Jolostïroe kd ^dókf, fj 9 kf kfzfjire kf 9==6 Yfaubdjfltd, fj nel`erjokdkf nej e drt. 4³ kd Bfo l³ 44.4=8, kf 1 kf dirob  kf 9==6, d prfsflád pdrd jubhfrfs fj kes trdidbhe pdrte,  pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkokf ojfkodte dtednejpdlhdltf les hespotdos póibones f nelvflodkes nelvflod nej ekf ^ostfjd Ólone kf ^dókf „ ^V^.  Drt. 4³ Yfaubdjf Yfaubdjfltdr, ltdr, fj nel`erjokd nel`erjokdkf kf nej e drt. 4³ kd Bfo l³ 44.4=8, kf 1  kf dirob kf 9==6, d prfsflád kf dnejpdlhdltf pdrd jubhfrfs fj trdidbhe kf  pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte les hespotdos póibones f nelvflodkes nelvflodkes nej e ^ostfjd Ólone kf ^dókf „ ^V^.  § 4³ ]drd f`fote kfstd ]ertdrod fltflkf-s fltflkf-sf f e pþs-pdrte ojfkodte neje e  pfrêeke quf dirdlaf 4= kods dpþs e pdrte, sdbve oltfrnerrãl oltfrnerrãlnods, nods, d nrotïroe jïkone.  § 9³ @ond duterozdkd de prfstdker kf sfrvoáes d neirdlád, kf dnerke nej ds tdifbds ke ^V^, kds kfspfsds prfvostds nej dnejpdlhdltf le trdidbhe kf  pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte, ndiflke de afster d kfvokd `erjdbozdáî `erjdbozdáîe e kfssd duterozdáîe kf neirdlád ld Duterozdáîe kf Oltfrldáîe Hespotdbdr „ DOH.  § >³ Le vdber kd koärod kf dnejpdlh dnejpdlhdltf dltf fstîe olnbuêkes d dnejekdáî dnejekdáîe e dkfqudkd f e `erlfnojflte kds prolnopdos rf`foáöfs.  Drt. 9³ Es hespotdos póibones f nelvflodkes nelvflodkes nej e ^V^ tãj prdze kf 0 (sfos) jfsfs pdrd tejdr ds prevokãlnods lfnfssärods de dtflkojflte ke kospeste lfstd ]ertdrod.  Drt. >³ Fstd ]ertdrod ]ertdrod fltrd fj voaer ld k kdtd dtd kf sud p puibondáîe. uibondáîe.

Ld ^dókf ^upbfjfltdr, d DL^ (Daãlnod Ldnoeldb kf ^dókf ^upbfjfltdr) bdláeu, fj cdlfore kf 9==8, d Yfsebuáîe Lerjdtovd l³ 401, ld qudb dtudbozeu e reb kf prenfkojfltes f fvfltes fj sdókf. Dnrfsnflteu d neifrturd ke dnejpdlhdltf olkondke pfbd jubhfr kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte ld neifrturd jêlojd eiroadtþrod kes pbdles provdkes kf dssostãlnod í sdókf.

Yfsebuáîe Lerjdtovd l³ 401 kd DL^, fj ? kf cdlfore kf 9==8 Ke ]bdle Hespotdbdr nej Eistftrênod

 Drt. 40. E ]bdle Hespotdbdr nej Eistftrênod nejprfflk nejprfflkf f tekd d neifrturd

 

kf`olokd le Drt. 46 kfstd Yfsebuáîe, dnrfsnokd kes prenfkojfltes rfbdtoves de  prï-ldtdb,, kd dssostãlnod de pdrte f pufrpïroe  prï-ldtdb pufrpïroe,, eisfrvdkd eisfrvdkdss ds sfauoltfs fxoaãlnods3 O „ neifrturd kf uj dnejpdlhdltf olkondke pfbd jubhfr kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte7

Fj cubhe kf 9=4= fltreu fj voaer d YL l³ 944, kf cdlfore kf 9=4=. Fssd rfsebuáîe suistotuo d YL l³ 401, tfltdlke fsnbdrfnfr quf d neifrturd jêlojd pdrd es ]bdles Hespotdbdrfs nej Eistftrênod neirfj d dnejekdáîe f dbojfltdáîe lfnfssärods pdrd d pfrjdlãlnod ke dnejpdlhdltf f ke `erlfnojflte kd reupd fstfrobozdkd, sf `er lfnfssärod.

Yfsebuáîe Lerjdtovd l³ 944 kd DL^, fj 44 kf cdlfore kf 9=4=  Drt. 4?. E ]bdle Hespotdbdr nej Eistftrênod nejprfflk nejprfflkf f tekd d neifrturd kf`olokd le drtoae 48 kfstd Yfsebuáîe, dnrfsnokd kes prenfkojfltes rfbdtoves de prï-ldtdb, kd dssostãlnod de pdrte f pufrpïroe, eisfrvdkds ds sfauoltfs fxoaãlnods3 O „ neifrturd kds kfspfsds, nel`erjf olkondáîe ke jïkone dssostfltf f bfaosbdáöfs voafltfs, rfbdtovds d uj dnejpdlhdltf olkondke pfbd jubhfr  kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte, nel`erjf dssfaurdke  pfbd Bfo 44.4=8, 44.4=8, kf 1 k kf f dirob kf 9 9==6, ==6, eu eutr eutrd d quf vflh vflhd d suistotuê-bd7

Eu sfcd, sf e pbdle neltrdtdke `er ]bdle Hespotdbdr nej Eistftrênod, fxostf d neifrturd kd dnejekdáîe, dbojfltdáîe f reupd fstfrobozdkd pfbe pbdle kf sdókf. Pdbf bfjirdr quf lîe kfpflkf ke tope kf qudrte neltrdtdke, sf ï Fl`frjdrod, eu Dpdrtdjflte, sf ï Tudrte Nebftove eu Tudrte ]rovdtove. [ekd jubhfr tfj korfote d uj dnejpdlhdltf kf sud bovrf fsnebhd kurdltf e prï-pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte. Fj culhe kf 9==8 d DLPO^D (Daãlnod Ldnoeldb kf Poaobélnod ^dlotärod) dprevd d YKN l³ >0, ld qudb rfaubdjfltd e `ulnoeldjflte kes ^frvoáes kf Dtfláîe Eistïtrond f Lfeldtdb.

Yfsebuáîe kd Korfterod Nebfaodkd l³ >0 kd DLPO^D,fj > kf culhe

 

kf 9==8

?. ]YENF^^E^ E]FYDNOELDO^ D^^O^[FLNODO^

?.4 E ^frvoáe kfvf pfrjotor d prfsflád kf dnejpdlhdltf kf bovrf fsnebhd kd jubhfr le dnebhojflte, trdidbhe kf pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte ojfkodte.

E kenujflte vosd fstdifbfnfr pdréjftres pdrd e `ulnoeldjflte kes ^frvoáes kf Dtfláîe Eistïtrond f Lfeldtdb f dvdbodáîe kfssfs sfrvoáes. Kospöf seirf fstruturd `êsond, prenfsses epfrdnoeldos dssostflnodos, olnbusovf seirf ioessfaurdlád f prfvfláîe f neltrebf kf ol`fnáîe, tdlte pdrd es trdidbhdkerfs qudlte pdrd d jubhfr f sfus dnejpdlhdltfs. ]drd suisokodr d fstdkod ke dnejpdlhdltf culte kd pdrturofltf les sfrvoáes póibones kf sdókf, rfnurses `oldlnfores sîe boifrdkes dludbjfltf pdrd es Fstdkes, Kostrote @fkfrdb f Julonêpoes hdiobotdkes fj Afstîe ]bfld kf ^ostfjd pdrd neiror kfspfsds kd koärod kf dnejpdlhdltf pdrd afstdltf nej pfrleotf (]ertdrod l³ 4.98= kf culhe kf 9==0). Kfstold-sf í prfstdáîe kf dnejekdáîe dkfqudkd f de `erlfnojflte kds prolnopdos rf`foáöfs ke dnejpdlhdltf. Dpfsdr kd bfo, kds pertdrods f kds rfsebuáöfs, juotes hespotdos f jdtfrlokdkfs, f provdkds, pfrjotfj f/eu d fltrdkd kf dnejpdlhdltf, póibonds eu rfstrolafj d fsnebhdlîe kd pdrturofltf, rfstrolafj e tfjpe kf pfrjdlãlnod, eu neirdj tdxds. Dbauls hespotdos dbfadj quf ds tdxds sîe pdrd d pdrdjfltdáîe, quf sîe ds vfstfs fstfrobozdkds. Jds, kf dnerke nej d DL^, ]YENEL f DLPO^D, fssd tdxd ï obfadb f d neirdlád kfssd kfspfsd kfvf sfr dtroiuêkd í epfrdkerd ke ]bdle kf ^dókf neltrdtdkd. Lfssf neltfxte, pekfjes erofltdr d afstdltf d3 Nelvfrsdr kurdltf e prï-ldtdb nej e jïkone seirf qudos hespotdos e`frfnfj jfbher dnebhojflte, neje ï sud fxpfroãlnod, neje ï sud

pfrnfpáîe seirf e dnejpdlhdltf le pdrte lerjdb f ld nfsdrodld. Ï

 

iej sdifr sf e jïkone quf vdo dssostor e pdrte tdjiïj ï difrte í prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf. [fltdr rfdbozdr ujd vosotd í jdtfrlokdkf dltfs ke pdrte, vfro`ondr ds nelkoáöfs fj quf e dnejpdlhdltf fltrd, eu lîe fltrd, qudltes dnejpdlhdltfs sîe pfrjotokes. (^f e hespotdb neirdr tdxd pdrd d fltrdkd ke dnejpdlhdltf, fbd pekf pfkor uj rfnoie pdrd rfqufrfr uj rffjiebse de pbdle kf sdókf kfpeos). Fsnebhfr nej dltfnfkãlnod uj hespotdb, jdtfrlokdkf eu ndsd kf pdrte. Ol`fbozjfltf, dolkd fstdjes sucfotds ís olfspfrdkds trdls`frãlnods per `dbtd kf vdads. Lfj sfjprf ï pessêvfb fsnebhfr3 rfstroáöfs ke jïkone, eu ke pbdle kf sdókf, eu kd bendbokdkf, eu kds vdads. F d afstdltf pekf dndidr sflke dtflkokd fj uj sfrvoáe quf lîe tfj retold kf pfrjotor d fltrdkd kf dnejpdlhdltf, eu quf ojpöf rfstroáöfs pdrd d fsnebhd (sþ pekf sf `er jubhfr, sþ pekf sf `er e pdo, sþ pekf fltrdr le pþs-pdrte ftn.). Kodltf kds nornulstélnods, tfjes quf rfdvdbodr e quf ï e jfbher kfltre ke pessêvfb. Neje keubds, kfvfjes ol`erjdr quf fxostfj `erjds kf fxoaor e nujprojflte kd bfo (notdr d bfo, jestrdr d bfo ojprfssd, nhdjdr d pebênod), jds quf osse pekf kfsflndkfdr uj fstrfssf petflnodbjfltf ardlkf luj jejflte quf kfvfrod sfr kf pdz f rfspfote. Es pre`ossoeldos kf sdókf lfj sfjprf sîe rfnfptoves í prfsflád ke dnejpdlhdltf qudlke d retold ï kf kfoxdr d jubhfr fj trdidbhe kf pdrte sezolhd. Fxoaor e nujprojflte kd bfo ld oltfrldáîe kfvf sfr kfnosîe kd afstdltf, f lþs, keubds, kfvfjes dpeodr sud kfnosîe, sfcd fbd qudb `er, f kfvfjes ‒fstdr culte‚ jfsje quf ke bdke kf `erd. ^f d bfo `er kfsnujprokd, kfvfjes erofltdr, kfpeos ke pdrte, d pessoiobokdkf kf kflulnodr de Jolostïroe ]óibone @fkfrdb (pekf sfr vod www.dlvosd.aev.ir) f, sf e sotf3  www.par.jp`.aev.ir),  www.par.jp`.aev.ir), í DLPO^D (  www.dlvosd.aev.ir) dtflkojflte `er prfstdke pfbe pbdle kf sdókf, kflulnodr tdjiïj ld DL^ ( www.dls.aev.ir).  www.dls.aev.ir ). Dssoj, jubhfrfs pessdj tfr sfus korfotespekfrfjes rfspfotdkes.tfltdr adrdltor quf eutrds

 

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  EYADLOSDÁÎE JVLKODB KF ^DÓKF. Jdtfrlokdkf ^faurd, dssostãlnod de pdrte lerjdb3 uj auod prätone. Aflfird, 4??0. C. Qhesf ol thf bdieur reej5 DJokwo`fry kosnussoel4>, e` 9. KYD]FY, thf olnrfdsola trflk wfb`drf e` `dthfrs‟ iorth dttflkdlnf. 4>9-4>83 4??1. >.  AVLAEY, O.7 IFCO, L. G. F``fnts e` @dthfrs‟ Dttflkdlnf te Bdier dlk Kfbovfry el thf Fxpfroflnf e` Nhobkiorth ol [urgfy. Qfstfrl Ceurldb e` Lursola Yfsfdrnh, veb 9?7 Jdrnh, 9==1. ;.  LDGDLE, D. J. ^.7 ^OBPD, B. D.7 IFBFSD, D. N. ^.7 ^[F@DLFBBE, C.7 AEJF^, @. D. E supertf kurdltf e prenfsse kf pdrturoáîe3 d vosîe ke dnejpdlhdltf.  Dntd ]dub Fl`frj 9=(9)3 4>4-1, 9==1. 6.  ^[EY[O, C. ]. B. E pdpfb ke dnejpdlhdltf le trdidbhe kf  pdrte f pdrte3 fxpfntdtovds f vovãlnods ke ndsdb . Kossfrtdáîe (Jfstrdke fj Fl`frjdafj fj ^dókf ]óibond) „ Kfpdrtdjflte kf Fl`frjdafj Jdtfrle Ol`dltob f ^dókf ]óibond, Vlovfrsokdkf kf ^îe ]dube, Yoiforîe ]rfte, 9==;. 0.  SHDLA, C.7 IFYLD^GE, C. Q.7 BF_IEPONH, F.7 @DH^, J.7 HD[NH, J. N. Neltolueus bdier suppert `rej bdier dttflkdlt `er projopdreus wejdl3 D jftd-dldbysos. Eistftrons & Aylfnebea v. 88, l. ; (9), 4??0. 1.  IYÒAAFJDLL, E. J.7 ]DY]OLFBBO, J. D.7 E^O^, J. C. K. Fvokãlnods seirf e supertf kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte/pdrte3 ujd rfvosîe kd botfrdturd. Ndkfrles kf ^dókf ]óibond, 94 (6)3 4>40-4>91, Yoe kf Cdlfore, 9==6. 8. JDYV[ & JFYNFY, Nejpdrosel e` projopdrds‟ pfrnfptoels e` vdaoldb dlk nfsdrfdl iorths. Lursola Yfsfdrnh, 4?1?. ?.  @OAVFOYFKE, I., NE^[D, Y., ]DNHFNE, D. Fxpfroãlnod kf ]drte3 Dbauls `dnterfs f nelsfquãlnods dssenodkds.  Dläbosf ]sonebþaond, 93 9=>-9413 9==9.

4=.  FYBDLK^^EL,

G.7

K^OBLD,

D.7

@DAFYIFYA,

O.7

 

NHYO^[FL^^EL, G. ^gol-te-sgol ndrf woth thf `dthfr d`tf nfsdrfdl iorth dlk ots f``fnt el lfwierl nryola dlk prf`ffkola ifhdvoer. Iorth 9==17 >; (9)3 4=6-44;. 44. AOVABODLO, F. Y. C. Djdjfltdáîe Fxnbusovd. Ol3 NDYPDBHE, J. Y.7 [DJFS Y. L.  Djdjfltdáîe3  Idsfs Nofltê`onds. Yoe kf Cdlfore3 Audldidrd Geeadl, 9==6. 49. QEYBK HFDB[H EYADLOSD[OEL Dpreprodtf tfnhelebeay `e iorth. Bdlnft, 9;3 ;>0-;>1, 4?86.

 

48. Dbojfltdáîe f ]drte Dld Buosd Enhs kf Juôez Yesd

D Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kd ^dókf (EJ^) prfnelozd e dpertf ndbþrone f hokrdtdáîe dtrdvïs kf bêquokes f sþbokes bfvfs kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, sflke quf fstf nuokdke `dz pdrtf, tdjiïj, kf ujd dssostãlnod hujdlozdkd, peos vosd adrdltor í jubhfr sud olkovokudbokdkf. E cfcuj le trdidbhe kf pdrte `eo ujd kds retolds ojpestds pfbd jfkondbozdáîe kfvoke í prfenupdáîe nej d irelnedspordáîe ke neltfóke aästrone, ndse uj prenfkojflte kf fjfraãlnod sfcd lfnfssäroe. Jds fstukes dpeltdj quf e rosne kf dspordáîe ï rfdb sejfltf fj ndse kf dlfstfsod afrdb, e quf lîe dneltfnf ld epfrdáîe nfsärfd. Neje pre`ossoeldos kd sdókf kd jubhfr, ï juote ojpertdltf `ondrjes dtfltds ís lfnfssokdkfs dbojfltdrfs kd pdrturofltf. De nelträroe ke quf juotes jïkones prfadj, d jubhfr fj trdidbhe kf pdrte prfnosd sf dbojfltdr pdrd tfr `eráds pdrd pdssdr per fstf prenfsse. Pdjes vosudbozdr e quf dneltfnf kurdltf e cfcuj kd pdrturofltf.

 

Ï kf nelhfnojflte afrdb quf kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte „ [] d pdrturofltf adstd juotds ndberods, jfsje lîe sf sdiflke de nfrte qudltds. Tudlke e trdidbhe kf pdrte ï prebeladke f e suprojflte kf abonesf ï fsndsse, d abonelfeaãlfsf  (quf ï ujd retd jftdiþbond rfdbozdkd sei nelkoáîe kf cfcuj prebeladke, pfbd qudb ï prekuzokd d abonesf lfnfssärod de eradlosje) pekf sfr olsu`onofltf. Lfstd projford `dsf ke pdrte d nelnfltrdáîe kf änokes ardxes bovrfs f nftelds nerperdos dujfltd, kfsflndkfdlke jdoer jeiobozdáîe kf eutres suistrdtes quf lîe d abonesf, olkuzolke e eradlosje d jftdiebozdr aerkurd pdrd afrdr flfraod. Ld dssostãlnod nbässond de trdidbhe kf pdrte ï retold rfstrolaor d lutroáîe erdb f dkjolostrdr `buokes oltrdvfleses pdrd prfvflor eu trdtdr kd kfsokrdtdáîe, kd nftesf (quf ï uj prenfsse tþxone le qudb e eradlosje usd es kfpþsotes kf aerkurd neje `eltf flfraïtond ld `dbtd kf ndrieokrdtes) f kd `dbtd kf idbdlnfdjflte fbftrebêtone. ]erïj e use retolfore kf `buoke flkevflese pekf prevendr f`fotes dkvfrses pdrd e ifj-fstdr jdtfrle, neje seirfndrad kf `buokes, kfsnel`erte `êsone f rfstroáîe kf jevojfltes. Le rfnïj-ldsnoke pekf prevendr hopeldtrfjod (quf ï qudlke d qudltokdkf kf sþkoe le sdlauf ï juote idoxd, pekflke ndusdr fkfjd nfrfirdb f preibfjds lfurebþaones, fj ndses ardvfs) f qudkres kf vdrodáîe abonãjond (hopfrabonfjod/hopeabonfjod). Dtudbjfltf, f luj kf dtflkojflte hujdlozdke, pdrd kf ds afstdltfs kf idoxe rosneneltfxte sf rfnejflkd olafror pfquflds qudltokdkfs bêquokes neje äaud, sune, nhäs, osetûlones ftn. kurdltf d `dsf dtovd ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, nel`erjf `er tebfrdke. Le bovre ke Jolostïroe kd ^dókf seirf  Dierte, ]drte f ]ufrpïroe olkondsf quf3 ‒Ld `dsf bdtfltf ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, ds afstdltfs kf idoxe rosne pdrd nfsärfd kfvfrîe sfr erofltdkds d olafror dpflds dbojfltes bfvfs.‚ F neltolud3 ‒Ld jfkokd fj quf enerrf d dprexojdáîe kd `dsf dtovd ke trdidbhe kf pdrte, tekes es dbojfltes sþbokes kfvfj sfr suspflses, sflke pfrjotokd, pdrd ds afstdltfs kf idoxe rosne, d olafstîe kf

pfquflds qudltokdkfs kf bêquokes nbdres (äaud, sune kf `rutds sfj

 

pebpd, nhä, nd`ï, rf`roafrdltf)‚. Fltîe, vdjes pfbd bþaond. D jubhfr, kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, tfj uj adste flfraïtone dbtêssoje. Lfstf prenfsse `osoebþaone fstîe flvebvokds ds `eráds ke ótfre quf fjpurrdj e ifiã, olnbuolke dqufbds quf kfvfj supfrdr d rfsostãlnod e`frfnokd pfbd nïrvonf, pdrd quf enerrd d kobdtdáîe. D osse sf sejd e dtrote oltfrle quf dneltfnf kurdltf d pdssdafj ke ifiã. Tudlte jdos tfjpe d jubhfr pdssdr fj [], jdoer sfrä sfu adste kf flfraod. ^f d pdrturofltf `ondr fj cfcuj per juote tfjpe, lîe tfrä `eráds pdrd es puxes, lîe pekflke `dzfr ujd ied  pfr`erjdlnf.  Nelsfqufltfjfltf, e pdrte kfjerdrä jdos, pekflke rfsubtdr fj oltfrvfláöfs kfslfnfssärods eu, dtï jfsje, fj ujd nfsdrodld.

Dbojfltes f ifiokds quf pekfj sfr e`frfnokes

 

Dbojfltes

 

Ifiokds • ^epds (ndbkolhe) • @rutds `dtodkds eu fj purãs • ]urãs kf idtdtds, diþierd, nfleurd • ]îe kf `erjd lerjdb eu terrdke • Iosneotes kenfs f sdbadkes sojpbfs • Iebes sojpbfs • Nfrfdos sfj dáóndr • Idrrds kf nfrfdos • Joladu kf djoke kf jobhe • Afbdtold • ^dnhãs kf jfb

• Äaud sfj aäs (afbe) • Nhäs kf frvds (ndlfbd, aflaoirf) • ^unes kf `rutds (sfj pebpd) • Osetûlones

Es dbojfltes dnojd notdkes vîe e`frfnfr flfraod räpokd de nerpe, `dzflke nej quf d pdrturofltf sf soltd `ertf pdrd pressfauor le pdrte. D Ldturfzd ï säiod3 qudlke d jubhfr sfltor quf lîe tebfrd jdos dbojfltes orä lfaä-bes. Dbaujds jubhfrfs nhfadj d vejotdr f d tfr kodrrfod pfrte ke ldsnojflte, pdrd ldkd dtrdpdbhdr ld herd kf `dzfr `erád! Vjd pfsquosd rfdbozdkd (YEKYOAVFS, 9=4=) kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte fj jdtfrlokdkfs quf prdtondvdj e cfcuj tetdb neje retold kfjelstreu quf lîe heuvf qudbqufr jfbherod le prenfsse. Dbïj kosse, sf leteu quf d prätond dnrfsnflteu adstes f rfkuzou d sdtos`dáîe kd jîf

f, per nelsfquãlnod, kojoluou d qudbokdkf kd vovãlnod ke ldsnojflte.

 

Eutrd pfsquosd (^OLAD[D, 9=4=), `fotd nej jubhfrfs kurdltf teke e prenfsse kf pdrte, nelnbuou quf jdltfr ujd dbojfltdáîe bfvf kurdltf e [] ojpfkf quf sf kfsflvebvd nftesf, quf ï tþxond pdrd e nerpe, pekflke ndusdr preibfjds pdrd e eradlosje kd jîf f ke ifiã. Lîe kfvfjes fsqufnfr d hokrdtdáîe kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte, quf ï tîe ojpertdltf qudlte d dbojfltdáîe. D jubhfr quf e fstovfr tebfrdlke kfvf olafror bêquokes bfvfs. Ifiokds nej aäs eu juote änokds tdbvfz lîe sfcdj dpreprodkds, ndusdlke kfsnel`erte f läusfds, pertdlte, kfvfj sfr fvotdkds. ]fkrolhds kf afbe pekfj sfr ujd ied epáîe lfstd herd, kfnrfsnflke (hokrdtdlke) f jdtdlke d sfkf. Vjd neosd quf aestdrod kf sdbofltdr ï quf tfjes quf fstdr dtfltds nej juotds pdrturofltfs quf, per `dbtd kf nelhfnojflte, sf lfadj d nejfr, tfltdlke fvotdr pessêvfos Dbaujdskurdltf pdrturofltfs tãj vfraelhd kf sf dbojfltdr f nerrfrfjidrdáes. e rosne kf kf`fndr e fs`eráe ld herd ke pfrêeke fxpubsove. Eutrds lîe qufrfj nerrfr e rosne kf sf suijftfr d ujd pessêvfb bdvdafj oltfstoldb, kfsnel`ertävfb f kfsnelnfrtdltf. Kfvfjes fxpbondr quf ï lerjdb enerrfr d fbojoldáîe kf `fzfs kurdltf e pfrêeke fxpubsove, jds quf lîe ï rfard f quf lîe hä rdzîe pdrd sf flvfraelhdr f kfoxdr kf sf dbojfltdr. Ï `ulkdjfltdb quf sf d jubhfr fstovfr nej `ejf fbd olaord dbae, dssoj teke e pdrte sfauorä nej jdos kospesoáîe f trdlquobokdkf. D dssostãlnod de trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte kf jdlford hujdlozdkd fstä dvdládlke ndkd vfz jdos. Jds dolkd ï prfenupdltf neje juotds jîfs f ifiãs sîe trdtdkes kurdltf uj fvflte olfsqufnêvfb neje e ldsnojflte. D dtfláîe hujdlozdkd f es korfnoeldjfltes olkovokudbozdkes vîe dbïj ke `êsone, olnbuolke es dspfntes psonebþaones f senodos, f vosdj epertulozdr í `djêbod sud pbfld pdrtonopdáîe. D qudbokdkf ke dtflkojflte í pdrturofltf, sei tekes es dspfntes, kfskf d nhfadkd í jdtfrlokdkf f kurdltf tekd d fvebuáîe ke trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte, ï kf `ulkdjfltdb ojpertélnod pdrd e sunfsse le kfs`fnhe ke pdrte f ldsnojflte.

 

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4.  Jdadlhd f Jfbe N.Y., ]frdáebo C.N. Jflsurdáîe kd flfraod kfspflkokd le cfcuj f le dpertf ndbþrone (jfb) fj pdrturofltfs. Yfv Bdtole-Dj Fl`frjdafj, cub./dae. 9==17 46(;). 9.  Jdrêd [frfsd Vrrutod ^., Nrostodl Didrnd N., Yexdld Dstukobbe ^., ^obvdld Bbfvdlfrds J., Ldtdbod Tuoread [. Dbojfltdnoþl kurdltf fb trdidce kf pdrte. µfs lfnfsdroe fb dyule5 Yfv Nho  Eistft Aolfneb , 9==67 1= (6)3 9?0->=9. >. Jolostïroe kd ^dókf. ^fnrftdrod kf ]ebêtonds ]óibonds kf ^dókf. Ärfd tïnlond kf sdókf kd jubhfr. ]drte, dierte f pufrpïroe3 Dssostãlnod hujdlozdkd í jubhfr. Irdsêbod3 Jolostïroe kd ^dókf3 9==4. (4) ;9-;>.   IFAA^, C.D., Fkun. ^[D[OEL, J.N. ;. Ceurldb ]froldt  9==9. 44 (4)3Fdt, 4-4>.krolg dlk if bdierola. 6. ^nruttel JC, Jftndb`f A.D., Bewy N., ^ffk ].[., E‟^ubbovdl A. Fdtola ol bdieur.  D rdlkejosfk neltrebbfk trodb dssfssola thf rosgs dlk iflf`ots. Dlfsthfsod. 4???7 6;3>9?->>;. 0.  Jdrod O. Yekroaufz. Fdtola kurola Bdier.  Jdksndpf ei/ ayl, 9=4=. Kospelêvfb fj3 2http3//www.jfksndpf.nej 2http3//www.jfksndpf.nej=.

 

4?. Nuokdkes nej e Yfnïj-Ldsnoke

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

‒[ekd herd ï herd kf vovfr le kfsd`oe, f d teke olstdltf, pertdlte, rflevdjes lesse nejprejosse nej e vovfr.‚ ‒]rfnosdjes kf uj leve pelte kf pdrtokd, f osse lîe pekf sfr flneltrdke sfj d fsnebhd kf uj leve soalo`ondke.  D jflsdafj sþ fstä vovd qudlke nrod uj leve soalo`ondke.‚

 

[rulapd Yolpenhf

Ld dtfláîe ojfkodtd de rfnïj-ldsnoke ï prfnose nejprfflkfr quf d ardlkf jdoerod lfnfssotd sejfltf kf vods dïrfds bovrfs f ndber dkfqudke pdrd supertdr es projfores jolutes, le olênoe kf sud dkdptdáîe í vokd fxtrdutfrold. Beae fj sfauokd dpþs e ldsnojflte kfvf sfr nebendke culte í jîf. Dquo nejfád lessd sdad kfltre kd vosîe kf uj pdrte hujdlozdke, fxprfssîe quf trdkuz d okfod kf rfterle ís lessds rdêzfs, kfpeos kf jobãloes kf oltfr`frãlnods nubturdos. Fj sfu bovre ‒Ldsnfr ^errolke‚ @rfkfrong Bfieyfr kfsnrfvfu kovfrsds jfkokds kfstoldkds d jolojozdr ldsnoke3 ‒e nhequf kd projford fxpfroãlnod kf sfpdrdáîe ke rfnïj• e use kf ujd sdbd kf pdrte eu uj qudrte le kejonêboe quf fstfcd í jfod buz7 • nbdjpfdjflte tdrkoe ke nerkîe ujiobondb7 • jdssdafj sudvf f • idlhe jerle pdrd e ifiã. [djiïj, pekfjes dnrfsnfltdr d fstfs otfls3 uj djiofltf sobflnoese, sf heuvfr prf`frãlnod, jósond hdrjeloesd. D dtfláîe de ifiã kfvf sf sfjprf kdkd nej fxtrfjd kfbondkfzd f rfspfote pfbd vokd hujdld lfstf jejflte kf ardlkf `rdaobokdkf f, pertdlte, kf jdoer lfnfssokdkf kf dnelnhfae.‚ 

]drd fstdifbfnfr d pfrjfdiobokdkf kds vods dïrfds sf kfvf prenfkfr í dspordáîe ldse`drêlafd, dpfsdr kf quf, qudlke sdukävfos, es rfnïjldsnokes lîe prfnosdj kf dspordáîe. D rfnejflkdáîe kf quf tekes es rfnïj-ldsnokes sfcdj jdltokes dqufnokes ojfkodtdjfltf dpþs e ldsnojflte idsfod-sf fj uj nelculte kf fvokãlnods seirf d `osoebeaod tïrjond kes dlojdos f sfrfs hujdles

rfnïj-ldsnokes. Fj djiofltf `roe fbfs jdltãj d tfjpfrdturd nerperdb í

 

nustd kf uj dujflte ke adste flfraïtone. Es ifiãs kfvfj sfr sfndkes beae, fj fspfnodb d ndifád kfvf fstdr flxutd, f fltrfaufs ís suds jîfs pretfaokes per uj neifrter. Beae fj sfauokd, kfvf sfr fstojubdkd d djdjfltdáîe. ^dif-sf quf d prekuáîe ke bfotf nejfád kf `erjd jdos diulkdltf d pdrtor ke tfrnfore kod pþs-pdrte, jds e neltdte ojfkodte ke ifiã nej e sfoe jdtfrle rf`erád e vêlnube jîf-`obhe f sfrvf neje pelte kf dpeoe pdrd d fxpfroãlnod kd djdjfltdáîe f sud neltoluokdkf de belae kes jfsfs quf sf sfauorîe. Tudlke e pdrte `er le kejonêboe d jîf pekf `ondr nej sfu ifiã le nebe f djdjfltdlke kurdltf e tfrnfore pfrêeke ke pdrte (kfquotdáîe kd pbdnfltd), e quf fstojubd d boifrdáîe kf enotenold f `dnobotd d kfsnokd kd pbdnfltd pfbd neltrdáîe utfrold. E `dte kf sf fltrfadr e ifiã ojfkodtdjfltf pdrd es irdáes kf sud jîf, dbïj kes nejpelfltfs `osoebþaones quf ldturdbjfltf sîe boifrdkes, nelstotuo, tdjiïj, uj dte kf rfspfote de iolûjoe jîf-`obhe quf, ldqufbf jejflte, fstä se`rflke uj prenfsse kf pre`ulkd trdls`erjdáîe. Fj olnuidáîe, ld vovãlnod kf afstdr, fstdvdj fbfs oltojdjfltf ulokes fj uj jfsje nerpe, nejpdrtobhdlke es jostïroes kd jdtïrod `erjdkerd kd vokd. F, fltîe, vfj e trdidbhe kf pdrte, d kobdtdáîe f d fxpubsîe. ^þ kfpeos kf teke fstf ndjolhe le olvosêvfb jîf f `obhe pekfj sf vfr, sf rfnelhfnfr, sf flvebvfr fj ndrolhes f fj ebhdrfs. ^uibojfs olstdltfs quf jfrfnfj lesse jdoer rfspfote. Kf elkf tekes lþs vofjes f vovfjes. Ld hostþrod kd eistftrênod flneltrdjes es jetoves quf suistotuêrdj e pdrte ldturdb fj pdrte per nfsdrodld, terldlke e ldturdb fj neosd rdrd. E quf kfvfrod sfr fstdtostondjfltf jêlole, tejeu ds preperáöfs ke quf kfvfrod sfr ldturdb. Fstf tfjd pekf sfr dnfssdke le sotf  www.eladjoadskepdrte.nej,, per osse lîe vdjes nejfltdr fstds  www.eladjoadskepdrte.nej qufstöfs dquo, f soj rf`erádr d ojpertélnod kf kfsflvebvfrjes ujd nelsnoãlnod eisfrvdltf kes prenfsses ldturdos f butdr per fbfs. Butdr

pfbd `erjdbozdáîe kf uj leve f, de jfsje tfjpe, dltoae jeke kf

 

ldsnfr. Nelsokfrdlke ds nelkoáöfs ke YL beae de ldsnojflte, pekfjes kozfr quf3 sf fstä rfspordlke ifj eu nherdlke, tfj iej tûlus jusnubdr7 sf fstä resdke, d afstdáîe `eo d tfrje. D nelkutd kf retold prfvostd pfbd Dndkfjod Djfrondld kf ]fkodtrod ï3 dqufnojflte, kfseistruáîe kds vods dïrfds, sfndafj f fltrfad í jîf. Dtrdvïs ke snerf kf Dpadr sf pekf qudlto`ondr d rfspestd ke YL í vokd fxtrdutfrold. D dvdbodáîe ï `fotd le 4³ jolute f le 6³ jolute kf vokd. Vj vdber kf = d 9 pdrd ndkd otfj eisfrvdke (`rfquãlnod ndrkêdnd, `rfquãlnod rfspordtþrod, tûlus jusnubdr, orrotdiobokdkf rf`bfxd, ner). E pdsse sfauoltf ï e projfore fxdjf ke rfnïj-ldsnoke3 kfvf sfr nuokdkese f afltob, d `oj kf fvotdr trdujds `êsones, f olnbuo es prolnêpoes kf3 • olspfáîe, pdbpdáîe f dusnubtd kf ndkd sostfjd ke nerpe, • jfkokds dltrepejïtronds (pfrêjftre nf`äbone, pfrêjftre teränone, nejprojflte, pfse), • dvdbodáîe kd okdkf afstdnoeldb (YL d tfrje, prï-tfrje, pþstfrje) • tfstf kes rf`bfxes lfurebþaones. F, kf leve, vfstoke f qufltolhe, rfterld des irdáes kf sud jîf. Jejfltes kf ãxtdsf f rfpeuse dpþs d oltflsokdkf ke dneltfnojflte! ]relte pdrd d cerldkd3 d djdjfltdáîe ï e dprflkozdke olonodb. Ï prfnose juotd ndbjd f ndrolhe ld sotudáîe kf duxobodr d jîf f sfu ifiã lfstd levd ftdpd, ld qudb e quf ojpfrd ï e kfsnelhfnoke. Neje pelte kf rf`frãlnod tfjes e olstolte votdb kf lutror f djdjfltdr, pfbe bdke jdtfrle, f kf iusndr lutroáîe, pfbe bdke ke ifiã. Nel`odr le olstolte soalo`ond kdr sfaurdlád f dpeoe lfstd herd, fj uj djiofltf trdlquobe, sobflnoese, kf dnelnhfae. Djdjfltdr ï kfoxdr e julke kes `flûjfles f fltrdr fj uj julke elkf e sdardke sf jdlo`fstd. Tudlte jdos d jîf sf fltrfad, jdos

nejprfflkf. Fltrftdlte prfnosd kf dcukd pdrd fstdr bovrf nej sfu ifiã

 

f prekuzor e nhdjdke ‒herjûloe ke djer‚ „ d enotenold (quf kfsflndkfod e trdidbhe kf pdrte f tdjiïj fstä prfsfltf ld fcfáîe kf bfotf pdrd e olênoe kd djdjfltdáîe). D fxpfroãlnod kf sdêkd `erd ke fspdáe-tfjpe lfnfssotd kf nelkoáöfs dkfqudkds. Vse dquo ujd fxprfssîe kd `êsond jekfrld, tdjiïj kfsnrotd per Jornfd Fbodkf (hosterodker hóladre kf rfboaoöfs nejpdrdkds, 4?=1-4?80), qudlke kosnerrf seirf es fstdkes kf nelsnoãlnod quf dnejpdlhdj ds olonodáöfs rfboaoesds. E olonodke ï dqufbf quf dtrdvïs kf sud fxpfroãlnod ojfkodtd diebf e tfjpe pre`dle, tfjpe kd ‒vokd kf kftdbhfs‚, f dnfssd e tfjpe sdardke fj quf pdssdke, prfsfltf f `uture sf oltfrpflftrdj. Djdjfltdr ï tdjiïj ujd olonodáîe. Nejprfflkokd kfstd `erjd, d jubhfr lutroz vovf uj fstdke kf kfsnebdjflte tdlte ke fspdáe de rfker qudlte ke tfjpe prfsfltf f sf kfoxd bfvdr, culte nej dqufbf pfqufle sfr fj sfu nebe, d uj tfjpe pdrdkosêdne. Ï d vovãlnod drquftêpond kfsflndkfdkd d pdrtor kf uj fstêjube olstoltove. E quf sf iusnd ï uj djiofltf jdtfrldb quf, per kf`oloáîe ï uj djiofltf djerese, le qudb jîf f ifiã sf soltdj djpdrdkes f dnebhokes fj suds lfnfssokdkfs iäsonds. Le neltfxte dnojd notdke, les rf`frojes í ardvokfz d tfrje (fltrf >8 d ;9 sfjdlds, eu 90= d 9?; kods), uj trdidbhe kf pdrte sfj nejpbondáöfs f e ldsnojflte ldturdb kf uj rfnïj-ldsnoke sdukävfb. Dprexojdkdjfltf 4=% kes ifiãs lfnfssotdj kf dtflkojflte pdrd olonodr d rfspordáîe, f 4% orä lfnfssotdr kf jdleirds darfssovds pdrd seirfvovfr. Fj qudbqufr ldsnojflte hespotdbdr e pfkodtrd lfeldtdb kfvfrä fstdr prfpdrdke pdrd d rfdlojdáîe, ndse sfcd lfnfssärod. Fxostfj `dterfs kf rosne dltfldtdb f le pdrte quf kfvfj sfr eisfrvdkes pdrd quf sf pessd tfr d nelkutd dkfqudkd. E eicftove prolnopdb kd rfdlojdáîe ï adrdltor de YL ujd qudltokdkf su`onofltf kf exoaãloe pdrd supror e eradlosje, fj fspfnodb e ^LN (sostfjd lfrvese nfltrdb), e nerdáîe f eutres þraîes votdos, per jfoe kd vfltobdáîe drto`onodb dtï quf e YL sf rfnupfrf f nelsoad jdltfr nej suds prþprods `eráds d `uláîe

rfspordtþrod.

 

Kfpeos ke dtflkojflte ld sdbd kf pdrte e YL ï bfvdke pdrd ds retolds ke ifráäroe f, sf tuke fstä ifj, vdo pdrd e qudrte culte d sud jîf le sostfjd kf dbecdjflte nelculte. E dbecdjflte nelculte ï uj sostfjd fspfnodb kf olstdbdáîe fj jdtfrlokdkfs fj quf e YL sdkoe pfrjdlfnf de bdke kf sud jîf 9; herds per kod, kfskf e ldsnojflte dtï d dbtd hespotdbdr. E dbecdjflte nelculte cä fxostod fj juotds jdtfrlokdkfs le `oldb ke sïnube XOX. Le Irdsob, sud ojpbdltdáîe olonoeu-sf d pdrtor kes dles, 1= qudlke es YL lerjdos d tfrje pdssdrdj d `ondr fj nejpdlhod kf suds jîfs beae dpþs e ldsnojflte. E dbecdjflte nelculte suraou d pdrtor kd lfnfssokdkf kf nrodr, eu jfbher, kfvebvfr e rfbdnoeldjflte êltoje fltrf d jîf f e YL kfskf es projfores jejfltes dpþs e pdrte. Dtudbjfltf, e Jolostïroe kd ^dókf, d ^enofkdkf Irdsobford kf ]fkodtrod f d jdoerod kes pfkodtrds dnhdj-sf fladcdkes ld butd pdrd d dkeáîe ke dbecdjflte nelculte lds jdtfrlokdkfs irdsobfords, rfsfrvdlke-sf es ifráäroes pdrd e dtflkojflte kes YL kf rosne. Fj ndse kf nfsdrodld, e YL sfrä bfvdke pdrd pfrte kd jîf fltrf 9 d 0 herds dpþs e pdrte, rfspfotdlke-sf ds nelkoáöfs jdtfrlds.

 

9=. Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle Jdrosd Boboäl Krfxbfr

E bfotf jdtfrle ï e dbojflte dpreprodke pdrd es ifiãs les projfores jfsfs kf vokd, tdlte ke pelte kf vostd lutrotove f ojulebþaone neje kdqufbf psonebþaone. Dbïj kf `dverfnfr e vêlnube, e dte kf djdjfltdr ï ujd vovãlnod pesotovd pdrd d jîf f dndrrftd iflf`ênoes `êsones f psonebþaones pdrd fbd tdjiïj. ]drd nejpbftdr, e bfotf jdtfrle pessuo ojpertdltfs vdltdafls fnelûjonds f fnebþaonds.

Dbauls kes iflf`ênoes pdrd e ifiã3 • Lutroáîe þtojd7 • @dverfnojflte ke kfsflvebvojflte oltfbfntudb f dauádjflte kd ndpdnokdkf vosudb7 • ]retfáîe kd sdókf7 • Fstojubdáîe kf uj dkfqudke kfsflvebvojflte jdxobe`dnodb f

prfvfláîe kds närofs7

 

• ]rejeáîe ke dpfae fjenoeldb fltrf jîf f `obhe.

Dbauls kes iflf`ênoes pdrd d jîf3 • Jfbherd kd sdókf kd jubhfr7 • Dujflte ke oltfrvdbe fltrf ds ardvokfzfs. ar dvokfzfs. D Eradlozdáîe Julkodb kf ^dókf, d VLONF@ f kostoltds olstotuoáöfs kfkondkds de dbfotdjflte rfnejflkdj quf tekds ds nrodláds nr odláds rfnfidj e dbfotdjflte fxnbusove d pdrtor ke ldsnojflte f kurdltf es projfores 0 jfsfs kf vokd. Fbds tdjiïj olnfltovdj pdrd quf e dbfotdjflte jdtfrle sfcd neltoludke culte nej d dkjolostrdáîe kf dbojfltes nejpbfjfltdrfs dkfqudkes dtï es 9 dles kf vokd f dtï pestfroerjfltf, kfvoke d sfus jóbtopbes iflf`ênoes pdrd e ifiã f pdrd d jîf. Dpfsdr ke dbfotdjflte jdtfrle sfr d `erjd ldturdb kf dbojfltdr e rfnïj-ldsnoke f bdntfltf, le julke jekfrle fxostfj väroes `dterfs quf oltfr`frfj nej fstd prätond. Fltrf fstfs fstîe d prepdadlkd kds prekuterds kf `þrjubds ol`dltos quf `dzfj pdrfnfr fssfs prekutes neje sfjfbhdltfs de bfotf jdtfrle7 d `dbtd kf nel`odlád kds jîfs fj sud ndpdnokdkf kf prekuzor bfotf, rf`erádkd pfbd afrdáîe dltfroer quf prdtoneu e dbfotdjflte drto`onodb7 nelnfotes frrdkes seirf d ojpessoiobokdkf kf trdidbhdr f djdjfltdr de jfsje tfjpe7 f d `dbtd kf nelhfnojfltes kd fquopf kf sdókf, quf jdltïj rfnejflkdáöfs f prätonds quf prfcukondj e fstdifbfnojflte ke dbfotdjflte (vfr3 ‒Nþje `dverfnfr uld BJ fxotesd‚, kd Krd. Pfrþlond Pdbkïs). D keubd pekf neltroiuor pdrd olonodr f jdltfr ujd djdjfltdáîe ifjsunfkokd, jfkodltf d ol`erjdáîe, dbauls nelsfbhes dpreprodkes f dcukdlke pdrd quf e djiofltf `djobodr nejprfflkd d ojpertélnod kf sfu dpeoe í lutroz.

Olênoe ke Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle

D ol`erjdáîe kurdltf d prfpdrdáîe prï ldtdb ï juote ojpertdltf pdrd uj iej nejfáe f ujd djdjfltdáîe prebeladkd. ^f d jubhfr `er pdror

 

dnejpdlhdkd kf ujd keubd, e okfdb ï quf fstd bhf e`frfád d ol`erjdáîe lfnfssärod. Dbïj kosse, d keubd dcukdrä, jfkodltf d fsnutd, e nelsfbhe f e dpeoe pdrd quf d jubhfr sf nelfntf nej sfu olstolte f tflhd d nel`odlád kf quf prfnosd pdrd fl`rfltdr fstf kfsd`oe tdjiïj. E jfbher ï nejfádr nej d djdjfltdáîe e jdos nfke pessêvfb kfpeos ke pdrte, prf`frovfbjfltf kfltre kd projford herd kf vokd ke ifiã. Dbauls ifiãs pfadj räpokd f voaeresdjfltf e pfote, suadlke flfraondjfltf kurdltf väroes jolutes. Eutres, de olvïs, bdjifj e ione, sdierfodj ujds aetds kf nebestre f kfjerdj uj tfjpe pdrd nejfádr d jdjdr. Ndkd ifiã ï ólone, dssoj neje ndkd jîf. ]er osse, ï ojpertdltf quf fbd tdjiïj tejf sfu tfjpe pdrd sf nejulondr nej e ifiã. D keubdolfspfrdkds kfvf rf`erádr pdrd quf d jîf lîe sf kfsdlojf kodltf kds rfdáöfs ke oste ifiã.

Dbauls nelsfbhes quf d keubd kfvf e`frfnfr3 • ^îe fbfjfltes `ulkdjfltdos pdrd e nuokdke kes iones3 dr, buiro`ondáîe (nej e prþproe bfotf ke pfote eu nej nrfjf kf ndbãlkubd), äaud f seb. • Ds pretfêlds ke nebestre neltãj ardlkfs qudltokdkfs kf dltonerpes quf kf`flkfj e ifiã kf juotds fl`frjokdkfs. Dkfjdos, e nebestre tfj uj f`fote bdxdltf f dcukd d fbojoldr e jfnûloe. Nel`erjf e ifiã `er suadlke, d qudltokdkf kf nebestre dujfltd f vdo sf terldlke ardkudbjfltf jdos irdlne f fspfsse dtï nelvfrtfr-sf fj bfotf. • Ï ojpertdltf `rosdr quf e ifiã kfvf jdjdr sei bovrf kfjdlkd  (d `rfquãlnod f e tfjpe kf ndkd jdjdkd ï e ifiã qufj es kfnokf) f quf d prekuáîe kf bfotf ï rfaubdkd pfbd sunáîe ke ifiã. Lîe sf kfvf kdr í nrodlád lflhuj dbojflte eu ifiokd quf lîe sfcd e bfotf jdtfrle, lfj nhupftds eu jdjdkfords.

E dbfotdjflte jdtfrle pekf sfr jdltoke dpþs rfterle de trdidbhe, sþ prfnosd ke kfsfce kf sfauor djdjfltdlke,

 

eradlozdáîe f dpeoe. D keubd nej `erjdáîe fj Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle pekfrä trdlsjotor d tïnlond kf fxtrdáîe jdludb ([ïnlond kf Jdrjft) f d jdlford nerrftd kf drjdzfldjflte f nelsfrvdáîe ke bfotf jdtfrle pdrd neltroiuor nej d neltoludáîe kd djdjfltdáîe dpþs d bonflád jdtfrlokdkf.

[ïnlond nerrftd kf djdjfltdáîe Ï ojpertdltf quf d keubd nelhfád d tïnlond nerrftd pdrd pekfr trdlsjoto-bd ís jubhfrfs quf dnejpdlhd. Fstds prfnosdj sdifr qudlke e ifiã tfj ied pfad de pfote pdrd fvotdr rdnhdkurds le ione, prekuáîe kf`onofltf kf bfotf, flauraotdáîe jdjärod, ifiã olsdtos`fote (jdjd kfjdos), ifiã `rustrdke (sf lfad d jdjdr) f jä dbojfltdáîe ke ifiã (lîe seif kf pfse). Nebendáîe kd nrodlád de pfote3

D jîf kfvf sfltdr-sf f sf pesonoeldr nel`ertdvfbjfltf fj dbaujds

kfstds pesturds3

^fltdkd trdkonoeldb eu kf idrroad nej idrroad  D  D ndifád ke ifiã

`ond le élaube ke netevfbe, d jîe kd jîf sfaurd e ifiã per träs nej e irdáe quf sfrvf kf dpeoe.

 

^fltdkd trdlsvfrsdb nruzdkd  ]drd preibfjds kf pfad (prfjdtures, ^êlkrejf kf Kewl).

^fltdkd olvfrsd eu idrroad nej nestfbds Okfdb pdrd aãjfes, pfrjotf dbovodr iones kebereses f fsvdzodr eutrds pdrtfs kd jdjd.

 

Kfotdkd  ]drd kfsndlsdr sfjprf quf sf pekf, fj fspfnodb dpþs ds nfsärfds. Fstds ko`frfltfs pesoáöfs sfrvfj pdrd fsvdzodr ko`frfltfs sfterfs kds jdjds f pdrd dbovodr iones keberokes, cä quf, fj afrdb, elkf dpeltd d aflaovd supfroer ke ifiã ï elkf sf fstä fsvdzodlke jfbher d abélkubd f elkf dpdrfnfj ds rdnhdkurds. De e`frfnfr e pfote de ifiã kfvf-sf pfaä-be nej d jîe fj `erjd kf ‒N‚ pdrd, fltîe, fstojubdr e bäioe ol`froer ke ifiã nej e ione ke pfote iusndlke quf fbf dird ifj d iend f fltîe sf dprexojd rdpokdjfltf ke pfote. Lîe sf kfvf fjpurrdr d ndifád pfbd lund, cä quf e ifiã pekfrod olstoltovdjfltf rfsostor, rfcfotdlke e pfote, nej fxnfáîe `fotd pdrd e ndse fj quf e ifiã sfcd prfjdture f/eu tflhd ko`onubkdkfs pdrd jdjdr.

 

E rfsubtdke `oldb kfvf sfr neje e kd `oaurd, e ifiã diendlhdlke d jdoer pdrtf kd durïebd nej d iend.

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds 4. Fb drtf `fjflole kf djdjdltdr. Boad kf bd Bfnhf Oltfrldnoeldb.

 

94. Pêlnube Jîf-Ifiã Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore Kfltre ke pfr`ujf vdjes3 ]fr`ujf kd leotf, ]fr`ujf kd rud, Cdrkoj kf pfr`ujf, ]fr`ujf kf ndsd, ]fr`ujf kf jdlse, Kfltre ke pfr`ujf vdjes ... Jertdos jds ftfrles sejes3 Ftfrles ld dbjd, Ftfrles fj aeste, Fj jostïroes ftfrles, Ftfrles seleres, Ftfrles, ftfrles, Jertdos f ftfrles cä sejes.

Nfnêbod Jforfbfs

[uke e quf ï vovflnodke kurdltf d afstdáîe f e pdrte nelstotuo ftdpds prfpdrdtþrods pdrd e rfnfiojflte kf ujd levd vokd. E olstdltf ke ldsnojflte ke ifiã ï tdjiïj e ldsnojflte kd jîf, uj ï olsfpdrävfb

ke eutre. D kfbondkfzd kfssd fxpfroãlnod flabeid es keos pfrseldafls kd hostþrod. Ldsnf uj leve sfr f ldsnf ujd levd jîf pdrd kdr

 

dnebhojflte d fssf sfr. Ojpertdltf ï tfr nelsnoãlnod kfstf `dte qudlke sf pflsd e vêlnube jîf-`obhe. Le bovre Noflto`ondáîe ke Djer, kf Jonhfb Ekflt, fbf koz quf ‒e vêlnube jîf-ifiã ojpbond, pdrdnelsokfrdlke e ifiã, ld ndpdnokdkf kf okflto`ondr Fxostfj väroes fstukes ds pfrnfpáöfs sflserodossud ke jîf‚. `fte f YL, perïj sfj nelnbusöfs kf`olotovds dolkd. ^dif-sf quf e eb`dte ke YL kfsfjpflhd ujd `uláîe le rfnelhfnojflte kf sud jîf kfskf e pdrte f sfrä e sfltoke quf jfbher vdo nelkuzê-be de jdjobe pdrd olonodr d djdjfltdáîe. D dukoáîe ï prfsfltf kfskf e pfrêeke `ftdb. Fstukes lfstf ndjpe eisfrvdrdj quf YLs prf`frfj euvor ujd hostþrod eu ujd jósond nej d vez kf sud jîf ke quf nej d vez kf eutrd pfssed qudbqufr. ‒]drfnf quf es sfltokes ke pdbdkdr, eb`dte f dukoáîe tãj uj pdpfb ojpertdltf pdrd e ifiã ld okflto`ondáîe kf sud jîf dltfs f dpþs e pdrte. Dolkd ï ko`ênob dvdbodr d ojpertélnod rfbdtovd kds ko`frfltfs pfrnfpáöfs sflserodos f suds ol`buãlnods le rfnelhfnojflte f volnubdáîe‚ (JONHFB EKFL[, pda. 00, Noflto`ondáîe ke Djer). Dpþs d puibondáîe, fj 4?1>, kd Fsndbd Nejpertdjfltdb ke YL, kf Irdzfbtel, `eo lfnfssäroe rfnelnfotudr e olênoe ke kfsflvebvojflte fjenoeldb de fxdjoldr ds ndpdnokdkfs ke YL. ^fj kóvokd, sud `uláîe projerkodb ï d oltfrdáîe pdos-ifiã f, fspfnodbjfltf, jîf-ifiã. E YL oltfrdaf nej es dkubtes quf e nfrndj f es ol`buflnod qudsf tdlte qudlte ï ol`buflnodke per fbfs. Ndkd ifiã tfj sfu rotje prþproe f ujd jîf sflsêvfb rfaubd sfu nejpertdjflte kf `erjd quf sf hdrjelozf nej e rotje kf sfu `obhe, jeko`ond suds dáöfs pdrd sf dcustdr ís kfbf. Nrod uj nþkoae kf nejulondáîe eroaoldb, ujd vez afltob, bfvfjfltf jdos daukd quf e lerjdb, jevojfltes jdos bfltes, jdos kfbondkes f sobflnoeses, dkfqudkes d ndkd sotudáîe, nel`erjf d lfnfssokdkf ke ifiã. Dssoj vdo sf fstdifbfnflke uj kufte, uj nejpdsse solnrelozdke fltrf fbfs. Hejfestdsod fjenoeldb   soalo`ond d hdrjelozdáîe quf enerrf fltrf jîf f `obhe. Kf uj bdke, hä e nuokdke nej quf d jîf, `dzflke use kf

sud oltuoáîe, pfrjotf quf suds oltfrvfláöfs sfcdj sfauokds pfbe `obhe7 per eutre, fstä d jdlford nej quf d nrodlád jeko`ond ardkudbjfltf sfu

 

rotje, dcustdlke-e de kd jîf. D rfbdáîe fltrd, dssoj, dss oj, fj fquobêiroe. Lfstf ioerrotje, d jîf kfvf fstdr dtfltd pdrd e fxnfsse kf fstêjubes vosudos, dukotoves f jeterfs des qudos sîe suijftokes es YLs. Fbf ï tîe prfcukonodb qudlte dkf `dbtd kf ffstêjubes, sflke djies `eltfs kf strfss f ndusd kf kostórioes sele dbojfltdáîe. E kfsflvebvojflte kes fstäaoes d`ftoves f nealotoves ke ifiã vdo kfpflkfr idsondjfltf kes fstêjubes rfnfiokes f kd rfdáîe dkfqudkd ke djiofltf. ^dif-sf quf e ifiã lîe sþ fstä suijftoke ís ol`buãlnods kf sfus pdos, jds, oaudbjfltf, afrd jeko`ondáöfs le nejpertdjflte kfbfs f, per teke uj nelculte kf soldos kf nejulondáîe quf bhfs koroaf, dtud `ertfjfltf ld qudbokdkf f qudltokdkf kf nuokdkes quf rfnfif. ]drd fssds soldbozdáöfs e ifiã utobozd es ndldos ke ebhdr, kd vez f ke neltdte `êsone fj tekds ds epertulokdkfs quf d jîf bhf kä, de nebenä-be le nebe, djdjfltä-be eu f`ftudr sud hoaoflf. E nelhfnojflte kf quf es YLs pessufj ujd flerjf vdrofkdkf kf hdiobokdkfs `dz nej quf es pdos sf kfkoqufj jdos fj oltfrdaor nej e ifiã kfskf e projfore kod kf vokd, e quf neltroiuo pdrd uj jfbher kfsflvebvojflte lfurepsonejeter. Ï ojpertdltf rfnebhfr, ld ïpend ke prï-ldtdb, kdkes seirf d sotudáîe senoefnelûjond kes pdos, e `ulnoeldjflte kd rfbdáîe nelcuadb, e kfsfce kf flardvokdr, ds fxpfroãlnods nej `obhes dltfroerfs, d djdjfltdáîe kfbfs, d rfbdáîe kd afstdltf-pdrturofltf nej sud jîf f sud prþprod djdjfltdáîe, kf tdb jdlford quf pessdj sfr okflto`ondkds sotudáöfs kf rosne fjenoeldb f kf rfbdnoeldjflte, neje jîfs dkebfsnfltfs, dusãlnod kf `oaurd pdtfrld, kreadkoáîe, ko`onubkdkfs kf vêlnubes, preibfjds `djobodrfs, ko`onubkdkfs ld djdjfltdáîe eu hostþrods suafstovds kf kfprfssîe dltfroer. Ds ko`onubkdkfs ld qudbokdkf kd oltfrdáîe jîf-ifiã pekfj sfr okflto`ondkds lds dbtfrdáöfs nejpertdjfltdos ke YL. Kfstd `erjd, es kostórioes psonebþaones kd kupbd jîf-ifiã pekfrîe sfr trdtdkes prfnenfjfltf. pr fnenfjfltf. Ds trostfzds pþs-pdrte (ibufs) ndusdkds pfbe ldsnojflte kf uj ifiã

ko`frfltf ke okfdbozdke, d sdukdkf kd idrroad arävokd, ds sflsdáöfs kf fsvdzodjflte, d `dbtd kd dtfláîe rfnfiokd flqudlte afstdltf, ds

 

sflsdáöfs kf kfsvdbod, ds kfsnel`odláds qudlte í sud ndpdnokdkf kf dbojfltdr, kf nuokdr eu kf okflto`ondr kefláds le sfu YL pekfj enerrfr le pufrpïroe f sîe `osoebþaonds. ^îe ndusds nejuls kf dlsofkdkf lfstf pfrêeke ds kóvokds seirf d djdjfltdáîe, es tdius nubturdos f ds nrflkonfs, afrdbjfltf rfbdnoeldkds nej e dbfotdjflte. D olsfaurdlád, d `dbtd kf dpeoe `djobodr f e fxnfsse kf epoloöfs kovfrafltfs sîe eutrds ndusds `rfqufltfs kf strfss. Lfstf pfrêeke ds jubhfrfs vovfj uj tfrnfore rote kf pdssdafj. E projfore dneltfnf kurdltf d afstdáîe, e sfaulke le trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. Ndkd uj kfbfs nej suds pfnubodrokdkfs. Le pufrpïroe, d jubhfr lîe sf rfnelhfnf neje dqufbd quf frd dltfroer í ardvokfz, tdjiïj lîe ï jdos ujd afstdltf f, per óbtoje, lîe sdif le quf tekd d fxpfroãlnod vdo trdls`erjä-bd nej e pdssdr ke tfjpe. [ekds fstds qufstöfs pekfj sfr jfbher trdidbhdkds ld jfkokd fj quf d jîf-puïrpfrd tflhd nelsnoãlnod kfstf prenfsse psêquone ldturdb quf dnejpdlhd e rfterle ardkudb ke jftdiebosje `osoebþaone. Jdos oltflse les projfores ;= kods f sf fxtflkf per fj terle kes projfores 0 jfsfs dpþs e pdrte. ]erïj, neje kossf Cula, les projfores 9 dles kd vokd kf uj ifiã, flqudlte dolkd lîe fstä `erjdke e nejpbfxe ke fae, fbf lîe sf rfnelhfnf neje uj sfr sfpdrdke kd jîf. Lfstf fspdáe kf tfjpe e vêlnube jîf-`obhe, voste neje ardkudáöfs kf oltflsokdkf d`ftove-fjenoeldb, kfsfjpflhd sud `uláîe dabutoldkerd f lutrokerd kf vokd v okd pdrd djies. Fbunokdr fstfs tþpones nej es pdos, prolnopdbjfltf nej d jîf (quf fstä flvebvokd korftdjfltf), pdrd quf fbd pessd vfridbozdr suds kóvokds f dlaóstods, lujd dtjes`frd rfnfptovd nej tfjpe kospelêvfb pdrd euvor, ï e quf sf kfvf tfr fj jfltf. Dssoj neje teke trdidbhe nej e YL fxoaf kfkondáîe f tfjpe, tdjiïj e jfsje ï lfnfssäroe pdrd quf d jîf nejprfflkd f sf kfsflvebvd fj uj nrfsnojflte nelculte nej e ke ifiã, lujd boadáîe olstoltovd f drquftêpond fj quf jîf f `obhe nejpöfj ujd tetdbokdkf olsfpdrävfb.

Yf`frãlnods Ioiboearä`onds

 

4. EKFL[, Jonhfb. D Noflto`ondáîe ke Djer. ^dltd Ndtdrold3 ^dolt Afrjdol, 9==9. 9.  LDKFY, ^obvdld ^dbadke7 ]FYFOYD, Kflosf Lfvfs.  Dtfláîe Oltfardb de Yfnïj-Ldsnoke.  Auod kf ^upfrvosîe kf ^dókf. ]erte Dbfarf3 Drtjfk, 9==;. >. JFOYFBF^, Nfnêbod. ]efsods Nejpbftds. Yoe kf Cdlfore3 Levd @reltford, 9==4.

 

99. E ]þs-]drte Ojfkodte

 

Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore

E [de afrd.  D Pokd dbojfltd. E djiofltf jebkd.  Ds ol`buãlnods dpfr`foáedj. ]er osse, tekes es sfrfs helrdj e [de f dprfnodj d Pokd. E [de ï helrdke, d Pokd ï fstojdkd, ^fj fstêjube fxtfrle, kf jeke oltfordjfltf fspeltélfe. ]ertdlte, e [de afrd, d Pokd dbojfltd, `dz nrfsnfr, nuokd, dpfr`foáed, nelsfrvd,  Diroad f pretfaf.

[de-[f Gola, Bde [sf

E pfrêeke quf vdo ke ldsnojflte ke ifiã dtï ds projfords 9; herds kf vokd pekf sfr nhdjdke kf pþs-pdrte ojfkodte. D pdrturofltf kfvf sfr eisfrvdkd nelstdltfjfltf kurdltf d projford herd dpþs e pdrte. pdr te. E ótfre `rfqufltfjfltf pdbpdke per värods herds kfpeos kd sdêkd kd pbdnfltd, pdrd sf nfrto`ondr kf quf e `ulke pfrjdlfnf `orjf f quf d qudltokdkf kf sdlardjflte vdaoldb lîe ï fxnfssovd. D qudltokdkf kf pfrkd ï vdroävfb, jds lîe kfvf sfr jdoer quf >==jb fj 9; herds. Beae quf pessêvfb ï dnelsfbhävfb ndjolhdr, or de idlhfore, tejdr idlhe, fspfnodbjfltf qudlke tovfr soke uj pdrte lerjdb. Les pdrtes per nfsdrodld, dssoj quf d jubhfr `er boifrdkd pdrd e qudrte f tovfr nelkoáöfs kf `ondr fj pï, kfvf-sf eisfrvdr d ndpdnokdkf olkovokudb kf ndkd ujd. Tudlke e pdrte ï hespotdbdr f lerjdb d dbtd hespotdbdr `ond fj terle kf 9; d ;8 herds, f per nfsdrodld e tfjpe vdrod kf ;8 d 19 herds, kfpflkflke kds

nelkoáöfs jdtfrlds. Es nuokdkes kurdltf d projford sfjdld dpþs e pdrte aordj fj terle

 

ke fstêjube kds dtovokdkfs lerjdos, perïj sfj fs`eráes fxnfssoves, peos ï prfnose tdjiïj rfpeusdr. D rfaoîe pfrolfdb prfnosd kf hoaoflf trãs vfzfs de kod f sfr bdvdkd d ndkd jonáîe. Idlhes kf dssflte nej frvds nondtrozdltfs f dlto-ol`bdjdtþrods, neje nel`rfo f ndjejobd, sîe dnelsfbhävfos. Lds rfaoöfs Lertf f Lerkfstf, ardáds des nestujfs pepubdrfs, pekfjes tfr dnfsse d juotds eutrds frvds jfkonoldos usdkds pfbds jubhfrfs puïrpfrds. E olênoe kes fxfrnênoes pdrd e rf`eráe kd jusnubdturd dikejoldb pekf enerrfr ;8 herds dpþs e pdrte, nej fxfrnênoes rfspordtþroes. De olspordr, nebendr e dikûjfl pdrd `erd, fjpurrdlke e jósnube kod`rdajd pdrd idoxe, fxpdlkolke ifj e pubjîe. Ld fxpordáîe, nej d iend fltrfdifrtd, sebtdr e dr kfvdadr de jfsje tfjpe fj quf vdo neltrdolke e dikûjfl dtï e idoxe vfltrf. Esld jevojfltes kf olspordáîe f fxpordáîe kfvfj sfr bfltes, prolnopdbjfltf fxpordáîe kfvf-sf jdltfr d pesturd per dbauls sfaulkes, sustfltdlke, dssoj, d neltrdáîe dikejoldb. E fxfrnênoe nejpbfte olnbuo d neltrdáîe kd rfaoîe pfrolfdb. @fotes fj sïrofs kf > sfquãlnods nejfádlke nej 4= jevojfltes, kuds vfzfs de kod. Nej e pdssdr kds sfjdlds, nel`erjf d nelkoáîe kf ndkd jubhfr, vîe sflke oltrekuzokes es fxfrnênoes pdrd rfnupfrdáîe kf tekd fstruturd jusnubefsqufbïtond,e quf kfvf sfr `fote nej uj pre`ossoeldb qudbo`ondke. Dpþs qudtre sfjdlds ke pdrte e projfore pfrêeke ke pufrpïroe tfrjold. Lfstd ïpend, ï jdrndkd ujd rfvosîe eistïtrond. Fj bolhds afrdos, e pufrpïroe flabeid uj pfrêeke kf dprexojdkdjfltf 0 jfsfs, tfjpe quf e eradlosje jdtfrle prfnosd pdrd rfterldr de fstdke dltfroer í afstdáîe, tdlte ke pelte kf vostd `êsone qudlte psêquone. Ld vfrkdkf, e prenfsse psêquone pekf kfjerdr uj peune jdos, nhfadlke dtï 49 jfsfs kfpeos ke pdrte. Nelvfrsdlke nej jubhfrfs, pekf-sf eisfrvdr quf qudlke sfus ifiãs nejpbftdj e projfore dle kf vokd fbds fstîe nejfádlke d sf sfltor fjpekfrdkds, oste ï, cä fstîe jdos nel`odltfs fj sud ndpdnokdkf kf nuokdr f lutror, f d fxpfroãlnod kd

jdtfrlokdkf sf dprfsfltd neje ujd durd keurdkd fj suds vokds. Kd jfsjd `erjd quf ld ardvokfz lesse nerpe `eo sf trdls`erjdlke

 

pdrd dnebhfr f lutror d levd vokd, le pufrpïroe teke jftdiebosje sf rfnebhf, sf flxuad kd fxpdlsîe, f e vebujf kf bêquokes ke eradlosje kojoluo dtï vebtdr de lerjdb. D jubhfr kfoxd kf sfr afstdltf f pdssd d sfr lutroz. Ï le pufrpïroe quf nejfádjes d dprflkfr e quf ï sfr jîf, f d projford dubd ï d djdjfltdáîe. Ds ko`onubkdkfs lfstd ftdpd sîe jdoerfs qudlke sf trdtd kf ujd projoafstd, peos tuke ï leve f e tfrrfle ï kfsnelhfnoke. D jubhfr tfrä kf fxpberä-be fj tekd sud djpbotukf. [îe bolke ï uj ifiã, ï tuke quf selhdjes... tekds lessds dáöfs pdrd rfnfiã-be!

]erïj... e trdidbhe ärkue f ololtfrrupte kes projfores jfsfs, d olstdiobokdkf fjenoeldb, d `rdaobokdkf eraélond ke pþs-pdrte f e `dte kf lîe sfrjes jdos e nfltre kds dtfláöfs kds lessds rf`frãlnods d`ftovds prþxojds „ peos daerd e `ene ï e ifiã, f fbf fxoaf 9; herds kf nuokdkes tekes es kods „, juotds vfzfs dnoeld e bdke sejiroe ke jdtfrle, kf jeke quf e flndltdjflte quf ï e ldsnojflte f e dnebhojflte kf uj `obhe `ondj, ke pelte kf vostd psêquone, fj sfaulke pbdle. E pufrpïroe dndrrftd e sdnro`ênoe ke fae, qufr kozfr, ï ujd fxpfroãlnod quf eiroad d jubhfr d sf kfsprfflkfr kf suds lfnfssokdkfs pfssedos fj iflf`ênoe kds lfnfssokdkfs ke `obhe. Fj tfrjes psonebþaones, ï ujd ardlkf olonodáîe. Jfraubhd-sf le fspdáe kd hfrdlád `djobodr `fjolold f pekf-sf or jdos belaf, dpre`ulkdlke-sf dtï d jdlo`fstdáîe drquftêpond kd jdtfrlokdkf. Fssf dpre`ulkdjflte fxoaf uj kospãlkoe kf flfraod psêquond f `êsond fj kftrojflte ke dspfnte jdos presdone kd vokd. Ï prfnose d tetdbokdkf. E quf fstä fj dte lfstf tfjpe kd vokd `fjolold lîe ï ujd qufstîe kf uj qufrfr ke fae, f soj ujd kfjdlkd oltfroer quf tfj vez kf nejdlke seirf tekd fxpfroãlnod. Lîe tfjes fsnebhd, eu sfauojes e `buxe eu les kfidtfjes neje qufj lîe sdif ldkdr... D jubhfr le pufrpïroe ldsnf neje jîf. Fbd prfnosd dnfssdr uj pdssdke dlnfstrdb f

tfj quf kfoxdr pdrd träs e fstdke psêquone jdos ojdture kd prïafstdáîe.

 

Fstd ï d rdzîe quf kftfrjold d lfnfssokdkf kf supertf d`ftove f fjenoeldb fj tekes es lêvfos. Nel`erjf d pdrtonubdrokdkf kf ndkd jubhfr, fbd prfnosd kd dtfláîe nuokdkesd kf tekes es flvebvokes3 pdo ke ifiã, sud jîf, orjîs, djoads ftn. Fstf ï e jdos ojpertdltf rfnurse quf sf kfvf e`frfnfr í jubhfr puïrpfrd. ^ejfltf dssoj fbd tfj nelkoáöfs kf supfrdr fstd `dsf kf trdlsoáîe kd vokd, quf pekfjes sojiebozdr neje ujd pdssdafj buldr, ujd fxpfroãlnod ke drndle 48 ke tdrû quf rfprfsfltd d Bud. ]drd obustrdr fstd ojdafj, rftrdte dquo e tfxte ke bovre ‒E [drû Jotebþaone‚, kf Cuboft ^hdrjdl-Iurgf f Boz Arfflf, Fkoterd ^onobodle, 94 fk.,4?88, p. 163 ‒D ndrtd kd Bud les jestrd ujd jostfroesd `oaurd `fjolold nej trãs ndifáds, flnojdkd per uj kodkfjd kd bud fj suds trãs `dsfs. ^fus ndifbes tãj uj tej  prdtfdke f suds vfstfs sîe irdlnds, tfrjoldlke lujd pfqufld peád kf äaud d sfus pïs. Í sud `rfltf, uj nîe kf trãs ndifáds fstä voaobdltf, flqudlte kds  pre`ulkfzds  pre`ulkf zds ke pfqufle rodnhe suraf uj ndrdlaufc ndrdlaufce. e. Dträs kf so, uj nïu fsnure obujoldke dpflds pfbd buz kf sud nered.  Ds trãs `dnfs kf Hïndtf, dssoj neje ds trfs `dnfs kds Jeords, rf`bftfj ds olfvotävfos jukdláds kd vokd. Hïndtf ï dnejpdlhdkd per Nïrifre, e nîe kf trãs ndifáds audrkoîe kes pertöfs ke ol`frle, sfu dlojdb kf fstojdáîe. Fbd ï ujd kds `oaurds jotebþaonds jdos dltoads, prfsokolke es rotes jäaones, es ldsnojfltes, ldsnojflte s, ds jertfs, ds trfvds f e kfstole. Irdlne f prdtd sîe ds nerfs kds vfstfs kf Hïndtf f kf sfus ndifbes, quf fstîe oltojdjfltf dssenodkes í bud. Dnrfkotd-sf quf d bud neltolhd tekds ds nerfs fj fstdke ldsnfltf. E ndrdlaufce ï uj dlojdb quf lîe pfrtflnf lfj de rfole kds äauds lfj de rfole kd tfrrd, hdiotdlke sfjprf fltrf es keos. Dssoj ï d rfprfsfltdáîe ke julke kes selhes „ quf suraf kds pre`ulkfzds kfsnelhfnokds ke sfr „ quf sf oltrekuz le netokodle ld `erjd kf ojdafls f sfltojfltes `ertfs quf lîe nelsfauojes lfj oalerdr lfj neltfr.  D ndrtd kd bud bud olkond uj p pfrêeke frêeke kf nnel`usîe, el`usîe, kf `b`butudáöfs utudáöfs f ol olnfrtfzds. nfrtfzds. ... d fspfrd kf uj rfldsnojflte kfltre kds äauds kf uj ótfre jdoer.‚ 

E pþs-pdrte ojfkodte jdrnd e olênoe kf uj tfjpe kf pdssdafj, ujd pertd fstrfotd3 e pufrpïroe. Ndjolhe sfj vebtd, d pdrtor kf ujd fsnebhd

 

quf d jubhfr `fz kf `erjd nelsnofltf eu lîe, jds quf kftfrjold kf jdlford kf`olotovd sfu kfstole. Ld sfquãlnod kes kods, bfltdjfltf, tuke vdo sf trdls`erjdlke f es pdsses nbdukondltfs ndkd jdossf`orjfs. D bdáes flfraod flkeaéjond f olstoltovd,terldj-sf quf `dz nej quf vfz d `djêbod uld pfbes ke pdrfltfsne, vdo nujprolke sfu pdpfb, nej d jubhfr, daerd jîf, le nfltre kfstf jdlkdbd `djobodr. Ï prfnose nel`odr quf le suitfrrélfe kd fxpfroãlnod, le fltrfbdádr kds fjeáöfs f d`ftes fstä sflke nelstruêke uj ndjolhe. Vsdlke uj fxfjpbe kd sdifkerod erofltdb pdrd obustrdr e tfjd dierkdke, Yogyu, ardlkf jfstrf cdpelãs ke ndjolhe ke nhä, kfnbdreu fj nfrtd endsoîe3 ‒D drtf ke ndjolhe ke nhä nelsostf dpflds fj `frvfr d äaud, prfpdrdr e nhä f ifiã-be.‚ Tuf `änob pdrfnf, quf sojpbfs! F, le fltdlte, juote peunes sîe es quf kfsneirfj neje vovfr d vokd, neje boifrtdr-sf kd tordlod kds neosds, neje fltrfadr-sf nejpbftdjfltf d dbae f sfr diservoke lfssf sfu d`dzfr‚.

 

Nelnbusîe

 

Keubds le Irdsob

 

Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford

Dssoj neje le rfste ke julke, tdjiïj le Irdsob sfjprf heuvf keubds. ^obflnoesdjfltf, dquo f dnebä, lds nokdkfs ardlkfs neje lds pfquflds, hdvod jubhfrfs pdrd duxobodr eutrds jubhfrfs le pdrte ldturdb, fxpfrofltfs e su`onofltf pdrd dpeodr, erofltdr f dcukdr. Tudlke e pdrte ldturdb lîe frd pessêvfb, d keubd djpdrdvd fjenoeldbjfltf d pdrturofltf pdrd fl`rfltdr d nfsärfd. Le Irdsob, fssds `oaurds frdj olvosêvfos, fxnfte pdrd ds iflf`onoärods kf sfus sfrvoáes sfr voáes f suds `djêbods. Fj nelnerkélnod nej e fspêrote jdtfrldb sud `uláîe, keubds jdltolhdj ujd nejpesturd kosnrftd. D kf prejeáîe kf fssds sfu trdidbhe dneltfnod kf iend fj iend f d pdbdvrd jdrgftola  eu neltrdte kf trdidbhe frd-bhfs, nej tekd preidiobokdkf, tetdbjfltf kfsnelhfnokd f lfj sfqufr nejioldrod nej sfu `fotoe psonebþaone. Fj 9==9, perïj, ujd elkd djfrondld pflftreu ds nestds irdsobfords. Oltfrnéjioes fltrf dbauls pre`ossoeldos irdsobfores f rfprfsfltdltfs kf eradlozdáöfs kf keubds les FVD (fj pdrtonubdr d KELD), rfsubteu fj dbodláds f pdrnfrods kf oltfrfssf nejuj. Nej e oltuote kf prejevfr d hujdlozdáîe ke pdrte, dndieu-sf per ojpertdr ujd levd `oaurd kf keubd, daerd ujd pre`ossoeldb neje qudbqufr eutrd, quf tfj ujd `erjdáîe fspfnê`ond f sf prejevf le jfrndke. D levd afrdáîe kf keubds kfsflvebvfu-sf dbjfcdlke d f`onoãlnod fjprfflkfkerd djfrondld. Ke jekfbe djfrondle hfrkeu tdjiïj e ebhe pdrd d pre`ossîe neje uj lfaþnoe quf kfvf sfr dnejpdlhdke kf puibonokdkf f nuce sunfsse kfvf sfr jfkoke, le `oldb kds neltds f dpþs ds `fstds f es kosnurses, fj tfrjes jelftäroes. Ko`frfltfjfltf ke Irdsob, perïj, es Fstdkes Vlokes pessufj ujd pepubdáîe nej uj lêvfb

fnelûjone f kf olstruáîe supfroer de irdsobfore. Lîe sþ, sud nejulokdkf kf nelsujokerfs ï juote jdos dtfltd, nrêtond f dtovd ke quf

 

d irdsobford. Ds jubhfrfs les FVD tãj jdoer boifrkdkf kf fxprfssîe f kf dáîe. Fbds adlhdj jdos, sdifj jdos f pessovfbjfltf fsnebhfj jfbher. Fj sujd, es neltfxtes senodb f nubturdb sîe olnejpdrävfos. D osse lîe hdvodj dtfltdke es ojpertdkerfs ke jekfbe djfrondle. E rfsubtdke `eo quf e jekfbe kf keubd dkdpteu-sf kfsflaeládkdjfltf í rfdbokdkf irdsobford, sfj juotd rf`bfxîe f nej juotd prfssd pdrd daor. Neje nejdlkd d nubturd ojfkodtostd, tuke hä kf sfr räpoke f `änob, ternflke-sf pdrd quf sfcd tdjiïj f`ftove. ]ertdlte, sf uj nurse kd KELD les FVD tfj d kurdáîe nejpbftd kf jfsfs, fltrf wergsheps f fstäaoes, es irdsobfores kurdj > kods f fjotfj nfrto`ondkes. Flqudlte les FVD hä värods eradlozdáöfs kf keubds f arupes jflerfs f olójfrds keubds `rff bdlnf, e`frfnflke, dssoj, ujd djpbd vdrofkdkf kfkdfsnebhd fltrf dtototukfs, `erjdáöfs le Irdsob ds keubds levd afrdáîe sf kovokfj fj kuds feudierkdafls, le jäxoje trãs ardlkfs bolhds. F, juote `rfqufltfjfltf, es nejpertdjfltes f ds pesturds sîe pdkrelozdkes. ]ekfjes kozfr, dssoj, quf d keubd ï, le Irdsob, ujd `uláîe fj vod kf kfsflvebvojflte, quf fstä fj iusnd kf sfu reste irdsobfore. Ndifj dbaujds pfraultds pdrd jfbher nelstruor d hostþrod kd keubd le Irdsob. Les pfraultdjes, per fxfjpbe, sf e jekfbe pre`ossoeldb djfrondle ï e jdos dpreprodke pdrd nel`oaurdr d pre`ossîe kd keubd. ^f ds keubds irdsobfords lîe hdvfrodj kf nrodr sud prþprod kojflsîe eroaoldb f olojotävfb. Neltolud difrte e kfsd`oe kf neje bokdr nej jubhfrfs fj pdrte luj neltfxte kf kosnrojoldáîe kf aãlfre f kf custoád prfnärod neje e irdsobfore. Ï bfaêtoje olkdadr, pertdlte, seirf qudb kfvfrod sfr d nelsnoãlnod kf aãlfre kd keubd f qudb sfu pdpfb pfkdaþaone ld prejeáîe kf ujd jdoer boifrtdáîe `fjolold. D jfsjd pfraultd vdbf le pbdle psonebþaone, qudlke eisfrvdjes quf e pdrte okfdb kd keubd pekf lîe sfr e pdrte quf sud nbofltf pekf f qufr tfr. Kostolauor-sf kd eutrd jubhfr f neltroiuor pdrd sfu pretdaelosje ï `rfqufltfjfltf uj kfsd`oe

quf peunds keubds sdifj fl`rfltdr. ]fraultdjes-les, fl`oj, d jfkokd kf sfrofkdkf f djeresokdkf quf `dzfj d rfnfotd kd keubd ‒nfrtd‚ pdrd

 

ndkd kftfrjoldkd jubhfr. Fltrf fssfs kfsd`oes dvdládj ds levds pre`ossoeldos ke pdrte. ^fu lójfre nrfsnf, fxoaolke ujd dierkdafj sïrod per pdrtf kf tekes. Fspfrdjes tfr neltroiuêke, nejDfstf Auod, rf`bfxîe f d pre`ossoeldbozdáîe kds keubds. keáurd kfpdrd sudprejevfr `uláîe, ddjdtfrldafj kd jîf quf fbds fxfrnfj hîe kf sotudr-sf, d lesse vfr, neltrd e pdle kf `ulke kd nelsnoãlnod kf sud pesoáîe ld trdlsoáîe fltrf pdrdkoajds eistïtrones f kf aãlfre f luj neltfxte senodb „ e bdtole-djfrondle „ quf fstä kfspfrtdlke pdrd d nokdkdlod.

 

Dpãlkonf

 

Keubds ld Drafltold

 

Jdrosd Krfxbfr

Dpfsdr kf sfr uj `dte quf sfjprf heuvf jubhfrfs nej fxpfroãlnod quf dnejpdlhdrdj eutrds le prenfsse kf afstdr, pdror f nrodr, nej e nerrfr ke tfjpe fstd `uláîe sf pre`ossoeldbozeu, pdssdlke d sfr kfsfjpflhdkd lîe sþ per jubhfrfs quf pdssdrdj pfbd fxpfroãlnod kd jdtfrlokdkf, neje tdjiïj per dqufbds f dtï per dbauls hejfls nej d sflsoiobokdkf f es nelhfnojfltes lfnfssäroes. [rdkonoeldbjfltf, fstfs nelhfnojfltes seirf d afstdáîe, pdrte f pufrpïroe sf trdlsjotodj jîfs pdrdFbfs `obhds jubhfrfs jfsjd `djêbod f kd jfsjdkf nejulokdkf. lîeeu sf fltrf rf`frfj sejfltfkdí `osoebeaod neje ís lfnfssokdkfs fjenoeldos, es kostoltes fstdkes kf éloje, jfke f olnfrtfzds quf dnejpdlhdj tekd afstdáîe f pdrte. Ld senofkdkf dtudb, ds rfkfs kf dpeoe fltrf jubhfrfs `erdj pfrkokds. Fj afrdb, hecf fj kod ds jubhfrfs fstîe sþs f sfj rf`frãlnods prþxojds, kfltre kf ujd senofkdkf ld qudb d jdtfrlokdkf fstä idstdltf kfsvdberozdkd. Fstf nelculte kf `dterfs `dz nej quf ds fxpfroãlnods quf sf nestujdj pdrtobhdr fltrf jîfs pdssfj per dbte sfltojfltes pre`ulkes, qudos, per fxfjpbe, ds neltrdkoáöfs fltrf es sfltojfltes kurdltf d afstdáîe, ds `rustrdáöfs per pdrtes quf lîe tfrjoldrdj neje fspfrdke, dbfotdjfltes `rdndssdkes, kfsnelnfrte `rfltf d sfltojfltes quf pdrfnfj sfr rdkondbjfltf epestes des quf les flsold d senofkdkf. Ds keubds ld Drafltold `ozfrdj sud dpdroáîe `erjdb ld óbtojd kïndkd, d pdrtor kf ko`frfltfs arupes oltfrldnoeldos f ldnoeldos. Fstd dpdroáîe nfrtdjfltf fstfvf jdrndkd pfbd ndrãlnod ld dtudbokdkf kf rfkfs kf jubhfrfs nej ds qudos le pdssdke sf neltdvd pdrd dnejpdlhdr fstf

prenfsse. @eo sf terldlke sfjprf jdos nbdre quf ujd sïrof kf nelhfnojfltes kfvod sfr olnerperdkd pdrd d dtudáîe neje keubd (kfskf

 

dbfotdjflte í pufronubturd, kfskf d prfpdrdáîe nerperdb pdrd e pdrte íqufbd pdrd d jdtfrlokdkf ftn.). Le nejfáe, ds keubds lîe tolhdj ujd `erjdáîe fspfnê`ond, cä quf lîe es nurses kf ndpdnotdáîe kf keubds. Ds projfords jubhfrfs quf fxostodj dtudrdj pre`ossoeldbjfltf neje keubds dkquorordj sfus nelhfnojfltes dtrdvïs kf nurses kostoltes seirf `osoebeaod kd afstdáîe, pdrte f pufrpïroe, pufronubturd, dbfotdjflte, fkundáîe prï-ldtdb, leáöfs iäsonds kf prelte senerre eistïtrone, psonebeaod, ftn.  Hecf hä nurses fspfnê`ones, `erjdáöfs sïrods, nej pre`ossoeldos fxpfrofltfs, fj quf ds pfsseds quf qufrfj dnejpdlhdr pdrtes eitãj ds `frrdjfltds iäsonds pdrd `dzã-be. [djiïj cä fxostf tdjiïj d nelsnoãlnod kd lfnfssokdkf kf neltoludr dtudbozdlke-sf f ndpdnotdlke-sf. Ld Drafltold, d jdoerod kes nurses kf ndpdnotdáîe kf keubds ï e`frfnokd per ko`frfltfs arupes kf keubds (dtï daerd hä sftf arupes kostoltes), lulnd pfbe aevfrle eu per eradlosjes e`onodos. Hä dbauls dles fxostf ujd vdrodkd e`frtd kf ndpdnotdáöfs fspfnê`onds pdrd keubds f nurses kf dtudbozdáîe kes nelhfnojfltes dkquorokes. Lîe hä, ld Drafltold, ujd bfaosbdáîe quf preêid d prfsflád kd keubd kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte kf ujd jubhfr, perïj tdjpeune fbd ï nbdrdjfltf dnfotd. [uke kfpflkf kds fquopfs jïkone-dssostflnodos f kds retolds f nestujfs ke hespotdb elkf dneltfnfrä e ldsnojflte. Ds keubds rfssurafj pdrd dnejpdlhdr, dpeodr, supertdr f dcukdr e ndsdb arävoke. Hecf, d `uláîe kd keubd djpboeu-sf, cä lîe sejfltf e`frfnf sud dssostãlnod í jubhfr quf sf terld jîf, neje tdjiïj de hejfj quf sf trdls`erjd fj pdo.

 

^eirf es duterfs Dkfbosf Ledb Jeltfore ï jïkond pfkodtrd hejfepdtd f dnupulturostd. [fj nbêlond fj psoquodtrod culauodld f fxfrnf, tdjiïj, d `uláîe kf jïkond-pdrtford, dtflkflke pdrtes pdrtes kejonobodrfs fj ]erte ]erte Dbfarf. Dkfbosf ï nebdierdkerd kd ELA Djoads ke ]drte, fstä flvebvokd fj precfte nej pdrtfords ke ^dlte Kdojf kd `berfstd djdzûlond, rfaoîe ke roe ]urus, f seirf fstf dssulte fstä trdidbhdlke luj bovre quf kfvfrä sfr puibondke le `oldb kf 9=4=. Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford  ï   ï okfdbozdkerd, prfsokfltf f neerkfldkerd kd ELA Djoads ke ]drte, `obþse`d, psonetfrdpfutd f fsnroterd. Ldsnokd le oltfroer kf ^îe ]dube, vovfu d jdoer pdrtf kf sud vokd fj Jobîe, Otäbod. Ï `erjdkd fj @obese`od, f ]sonebeaod ]þs-Culauodld (bolhd ^obvod Jeltf`esnho) f tfj Jdstfr fj Noãlnods kd Yfboaoîe (]VN/^]) nej d kossfrtdáîe ‒ D  D ndrlf sf `dz vfrie3 e pdrte kf idoxe rosne voste pfbd þtond  www.eladjoadskepdrte.nej, bdláeu kds jubhfrfs‚. @ulkdkerd ke sotf  www.eladjoadskepdrte.nej, fj 9==; e ]rãjoe Ldnoeldb ELA Djoads ke ]drte. Kfskf 9==1 dkjolostrd f bfnoeld nej fquopf jubtokosnopboldr f oltfrldnoeldb nurses iobêlauf í kostélnod seirf afstdáîe, pdrte, jdtfrlokdkf, pdtfrlokdkf, psonebeaod, sdókf `fjolold f dssultes kf jubhfrfs. Yfsokf ld @bþrokd, FVD, nej sud `obhd Ifdtroz, ldsnokd le Yoe kf Cdlfore kf pdrte kejonobodr. Fltrf sfus bovres3 ‒Jubhfrfs neltdj e pdrte‚ f ‒Jubhfrfs neltdj e pdrte 9‚, ‒Fjpekfrdlke ds Jubhfrfs. Ds Kfusds ld Ardvokfz, ]drte f ]þs-]drte‚ (fj pertuauãs f fspdlheb), Auod kd Arävokd Ol`erjdkd f Nelsnofltf‚ (fj pertuauãs f fspdlheb), tekes pfbd fkoterd Ioiboetfnd9;herds.nej.. Ioiboetfnd9;herds.nej

Dtovokdkfs ld wfi3 • www.hujdlozdndefspfrtd.nej

 

• www.psonebeaodkodbftond.nej  www.psonebeaodkodbftond.nej • www.fjpekfrdlkedsjubhfrfs.nej • www.tekdysbo`fpsynhebeay.nej

Dld Buêsd Enhs kf Juôez Yesd   ï Jdssetfrdpfutd f [frdpfutd Dbtfrldtovd (Fsnebd [ïnlond Bd`dyfttf), Lutronoelostd (VLO^OLE^), nej dpfr`foáedjflte fj lutroáîe jdtfrle ol`dltob f dbfotdjflte jdtfrle f Keubd prï-pdrte, pdrte f pþs-pdrte (DLKE). @dz dtflkojflte vod oltfrlft nej pdos f `djobodrfs, sdldlke kóvokds qudlte de dbfotdjflte f lutroáîe kd jîf f ke ifiã. Dnejpdlhd f prfpdrd es ndsdos pdrd d herd ke pdrte. ]essuo uj arupe kf dpeoe de pdrte hujdlozdke f í jdtfrlokdkf, nej flneltres jflsdos. Nelvokdkd rfnfltfjfltf (9=44) pdrd sfr jfjire `erjdkerd, ld ärfd kf Lutroáîe, pfbd ELA Djoads ke ]drte. Ï jîf ke Ifrldrke f kd ^e`od, fspesd ke Yeifrte, f jerd hä 41 dles fj Ardvdtdê, le Yoe Ardlkf ke ^ub, Irdsob. Ibea3 http3//www.dldkeubdflutro.ibeaspet.nej

Dltþloe Jdlufb Yekroaufs @frrford , Fl`frjfore Fspfnodbostd fj ^dókf Jdtfrld f Eistïtrond, d trdidbhdr le Ibene kf ]drtes kf ujd Jdtfrlokdkf Nfltrdb f dssostor pdrtes kejonobodrfs f pdrtes ld äaud, seu uj dntovostd kd hujdlozdáîe ke ldsnojflte fj ]ertuadb f dntudbjfltf pdrd dbïj kd dssostãlnod d pdrtes kejonobodrfs seu `erjdker fj ko`frfltfs neltfxtes seirf d lfnfssokdkf kd dssostãlnod hujdlozdkd le ldsnojflte. Jfstrdke fj Noãlnods kd Fl`frjdafj, ]þs-ardkudáîe fj ]fkdaeaod kd ^dókf, ]þs-ardkudáîe fj Dkjolostrdáîe kf ^frvoáes kf ^dókf, @erjdáîe kf @erjdker, @erjdáîe/@erjdker fj Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle f oltfare e Nejotï Ldnoeldb kf ]rejeáîe f ]retfnáîe ke Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle. Flvebvo-jf lds ärfds kd hujdlozdáîe ke ldsnojflte f dbfotdjflte jdtfrle perquf dnrfkote lds nejpftãlnods ke sfr hujdle fj afrdb f ld jubhfr fj pdrtonubdr. Neje fl`frjfore eistftrd kf`flke quf sflke e ldsnojflte uj jejflte ólone ld vokd kf ndkd ndsdb, tfjes d eiroadáîe f e kfvfr kf kdr d sfaurdlád ke fvflte

dssoj neje dssfaurdr d neltoluokdkf kd dssostãlnod pfrseldbozdkd ke nuokdr pdrd quf d `djêbod e pessd kfs`rutdr lujd vfrtfltf kf prdzfr,

 

sdtos`dáîe f fjpekfrdjflte.

Nrostodlf Gelke  ï psonþbead `erjdkd pfbd Vlovfrsokdkf @fkfrdb ke Fspêrote ^dlte, Keubd ndpdnotdkd pfbe ADJD (Aupe kf Dpeoe í Jdtfrlokdkf Dtovd „ ^îe ]dube), Jdssetfrdpfutd, fstukdltf kf [frdpods Ldturdos. Ndsdkd f jîf kf keos `obhes,Yfogodld jerd fjfPotþrod-F^, sud nokdkf ldtdb. Dtudbjfltf neerkfld arupes kf dpeoe d afstdltfs ld Ardlkf Potþrod f dtud ld Yfkf kf Jubhfrfs ]drte ke ]rolnêpoe. Jdrd @rforf ï jîf kf qudtre `obhes f dvþ kf keos lftes. Dtud ld ärfd hä jdos kf 96 dles. Ï keubd, cä dnejpdlheu 618 pdrtes. Ï pre`fsserd kf ]rfpdre pdrd Jdtfrldafj f fkundkerd pfroldtdb. Nelsubterd fj djdjfltdáîe f fj fkundáîe sfxudb pdrd pre`ossoeldos (`erjdáîe pfbd ^enofkdkf Irdsobford kf ^fxudbokdkf Hujdld). ]drtonopeu kf nurses ld Vlovfrsokdkf Adjd @obhe (YC) f ld V^] (^]). Yfdbozeu e O Flneltre Ldnoeldb kf Afstdáîe f ]drte Ldturdb Nelsnofltfs ke Pdbf ke ]drdêid (4???, ^]).

Cfsond ^dlnhfz Bebo  ï pdrtford. @erjdkd fj eistftrênod, nejfáeu trdidbhdlke fj nbêlonds f hespotdos kf Iufles Dorfs, ld Drafltold, elkf sf kfpdreu nej e dtflkojflte kfs-hujdlozdke dtï quf rfsebvfu dtflkfr le kejonêboe. Hecf dnejpdlhd pdrtes f ldsnojflte nej ujd keubd lds ndsds kf Idrobenhf, Drafltold. Kfsfjpflhd tekds ds tdrf`ds rfbdnoeldkds í jdtfrlokdkf f pdtfrlokdkf neje pdrtford olkfpflkfltf. Oltfard d YFBDNDHV]DL (Yfkf Bdtole-Djfrondld f Ndroiflhd pdrd d Hujdlozdáîe ke ]drte f Ldsnojflte), ol`erjdlke ís pdrtfords seirf sfus korfotes le pdrte f ldsnojflte. Cfsond ï ujd kds `erjdkerds kes nurses ELA Djoads ke ]drte. Bunêd ^tdydle Ndbkfore  ï pfkdaead, psonekrdjdtostd, tfrdpfutd nerperdb nej dierkdafj trdlspfssedb. Keubd f fkundkerd pfroldtdb hä 98 dles, ndpdnotdkd pfbd KELD (Keubds e` Lerth Djfrond), vonfprfsokfltf kd DLKE. Fbd oltfard e ]reardjd kf ]drte Dbtfrldtove ke NDO^J/@NJ/VLONDJ] kfskf 4?89, pdrtonopdlke kf pfsquosds f

puibondáöfs f dtudlke neje fkundkerd pfroldtdb f keubd. ^otf3 http3//kdrdbuz.nej.ir

 

Jdrêd Pfradrd   ï jîf kf 6 `obhes f keubd. Povf fj Fb Iebsel, Yoe Lfare „ Drafltold. Nejfáeu sfu trdidbhe kf keubd kfskf qudlke `eo jîf pfbd projford vfz, des 98 dles. Dnejpdlhdvd es pdrtes kf suds djoads f vozolhd. ^fltod fstd dtovokdkf neje dbae oldte f ldturdb lfbd. Fj 9==;, kfpeos kf vordr dvþ, fbd dprfsflteu de hespotdb bendb e precfte ‒Jdjd dnejpdôdltf‚ (Jîf dnejpdlhdltf) pdrd kdr e dpeoe fjenoeldb ís jubhfrfs kurdltf e trdidbhe kf pdrte f pdrte. ^þ rfnfltfjfltf fbd kfsneirou quf fstd `uláîe nhdjdvd-sf kf keubd, sþ sdiod quf aestdvd kf dnejpdlhdr ldsnojfltes. Hä keos dles dnejpdlhd pdrtes kejonobodrfs, fj quf pfrnfif d `ertf ndrad kf flfraod sdardkd prfsfltfs lfbfs. Jdrêd ï ujd kds `erjdkerds kes nurses ELA Djoads ke ]drte. Jdru Krfxbfr ï fkundkerd prï f pþs-ldtdb, nelsubterd fj Dbfotdjflte Jdtfrle, keubd, tfrdpfutd olstruterd kf Aolästond fj Jfjire Nfltres kd kf Flfraod, kenfltf kf [equf`berdb, Futûlone le ifiã f shdltdbd. YFBDNDHV]DL (Yfkf Bdtole-Djfrondld f ke Ndroif pdrd d Hujdlozdáîe ke ]drte f ke Ldsnojflte) kfskf sud nrodáîe, jfjire dtove kf ‒Kdlke í Buz‚ „ Dssenodáîe Drafltold „, f kfskf 9==9 neerkfldkerd kds dtovokdkfs kd Yfbdndhupdl ld ]revêlnod kf Yêe Lfare. Jdru ï ujd kds `erjdkerds kes nurses ELA Djoads ke ]drte f dssostfltf ld dkjolostrdáîe kes jfsjes.

 

Nepyroaht © 9=44 „ [ekes es korfotes rfsfrvdkes d3 Dkrodld [dlfsf Leauford  [ekes  [ekes es korfotes rfsfrvdkes. Lflhujd pdrtf ke neltfóke kfstf bovre pekfrä sfr utobozdkd eu rfprekuzokd fj qudbqufr jfoe eu `erjd, sfcd fbf ojprfsse, koaotdb, äukoe eu vosudb sfj d fxprfssd duterozdáîe per fsnrote kd duterd sei pflds nrojoldos f dáöfs novos.

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