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N]AD @KJYCM\K PKHXM mGYP

 

AG\XKL]ÎÀK .................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................... ........................ 0 K T]M Á M @KJK E]G@AKGD K MGYP GD G D MJYXMPD; .............................. = T]DAP DP UDG\DNMGP UDG\DNMGP LM ED_MX YMPT]APD LM PD\APEDÎÀK PD\APEDÎÀK YMCK MGYP; ................................... .................................................... ................. > @KJK DYCA@DX K JKLMCK MGYP @KJ D@MX\K; ........ ............... .............. .............. ............ ..... 49 @KJK PM P M LÄ D AG\MXYXM\DÎÀK AG\MXYXM\DÎÀK LM XMP]C XM P]C\DLKP \DLKP LK MGYP; ............. 4< @KG@C]PÀK ..................................... ............................................................................ .............................................................. ....................... 46 PKHXM D PMX .................................................................................................89

 

Agtrkluîàk

 

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D dctd pmrekrjdg`m lm ujd mjprmsd m jprmsd pklm smr mxpca`dld pkr lavmrsks edtkrms. ]j lks prag`apdas á k gêvmc lm sdtasedîàk m cmdcldlm lks prkfflssakgdas m tajms lm trdhdcfk, dfflgdc, smj pmsskds rmdcjmgtm

`kjprkjmtalds, á laeê`ac khtmr k su`mssk lmsmodlk. lms modlk.

D qumstàk á? `kjk jmgsurdr mssd sdtasedîàk m d cmdcldlm, edtkrms tàk suhomtavks; Á ujd tdrmed laeê`ac m, smj d emrrdjmgtd `mrtd, lmjdgld uj trdhdcfk ärluk. Gàk pkr d`dsk, á `kjuj qum prkfflssakgdas lm XF usmj pmsquasds ckgnds m lmjkrdlds pdrd mssd dgäcasm. Emcazjmgtm, gàk prm`asd smr laeê`ac dssaj. Mxastm uj agla`dlkr `fdjdlk Mjpckymm Gmt Yrkjktmr P`krm   (mGYP), `radlk gk dgk lm 8990, qum pmrjatm ujd dgäcasm prkeugld m prm`asd “ hdsmdglk-sm mj ujd ÿga`d pmrnugtd, qum á `fdjdld lm –d pmrnugtd lmfflgatavd‚. lmfflgatavd‚. Dladgtm, vdjks lmtdcfdr k qum á mGYP, qudas ds suds prag`apdas vdgtdnmgs, `kjk dpca`ä-ck gk ck`dc lm trdhdcfk m agtmrprmtdr ks rmsuctdlks. @kgtagum sud cmaturd `kj dtmgîàk. AG\XKL]ÎÀK

 

K qum á m `kjk eug`akgd k mGYP gd mjprmsd;

 

5

D pmsquasd lm mGYP surnau mj 8990, `radld pmck prkemsskr Erml Xma`ffmcl, jds `kjk ujd emrrdjmgtd pdrd jmlar d sdtasedîàk lks `camgtms ld mjprmsd. Pmu gkjm kranagdc á

GYP (Gmt Yrkjktmr P`krm ) m hus`d almgtaffl`dr 0 tapks lm `camgtms? ks prkjktkrms, ks gmutrks m ks lmtrdtkrms .

Mssd emrrdjmgtd dagld á hdstdgtm usdld pdrd dvdcadr d sdtasedîàk sdtasedî àk lks `camgtms, pkráj, ujd lm suds vmrsýms ndgfku ek`k gks `camgtms agtmrgks ld mjprmsd, astk á, gks mjprmndlks.

Mssd gkvd vmrsàk rm`mhmu k gkjm lm mGYP (Mjpckymm Gmt Yrkjktmr P`krm ) m, rdpaldjmgtm, eka dhrdîdld pkr mjprmsds lk juglk tklk. Á pkssêvmc lmfflga-cd `kjk? ujd emrrdjmgtd `dpdz lm jmlar d sdtasedîàk m d cmdcldlm lks mjprmndlks, `kj hdsm mj ujd ÿga`d pmrnugtd. K mGYP eug`akgd dssaj? k prkfflssakgdc lm XF edz d pmrnugtd lmfflgatavd dk mjprmndlk qum mstä pdrta`apdglk ld dvdcadîàk, qum lmvm rmspkglï-cd mj ujd ms`dcd lm 9 d 49. Lm d`krlk `kj ds rmspkstds, ks mjprmndlks sàk `cdssaffl`dlks `kjk prkjktkrms, gmutrks ku lmtrdtkrms.

Mj smnuald, d pmsquasd rmcd`akgd k pmr`mgtudc lm mjprmndlks prkjktkrms m lmtrdtkrms ld mjprmsd, `kj k agtuatk lm mstdhmcm`mr ujd pkgtudîàk fflgdc lm mGYP. Gk `dpêtuck - 6) “  qum sàk ajpdr`adas, gmj juatk sdtasematks ku agsdtasematks2

Ykráj, qum fflqum `cdrk? assk gàk sangaffl`d

Lm d`krlk `kj ds rmspkstds khtalds, á pkssêvmc `cdssaffl`dr trïs tapks lm mjprmndlks?

qum ks mjprmndlks prkjktkrms sàk jdas

0. lmtrdtkrms lmtrdtkrms (gktds? 9 - 5) “ qum mstàk agsdtasematks `kj d mjprmsd m sàk pku`k cmdas.

tdcmgtksks qum ks lmtrdtkrms, sð qum mcms gàk mxpmrajmgtdj k jmsjk nrdu lm sdtasedîàk m cmdcldlm é mjprmsd. Assk á jdas –`ucpd‚ ld nmstàk prm`ärad lk qum lks prðpraks mjprmndlks.

Mssd jmlaîàk gàk lmvm smr ematd pdrd rmtdcadr ks tdcmgtks, jds pdrd ladngksta`dr d mjprmsd m d nmstàk lm rm`ursks fujdgks. Dssaj, smrä pkssêvmc jmcfkrdr d dljagastrdîàk. @KJK DYCA@DX K JKLMCK mGYP @KJ D@MX\ D@MX\K; K;

 

@kjk sm lä d agtmrprmtdîàk lm rmsuctdlks lk mGYP;

 

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Dpðs d dpca`dîàk lk mGYP m d almgtaffl`dîàk lks mjprmndlks qum sàk prkjktkrms, gmutrks m lmtrdtkrms, á fkrd lm agtmrprmtdr ks rmsuctdlks. Gks tðpa`ks smnuagtms, mxpca`djks `kjk!

@DC@]CM D YKG\]DÎÀK EAGDC LM MGYP D jdakr pdrtm lk trdhdcfk trdhdcf k oä eka ematd, jds edctd dcnk rmdcjmgtm ajpkrtdgtm? `dc`ucdr d pkgtudîàk fflgdc lm mGYP ld mjprmsd. Mssm `äc`uck á sajpcms? hdstd rmcd`akgdr k pmr`mgtudc lm prkjktkrms m k pmr`mgtudc lm lmtrdtkrms ld jdr`d, ld smnuagtm ekrjd ?

mGYP (mj pkgtks) : % prkjktkrms - % lmtrdtkrms

Ajdnagm qum, dk mgtrmvastdr 499 lks smus mjprmndlks, vk`ï almgtaffl`ku qum 59 lmcms dtrahuêrdj gktds lm 1 d 49 (cknk, 59% lm prkjktkrms). Kutrks > eug`akgäraks lmrdj gktds mgtrm > m 6 (ku smod, >% lm gmutrks) m kutrks 00 lmcms dtrahuêrdj gktds lm 9 d 5 (cknk, 00% lm lmtrdtkrms). @KJK PM LÄ D AG\MXYXM\DÎÀK LM XMP]C\DLKP XMP]C\DLKP LK mGYP;

Dk usdr k `äc`uck lm mGYP, suhtrdaglk k pmr`mgtudc lm lmtrdtkrms lk tktdc lm prkjktkrms, vk`ï gktdrä qum d mjprmsd tmj 8> pkgtks lm mGYP. D pkgtudîàk fflgdc vda smjprm lm -499 pkgtks dtá 499 pkgtks. Tudgtk jdakr d pkgtudîàk, jmcfkr á k ck`dc lm trdhdcfk m d nmstàk lm pmsskds. Assk qumr lazmr qum ks tdcmgtks mstàk emcazms m laspkstks d edzmr uj jdrbmtagn pksatavk ld mjprmsd, dtudglk `kjk prkjktkrms ld jdr`d.

 

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ALMG\AEAT]M D _KGD LM YMX\MG@AJMG\ YMX\MG@AJMG\K K ]jd pkgtudîàk fflgdc gàk sangaffl`d juatd `kasd, sm gàk tavmr pdrèjmtrks pmcks qudas sm gkrtmdr. Ykr mxmjpck, `kjk sdhmr sm 8> pkgtks lm mGYP á dcnk rmdcjmgtm hkj; Ku sm 69 pkgtks mstä d`ajd ku dhdaxk ld jálad; Ykrtdgtk, á prm`ask tmr dcnugs pdrèjmtrks. Ydrd ed`acatdrmj mssd –ck`dcazdîàk‚ –ck`dcaz dîàk‚,, mspm`adcas mspm`adcastds tds mj mGYP `cdssaffl`dj dcnujds zkgds lm mgqudlrdjmgtk lds pkgtudîýms. Pàk mcds?

• mgtrm >= m 499 pkgtks “ zkgd lm mx`mcïg`ad2 • mgtrm =9 m >< pkgtks “ zkgd lm qudcaldlm2

K almdc á qum d mjprmsd mstmod gd zkgd lm qudcaldlm ku mx`mcïg`ad, gàk jmgks qum assk. @dsk mstmod gd zkgd lm jmcfkrad, á sagdc lm qum ks rmsuctdlks prm`asdj dvdgîdr. Á prm`ask dpmremaîkdr d nmstàk lm rm`ursks fujdgks m dprajkrdr d mxpmraïg`ad lks mjprmndlks.

• mgtrm 4 m

MP\DHMCMÎD JM\DP M YXD_KP YDXD JMCFKXAD

Ku smod, mcds mgtrmndj ujd pmrekrjdg`m supmrakr dk qum á `kgsalmrdlk pdlràk. Pàk mjprmsds ekrd ld `urvd.

Aglmpmglmgtmjmgtm ld zkgd lm pmrtmg`ajmgtk lm mGYP almgtaffl`dld, á smjprm pkssêvmc jmcfkrdr jmc fkrdr.. Yrkjkvmr k prknrmssk ld calmrdgîd lm pmsskds gàk á hkj sð pdrd ks mjprmndlks, jds pdrd tkld d mjprmsd. \klks, lk @MK dtá k pkrtmark, pklmj ndgfdr `kj assk.

Ykrtdgtk, mstdhmcmîd jmtds euturds lm mGYP. Pm vk`ï tmj =9 ku 59 pkgtks, pkr mxmjpck, lmfflgd d jmtd lm dtagnar 69 ku jdas pkgtks, smj jmlk lm edcfdr. K prknrmssk lmvm smr `kgtêguk.

]j mstulk vma`ucdlk pmcd Fdrvdrl Husagmss jkstrd qum mjprmsds `kj hkds präta`ds lm XF tïj uj lmsmjpmgfk jálak =4% supmrakr =4% supmrakr dks smus rmspm`tavks jmr`dlks .

Ydrd tdgtk, cmjhrm-sm lk pdlràk PJDX\, usdlk pdrd d lmfflgaîàk lm jmtds m khomtavks. \ \kld kld hkd jmtd lmvm smr? mspm`êffl`d, jmgsurävmc, dtrahuêvmc, rmdcazävmc m `kj tmjpk hmj lmfflgalk. Tudglk hmj lmcajatdld, ujd jmtd pklm dcagfdr m mstajucdr tkld d mquapm lm trdhdcfk.

@KJK PM LÄ D AG\MXYXM\DÎÀK LM XMP]C\DLKP XMP]C\DLKP LK mGYP;  

@kg`cusàk

 

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@kjk eka pkssêvmc khsmrvdr, k Mjpckymm Gmt Yrkjktmr  P`krm  P`krm (mGYP) á ujd emrrdjmgtd rmdcjmgtm ajpkrtdgtm. Mcd suhstatua ks játklks krtklkxks lm dvdcadîàk lm sdtasedîàk lks mjprmndlks, tkrgdglk tklk k prk`mssk jdas räpalk, smnurk m prm`ask .

Gk mgtdgtk, á gm`mssärak ndrdgtar? (4) sud `krrmtd dpca`dîàk, mvatdglk k vamsdjmgtk lks ldlks cmvdgtdlks, m (8) sud dlmqudld agtmrprmtdîàk, almgtaffl`dglk d dtudc pkgtudîàk ld mjprmsd. Ydrd tdc fflj, smcm`akgm `kj prm`asàk smu pÿhca`kdcvk m k jmcfkr `dgdc pdrd d `kcmtd lks ldlks. Dcáj lassk, usm d pmrnugtd lmfflgatavd qum oä eka nckhdcjmgtm tmstdld m dprkvdld. Ykr fflj, almgtafflqum d pkgtudîàk lm mGYP ld krndgazdîàk m mstdhmcmîd jmtds pdrd k euturk. Cmjhrm-sm smjprm lm qum jkgatkrdr d sdtasedîàk m cmdcldlm lk tajm á sð k prajmark pdssk. Lmpkas, á prm`ask dnar pdrd tkrgdr k ck`dc lm trdhdcfk jdas dnrdlävmc,c, m d nmstàk lm pmsskds, jdas prm`asd. Ydrd dnrdlävm tdgtk, vdcm agtmnrdr gkvds präta`ds m tm`gkcknads lm XF. Gk fflj, gàk sð k XF ku ks eug`akgäraks smràk hmgmffl`adlks, jds tkld d krndgazdîàk. Pmrä pkssêvmc `kgtdr `kj ujd ekrîd lm trdhdcfk jdas jktavdld, dcagfdld m `kjprkjmtald.

@KG@C]PÀK

 

Pkhrm d Xk`b @kgtmgt

Pkhrm d PMX D PMX á ujd mjprmsd hrdsacmard qum lmsmgvkcvm sketwdrms mspm`adcjmgtm vkctdlks pdrd ks lmpdrtdjmgtks lm XF, `kj k khomtavk lm mstdhmcm`mr skcuîýms agkvdlkrds pdrd trdgsekrjdr tdcmgtks mj pmsskds vatkraksds. Mstä fä jdas lm 8= dgks gk jmr`dlk, `kgtd

`kj `mgtmgds lm `camgtms dtmglalks m juatks prkomtks lm ajpd`tk. Dprkvmatm pdrd sdhmr jdas skhrm d PMX.