Guia Artropodos Parque Nacional Yasuni 2020
December 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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C^ÇE HN KDZ E\X\Ú]DHDZ E\X\Ú]DHD Z HNK ]E\ E\U^N U^N IE IEJ@D J@DIE IEK K PEZ EZ^IÇ ^IÇ NJ^EHD\
Anrieihd Jerjnk Jerjnkknr knr Fnkky Zw`ic
531
E\X\Ú]DHDZ E\X\Ú]DH DZ C^ÇE HN KDZ HNK ]E\ E\U^ U^N N IEJ IEJ@D @DIE IEK K PEZ EZ^I ^IÇÇ NJ^EHD\
Anrieihd Jerjnk Jerjnkknr knr Fnkky Zw`ic Lerjnkdie ) Gdrpbd ejb`kkns (K`iienus, 53>2) Gdrpbd bnknidr (Jregnr, 5331)
Zulaeg`k`e L`lk`h`ien
)
Z @ Z N X G Å X @ J E
E J @ X Å G N X Z @ Z
Jetdinpbnkn ejdit`us K`iienus, 5335 Begehryes egpb`idgn (K`iienus, 5313) Begehryes jbkdn (Ztdkk, 5323) Xngni`s kedtbdn (Jregnr, 5333) Jekk`jdrn bnspnr`s (Cuàr`i-Gàin (Cuàr`i-Gàinv`kkn, v`kkn, 5288) Jekk`jdrn pyces (Cdhert, 522)
Zulaeg`k`e K`gni`t`h`ien Ehnkpbe jepuj`ius (Sekjb, 533>) Zulaeg`k`e Epetur`ien Hdxdjdpe ecetb`ie ecetb`ie (Jregnr, 5333) Hdxdjdpe k`ihe (Ankhnr & Ankhnr, 521) Gerpns`e jrntbdi jrntbdi (Aelr`j`us, 5331) Zulaeg`k`e Zetyr`ien J`tbenr`es eurdr`ie (S (Snygnr, nygnr, 505=) 50 5=) Geieter`e gejukete (Bdpaanr, ]`nrnkke keg`e (Zukznr, 5331)
5238)
Aeg`k`e \`dh`i`hen
\`dh`ie kys`ppus (K`iienus, 53>2) Ztekejbt`s jekk`dpn (K`iienus, 53>2) \bntus pnr`eihnr Jregnr, 5333 Zerdte sp`jete (Zteuh`icnr, 5222)
Aeg`k`e Bnspnr`hen Zulaeg`k`e ]yrc`ien
Gyserl`e snoeius (Bdpaanr, 5238) Ongeh`e sp. Estreptns aukcnretdr (Sekjb, 533>) Estreptns epestus (Jregnr, 5333) ^rleius tnknus (Bûlinr, 52) Idrepn i`crdv`idse i`crdv`idse (Hrujn, 50=1) Zupnraeg`k`e ]yrekd`hne Aeg`k`e Jregl`hen Esturdhns Esturd hns glr`eurek`s (Cuniàn, 52>8) H`pbei`e i`t`hek`s (Ztdkk, 5325)
)
Zyiceg`e sp. Hnsg`e leoukek`s (Cuniàn,52>8)
Zupnraeg`k`e Kes`djegpd`hne Aeg`k`e Kes`djegp`hen
Nuckypb`s ea. lreceize (Zjbeus, 520) Ersniure ekldp`jte Odrhei, 50>) Ehnkdin`ve`e oesdi (Ld`husvek, 523) Nejkns pninkdpn (Jregnr, 533>)5330) J`tbnr`die pbdrdine (Jregnr,
Zulaeg`k`e Zeturi``ien Jdpexe ev`ie (Hreuht, 50) Eutdgnr`s hnit`juketn Jditn, 50=1 ]snuheutdgnr`s kete (Jditn, 50=1) Zulaeg`k`e Dxytni`ien Estbni`e eaa kejtuj`ie (Jregnr, 532=) Estbni`e sp. Dxytni`s sp. Aeg`k`e Zpb`ic`hen Zulaeg`k`e Gejrdckdss`ien Jekk`di`ge `iuus (\dtbsjb`kh & Odrhei, 50=:) Niyd cdrcdi cdrcdi (Jregnr, 5333) Nryii`s ekdpn (Hrury, 533:) Nryii`s jregnr` (Zjbeus, 5202) Nryii`s nkkd (K`iienus, 53>2) Nugdrpbe jeprdii`nr` jeprdii`nr` (Ld`shuvek, 523>) Nugdrpbe dlk`quus (\dtbsjb`kh & Odrhei, 50=:) Nugdrpbe pbdrles (Jregnr, 533>) Nugdrpbe tr`eicukug (\dtbsjb`kh & Odrhei, 50=:) Nugdrpbe aesj`etus (Zutznr, 5331) @sdcietbus knejb`` (Zwe`isdi, 522)
1) 52> 1)
Z @ Z
N X G Å X @ J E
E J @ X Å G N X Z @ Z
Rykdpbeins pdrjus pdrjus jdit`initek`s (\dtbsjb`kh & Odrhei, 50=1) Rykdpbeins uihete (\dtbsjb`kh & Odrhei, 50=1)
Zulaeg`k`e Zgnr`itb`ien
Ehbnger`us cegiesjus (Ztdkk, 530=) ]rdteglukyx ]rdteg lukyx nuryjkns (Bnrr`jb-Zbèaanr, ]rdteglukyx ]rdteg lukyx str`c`k`s str`c`k`s (K`iienus, 5335)
52>8)
Zulaeg`k`e Zpb`ic`ien
Egpb`gdne wekfnr` (Ld`shuvek, 523>) Jdjyt`us hupdijbnk (]dny, 52:) Geihuje drnstei drnstei (Ztdkk, 52:2) Aeg`k`e Cndgntr`hen Reitbyr`s evndkete evndkete (K`iienus, 53>2) Zyijbkdre sp. Zupnraeg`k`e Idjtud`hne Aeg`k`e Idtdhdit`hen ]bendjbkenie kegpre (]rdut, 5052) Jnrdjtnie egyite (Ztdkk, 5322) ]bn`hdkn sp. Gncekdgyrgnxx sp. Gncekdgyrgn Jrngetdcestnr sp. Zulaeg`keNjtetdgg`ien Njtetdgge tulnrjuketug (Dk`v`nr, 5302) G`jretbnie jkypnete (Zuihnvekk, 52::) G`jretbnie sjbrn`lnrs` sjbrn`lnrs` (]nrty, 52::) G`jretbnie sp. eaa tr`eicuker`s (J. K. Fdjb, 52:1) G`jretbnie sp. eaa Jdje (Knv`, 502>) G`jretbnie sp. eaa f`rly (]nrty, 52::) G`jretbnie jyeidspie (Kujes, 52:>) G`jretbnie ejute (Sekjfnienr, 5285) \ulrnpn`re \ulrnpn `re rulrdi`cre (Gnkkd-Kn`tèd, 50:0) Nr`dpbdre sp. ]erew`s`e sp. Secinr`eie sp. Bypdciete sp. Hul`n`pn`re sp. Aeg`k`e Jkul`di`hen Aeg`k`e Jdr`ii`hen Aeg`k`e Hn`idp`hen Hn`idp`s sp.
Aeg`k`e Bnrs`k`hen
:5
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e Kyjds`hen Eckedjtnius sp. Aeg`k`e Inpb`k`hen
Z @ Z X N G Å X @ J E
E J @ X Å G N X Z @ Z
Inpb`ke jkev`pns (K`iienus, 5313)
Aeg`k`e Dxydp`hen Xep`i`kkus sp
Aeg`k`e Xbnr`h``hen Aeg`k`e Xntrecietb`hen Knujecn sp. Aeg`k`e Xbnrepbds`hen ]sekgdpdnus sp. Aeg`k`e ]`seur`hen Aeg`k`e Xbdg`s`hen
Ztnpbeidpd`hns s`gdiy Fnysnrk`ic, 522=
Aeg`k`e Zekt`j`hen Egyjus sp. Hr`zzt`us sp. Arnye sp. Bypenus sp. Fejnrrytus sp.
Gningnrus l`v`ttetus (Huadur, 52:5) Idncus sp. ]b`ekn sp. ]knx`ppus peyfukk` peyfukk` (Euhdu`i, 522)
Jing`hdpbykkug k`inetug
(Lruiinr vdi Settniwyk, 5205)
]tnrdjbrdze
djnkkete
(K`iienus, 53>2)
><
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Jdidj`hd jdgd cr`kkd pevd rnek (]nejdjf Fetyh`h) nstn tnt`cdi`hd tnt `cdi`hd hn crei tegeõd (gås hn 1 jg hn kdic`tuh) jueihd nstå ni rnpdsd jdi kes ekes jnrrehes prnsnite ui crei g`gnt`sgd, pernj`nihd uie bdoe gunrte. Jueihd sn vn ni pnk`crd pdr ui prnhehdr elrn kes ekes ek es pdstnr`drns hdihn prnsnite uids nidrgns djnkds qun kn bejni pernjnr uie nspnj`n hn lÿbd, jdi kd juek `it`g`he e sus ning`cds. Nste bnglre hn ]. djnkkete t`nin espnjtd hn bdoe gunrte, y sn v`skuglre ui djnkd hn jdkdr rdo`zd ni nk eke pdstnr`dr. pdstnr`dr.
Aegçk`e Crykk`hen Kds Crykk`hen (cr`kkds) sdi eÿi gnids jdidj`hds qun kds Xntt`cdi``hen, kd juek punhn etr`lu`rsn teitd e su adrge hn v`he idjturie jdgd ek crei iÿgnrd hn nspnj`ns hn pnqunõd tegeõd. Xdhds kds jeitds hn cr`kkds
D \ X D ] X N \ E Kuzer`he ja. rnjedih`te (I`sjbf & Dttn, :
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic jdidj`hds beste ebdre sdi prdhuj`hds e trevàs hn rnsdiehdrns nspnj`ekns s`tuehds ni kes ekes hnkeitnres y ng`tni jdi uie arnjunij`e nitrn kds < y kds 5= fBz. Ni ke junije hn ke Egezdiçe sn punhni nsjujber nk jeitd hn kds cr`kkds e juekqu`nr bdre hnk hçe, s` l`ni l`n i su gåx`ge ejt`v`heh ns ek eterhnjnr. Zdi åptnrds y hnsprdv`stds hn úrceids t`gpåi`jds. Úrceids nstr`hukehdrns guy creihns, jes` tdhe ke tncg`ie adrge pertn hn nstn úrceid, Xersds hn trns ertnods. Jnrjds guy kercds. Dv`pds`tdr id y ni adrge hn ecuoe.
E \ N X ] D X \ D
Epbdidgdrpbus perdlsjurus (Cdrdjbdv, 8
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç
Aeg`k`e Crykkdtekp`hen
Indjurt`kke bnxehejtyke bnxehejtyke (]nrty, 52:>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e ]yrcdgdrpb`hen (]yrcdgdrpbs)
D \ X D ] X N \ E
Dgure jdicrue (Sekfnr, 523=)
E \ N X ] D X \ D
Kds g`nglrds hn ke aeg`k`e pyrcdgdrpb`hen sdi aåj`kgnitn rnjdidj`lkns pdr su nstrnjbe, júi`je y kerce jelnze. Esç jdgd sus eitnies h`r`c`hes bej`e hnkeitn. Ke nspnj`n Dgure jdicrue ns pkeie y jernjn hn ekes.
Aeg`k`e Xntr`c`hen (]ycgy cressbdppnrs) Nstds ei`gekns, qun pdjes vnjns supnrei kds < jg, sdi s`g`kerns pdr sus bål`tds e pnqunõds Ejr`h`hen, hn kds juekns sn h`anrnij`ei s`i nglercd pdr ui ekercehd prdidtd prdi dtd qun kk kknce nce e jul julr`r r`r nk elhdgni y ke eusnij`e hnk tçgpeid. Ke geydrçe hn kds Xntr`c`hen sn ek`gnite hn ekces y guscds.
Letre`jbnhne sp.
>1
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç
Aeg`k`e Nugestej`hen Nste aeg`k`e sn bekke rnprnsnitehe ni Egàr`je hnk Zur pdr iugnrdses nspnj`ns y ni nk Idrdnstn egezúi`jd sdlrn tdhd pdr ke sulaeg`k`e Nugestej`ien. Ke jdkdrej`úi hn ekcuies nspnj`ns n spnj`ns ns hn ui tdid gerrúi, pdjd v`stdsd6 dtres, pdr nk jditrer`d, sn jerejtnr`zei pdr jdkdrns kkeget`vds6 sdlrn tdhd ke jelnze y ke pertn pdstnr`dr d kds ÿkt`gds sncgnitds elhdg`iekns sn hnstejei hnk tdid gerrúi-eger`kknitd hnl`hd e su `itnis`ve jdkdrej`úi
ezuk d rdoe. Nstds drtúptnrds jdkdjei kes petes tresnres el`nrtes, e kds jdstehds hnk junrpd, kd juek prdhujn su tçp`je pds`j`úi hn «erjd y njbe¶ y
pds`l`k`te ui jnrrehd åicukd hn sektd ek bu`r, kd juek pdhrçe `ijrngniter ke h`steij`e hnk sektd. Nste pds`j`úi sn h`anrnij`e jkeregnitn hn ke hn sus per`nitns hnk Q`nod Guihd, juyes petes sn bekkei ni åicukd rnjtd jdgd kes hn kds ejrçh`hds.
D \ X D ] X N \ E
Nugestex sp.
]eregestex sp.
]snuhdgestex ja. pnrsdiete
(Ldk`ver, 5225)
>3
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e ]rdsjdp``hen Kds `ih`v`huds hn nste aeg`k`e, nxjkus`ve hn Egàr`je hnk Zur, sn pernjni ni sus bål`tds e kds hnidg`iehds «l`jbds pekds¶ (]besgetdptnre? ]besg`hen), pnrd sn h`anrnij`ei aåj`kgnitn hn àstds hnl`hd e su jepej`heh hn sekter. Bel`tei ni ke snkve, y sn kds nijunitre sdlrn tdhd ni jkerds pnqunõds y ekcuies vnjns ni kes jdpes hn kds årldkns.
]ereprdsjdp`e r`nhn`
E \ N X ] D X \ D
(Lnitds-]nrn`re, 2
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç
Aeg`k`e \dgekn`hen Ni nste aeg`k`e nijditregds ekcuies hn kes nspnj`ns gås v`stdses y hn geydr tegeõd hnk indtrúp`jd (Jehnie, ). Hn bnjbd Xrdp`hejr`s sp. ns ke nspnj`n hn sektegditns hn geydr tegeõd jdidj`hd, gujbes hn kes nspnj`ns hn nste aeg`k`e pdsnni jelnze creihn, pdhnrdses petes y espnjtd rdlustd y ejdrezehd. ]dsnni uie nspunke teitd ni ke pertn nxtnrie jdgd ni ke `itnrie hn kes t`l`es pdstnr`drns (Jehnie, ).
D \ X D ] X N \ E Jdkpdkdpbe ja wenbinr` (Cûitbnr, 508=)
X`teiejr`s sp.
X`teiejr`s bugldkht`` (Zjuhhnr,
5210) Nkutrdkegp`s Nkutr dkegp`s sp.
>0
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic Ehrdkegp`s sp.
E \ N X ] D X \ D
Xrylk`dpbdrus
ja pnruv`e pnruv`eius ius (Lruiinr,
505=)
@igehurd aeg`k`e \dgekn`hen
Aeg`k`e Ejr`h`hen
Cek`hejr`s ver`el`k`s (Hnsjegps &
Eptdjnres
Egnhncietd, 503 jg.
Aeg`k`e ]snuhdpbesget`hen @isnjtd pekd, hn junrpd j`kçihr`jd y ekercehd jdi ekes prdiuij`ehes pkncehes sdlrn nk túrex y elhdgni. Ejt`v`heh idjturie. ]snuhdpbesge l`sp`idsug (\nhtnile-
jbnr, 50=1)
@isnjtd pekd hn jdkdr gerrúi jdi gerjes incres, hn tegeõd nitrn 2 y 5= jg, sn jerejtnr`ze pdr tninr kes ekes eitnr`drns jdi hds prdiuij`ehes prdtulnreij`es ni adrge hn nsp`ie. Eitnies kerces y teitd kds gejbds jdgd kes bng lres punhni vdker. vdker.
] B E Z G X E X D H N E
]snuhdpbesge kef`i`
(Jdikn &
Jrndxykus sp`idsus (Aelr`j`us, 533>)
Bniingeii, 2)
A`h`j`id`hns lruiine (Ldukerh &
Ger`inkk`, 5001)
Jb`gnine i`iae hn J`jehe A`h`j`id`hns sp.
10
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic Aeg`k`e J`jehnkk`hen (Jb`jberr`te, Kneabdppnrs)
E kds g`nglrds hn nste aeg`k`e sn kns jdidjn jdgd jb`jberr`tes. Ns uie hn kes aeg`k`es jdi geydr iÿgnrd hn nspnj`ns hnitrd hnk drhni hn kds bngçptnrds. Ek snr hn ui tegeõd guy pnqunõd (nitrn =,> y 5= gg) sdi gås h`açj`kns hn dlsnrver, t`nini uie egpk`e cege hn jdkdrns heihd
@recue sp.
B N G @ ] X N \ E
kucer e uie `ii`heh hn jdgl`iej`dins jrdgåt`jes. Nståi jerejtnr`zehes
pdr tninr uie d gås b`knres hn nsp`ies e kd k d kercd hn kes k es t`l`es pdstnr`drns. Kds ehuktds t`nini ui jerejtnrçst`jd jdgpdrteg`nitd, sekteihd hn ui kehd hn ke bdoe (bez) ek dtrd (nivàs) råp`hegnitn jueihd hntnjtei ekcÿi t`pd hn pnk`crd. Kes bnglres `isnrtei sus bunvds hnitrd hn ke pkeite buàspnh.
E \ N X ] @ G N B
H`kdldptnrus sp.
]rdjdi`e sp.
Gejucdiek`e gdnste (Aelr`j`us,52=: (Aelr`j`us,52=:))
Xnt`ssege l`snkkete (Z`cidrnt, 5212, bnglre
Gnglrej`s lujftdi`
(Auifbdusnr, 50)
]dti`e ckeh`etdr
(Sekfnr, (S ekfnr, 52>5) 52>5 )
35
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e Jnrjdp`hen (Zp`ttknlucs) X`l`es pdstnr`drns jdi uie d hds nsp`ies creihns y jdi uie jdrdie ep`jek hn nsp`ies pnqunões. Ehuktds y i`iaes sn ek`gnitei ni crei pertn hn ke sev`e hnk x`knge (vesds jdihujtdrns hn ecue). Kes i`iaes prdhujni uie snjrnj`úi nspugdse hnitrd hn ke juek sn nsjdihni hn kds hnprnhehdrns. Zn jdidjni pdr sek`vezds d jb`jberr`tes hn ke nspuge. bey uie ni jehe Idrgekgnitn snjrnj`úi hn nspuge. Kdsi`iae ehuktds sunkni tninr jdkdrns epdsnget`jds (ege-
B N G @ ] X N \ E
r`kkd, incrd y rdod) qun `ih`jei su tdx`-
E \ N X ] @
Jb`jberr`te hn ke nspuge
j`heh, s` sdi egniezehds snjrntei cdtes y gek dk`nitns. Hnl`hd e qun nk x`knge t`nin guy pdjd i`trúcn-
G N B Zpbnidrb`ie rulre (K`iienus, 53>2)
id, sunkni lusjer pkeites oehdres
hn i`trúcnid (kncug`idses).
Zupnraeg`k`e Aukcdrd`hne (]keitbdppnrs) Kds aukcdrd`hnds jdidj`hds jdgd pkeitbdppnrs ni `ickàs, sn ek`gnitei hn sev`e nkeldrehe y tegl`ài hn tekkds y bdoes. Ke geydrçe sdi hn pnqunõd tegeõdnkpnrd t`nin ui tegeõd gnh`eid d creihn. Nitrn kdssnrhn crei tegeõd gesekcuid jdidj`hd y nspnjtejuker ns nk gejbeje, ger`pdse p`nitn, ger`pdse kecertd (yejerà) d jelnze hn jejebuntn (pneiut-bnehnh luc) pnrtninjn ek cninrd Aukcdre y t`nin uids 0 jg hn kdic`tuh. Ni ekcuids kucerns hnk Egezdies nstds `isnjtds sdi jdis`hnrehds nrrúinegnitn vninidsds y hn ejunrhd jdi ekcuies knynihes kdjekns s` nrns gdrh`hd pdr uie ger`pdse kecertd gdr`rås e gnids qun tnices rnkej`dins snxuekns hnitrd hn kes 2)
B N G @ ] N X \ E
]tnrdh`jtye rnt`juker`s
(Dk`v`nr, 5305)
Kystre keiete (K`iienus, 53>2)
Zjerek`s vnrs`jdkdr (H`steit, 50=1)
3:
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic Kds jdknúptnrds sdi uid hn kds crupds gås iugnrdsds ni nspnj`ns, y e ke vnz uid hn kds gås nstuh`ehds y ehg`rehds. Jdkdrns hn crei lnkknze, nstrujtures jdgd junrids y geihçlukes adrg`helkns, kug`i`sjnij`es, prdhujj`úi hn sdi`hds y ju`hehd hn sus jrçes6 sdi tei súkd ekcuids nongpkds qun pdhngds j`ter qun etreni `itnràs hn kds ej`diehds y
Gncejnres oesdi` (Aelr`j`us, 533>)
j`nitçjds.
E \ N X ] D N K D J
Kes ekes eitnr`drns hn kds jdknúptnrds sn treisadrgei ni uids nsjuhds hurds hnidg`iehds àk`trds qun adrgei uie jdreze qun prdtncn ke pertn pdstnr`dr hnk túrex, `ijkusd nk sncuihd per hn ekes, y nk elhdgni. Kds jdknúptnrds sn punhni nijditrer ni ke geydrçe hn egl`nitns, `ijkusd ni nk ecue hukjn, euiqun su prnsnij`e ni nk ecue ger`ie ns gçi`ge. Zu ek`gnitej`úi sunkn snr túaece (pkeites) s` l`ni nx`stni gujbds jdknúptnrds prnhehdrns, seprúaecds, injrúaecds d jdprúaecds. Kds jdknúptnrds sdi `isnjtds bdkdgntåldkds. Pe qun nxpnr`gnitei uie gntegdrads`s jdgpknte, jdi nstehds hn kerve, pupe n `gecd (ehuktd) tdtekgnitn h`anrnitns. Ke jelnze hn kds jdknúptnrds ns cninrekgnitn hn t`pd prdcietd, ns hnj`r, nstå h`r`c`he bej`e hnkeitn. Kes eitnies nståi `isnrtehes ni kds kehds hn ke jelnze y sdi guy ver`elkns ni adrge y kdic`tuh, pnrd sunkni tninr jes` s`ngprn 55 ertnods. Kes p`nzes lujekns sdi hn t`pd gest`jehdr, reregnitn nståi gdh`jehes pere elsdrlnr kçqu`hds. Nk túrex jdiste hn trns sncgnitds (prdtúrex, gnsdtúrex y gntetúrex) y t`nin kes ekes y kes petes. Kes ekes gnsdtdråj`jes d eitnr`drns nståi gdh`jehes ni àk`trds, nstrujtures gås d gnids
nihurnj`hes, rçc`hes, id pkncelkns, hnsprdv`stes hn vniej`úi, qun julrni perj`ek d tdtekgnitn kes ekes pdstnr`drns y nk elhdgni y qun jes` s`ngprn sn rnÿini ni ke kçine gnh`e adrgeihd uie reiure rnjte. Kes ekes gntetdråj`jes d pdstnr`drns, jueihd nståi hnserrdkkehes, sdi gnglreidses, pkncehes kdic`tuh`iekgnitn y jes` s`ngprn treisvnrsekgnitn y sdi kes ÿi`jes rnspdiselkns hn ke prdpuks`úi ni vunkd. Kds jdknúptnrds sn rnprdhujni jes` s`ngprn hn geinre snxuek, ke pertnidcàins`s ns nxjnpj`diek. Kes bnglres ng`tni anrdgdies d ng`tni sd-
38
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç i`hds pere etrenr e kds gejbds. Hnspuàs hn ui jdrtd jdrtnod sn prdhujn nk eperneg`nitd. Ke bnglre lusje ui sustretd ehnjuehd pere hnpds`ter kds bunvds y kd prnpere pere qun kes kerves nijunitrni kes gnodrns jdih`j`dins pere su hnserrdkkd.
Aeg`k`e Jerel`hen (Crduih Lnntkns) Zu tegeõd verçe nitrn < y 1= gg. Gujbes nspnj`ns sdi hn jdkdr incrd d gerrúi, s` l`ni sdi arnjunitns kes jdkdrej`dins jdi lr`kkd gntåk`jd (vnrhn, hdrehd d rdo`zd). Kes eitnies sdi cninrekgnitn k`adrgns, kes geihç lukes guy pdhnrdses y kes petes aunrtns y jdrrnhdres. Kds àk`trds
sunkni tninr jdst`kkes, nstrçes, jehnies d puitds ek`inehds. Kds nsjereleods t`crns, j`j`ihnkes d t`cnr lnntkns, t`nini uids dods guy vdkug`idsds y sdi uids prnhehdrns guy åc`kns y råp`hds y teitd kes kerves jdgd kds ehuktds sn ek`gnitei hn dtrds ertrúpdhds n `ivnrtnlrehds Dhditdjbn`ke sp. Aeg`k`e Jnreglyj`hen (Kdicbdri Lnntkns) Hn ui tegeõd nitrn < y 2= gg. ^i crei iÿgnrd hn nspnj`ns hn nste aeg`k`e, t`nini nk junrpd ekercehd y eprdx`gehegnitn j`kçihr`jd. Jdi kes eitnies guy kerces (pere hntnjter anrdgdies e crei h`steij`e y prnj`ser prnj`se r nk nijunitrd hn eglds snxds pere nk eperneg`nitd) `isnrtehes ni uie jev`heh prúx`ge ek dod pdr gnh`d hn ui tulàrjukd, pdr nstn gdt`vd kds dods t`nini adrge err`õdiehe. Nk pr`gnr ertnod hn kes eitnies ns gujbd gås jdrtd qun nk pdstnr`dr. Kds tersds t`nini j`ijd sncgnitds. Nx`stni nspnj`ns idjturies y h`uries (nstes sunkni snr hn ui jdkdr gås kkeget`vd). Kes kerves sn ek`gnitei hn gehnre y pkeites gunrtes. Kds ehuktds sn ek`gnitei hn tno`hds hn pkeites v`ves, pdkni y iàjter iàjt er..
3>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Ejrdj`ius Ejr dj`ius kdic`geiu kdic`geiuss
(K`iienus, 53>2)
J D K N D ] X N \ E
E \ N X ] D N K D J
Drtbdgnces sp.
Nk E. kdic`geius kdic`geius, crei nsjereleod, ns hnidg`iehd erknquçi, pdr su v`stdse jdkdrej`úi (rdod, incrd, rdse y eger`kkd) y h`snõd. Kes petes eitnr`drns sdi gås kerces qun nk prd p`d junrpd ekjeizeihd uie kdic`tuh supnr`dr e 5= jg. Kes bnglres hnpds`tei bunvds ni trdijds kds hn årldkns gunrtds. Kes kerves sn ek`gnitei hn gehnre ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi, nk pnrçdhd kerver`d ns supnr`dr e kds hdjn gnsns gn sns beste kkncer e ehuktd.
Epnle tdcete (Fkuc, 52)
Zpbekkdtr`jbus l`hnis (Aelr`j`us, 52=5)
31
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç
]dkyrbepb`s eicustete (Lucunt, 52>:)
Gejrdpbdre trdjbkner`s (Knpnknt`nr &
Euh`int Znv`kkn `i Ketrn`kkn, 52)
J D K N D ] X N \ E Ztn`restdge ja. cni`ssp`ie Zjbwerznr,
502)
30
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr
Aeg`k`e Xninlr`di`hen (Herfk`ic Lnntkns) Xegeõd hn < e >= gg. Ke geydrçe hn nspnj`ns sdi hn jdkdr incrd d gerrúi. Kes eitnies t`nini idrgekgnitn dijn ertn ods y sdi rnket`vegnitn jdrtes. X`nini j`ijd ertnods ni kds tersds eitnr`drns y gnh`ds y juetrd ni kds pdstnr`drns. Kes eitnies sn `isnrtei leod ui sek`nitn hn ke arnitn. Kds àk`trds prnsnitei usuekgnitn jdst`kkes kdic`tuh`iekns. Gujbes nspnj`ns pdsnni
J D K N D ] X N \ E
E \ N X ] D N K D J
ckåihukes hnanis`ves ni nk elhdgni qun prdhujni snjrnj`dins Xepbrdsdge hdbri` (F`rsjb, 5211) hn ui aunrtn dkdr ejrn qun t`nini t`n ini ui jeråjtnr hn rnpnknitn hnanis`vd. Kerves y ehuktds sn nijunitrei ni crei ver`nheh hn egl`nitns (gehnre gunrte ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi, leod jdrtnzes y p`nhres, ni ke bdoeresje, ntj.). Gujbes Gujbes nspnj`ns sn ek`gnitei hn getnr`e drcåi`je gunrte y dtres hn bdicds, reçjns ntj. ntj .
Aeg`k`e Luprnst`hen (Onwnk Lnntkns) Xegeõd hn 5,> e 1> gg. Junrpd epkeiehd e vnjns dvekehd y ekercehd, jdi nk nxtrngd puit`ecuhd. Hn jdkdrns lr`kkeitns gntåk`jds (ezukns, vnrhns, rdo`zdshnntj.) rnj`lni nk idglrn nsjereleods odye. Kds dods sdi creihns y nitnrds y aektei kds djnkds. Kes eitnies sdi snrrehes y hn dijn ertn ods, ke lesn hnk prdi prdidtd dtd id prnsnite åicukds prdkdicehds y nijeoe pnranj-
Nujbrdge c`ceitne (Hnonei, 52::)
2=
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç tegnitn jdi ke lesn nk`trek. Kds àk`trds julrni tdhd nk elhdgni y kes ekes. Kds tersds sdi tdhd pnitågnrds (j`ijd ertnods). Kes kerves sn ek`gnitei hn gehnre gunrte. Kds ehuktds jdgni sev`e, bdoes y ekcuids bdicds d pdkni. Nk N. c`ceitne ns uid hn kds gås creihns (>-2 jg) y gås jdguins lupràst`hds hn ke snkve egezúi`je. Nstå jerejtnr`zehd pdr sus lr`kkeitns jdkdrns gntåk`jds jdi rnnods rdo`zds y purpÿrnds. Kds bnglres pdini kds
bunvds ni creihns årldkns gunrtds (jn`les nitrn dtrds), kes kerves v`vni ni nk `itnr`dr hnk årldk ek`gnitåihdsn hn gehnre hureitn gås hn hds eõds y punhni ekjeizer beste 5=-5> jg hn tegeõd. E kds ehuktds sn kns sunkn vnr jdrrntner pdr kds trdijds. Ni ekcuids kucerns kds `ihçcnies ut`k`zei kds àk`trds pere bejnr pnih`nitns y vnihnrkds e kds tur`stes. . Aeg`k`e Nketnr`hen (Jk`jf Lnntkns)
X`nin nk junrpd epkeiehd ekcuies vnjns guy ekercehd eke rcehd u dvekehd, jdi nk nxtrngd puit`ecuhd. Kes eitnies sdi hnitehes, k`adrgns d pnjt`iehes
`isnrtes jnrje hn kds dods. Kes kerves bel`tei ni trdijds y årldkns gunrtds gdr`luihds y sn ek`gnitei hn gehnre. Kds ehuktds jdgni jdrtnze t`nrie y bdoes. Jueihd sdi gdknstehds sn hnoei jenr y s` jeni hn nspekhes y erqunei nk junrpd pere elr`r ui gnjei`sgd hn rnsdrtn (qun sn nijunitre ni nk túrex y qun ejuguke ninrcçe jueihd nstå jnrrehd y ke k`lnre jueihd sn elrn) nk juek prdhujn prdh ujn ui sdi`h sdi`hdd jerejtn jerejtnrçst`j rçst`jdd sekteih sekteihdd bej`e bej`e err`l err`lee y vdkv` vdkv`nihd nihd e ke pds`j`úi idrgek. ]dr nste rezúi sdi jdidj`hds jdgd nsjereleods hn rnsdrtn. Nk ]. idjt`jukus ns ui nsjereleod jk`j hn gnids hn trns jnitçgntrds y jdi hds geijb`tes eger`kkes jnrje hnk prdidtd pdr kes qun ng`tn pdr ke idjbn uie jerejtnrçst`je kuz vnrhn pernj`he e kes kuj`àrie-
]yrdpbdrus idjt`kujus (K`iienus, 53>2)
ces. (l`dkug`i`sjnij`e) Ke ng`s`úi hn nste kuz arçe ns jdisnjunij`e hn ke rnejj`úi nitrn ui jdgpunstd quçg`jd ke kuj`anr`ie jdi nk dxçcnid qun he kucer e ke dx`kuj`anr`ie, ke vunkte e su nstehd idrgek hn nstn jdgpunstd he kucer
25
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic e ke ng`s`úi hn kuz. Ke kuz ns ut`k`zehe ut` k`zehe jdgd rnejj`úi eitn egniezes nxtnr`drns. Nstn `isnjtd sn ek`gnite hn pdkni y dtrds pnqunõds `isnjtds.
J D K N D ] N X \ E
E \ N X ] D N K D J
Jbekjdknp`s kujzdt`` ( Jeihnzn, 52>3)
Aeg`k`e Zjerelen`hen (Zjerel Lnntkns) Xegeõd hn < e 55= gg. Junrpd dvekehd e vnjns ekcd ekercehd. Gujbes nspnj`ns t`nini prdtulnreij`es d junrids ni ke jelnze y/d tdrex, ekcuies nspnj`ns ut`k`zei nstes prdtulnreij`es pere kujbes nitrn gejbds pdr jdisncu`r uie bnglre. Zunkni snr hn jdkdr incrd d perhd dlsjurd, iugnrdses nspnj`ns t`nini jdkdrns lr`kkeitns (vnrhn, rdod, ezuk) ekcuids jdi lnkkds rnnods
gntåk`jds. Nstds jdknúptnrds sn jerejtnr`zei pdr tninr kes eitnies kegnkehes, adrgehes pdr dijn ertnods hn kds juekns kds trns ÿkt`gds adrge uie geze keg`ier. Zus petes sdi
]nk`hidte pres`ie (Lurgn`stnr,5288)
2<
Pesuiç Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç hn t`pd jeg`iehdr y nxjevehdr nxjevehdr.. Bey ui crupd iugnrdsd qun v`vn esdj`ehd e kds nxjrngnitds (nspnj`ekgnitn (nspnj`ekgnitn hn gegçanrds) hn kds qun sn ek`gnitei kes kerves y kds ehuktds (nsjereleods pnkdtnrds d Huic Lnntkns). Dtrds v`vni nitrn ke vncntej`úi (túaecds). ]nk`hidte pres`ie pnrtninjn e ke
sulaeg`k`e \utnk`ien, ke k e geydrçe hn g`nglrds hn nste sulaeg`k`e prnsnitei jdkdrns kkeget`vds. Kds ehuktds sdi túaecds (sn ek`gnitei hn bdoes y drns) y kes kerves jdisugni re`j` kkes y vncntej`úi ni prdjnsd hn hnsjdgpds`j`úi.
Gncesdge ejtendi (K`iienus, 53>2)
Gncesdge ejtendi ejtendi ns uid hn kds gås creihns nsjereleods jdidj`hds
hn 3 jg hn eijbd y > e 5< jg hn kercd. Kds gejbds t`nini hds junrids pereknkds jdrtds ni nk prdidtd y dtrd gås kercd ni nk jnitrd hn ke supnrj`n aej`ek. Zunkni snr idjturids y kes kerves v`vni ni creihns trdijds hn gehnre gunrte.
Hyiestns bnrjukns K`iienus, 53>:
Nurystnrius beget`jdkk`s Lektbeser,
50:0
2:
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Nsjereleod jdprúaecd Dxystnridi sp.
Jdknúptnrd jdprúaecd ldsquns pr`ger`ds
J D K N D ] N X \ E
Hnktdjb`kug Hnktdjb `kug jer`ietu jer`ietug g (Snstwddh,
E \ N X ] D N
52:3)
K D J
Jeitbdi kutn`jdkk`s (Nr`jbsdi,5283)
Nsjereleod jdprdaecd
Jyjkdjnpbeke sp.
28
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Aeg`k`e B`stnr`hen Hn tegeõd nitrn 5 y 5= gg. X`nini nk junrpd jdrtd y jdgpejtd, jdi nk tncugnitd guy hurd. Zunkni snr hn adrge dvehe. Hn jdkdr incrd, lr`kkeitn d ezukehd. Kes eitnies sdi jdrtes y ejdhehes jdi uie geze tnrg`iek adrgehe pdr trns ertn ods. Kds àk`trds sdi ges jdrtds qun nk elhdgni. Kes petes sdi jdrtes, rdlustes y nsp`idses. Xeitd Xeitd kerves jdgd ehuktds punhni nijditrersn ni getnr`e drcåi`je ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi, y sn ek`gnitei hn dtrds pnqunõds `isnj-
tds qun v`vni ni nstn gnh`d.
Dxystnrius gex`gus (K`iienus, 5313)
Aeg`k`e Nrdtyk`hen (]knes`ic auicus lnntkns) Zu tegeõd dsj`ke nitrn < y
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Nrdtykus h`kejnretus (F`rsjb, 5231)
J D K N D ] N X \ E
E \ N X ] D N K D J
Nrdtyk`ie gejuk`vnitr`s
Kejdrhe`rn, 528<
Zjepb`hdgdrpbus ldsj`
(Cuàr`i-Gàinv`kkn, 5285)
21
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Aeg`k`e ]essek`hen Hn tegeõd nitrn 5> y >= gg. Hn jdkdr incrd y lr`kkeitn. Àk`trds hn jditdrid pereknkd idrgekgnitn jdi ui h`luod hn surjds pereknkds. Kes eitnies t`nini adrge hn «J¶ jdi uie geze tnrg`iek y kågnkes nxpeih`hes ketnrekgnitn. ]rdtúrex y àk`trds hn ke g`sge eijbure y snperehds pdr uie j`iture eicdste. Geihçlukes aunrtns y h`r`c`hes bej`e hnkeitn. Kerves y ehuktds v`vni ni cru pdss aeg`k`er pd aeg`k`erns ns hnitrd hnitrd hn ceknrç ceknrçes es hn trdijds trdijds gunrt gunrtds. ds. Xeit Xeitdd kes kerves kerves jdgd kds ehuktds ng`tni sdi`hds pere jdgui`jersn d jueihd sdi gdknstehds.
J
Aeg`k`e Nihdgyjb`hen (Beihsdgn auicus lnntkns) Hn : e 2 gg hn tegeõd. ]nqunõds jdknúptnrds, dvekehds y hn jdkdrns v`stdsds y lr`kkeitns (rdod, incrd). Zn pernjni ui pdjd e kds jdjj`iàk`hds y nrdtçk`hds, sn
Jdryidgekus gerc`ietus (Aelr`j`us, 5302)
h`anrnij`ei hn nstds ÿkt`gds pdr su adrg adrguke uke tersek 8-88-8-8. 8. ]rnsnitei nk prdidtd nxjevehd ni kds kehds. Ke geydrçe v`vni leod jdrtnzes, gehnre ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi y bdicds. Zdi g`júaecds (sn ek`gnitei hn bdicds).
23
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic Kds knp`húptnrds sn nijunitrei nitrn kds `isnjtds gås pdpukerns y
v`stdsds, `ijkuyni kes ger`pdses h`uries «Luttnr`ns¶ y kes ger`pdses
idjturies «Gdtbs¶. Zn trete hn `isnjtds jdi hds perns hn ekes jul`nrtes hn nsjeges y pnkds. Kes nsjeges nsje ges sdi ni rnek`heh pnkds gdh`jehds ni adrge
hn sejds epkeiehds y vejçds, cninrekgnitn rnkknids hn p`cgnitds qun kn hei nk jdkdr e kes ekes. Nk eperetd lujek ns hn jeråjtnr jbupehdr. Cninrekgnitn t`nini uie trdgpe jbupehdre d nsp`r`trdgpe qun sn use pere jbuper nk iàjter hn kes drns. Jueihd id sn use,
sn nirdkke ni nsp`rek y
E
qunhehnhnleod hn keyje lnze ke ger`pdse hn hn equç prdv`nin nk idglrn hn nsp`r`trdgpe. Nk túrex gunstre kds
D K N D ] X N \ E
\ N X ] D H @ ] N K
sncgnitds tçp`jds hn kds `isnjtds bnxåpdhds, jdi kes ekes ni gnsdtúrex y nk gntetúrex. Nk prdtúrex ns pnqunõd. Kes ekes supnrj`n rnprnsnitei ke geydr
Gdrpbd bnknidr Jregnr, 5331
v`s`lkn y jdi arnjunij`e gunstrei petrdins d jdgl`iej`úi hn jdkdrns qun eyuhei ek rnjdidj`g`nitd nspnjçjd hn kes nspnj`ns.
X`nini kds dods jdgpunstds y trns perns hn petes. ]unhn belnr úrceids rnjnptdrns hn sdi`hds ek túrex, elhdgni d lesn hn kes ekes. Xegl`ài punhn belnr gdh`jej`dins qun pnrg`tni ke k e h`aus`úi hn dkdrns d anrdgd ies, eihrdjdi`ds d p`ijnkns hn nsjeges p`k`adrgns esdj`ehds e ckåihukes. Nk elhdgni jdiste hn h`nz sncgnitds, hn kds juekns kds s`ntn u djbd pr`gnrds t`nini uie nstrujture tçp`je, g`nitres qun kds pdstnr`drns ek djtevd hnpnihni hnk snxd, nståi gdh`jehds pere `itncrersn ni ke pertn hnk
eperetd cni`tek nxtnrid d cni`tek`e. Kds bunvds t`nini nk g`jrúp`kd ni nk pdkd eitnr`dr y ni ke geydr pertn hn kds jesds nståi oehds ek sustretd pdr nk nxtrngd pdstnr`dr d lesn. Ni ke
aesn kerve d druce, nk `isnjtd gunstre trns perns hn petes vnrhehnres. Hn adrge pdpuker sn jkes`jei kes ger`pdses ni h`uries y idjturies,
hnpnih`nihd pr`ij`pekgnitn hn jueihd rnek`zei su ejt`v`heh. Jdgd jerejtnrçst`jes pr`ij`pekns pere h`st`icu`rkes, tningds ke h`spds`j`úi hn kes
22
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç ekes qun ni nk jesd hn kes idjturies jueihd nståi ni rnpdsd pk`ncei kes ekes bdr`zditekgnitn ni adrge hn tr`åicukd y prnsnitei eitnies hn adrges guy ver`ehes, k`adrgns, pkugdses, pnjt`iehes ntj. ]dr kd qun rnspnte e kes
ger`pdses h`uries, jueihd nståi ni rnpdsd geit`nin kes ekes ni pds`j`úi vnrt`jek y t`nini kes eitnies ni adrge hn geze. Kds knp`húptnrds sdi `isnjtds bdkdgntåldkds tçp`jds, pesei pdr kes aesns hn bunvd, kerve, jr`såk`he y ehuktd. Kes kerves jdi ekcuies nxjnpj`dins, sdi túaeces gås arnjunitngnitn nspnj`ek`zehes ni uie pkeite jdijrnte (gdidaec`e), s` l`ni tegl`ài bey nspnj`ek`zehes ni uies pdjes pkeites (dkdcdaecçee) d l`ni cninrek`stes (pdk`aec`e). ehuktds pdr g`inrekns gnh`d hn ke hn u`hds, iàjter, iàjter, Kds ecue, oucdssn hnek`gnitei arutds, sekns hnnsp`r`trdgpe zdies nijberjehes
aeicdses ntj. Kds ehuktds t`nini ui `gpdrteitn pepnk pdk`i`zehdr. E h`anrnij`e hn kes ger`pdses hn kes rnc`dins tngpkehes, kes trdp`jekns, ni cninrek, t`nini gås h`vnrs`jehes kes aunitns hn ek`gnitej`úi. Auihegnitekgnitn bey hds creihns crupds pdr kd qun sn rnnrn e kds rn-
K N
qunr`g`nitds iutr`j`diekns hn kds knp`húptnrds, ni pr`gnr kucer nståi kes ger`pdses qun sn ek`gnitei hn iàjter qun `ijkuyn e ke geydrçe ge ydrçe hn nspnj`ns ehuktes hn kes aeg`k`es ]ep`k`di`hen, ]`nr`hen, Kyjeni`hen, \`dh`i`hen y ekcuids crupds hn Iygpbek`hen. ]dr dtrd kehd, nx`stn ui sncuihd crupd hn nspnj`ns juyds ehuktds sn ek`gnitei hn kds oucds hn arutes guy gehures qun pnrtninjni e kes sulaeg`k`es hn i`iaåk`hds jdgd sdi? Jberex`ien, Gdrpb`ien, Lressdk`ien, Zetyr`ien y ekcuids càinrds hn Iygpbek`hen (Hn Qr`ns, 5022). ]dr dtre pertn bey uie h`str`luj`úi hn jdgui`hehns hn ger`pdses hnshn nk hdsnk erlúrnd beste ke zdie erlust`ve hn ke lesn, hn tek adrge qun ekrnhnhdr hn ui % hn kes nspnj`ns v`vni ni kes ardihdses jd pes hn kds årldkns hn kds ldsquns trdp`jekns hnk Njuehdr (Hn Qr`ns, Qr`ns, 50226 Hnvr`ns nt ek., 5000, )
Ger`pdses hn gnh`eid tegeõd hn > e 1 jg hn nivnrcehure y t`nini ui gerjehd h`gdrsgd. Kds gejbds t`nini nk eivnrsd hn kes ekes hn ui
K N ] @
v`stdsd jdkdr iereioe g`nitres qun kes bnglres t`nini ui jdkdr gås påk`hd nitrn nk lkeijd y nk eger`kkd. Zn ek`gnitei hn iàjter y kds gejbds sn punhni jdijnitrer ni crei iÿgnrd pere elsdrlnr kds kçqu`hds qun jdit`nini g`inrekns ni kes jberjes hn lerrd y lerres hn ernie ni ke jnrjeiçe hn kds rçds. Nspnj`n indtrdp`jek aunrtn jeråjtnr tekldsquns geinre qun sn kes punhn dlsnrverjdi ni ui h`anrnitns bål`tetsg`cretdr`d, `ijkuynihdhnkds trdp`jekns pr`ger`ds y snjuiher`ds. Nspnj`n indtrdp`jek hn tegeõd gnh`eid, nk rnvnrsd hn kes ekes ns hn jdkdr eger`kkd k`gúi, jdi kçine gnh`ek kdic`tuh`iek perhe. Nspnj`n g`crehdre hn vunkd v`cdrdsd y rnjtd, sn nijunitre ni h`anrnitns bål`tets. Kds gejbds sn sunkni rnui`r ni creihns jdijnitrej`dins ni lerres hn ernie y zdies nijberjehes pere elsdr lnr nk ecue ecue qun jdit`nin jdit`nin \belhdhryes tr`tn (K`iienus, 53>2) sekns g`inrekns.
0>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aegçk`e Iygpbek`hen Ger`pdses guy ver`elkns ni tegeõd (hn 5,> e 5> jg), adrge y jdkdrns, su pr`ij`pek rescd h`st`it`vd ns qun sdkegnitn t`nini juetrd petes auij`diekns. Nk pr`gnr per hn petes ns guy rnhuj`hd y geitni`hd jditre ke jere. . Zulaeg`k`e Iygpbek`ien Ke geydrçe hn tegeõd creihn, vunkd guy pdtnitn, ekcuies nspnj`ns prnsnitei ui jdkdr`hd nspnjtejuker g`nitres qun dtres gunstrei prnhdg`i`d hn kds jdkdrns eiereioehds.
E \ N
Ger`pdse hn h`str`luj`úi indtrdp`jek, hn tegeõd gnh`eid jdi uie nivnrcehure hn eprdx`gehegnitn 8 jg. Nk jdkdr lesn hn kes ekes ns gerrúi dsjurd d incrd y cninrekgnitn
H D ] X N \ E
X ] D H @ ] N K
pdsnn trns creihns puitds rdods ul`jehds jnrje hn ke lesn `ianr`dr hn kes ekes. Kds gejbds t`nini uie jdkdrej`úi rdoe, g`nitres quncreihns kes bnglres sdi k`cnregnitn gås y hn Eiert`e egetbne (K`iienus, 53>2) jdkdrej`úi iereioe. Nste ger`pdse sn sunkn dlsnrver ni bål`tets pnrturlehds eitrúp`jegnitn jdgd oerh`ins, jkerds hn ldsquns, bunrtes, ldrhns hn jeg`ids, jegpds y pestds. Xegl`ài sn nijunitre ni nk ldsqun pr`ger`d, e kd kercd hn r`lnres hn kds rçds y ni kds jkerds. Lendtus en`kus (Ztdkk, 532=)
Nspnj`n kds gårcnins ekernsindtrdp`jek anstdinehdsjdi y puit`ecuhes jdkes ni kes ekes pdstnr`drns. Nk rnvnrsd hn kes ekes ns hn adihd lkeijd sdlrn nk qun sn h`luoe ui gdse`jd hn gejbes incres. Kds gejbds t`nini leihes hn ezuk `r`h`sjnitn ni nk eivnrsd hn kes ekes.
01
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Zn nijunitrei ni ldsquns pr`ger`ds, sunknidlsnrver ejuh`r e ni keskes arutes ni hnsjdg pds`j`úi y kds gejbds e vnjns sn kns sunkn lerres hn ernie d kes jberjes hn aeicd jnrje hn kes r`lnres hn kds rçds ni lusje hn sekns g`inrekns. Jdkdlure eiiukete (S`kgdt,
Jdisteit`id &
Bekk, 2)
Ekcuies nspnj`ns hn Nr Nrns`e ns`e jdgd N. jk`d sdi hn jdkdr incrd jdi leihes lkeijes. Ke geydrçe hn nspnj`ns hn Nrns` Nrns`e e t`nini h`luoehes leihes hn jdkdr incrd y iereioe ni ke supnrj`n
hn kes ekes, nstn h`luod he kucer e qun beye ui g`gnt`sgd hn t`pd letns`eid jdi kes túx`jes nspnj`ns hn ke sulaeg`k`e @tbdg`ien. Kds ehuktds hn N. jk`d sn ek`gnitei hn iàjter y sunkni vnrsn ni sekehnrds, lerres hn ernie y zdies nijberjehes jnrje hn kds rçds pere elsdrlnr sekns g`inrekns. B`stdr`s dh`us ns uie ger`pdse hn tegeõd gnh`eid e creihn (nivnrcehure eker 5= e 5> jg). Ni ke supnrj`n hn kes ekes eitnr`drns t`nin uie
crei geijbe hn jdkdr iereioe sdlrn ui adihd incruzjd. Nk rnvnrsd hn kes
03
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
E \ N X
B`stdr`s dh`us (Aelr`j`us, 533>)
ekes ns hn gerrúi g`gàt`jd. Zn jdkdr ek`gnitei hn arutds gehurds. Egpk`egnitn h`str`lu`he hnshn nk sur hn Nstehds ^i`hds ek idrtn hn Ercnit`ie. Nspnj`n adrnstek, sunkni nijditresn `ih`v`huds sdk`ter`ds. Jueihd nstå ni pds`j`úi hn rnpdsd kes ekes sn geit`nini nrnjtes. ]ds` lkngnitn ke elnrture rnpnit`rnpnit`ie hn kes ekes qun gunstre ke lr`kkeitn geijbe iereioe s`rs`rve hn ev`sd pere kds hnprnhehdrns, pdr su nanjtd sdrprnse y pdrqun qu`zås jdgd ye sn jdidjn nk jdkdr iereioe ns ui `ih`jehdr hn tdx`j`heh.
D ] X \ N E
] D H @ ] N K
Gntegdrpbe nk`sse (Bûlinr, 5250)
Nspnj`n guy prúx`ge e Zp`rdnte stnknins, ke supnrj`n
hn kes ekes eitnr`drns y kes pdstnr`drns ns hn jdkdr gerrúi jdi uie egpk`e leihe lkeije. Ni ke supnrj`n `ianr`dr hn kes ekes bey
egpk`es zdies lkeijes rdhnehes hn uie leihe iereioe y hn jdkdr gerrúi. Qunke ni nspej`ds el`nrtds. Kds gejbds e gniuhd vei e lnlnr sekns g`inrekns ni zdies bÿgnhes d nijberjehes. Zp`rdnte stnknins (K`iienus, 53>2)
02
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç Ke gekequ`te t`nin creihns ekes (2-5= jg) qun sdi hn jdkdr incrd y lr`kkeitn jdkdr vnrhn d eger`kkd-vnrhdsd ni nk eivnrsd y hn jdkdr gerrúi gerrúi y vnrhn dk`ve ni nk rnvnrsd. Ns uie nspnj`n jdgÿi qun ke pdhngds nijditrer ni ldsquns pnrturlehds pnrturlehds y jkerds hn ldsquns. ldsquns. Zn ek`gnite hn iàjter, iàjter, oucds hn arutes ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi, nxjrngnitds hn gurj`àkecd, ntj.
Zulaeg`k`e Bnk`jdi``ien Kds bnk`júi`hds prnsnitns sdkegnitn ni nk indtrúp`jd, sdi jdidj`hds jdkdqu`ekgnitn jdgd «kdicw`ics¶ ye qun sn jerejtnr`zei pdr tninr kes ekes ekercehes y ui vunkd hn vnkdj`heh gdhnrehe jdgl`ieihd nk ekntnd jdi ui vunkd pkeinehd. ]dsnni kerces y hnkcehes eitnies ni uie hnserrdkkehe jelnze jdi dods creihns. Nstes ger`pdses sdi tegl`ài jdidj`hes jdgd ger`pdses hn ke pes`úi, tàrg`id rnanr`hd e ke pkeite buàspnh hn sus druces ke ]ess`dre, càinrd qun t`nin >8= nspnj`ns y qun sn jerejtnr`ze pdr ui crei jditni`hd ni susteij`es túx`jes `ijkuynihd ` ijkuynihd ckujús`hds j`eidcài`jds. Kds bnk`júi`hds prnsnitei ui crei iÿgnrd hn nongpkds hn jdnvdkuj`úi jdi su pkeite buàspnh ( ]ess`dre ]ess`dre) ke juek be nvdkuj`diehd heihd kucer e
K N ] @ H
uie crei ver`nheh hn hnanises açs`jes y quçg`jes nspnj`ekgnitn jditre ke bnrl`vdrçe. Xdhes kes nspnj`ns hn bnk`júi`hds sdi túx`jes y t`nini jdkdrns epdsngåt`jds y ui g`gnt`sgd gukknr`eid (nspnj`ns (nspnj`n s jdi jdkdrns y h`snõds ekernsNkguy s`g`kerns y tdhes vninidses). càinrd Keperus jdgprnihn uie sdke nspnj`n K. hdr`s. Nste nspnj`n sn prnsnite ni ver`es adrges y jdkdrns, ni tdhes nkkes nk jdkdr hn adihd ns incrd jdi uies leihes jdkdr lkeiqunj`id d jrnge ni kes ekes eitnr`drns. Ni ke lesn`rrehn kes ekes pdstnr`drns h`ei uie snr`n hn kçines qun punhni ver`er ni jd Keperus hdr`s (K`iienus, 5335) kdr (ezuk, rdod, iereioe d jdkdr jrnge dsjurd). Ns uie nspnj`n jdgÿi qun sn nijunitre nitrn Gàx`jd y Ldk`v`e. Zn ke sunkn nijditrer rnvdkdtneihd nitrn kds erlustds dr`hds ( Keiteie sp.) ni jkerds
00
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
E \ N X ]
y ni kds njdtdids hnk ldsqun. Kds gejbds arnjunitngnitn vei e zdies nglerrehes e elsdrlnr g`inrekns. Nk càinrd ]b`kentr`e nstå adrgehd pdr s`ntn nspnj`ns. ]b`kentbr`e h`hd nste jdis`hnrehe uie hn kes ges lnkkes ger`pdses indtrd p`jekns. Z` l`ni id ns rere, pdjes vnjns sn kn dlsnrve hnl`hd e qun pese ke geydr pertn hn su v`he ni nk hdsnk hnk ldsqun trdp`jek. E s`gpkn v`ste puh`nre jdiauih`rsn nste nspnj`n jdi ke gekequ`te (Zp`rdnte stnknins), ke juek jdse pdhrçe etr`lu`rsn e ui g`gnt`sgd ]b`kentbr`e h`hd (K`iienus, 531:) hn t`pd letns`eid (ni nstn jesd ke gekequ`te `g`te kds jdkdrns pere pernjnr vninidse) s`i nglercd, nglercd, sus bål`tets sdi h`anrnitns euiqun punhni jd`ij`h`r ni ekcuies zdies. ]b`kentbr`e h`hd sn nijunitre h`str`lu`he nitrn
D ] X \ N E
D H @ ] N K
Gàx`jd y nk sur hn ke Egezdi`e. Kes bnglres djes`diekgnitn leoei hn kes jdpes pkeineihd sdlrn kes drns hn ]ess`dre hn ]ess`dre. Kds gejbds e vnjns sn dlsnrvei elsdrl`nihd g`inrekns ni kes jberjes hn lerrd. Hryes `uk`e (Aelr`j`us, 533>)
Nspnj`n hn tegeõd gnh`d jdi kes ekes ekercehes (nivnrcehure nitrn 2 y 0 jg). Kds gejbds t`nini kes ekes hn jdkdr lr`kkeitn iereioe, ni ke supnrj`n
hn kes pdstnr`drns t`nin ui nstrnjbd gercni hn jdkdr incrd. Kds gejbds v`s`tei leijds hn ernie y zdies nijberjehes jnrje hn kds rçds pere elsdrlnr g`inrekns, «puhhk`ic¶ pdr nk ldglnd jdisteitn hn ecue qun ktrei, nste ecue ktrehe e gniuhd ns errdoehe iunvegnitn ek sn h`gnitd pere h`sdkvnr g`inrekns qun sdi iunvegnitn rnelsdrl`hds. Nstds rns`huds g`inrekns sdi pesehds e kes bnglres e trevàs hnk nspnrgetúadrd hureitn ke jdpukej`úi. Nste nspnj`n sn sunkn dlsnrver elsdrl`nihd kçqu`hd ni kds ldrhns hn kds dods hn kes tdrtuces jberepes y je`geins.
5==
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Ecreuk`s vei`kken (K`iienus, 53>2)
Ns uie ger`pdse hn tegeõd gnh`d jdi kes ekes nkdicehes (1 e 0,> jg hn nivnrcehure), sdi h`gúrjes (kes bnglres sdi hn geydr tegeõd qun kds gejbds). Ke supnrj`n hn kes ekes ns hn jdkdr iereioe lr`kkeitn jdi ger -
jes incres. Nk rnvnrsd hn kes ekes sdi hn jdkdr ln`cn, jdi creihns geijbes pketnehes. pketne hes. Zunkni Zunkni dlsnrver dlsnrversn sn ni kds perquns perquns y oerh`ins, oerh`ins, esç jdgd jdgd ni jegpd el`nrtd.
K N ] @ H D
Bnk`jdi`us sere (Aelr`j`us, 530:)
Nk càinrd Bnk`jdi`us adrge pertn hn uid hn kds jkås`jds s`stnges nstuh`ehds ni ke l`dkdcçe nvdkut`ve y su epdrtej`úi ek nitnih`g`nitd hn ke nvdkuj`úi be s`hd hntnrg`ieitn, ni nk k`lrd hn Jbr`s H. O`cc`is (2)
Ke gdierje ns uie hn kes ger`pdses gås jdidj`hes y aegdses ui`vnrsekgnitn pdr kes creihns g`crej`dins qun rnek`ze hnshn Jeiehå y nk idrtn hn Nstehds ^i`hds beste Gàx`jd pere `ivnrier. Z`i nglercd bey pdlkej`dins rns`hnitns id g`cretdr`es ni h`vnrses pertns hnk guihd, nitrn nkkes Zuhegàr`je hdihn punhn nijditrersn ni kds ldsquns trdp`jekns ektnrehds pdr nk bdglrn. Ns guy aåj`k hn rnjdidjnr pdr su h`snõd lesehd ni kçines y gejbes hn jdkdr iereioe, incrd y lkeijd, jdkdrns epdsngåt`jds qun `ih`jei su tdx`j`heh. Ns hn tegeõd gnh`eid nitrn 2= y 5== gg hn nivnrcehure.
Zulaeg`k`e Gdrpb`ien Jek`cd nupbdrles
K N ] @ H D ]
Kes ger`pdses lÿbd sdi aåj`kns hn `hnit`jer
pdr su crei tegeõd (punhni supnrer kds )
Jek`cd `hdgninus (K`iienus, 53>2)
X N \ E
H @ ] N K Jek`cd `kk`dinus (Jregnr,
533>)
Gdrpbd bnknidr (Jregnr,
5331)
Kes nspnj`ns hnk cninrd Gdrpbd sdi hn kes gås lnkkes y jdidj`hes ger`pdses hn kes snkves trdp`jekns hn Zuhegàr`je. Zu nrråt`jd nrråt` jd vunkd dihukeitn e leoe d gnh`e ekture rnjdrr`nihd snihnrds hn ke snkve d petrukkeihd ni kds gårcnins hn kds rçds y ke `r`h`sjnitn supnrj`n ezuk gntåk`jd hn ke supnrj`n hnk hdrsd hn kes ekes (kds jdkdrns gntåk`jds sdi jdkdrns nstruj turekns hnl`hd e qun rnnoei hntnrg`iehes kdic`tuhns hn dihe nk`g`ieihd nk rnstd) ni jditrestn jdi nk jdkdr dsjurd hn rnvnrsd eker he kucer e esbns
qun prdvdjei jdiaus`úi ni sus pnrsncu`hdrns. Kes nspnj`ns Gdrpbd bnknidr y G. ejb`kkns sn jerejtnr`zei pdr snr hdrsekgnitn incres jdi uie eijbe areioe ezuk lr`kkeitn y pdr kds ei`kkds
5=8
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç jdijàitr`jds hn jdkdr lkeijd, eger`kkd y rdods kds juekns adrgei kds djnkds prnsnitns ni ke supnrj`n `ianr`dr hn kes ekes
pdstnr`drns qun t`nini ui adihd dsjurd vnrhdsd. Zn ek`gnitei hn arutds ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi, sev`e hn årldkns årldkns d nxjrngnitds. Idrgekgnitn sdi gås ejt`ves pdr ke geõeie6 kes terhns kes hnh`jei e jdgnr d rnpdser ni ke pniuglre hnk ldsqun. Gdrpbd ejb`kkns (K`iienus, 53>2)
Zulaeg`k`e L`lk`h`ien Nui`je idr`je (Bnw`tsdi, 52>)
Nste ger`pdse sn jerejtnr`ze pdr tninr egpk`es nxtnis`dins hn jdkdr
lkeijd lkeij d ni ke supnr supnrj`n j`n `ianr `ianr`dr `dr eker
rdhnehes hn ei`kkds hn nstrnjbes kçines rdoes. Ke jere supnr`dr t`nin supnrj`n
lkeije rdhnehe lkeije rdhnehe hn egpk`es egpk`es leihes leihes hn jdkdr incrd. Ger`pdse jerejtnrçst`je hn ke snkve trdp`jek qun pdhngds ni-
5=>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic jditrer ni nk sunkd hn leijds hn ernie d zdies nijberjehes hnk ldsqun elsdrl`nihd sekns g`inrekns. Jetdinpbnkn ejdit`us K`iienus,
5335
Ger`pdse hn tegeõd gnh`eid gnh`eid (1> e 2= gg). Kds gejbds sdi hn jdkdr gerrúi dsjurd. Ni ke supnrj`n hdrsek t`nini uie leihe hn jdkdr iereioe lr`kkeitn. Kes bnglres sdi guy h`anrnitns jdi ver`es kçines hn puitds jdkdr jrnge ni ke supnrj`n hn
kes ekes. Nspnj`n qun sn h`str`luyn pdr kds ldsquns indtrdp`jekns. Eglds snxds sdi etreçhds pdr kes arutes ni hnsjdgpds`j`úi. Kds gejbds sunkni ejuh`r e elsdrlnr g`inrekns ni kes jberjes hn aeicd.
E \ N X ] D
Begehryes egpb`idgn
(K`iienus,
5313)
Ger`pdse hn tegeõd gnh`eid
X N \ E
H @ ]
(3> e 2> gg hn nivnrcehure), sn jdidjni )
Nk càinrd Estreptns sn jerejtnr`ze pdr tninr kes ekes hn jdkdr gerrúi-jbdjdketn. Ke geydrçe hn kes nspnj`ns t`nini uie leihe h`ecdiek b`ek`ie ni nk eke eitnr`dr trns Ni puitds b`ek`ids jnrje hnk yåpnx. ke geydrçe hn kes nspnj`ns jelnze, túrex, elhdgni y lesn hn kes ekes nståi jul`nrtds jdi nsjeges rnkuj`nitns hn jdkdr ezuk-vnrhdsd gntek`zehd.
55>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic Zn ek`gnitei hn nxjrngnitds hn evn qun h`sunkvni prnv`egnitn jdi cdtes hnk nxuhehd hnk elhdgni y esç pdstnr`drgnitn pdhnr elsdrlnr kes sekns g`inrekns y getnr`e drcåi`je.
Estreptns epestus (Jregnr,5333)
E \ N X ] D H @ ] N
^rleius tnknus (Bûlinr, 52)
Idrepn i`crdv`idse (Hrujn, 50=1)
Aeg`k`e Jregl`hen
K N ] @ H D ] X N \ E
Knp`húptnrds hn pnqunõd tegeõd, kds pekpds sdlrnsekni hn ke jelnze, iugnrdses nspnj`ns sdi hn jdkdr peoe y ni rnpdsd nivunkvni ek elhdgni, elhdgni, bnjbd qun kns bejn pråjt`jegnitn `iv`s`lkns jueihd sn h`spdini hn adrge vnrt`jek ni cregçines.
H`pbei`e i`t`hek`s (Ztdkk, 5325)
Esturdhns Esturd hns glr`eurek`s (Cuniàn, 52>8)
550
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic H`pbei`e byek`iete (K`iienus, 5313)
Hnsg`e leoekek`s (Cuniàn, 52>8)
E \ N X ] D H @ ] N
Z`ce k`r`s (Jregnr,
533>)
Zyiceg`e sp.
K
Aeg`k`e Kes`djegp`hen Aeg`k`e hn knp`húptnrds jdsgdpdk`te, kes kerves usuekgnitn sdi pnkuhes y lr`kkeitngnitn jdkdrnehes, ekcuies v`vni hn adrge crncer`e ni i`hds hn snhe. Kds ehuktds t`nini ui junrpd rdlustd, e gniuhd pnkuhd y kes ekes egpk`es y hn jdkdr epecehd, jdi ke nsp`r`trdgpe etrdehe. Nuckypb`s eaa lreceize (Zjbeus, 520.=== nspnj`ns e i`vnk guih`ek, t`nini uie crei h`vnrs`heh hn tegeõd, jdkdr y bål`tet, s` l`ni ke geydrçe t`nini jdkdrns jrçpt`jds. Zdi hn ejt`v`heh idjturie (nk idglrn hn ke aeg`k`e prdv`nin hn idjturid). Espnjtd ni cninrek rdlustd y p`kdsd. X`nini kds úrceids t`gpåi`jds ni nk túrex. Nk elhdgni nst`k`zehd y hn ui sdkd jdkdr. Kes eitnies k`adrgns y ni ekcuids gejbds pnjt`iehes. Kes ekes eitnr`drns
sdi kerces y nstrnjbes, jdi h`snõds jrçpt`jds, kes pdstnr`drns rnhdihnehes gås jkeres. Qunkd råp`hd y rnjt`kçind.
Aeg`k`e Idtdhdit`hen
K N ] @ H D ] X N \ E
Knp`húptnrds hn tegeõd gnh`d, jdkdrej`úi jrçpt`je y ejt`v`heh idjturie. X`nini ke nsp`r`trdgpe etrdehe, nk junrpd crunsd y
jdi eluiheitn p`kds`heh, ke juek sdlrn nk túrex, adrge uie jrnste jerejtnrçst`je («idtds¶ nspekhe, «dhdis¶ Ni rnpdsd pk`ncei kes h`nitn). ekes ni adrge hn tnoehd. ]bendjbkenie kegpre
]rdut, 5052)
5::
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
E \ N X ] D H @ ] N K
Jnrdjtnie egyite (Ztdkk, 532-3 jg hn ekture y 8-> jg hn eijbd. ]ere ke auihej`úi hn iunves jdkdi`es nstes elnoes treispdrtei ek`gnitd y getnr`ekns pere kes pr`gnres jdistrujj`dins. Aeg`k`e Jrelrdi`hen Xrypdxykdi sp.
Nstn càinrd ev`spe jezehdre hn ereões (Zp`hnr-buit`ic wesp) jdgprnihn ui crei iÿgnrd hn
nspnj`ns qun sn jerejtnr`zei pdr jdistru`r i`hds hn aeicd ni årldkns y `iarenstrujture bugeie.
Aeg`k`e Qnsp`hen Ke aeg`k`e Qnsp`hen Qnsp`hen `ijkuyn h`anrnitns crupds hn ev`spes, ke k e geydrçe hn kes nspnj`ns t`nini ui ecu`oúi qun ut`k`zei pere perek`zer sus prnses (cninrekgnitn kerves hn `isnjtds) d l`ni jdgd erge hnanis`ve jditre vnrtnlrehds qun sn ejnrjei e su i`hd, nitrn kes juekns nste ke sulaeg`k`e ]dk`st`ien jdidj`hes jdgd ev`spes pepnknres (pepnr wesps), nste aeg`k`e ns
5:2
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç nspnj`ekgnitn h`vnrse ni Zuhegàr`je jdi ekrnhnhdr hn >>= nspnj`ns. Zn jerejtnr`zei pdr snr `isnjtds nusdj`ekns (adrgehds pdr jestes rn`ies, rn` ies, dlrnres y gejbds) y qun jdistruyni i`hds hn pepnk bnjbds e pert`r hn gest`jer lres gehnre. Kes nspnj`ns hnk càinrd ]dkyl`e bejni creihns i`hds jdi uid d ver`ds i`vnkns hn jnkhes6 nstds sdi jdistru`hds pdr ui nioeglrn hn dlrnres y rn`ies qun eleihdiei su jdkdi`e getnriek pere ngpnzer uie iunve jdkdi`e. Nstds i`hds t`nini ver`es rn`ies.
B P G N I D ] X N \ E
H`anrnitns i`hds hn ev`spes pepnknres. Err`le e ke `zqu`nrhe ]dkyl`e djj`hnitek`s (Dk`v`nr, 5305) y e ke hnrnjbe Eic`dpdkyl`e ja pekknis (Knpnknt`nr (Knpnknt`nr,, 52:1)
5:0
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic ]dkyl`e l`str`ete (Aelr`j`us, 52=8)
I`hd ni nk nivàs hn uie bdoe. bdoe.
E \ N X ] D I N G P B
Zyidnje ns ui càinrd hn ev`spe
nusdj`ek nijditrehd ni kds ldsquns trdp`jekns hn Zuhegàr`je jdidj`he pdr su ecrns`vd jdgpdrteg`nitd y su hdkdrdse p`jehure jueihd vni egniezehd su i`hd. Ekcuies nspnj`ns jdistruyni ui s`gpkn i`hd ni I`hd hn Zyidnje nk trdijd hnk årldk guy jerejtnrçst`jd qun t`nin adrge hn ergeh`kkd (pdr nste rezúi sn jdidjn jdgd «ergeh`kkd wesp¶). Nstes ev`spes jdistruyni ui iunvd i`hd jueihd ui nioeglrn hn ev`spes adrgehd pdr uie rn`ie y ekcuies treleoehdres eleihdie e leihdie nk i`hd pere adrger adrger uie uie iunve jdkdi`e. Ke rn`ie ut`k`ze anrdgdies pere supr`g`r supr`g`r nk jdgpdrteg`nitd rnprdhujt`vd hn kes treleoehdres. Jueihd uie rn`ie gun-
rn ns sust`tu`he pdr dtre6 kes jdkdi`es punhni hurer gås hn h`nj`sà`s eõds. Jbertnrc`ius aukvus (Adx, 50=8)
Nste pnqunõe ev`spe sn jerejtnr`ze pdr jdistru`r i`hds hn pepnk jdi uie guy pnjuk`er adrge hn nstrnkke. ]ernjn snr qun nste nspnj`n ve k`cehe e e kds årldkns hnk càinrd Jnjrdp`e. Dtre jerejtnrçst`je guy jur`dse ns nk usd hn jdgpdinitns hn kds kçqunins pere
58=
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç bejnr kes geijbes lkeijes qun t`nini kds i`hds y qun prdhujni ui nanjtd h`srupt`vd y hn jegueon.
Aeg`k`e Gut`kk`hen Kds gutçk`hds (Gut`kk`hen) sdi uie aeg`k`e hn b`gniúptnrds vnspd`hnds jdidj`hds vukcergnitn jdgd bdrg`ces hn ankpe u bdrg`ces etnrj`dpnkehes ni `ickàs «Qnkvnt eits¶, juyes bnglres jernjni hn ekes y sn esngnoei e kes bdrg`ces. Nk idglrn jdgÿi sn rnnrn e qun nståi jul`nrtes
hn vnkkds`heh qun punhn snr rdoe, incre, lkeije, pketnehe d hdrehe X`nini uie p`jehure nxtrngehegnitn hdkdrdse. Jdgd ni tdhds kds dtrds b`gniúptnrds, súkd kes bnglres t`nini ecu`oúi y punhni p`jer. Jdgd ni dtres ev`spes punhni p`jer rnpnt`hegnitn.
Gutçk`hd
Nk gejbd vunke lusjeihd bnglres. Hnspuàs hnk epernd ke bnglre lusje nk i`hd hn ui `isnjtd (cninrekgnitn uie ev`spe d
B P G N I D ] X N \ E
elnoe sdk`ter`e). Jueihd kd nijunitre hnpds`te sus bun Bdpkdgut`kke sp. vds jnrje hn ke kerve d pupe. Ke kerve gutçk`he sn hnserrdkke jdgd ui njtdperes`td`hn, ns hnj`r qun sn ek`gnite hnk buàspnh nxtnr`drgnitn y iekgnitn tnrg`ie pdr geterkd.
Aegçk`e Adrg`j`hen Jdi gås hn 5== g`kkdins hn eõds hn b`stdr`e, sn ul`jei nitrn kes adrges v`v`nitns prnpdihnreitns hnitrd hn ke h`iåg`je hn kds ldsquns trdp`-
585
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
E \ N X ] D I N G P B
jekns. Zu vnkdz jepej`heh hn eheptej`úi e iunvds bål`tets, h`spnrs`úi hn sng`kkes, rnj`jkeon hn getnr`ek drcåi`jd y gutuek`sgds jdi crei ver`nheh hn pkeites, sugehd e su ektçs`ge eluiheij`e, `gpdrteitn r`qunze hn nspnj`ns y su jeråjtnr keldr`dsd y jdisteitn hei aà hn ke `gpdrteij`e hn nstds ertrúpdhds ni kds njds`stnges njds`st nges ieturekns (Xrdye, = % hn ke l`dgese hn `isnjtds ni kds ldsquns trdp`jekns.
Zulaeg`k`e ]erepdinr`ien ]erepdinre jkevete (Aelr`j`us,
533>)
Ns uie hn kes bdrg`ces hn geydr tegeõd ni Zuhegàr`je (jnrje hn : jg) y
ns jdidj`he jdgd bdrg`ce leke d lukknt eit, hnl`hd e qun t`nin ui crei ecu`oúi y jeuse uie p`jehure guy hdkdrdse (tegl`ài rnj`ln nk idglrn hn bdrg`ce 2)
Kes bdrg`ces jdrtehdres hn bdoes «Kneajuttnr eits¶ sdi kes ges jdidj`hes bdrg`ces hn kds ldsquns trdp`jekns. Zdi kes ÿi`jes qun prejt`jei ke ecr`jukture, ns jdgÿi nijditrer ni ke snkve jeg`ids hn 8 e 2 jg hn
B P G N I D ] X N \ E
eijbd pdr kds qun j`rjukei bdrg`ces treispdrteihd pnqunõds arecgnitds j`rjukerns hn bdoes bej`e nk i`hd, ouitd jdi ke jeste hn dlrnres, sn nijunitrei dtres dlrnres hn ui tegeõd guy pnqunõd jdrrntnei pdr kes bdoes y kds junrpds hn kes bdrg`ces pere hnanihnrkes hn kds etequns hn hçptnrds perås`-
58>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic tds (]bdr`hen) qun qu`nrni pdinr kds bunvds ni kds junkkds hn kes bdrg`ces treispdrtehdres hn bdoes. Dtre jeste hn bdrg`ces dlrnres hn geydr tegeõd bejni hn sdkhehds eiquneihd ke prdjns`úi hn bdoes y bdrg`ces. Kds i`hds
hn kes bdrg`ces jdrtehdres hn bdoes nståi adrgehds pdr j`nitds hn tÿinkns y jågeres, hdihn kes bdrg`ces hnpds`tei kes bdoes qun sdi gest`jehes eõeh`nihd sek`ve y getnr`ek anjek (qun jdit`nin nij`ges qun aevdrnjni ke arecgnitej`úi hn kes bdoes)6 uies pnqunões pdrj`dins hn nspnj`ekns bdicds sdi eõeh`hes ni nk gditúi hn bdoes tr`turehes. Kes bdrg`ces sn ek`gnitei hn kds bdicds. Ke rn`ie ns hn crei tegeõd y punhn v`v`r nitrn 3 y ). Kds gejbds (prdjnhnitns hn bunvds s`i anjuiher) sdi prdhuj`hds jueihd ke jdkdi`e ns gehure, nitdijns ke rn`ie tegl`ài prdhujn iunves rn`ies (jegl`d hn ek`gnitej`úi) qun
E \ N X ] D I N G P B
sdi y sekhråi hnk iunvd lusje hn gejbds hn dtrds i`hds y snråiaàrt`kns anjuihehes. Ke iunve rn`iei`hd kkn veniuie kknve gunstre hn bdicds qun ut`k`zerå ni nk iunvd i`hd pere nk jukt`vd hn bdicds. ]bn`hdkn sp.
Nstn càinrd ns guy eluiheitn ni Egàr`je jdi gås hn 3== nspnj`ns, tdhes t`nini ui ecu`oúi guy rnhuj`hd y sn h`st`icuni hds t`pds dlrnresjdi ‚kesuie treleoehdres y kds hn sdkhehds jelnze hn crei tegeõd.
Gncekdgyrgnx sp.
Càinrd indtrdp`jek jdi nspnj`ns hn h`anrnitns adrges y jdg pdrteg`nitd.
581
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Jrngetdcestnr sp.
Zunkni i`h`jer ni årldkns y
sdi ecrns`ves, t`nini nk elhdgni ni adrge hn jdrezúi qun nknvei bej`e hnkeitn jueihd sn vni egniezehes.
Zulaeg`ke Njtetdgg`ien Njtetdgge tulnrjuketug
(Dk`v`nr,
530=
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç Cestnrejeitbe jeijr`adrg`s (K`iienus,
53>2)
Zu idglrn prdv`nin hn kds tàrg`ids cr`ncdsnsp`ie «cestnr¶ nstdgecd y «jeitbe¶ ns hnj`r nstdgecd nsp`idsd, nk tàrg`id ket`id «jeijr`adrg`s¶ s`ci`je jdi adrge
hn jeicrnod. Zn trete hn uie ereõe hn pnqunõd tegeõd hn > e 0 gg hn kercd ke rcd pdr 5=-5: gg hn eijbd. Jdkdrns v`stdsds epdsngåt`jds (jdkdrns hn ev`sd hn pnk`crd) lkeijd, eger`kkd y rdod. Kes bnglres t`nini t `nini sn`s nsp`ies rdhneihd nk elhdgni. ]rdhujn uids 51=-5
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
G`jretbnie sp. eaa tr`eicuker`s (J. K. Fdjb, 52:1)
sdi hnkebål`tds ter`es geydrh`urids pertn hnky pnrgeinjni t`ngpd ni nk snhnijnitrd hn ke tnke, nspnreihd ke jeçhe hn prnses, jdi nk jnaekdtúrex dr`nitehd bej`e eleod. Kds gejbds sdi hn tegeõds gnidrns qun kes bnglres y prnsnitei uie gdradkdcçe guy h`anrnitn, jdi nk elhdgni sulrnjteicuker d juehreicuker y jdi nsp`ies jdrtes.
E H @ I B J E \ E
G`jretbnie sp. eaa f`rly` (]nrty,
52::)
G`jretbnie sp. eaa jdje (Knv`, 502>)
G`jretbnie ejute (Sekjfnienr, 5285)
G`jretbnie jyeidsp`ie (Kujes, 52:>)
5><
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
]erew`s`e sp. \ulrnpn`re rulrdi`cre (Gnkkd-Kn`tèd, 50:0)
E \ E J B I @ H E
Nr`dpbdre sp.
Secinr`eie sp.
Bypdciete sp. Hul`n`pn`re sp.
5>:
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e Jkul`di`hen Ereões hn tegeõd gnh`eid (5= gg), y jnaekdtúrex dvekehds hnelhdgni jdkdr cr`såjnd y incrd rnspnjt`vegnitn. Djbd dods h`spunstds ni hds kes y qunkçjnrds prdg`initns.
Hureitn nk hçe pnrgeinjni ni su rnauc`d hn snhe qun nste hnitrd hn uie bdoe nirdkkehe y pdr ke idjbn sunkni hnsjnihnr y jezer pdr nk sunkd y ke bdoeresje.
E H @ I B J E \ E
Aeg`k`e Jdr`ii`hen (Ereões bdrg`ce) Hn tegeõd gnh`eid e pnqunõd sunkni jdrrnr nrreitns pdr nk sunkd. X`nini ui g`gnt`sgd jdi kes bdrg`ces e kes juekns sn esngnoei.
(Int ‚ tbrdw`ic sp`hnrs, Aeg`k`e dcrnaejnHn`idp`hen sp`hnrs, ereões keizehdres hn tnke,
ereões dcrd) Ereões ereindgdraes jr`lnkehes. Hn jdkdr gerrúi cr`såjnd e rdo`zd. Elhdgni ekercehd y nstrnjbd jdi kds kehds rnjtds.
Hds creihns dods ekercehds bej`e hnkeitn y sn`s pnqunõds dods. Hn ui tegeõd nitrn 5,> y : jg. X`nini ui s`stnge lesteitn `iusuek hn jeze, jdistruyni uie tnke nitrn sus petes hnkeitnres y jueihd uie prnse sn ejnrje nst`rei kes petes y keizei ke rnh sdlrn ke prnse. Ejt`ves pdr ke idjbn.
5>8
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Hn`idp`s sp. gejbd Hn`idp`s sp.
Aeg`k`e Bnrs`k`hen (Xwd-te`knh sp`hnrs) Aeg`k`e hn ereões ereindgdraes qun t`nini ke pert`juker`heh hn tninr hds b`knres prdhujtdres hn snhe qun sdi jes` tei kerces jdgd nk elhdgni.
E \ E J B I @ H E
Aeg`k`e Kyjds`hen (Ereões kdld,
Sdka sp`hnrs) Zdi ereões rdlustes hn tegeõd gnh`eid e creihn nitn 5 y :,> jg. Åc`kns jezehdres. Kds qunkçjnrds kds gunvni hn kehd e kehd jdgd uies t`onres. X`nini 2 dods, ke ke hn hnleod jdiste hn juetrd dods pnqunõds, ke ke hnk
jnitrd hds creihns dods y err`le
hds dods ketnrekns ket nrekns pnqunõds. Elhdgni ekercehd. Jdkdr dsjurd, incrd gerrúi, cr`s d eger`kknitd punhn tninr gerjes dsjures. ]etes kerces pnkuhes y nsp`idses e vnjns leihnehes. Zdi ejt`ves jezehdres. Kes bnglres kknvei
5>>
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic nk sejd hn bunvds niceijbehd eke pertn pdstnr`dr hnk elhdgni e kds úrceids prdhujtdrns hn snhe, jueihd ngnrcni kds ouvni`kns hureitn t`ngpd, sngeies, qunheirnh sdlrn ke ui nspekhe hn uies ke gehrn. Id sn aelr`jei hn jeze nxjnptd ekcuies pdjes nspnj`ns jdgd kes hnk càinrd Eckedjtni Eckedjtnius us. Eckedjtnius sp.
Aeg`k`e Inpb`k`hen
E H @ I B J E \ E
Inpb`ke jkev`pns K. Fdjb, 5232, 5232, gejbd gejbd
y bnglre bnglre
Inpb`ke jkev`pns K. Fdjb, 5232
Ereões hn tegeõd gnh`eid e creihn. Kds qunkçjnrds kds gunvni hn kehd e kehd jdgd kes t`onres. Djbd dods hn pnqunõd tegeõd. ]niejbds hn pnkds t `l`e hn kes petes jnrje hn kes zdies hn ert`jukej`úi.incrds ni nk aàgur y t`l`e X`nin ui jeperezúi pketnehd gdtnehd hn incrd, jere y qunkçjnrds incrds. Nk elhdgni ns eger`kkd hdrehd s`gàtr`jegnitn gdtnehd jdi pnqunões geijbes lkeijes. Jdistruyni creihns rnhns hn ver`ds gntrds y punhni jepturer jept urer creihns prnses jdgd kes j`jehes. j`j ehes. Aeg`k`e Dxydp`hen (Ereões k`ijn, Kyix sp`hnrs)
Ereões ereindgdraes, ke geydrçe sdi trdp`jekns y v`vni ni pkeites y drns. X`nini kds pnh` pekpdss jdgd s` aunr pekpd aunrei ei cuei cueitns tns hn ldxnd. X`nini X`nini djbd dods h`spunstds jdgd hds trepnj`ds `ivnrt`hds pdr ke lesn. ]etes hnk g`sgd tegeõd jdi nsp`ies. X`nini lunie v`ste y sdi åc`kns jezehdres. Xep`i`kkus sp., jdi bunvds
5>1
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Aeg`k`e Xbnr`h``hen (Xbn teickn-wnl sp`hnrs, jdlwnl sp`hnrs, jdgl-addtnh sp`hnrs)
Ereões hn pnqunõd tegeõd (nitrn =,> y 5 jg). Djbd dods pnqunõds ecrupehds. Elhdgni rnhdihnehd. Jdkdr ver`elkn y petes jdrtes y nsp`idses. ]nrgeinjni jdi nk elhdgni bej`e err`le ni g`teh hn ke rnh `rrncuker jdi iugnrdsds b`kds nitrnjruzehds ni tdhes kes h`rnjj`dins. Zdi tçp`jegnitn snhniter`es y punhni bel`ter leod kes p`nhres, ni r`ijdins hn jdistrujj`dins, vniteies, ntj. Zdi guy lunies jezehdres. jez ehdres. Aeg`k`e Xbdg`s`hen (Xbdg`s`h jrel sp`hnrs, ereões jeicrnod)
Ereões hn pnqunõd tegeõd nitrn =,< y 5 jg. X`nini djbd dods pnqunõds ni hds kes d
adrgeihd ui úvekd. Nk elhdgni ns pkeid dvekehd d ni adrge hn h`sjd `rrncuker. Kes petes t`nini pnkds h`spnrsds y nsp`ies ni kds sncgnitds gås prúx`gds
E \ E J B I @ H E
ek junrpd. Nk pr`gnr per hn petes usuekgnitn
Ztnpbeidpd`hns s`gdi` Fnysnrk`ic, 522=
gåstnoni kerces qun dlt`nini nk rnstd. sus prnses ek Id t nkes, tnkes, e k ejnjbd d e ke jerrnre, pere nkkd sunkni tninr jdkdrns g`gàt`jds jdi nk nitdrid qun v`vni, esç kes qun v`vni ni drns sdi hn jdkdrns gås jkerds, g`nitres kes qun v`vni leod kes p`nhres d
bdoeresje t`nini jdkdrns gås inutrds u dsjurds.
5>3
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e ]`seur`hen Ereões hn tegeõd gnh`eid hn 5 e hn kercd, kercd, jdkdrns perhds, eger`kknitds, geijbes vnrhdses y incres. Juetrd dods eitnr`drns y juetrd dods k`cnregnitn geydrns pdstnr`drns. Elhdgni ekercehd. ]etes kerces e gniuhd jdi gujbes nsp`ies. Ejt`ves jezehdres. Kes bnglres kknvei nk dv`sejd hn jdkdr lkeiqunj`id hnleod hn sus qunk`jnrds. ]unhni snr snhniter`es d nrreitns d sng` ejuåt`jes. Ekcuies nspnj`ns jepturei pnjns y kerves hn eil`ds.
E H @ I B J E \ E
Aeg`k`e Xntrecietb`hen Xntrecietb`hen (Kdic oewnh drlwnevnrs, drjberh wnevnrs)
Knujecn sp.
Sb`tn, 5285
Ereões hn gnh`eid e pnqunõd tegeõd (5 e < jg). Kes geihçlukes sn gunvni hn kehd e kehd jdgd uies t`onres. X`nin djbd pnqunõds dods, kds dods ketnrekns ecrupehds. Elhdgni Elhdgni ekercehd y dvek. ]etes kerces, nslnktes y nsp`idses.
Aeg`k`e Xbnrepbds`hen (X (Xereitukes, ereitukes, Be`ry Gycekdgdrpbs)
Ereões hn crei tegeõd puh`nihd ekjeizer gås hn 2
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç tnrrnstrns punhni bejnr ecuonrds ni nk sunkd qun ekjeizei gnh`d gntrd hn prdauih`heh. Id sdi ecrns`ves pnrd t`nini pdtnitns qunk`jnrds qun punhni
user ni ke jeze d ni s`tuej`dins hnanis`ves. Zn ek`gnitei hn gujbds t`pds hn ertrúpdhds y ekcuies vnjns pnqunõds vnrtnlrehds. Hn idjbn ni pds`j`úi hn rnpdsd t`nini kes petes nxtnih`hes jdi nk i hn hntnjter kes v`lrej`dins
]sekgdpdnus sp.
qun prdhujn ke prnse. Jdgd hnanise eh`j`diek punhni errdoer pnkds hnk elhdgni jdi kes petes tresnres sdlrn nk etejeitn. Zdi guy kdicnves (gås hn h`nz eõds). Aeg`k`e Zekt`j`hen (Ougpnr sp`hnrs, Ereões sektehdres)
Aeg`k`e guy h`vnrse, nspnj`ns hn pnqunõd tegeõe (8 e 0
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Egyjus sp.
Hr`zzt`us sp.
E H @ I B J E \ E Arnye sp.
Bypenus sp.
Fejnrrytus sp.
Gningnrus l`v`ttetus (Huadur,
52:5)
51=
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç
Idncus sp.
]b`ekn sp.
]knx`ppus peyfukk` peyfukk` (Euhdu`i, 52 e gg). Kds qunk`jnrds sn gunvni hn kehd e kehd jdgd uies t`onres. ]etes kerces jdi pnkds y nsp`idses. 2 dods
E \ E J B I @ H E
h`spunstds ni hds kes, kds dods
ketnrekns k`cnregnitn gås creihns. Elhdgni y jnaekdtúrex dvekehd. Jdkdr gerrúi y ln`cn. Ejt`ves jezehdres pdr ke idjbn ni ke bdoeresje y nk sunkd.
515
Anrieihd Jerjnkknr & Fnkky Zw`ic
Aeg`k`e Jtni`hen (Ereões nrreitns. Seihnr`ic sp`hnrs) Ereões hn tegeõd gnh`eid e creihn, junrpd nitrn =,> y jg, snperej`úi nitrn kes petes gås hn 5> jg. Juetrd dods eitnr`drns pnqunõds y juetrd pdstnr`drns creihns. Elhdgni dvekehd. Zdi hn jdkdr incrd, gerrúi, cr`s d eger`kknitd e gniuhd jdi kes k`cnres gerjes incres. Ekcuies nspnj`ns t`nini ke jere, kds qunkçjnrds y ekcuies vnjns kds pnh`pekpds hn uie gnzjke hn jdkdrej`úi incrd y rdod. Kes petes sdi kerces y jdi iugnrdses nsp`ies. Zdi guy ejt`ves jezehdres ni nk sunkd y vncntej`úi. Kds ehuktds sn nijunitrei ni juekqu`nr àpdje hnk eõd.
E H @ I B J E \ E Jtnius sp.
ja v`kkesldes` GnkkdKn`têd, 5080 Jtnius
]bdinutr`e ja anre ]nrty, 52::
Eijykdgntns sp.
51<
Cuçe hn kds ertrúpdhds hnk ]erqun Iej`diek Pesuiç Pesuiç Nk càinrd ]bdinutr`e ns jdidj`hd ni Zuhegàr`je jdgd ereõe leieinre, sdi hn tegeõd creihn (snperej`úi nitrn kes petes gås hn 5> jg), hn jdkdr gerrúi jdi tdiek`hehns rdo`zes prúx`ges e kds qunk`jnrds, crunses petes y guy åc`kns. Nste aeg`k`e ns jdidj`he jdi nk idglrn hn ereões nrreitns ye qun vecei pdr ke idjbn ni lusje hn ek`gnitd. Ns uie nspnj`n guy vninidse. Ni ke adtdcreaçe uie bnglre qun kknve ke ddtnje (punste hn bunvds). Drhni Zjdrp`dins (Zjdrp`dis, Nsjdrp`dins)
Ertrúpdhds qunk`jnrehds qun punhni kkncer e gnh`r gås hn
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