Guía 3

 

 

Leagelgrãb mg [lstgcbs y Kncputbklûe

4060 HLK. Mbrãn @lhbrln Hûalkb mg hbs levgstlabklnegs TVBK]LK]LKB En. ; HNALKB MG HB[ LEYG[]LABKLNEG[

2)  ¾KWBHG[ [NE HB[ NTGVBKLNEG[ FB[LKB[ RWG VGTVG[GE]B GH EWKHGN MG HB GPTGVLCGE]BKLNE> Ybhlmgz y Ilbflhlmbm 6)  ¾RWG G[ HB YBHLMGZ> ¾KNCN HB KHB[LILKBCN[> Knekgptn mg vbhlmgz. Hb vbhlmgz bfbrkb gh knekgptn gxpgrlcgetbh getgrn y gstbfhgkg hns rgsuhtbmns nftgelmns kucphge kne tnmns hns h ns rgqulsltns mgh cìtnmn mg hb levgstlabklûe klgetãilkb n en. ]lpns mg vbhlmgz: b. Ybhlmgz letgreb. f. Ybhlmgz Gxtgreb. ;)  ¾KWBH MG HB[ YBHLMGZ [G BTGAB G[]VLK]BCGE]G BH CG]NMN KLGE]LILKN> Ybhlmgz letgreb =)  ¾KWÂEMN MGKLCN[ RWG WE GPTGVLCGE]N GE ILBFHG>

Knekgptn mg ilbflhlmbm. We gxpgrlcgetn sg kneslmgrb ilbfhg kubemn hns rgsuhtbmns slaelilkbtlvns slaelilkbtlvns mgfge sgr ue `bhhbzan mg câs mg ueb ssnhb nhb vgz g letgeslvbcgetg rgpgtlfhg. rgpgtlfhg. Gs mgklr, gs ilbfhg kubemn ntrns levgstlabmnrg levgstlabmnrgss mgfge pnmgr sgr kbpbkgs mg rgbhlzbr gh clscn gxpgrlcgetn fbjn hbs clscbs knemlklnegs y agegrbh hns clscns rgsuhtbmns, gstn rginrzbrb hns rgsuhtbmns y bsgaurbrb qug hb kncuelmbm klgetãilkb ge agegrbh bkgptg hb `lpûtgsls. Hb

 

ilbflhlmbm gs ue leargmlgetg egkgsbrln pbrb mgtgrclebr hb vbhlmgz tntbh mg ue gxpgrlcgetn klgetãilkn klgetãilkn y cgjnrbr hb iugrzb mg hns rgsuhtbmns. 7)  ¾MLIGVGEKLB GE]VG IBHLFLHLMBM \ ILBFLHLMBM> 9)  ¾KWÂEMN GE WE GPTGVLCGE]N [G KNE[LAWG HB YBHLMGZ ]N]BH> Hb ilbflhlmbm gs ue leargmlgetg egkgsbrln pbrb mgtgrclebr hb vbhlmgz tntbh mg ue gxpgrlcgetn klgetãilkn klgetãilkn y cgjnrbr hb iugrzb mg hns rgsuhtbmns. Kne gh rgqulsltn mg hb vgrlilkbhlmbm v grlilkbhlmbm qug gs gsgeklbh pbrb qug ueb `lpûtgsls sg gstbfhgzkb kncn ueb vgrmbm klgetãilkb bkgptbmb. 1)  ¾RWG [NE HB[ CGMLKLNEG[ C GMLKLNEG[ [NKLBHG[> ¾KNCN HB VGTVG[GE]BCN[> VGTVG[GE]BCN[> Hbs cgmlklnegs ge hbs klgeklbs snklbhgs pbrtge mg ue prnkgsn mg nfsgrvbklûe pnr ueb rgprgsget rgprgsgetbklûe bklûe mg pnrkgetbjgs eucìrl eucìrlkns kns y sg rgbhlzbe cgmlklnegs mg vbrlbfhgs nfjgtlvns, sg `bkge prgauetbs ¾Ruì gs ueb vbrlbfhg nfjgtlvb> Gs ueb prnfhgcâtlkb b rgsnhvgr. ¾Ruì gs ueb rgprgsgetbklûe pnr pnrkgetbjgs eucìrlkns> Gs bqughhb rgprgsgetbklûe rgprgsgetbklûe qug sg `bkg kne mlbarbcb mg fbrrb vgrtlkbh u `nrlznetbh, pnr tbfhbs, pnr kurvbs y pnr inrcbs klrkuhbr. 0)  ¾RWG [NE HB[ YBVLBFHG[ NFJG]LYB[> [ne uebs prnfhgcâtlkbs b rgsnhvgr. Knekgptn mg ilbflhlmbm. We gxpgrlcgetn sg kneslmgrb ilbfhg kubemn hns rgsuhtbmns slaelilkbtlvns slaelilkbtlvns mgfge sgr ue `bhhbzan mg câs mg ueb snhb vgz g letgeslvbcgetg rgpgtlfhg. rgpgtlfhg. Gs mgklr gs ilbfhg kubemn ntrns levgstlabmnrgs mgfge pnmgr sgr kbpbkgs mg rgbhlzbr gh clscn gxpgrlcgetn fbjn hbs clscbs clsc bs knemlklnegs y agegrbh hns clscns rgsuhtbmns, gstn rginrzbrb hns rgsuhtbmns y bsgaurbrb qug hb kncuelmbm klgetãilkb ge agegrbh bkgptg hb `lpûtgsls. Hb ilbflhlmbm gs ue leargmlgetg egkgsbrln pbrb mgtgrclebr hb vbhlmgz tntbh mg ue gxpgrlcgetn klgetãilkn klgetãilkn y cgjnrbr hb iugrzb mg hns rgsuhtbmns.

Kne gh rgqulsltn hb vgrmbm vgrlilkbhlmbm qug bkgptbmb. gs gsgeklbh pbrb qug ueb `lpûtgsls sg gstbfhgzkb kncnmg ueb klgetãilkb Hb ilbflhlmbm gs câs iâklh kncprnfbr kubemn sg usbe us be gqulpns n bpbrbtns ge gh gxpgrlcgetn (krnencgtrn, vnhtãcgtrn, bcpgrãcgtrn, prnfgtb, gtk.) qug kubemn hns nfsgrvbmnrgs kbhlilkbe mgtgrclebmns bspgktns gh lemlvlmun pugmg kbhlilkbr kb hlilkbr hbs clscbs knsbs mg cbegrb mligrgetg mgpgemlgemn hb `nrb mgh mãb y gh gstbmn mg âelcn. [l knestruygs tu gxpgrlcgetn pbrb bhfgrabr vbhlmgz y ilbflhlmbm getnekgs gs câs prnfbfhg qug hb kncuelmbm klgetãilkb bkgptg hns rgsuhtbmns n `lpûtgsls. Entb 2: hb vbhlmgz y hb ilbflhlmbm sne gh eúkhgn mg kubhqulgr mlsgòn gxpgrlcgetbh gxpgrlcgetbh.. Entb 6: ue gxpgrlcgetn nftlgeg vbhlmgz tntbh kubemn kucphg kne k ne hb vbhlmgz câs hb ilbflhlmbm.

 

24) ¾KNCN KHB[LILKBCN[ HN[ ELYGHG[ MG CGMLKLNE Elvghgs mg cgmlklûe 2. Elvgh enclebh. 6. Elvgh nrmlebr. ;. Elvghgs mg cgmlklûe mg letgrvbhn pbrb rbzûe y prnpnrklûe. 22) KNKGT]N MG ELYGH NVMLEBV \ MBV GJGCTHN. Knekgptn mg elvgh nrmlebr. Gs ue krltgrln mg khbslilkbklûe kne sgetlmn y nrmge y sg mgileg kne hb kbtganrãb P gs câs n cgens quì \. Gjgcphn mg elvgh nrmlebr: cuy mg bkugrmn, mg bkugrmn, en sbfg, mgsbkugrmn, cuy mgsbkugrmn. 26) KNEKGT]N MG ELYGH ENCLEBH \ MBV GJGCTHN . Knekgptn mg elvgh enclebh. Gs ue krltgrln mg khbslilkbklûe qug en lcphlkb nrmge n jgrbrquãb y khbslilkb mns n câs kbtganrãbs. Gjgcphn: gh gstbmn klvlh mg ueb pgrsneb (kbsbmn, snhtgrn, vlumn n snhtgrn, vlumn, kbsbmn). 2;) ¾RWG G[ GH KVL]GVLN MG CGMLKLNE> ¾KNE KWBHG[ = KWBHLMBMG[ MGFG KWCTHLV> Krltgrlns mg cgmlklûe [lrvge pbrb mgtgrclebr hb kbhlmbm letgreb y gxtgreb mg hb cgmlklûe ¾y qug cgmlcns> Hb vbhlmgz, hb kneilbflhlmbm, hb kncprgeslflhlmbm y hb tntbhlmbm knekgptubh. 2=) ¾RWG [NE LEMLKBMNVG[> Hns lemlkbmnrgs sne mbtns kubetltbtlvns, prnmuktn mg hns prnkgmlclgetns gstbfhgklmns pnr gh levgstlabmnr, qulge agegrb rgsuhtbmns qug tnmns pugmge nfsgrvbr mg hb clscb cbegrb, pgrn sne `bhhbzans mgh levgstlabmnr, en mgh nfjgtn? hbs cgtnmnhnaãbs y hbs tìkelkbs mg cgmlklûe bmqulgrge cbynr rghgvbeklb qug gh knenklclgetn 

27) ¾B RWG HHBCBCN[ NTGVBHLZBKLNE> Ge gh mlsgòn mg levgstlabklûe, gspgklbhcgetg ge pslknhnaãb, klgeklbs snklbhgs, klgeklbs mg hb vlmb y iãslkb, hb npgrbklnebhlzbklûe gs ue prnkgsn mg mgilelklûe mg hb cgmlklûe mg ue igeûcgen qug en sg pugmg cgmlr mlrgktbcgetg, buequg su gxlstgeklb sg leilgrg mg ntrns igeûcgens. Hb npgrbklnebhlzbklûe mgileg bsã ue knekgptn mliusn pbrb qug sgb khbrbcgetg mlstleaulfhg, cgmlfhg y kncprgeslfhg pnr nfsgrvbklûe gcpãrlkb.

29) ¾RWG G[ GH LEMLKG> [g sualgrg su rgbhlzbklûe bh ilebh mgh trbfbjn, pbrb abrbetlzbr ueb râplmb hnkbhlzbklûe mg hns bspgktns qug rgqulgrbe sgr vbhnrbmns. Gs egkgsbrln `bkgr ueb hlstb mg tnmns hns kubmrns y tbfhbs kne gh tãtuhn y gh eúcgrn rgspgktlvn, vgrlilkbemn hb knleklmgeklb gxbktb getrg hb lhustrbklûe y gh eúcgrn mg hb pâaleb.

 

21) CGEKLNEBV = LEMLKBMNVG[ MG HB [LAWLE]G YBVLBFHG NFJG]LYB B CGMLV: ‘HB KNVVWTKLNE– 

20)  CGEKLNEBV KWB]VN LEMLKBMNVG[ MG HB [LAWLGE]G YBVLBFHG B CGMLV: ‘LEBELKLNE– 

2 Mgtgrclebr hb hnealtum, gxtgeslûe, vnhucge n kbpbklmbm mg ueb knsb pnr kncpbrbklûe kne ueb uelmbm gstbfhgklmb qug sg tncb kncn k ncn rgigrgeklb, agegrbhcgetg cgmlbetg bhaúe lestrucgetn arbmubmn kne mlk`b uelmbm.

64) CGEKLNEBV ]VG[ TB]VNEG[ MG CGMLMB[. Tbtrûe mg cgmlmb  

2. [gauemn. 6. Cgtrn. ;. Bcpgrln.

62) ¾KNCN ML[GÒBVLB W[]GM WEB G[KBHB> Ybhnrb hb pnslklûe ge tu gskbhb sbhbrlbh. Betgs mg pgesbr ge ueb gskbhb sbhbrlbh, mgfgs mgtgrclebr kuâh gs gh vbhnr mgh pugstn n hb pnslklûe pbrb hb gcprgsb qug gstâs fuskbemn. ... Kncpbrb tu gskbhb sbhbrlbh kne hb lemustrlb. ... Mgtgrcleb ue vbhnr câxlcn y cãelcn ge tu gskbhb sbhbrlbh. ... ]ncb hb mgklslûe Bkugrmn sbhbrlbh: gh prnkgsn mgfg gstbr bflgrtn b hb eganklbklûe 

66) ¾KWBH G[ [LGCTVG GH YBHNV LELKLBV MG WEB G[KBHB> Gh elvgh mg cgmlmb (tbcflìe, elvgh mg cgmlklûe, gskbhb mg cgmlmb n gskbhb mg cgmlklûe) mg ueb vbrlbfhg gs ueb khbslilkbklûe bknrmbmb kne gh ile mg mgskrlflr hb ebturbhgzb mg hb leinrcbklûe knetgelmb mgetrn mg hns eúcgrns bslaebmns b hns nfjgtns y, pnr hn tbetn, mgetrn mg ueb vbrlbfhg. [gaúe hb tgnrãb mg hbs gskbhbs mg cgmlmb, sne

 

pnslfhgs vbrlbs npgrbklnegs cbtgcâtlkbs mligrgetgs mgpgemlgemn mgh elvgh ge gh qug sg clmg hb vbrlbfhg

6;) ¾GE WEB G[KBHB GE KWBHRWLGV MN[ LE]GVYBHN[ [G CBE]LGEG GH CL[CN YBHNV> ¾[L N EN> GPTHLKBV.

6=) ¾KNE KWBHG[ MN[ KBVBK]GVL[]LKB[ MGFG KWCTHLV HB G[KBHB TBVB [GV NFJG]LYB>

67) CGEKLNEBV ]VG[ CG]NMN[ MG KBVÂK]GV KLGE]LILKN TBVB CGMLV C GMLV WEB YBVLBFHG NFJG]LYB.

69) ¾RWG G[ GH ]G[]> ¾B RWLGE YB MLVLALMN>

61) CGEKLNEBV KLEKN KWBHLMBMG[ RWG TNMGCN[ CGMLV KNE WE ]G[].

Vgslstgeklb Hb rgslstgeklb gs bqughhb kbpbklmbm qug ens pgrcltg hhgvbr b kbfn ueb mgmlkbklûe n gsiugrzn murbetg gh cbynr tlgcpn pnslfhg.

B. ]gst mg Knnpgr n ]gst mg hns 26 cleutns Kneslstg ge rgknrrgr hb câxlcb mlstbeklb pnslfhg murbetg mnkg cleutns. Gh bhucen/b mgfgrâ pgrcbegkgr ge cnvlclgetn murbetg hns 26 cleutns, bkgptâemnsg, sl gs egkgsbrln, pgrlnmns mg bembmurb. Gs cuy iâklh mg rgbhlzbr y en rgqulgrg mg arbemgs cgmlns tìkelkns. F. ]gst mg Knursg Ebvgttg n ]gst mg Hgagr-Hbcfgrt Kneslstg ge rgknrrgr murbetg gh câxlcn tlgcpn pnslfhg ueb mlstbeklb mg 64 cgtrns b ueb vghnklmbm prnargslvb qug knclgezb b 0 oc/` y vb bucgetbemn, mg inrcb pbuhbtleb, kbmb cleutn 4,7 oc/`. K. ]gst mg V Vuiilgr-Mlkosne uiilgr-Mlkosne Gs ueb prugfb qug sg rgbhlzb pbrb cgmlr hb rgslstgeklb bgrûflkb bh gsiugrzn mg knrtb murbklûe y hb kbpbklmbm mg rgkupgrbklûe kbrmãbkb.

 

Iugrzb Gs bqughhb kbpbklmbm (iãslkb fâslkb) qug tlgeg gh sujgtn pbrb supgrbr, npnegrsg n knetrbrrgstbr ueb rgslstgeklb (pnr gjgcphn, ue pgsn) qug pugmg sgr eugstrn prnpln kugrpn u ntrns gxtgrens cgmlbetg ueb knetrbkklûe cuskuhbr

Hbs prugfbs qug ens pgrcltge vbhnrbr gstb kbpbklmbm sne hbs slaulgetgs: s laulgetgs: ]rge leigrlnr [g utlhlzb pbrb kncprnfbr hb iugrzb gxphnslvb mg hb cuskuhbturb gxtgesnrb mg hbs kbmgrbs, rnmlhhbs y tnflhhns. Tbrb ghhn gh bhucen sg sltúb mg inrcb qug hbs puetbs mg hns plgs gstìe mgtrâs mg hb hãegb mg fbtlmb y sgpbrbmbs b hb bek`urb mg hb kbmgrb kne hbs rnmlhhbs ihgxlnebmbs y hns frbzns `bklb btrâs. ]rge supgrlnr [g utlhlzb pbrb kncprnfbr hb iugrzb gxphnslvb mg hb cuskuhbturb gxtgesnrb mg trnekn, frbzns y plgrebs. ]rnekn  [g utlhlzb pbrb kncprnfbr hb iugrzb-rgslstgeklb mg hb cuskuhbturb bfmnclebh. Tbrb ghhn gh bhucen/b sgr tucfb snfrg hb gspbhmb, kne plgrebs ihgxlnebmbs y hbs phbetbs mg hns plgs bpnybmbs ge gh sughn y sgpbrbmbs b hb bek`urb mg hb kbmgrb. Cbens mgtrâs mgh kughhn getrghbzbmbs n pnr mghbetg b hb bhturb mgh pgk`n, clgetrbs qug ntrb pgrsneb sujgtb hns tnflhhns.  

Yghnklmbm

Gs hb kbpbklmbm qug tlgeg gh slstgcb egrvlnsn mg cbembr lcpuhsns b hbs mlstletbs pbrtgs mgh kugrpn pbrb gigktubr bkklnegs cntrlkgs ge gh cgenr tlgcpn pnslfhg n hb kbpbklmbm mg rgbkklnebr n rgbhlzbr bkklnegs cntrlkgs ge gh cgenr tlgcpn pnslfhg... b ue rltcn mg gjgkuklûe câxlcn y murbetg ue pgrãnmn frgvg (qug en prgsupneab hb bpbrlklûe mg ibtlab). Ihgxlflhlmbm

Hb ihgxlflhlmbm gs hb kbpbklmbm mg gxtgeslûe câxlcb mg ue cnvlclgetn ge ueb brtlkuhbklûe mgtgrclebmb. Hbs prugfbs qug ens pgrcltge vbhnrbr gstb kbpbklmbm sne hbs slaulgetgs: ]gst mg ihgxlûe prniuemb mg trnekn [g utlhlzb pbrb cgmlr hb ihgxlflhlmbm ahnfbh mgh trnekn y clgcfrns supgrlnr g leigrlnr.

 

 

60) CGEKLNEBV ]VG[ BTHLKBKLNEG[ MGH ]G[].

6   ]ìkelkb slstìclkb.   Cbeubh kne ue slstgcb mg letgrprgtbklûe.   Mgtgktbr cugstrbs gcpãrlkbs mg knemuktb.   Trnpnrklnebr cgmlmbs nfjgtlvbs.   Gstbfhgkgr kncpbrbklnegs letgrlemlvlmubhg letgrlemlvlmubhgs. s.   

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;4) ¾RWG G[ GH CWG[]VGN> Gh cugstrgn gsgs pnr hn tbetn ueb hb levgstlabklûe klgetãilkb, kuyb iueklûe fâslkb mgtgrclebr qug`grrbclgetb pbrtg mg uebmgpnfhbklûe mgfg gxbclebrsg, kne hb ilebhlmbm mg `bkgr leigrgeklbs snfrg mlk`b pnfhbklûe.

;2) ¾KWBHG[ [NE HN[ MN[ GHGCGE]N GHGCGE]N[[ FB[LKN[ MGH CWG[]VGN> @ncnageglmbm:  mgfg sgr gxtrbãmb mg hb clscb pnfhbklûe. Lemgpgemgeklb: hbs

nfsgrvbklnegs nfsgrvbklne gs en mgfge gstbr cutubcgetg knemlklnebmbs getrg sã. Vgprgsgetbtlvlmbm: hb cugstrb mgfg sgr gh cgjnr rgihgjn pnslfhg mgh knejuetn mgh

kubh prnvlgeg.

;6) ¾RWG G[ HB TNFHBKLNE> [g rgilgrg bh knejuetn mg ghgcgetns qug sg qulgrg levgstlabr, gstns ghgcgetns pugmge sgr nfjgtns, bknetgklclgetns, sltubklnegs sltubklnegs n arupn mg pgrsnebs.

;;) RWG[ G[ HB CWG[]VB>

 

  Gs ue sufknejuetn mg kbsns n lemlvlmuns mg ueb pnfhbklûe. Ge mlvgrsbs bphlkbklnegs, letgrgsb qug ueb cugstrb sgb rgprgsgetbtlvb, y pbrb ghhn mgfg gsknagrsg ueb tìkelkb mg cugstrb bmgkubmb qug prnmuzkb ueb cugstrb bhgbtnrlb bmgkubmb.

;=) ¾TNVRWG HB CWG[]VB MGFG [GV WEB VGTVG[GE]BKLNE ILGH MG HB TNFHBKLNE> Tnrqug gs ueb pgqugòb kbetlmbm mg pgrsnebs qug rgihgjb, kne hb cbynr prgklslûe pnslfhg, b ue arupn câs arbemg. Getnekgs pnmgcns bphlkbr, pnr gjgcphn, ueb gekugstb nehleg b ueb cugstrb mg hb pnfhbklûe fuskbemn qug sgb hn câs rgprgsgetbtlvb mg eugstrb pnfhbklûe nfjgtlvn.

;7) ¾KWBHG[ [NE HN[ MN[ ]LTN[ MG GVVNVG[ MGH CWG[]VGN> Kubemn sg utlhlzbe vbhnrgs cugstrbhgs, n gstbmãstlkns pbrb gstlcbr vbhnrgs pnfhbklnebhgs, n pbrâcgtrns, pugmge nkurrlr mns tlpns agegrbhgs mg grrnrgs: gh grrnr cugstrbh y gh grrnr en cugstrbh. Gh grrnr cugstrbh sg rgilgrg b hb vbrlbklûe ebturbh gxlstgetg getrg cugstrbs tncbmbs mg hb clscb pnfhbklûe. Kubemn ueb cugstrb en gs uebs knplbs gxbktb mg hb pnfhbklûe? búe sl sg `b tgelmn arbe kulmbmn pbrb bsgaurbr qug mns cugstrbs mgh clscn tbcbòn sgbe rgprgsgetbtlvbs mg ueb klgrtb pnfhbklûe, en gspgrbrãbcns qug hbs mns sgbe lmìetlkbs ge tnmns sus mgtbhhgs. Gh grrnr cugstrbh gs ue knekgptn lcpnrtbetg qug byumbrâ b getgemgr cgjnr hb ebturbhgzb mg hb gstbmãstlkb leigrgeklbh. leigrgeklbh. Hns grrnrgs qug surage bh tncbr hbs cugstrbs en pugmge khbslilkbrsg kncn grrnrgs cugstrbhgs y sg mgenclebe grrnrgs en cugstrbhgs.

;9) ¾KWBHG[ TNMVLBE [GV HB[ VBZNEG[ TNV HB RWG EN TNMVLBCN[ GCL]LV WE JWLKLN MG LEIGVGEKLB [NFVG WEB TNFHBKLNE> Kncgtgcns ue grrnr  mg  mg ]lpn ]lpn L  L sl rgk`bzbcns hb `lpûtgsls euhb kubemn ìstb gs klgrtb. [g [g trbtb  trbtb mg ue ibhsn pnsltlvn, kncn ueb bhbrcb mg iugan qug sugeb kubemn en gxlstg tbh iugan. We grrnr  mg  mg ]lpn ]lpn LL  LL nkurrg sl ens gqulvnkbcns bh rgk`bzbr gh euhn kubemn en gs klgrtn.  

 

  ;1) ¾RWG @BVLB W[]GM [L HB CWG[]VB [GHGKKLNEBMB EN EN[ TGVCL]G GCL]LV WE JWLKLN MG LEIGVGEKLB> Trnkgsn cgetbh pnr gh qug sg hhgab b uebs knekhuslnegs iâktlkbs snfrg lemlklns n prugfbs mgsbrrnhhbmbs ge ueb kbusb. Getnekgs sl hb h b cugstrb sghgkklnebmb en ens pgrcltg gcltlr ue julkln mg leigrgeklb, l eigrgeklb, tncbrãbcns ntrn sujgtn pbrb knetleubr `bstb qug hhgaugcns b klgrtn julkln cgmlbetg gh prnkgsn.

;0) ¾KWBHG[ [NE HN[ MN[ ]LTN[ MG CWG[]VGN> Gxlstge mns tlpns prleklpbhgs tlpns prleklpbhgs mg cugstrgn cugstrgn:: gh bhgbtnrln n prnfbflhãstlkn y gh en bhgbtnrln, tbcflìe knenklmn kncn kncn  ‘en prnfbflhã prnfbflhãstlkn–. stlkn–. 

; @bfhbrgcns mg cugstrn prnfbflhãstlkn slgcprg slgcprg qug  qug sg kucphbe mns knemlklnegs: 2. ]nmns hns ghgcgetns mg hb pnfhbklûe tlgege ueb prnfbflhlmbm cbynr  b  b kgrn kgrn mg  mg sgr sghgkklnebmns ge hb cugstrb cugstrb.. 

=2) ¾RWG HG MB GH KBVBK]GV KLGE]LILKN BH CWG[]VGN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN> Hg mb kbrâktgr klgetãilkn gh en sgr sufjgtlvn, yb qug pbrb `bkgr gxpgrlcgetns en pugmg getrbr hb sufjgtlvlmbm ge gh gxpgrlcgetn. Tnr gjgcphn, gh CWG[]VGN [L[]GCÂ]LKN [g trbtb mg ueb tìkelkb hb kubh kneslstg ge sghgkklnebr b mgtgrclebmn sujgtn mg inrcb bhgbtnrlb getrg hb pnfhbklûe pbrb pnstgrlnrcgetg sghgkklnebr pbrb hb cugstrb b kbmb geìslcn lemlvlmun mlspnelfhg ge gh cbrkn cugstrbh.  

 

=6) ¾GE GH CWG[]VGN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN, RWG KNCTNV]BCLGE]N ]LGEGE HB[ CWG[]VB KNE VG[TGK]N B [W [GHGKKLÛE> Kncn sg pugmn bprgklbr, sûhn pnmgcns `bkgr cugstrgn prnfbflhãstlkn prnfbflhã stlkn sl sg kugetb kne ue cbrkn cugstrbh. Tnstgrlnrcgetg, hb inrcb qug sg gcphgb pbrb sghgkklnebr hb cugstrb mgileg hbs mligrgetgs tìkelkbs mg cugstrgn prnfbflhãstlkn, hbs kubhgs sg cugstrbe b knetleubklûe.  

=;) ¾KWBHG[ [NE HB[ KBVBK]GVL[]LKB[ MGH CWG[]VGN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN>

Hns ghgcgetns mg hb pnfhbklûe mgfge tgegr ueb prnfbflhlmbm cbynr mg kgrn pbrb sgr sghgkklnebmns sghgkkl nebmns ge hb cugstrb. [g tlgeg knenklclgetn prgklsn mg hb prnfbflhlmbm mg kbmb ghgcgetn.

==) MN[ YGE]BJB[ MGH CWG[]VGN EN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN [NFVG GH TVNFBFLHL[]LKN

Cgens knstns pbrb knstns pbrb rgbhlzbr hb levgstlabklûe. [g pugmge knetrnhbr  hbs  hbs kbrbktgrãstlkbs mg hb cugstrb. Knehhgvb cgens tlgcpn, tlgcpn, yb qug sg knenkg bh lemlvlmun qug inrcbrâ pbrtg mg hb cugstrb. [g pugmge knenkgr kbrbktgrãstlkbs pnkn kncuegs.  kncuegs.  =7) ¾KWBH G[ GH CWG[]VGN C WG[]VGN TVNFBFLHL[KN TVNFBFLHL[KN CB[ W[BMN W[B MN \ RWG CG]NMN W]LHLZB TBVB HB [GHGKKLNE MG HB CWG[]VB> Gh cugstrgn bhgbtnrln slcphg gs slcphg gs ue prnkgmlclgetn mg cugstrgn prnfbflhãstlkn qug prnfbflhãstlkn  qug mb b kbmb ghgcgetn mg hb pnfhbklûe nfjgtlvn y b kbmb pnslfhg cugstrb mg ue tbcbòn mgtgrclebmn, hb clscb prnfbflh p rnfbflhlmbm lmbm mg sgr sghgkklnebmn. 

CWG[]VGN N W]LHLZBVLB, EN =9) ¾GE WEB TNFHBKLNE MGCB[LBMN AVBEMG KWBH CWG[]VG TVNFBFLHL[]LKN N GH TVNFBFLHL[]LKN> ¾\ [L IWGVB TGRWGÒB>

 

Cugstrgn mg kneahncgrb kneahncgrbmns mns gs  gs gxbktbcgetg laubh qug hb betgrlnr, pgrn ge gstg kbsn hbs sgkklnegs n arupns ge qug mlvlmlcns hb pnfhbklûe yb gxlstge ebturbhcgetg, kncn hns vgklens mg ue fbrrln n hns trbfbjbmnrgs mg ue kgetrn kncgrklbh.

=1) ¾TNVRWG GH CWG[]VGN EN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN EN G[ MG KBVÂK]GV KLGE]LILKN>  B mligrgeklb mgh betgrlnr, betgrlnr, gh en prnfbflhãstlkn prnfbflhãstlkn nftlgeg cugstrbs cugstrbs sle qug qug tnmns tnmns hns lemlvlmuns mg hb pnfhbklûe tgeabe pnslflhlmbmgs laubhgs mg sgr ghgalmns? gstn sughg sgr bsã pnrqug gstâ iugrb mg hbs pnslflhlmbmgs gkneûclkbs y tìkelkbs mgh gstumln bkkgmgr b ueb cugstrb prnfbflhãstlkb (pnr gjgcphn, sl qugrgcns gstumlbr b tnmns hns bhucens mg lestltutn, pgrn snhn tgegcns bkkgsn b hns mg hb klumbm y en b hns mgh kbcpn).

=0) KBVBK]GVL[] KBVBK]GVL[]LKB LKB MGH CWG[]VGN EN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN.

Gh cugstrgn en prnfbflhãstlkn sg utlhlzb mnemg en e n gs pnslfhg gxtrbgr ue cugstrgn mg prnfbflhlmbm bhgbtnrln mgflmn b kneslmgrbklnegs mg tlgcpn n knstn. Gh cugstrgn en prnfbflhãstlkn prnfbfl hãstlkn gs ue cìtnmn cgens gstrlktn, gstg cìtnmn mg cugstrgn mgpgemg ge arbe cgmlmb mg hb gxpgrlgeklb mg hns levgstlabmnrgs. = Gh cugstrgn en prnfbflhãstlkn gs ueb tìkelkb mg cugstrgn ge hb kubh gh levgstlabmnr sghgkklneb sghgkklneb cugstrbs fbsbmbs ge ue julkln sufjgtlvn ge huabr mg `bkgr hb sghgkklûe bh bzbr.  

74) CGEKLNEBV MN[ ]LTN[ MG CWG[]VGN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN \ MN[ EN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN. En prnfbflhãstlkn Cugstrgn letgeklnebh, npleâtlkn n mg knevlvgeklb sg knevlvgeklb sg gsknage kncn cugstrb c ugstrb hns kbsns qug, sgaúe hb nplelûe mgh levgstlabmnr, vbe b sgr câs c âs rgprgsgetbtlvns. rgprgsgetbtlvns. Cugstrgn pnr knevgelge knevgelgeklb klb sgeklhhbcgetg,  sgeklhhbcgetg, sg gstumlb hn qug sg tlgeg b cben sle eleaúe krltgrln bmgcâs mg gsn.

Trnfbflhãstlkn

 

Cugstrgn bhgbtnrln slcphg sg slcphg sg ghlag tntbhcgetg bh bzbr getrg tnmns hns qug inrcbe pbrtg mg hb pnfhbklûe. Cugstrgn gstrbtlilkb gstrbtlilkbmn mn sg  sg khbslilkbe mlstletbs pbrtgs n sgkklnegs gxlstgetgs mg hb pnfhbklûe sgaúe bhaueb kbrbktgrãstlkb prnplb mg kbmb pbrtg (kncn elvgh gkneûclkn n prnigslnebh, pnr gjgcphn) y sg tncb hb cugstrb ge kbmb ueb mg cbegrb tntbhcgetg bhgbtnrlb.

72) KVGG[ W[]GM RWG GH CWG[]VGN EN TVNFBFLHL[]LKN [G YG BIGK]BMN TNV HB [WFJG]LYLMBM. GPTHLKBV. [l, pnrqug sg vg bigktbmn tbetn leihulmns leihul mns pnr hns letgrgsgs y mgsgns pbrtlkuhbrgs mgh clscn, sle mgjbr mg pgesbr ge hbs h bs knsbs qug sg pugmge bprgklbr mgsmg mligrgetgs puetns mg vlstb.

76) RWG CG]NMN W]LHLZBVLB W[]GM GE WE CWG[]VGN [LCTHG, TBVB KBHLILKBV HN[ G[]WMLBE]G[ GE WEB TNFHBKLNE MG 244, [L HB CWG[]VB G[ WE 24% MG MLK@B TNFHBKLNE.KWBE]B[ TN[LFLHLMBMG[ ]LGEG KBMB CWG[]VB MG [GV [GHGKKLNEBMB>