Guía 20 Los Mayas

 

 

IA PB@APVB ZAKMGFIM  

FATMPVMHAGVB FA NIAGNIM^ ^BNIMKA^

Euèm 04

Trbjasbr Hmrib Nlmnþg ^.

Vahm? KB^ HMYM^. B`oativb? Panbgbna Panbgbnarr kms prignipmkas nmrmntarèstinms fa km nivikizmniþg Hmym.

VQ^ NBGBNIHIAGVB^ TPAZIB^ Paspbgfa kms sieuiagtas praeugtms nbg `msa ag tus nbgbnihiagtbs pravibs. =. ²]ué ²]ué sm` sm`as as fa kbs h hmym myms, s, fþgfa fþgfa y nu nuígf ígfb b vivia viviarb rbg2 g2 0. ²]ué ²]ué faom faomrb rbg g kkbs bs hmym hmyms2 s2 >. ²Mÿg ²Mÿg axis axista tag g kkbs bs hmym hmyms2 s2 lp?//nkib.rafiris.as/nkibgat/jnl iris.as/nkibgat/jnlms/btrmsRhmyms.lth ms/btrmsRhmyms.lth) (Vaxtb tbhmfb fa lp?//nkib.raf

Igtrbfunniþg Km nivikizmniþg hmym sa u`inþ ag Nagtrbmhérinm, sa axtagfiþ pbr ak sur fa km pagègsukm fa Yunmtíg, pmrta fa Eumtahmkm y Lbgfurms, agtra kbs siekbs III y \Z. Kbs hmym hmyms s gb nbgstitu nbgstituèmg èmg ug astmf astmfb b ugij ugijinmfb inmfb,, sigb qua sa bremg bremgizm`m izm`mg g ag vmrim vmrims s niufm niufmfas-a fas-astmfb stmfb igfapagfiagtas agtra sè, qua nbgtrbkm`mg ug tarritbrib hís b hagbs mhpkib. Vmhpbnb lm`km`mg ugm ÿginm kageum. M nbgtigumniþg mkeugms fa kms hís ihpbrtmgtas nramnibgas fa km nivikizmniþg hmym ag su nukturm y sbniafmf. Mrquitanturm ? Kms Mrquitanturm? Kms nbgs nbgstru trunn nnib ibga gas s hm hmym yms s sa lini liniar arbg bg fa hm hmfa farm rm y pi piaf afrm rms, s, aspan aspanim imkh khag agta ta mr mrag agis isnm nm,, hí hírh rhbk bk,, atn. atn. Pamkizmrbg tbfb tipb fa nbgstrunnibgas? pmkmnibs rantmgeukmras y mkmremfbs, tahpkbs, ouaebs fa pakbtm, nmkzmfms qua ugèmg kms niufmfas prignipmkas, jbrtijinmnibgas, `mýbs fa vmpbr (tahmznmk). ^a nbgsarvmg ihpbrtmgtas piríhifas asnmkbgmfms ag piafrm. Ag kb mktb fa éstms sa nbkbnm`m ak tahpkb. Astm`mg fanbrmfms nbg pigturms fa ugm vmrimfm emhm fa nbkbras, y rakiavas. Mkeugbs fa astbs sbg igsnripnibgas fa km asnriturm oarbekèjinm hmym, mug gb fasnijrmfm nbhpkatmhagta. Kms nbgstrunnibgas hís ihpbrtmgtas fa astm épbnm astíg u`inmfms ag Nbpíg, ]uirieuí, Tiafrms Gaerms, Tmkagqua y Vicmk.

Ihmeag =. Niufmfas hmym ag Yunmtíg.

Ihmeag >. Tiríhifa fak Omeumr ag Vicmk. Ihmeag 0. Tiríhifa fa Cucukcíg ag Nlinlég-Itzí.

Mstrbgbhèm? Fasmrrbkkmrbg ug nmkagfmrib huy pranisb, Mstrbgbhèm? nbg ug mýb fa >:1 fèms. Ak mýb sbkmr (lmm`) tagèm =< hasas fa 04 fèms nmfm ugb y btrb hís fa sþkb nignb fèms. Kbs gbh`ras fa kbs hasas armg? Tbp, Qb, _ip, _btz, Vzan, \uk, Ymxcig, Hbk, Nlag, Ymx, _mn, Nal, Hmn, Cmgcig, Hbmg, Tmx, Cmym`, Nuh`u y Qmya`. Hmtahítinms ? Qtikizm`mg ug sistahm fa guharmniþg vieasihmk pbsinibgmk. Vmh`iég tagèmg ug siegb pmrm raprasagtmr ak narb, y msè  Hmtahítinms? pbf bfar ar ram amki kizm zmrr bpa parm rmni nibg bga as hm hmta tahí híti tinm nms s nbhp nbhpka kaom oms. s. Ak pugt pugtb b ti tiag aga a ug vmk mkbr br guhé héri rin nb fa = y km rmy rmym fa 1. Asnriturm?? Kbs hmyms fasmrrbkkmrbg ak sistahm fa asnriturm hís nbhpkatb fa tbfbs kbs pua`kbs igfèeagms mharinmgbs. Nbg ék Asnriturm asnri`iarbg tbfb tipb fa taxtbs? fa hafinigm, fa `btíginm, fa listbrim, fa hmtahítinms, fa mstrbgbhèm, agtra btrms nbsms. ^a nbgsarvmg, mfahís fa kms igsnripnibgas, mkeugbs nþfinas nbhb ak Nþfina fa Frasfa sb`ra mfivigmniþg y mstrbgbhèm3 ak Nþfina fa Tmrès, qua nbgtiaga prbjanèms y mfivigmnibgas3 ak Nþfina fa Hmfrif, nbgtiaga lbrþsnbpbs y mkhmgmquas y ak Nþfina Erbkiar, qua nbgtiaga ug nmkagfmrib nbhpkatb. Qgm fa kms prignipmkas b`rms kitarmrims fak pua`kb hmym as ak Tbpbk Zul, qua nuagtm ak brieag fak hugfb, mvagturms fa kbs fibsas y km nramniþg fa vmribs tipbs fa saras luhmgbs qua gb kbermrbg sb`ravivir, lmstm qua jigmkhagta sa nraþ m kbs saras luhmgbs fa hmèz qua sbhbs gbsbtrbs.

Ihmeag 1. ^istahm guhérinb hmym.

Ihmeag :. Fibs fak hmèz hmèz y Fibs Itzmhgí.

Nraag Nra agnim nims s y pagsm pagsmhia hiagtb gtb?? Kbs Kbs hm hmym yms s nraèmg qua mgtas fa axistir guastrb hugfb lm`èmg axistifb btrbs, parb qua astbs lm`èmg sifb fastru fas truifb ifbs s pbr fij fijarag aragtas tas nmtíst nmtístrbj rbjas. as. Ak ugivar ugivarsb sb tag tagèm èm tras tras pmr pmrtas tas?? ak niakb, niakb, km tiarrm tiarrm y ak Ihmeag 6. Tíeigm fa nþfina hmym. igjrmhugfb. Ak niakb tagèm => nmpms (km ÿktihm fa akkms ag nbgtmntb nbg km tiarrm) y nmfm ugm eb`argmfm pbr ugb fa kbs Bxmkmlugticÿ. Ak fibs Itzmhgí, m quiag sa raprasagtm`m nbg jbrhm fa raptik b ieumgm, raeèm ak Niakb ag su nbgougtb. Ak igjrmhugfb astm`m fa`mob fa km tiarrm, y astm`m fivififb ag 9 nmpms. Nmfm ugm fa

 

 

IA PB@APVB ZAKMGFIM  

FATMPVMHAGVB FA NIAGNIM^ ^BNIMKA^

Trbjasbr Hmrib Nlmnþg ^.

astms nmpms arm eb`argmfm pbr ugb fa kbs @bkbgticu b ^aýbras Lm`èm mfahís btrbs fibsas  fibsas  qua mntum`mg sb sb`ra `ra kms nbsms nbtifimgms? ak hmèz, km hiak, kbs h harnmfbs, arnmfbs, atn.

fa

km

Gbnla.

^bniafmf y ^bniafmf  y anbgbhèm? Km akita sbnimk km nbgstituèmg kbs smnarfbtas y kbs gb`kas, qua rasifèmg ag km niufmf. Kbs nmhpasigbs vivèmg ag kms zbgms rurmkas narnmgms m km niufmf. Axistèm km asnkmvituf. ^a supbga qua asbs asnkmvbs sarèmg km k m hmgb fa b`rm pmrm km nbgstrunniþg fa kms piríhifas nbkbsmkas, parb myufmfbs pbr kbs nmhpasigbs. Vmh`iég fa`iarbg axistir erupbs fa mrtasmgbs aspanimkizmfbs. Km `msa fa km anbgbhèm arm km merinukturm y jranuagtahagta sa tmkm`mg santbras fa sakvm pmrm ramkizmr guavbs nuktivbs. Kbs prignipmkas juarbg ak hmèz, ak mkebfþg y ak nmnmb. Asta ÿktihb tuvb tmgtm ihpbrtmgnim qua kkaeþ m sar utikizmfb nbhb hbgafm. Zifm nbtifimgm Ak prignipmk aspantínukb fa kbs hmyms arm ug ouaeb fa pakbtm, pmranifb mk jÿt`bk. ^aeÿg mkeugbs igvastiemfbras, kbs ouemfbras armg kbs prisibgarbs fa euarrm y sa fanmpitm`m m kbs qua parfèmg. Tarb ag ramkifmf arm hís qua ug sihpka ouaeb. Arm ug narahbgimk rakieibsb qua raprasagtm`m ak pmsb fa kbs mstrbs y ak sbk (raprasagtmfb pbr km pakbtm), qua as juagta fa vifm.

 

 

IA PB@APVB ZAKMGFIM  

FATMPVMHAGVB FA NIAGNIM^ ^BNIMKA^

Trbjasbr Hmrib Nlmnþg ^.

Ihmeag 5. Ouaeb fa pakbtm hmym. Ihmeag 9. Ikustrmniþg hmym. Ihmeag