GT reading test 1 (1)

Part 1 Questions 1-5 Look at the information about Camberwell College's swimming pools. Then answer the questions below. Camberwell College Swimming Pools Camberwell College has one 50m (Olympic sized) pool with a constant depth of 2m throughout, and one 25m pool with a 1m shallow end and a 4m deep end. Both pools may be used by the general public at certain times. 50m Pool The pool is often used for classes, but the general public may use two lanes for lane swimming at the following times. Monday: 0630 -1130 and 1900 - 2100 Tuesday: 0630 -1130 and 1800 - 2100 Wednesday: 0630 -1330 and 1730 - 2130 Thursday: 0630 -1330 Friday: 0630 -1330 Weekends: 0900 - 1700 Children under the age of 14 must be accompanied by an adult. Please note that during College holidays, these times will vary. Contact the swimming pool on 04837 393560 for up-to-date information. 25m Pool The 25 metre pool is available for recreational (non-lane) swimming from 0700-0900 and 1230-1330 on weekdays, and 1000 – 1600 on Saturdays. Children aged 12 and under must be accompanied. We regret that the 25m pool will be closed for refurbishment between 21st July and 18th August. The men's changing rooms will be closed for the week beginning 18th August, and the women's changing rooms will be closed the following week. Alternative changing facilities will be made available. We apologise for any disruption this may cause. For questions 1-5 select: True if the statement is true False if the statement is false Not Given if the information is not given in the passage 1. The general public can only use the 50m pool for lane swimming. 2. The general public cannot use the 50m pool on Sundays. 3. Men will be able to use the 25m pool on the 18th August. 4. The whole of the 25m pool is available to the public during recreational swimming hours. 5. The 50m pool is open during college holidays Questions 6-13 Look at the information about swimming classes. Then answer the questions below. Camberwell College Swimming Classes It’s an essential life skill, it can make you fit and it provides fun for all the family. Camberwell College’s offers swimming classes whatever for your needs, whether you want to swim competitively, you are trying to stay healthy or you want to learn. We offer separate classes for adults and children, following the National Plan for Teaching Swimming (NPTS).

We will guide you from your first splash and help you develop your confidence in the water. Swim-A-Long This class is suitable for parents with children aged up to the age of 1.5 years. This class allows very young children to gain confidence in the water, by way of songs and music. Tadpole to Frog Classes This series of classes is suitable for children aged 1.5 upwards. There are six levels in the series. The first level is suitable for non-swimmers and teaches basic techniques and safety, using aids and floats. By the time students reach the sixth level, they will be able to swim independently and will be eligible to join the Swim Star classes. Swim Star An opportunity for able swimmers to earn the Bronze, Silver and Gold swimming awards. These classes teach children the ability to swim for prolonged periods of time, and teach skills such as diving, turning and different strokes. Children who successfully complete the Swim Star programme will be invited to join the Youth Squad and learn competitive swimming techniques. Swim School The swim school offers classes for adults. There are three levels, beginner, intermediate and advanced. The beginner’s class is suitable for people who are new to swimming; the intermediate level is designed for swimmers who want to brush up on their swimming style, and the advanced level offers in-depth advice on stamina, breathing and technique. Aqua Health We offer a range of levels of fitness classes for able swimmers who wish to keep fit, socialise and have fun to music. Aqua-Light offers gentle exercise and is suitable for the elderly. Aqua-Pump is a high energy class which builds your strength and tones your body. Questions 6-13 Select a suitable swimming class for the people below. 6. A 5 year-old who is unable to swim 7. A mother who wants to introduce her baby to the water 8. A middle-aged person who can swim quite well but wants to improve his techniques 9. A teenager who is interested in swimming in competitions 10. An old man who wants to keep fit and meet people 11. A child who wants to be able to swim longer distances 12. A strong adult swimmer who wishes to learn complex skills 13. A woman who wants to learn to swim by using music Part 2 Questions 14-21 Read the Information about Gateway Academy's Pre-Sessional Courses. Then complete the sentences below. Gateway Academy Pre-Sessional Courses Our pre-sessional courses are ideal for students who have a conditional place at a British university, but who need to achieve a certain level of English in order to be accepted. The course aims to provide students with the English language and study skills that they need in order to be successful at university or another academic establishment. It is important to note that completion of the course does not guarantee students entrance into a

university. It is necessary for students to show during the course that they have understood the information and skills that they have been taught, and can incorporate it into their work. Pre-sessional students at Gateway Academy will benefit from:      

Small class sizes (no more than 10 students per class) Twenty three hours of tuition per week Individual support and tutorials Regular guest lecturers The use of the Academy's study and recreational facilities, including the Language Library, the computer suite, and the academy's sports facilities. A varied social programme including evening entertainments and weekend excursions to popular tourist attractions and cities such as Stonehenge, Oxford and Stratford-on-Avon.

The course offers a holistic approach to learning, and covers reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. During the course, students will receive instruction on important techniques such as summary-writing, analysing essay titles, organising writing, note-taking in lectures, giving seminars and making presentations. Students will gain experience in working both individually and in groups. As part of the course, all students will work towards a 5000 word project in their own field of study. Students will receive guidance from their tutors on how best to conduct research and write it up effectively. Students will also work towards a presentation on the same subject. There is no final examination. Students are assessed continuously, taking into account their attendance, successful completion of assignments and participation in class. Students will be given a full report on their progress at the end of the course. Students need to be aware that the course involves a great deal of coursework, which will require students to manage their time effectively. Gateway Academy offers three pre-sessional courses. A five-week course beginning in August is available for advanced level students; a ten-week course beginning in July is available for upper-intermediate students. Intermediate level students should take our twenty week course beginning in May. Intermediate level students get a two-week break in July. For questions 14-21 complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer. 14. The Pre-Sessional course is suitable for students whose place at British university is 15. During the course, students needs to show that they can understand and 16. Students will be able to use many of the Academy's

on Saturdays and Sundays. .

19. Students will have to research and write up a

related to their subject area.

20. In order to successfully complete their assignments, students will have to 21.

new skills. while they are studying.

17. Students will have the opportunity to visit 18. Students will work both alone and

.

students should start their course in July

Questions 22-27 Choose the correct title for the courses from the list of titles below.

well.

Gateway Academy In-Sessional Courses If you are currently studying for an undergraduate or post-graduate degree, you may wish to take one of our insessional courses, which run during the academic year. You may take up to three hours of classes per semester. Please choose your courses from the list below, complete an application form and hand it in at the Gateway Office. Writing up experiments This course is particularly suitable for science students, particularly those in engineering. It outlines the conventions of lab reports, including how they need to be structured and what content is required. This class is suitable for both native and non-native speakers. 22 Particularly useful for science students, but of interest to all, this course is an introduction to statistics. It shows how numbers can be manipulated to suggest different results, and how public opinion can be altered by clever statistical methods. It will provide an introduction into useful statistical methods, but is unsuitable for students who requiring advanced statistical skills for a thesis or dissertation. 23 This course teaches advanced mathematical and statistical skills, and is suitable for students working on projects which involve a great deal of quantitative data. The course outlines how to gather data, how to draw conclusions from it, and how best to present it diagrammatically. 24 This course concentrates on the skills needed to write academic essays. Students will learn how to develop essay titles, structure essays correctly, avoid plagiarism and reference their work. There will also be the opportunity to work on other elements of writing, including grammar and punctuation. The course is most suitable for non-native speaker and native speakers at undergraduate level. 25 A course especially designed for PhD students working on a long term project. As well as looking at conventions of PhD theses and improving research and study skills, the course also serves as a social group where PhD students, who often work alone, can share their experiences and offer each other encouragement and advice. 26 A course to iron out those typical mistakes in English essay writing. Common grammar mistakes, spelling errors and that dreaded apostrophe will be covered in detail. The course is designed for native speakers who lack confidence in writing, particularly those who have been away from academic environments for some time. 27 This course is suitable for non-native students at undergraduate or post-graduate level who wish to focus on grammar and language. Students will look at which tenses are used in which situations, look at passive structures and relative clauses. Suitable ‘chunks’ of language for academic situations will also be presented. Students will also have the chance to focus on individual grammar needs. Unsuitable for native speakers of English Part 3

Questions 28-40 Read the passage. Then answer the questions below. The Shock of the Truth A Throughout history, there have been instances in which people have been unwilling to accept new theories, despite startling evidence. This was certainly the case when Copernicus published his theory - that the earth was not the centre of the universe. B Until the early 16th century, western thinkers believed the theory put forward by Ptolemy, an Egyptian living in Alexandria in about 150 A.D. His theory, which was formulated by gathering and organizing the thoughts of

the earlier thinkers, proposed that the universe was a closed space bounded by a spherical envelope beyond which there was nothing. The earth, according to Ptolemy, was a fixed and immobile mass, located at the centre of the universe. The sun and the stars, revolved around it. C The theory appealed to human nature. Someone making casual observations as they looked into the sky might come to a similar conclusion. It also fed the human ego. Humans could believe that they were at the centre of God's universe, and the sun and stars were created for their benefit. D Ptolemy's theory, was of course, incorrect, but at the time nobody contested it. European astronomers were more inclined to save face. Instead of proposing new ideas, they attempted to patch up and refine Ptolemy's flawed model. Students were taught using a book called The Sphere which had been written two hundred years previously. In short, astronomy failed to advance. E In 1530, however, Mikolaj Kopernik, more commonly known as Copernicus, made an assertion which shook the world. He proposed that the earth turned on its axis once per day, and travelled around the sun once per year. Even when he made his discovery, he was reluctant to make it public, knowing how much his shocking revelations would disturb the church. However, George Rheticus, a German mathematics professor who had become Copernicus's student, convinced Copernicus to publish his ideas, even though Copernicus, a perfectionist, was never satisfied that his observations were complete. F Copernicus's ideas went against all the political and religious beliefs of the time. Humans, it was believed, were made in God's image, and were superior to all creatures. The natural world had been created for humans to exploit. Copernicus's theories contradicted the ideas of all the powerful churchmen of the time. Even the famous playwright William Shakespeare feared the new theory, pronouncing that it would destroy social order and bring chaos to the world. However, Copernicus never had to suffer at the hands of those who disagreed with his theories. He died just after the work was published in 1543. G However, the scientists who followed in Copernicus's footsteps bore the brunt of the church's anger. Two other Italian scientists of the time, Galileo and Bruno, agreed wholeheartedly with the Copernican theory. Bruno even dared to say that space was endless and contained many other suns, each with its own planets. For this, Bruno was sentenced to death by burning in 1600. Galileo, famous for his construction of the telescope, was forced to deny his belief in the Copernican theories. He escaped capital punishment, but was imprisoned for the rest of his life. H In time however, Copernicus's work became more accepted. Subsequent scientists and mathematicians such as Brahe, Kepler and Newton took Copernicus's work as a starting point and used it to glean further truths about the laws of celestial mechanics. I The most important aspect of Copernicus' work is that it forever changed the place of man in the cosmos. With Copernicus' work, man could no longer take that premier position which the theologians had immodestly assigned him. This was the first, but certainly not the last time in which man would have to accept his position as a mere part of the universe, not at the centre of it. Questions 28 - 34 The text has nine paragraphs, A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information? 28. the public's reaction to the new theory 29. an ancient belief about the position of the earth 30. Copernicus's legacy to the future of science 31. How academics built on Copernican ideas

32. An idea which is attractive to humans 33. Out-dated teaching and defective research 34. Scientists suffer for their beliefs

Questions 35 - 40 Look at the following statements and the list of people below. Ptolemy George Rheticus William Shakespeare Galileo Bruno Newton Match each statement with the correct person. 35. He, among others, used Copernicus's theories to advance scientific knowledge. 36. He proposed an inaccurate theory based on the work of early philosophers. 37. His attitude to the new theory was similar to that of the Church. 38. He was killed because of his belief in the new theory. 39. He was responsible for Copernicus's ideas being made public. 40. He had to go to jail because he believed in the new theory. http://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_general_reading3.htm

IELTS General Reading, test 2 part 1 Read the information below and answer the questions Self-Catering Holiday Cottages in the Lake District National Park At Lilliput Farm we have three cottages for rent as self-catering holiday accommodation. We have been awarded 4 stars in the Holiday Accommodation Accreditation Service for excellence in quality and service. Dairymaid’s Loft is situated above the barn under the eaves. It is the largest of the properties, having one double bedroom with en suite, a twin room and a single room. There is also a sofa-bed in the living room. There is a large kitchen, a living room, dining room and newly-fitted bathroom. Please note that, since the entire property is on the first floor, and the stairs are steep, the accommodation is not suitable for the elderly, the infirm, pets and very young children. Shepherd’s Rest is suitable for up to four occupants. There is a double bedroom and a twin room with bunkbeds. There is a small kitchen and a large living room. There is a shower room with separate WC. The accommodation is spread over two floors. Pets are allowed, but we request that they are kept downstairs. Haymaker’s Den is a one-bedroom cottage at ground floor level. There is also a sofa bed in the living room which can sleep two people. It has a large living area comprising a kitchen/diner and living space. There is a ramp leading up to the property, and the large bathroom is fitted so as to be suitable for wheelchair users and people who use walking aids. We ask that pets are not brought into this property. All the properties have: a television, CD player and DVD player. Dairymaid’s Loft and Haymaker’s Den have Sky Television. Shepherd’s Rest has wi-fi access. Cots can be provided to all properties, but please note that Dairymaid’s Loft may be unsuitable for toddlers and crawling babies. All properties have a washing machine, fridge freezer and microwave. Dairymaid’s Loft also has a dishwasher and a tumble drier. The cottages share an outside area with swings, a patio and barbecue area. Outdoor furniture is available in the barn. All cottages have electric power. None are fitted with gas. Electricity is paid via a meter. You will receive a £10 worth of electricity at the beginning of your stay with our compliments (£5 for short breaks). After that, you will need to add money to the meter. Shepherd’s Rest also has a wood-burning stove. Guests will receive one complimentary basket of wood. Subsequent baskets can be purchased for £2 each. Please help yourself to wood in the barn and put money in the honesty box. Cottages can be booked by the week or for short breaks. Short breaks are either Fridays – Mondays (3 nights) or Mondays to Fridays (4 nights). Discounts are available in the low season (October to March). Couples staying in Dairymaid’s Loft and Shepherd’s Rest can also get a two-person discount. Week-long bookings are on a Saturday – Saturday basis. We regret that it is not possible to accommodate arrivals on Fridays. We ask that guests arrive after 3pm and vacate the property by 10.30 on their departure date, so allow us to clean and prepare the properties for the next guests. To make a booking, you will need to make a deposit of fifty percent up front. The remainder is payable one month before your arrival. (If you make a booking less than a month in advance, you must pay the entire amount up front). If you need to cancel your stay, you will receive a complete refund if you contact us 30 days in advance of your booking. Cancellations made two weeks in advance will receive a 60% discount. We regret that we cannot give a discount for cancellations made less than two weeks in advance.

Use following words to answer Question 1 to 6 Dairymaid’s loft, Haymaker’s Den, Sheperd’s rest 1. Which of the cottages is most suitable for the following guests? An elderly couple, one of whom uses a walking frame? 2. A family of two adults and two children, the youngest being 3 years old? 3. A group of six young adults. 4. Someone who wants to use the internet during their stay. 5. Someone who doesn’t want to wash up while on holiday. 6. A family with a dog. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? TRUE - if the statement agrees with the information FALSE - if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN - if there is no information on this 7. Guests have to pay extra for all the electricity they use. 8. Each property has its own garden. 9. Dairymaid’s Loft costs less to rent if only two people stay there in December. 10. There are no electric heaters in Shepherd’s Rest. Complete the spaces using no more than three words or a number. Guests staying for a weekend should arrive on a

.

Guests staying for a full week should arrive on a

.

If you book two weeks before your stay, you must pay

% of the cost at once.

To get all your money back, you must cancel your stay at least

in advance.

IELTS General Reading, test 2 part 2 Read the information about visas for entry into the UK and then answer the questions. Border Regulations and Visa Applications If you wish to come to the United Kingdom, either as a visitor or a student, you may need to apply for a visa. Visas vary according to your age, the length of your stay and your level of English study. The following visa types are available:  Child Student  B. Child Visitor  Adult Student  D. Student Visitor  E. Prospective Student The UK operates a points-based system which will decide whether or not you can apply for a visa. You need 40 points in order to apply for a visa. You will obtain 30 points if you have confirmation from the college, university or school that you have been accepted on a course. Your chosen place of studies must be registered on the UK Border Agency list of sponsors. You can obtain a list by clicking on the link below. You will need to earn a further 10 by demonstrating that you cover the cost of your study fees and living costs. In doing so, you can rest assured that you will avoid financial difficulties while you are studying.

If you wish to extend your study experience in the UK, you will need to pass a further points-based assessment to ensure that you have been accepted on another course and that you can afford to pay the fees and living costs. To make your UK study experience even richer, you may be eligible for a work and study visa. Getting a job while you are studying can improve your language skills and enhance your CV by showing that you are flexible, team-oriented and well-organised. You will also be able to get a reference from your employer which will help you gain employment in the future. Before accepting a job, you must find out whether your visa allows you to work in the UK, and the maximum number of hours you can work each week from the UK Border Agency. Most UK places of study have a career service which will help you to access job listings, write a CV or application form and prepare for a job interview. To work in the UK you will need a National Insurance number. This number is used to deduct money from your earnings to fund benefits for the unemployed, incapacitated and retired. To obtain a national insurance number, you will need to attend an interview. You can make an appointment for an interview by calling 0845 600 0643 during usual office hours. You will need to take proof of identity, proof of your right to work in the UK and written proof of your job offer. You may start work before your number is issued as long as your employer deducts the appropriate national insurance contributions from your pay. 1. Each of the short paragraphs below gives information about the five types of visa A-E. Read each paragraph and choose which of the five links would contain this information. There is one paragraph that you do not need. paragraph i. If you have already completed a course of study in the UK and do not intend to study further, you can apply for this visa to extend your stay. This visa allows you to work in the UK for a further 6 months. paragraph ii. If you are under the age of 17 and wish to study for less than six months, you can apply for this visa. If you wish to extend your course of study, you may not swap to a student visa while you are in the UK. You must return to your home country and do so there. paragraph iii. Students in post-16 education can apply for this visa. This visa is suitable for students attending courses for over six months. Holders of this visa may be eligible to work in the UK. paragraph iv. Students over the age of 18 who wish to study for up to six months can apply for this visa. This visa does not allow students to work in the UK. Students may only extend their visa or switch to a student visa by returning to their home country. paragraph v. You can apply for this visa if you are between the ages of 4 and 15 and intend to attend a fulltime, fee-paying independent school for a period of over six months or more. 16 and 17 year olds may attend part-time, fee-paying establishments. paragraph vi. If you want to come to the UK before choosing your course of study, you can apply for this visa. You will need to start your course within 6 months of arrival. You may switch to an adult or child student visa while in the UK without returning to your home country. 1. A - Child Student 2. B - Child Visitor 3. C - Adult Student 4. D - Student Visitor 5. D - Prospective Student

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? (select one) TRUE - if the statement agrees with the information FALSE - if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN - if there is no information on this 6. You can obtain 30 points towards your visa if… You have already paid your school or college fees You have been accepted into a course of study You have proof that you can cover your study fees 7. If you want to extend your study visa… You only need to obtain 30 points You don’t need to repeat the points assesment You will need to do the process again 8. You can work in the UK if… You are legally eligible You are studying full time You have 40 points 9. For advice on finding a job, the writer suggests that you contact… The UK border agency A career service C the National Insurance agency 10. Your national insurance number will ensure that… You receive all the money you earn You receive money if you lose your job Some money is taken from your earnings 11. You can start work… Paragraph if your employer pays your contributions instead of you After applying for a National Insurance number Only once you have received a National Insurance number IELTS General Reading, test 2, part 3

Long-haul flights get longer Long-haul flights have just got longer, with a non-stop flight from Singapore to New York now in operation. But 18 hours in the air creates its own challenges. A lot of preparation goes into the ultra long haul flight. The aircraft is specifically designed for the journey with more space and extensive entertainment services. The flight crew are also specially trained. The seasoned traveller is also more aware of the health risks associated with a flight that covers as much as 16,600-kilometers (10,310-miles) in distance. Exposure to lower oxygen levels for up to 18, maybe 20, hours is abnormal for the human body. With deep vein thrombosis (DVT) the problem really starts occurring after 12 hours (in-flight). This could lead to an increase in heart attacks. Doctors believe prevention is better than cure when it comes to in-flight health. Passengers on ultra long range flights need to be provided with flight socks and, if necessary, tablets for thinning the blood. It is not just the health and vitality of the passenger that is at stake on a flight of this length, but also that of the flight crew.

"They give us training on fatigue management and how to adjust to the local time in New York and to exercise, as well as take care our diet and eat lightly in-flight," says Linda Wu, a stewardess on Singapore Airlines. However, passengers are trading in health concerns for convenience. An extra- long flight means passengers do not need to break up their journey and change planes. "They like to board once, de-plane once. It is saving time," says James Williams from Singapore Airlines. "From Los Angeles to Singapore, passengers are saving two and a half hours. And to New York passengers are saving up to four hours in flying time." Thai Airways is also launching a non-stop service to New York from Bangkok next June to compete with Singapore Airlines. It is planning a similar service to Chicago. Cathay Pacific, Continental, Qantas and Emirates Airlines also offer flights that are more than 14 hours in duration. However, there is still a question of whether longer non-stop flights will become popular. "They will certainly have a role in the future of aviation; there is no doubt about it. People will prefer to fly non-stop if it is available," says Chris Johnson, an airline analyst. "But we are reaching the limits. These markets are at the very margin of aviation. Most airlines still fly in the eight to 12-hour sector. This is still where the biggest volume in traffic is." Avery believes that geography will determine the demand for the ultra long-haul flight and that worldwide appeal for this type of flight is unlikely. "Asia is where the demand is for the ultra long-haul flight. They are connecting Asian cities to the U.S. East Coast, which is the big market," he explains. "The routes that connect most places that European business travellers go do not need a capacity and endurance to fly 18-hours - this is the same for U.S. carriers." 1

Why are longer flights potentially harmful to passengers and crew? Because there isn't as much oxygen in the air. People will get bored

2

long periods of inactivity will damage their bones What are flight socks? special socks to keep the plane free of harmful bacteria one of the preventive measures planned by airlines

socks that stop your blood getting too thin 3 Which of the following methods of countering the health problems caused by long flights is NOT mentioned? how best to cope with jet lag advice on food consumption during a flight 4

advice on drinking alchohol What are the advantages of longer flights? There are less problems with jet lag passengers save time

5

passengers get a good break between flights Where is the market for longer flights expected to develop? between Europe and America between Asia and America between Asia and Europe

TEST 3 General Training Reading Section – 2 Questions 1-13 Read the passage below and answer Questions 1-6.

School rules A Pupils are required to be in their classrooms by 8.30 a.m. each morning for registration. Pupils coming late will be punished accordingly. Pupils may not leave the school grounds during the normal working day without permission. During study periods and recreation students in the sixth form may leave the school grounds provided that parents have given written authorization at the beginning of the year. B Students must come to school in proper attire. If this basic rule is not observed, the school reserves the right to refuse entry to any student. C The school strongly disapproves of pupils taking paid employment. It should certainly never interfere with school activities, and will not be accepted as an excuse for missing any school commitment. D In the case of a pupil being absent from school. please telephone on the first day in all instances. Messages can be left on the answering machine before 7.30 a.m. or you can send an email to the school address to reach us by 8.30 a.m. at the latest. E Except in the case of illness, students are expected to be present for the entire school year. Routine medical and dental appointments should be arranged so as not to conflict with school commitments, as should family travel. F The school regards the completion of careful and regular work at home as an indispensable part of the cubiculum. Every pupil has a study plan outlining his/her evening obligations day by day and parents are asked to ensure that their child has a suitable place and time in which to do the work prescribed. If a pupil appears to be doing too little work. parents should contact the form teacher at once. G Homework can be excused only after the receipt and approval by the teacher concerned of a letter from a parent setting out the reasons. Social engagements are not acceptable as an excuse. It is essential that pupils endeavour to catch up on any missed work as soon as possible. H During the holidays the school and its grounds are out-of-bounds for all pupils, unless accompanied by a teacher. Pupils visiting the school's sports hall or any of the school's grounds or taking part in a school visit of any kind, whether in term or in the holidays, are subject to school rules. I No pupil may drive a car or motorbike within the school grounds without permission from the headmaster. Permission to come by bicycle should be obtained from the form teacher. Bikes must be walked onto the school grounds. Cycle helmets must be worn and lights used after dark. Rollerblades, roller skates and skateboards are not permitted within the school grounds at any time. J Bicycles must not be chained to the school railings. Any bicycles brought onto

school grounds should be clearly labelled with the owner's name and must be left locked in the bicycle sheds provided. K Parents are strongly advised to put name tags on their children's belongings. The school cannot be held responsible for any loss or theft of students' property. Students must keep track of their belongings and not leave them lying around unattended. Questions 1-6 The reading passage has eleven rules labelled A-K. Which rule contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-K next to Questions 1-6 below. NB You may use any letter more than once.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

information about what to do if your child cannot attend school the person to contact about how much homework your child should be doing advice about how students can keep their bicycles secure the school's opinion about schoolchildren working to earn money details of what parents should do if their child cannot complete their homework rules about visiting the school property outside of school time Questions 7-13 Read the passage below and answer Questions 7-13.

School of independent Study The University's Independent Study online and correspondence courses offer you the flexibility to reach your educational goals without giving up your life. The study materials you use in your course have been developed by the university faculty so the material you cover is the same as in the courses offered on campus. The only difference is that you can study and take tests when it's convenient for you. Tuition and fees The Independent Study tuition fee is $115 per course. Students may take as many courses as they want. There is a shipping and handling fee of $30 for each course. All Independent Study students must purchase a Study Guide at a cost of $30. The university also charges a connectivity fee of $12 per course. Students enrolling for the first time will be charged a $9 per course Academic Excellence fee; for returning students this fee is just $3 per course. A $15 Academic Records fee is charged once each term, regardless of the number of courses taken. This fee entitles a student to free replacement copies of end-of-course documentation for life. Tuition and fees for out-of-state students are the same as those of local residents. Time limits A course can be 6nished in a minimum of two weeks per module and must be 6nished in a maximum of four weeks. For example, if your course has three modules you must remain in it for a minimum of six weeks and a maximum of twelve weeks. If you need to meet a deadline, you should take these minimum and maximum periods into account. These periods are calculated from the elate you receive your 6rst lesson from the Independent Study office. Modules cannot always be completed in the minimum amount of time. You need to make sure that you know whether your instructors are on vacation at any stage during your enrolment, as this could affect the return of assignments, exams and 6nal grades. Your enrolment is valid for nine months, which begins on the day we post your enrolment application.

Questions 7-13 Look at the following statements. Next to Questions 7-13 write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 7 The course content offered through the School of Independent Study is different to the other

courses the university offers. 8 Students will receive all course materials by post. 9 The Study Guide is optional for Independent Study students. 10 Students will need to pay for extra copies if they lose their final certificate. 11 Students are able to complete each module in less than two weeks. 12 Students may take four weeks to complete a module if necessary. 13 Some modules take longer than two weeks to complete.

Answers: 1D 2 F 3 J 4C 5G 6H 7 False 8 Not given 9 False 10 False 11 False 12 True 13 True

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TEST 4 IELTS General Training Reading 1 Questions 1-9 Read the passage below and answer Questions 1-9.

How: to choose a university course How do I choose a course? You've decided you want to do a course. Whether you would like a career change, a better job or simply to learn something new, it's a good idea to think carefully first. Here's a guide to help you. Qualifications - why do I need them? Qualifications prove you've acquired knowledge or developed skills. For some careers like medicine and law, it's essential you have specific qualifications. For others, such as journalism, it helps to have a particular qualification. Most universities set entry requirements for degree courses. Mature entrants don't always need formal qualifications, but need evidence of recent study, relevant work experience or professional qualifications. Professional bodies may grant you membership if you have certain qualifications. It's not always essential to have a qualification. Working knowledge, such as being able to use computer software, can be just as important. What type of course should I do? Your motives will help you choose the best course for your aims and goals. If you are career-driven, you'll need a course relevant to your profession. If you are interested in self-development and meeting people, you should find out who else will be on the course. There are work-related (vocational) and academic courses. Further education colleges offer academic courses and work-related courses. Universities offer higher education qualifications, such as academic first degrees and higher degrees and the more vocational diplomas. For a career in plumbing, a vocational course is essential. For teaching, you need a degree. However, for many jobs, you have a choice between academic and vocational courses. A vocational course is better if you like doing things with your hands and working manually. You might prefer an academic course if you like researching, analyzing and presenting arguments. Which type of study would suit me best? Do you prefer on-the-job training, or do you prefer to research and gather facts? Do you like working in a group covering the same topics and working towards the same goal? If you prefer to work on your own, at your own pace, an open or distance learning course might suit you. You study from home, with the help of tuition packs, computers and tutor support via telephone or email. You can speed through the course or take your time. But you do need self-discipline and motivation.

  

What about my personal circumstances? You might prefer an open or distance leaming course if: you're working and you don't know how much time a week you can commit to you work irregular hours you're at home looking after pre-school children. Many colleges and training centres now offer flexible open-learning courses, where you can study at your own pace.

How do I know if it's a good course? You've decided which subject and type of course you want, and how to study it. You now need to choose between different course titles and providers. There are many courses and they aren't of equal value. The only way to assess the quality and value of a course is by research. Read prospectuses (course guides) carefully and note if a course is accredited or validated by a recognised body (this might be an awarding body or a professional body). This can add extra weight to your qualification. Don't take everything you read at face value; check out the facts about each course yourself. Ask course tutors as many questions as you want. Bow can I be sure I'm making the right choice? Be dear of your goal. If you've decided on a particular job, get an idea of what the job's about and if you like it. Read careers information, buy trade magazines, and speak to people currently working in the job. This research is well worth it. It's better to take your time rather than do a course that leads to a job you might not really want. You'll ensure that you don't waste any time or money. What am I going to do after the course? Plan for when you finish. If you're aiming for a particular job, do voluntary work while studying. If you're doing an English course and want to be a journalist, you could write for the student newspaper or work on the radio. Having a plan will help you make the most of the opportunities that come your way when you're on the course. Questions 1-5 Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-F from the box below. Write the correct letter A-F next to Questions 1-5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Students who want to do law Mature students Students who are motivated by self-development Students who have young children Students who choose a career in journalism

A will not need any experience to start a course B will benefit from open-learning courses C could get relevant work experience while they study D can be accepted onto a course without qualifications E should enquire about the other students on their course F must have certain qualifications Questions 6-9 Classify the following statements as applying to A academic courses B vocational courses C both academic and vocational courses Write the correct letter A-C next to Questions 6-9. 6 These courses are available through further education colleges. __________ 7 You must take this kind of course if you wish to have a career in plumbing. __________ 8 You will learn research methods on this type of course. __________

9 You will learn practical skills on this course. __________ Answers: 1 F 2D 3 E 4B 5 C 6C 7 B 8A 9 B

TEST 5 IELTS General Reading

Questions 1-8 Look at the information about five museums A-E in Seoul, South Korea. For which museum are the following statements true? Write the correct letter A-F next to Questions 1-8. NB You may write any letter more than once. 1 This museum also functions as an occasional venue for performing arts______________. 2 You can learn about natural history in this museum_________________________. 3 This museum is the only one of its kind in Korea__________________________. 4 This is the most high-tech of the museums________________________. 5 A historical building once stood where this museum stands today__________. 6 This museum contains something for the very distant future__________. 7 The exhibits in this museum include objects from the distant past__________. 8 You can take classes one day a week at this museum__________. A Namsangol Traditional Folk Village Located just north of Namsan Park, this recreation of a small village depicts the architecture and gardens of the Chosun Dynasty (1393-1910). There are five restored traditional houses from that era. A large pavilion overlooks a beautiful pond and an outdoor theatre hosts dance and drama performances on weekends. There is also a hall displaying traditional handicrafts and a kiosk selling souvenirs. Recently, a time capsule containing 600 items representing the lifestyle of modernday people of Seoul was buried to celebrate the city's 600th anniversary. In 2394, it will be opened! B Eunan Museum This privately-owned museum displays rare specimens of animals, ores, and species of insects collected from around the world. The building comprises six floors. one under ground and five above. Among the fauna on exhibition are shellfish, insects, butterflies and birds. The collection is housed on the lower floors. On the third floor is a library and the fifth floor has a study room and an ocean exhibition hall. One aim of the museum is to bring animal extinction to the attention of the public. C National Museum of Korea This is one of the most extensive museums in Seoul, housing art and archaeological relics from Korean prehistory through to the end of the Chosun Dynasty (1910). Throughout the three-floor museum, there are 4,500 artifacts on display in 18 permanent galleries. Audio guides, touch screens, and video rooms all help to bring the ancient world alive here. In addition to regular exhibitions, the museum offers special educational programs such as public lectures, arts and crafts classes, and special tours. D Seoul Metropolitan Museum of Art Established in 1988, this museum is located on the former site of Kyonghee-gung palace. There are four floors with six exhibition halls. The collections include more than 170 Korean paintings, Western paintings and prints. Spend a peaceful and relaxing day amidst beautiful works of art. If you are an art enthusiast and would like to learn, the museum offers art courses every Friday. E Korea Sports Museum This is the sole museum in Korea dedicated to sports. It displays about 2,500 items tracing back to 1920, when Korea's first sports organization was founded. You can browse through sports memorabilia such as badges, medals, photographs, trophies, and mascots related to national and international sports events. Make sure not to miss the taekwondo-related exhibits. Questions 9-14 Read the information below and answer Questions 9-14.

Buying a Backpack Most walkers will know the value of a good backpack. Choosing one is a different matter, as any trip to an outdoor shop will reveal. To help, gear expert Peter Hawkins examines the ins and outs of a backpack. A quick glance through my outdoor trade directory reveals 49 companies that sell or make rucksacks. If they all produce ten backpacks then we have a frightening number for the humble beginner to choose from. So before you set foot in an outdoor shop consider what you want your rucksack for. The first and most vital consideration is your anticipated load. If your walks are short summer evening

strolls then a small sack would be fine, but if your walks are day-long and year-round then your sack will need to be bigger. Mine typically contains a flask, packed lunch, waterproofs, clothing I've peeled off during the day, first aid kit and an emergency shelter. In winter I add a sleeping bag and a torch. I need a sack with a reasonable capacity. My current backpack is a Craghopper AD30 (30 liters) which is just big enough. Admittedly, I do often lead walking parties in remote places so perhaps my added responsibilities cause me to carry more. Compare my list with yours to see if you need as much carrying space. The second consideration is weight. Choose a light sack, but make sure it can take the weight of what you are carrying and it supports the load comfortably on your back. The next thing to consider is the rucksack's features. Today you can get quite technically advanced backpacks boasting excellent features: advanced fabrics, a variety of side and lid pockets, loops for walking poles, internal frames, adjustable straps, hip belts and clever ventilation systems to keep your back cool. You also need to look inside. It may seem obvious, but you should choose a backpack that allows you easy access. Some have narrow necks that make removing bulky items difficult. It's also important to choose a backpack that fits the length of your back. Being six feet I need a long, thin rucksack rather than a short, wider one. If I use the latter, I have a hip belt round my stomach! Last, and probably least, we have the look of the sack to consider. Obviously, you can't see it when it's on your back, but why buy something that won't look good on you? After all, there's no shortage of colours or designs to choose from. Questions 9-14 Do the following statements agree with the opinions of the writer in the Reading passage? Next to Questions 914 write YES if the statement agrees with the opinions of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the opinions of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this. 9 Few companies make backpacks ________. 10 When choosing a backpack, people should think about their needs__________. 11 The Crag hopper AD30 is more comfortable than other brands__________. 12 Manufacturers still need to solve the problem of backpacks causing your back to get hot_____. 13 A person's physical shape and size is an important consideration when choosing a backpack___. 14 The style of a backpack is less important than other considerations__________.

Answers: 1A 2 B 3 E 4C 5D 6A 7 C 8D 9 No 10 Yes 11 Not given 12 No 13 Yes 14 Yes

Test 6 Questions 1-7 MAIL ORDER BROCHURE Want some great clothing ideas for your family?

Our key for clothing specials in July: M for men

W for women

C for children

For under $10 Cotton socks C Woollen socks C Sports socks M Patterned belts W

- made of pure cotton for long wearing - to keep young feet warm in winter - to go with jeans and other casual clothes - to go with jeans and other casual clothes

For under $25 Cotton shirts W Silk shirts M T shirts C Colour T-shirts M W

- for day and evening wear - five sizes, in designer colours, for that special social occasion - hard-wearing, white with a variety of animal motifs - cotton and polyester blend, plain colours, no ironing

For under $50 Blue jeans M W Silk shirts M W Hooded jacket C jacket W

- non-shrink, colourfast, small sizes only - plain and patterned, all sizes - protects from the wind, 4 sizes, large strong pockets - waterproof with zipper front, all sizes

• Or you can buy a gift voucher so that someone else can choose. These come in $10, $20 and $50 amounts. Additional monthly specials for July to September

July August September

- $10 voucher with any purchase over $60 - Travel alarm clock worth $19.95 free with purchases of $80 or more! - Children's backpacks. Free with any credit card purchase over $75!

Note: Postage and packing charges These are applied to each order as follows: Within Australia: $7.95 per address, regular post $17.95 for Express Delivery Service (overnight)

Overseas:

Surface Mail (allow a minimum of two months for delivery) Airmail (allow around two weeks delivery to most destinations) Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text. In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

TRUE

if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE

if the statement is false according to the passage

NOT GIVEN

if the information is not given in the passage

Women's cotton socks cost less than men's. Men's silk shirts are available in more than five colours. Children's 7-shirts come in a variety of colours. The child's jacket has four pockets. If you buy clothes worth $80 in August, you will receive a free alarm clock. The charge for special next-day delivery in Australia is $7.95. All clothing is guaranteed to arrive within two months. Questions 8-14 New Book Releases A

This book describes the creativity of Aboriginal people living in the driest parts of Australia. Stunning reproductions of paintings, beautiful photography and informative text.

B

Pocket-sized maps and illustrations with detailed information on the nesting sites and migration patterns of Australia. This is a classic booklet suitable for both beginner and expert.

C

Packed full of information for the avid hiker, this book is a must. Photographs, maps and practical advice will guide your journeys on foot through the forests of the southern continent.

D

More than-an atlas - this book contains maps, photographs and an abundance of information on the land and climate of countries from around the globe.

E

Australia's premier mountain biking guidebook - taking you through a host of national parks and state forests.

F

Here's the A-Z of Australian native animals - take an in-depth look at their lives and characteristics, through fantastic photographs and informative text.

G

Graphic artists have worked with researchers and scientists to illustrate how these prehistoric animals lived and died on the Australian continent.

H

A definitive handbook on outdoor safety - with a specific focus on equipment, nutrition, first aid, special clothing and bush skills.

I

Detailed guides to 15 scenic car tours that will take you onto fascinating wilderness tracks and along routes that you could otherwise have missed.

The list of New Book Releases on the following page has nine book descriptions A-I. Choose the correct title for each book from the list of book titles below. Write the correct number i-xi in boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet. List of Book Titles i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi

Field Guide to Native Birds of Australia The Bush on Two Wheels: 100 Top Rides Bush Foods of Australian Aborigines A Pictorial History of the Dinosaur in Australia Bushwalking in Australia World Geographica Driving Adventures for 4-wheel-drive Vehicles Survival Techniques in the Wild Encyclopaedia of Australian Wildlife Guide to the Art of the Australian Desert Field Guide to Animals of the World

8

Book A

9

Book B

10

Book C

Example

Book D

11

Book E

12

Book F

13

Book G

14

Book H

Example

Book I

vi

vii

General Reading

Passage 2 Questions 15-20 WORK & TRAVEL USA Do you want to hove the best summer holiday ever? Have you just graduated and want to escape for a unique experience abroad? Only $1950 will make It all happen! This unbeatable program fee includes: •

return flight from Sydney to Los Angeles (onward travel in USA not included)

•

3 months' insurance cover

•

2 nights' accommodation on arrival plus meet and greet and airport transfer

•

arrival orientation by experienced InterExchange staff

•

visa application fees

You also have: •

access to a J l visa enabling you to work in the USA

•

an extensive directory of employers

•

InterExchange support throughout the program

•

24-hour emergency support throughout the length of the program Call toll-free 1800 678 738

InterExchange has 50 yeors' experience in international student exchange programs. 18,000 students from around the world travel yearly to the USA on this very program. InterExchange con also offer you work opportunities in other countries. WHAT IS INTEREXCHANGE? InterExchange, one of the world's leading operators of international exchange programs and related services: •

is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation

•

has 700 professional staff in 30 countries worldwide

•

was founded in 1947

InterExchange operates these programs for students all around the world. It offers you trained and travelled staff, plus full support during the application process. You can choose any job that interests you anywhere in the USA, whether that is working in a law firm in Boston, a famous ski resort in Colorado or serving coffee and doughnuts in the bzzing streets of New York. You can select the period you work and the period you travel; you may want to work for 1 month and travel for 3, or work the entire duration of your stay. The choice is yours. YOU CAN TAKE UP THIS OPPORTUNITY IF YOU ARE: •

a full-time student at an Australian university or TAFE college

•

presently enrolled, or finishing this year, or you have deferred a year of study

•

over 18 years old by November in the academic year in which you apply to InterExchange

•

enthusiastic about the experience of a lifetime ...

Sign up now!! SECTION 2 Question 15-27 Questions 15-20 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the advertisement. In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write TRUE

if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE

if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN

iif there is no information on this

15 The program cost includes internal flights within the USA. 16 Emergency assistance offered in the program includes legal advice. 17 InterExchange offers similar programs in countries other than the USA. 18 InterExchange is part of a government program. 19 There are no restrictions on the type of job you can do. 20 There is an upper age limit for applicants.

Questions 21-27 NETSCAPE File edit View Go Communicator Help CONTENTS: ARTHUR PHILLIP COLLEGE A about Arthur Phillip College

G learning methods

B entry requirements

H course fees

C orientation for new students

I study commitment

D academic counselling service

J assessment and results

E credit courses to university

K social activities and clubs

F assistance for international students

L what's new

Questions 21-27 Each of the short paragraphs below (21-27) gives information about Arthur Phillip College. Read each paragraph und choose which of the linked sections of the website, A-L, would contain this information.

Write the correct letter A-L in boxes 21-17 on your answer sheet. 21 All students receive a transcript of results and relevant award documentation when they end their studies with the College. 22 On enrolment, all students receive automatic membership to the Social Club and Public Speaking Club. Students may choose to participate in any arranged activities. The College encourages and promotes interaction between students and teaching and non-teaching staff. 23 Successful completion and the achievement of an A or B result in some courses will enable students to achieve advanced standing in these subjects if they proceed to university study. For a list of the courses acceptable to a particular university, a-mail us your request with the name of the university and the course you are interested in. 24 Arthur Phillip College is one of the top business colleges in Sydney, Australia. The College offers a wide range of educational and training programs in business and related areas. Its accredited vocational training courses are designed to meet the needs of individual students and industry. 25 At Arthur Phillip College you will learn from lectures, seminars, case studies, group projects, individual assignments and class workshops. Lectures and seminars present concepts and ideas and provide for question-and-answer sessions. Students are expected to take an active role in the learning process through class participation, presentations and projects. 26 Courses at Arthur Phillip College involve an average of 25 hours per week of tuition time, with supervised group study accounting for a further 5 hours per week. At least 10 hours per week of individual study is also recommended for most courses. 27 During this program you will meet the Director of Studies, teachers and key administrative staff such as the Accommodation Officer and Student Counsellor so that, right from your first day, you will know how each of them can help you during your time at the College.

General Reading Passage 3 Questions 28-40 LACK OF SLEEP Section A It is estimated that the average man or woman needs between seven-and-a-half and eight hours' sleep a night. Some can manage on a lot less. Baroness Thatcher, for example, was reported to be able to get by on four hours' sleep a night when she was Prime Minister of Britain. Dr Jill Wilkinson, senior lecturer in psychology at Surrey University and co-author of 'Psychology in Counselling and Therapeutic Practice', states that healthy individuals sleeping less than five hours or even as little as two hours in every 24 hours are rare, but represent a sizeable minority. Section B The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest and replenish, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated. One supporting

In the fifth stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the heartbeat quickly gets back to normal levels, brain activity accelerates to daytime heights and above and the eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at something. During this stage, the body is almost paralysed. This REM phase is also the time when we dream. Section E Sleeping patterns change with age, which is why many people over 60 develop insomnia. In America, that age group consumes almost half the sleep medication on the market. One theory for the age-related change is that it is due to hormonal changes. The temperature General Training: Reading and Writing rise occurs at daybreak in the young, but at three or four in the morning in the elderly. Age aside, it is estimated that roughly one in three

piece of evidence for this rest-and¬repair theory is that production of the growth hormone somatotropin, which helps tissue to regenerate, peaks while we are asleep. Lack of sleep, however, can compromise the immune system, muddle thinking, cause depression, promote anxiety and encourage irritability.

people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything from pregnancy and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Smoking is a known handicap to sleep, with one survey showing that ex-smokers got to sleep in 18 minutes rather than their earlier average of 52 minutes.

Section C Researchers in San Diego deprived a group of men of sleep between Sam and lam on just one night, and found that levels of their bodies' natural defences against viral infections had fallen significantly when measured the following morning. 'Sleep is essential for our physical and emotional well-being and there are few aspects of daily living that are not disrupted by the lack of it', says Professor William Regelson of Virginia University, a specialist in insomnia. 'Because it can seriously undermine the functioning of the immune system, sufferers are vulnerable to infection.'

Section F Apart from self-help therapy such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments, including relaxation training and therapy aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties. There is also sleep reduction therapy, where the aim is to improve sleep quality by strictly regulating the time people go to bed and when they get up. Medication is regarded by many as a last resort and often takes the form of sleeping pills, normally benzodiazepines, which are minor tranquillisers.

Section D For many people, lack of sleep is rarely a matter of choice. Some have problems getting to sleep, others with staying asleep until the morning. Despite popular belief that sleep is one long event, research shows that, in an average night, there are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages is repeated. In the first light phase, the heart rate and blood pressure go down and the muscles relax. In the next two stages, sleep gets progressively deeper. In stage four, usually reached after an hour, the slumber is so deep that, if awoken, the sleeper would be confused and disorientated. It is in this phase that sleep-walking can occur, with an average episode lasting no more than 15 minutes.

SECTION 3 Question 28-40 Questions 28-37 The passage has seven sections labelled A-G.

Section G Professor Regelson advocates the use of melatonin for treating sleep disorders. Melatonin is a naturally secreted hormone, located in the pineal gland deep inside the brain. The main function of the hormone is to control the body's biological clock, so we know when to sleep and when to wake. The gland detects light reaching it through the eye; when there is no light, it secretes the melatonin into the bloodstream, lowering the body temperature and helping to induce sleep. Melatonin pills contain a synthetic version of the hormone and are commonly used for jet lag as well as for sleep disturbance. John Nicholls, sales manager of one of America's largest health food shops, claims that sales of the pill have increased dramatically. He explains that it is sold in capsules, tablets, lozenges and mixed with herbs. It is not. effective for all insomniacs, but many users have weaned themselves off sleeping tablets as a result of its application.

Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 28 the different amounts of sleep that people require 29 an investigation into the results of sleep deprivation 30 some reasons why people may suffer from sleep disorders 31 lifestyle changes which can help overcome sleep-related problems 32 a process by which sleep helps us to remain mentally and physically healthy 33 claims about a commercialised man-made product for sleeplessness 34 the role of physical changes in sleeping habits 35 the processes involved during sleep

Questions 36-40 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage. In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write TRUE

if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE

if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN

iif there is no information on this

36 Sleep can cure some illnesses. 37 The various stages of sleep occur more than once a night. 38 Dreaming and sleep-walking occur at similar stages of sleep. 39 Sleepers move around a lot during the REM stage of sleep. 40 The body temperature rises relatively early in elderly people.

Test 7 Passage 1 Questions 1-7 WALK FOR CHARITY

Dear Friend, Please join us for our annual Walk for Charity. Starting in Weldown, you and your friends can choose a delightful 10, 20 or 30 kilometre route. The money raised will provide support to help people all over the world. Start collecting your sponsors now and then simply come along on the day. Please read the instructions below carefully, especially if you require transport to and from Weldown. See you on Sunday 14 May, V Jessop Walk Co-ordinator P S. Well done to last year's walkers for helping to raise a grand total of £21,000. The money has already been used to build a children's playground. START TIMES: 30 km: 8-10 am 20 km: 8 - 10.30 am 10 km: 8 - 11.30 am The organisers reserve the right to refuse late-comers. CLOTHING should be suitable for the weather. If rain is forecast, bring some protection and be prepared for all eventualities. It is better to wear shoes that have been worn in, rather than ones that are new. ROUTE MAPS will be available from the registration point. The route will be sign-posted and marshalled. Where the route runs along the road, walkers should keep to one side in single file, facing oncoming traffic at oll times. If you need help along the route, please inform one of the marshals. Free car parking available in car parks and on streets in Weldown. BUSES For the 10 and 20 km routes, a bus will be waiting at Fenton to take walkers back to Weldown; The bus will leave every half-hour starting at midday. The service is free and there is no need to book.

SECTION 1 Question 1-14 Questions 1-7 Look at the information on the given page about a walk for charity. Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. 1 What is the starting point for the 30 km walk? 2 What is the latest start time for the 20 km walk? 3 Regarding footwear, what are you warned against wearing? 4 What are the officials who help participants on the route called? 5 Where does the 20 km walk finish? 6 What is the frequency of the Fenton to Weldown bus? 7 Which walk does not pass through Lower Brene?

Questions 8-14 The Week's Best

A Wild Rose (Tuesday 19.00) This TV drama is about a young private detective employed by a team of New York businessmen who send her to Brazil to look into a series of hotel robberies. When she gets there, she discovers that the hotels, which are owned by the businessmen, have been empty for the last two years and the local authorities have no record of any robberies. B Animal Planet (Wednesday 23.00) This is a classic black-and-white film from the forties in which astronaut Charlie Huston crash-lands on a planet ruled entirely by animals. It is a first-class suspense adventure which also looks at the human condition, although this is not always a successful part of the film. C Strange Encounter (Saturday 21.00) Suspense is skilfully built up in this clever, small-scale supernatural story. A young couple view a deserted old house that they are

All she has to do now is walk the length of France and Britain and she has succeeded in walking around the world. Tonight she drinks coffee in a tent and tells her story to Janet Street-Porter before she sets off for the Pyrenees mountains. E Rubicon 5 (Thursday 20.30) This is a TV film being used to launch a new science fiction series. It has impressive special effects and a strong, believable cast of characters who travel to the twenty-third century. The action takes place in underground cities where the environment is controlled by computers. F New Science (Friday 19.30) This popular half-hour science magazine continues into its twenty-ninth year, proving itself to be a hardy survivor in the television world. Tonight it is presented by Carol Vorderman who introduces five reports, which include computer-driven cars and in-flight tenpin bowling.

interested in buying. They meet a strange old lady who tells them of the mystical powers of the house and haw previous owners have been able to travel back through the centuries to meet their. ancestors. D The Longest Walk (Tuesday 21.30) Ffyona Campbell is nearly there.

G There and Back Again (Sunday 22.00) Paul Theroux's account of his recent journey from London to Japan and back makes ideal material for this evening's travel slot. Based on his own novel, the progress of his journey on the railways of Europe and Asia (Victoria station, Paris, Istanbul...) acts as a fascinating travelogue as the inhabitants gradually shift from the West to the East.

Questions 8-14 Look at the seven television programmes A-G on the given page and answer Questions 8-14. For which programme are the following statements true? Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 8 This programme is in the form of a personal interview. 9 This programme is a documentary about technological developments. 10 These TWO programmes are about time travel. 11 This programme is taken from a book. 12 This film is the introduction to a set of programmes. 13 These TWO programmes are about present-day travellers. 14 This programme is about investigating a possible crime.

General Reading Passage 2 Questions 15-20 BINGHAM REGIONAL COLLEGE International Students' Orientation Programme What is it? It is a course which will introduce you to the College and to Bingham. It takes place in the week before term starts, from 24th - 28th September inclusive, but you should plan to arrive in Bingham on the 22nd or 23rd September. Why do we think it is important? We want you to have the best possible start to your studies and you need to find out about all the opportunities that college life offers. This programme aims to help you do just that. It will enable you to get to know the College, its facilities and services. You will also have the chance to meet staff and students. How much will it cost? International students (non-European Union students) For those students who do not come from European Union (EU) countries, and who are not used to European culture and customs, the programme is very important and you are strongly advised to attend. Because of this, the cost of the programme, exclusive of accommodation, is built into your tuition fees.

EU students EU students are welcome to take part in this programme for a fee of £ 195, exclusive of accommodation. Fees are not refundable. Accommodation costs (international and EU students) If you have booked accommodation for the year ahead (41 weeks) through the College in one of the College residences (Cambourne House, Hanley House, the Student Village or a College shared house), you do not have to pay extra for accommodation during the Orientation programme. If you have not booked accommodation in the College residences, you can ask us to pre-book accommodation for you for one week only (Orientation Programme week) in a hotel with other international students. The cost of accommodation for one week is approximately £ 165. Alternatively, you can arrange your own accommodation for that week in a flat, with friends or a local family. What is included during the programme? Meals: lunch and an evening meal are provided as part of the programme, beginning with supper on Sunday 23rd September and finishing with lunch at midday on Friday 28th September. Please note that breakfast is not available. Information sessions: including such topics as accommodation, health, religious matters, welfare, immigration, study skills, careers and other 'essential information'. Social activities: including a welcome buffet and a half-day excursion round Bingham. Transport: between your accommodation and the main College campus, where activities will take place. SECTION 2 Question 15-27 Questions 15-20 Do the following statements agree with the information given in this page. In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN iif there is no information on this 15 Participants are advised to arrive one or two days early. 16 The cost of the programme for European Union students, excluding accommodation, is £195. 17 The number of places available is strictly limited. 18 Some students are not charged extra for accommodation during the programme. 19 The College will arrange accommodation with local families. 20 You can obtain breakfast at the College for an extra charge.

Questions 21-27 Student Accommodation The College offers five basic accommodation options. Here is some information to help you make your choice A CAMBOURNE HOUSE - self-catering, student residence, located in the town centre about 2 miles from the main College campus. Up to 499 students live in 6, 7 and 8 bedroom flats, all with en-suite shower rooms. Rent is £64 per week, including bills (not telephone). Broadband Internet connections and telephones, with communal kitchen/dining and lounge areas. Parking space is available, with permits costing £60 per term.

B STUDENT VILLAGE - features 3, 4, 5 and 7 bedroom, self-catering shared houses for 250 students close to the main College campus. Rent is £60 per week inclusive of bills (except telephone). Parking is available with permits costing £90 for the academic year. C HANLEY HOUSE - a second, modern, self-catering residence in the town centre for 152 students. Eighteen rooms per floor with communal kitchens, lounges, bathrooms and toilets. Rent is £53 per week including bills (not telephone). There is no space for parking nearby. D GLENCARRICK HOUSE - a privately-owned and managed student residence in the town centre above a multi-storey car park, close to a major nightclub and housing 120 students. Rooms are allocated by the College Accommodation Service. Rents range from £58.50 to £68.50 for a single en-suite room or larger en-suite room respectively. A small extra charge is made for electricity. E HOUSE SHARES - this recent initiative is a range of shared houses for 140 students, conforming to standards set by us to meet all legal safety requirements. A room in a shared house costs between £45 and £55 per week, exclusive of bills, and will be within a 4-mile radius of both campuses. As with halls of residence, the rent is payable termly. Questions 21-27 Look at the accommodation options A-E on the given page. For which options are the following statements true? Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 21 This is possibly inconvenient for car owners. 22 This is best if you like surfing the Web. 23 Of the College residences, this has the fewest students. 24 This is a new option offered by the College. 25 You have to organise parking a year at a tim. 26 This accommodation does not belong to the College. 27 Here you definitely do not have your own bathroom.

General Reading Passage 3 Questions 28-40 GLOW - WORMS

A The glow-worm belongs to a family of beetles known as the lampyridae or fireflies. The fireflies are a huge group containing over 2000 species, with new ones being discovered all the time. The feature which makes fireflies and glow-worms so appealing is their ability to produce an often dazzling display of light. The light is used by the adult fireFlies as a signal to attract a mate, and each species must develop its own 'call-sign' to avoid being confused with other species glowing nearby. So within any one area each species will differ from its neighbours in some way, For example in the colour or pattern of its light, how long the pulses of light last, the interval between pulses and whether it displays in flight or from the ground.

B The fireflies' almost magical light has attracted human attention for generations. It is described in an ancient Chinese enryclopaedia written over 2000 years ago by a pupil of Confucius. Fireflies often featured in Japanese and Arabian folk medicine. All over the world they have been the inspiration for countless poems, paintings and stories. In Britain, for example, there are plenty of anecdotes describing how glowworms have been used to read by or used as emergency bicycle lamps when a cyclist's batteries have failed without warning. Early travellers in the New World came back with similar stories, of how the native people of Central America would collect a type of click beetle and release them indoors to light up their huts. Girls threaded them around their feet to illuminate the forest paths at night. Fireflies very similar to those we see today have been found fossilised in rocks which were formed about 30 million years ago, and their ancestors were probably glowing long before then. It is impossible to be sure exactly when and where the first firefly appeared. The highest concentrations of firefly species today are to be found in the tropics of South America, which may mean either that this is where they First evolved, or simply that they prefer the conditions there. Wherever they first arose, fireflies have since spread to almost every part of the globe. Today members of the firefly family can be found almost anywhere outside the Arctic and Antarctic circles. C As with many insects, the glow-worm's life is divided into four distinct stages: the egg, the larva (equivalent to the caterpillar of a butterfly), the pupa (or chrysalis) and the adult. The glow-worm begins its life in the autumn as a pale yellow egg. The freshly laid egg is extremely fragile but within a day its surface has hardened into a shell. The egg usually takes about 35 days to hatch, but the exact time varies according to the temperature, from about 27 days in hot weather to more than 45 days in cold weather. By the time it is due to hatch, the glow-worm's light organ is fully developed, and its glow signals that the egg will soon hatch. After it has left the egg, the larva slowly grows from a few millimetres into the size and shape of a matchstick. The larval stage is the only time the insect can feed. The larva devotes much of its life to feeding and building up its food reserves so that as an adult it will be free to concentrate all its efforts on the task of finding a mate and reproducing. Throughout its time as a larva, approximately 15 months, the glowworm emits a bright light. The larva's light is much fainter than the adult female's but it can still be seen more than five metres away. In the final stage of a glow-worm's life, the larva encases itself in a pupa) skin while it changes from the simple larva to the more complex adult fly. When the adult Ay emerges from the pupa the male seeks a female with whom it can mate. After mating, the female lays about 120 eggs. The adult flies have no mouth parts, cannot eat and therefore only live a few days. When people talk of seeing a glow-worm they normally mean the brightly glowing adult female. D In some countries the numbers of glow-worms have been falling. Evidence suggests that there has been a steady decrease in the British glow-worm population since the 1950s and possibly before that. Possible causes for the decline include habitat destruction, pollution and changes in climate. Thousands of acres of grassland have been built upon and glow-worm sites have become increasingly isolated from each other. The widespread use of pesticides and fertilisers may also have endangered the glow-worm. Being at the top of a food chain it is likely to absorb any pollutants eaten by the snails on which it feeds. The effect of global warming on rainfall and other weather patterns may also be playing a part in the disappearance of glowworms. A lot more research will be needed, however, before the causes of the glow-worm's gradual decline are clear. E Although glow-worms are found wherever conditions are damp, food is in good supply and there is an over-hanging wall, they are most spectacular in caves. For more than 100 years the glow-worm caves in New Zealand have attracted millions of people from all over the world. The caves were first explored in 1887 by a local Maori chief, Tane Tinorau, and an English surveyor, Fred Mace. They built a raft and, with

candles as their only light, they floated into the cave where the stream goes underground. As their eyes adjusted to the darkness they saw myriad lights reflecting off the water. Looking up they discovered that the ceiling was dotted with the lights of thousands of glow-worms. They returned many times to explore further, and on an independent trip Tane discovered the upper level of the cave and an easier access. The authorities were advised and government surveyors mapped the caves. By 1888 Tane Tinorau had opened the cave to tourists. SECTION 3 Question 28-40 Questions 28-37 The passage has five sections labelled A-E. Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 28 threats to the glow-worm 29 ways in which glow-worms have been used 30 variations in type of glow-worm 31 glow-worm distribution 32 glow-worms becoming an attraction 33 the life-cycle of a glow-worm

Questions 36-40 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage. In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN iif there is no information on this 34 Scientists have only recently been able to list the exact number of glow-worm species. 35 The first fireflies appeared 30 million years ago. 36 Glow-worm populations are decreasing faster in some countries than in others. 37 Heat affects the production of glow-worm larvae. 38 Adulthood is the longest stage of a glow-worm's life. 39 The exact reason why glow-worm numbers are decreasing is unknown. 40 Glow-worms are usually found in wet areas.

IELTS General Reading Test 8 Passage 1

A Your Chinese Horoscope 2003

Astrologer Neil Somerville suggests the Year of the Goat will be one of healing. It was a Goat year that the first human organ transplant was performed and it appears that there will be more medical breakthroughs B Start Me Up

For someone leaving the safety of full-time employment to face the risks and challenges of running their own business, Start Me Up by Toney Fitzgerald is not a bad learning tool. Maggie Hamilton Graeme Berwick C The Autobiography of Pat Cash

The book covers Pat Cash's tennis career from junior Davis Cup member to Wimbledon champion. Cash also frankly shares his opinion on all matters relating to professional tennis. D GARDENS BY THE SEA

Gardens by the Sea showcases gardens all over the world. Some are grand, some are humble, but each of these stunning creations bears witness to the gardener's dedication in the face of the harsh realities of seaside living. Joanne Dover Gordon Bain E Walking Home with Marie-Claire

This is a story about Pauline in Grade 6 at a primary school in the 70s. She meets a new friend, Marie-Claire with a very unusual family. But why won't Marie-Claire let Pauline meet her family? The book portrays the lives of families struggling to understand each other's points of view. F Splendours of an Ancient Civilisation

This book is the perfect coffee table book for lovers of Ancient Egypt. Its appeal lies in the colour photography and the illustrations. They include detailed close-ups of the most impressive and well-known objects and buildings of the time. Merle Morcom Myffanwy Bryant G Never Count Out the Dead

Police Officer John Sully is tricked into driving thirteen-year-old Shay Storey to an isolated spot, where her mother, Dee, is waiting to kill him. Sully miraculously survives and Dee flees to Mexico, where she abandons

her daughter. Sully is contacted by a journalist who offers to help him catch Dee and find her daughter. H Fresh Flavours of India

This is a mouth-watering book packed with innovative ideas that reflect the author's passion for his homeland's cuisine. The author offers dishes from contemporary India with straightforward recipes that burst with flavour and aroma. Phillip Knowles Gordon Bain Reviews are adapted from reviews first appearing in Good Reading (magazine)

SECTION 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1. Questions 1-5 Look at the reviews of books (A-H). Match each question 1-5 with a boob review (A-H). Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on the answer sheet. You may use any letter more than once. Example Which books deals with cooking?

Answer H

1 Which book is detective fiction? 2 Which book handles commercial matters? 3 Which book teaches about past history? 4 Which book is written by a sporting personality? 5 Which book attempts to predict future discoveries in the field of medicine?

Questions 6-14

Legal information on call What is Dial-A-Law? Dial-A-Law is a library of pre-recorded messages to provide general information on specific topics of law. You can call this service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and listen to any tape from our complete library of pre-recorded messages. Dial-A-Law provides information, not legal advice. Each legal problem is different so if you have a legal problem you should talk to a solicitor. If you don't have a solicitor, the Legal Referral Service can refer you to a solicitor in your area. While the Dial-A-Law information service is available 24 hours a day, the Legal Referral Service is open only during normal business hours. What if I need a solicitor? If you listen to a Dial-A-Law message after business hours, you can phone the Legal Referral Service during business hours the following day on the number given to you at the end of the message. If you listen to a Dial-A-Law message during business hours and decide you want a referral to a solicitor, press the appropriate number when prompted and you will be automatically transferred to the Legal Referral Service.

You will be given the names of up to three solicitors in your suburb who practise in the specific area of law you require. You can simply arrange an appointment with one of these solicitors. Then you must contact the Legal Referral Service to obtain a referral letter. You must hand this to the solicitor at the beginning of your interview He or she will give you an initial interview of up to 30 minutes free of charge. During the interview the solicitor will tell you if you have a legal case, what is involved, approximately how long it should take to solve the problem, and how much it is likely to cost. Then, if you and the solicitor agree, you may hire the solicitor to handle your problem at his or her normal fee.

Law Institute Victoria, Dial-A-Law and the legal referral service Questions 6-9 Read the Reading Passage 1 about a new way to get legal information. Choose the correct letter A-D for questions 6-9. Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on the answer sheet. 6 Dial-A-Law is A a group of solicitors. B a law college library. C a legal telephone service. D a legal Internet message bank. 7 Dial-A-Law will A give legal counselling. B inform listeners about particular legal subjects. C suggest to clients which solicitor they should see. D supply advice on difficulties concerning the law. 8 Dial-A-Law is available to customers A at any time. B on weekdays only. C during business hours. D for thirty minutes at a time. 9 The Legal Referral Service will A A recommend a legal consultant. B nominate three solicitors in the client's vicinity. C choose the best of three solicitors for the client. D decide whether the client must pay for a legal problem.

Questions 6-14 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text 'Legal information on call'? In boxes 6-14 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 10 The client can be transferred to a solicitor at any time. 11 The first consultation with a solicitor is always free. 12 The client must write ä letter of referral for the solicitor. 13 The solicitor will advise the client of the expense involved in a legal matter. 14 The client should take the first solicitor offered.

Reading Passage 2

Questions 15-26

Which direction for a career? To examine your career options, you should first gather as much inform-ation as possible. Here are some places where you can get advice. School Your careers library will have some basic information on a variety of occupations. Ask the librarian questions like: • What does someone with this job do? • What subjects do I need to study? • What courses are available? • How long will it take to train? Also use careers advisors to expand your list of career ideas by finding out about related options. Many schools have work experience programs which give you the chance to check out a job which interests you.

• What are the most demanding aspects of this work? • What is the most preferred method of entry? • Are there courses which will prepare me for this work? Parents, friends, relatives Relatives and friends can be helpful in giving you insights into the daily routine of an occupation. By questioning them, you can expand your knowledge of the work. Another option is to use this group to arrange industry contacts or check out possible vacancies.

Career Information Centres Resources in these centres include printed information about jobs, and tertiary study reference materials such as university and college handbooks. There are 12 Career Information Centres throughout the country. Assistance from staff is also available. Employers You could talk to employers in areas you find interesting. You might ask them questions such as:

SECTION 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2. Questions 15-20 Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the text 'Which direction for a career?', complete the summary below Write you answers in boxes 15-20 on the answer sheet.

Both schools and universities have 15 .................... to assist students with job information. Schools may also run 16 .................... for practice at specific jobs. There are several 17 .................... which advise clients on careers. Acquaintances can sometimes provide 18 .................... and colleges also hold 19 .................... Finally, for those with access to the Internet, the 20 .................... is a useful source of information.

Questions 21-26 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text 'Which direction for a career?'? In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 21 Job seekers should speak to their school principals about future careers. 22 Career Information Centres do not offer information on tertiary courses. 23 Prospective employers could be consulted. 24 Job opportunities may be discovered through friends. 25 Tertiary institutions encourage prospective students to enrol in their courses. 26 Job seekers should keep all their information in one place.

IELTS General Reading Passage 3 Questions 27-40

Life in an international orchestra A Playing in a big international orchestra is one of life's most exciting experiences, yet it is also a very tough job. Players are part of a team of eighty or more musicians playing some of the world's greatest music. They work very long hours - turning up early for rehearsals on dark, cold, winter's mornings in a chilly, empty hall; working till late in the evening on the night of a concert; travelling on trains and planes at all hours of the day and night; eating and sleeping when they can; trying to play well when they are tired or hungry or have a headache. There's not much time left for home, family or friends. In fact, their 'family' is the rest of the orchestra. The musicians share the hectic pace and the worries, but they also share the wonderful moments when they are all playing together and feel on top of the world.

D If a rehearsal is held in the morning of a concert, it probably takes place in the concert hall. In the morning, everybody will still be in casual clothes but in the evening they will change into formal dress. Most will arrive at least an hour early to unpack and inspect their instruments - violinists to check their strings and bow, woodwind players to check their reeds and change them if need be, and everyone to run over any difficult passages of music. If they want a bit of peace and quiet some members of the orchestra may even hide themselves away in the toilets or creep down to the boiler room! Players whose instruments are too big for them to carry, such as timpani, harps and double-basses, will arrive on the platform before the rest to make their last minute checks.

B Much of an orchestra's time is spent in rehearsal. The players may already know the

E About five minutes before the concert is due to start, everybody except the leader or concert

music by heart, but every conductor has his or her own ideas about how a piece of music should be played. That is one reason why rehearsals are necessary. Another reason is the problem of orchestral balance of sound. With the rest of the orchestra around them, players cannot always hear themselves properly (sometimes not at all), and so they cannot gauge the balance of sound between their own instruments or section and the rest of the orchestra. At rehearsals this is something that the conductor is able to put right. C Some conductors like to go through a piece of music bar by bar, stopping the orchestra each time they want to make a comment. Others let an orchestra play for long stretches at a time, then go back to a particular point they want to rehearse again. Whatever the conductor's method, it is important that the musicians are happy with it. If the players don't like the conductor they can become very difficult, interrupting the session with questions or complaints. At one time conductors, such as Toscanini, used to get such fine performances out of an orchestra by shouting at the musicians and almost frightening them into playing well. That sort of behaviour would not work with most orchestras today. After all, orchestral musicians are highly trained and experienced people and they should be treated with respect.

master, files on and takes their place. Then the leader comes on to a round of applause from the audience and calls for silence, while the oboist sounds the note A. The rest of the orchestra tune their instruments to this note. Finally, on comes the conductor, to more applause, and, when there is quiet once more, the concert begins. F However well the orchestra may have rehearsed, problems may still occur. In a warm, crowded concert hall the acoustics are different from those in a cool, empty building, and this can change the balance of the sound. Also, the instruments may go out of tune after some time in a warm atmosphere. G Musicians, like actors, are aware of the audience; they notice whether the audience is a good one or not. A good audience will listen and respond to the music, whereas a difficult audience coughs and fidgets throughout the performance. Above all, the musicians are also aware of whether they are playing well, not just individually but as a team. Knowing they are giving a good performance makes all the difference at the end of a long, hard day.

SECTION 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-39, which are based on Reading Passage 3. Questions 27-32 The text 'Life in an international orchestra' has seven paragraphs (A-G). Choose the correct heading for Paragraphs A-G from the list of headings (i-x) below Write your answers in boxes 27-32 on the answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them. Example Paragraph F

Answer iii

List of Headings i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x

The need for a high quality instrument Formalities at the beginning of the concert Problems with changes in sound in the hall Poor and ineffective conducting method The highs and lows of being a member of an orchestra Pre-concert arrangements The response of the audience The need for detailed rehearsal The importance of the conductor's management style Correct adjustment of each instrument 27

Paragraph A

28

Paragraph B

39

Paragraph C

30

Paragraph D

31

Paragraph E

32

Paragraph F

Questions 33-39 Choose the letter A-D that gives the best completion to each sentence below for the orchestra passage. Write your answers in boxes 33-39 on the answer sheet. 33 Playing in a large orchestra requires long hours because A there are very many members in the team. B the rehearsals take a lot of time. C hotel accommodation is not always satisfactory. D players are sometimes absent because they are sick. 34 Frequent rehearsals may be needed because A the musicians are occasionally worried. B the conductor must correct players' mistakes. C the players may not know each piece of music. D the volume of the instruments needs to be adjusted. 35 An effective conductor is one who A has the players' approval. B forces the team to play well. C explains everything to the players. D allows no interruption to the rehearsal. 36 Today, a conductor who loudly criticises the players A is showing them respect. B can expect insults from them. C will force them to play well. D will not get good music from them.

37 On the evening of a concert, the players, will A visit the changing rooms. B arrive at the hall too early. C make sure their instruments are working properly. D check they have their formal clothing. 38 Problems in a concert may occur if A the hall temperature changes. B the audience does not applaud the conductor. C the players are playing an unfamiliar piece of music. D the conductor doesn't go through the music bar by bar. 39 Players feel satisfaction in their music when A they have rehearsed well. B they have worked a long hard day. C the whole orchestra plays well together. D the audience is happy.

TEST 9 Passage 1 Questions 1-5 THE AUTHENTIC TASTE OF THAILAND

JACK'S

CHANGTOM

TRADITIONAL AND AMERICAN RESTAURANT

THAI RESTAURANT AND HOTEL

For a Family Treat or that Special Occasion...

12-3 6-12 CLOSED SUNDAYS • SET IN 40 ACRES OF SCENIC WOODLAND • OUTSIDE DINING AREA

• SUPERB SELECTION OF CLASSIC AMERICAN BURGERS &

• FRESH PRODUCE ALWAYS USED

STEAKS

• CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED

• FISH & CHIPS & VEGETARIAN PLUS CHILDREN'S MENU

• SEATING FOR UP TO 50

• LICENSED BAR

• FULLY LICENSED BAR. • SMALL FUNCTION ROOM AVAILABLE FOR HIRE • LUXURY ACCOMMODATION AVAILABLE

• WEDDINGS & PARTY BOOKINGS WELCOME • TAKEAWAY SERVICE

• EASY PARKING • VIEWS OVER BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPED GARDENS FOR THE FINEST STANDARDS OF CUISINE & SERVICE

LUNCHTIMES TUESDAY-SATURDAY EVENlNGS WEDNESDAY - SATURDAY

MOGUL EXPRESS INDIAN TAKEAWAY ENJOY FINE INDIAN FOOD IN THE COMFORT OF YOUR HOME OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK INCLUDING PUBLIC HOLIDAYS GOOD PARKING FACILITIES HOME DELIVERY SERVICE WITHIN A 4-MILE RADIUS OF OUR TAKEAWAY - SMALL CHARGE TEL: NORWICH 420988/588980 TOP UK TAKEAWAY AWARD & HYGIENE & QUALITY AWARD FOR TWO YEARS RUNNING

THE MARINA RESTAURANT OPEN ALL DAY FOR DELICIOUS INTERNATIONAL CUISINE AT LOCAL PRICES WE HAVE A CONSTANTLY CHANGING MENU OF HOME-PRODUCED FRESH FOOD USING ONLY THE BEST LOCAL PRODUCE * BUSINESS LUNCHES * ANNIVERSARIES AND WEDDINGS * ALL SPECIAL OCCASIONS SNACKS $ LIGHT MEALS, LUNCHES & DINNERS, FULL BAR & EXTENSIVE WINE LIST DINE N STYLE ABOARD THE MARINA IN RELAXED & INFORMAL SURROUNDINGS &

SAMPLE THE PLEASURES OF NORWICH'S PREMIER RESTAURANT OPEN ALL DAY, MON-SAT LARGE VIDEO SCANNED CAR PARK OPPOSITE

PEKING HOUSE

LUNCHTIME

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CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED

5-11 pm 5-11.30 pm 5-11.30 pm 5-11.30 pm 5-11.30 pm 5-midnight 5-midnight

RESTAURANT AND TAKEAWAY DELICIOUS HIGH CLASS CHINESE FOOD COOKED BY EXPERIENCED CHEFS IN OUR OWN UNIQUE & ULTRAMODERN KITCHEN FREE DELIVERY - AMPLE CAR PARK TELEPHONE ORDERS WELCOME ASK ABOUT OUR CHEF'S SPECIALITY

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

NORWICH (01603) 571122 40 QUEEN STREET, NORWICH

SECTION 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1. Questions 1-5 Look at the five restaurant advertisements A-E. For which restaurant are the following statements true? Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 1 You can't eat at this restaurant on Monday evening. 2 You can have a meal here in peaceful country surroundings. 3 You can eat here on a Sunday night. 4 You can have your order delivered for an extra fee. 5 You can have dinner here and then stay the night.

Questions 6-14 A RICHMOND EXPERlMENTAL THEATRE Leam to act introduces people to a broad range of acting techniques. It is specially geared to those with little or no aging experience. The atmosphere is relaxed and unthreatening and great emphasis is placed on devel¬oping the confidence and abilities of people who may initially be a little apprehensive! B WORLD CULTURE DAY Brazilian Street Percussion 2.30-4.30 Samba percussion workshop. Lift your spirits with the taste of carnival! It doesn't matter whether you're an experienced musician or a complete beginner, you'll be creating complex exotic rhythms in no time.

African Storytelling 3.45-4.45 The magical African story-telling tradition of narration, poetry and proverbs (mainly from Ghana and Nigeria). An event for all the family. C SCOTTISH DANCING IT'S FUN IT'S GOOD EXERCISE • We have classes for dancers of all abilities. • Previous experience is not essential. • AII you need to bring is a pair of soft shoes and enthusiasm. • Classes are held in a number of places and at different times. • We guarantee you a warm welcome. D THE RENAISSANCE SINGERS New singers are invited to join our choir, formed in 1993, to perform a wide variety of music in Cambridge. We meet every Wednesday evening from 7.3 9.30 pm, and this term we are rehearsing for a special concert with audience participation on Saturday 1st December. An ability to sight-read and previous experience in choral singing is desirable, although not essential. E DRAWING WITH COLOUR An intensive workshop for beginners Saturday 13th and Sunday 14th October This unusual workshop offers instruction in effective ways to draw in colour. Activities will include study of light and shade and ways to express mood and emotion in colour. The small class ( 12 students} assures maximum attention for each student. Professional quality materials are included in the fee of £95. Questions 6-14 The passage on the reading page has five sections A-E. For which section are the following statements true? Write type correct letter A-E in boxes 6-14 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 6 A friendly greeting awaits new members. 7 Some relevant skills are preferred. 8 This activity could cheer you up. 9 This activity is suitable for a variety of ages. 10 Individual guidance will be provided. 11 Participants can take part in a public performance. 12 This activity could help someone who wants to overcame shyness. 13 This activity promises rapid progress. 14 This activity is not held during the day.

Questions 15-20

STUDENT LIFE AT CANTERBURY COLLEGE Most of the courses at Canterbury College only take up four days of the week, leaving one day free for independent study. The atmosphere at the College is that of an adult environment where a relationship of mutual respect is encouraged between students and tutors. Canterbury is a student city with several institutes of Further and Higher Education. The city centre is just a five-minute walk from the College, easily accessible in lunch or study breaks. Canterbury College has developed strong international links over the years and, as a result, many students have the opportunity of visiting and working in a European country in the course of their studies. Students' Union and SRC All students are automatically members of the Canterbury College Students' Union (CCSU) and can attend meetings. The Union is very active and is run by an Executive Committee elected by students in the Autumn Term. The President is elected every Summer Term to provide continuity for the next academic year. Representatives from each area of study form the Student Representative Council (SRC) which allows every student a say in Union affairs. In addition to representing students internally in the College on the Academic Board and with a subcommittee of the College Corporation, the CCSU also belongs to the National Union of Students which represents the interests of students nationally. The Union also arranges and supports entertainments, sporting activities and trips. STUDENT FACILIITES Learning Resources Centre (LRC) The Corey Learning Resources Centre provides easy access to a wide range of printed and audiovisual learning materials which can help students with coursework. There is ample space for quiet independent study and there are also areas for group work. Resources provided include books, journals, audio and video cassettes and CD-ROMs. Inter-library loans are available

locally and nationally via the British Library. All students are encouraged to use the Open Access Information Technology Centre situated on the first floor. This has a variety of computing, word processing and desktop publishing software. Bookshop A branch of Waterstone's bookshops is located on campus, where you can buy a range of stationery, drawing equipment, artists' materials and books, as well as many other useful items you may need. Children's Centre The College Children's Centre has places for under 5s with some subsidised places being available to students. Places are limited, so, if you are interested, apply early to reserve a place by contacting Linda Baker on the College telephone number. Refectory This provides refreshments between 08.30 and 19.00 with hot meals served three times a day. Healthy eating options are available. Coffee Shop This is open during normal College hours and serves light snacks and drinks. Proceeds from the Coffee Shop go to the Students' Union. Crypt Restaurant This is a training restaurant which offers good quality cuisine in pleasant surroundings. Meals are very reasonably priced and you are invited to sample the students' highly skilled dishes when the restaurant is open to the public during the week. Reservations can be made on 01227511244. Chapel View Restaurant This is another training restaurant and is set up as a quick-service facility which offers a selection of snacks and main courses at a modest price.

SECTION 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2. Questions 15-20 Read the passage about student life at Canterbury College. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 15 Many students are allocated a job experience placement abroad. 16 The elections for the Union President and Executive Committee are held together. 17 There are staff in the LRC to help students use the facilities. 18 Nursery care is available on a first-came, first-served basis. 19 The Refectory serves fast-food options. 20 The Chapel View Restaurant is for students only.

Questions 21-27

CANTERBURY COLLEGE LIST OF COURSES COURSE A This course will enable students to experience performing arts and the media at a basic level. It will give them the experience to decide if they wish to pursue an interest in this field and to develop their potential and adaptability for working in a performance company in either a performing or a technical role. COURSE B The aim of this course is to provide a thorough grounding in business-related skills and a comprehensive knowledge of business practice. It is for students with a business studies background who can manage a heavy workload that will contain a greater degree of academic study. COURSE C This course provides progression to a range of higher levels. Units will include maintaining employment standards, salon management duties, providing facial massage and skin care, instruction on makeup, lash and brow treatments, artificial nail structures and ear piercing. COURSE D This course is designed to develop skills used in leisure operations. It covers preparing for and conducting physical activities, maintenance of facility areas, building relationships with participants and colleagues, handling sports equipment and health and safety issues. COURSE E This course gives a foundation for a career in caring for children, the elderly or people with special needs. Core units are Numeracy, Communication and Information Technology. Work placements are an important part of the course. COURSE F This course is designed to provide a foundation in graphic and visual communication skills. Students complete units in picture composition and photographic processing alongside elements of graphic design, and gain hands-on experience of desktop publishing and presentations. COURSE G This course is designed to provide an introduction to the construction industry. Units covered include Heat, Light and Sound, Introduction to the Urban Environment, Communication Processes and Techniques and Properties of Materials. AII students complete vocational assignments which are integrated with work experience with reputable companies.

COURSE H The qualifications gained and the skills developed on this course will provide a good basis for gaining employment in office work. In addition to word processing, the course also covers spreadsheets, computerised accounting, databases and desktop publishing. AII students are given chances to develop their confidence, and advice and information is given on job search skills, presentation techniques and personal appearance. Questions 21-27 Look at the List of Courses at Canterbury College A-H. Which course would you recommend for people with the following career interests? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet. 21 advertising 22 TV production 23 architecture 24 company management 25 working with the disabled 26 secretariat tasks 27 beauty therapy

IELTS Academic Reading Passage 3

The History of Early Cinema

The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major and, to this day, unparalleled expansion and growth. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities-New York, London, Paris and Berlin-the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the `great picture palaces' of the 1920s, which rivalled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour. Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short "attractions" only a couple of minutes long, to the full-length feature that has dominated the world's screens up to the present day. Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its worldwide exploitation, It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part. In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant

position on the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the world's film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry, which had pio neered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo vadis? (1913) and Cabiria (1914), almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in the new Soviet Union and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation. Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially. Hollywood films appealed because they had better-constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new dimension to screen acting. If Hollywood did not have enough f its own resources, it had a great deal f money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance over present or future competition. The zest f the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply. As weil as popular audiences, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world. None of this would have happened without technology, and cinema is in fact unique as an art form. In the early years, this art farm was quite primitive, similar to the original French idea of using a lantern and slides back in the seventeenth century. Early cinema programmes were a mixture of items, combining comic sketches, free-standing narratives, serial episodes and the occasional trick or animated. film. With the arrival of the feature length narrative as the main attraction, other types of films became less important. The making of cartoons became a separate branch of film-making, generally practised outside the major studios, and the same was true f serials. Together with newsreels, they tended to be shown as short items in a programme which led to the feature. From early cinema, it was only Americana slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and feature format. However, during this 'Silent Film' era, animation, comedy, serials and dramatic features continued to thrive, along with factual films or documentaries, which acquired an increasing distinctiveness as the period progressed. It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French and the occasional German film. Of the countries which developed and maintained distinctive national cinemas in the silent period, the most important were France, Germany and the Soviet Union. Of these, the French displayed the most continuity, in spite f the war and post-war economic uncertainties. The German cinema, relatively insignificant in the pre-war years, exploded on to the world scene after 1919. Yet even they were both overshadowed by the Soviets after the 1917 Revolution. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style f the pre-war Russian cinema to the émigrés who fled westwards to escape the Revolution. The other countries whose cinemas changed dramatically are: Britain, which had an interesting but undistinguished history in the silent period; Italy, which had a brief moment of international fame just before the war; the Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, which played a role in the development f silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population; and Japan, where a cinema developed based primarily on traditional the-atrical and, to a lesser extent, other art forms and only gradually adapted to western influence.

SECTION 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3. Which THREE possible reasons for American dominance of the film industry are given in the text? A plenty of capital to purchase what it didn't have B making films dealing with serious issues C being first to produce a feature film D well-written narratives E the effect of the First World War F excellent special effects.

Questions 31-33 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet. 31 Which TWO types of film were not generally made in major studios? 32 Which type of film did America develop in both short and feature films? 33 Which type of film started to become profitable in the 'silent' period? Show Answer - Hide Answer

Questions 34-40 Look at the following statements (Questions 34-40) and the list of countries below. Match each statement with the correct country. Write the correct letter A-J in boxes 34-40 an your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 34 It helped other countries develop their own film industry. 35 It was the biggest producer of films. 36 It was first to develop the 'feature' film. 37 It was responsible for creating stars. 38 It made the most money from 'avant-garde' films. 39 It made movies based more on its own culture than outside influences. 40 It had a great influence on silent movies, despite its size. List of Countries

A France

F Japan

B Germany

G Soviet Union

C USA

H Italy

D Denmark

I

Britain

E Sweden

J

China