Grupo #3 - Tarea Grupal Diagramas

 

KFHAUHJHT

WCF^GUTFKHK [GDCIBIAFDH KG MICKWUHT FCAGCFGUFH GC PUIKWDDFIC FCKWT[UFHB

Hsfachturh

 

KFHAUHJHT

Kg gsg jiki pikgjis dijpbgthr hb kfharhjh kgb hutijôvfb kg bh sfaufgctg nirjh<

KF AU J KG NBWLI Gc qug dic dicsfst sfstg g Wc kfharhjh kg nbuli gs uch rgprgsgcthdfôc r gprgsgcthdfôc arènfdh kg uc pridgsi. Tg trhth kg rgprgsgcthr bis phsis qug sfaug uc pridgsi kgskg qug sg fcfdfh mhsth qug sg tgrjfch y phrh gbbi sg utfbfzh uch sgrfg kg gbgjgctis vfsuhbgs qug tg hyukgc h kfeulhr dhkh phsi qug sfaug uc pridgsi.  

1

 

KFHAUHJHT

Gb kfharhjh kg nbuli inrgdg uch kgsdrfpdfôc vfsuhb kg bhs hdtfvfkhkgs fjpbfdhkhs gc uc pridgsi jistrhcki bh rgbhdfôc sgdugcdfhb gctg gbbhs, nhdfbfthcki bh rèpfkh dijprgcsfôc kg dhkh hdtfvfkhk y su rgbhdfôc dic bhs kgjès, gb nbuli kg bh fcnirjhdfôc y bis jhtgrfhbgs, bhs rhjhs gc gb pridgsi, bh gxfstgcdfh kg eudbgs rgpgtftfvis,

gb

cüjgri

kg

phsis

kgb

pridgsi,

bhs

ipgrhdficgs

kg

fctgrkgphrthjgcthbgs. fctgrkgphrthjgcth bgs. Nhdfbfth thjefæc bh sgbgddfôc kg fckfdhkirgs kg pridgsi.

Duhcki Duh cki sg utfbfzh Bis kfharhjhs kg nbuli sic uch mgrrhjfgcth juy utfbfzhkh phrh rgprgsgcthr y gstukfhr bis pridgsis kg duhbqufgr irahcfzhdfôc kgefki h uch sgrfg kg dhrhdtgrêstfdhs thbgs diji<   Gs u uch ch mgrrhjfgcth sgcdfbbh kg u ushr shr dic u uc cj jêcfji êcfji k kg g

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nirjhdfôc/dhphdfthdfôc nirjhdfôc/dhphdfthdf ôc phrh kfeulhrbis g fctgrprgthrbis.   Ugprgsgcth vfsuhbjgctg uch ni nirjh rjh g gsqugjètfdh squgjètfdh kg tikis bis phsis pir

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bis qug htrhvfgsh uc pridgsi.

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KFHAUHJHT

  Tg utfbf utfbfzh zh uch sfjeibiaêh gc dhk dhkh h uci kg bbis is phsis phsis q qug ug s sfaug faug uc

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pridgsi.  

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Tg pugkg utfbfzhr phrh kfeulhr uc pridgsi dijpbgli i kfvfkfr æstg gc suepridgsis suepridgsi s y kfeulhr uc kfharhjh kg nbuli pir dhkh uci kg gbbis.

 

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Jugstrh gb vhbir qug sg hpirth gc dhkh uci kg bis phsis phrh dicsgaufr gb ielgtfvi nfchb kgb pridgsi (dhkh phsi kgb pridgsi hpirth hbai phrh dicsgaufr gb ielgtfvi nfchb).

 

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Dicnirjhc uch kg bhs mgrrhjfgcths phrh dicsgaufr bh jglirh dictfcuh gc bhs irahcfzhdficgs hb gstukfhr y pbhctghrtg gb dôji sg kgshrribbhc bis pridgsis gc bhs irahcfzhdficgs.

Egcgnfdfis qug ietgckrès sf trhehlhs dic kfharhjhs kg nbuli gc tu irahcfzhdfôc sic<   Hyukhr h dijprgckgr  qug gs uc pridgsi y duèb gs gb ielgtfvi kgb

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pridgsi qug sg gstè rgprgsgcthcki gc bh irahcfzhdfôc. ▬

  Dijpbgjgcthr uch uch dhrhdtgrfzhdfôc  dhrhdtgrfzhdfôc kg pridgsis. pridgsis.     Hmirrhr j judmi udmi tfg tfgjpi jpi gc gb hc hcèbfsfs èbfsfs kg bis phsis qug sfaug uc pri pridgsi. dgsi.

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  Nhdfbfthr u uc c fjph fjphdti dti vfsuh vfsuhbb qug mhdg qu qug g bis pridgsis sghc jès jès vfsfebgs

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nhdfbfthcki su dijprgcsfôc abiehb.   Dictrfeufr h rghb rghbfzhr fzhr uc hcèbfsfs prinucki y g gxmhustfvi xmhustfvi kgb p pridgsi, ridgsi,

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pripirdfichcki fcnirjhdfôc sierg pisfebgs jglirhs.   Gsthebgdgr uc eugc pucti kg phrtfkh phrh phrh kidujgcthr  kidujgcthr tus pridgsis y

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gbheirhr bis pridgkfjfgctis.   Fkgctfnfdhr phsis dbhvg k kg g dh dhkh kh pri pridgsi dgsi kick kickg g pug pugkh kh gxfstfr gxfstfr uc rfgsai i

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gstg phsi pugkh sgr drêtfdi phrh bh dicsgdudfôc kgb ielgtfvi kgb pridgsi.    Inrgdgr hy hyukh ukh phrh h hchbfzhr chbfzhr bh gngdtfvfkhk y gnfdfgc gnfdfgcdfh dfh kg bis p pridgsis ridgsis hb hb

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pikgr vfsuhbfzhr qug vhbir hpirth dhkh phsi gc bh dicsgdudfôc kgb ielgtfvi kgb pridgsi.   Hcfjhr h q qug ug bi bis sg gjpbghkis jpbghkis pugkhc phrtfdfphr gc gb kfeu kfeuli li y

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rgprgsgcthdfôc arènfdis kg bis pridgsis qug gbbis kgshrribbhc.   Inrgdgr uch mgrrhjfgcth eèsfdh phrh rghbfzhr uc uc hcèbfsfs  hcèbfsfs kg

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pridgsis kgctri kg tu irahcfzhdfôc.

Kfharhjh kg nbuli pir ebiqugs<  sg kfeulhc bis phsis kgb pridgsi, pgri sfc gctrhr gc gb kgthbbg kg quæ pugsti kg trhehli kgshrribbh dhkh phsi i fctgrvfgcg gc gb pridgsi. 6

 

KFHAUHJHT

Kfharhjh kg nbuli nucdfichb<  sg kfeulhc bis phsis kgb pridgsi kgthbbhcki quæ pugsti kg trhehli kgctri kg bh irahcfzhdfôc gs gb gcdhrahki kg glgduthr gsg phsi kgb pridgsi.

Dôji sg dicstruyg Phsi Phsi Phsi Ph si Phsi Ph si Phsi Ph si

8< Xuæ pridgsi vhs h kfeulhr   5< Ugucfr h bis rgspicshebgs kg gsis pridgsis. kickg dijfgczh y kic kickg kg tgrjfch. 4. Gsthebgdgr gb vhbir hargahki kg dhkh ipgrhdfôc. 1. Nhdfbfth gb gstukfi y bh hpbfdhdfôc kg bhs hddficgs.

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KFHAUHJHT

KF AU J KG IPGU DFICGT  DFICGT  Gc qug dic dicsfst sfstg g Gb kfharhjh kg ipgrhdficgs sugbg sgr uch rgprgsgcthdfôc arènfdh sfjeôbfdh kg bh gbheirhdfôc kg uc prikudti i sgrvfdfi qug jugstrh bhs ipgrhdficgs g fcspgddficgs qug gsths gngdtühc y bhs rgbhdficgs pistgrfirgs dricibôafdhs, hkgjès kg bis jhtgrfhbgs qug sg utfbfzhc gc bh b h glgdudfôc kg gstis. Gc gstg tfpi kg kfharhjh, sg pugkgc bbgahr h rgafstrhr sibhjgctg s ibhjgctg bhs prfcdfphbgs ipgrhdficgs g fcspgddficgs qug biarhc bh dijpriehdfôc kg su gnfdfgcdfh, sfc rgshbthr qufgcgs sic bis prithaicfsths qug bhs gngdtühc cf thjpidi kickg sg rghbfzh.

Gc qug sg utfbfzh utfb fzhc c  Tg utfbfzh gc kfsdfpbfchs diji bh priarhjhdfôc, bh gdicijêh, bis pridgsis fckustrfhbgs y bh psfdibiaêh diacftfvh. Gstis kfharhjhs utfbfzhc sêjeibis dic sfacfnfdhkis efgc kgnfcfkis qug rgprgsgcthc bis phsis kgb hbairftji y rgprgsgcthc gb nbuli n buli kg glgdudfôc jgkfhctg nbgdmhs qug dicgdthc bis puctis kg fcfdfi y kg nfc kg pridgsi.

8. Ipgrhdfôc<   Tg utfbfzh duhcki rgqufgrg kg uch jikfnfdhdfôc fctgcdfichb dic rgspgdti h bhs dhrhdtgrêstfdhs quêjfdhs i nêsfdhs kg uc ielgti. Kgb jfsji jiki, duhcki sg prikudg uch ipgrhdfôc sf gb ipgrhrfi trhcsjftg i rgdfeg uch kgtgrjfchkh fcnirjhdfôc.

5. Fcspgddfôc<  Gsth sg rghbfzh hb gxhjfchrsg uc ielgti phrh sgr fkgctfnfdhki, vgrfnfdhr su dhctfkhk i bh dhbfkhk kg duhbqufgrh kg sus dhrhdtgrêstfdhs. Gsti idurrg sf gb ielgti sg kgeg gxhjfchr y kg gsh nirjh dijpriehr bh dhbfkhk qug dijprgckg.

4. Hdtf vfkhk Dijefc Dijefchkh hkh

 

KFHAUHJHT

Pridgsi Pridg si kg Dicstruddfôc < 8.- [rhzhr uc gsqugjh kg bh kfspisfdfôc kg bhs fcsthbhdficgs (pfsis y gkfnfdfis) gc æb qug sg kgeg jistrhr bh uefdhdfôc kg tikhs bhs hdtfvfkhkgs qug sg mhc rgafstrhki prgvfhjgctg gc uc dursiarhjh hchbêtfdi. Gstg gsqugjh ci tfgcg qug sgr prgdfshjgctg h gsdhbh i juy gxhdti, sfjpbgjgctg kgeg sgr rgprgsgcthtfvi kg bhs èrghs kg bh pbhcth.

5.- Bhs hdtfvfkhkgs sg kgegc bidhbfzhr gc gb buahr gc gb qug sudgkgc y sg kgegc fkgctfnfdhr pir jgkfi kg uc sêjeibi y uc cüjgri qug kgeg dirrgspickgr hb qug sg bg hsfaci gc gb dursiarhjh hchbêtfdi.

4.-  Bh ruth qug sfaugc bis ipgrhrfis, bis jhtgrfhbgs i bis gqufpis kgeg sgr trhzhkh dic bêcghs y bh kfrgddfôc kg kfdmh ruth kgeg kg fkgctfnfdhrsg pir jgkfi kg nbgdmhs qug hpuctgc gc bh kfrgddfôc kgb rgdirrfki? gc dhsi kg qug gb jivfjfgcti rgargsg sierg bh jfsjh ruth i sg rgpfth gc bh jfsjh kfrgddfôc, gs cgdgshrfi qug sg utfbfdgc bêcghs sgphrhkhs phrh dhkh kgspbhzhjfgcti. Tf gc gb jfsji kfharhjh sg rgafstrh gb rgdirrfki kg kis i jès gbgjgctis, gs cgdgshrfi utfbfzhr bêcghs kg dibir kfngrgctg phrh mhdgr gvfkgctg su rgdirrfki i gc gb dhsi gc qug sg kgsgh rgprgsgcthr gb jætiki hdtuhb y gb jætiki pripugsti.

;.-  Bh fcnirjhdfôc qug kgeg dictgcgr gstg kfharhjh, gs uc gcdhegzhki qug fckfqug duhb gs gb rgdirrfki, uc têtubi qug fckfqug gb pridgsi qug sg gstè hchbfzhcki y bh cijgcdbhturh rgngrgctg h bhs fcsthbhdficgs kg bh pbhcth.

Kfharhjh kg Ug Ugdirr dirrfki fki

81

 

KFHAUHJHT

KF AU J KG PUGDGKGCDF Gc qug dicsfstg Gb jætiki kgb kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfhs gs uch mgrrhjfgcth phrh bh priarhjhdfôc kg hdtfvfkhkgs gc bh pbhcghdfôc kg uc priygdti. Gs uc jætiki kg dicstruddfôc kg uc kfharhjh kg rgk kgb driciarhjh kgb priygdti qug utfbfzh dhlhs, kgcijfchkis cikis, phrh rgprgsgcthr bhs hdtfvfkhkgs y bis dicgdth dic nbgdmhs qug jugstrhc bhs kgpgckgcdfhs. Gb jætiki kg kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh gs uc jætiki kg hkjfcfstrhdfôc kg bh prikuddfôc qug sg ush gc bh pbhcfnfdhdfôc, bh fjpbgjgcthdfôc y gb jicftirgi kg priygdtis, phrtfdubhrjgctg kg priygdtis h arhc gsdhbh. Duhcki sg kfeulh uc kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh, bhs hdtfvfkhkgs fckfvfkuhbgs kg uc priygdti i nhsg kg 8=

 

KFHAUHJHT

priygdti

sic

fkgctfnfdhkhs

sfjubtècghjgctg

y

kôckg

phrh idurrg

gsthebgdgr bh

quæ

hbfjgcthdfôc

nhsgs mhdfh

sg

glgduthc

hkgbhctg

i

rgtrihbfjgcthdfôc gctrg bhs nhsgs. [hjefæc sg kgnfcgc gvgctis (diji gb fcfdfi y nfc kgb priygdti) y sg nflhc bis tfgjpis kg bh sgdugcdfh kgb priygdti. Bhs kgpgckgcdfhs kgpgckgc dfhs sic jhpghkhs gc g gbb kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh ushcki nbgdmhs.

Diji sg utfbfzh utf bfzh Gb kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh sg ush duhcki sg qufgrgc jistrhr bhs thrghs gc dhsdhkh,, y gcnhtfzhr gc hqugbbhs qug kgegc mhdgrsg diji prgrrgqufsfti kg itrhs. dhsdhkh [hjefæc pugkg ushrsg phrh gspgdfnfdhr gspgdfnfdhr gb tfgjpi kg fcfdfi jès pricti pisfebg y gb tfgjpi nfchb cgdgshrfi phrh tikis bis pridgsis. [hjefæc sg pugkgc fcdirpirhr tfgjpis kg hdujubhdfôc y uc kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh nhdfbfth bh fkgctfnfdhdfôc kg ipirtucfkhkgs phrh hdirthr gb priygdti. Bh ruth drêtfdh gc uc kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh kgsthdh bis pridgsis gctrgbhzhkis gc kickg uc rgtrhsi pikrêh hbtgrhr gb tfgjpi kg tgrjfchdfôc.

Pridgsi Pridg si kg Dicstruddfôc < Gc kfharhjhs kg prgdgkgcdfh gb ebiqug eèsfdi kg dicstruddfôc qug rgprgsgcth uch hdtfvfkhk gs uch dhlh (i ciki). Bhs dhlhs kg hdtfvfkhkgs gstèc bfahkhs phrh jistrhr bh sgdugcdfh gc bh duhb bhs hdtfvfkhkgs sgrèc glgduthkhs. Gs ehsthctg sgcdfbbi kg nherfdhr khki h su chturhbgzh sgdugcdfhb. Duhcki sg kfeulh uc kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh, bhs hdtfvfkhkgs fckfvfkuhbgs kg uc priygdti i nhsg kg priygdti sic fkgctfnfdhkhs phrh gsthebgdgr quæ nhsgs sg glgduthc sfjubtècghjgctg y kôckg idurrg bh hbfjgcthdfôc mhdfh hkgbhctg i rgtrihbfjgcthdfôc gctrg bhs nhsgs. [hjefæc sg kgnfcgc gvgctis (diji gb fcfdfi y nfc kgb priygdti) y sg nflhc bis tfgjpis kg bh sgdugcdfh kgb priygdti. Bhs kgpgckgcdfhs kgpgckgc dfhs sic jhpghkhs gc g gbb kfharhjh kg prgdgkgcdfh ushcki nbgdmhs.

86

 

KFHAUHJHT

Kfharhjh kg Prgdgkgcdfh

KF AU J KG DIC[UIB KG PUIDGTIT Gc qug dic dicsfst sfstg g Bis kfharhjhs kg dictrib kg pridgsis cis pgrjftgc, diji su cijerg bi kfdg jhctgcgr gb kgshrribbi kg bis pridgsis kg prikuddfôc y h bh vgz fkgctfnfdhr bhs pisfebgs nhbbhs i priebgjhs qug tgcah gb pridgsi gc dugstfôc. Bi qug gb kfharhjh kg dictrib kg pridgsis cis kh, gs qug jhctgcahjis uc hcèbfsfs kg dictrib kg bis pridgsis phrh jhctgcgrcis sgauri qug dhkh uci kg bis pridgsis sg gstè kgshrribbhcki kg bh jhcgrh dirrgdth. 50

 

KFHAUHJHT

Duhcki Duh cki sg utfbf utfbfzh zh Gstg tfpi kg arhnfdi sg utfbfzhc phrh vgrfnfdhr i dijpriehr bis dictribgs kg pridgsis,, vfgcki kg gst pridgsis gsth h jhcgrh su dijpirthjfgcti kg bis kfngrgctgs pridgsis hsidfhkis y kg gsth jhcgrh pikgr prgvgcfr duhbqufgr tfpi kg nhbbis jgkfhctg bis jætikis gsthkêstfdis gjpbghkis gjpbghkis gc bh jhyirêh kg bis pridgsis fckustrfhbgs.

Diji sg dicstruyg Phrh rghbfzhr gb arhnfdi kg dictrib kg jhcgrh jhcuhb, bi pikgjis rghbfzhr jgkfhctg uch milh kg dèbdubi phrh qug kg gsth jhcgrh pikgjis dicidgr jglir gb nucdfichjfgcti kg bis pridgsis gc uc jijgcti khki.

Drghr uch arènfdh kg dictrib rgqufgrg bis sfaufgctgs phsis< 8. Gbgafr bh dhrhdtgrêstfdh h gstukfi. Kgeg jg jgkfr kfr bh vhrfhebg qug qu qugrgjis grgjis dictribhr< bh bicaftuk kg uch pfgzh, bh tgjpgrhturh kg uch jèqufch, gtd. 5. [ijhr bis khtis. Kg Kgegrgjis egrgjis rgdiagr bis vhbirgs vhbirgs kurhctg uc pgrfiki kg kg tfgjpi sunfdfgctg qug cis pgrjfth ietgcgr uch vfsfôc rgprgsgcthtfvh kgb kgshrribbi kgb pridgsi. 4. Fctrikudfr is khtis gc bh milh k kg g dèbdubi, y dhbdubhr bh duèb gs bh bêcgh dgctrhb (vhbir jgkfi kg bis khtis) y bis bêjftgs supgrfir g fcngrfir. ;. Ugprgsgcthr bis khtis gc bh a arènfdh, rènfdh, y gstukfhr sf gb nuc nucdfichjfgcti dfichjfgcti gs g gbb dirrgdti. Tf ci nugrh pir gsthr gb pridgsi kgsdgctrhki (bh jgkfh kg bis khtis ci gs bh jgkfkh qug cis pfkg bhs gspgdfnfdhdficgs) mherêh qug rgdhbferhr bhs jèqufchs. I efgc, sf bh vhrfhefbfkhk gs kgjhsfhki hbth y bis prikudtis sg shbgc kg bhs tibgrhcdfhs kgjhsfhki nrgdugctgjgctg, mherêh qug gstukfhr bhs dhushs phrh hnfchr bis rgsubthkis rgsubthkis.. 7. ^ibvgr h rghbfzhr g gbb gstukfi dhkh dfgrti tfgjpi tfgjpi phrh dijp dijpriehr riehr qug gb nucdfichjfgcti sfaug sfgcki gb dirrgdti.

58

 

KFHAUHJHT

Kfharhjh kg D Dict ictrib rib kg Pridgsis

KF AU J KG KFTPGUTFÔC  KFTPGUTFÔC  Gc qug dicsfstg Gb kfharhjh kg kfspgrsfôc pgrjftg gstukfhr uc diclucti kg 5 khtis (], V), phrh gstukfhr bhs rgbhdficgs kg uc diclucti kg khtis qug tfgcgc qug gsthr rgbhdfichkis dic gstis kis khtis prfcdfphbgs rgdibgdthkis. Kg gsth jhcgrh sg pugkgc fkgctfnfdhr sf gxfstg hbaüc tfpi kg rgbhdfôc i ci, gctrg tikhs bhs vhrfhebgs. Bh dhphdfkhk qug tfgcg gb kfharhjh kg kfspgrsfôc gs jistrhr bhs rgbhdficgs ci bfcghbgs gctrg tikhs bhs vhrfhebgs gxpugsths h hcèbfsfs.

Duhcki Duh cki sg utfbf utfbfzh zh Gstg kfharhjh sg utfbfzh duhcki cgdgsfthjis gcdictrhr bh rgbhdfôc kg kis vhrfhebgs phrh dicidgrsg gctrg sê. Kg gsth jhcgrh pikgjis gstukfhr bhs 55

 

KFHAUHJHT

rgbhdficgs qug gctrg kis khtis qug qugrgjis dicidgr, diji gb tfpi kg priebgjh i dhush rgbhdfichkhs dic bh dhbfkhk. Kg gsth jhcgrh gb ielgtfvi qug pgrsfaug gb kfharhjh kg kfspgrsfôc gs kgtgrjfchr sf gsths gstèc rgbhdfichkhs i qug thc fckgpgckfgctgs fckgpgckfgc tgs sic uch kg bhs itrhs.

Diji sg dicstruyg Phsis phrh gbheirhr uc kfharhjh kg kfspgrsfôc<   Fkgctfnfdhr bh sftuhdfôc y bhs vhrfhebgs. Bi prfjgri qu qug g kgegc mhdgr bhs

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irahcfzhdficgs gs kgtgdthr gb priebgjh gc dugstfôc. Bugai, kgtgrjfchr bhs vhrfhebgs qug pgrjfthc dhrhdtgrfzhr bh sftuhdfôc.   Ugdibgdthr bis khtis kg bhs vhrfhebgs. Tg rgdipfbhc bis khtis qug sg

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hchbfzhrèc phrh vgrfnfdhr bh rgbhdfôc gctrg bhs vhrfhebgs. Gs fjpirthctg qug gstis khtis sg gcdugctrgc kgctri kgb jfsji pgrfiki kg tfgjpi.   Kfeulhr gb pbhci dhrtgsfhci. Gc g gbb glg ] sg gcdugctrh bh vhrfhebg

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fckgpgckfgctg (qug ci gs fcnbugcdfhkh pir bh itrh) y gc gb glg V sg dibidh bh vhrfhebg kgpgckfgctg (hqugbbh qug sg gcdugctrh hngdthkh pir bh itrh vhrfhebg).   [rhzhr bhs vhrfhebgs ph phrghkhs. rghkhs. Bhs vhrfhebgs sic rgp rgprgsgcthkhs rgsgcthkhs pir

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dêrdubis. Tf bis kis phrgs kg khtis tfgcgc gb jfsji vhbir, hjeis kgegc sgr kfeulhkis uci hb disthki kgb itri i trhzhr gb sgaucki pucti h dirth kfsthcdfh.   Hchbfzhr bis khtis. Di Dibidhkis bidhkis bi bis s khtis g gc c gb kfharhjh, sg hchbfzh g gbb kfharhjh phrh kgtgrjfchr bh dirrgbhdfôc qug gxfstg gctrg bhs vhrfhebgs.

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Tfgjprg sg kgeg eusdhr bh dhush rhêz kgb priebgjh.

54

 

KFHAUHJHT

KFHAUHJH KG KFTPGUTFÔC

KF AU J KG P UG[I Gc qug dicsfstg Wch Arènfdh kg Phrgti gs uch arènfdh kg ehrrhs. Bhs bicaftukgs kg bhs ehrrhs rgprgsgcthc bh nrgdugcdfh i disti (tfgjpi i kfcgri), y gstèc uefdhkhs dic bhs ehrrhs jès bhrahs h bh fzqufgrkh y bhs ehrrhs jès pgqugøhs mhdfh bh fzqufgrkh. Kg gsth jhcgrh, æsth arènfdh hyukh h vfsuhbfzhr bhs sftuhdficgs jès sfacfnfdhtfvhs. Gs uch mgrrhjfgcth qug sg utfbfzh phrh prfirfzhr bis priebgjhs i bhs dhushs qug bis agcgrhc. 5;

 

KFHAUHJHT

Gb cijerg kg Phrgti nug khki pir gb Kr. Lurhc gc micir kgb gdicijfsth fthbfhci ^FBNUGKI PHUG[I (8=;=-8654) qufgc rghbfzô uc gstukfi sierg bh kfstrfeudfôc kg bh rfqugzh, gc gb duhb kgsduerfô qug bh jfcirêh kg bh piebhdfôc pisgêh bh jhyir phrtg kg bh rfqugzh y bh jhyirêh kg bh piebhdfôc pisgêh bh jgcir phrtg kg bh rfqugzh. Gb Kr. Lurhc hpbfdô gstg dicdgpti h bh dhbfkhk, ietgcfæckisg bi qug miy sg dicidg diji diji bh rgabh =0/50. Tgaüc gstg dic dicdgpti, dgpti, sf sg tfgcg uc priebgjh priebgjh dic judmhs dhushs, pikgjis kgdfr qug gb 50% kg bhs dhushs rgsugbvgc gb =0 % kgb priebgjh y gb =0 % kg bhs dhushs sibi rgsugbvgc gb 50 % kgb priebgjh.

Duhcki Duh cki Wtfbfzh Wtfbfzhrbi rbi     Duhcki sg hchbfzh khtis sierg bh nrgdugcdf nrgdugcdfh h kg priebgjhs i dhushs gc

•

uc pridgsi.   Duhcki gxfstgc judmis priebgjhs i dhushs y sg eusdh gcnidhrsg gc bis

•

jès sfacfnfdhtfvis.   Duhcki sg hchb hchbfzh fzh bhs dhushs prfcdfphbgs h trhvæs kgb hcèbfs hcèbfsfs fs kg s sus us dijpicgctgs gspgdênfdis.

•

Dhrhdtgrêstfd Dh rhdtgrêstfdhs hs kg uc e eugc ugc kfharhjh kg Ph Phrgti< rgti< 8. Bh dbhsfnfdhdfôc pir dhtga dhtgairêhs irêhs kgb glg mirfzic mirfzicthb thb pugkg hehrdhr kfngrgctgs tfpis kg vhrfhebgs. 5. Gb glg vgrtfdhb fz fzqufgrki qufgrki kgeg rgprgsgcthr ucfkh ucfkhkgs kgs kg jgkfkhs jgkfkhs kg qug kgc uch dbhrh fkgh kg bh fjpirthcdfh kg dhkh dhtgairêh. 4. Gb glg vgrtfdhb kg kgrgdmi rgdmi rgprgsgcth uc uch h gsdhbh gc pirdgcthlgs kg 0 h 800, phrh qug dic ehsg gc gsh sg pugkh gvhbuhr bh fjpirthcdfh kg dhkh dhtgairêh rgspgti h bis kgjès. ;. Bh bêcgh hdujubhtfvh rgp rgprgsgcth rgsgcth bis pirdgcthlgs pirdgcthlgs h hdujubhkis dujubhkis kg bhs dhtgairêhs. 7. Phrh qug c ci i mhyh uc cüjgri gxdgs gxdgsfvi fvi kg dh dhtgairêhs tgairêhs qug kf kfspgrsgc spgrsgc gb ngcôjgci, sg rgdijfgckh haruphr bhs dhtgairêhs qug tfgcg rgbhtfvhjgctg pidh fjpirthcdfh gc uch sibh y dhthbiahrbh diji bh dhtgairêh ‒itrhs‚ hucqug ci gs dicvgcfgctg qug gsth dhtgairêh

57

 

KFHAUHJHT

rgprgsgctg uc pirdgcthlg kg bi jès hbti. Tf gsti idurrg sg kgeg rgvfshr bh dbhsfnfdhdfôc y gvhbuhr hbtgrchtfvhs. >. Wc drftgrfi rèpfki phrh sh shegr egr sf bh prfjgrh ehrrh i dhtgairêh gs sfacfnfdhtfvhjgctg jès fjpirthctg qug bhs kgjès, ci qug gsth rgprgsgctg =0% kgb tithb, jès efgc gs sf hb jgcis kupbfdh gc jhacftuk hb rgsti kg bhs ehrrhs. Gc itrhs phbherhs, gs cgdgshrfi vgrfnfdhr sf kfdmh ehrrh prgkijfch dbhrhjgctg sierg gb rgsti. 1. Duhcki uc KP ci prgkijfch cfcauch ehrrh y gstg tfgcg uch hphrfgcdfh pbhch i uc kgsdgcsi bgcti gc nirjh kg gsdhbgrh, sfacfnfdh qug sg kgeg rghchbfzhr bis khtis i gb priebgjh, hsê diji uch gstrhtgafh kg dbhsfnfdhdfôc. =. Gs cgdgsh cgdgshrfi rfi hargahr gc bh arènfdh gb pgrfi pgrfiki ki qug rgp rgprgsgcth rgsgcth bis khtis. Tg rgdijfgckh hcithr dbhrhjgctg bh nugctg kg bis khtis y gb têtubi kg bh arènfdh. 6. Duhcki s sg g bidhbfzh gb p priebgjh riebgjh prfcdfphb, gs fckfspgcshebg m mhdgr hdgr uc KP kg sgaucki cfvgb gc bh duhb sg fkgctfnfqugc bis nhdtirgs i dhushs pitgcdfhbgs qug irfafchc thb priebgjh y h bh sgddfôc grrir têpfdi gc gb usi kgb KP.

Pridgkfjfgcti  8. Kgdfkfr qug dhtgairêhs sg utfbfzhrè phrh h haruphr aruphr bis êtgjs. 5. Kgdfkfr qug jgkfdfôc gs bh hpripfhkh. Jgkfdficgs dijucgs sic bh nrgdugcdfh, dhctfkhk, disti y tfgjpi. 4. Kgdfkfr gb pgrfiki kg tfgjpi qug bh arènfdh vh h duerfr< ¹Wc dfdbi kg trhehli9, ¹Wc kêh dijpbgti9 ¹Wch sgjhch9 ;. Ugdibgdthr bi bis s khtis, rgafstrhc rgafstrhcki ki h bh dhtgairêh di dirrgspickfgctg, rrgspickfgctg, (I utfbfd utfbfdg g khtis yh gxfstgctgs) 7. Tue-tithbfdg bhs jgkfdficgs phrh dhk dhkh h dhtga dhtgairêh. irêh. >. Kgtgrjfcg bh gsdhbh hpripfhkh phrh bhs jgkfdficgs rgdibgdthkhs. gb jèxfji vhbir sgrè gb suetithb jès arhckg kgb phsi 7. (gb jèxfji vhbir 5>

 

KFHAUHJHT

sgrè bh sujh kg bis suetithbgs kgb phsi 7). Jhrqug bh gsdhbh gc gb bhki fzqufgrki kg bh arènfdh. 1. Dicstruyh y picah bgygc bgygckhs khs gc bh bhs s ehrrhs kg dhkh dhtgairêh. D Dibiqug ibiqug bh ehrrh jès arhckg gc bh phrtg fzqufgrkh, bugai bh sfaufgctg jgcis arhckg, y hsê sudgsfvhjgctg. Tf gxfstgc kgjhsfhkhs dhtgairêhs dic pgqugøhs jgkfdficgs, haruphrbhs gc Itris, =. Dhbdubg gb pirdgc pirdgcthlg thlg kg dhkh dhtgairêh. Gb sue-tithb kg dhk dhkh h dhtgairêh, kfvfkfki pir gb tithb kg tikhs bhs dhtgairêhs. Kfeulg uc glg vgrtfdhb h bh kgrgdmh kgb arènfdi y høhkfrbg bgygckhs kg pirdgcthlgs. Hsgaurhrsg qug hjehs gsdhbhs difcdfkgc< Pir glgjpbi, bh jgkfdfôc kg bh kgrgdmh, qug dirrgspickg h bh jfthk, kgeg dirrgspickgr gxhdthjgctg hb 70% kg bh gsdhbh ipugsth kg bh kgrgdmh. 6. Dhbdubg bis vhbirgs hdu hdujubhkis< jubhkis< sujg bis suetith suetithbgs bgs kg bh prfjgrh y sgauckh dhtgairêh dhtgairêh y kfeulg uc pucti puct i sierg bh sgauckh ehrrh fckfdhcki bh sujh. H gsh sujh, høhkh gb suetithb kg bh tgrdgrh dhtgairêh y dibiqug uc pucti sierg bh tgrdgrh ehrrh phrh bh cugvh sujh. Dictfcüg gb pridgsi phrh tikhs bhs ehrrhs. Dicgdtg bis puctis, dijgczhcki kg bh phrtg supgrfir kg bh prfjgrh ehrrh. Gb übtfji pucti kgeg hbdhczhr gb 800% kg bh gsdhbh kg bh kgrgdmh.

Tg rgdijfgckh gb usi kgb kfharhjh kg Phrgti Phrgti p phrh hrh%

Kgsehbhcdgi

8

(8)/(6;) * 800 : 8.0>%

78.0>% + 8.0>% : 75.85%

 Hpbhsthjfgcti

;0

(;0)/(6;) * 800 : ;5.77%

75.85% + ;5.77% : 6;.>1%

Fcdijpbgti

5

(5)/(6;) * 800 : 5.84%

6;.>1% + 5.84% : 6>.=0%

Jhb hbhegi

4

(4)/(6;) * 800 : 4.86%

6>.=0% + 4.86% : 66.66%

Itris

0

(0)/(6;) * 800 : 0

4.86% + =.78% : 88.>6%

[ithb [it hb

6;

800 800% %

800 800% %

Bh tgrdgrh dibujch jugstrh gb cüjgri kg hddgsirfis qug prgsgcthehc dhkh tfpi kg kgngdti, gs kgdfr, bh nrgdugcdfh dic qug sg prgsgcth dhkh kgngdti. Gc buahr kg bh nrgdugcdfh cujærfdh pikgjis utfbfzhr bh nrgdugcdfh pirdgctuhb, gs kgdfr, gb pirdgcthlg kg hddgsirfis gc dhkh tfpi kg kgngdti, bi duhb sg fckfdh gc bh duhrth dibujch. Gc bh übtfjh dibujch vhjis hdujubhcki bis pirdgcthlgs Phrh mhdgr jès gvfkgctg bis kgngdtis qug hphrgdgc dic jhyir nrgdugcdfh mgjis irkgchki bis khtis kg bh thebh gc irkgc kgdrgdfgctg kg nrgdugcdfh. ^gjis qug bh dhtgairêh dhtgairêh ‒itris‚ sfgjprg kgeg fr hb nfchb, sfc fjpirthr su vhbir. Kg gsth jhcgrh, sf muefgsg tgcfki uc vhbir jès hbti, fauhb kgegrêh mhegrsg uefdhki gc bh übtfjh nfbh.

Pikgjis hmirh rgprgsgcthr bis khtis gc uc mfstiarhjh diji gb sfaufgctg

40

 

KFHAUHJHT

 Hmirh rgsubth gvfkgctg duhbgs sic bis tfpis kg kgngdtis jès nrgdugctgs. Pikgjis iesgrvhr iesgrvhr qug bis 5 prfjgris tfpis kg kgngdtis sg prgsgcthc gc gb 16,= % kg bis hddgsirfis dic nhbbhs. Pir gb Prfcdfpfi kg Phrgti, dicdbufjis qug< Bh jhyir phrtg kg bis kgngdtis gcdictrhkis gc gb bitg pgrtgcgdg sôbi h 5 tfpis kg kgngdtis (bis ‒pidis vfthbgs‚), kg jhcgrh qug sf sg gbfjfchc bhs dhushs qug bis prividhc kgshphrgdgrêh kgshphrgdgrêh bh jhyir phrtg kg bis kgngdtis. Itri hcèbfsfs dijpbgjgcthrfi y sujhjgctg ütfb g fctgrgshctg, gs dhbdubhr bis distis kg dhkh priebgjh, dic bi duhb pikrêhjis dicstrufr uc kfharhjh sfjfbhr h phrtfr kg irkgchr bhs dhushs pir sus distis. Gstg hcèbfsfs dijefchki kg dhushs y distis pgrjftg ietgcgr bh jhyir gngdtfvfkhk gc bh sibudfôc kg priebgjhs, hpbfdhcki rgdursis gc hqugbbis tgjhs qug sic rgbgvhctgs y hbdhczhcki uch jglirh sfacfnfdhtfvh.

KF AU J KG FTMFO Q Gc qug dic dicsfst sfstg g [hjefæc Dicidfki diji Kfharhjh kg Dhush y Gngdti i Kfharhjh kg Gspfch kg Pgsdhki. Gb kfharhjh kg dhush gngdti, fkgctfnfdh phrh uc priebgjh i

gngdti judmhs

pisfebgs dhushs. Pugkg sgr utfbfzhki phrh irahcfzhr uch sgsfôc kg tirjgcth kg fkghs (Erhfcstirjfca). Wc egcgnfdfi gs qug dbhsfnfdh fkghs gc dhtgairêhs ütfbgs. 48

 

KFHAUHJHT

Duhcki Duh cki Wtfbfzh Wtfbfzhrbi rbi     Duhcki sg fkgctfnfdhc dhushs phrh uc priebgjh.

•

  Gspgdfhbjgctg duhcki uc gqufpi eusdh ruths kg sibudfôc.

•

Pridgkfjfgcti 8. Kgnfcfr gb priebgjh (gngdti). Gsdrfefrbi gc bh phrtg kgrgdmh, gcdgrrhrbi gc uc rgdtècaubi y trhzhr uch bêcgh mirfzicthb mhdfh gb rgdtècaubi. h. Jætikis e. Jhqufchs (Gqufphjfgcti) d. Jhci kg Ierh (Agctg) k. Jhtgrfhbgs g. Jgkfdfôc n.

Jgkfi Hjefgctg.

5. Khr fkghs kg bhs prfc prfcdfphbgs dfphbgs pisfebgs dhushs kgb priebgjh. Tf gsti bg gs kfnêdfb, utfbfdg bis sfaufgctgs gcdhegzhkis agcærfdis< 4. Gsdrfeh bhs dhtgairêhs kg dhushs di diji ji rhjhs kg bh bêcgh mirfzic mirfzicthb thb prfcdfphb. ;. Khr fkghs kg tikhs bhs pi pisfebgs sfebgs dhushs k kgb gb priebgjh. Prg Prgaucthrsg< aucthrsg< ¹Pir quæ sudgkg gsti9 Jfgctrhs dhkh fkgh gs khkh, gb jikgrhkir bh gsdrfeg diji uch rhjh kg bh dhtgairêh hpripfhkh. Bhs dhushs pugkgc sgr gsdrfths gc kfngrgctgs buahrgs, sf sg rgbhdfichc dic kfngrgctgs dhtgairêhs. 7. Cugvhjgctg p prgaucthrsg, rgaucthrsg, ¹Pir quæ phs phsh h gsti9, phrh dhkh dhush. Gsdrfeh sue-dhushs rhjfnfdhcki bhs dhushs prfcdfphbgs. Tgaufr prgauctèckisg ¹Pir quæ9 g fr agcgrhcki cfvgbgs kg dhushs jès prinuckhs. Dhphs kg rhjhs, fckfdhc rgbhdficgs dhushbgs. >. Duhcki hb arupi sg bg hdhehc bhs fkghs, dicdgctrhr bh htgcdfôc gc bis buahrgs gc qug bhs fkghs sic pidhs.

Phsis Ph sis p phrh hrh bh dicst dicstrudd ruddfôc fôc kg uc Kfharhjh kg Fsmfohwh 8. Gsdiagr g gbb hspgdti kg dhbfkhk q qug ug sg qu qufgrg fgrg jglirhr. 45

 

KFHAUHJHT

5. Gsdrfefr kg jhcgrh dbhrh y dicdrgth gb hspgdti kg dhbfkhk h bh kgrgdmh kgb kfharhjh. 4. Eusdhr tikhs bhs dhushs priehebgs, bi jès dicdrgths pisfebg, qug pugkgc hngdthr bh dhrhdtgrêstfdh kg dhbfkhk. ;. Ugp Ugprgsgcthr rgsgcthr gc gb KF bhs fkghs ietgcfkhs y prgaucthrsg sf nhbthc hbauchs itrhs dhushs. 7. Kgdfkfr

duèbgs

sic

bhs

dhushs

jès fjpirthctgs

pir dicsgcsi, vithdfôc i pir hcèbfsfs kg khtis. >. Kgdfkfr duèbgs s sic ic bhs dhushs dhushs sierg bhs qu qug g sg vg h hdtuhr. 1. Prgphrhr uc pbhc kg hddfôc ph phrh rh qug dhkh uch kg bhs dhushs dhushs sgh c fcvgstfahkhs.

Jætik Jæ tik is phrh bh dics dicstru truddfô ddfô c kgb Kfh Kfharhjh arhjh kg Fsmfohwh  Gxfstgc trgs jætikis phrh dicstrufr uc KF, qug sic< >J, nbuli kgb pridgsi y gstrhtfnfdhdfôc.

Jætik Jæ tik i >J i Hcèbfs Hcèbfsfs fs k kg gK Kfspgrsf fspgrsfôc ôc   Gs gb jætiki jès dijüc y dicsfstg gc haruphr bhs dhushs pitgcdfhbgs gc sgfs rhjhs prfcdfphbgs<   Jætikis kg trhehli,

•

  Jhci kg ierh,

•

  Jhtgrfhbgs,

•

  Jhqufchrfh,

•

44

 

KFHAUHJHT

  Jgkfdfôc y jgkfi hjefgctg.

•

Gstis sgfs gbgjgctis kgnfcgc kgnfcgc tiki pridgsi kg jhcgrh abiehb, y dhkh uci hpirth phrtg kg bh vhrfhefbfkhk (y kg bh dhbfkhk) kg kgbb prikudti i sgrvfdfi. Kg gsth jhcgrh, gs

chturhb

gspgrhr

qug

bhs dhushs

kg uc

priebgjh

tgcahc rgbhdfôc dic hbauch kg bhs >J. H dictfcuh dictfcuhdfôc, dfôc, sg kh uch bfsth kg bhs pisfebgs suerhjhs phrh dhkh uch kg bhs ‒J‚< ‒J‚

±

 

KFHAUHJHT

DICDBWTFIC Bis Kfharhjhs kg Pridgsis kg Prikuddfôc sic rgprgsgcthdficg r gprgsgcthdficgs s arènfdhs kg bis phsis qug sg sfaugc gc tikh uch sgdugcdfh kg hdtfvfkhkgs, kgctri kg uc pridgsi i uc pridgkfjfgcti, fkgctfnfdèckibis jgkfhctg sêjeibis kg hdugrki dic su chturhbgzh? fcdbuyg, hkgjès, tikh bh fcnirjhdfôc qug sg dicsfkgrh cgdgshrfh phrh gb hcèbfsfs, thb diji kfsthcdfhs rgdirrfkhs, dhctfkhk dicsfkgrhkh y tfgjpi rgqugrfki. Gsths sg dicidgc ehli bis tærjfcis kg ipgrhdficgs, trhcspirtgs, fcspgddficgs, rgtrhsis i kgjirhs y hbjhdgchlgs. Kg fauhb jhcgrh qug uc pbhci i kfeuli kg thbbgr prgsgcth gc diclucti kgthbbgs kg kfsgøi diji hlustgs tibgrhcdfh y gspgdfnfdhdficgs, tikis bis kgthbbgs kg nherfdhdfôc i hkjfcfstrhdfôc sg hprgdfhc abiehbjgctg gc uc kfharhjh kg ipgrhdficgs kg pridgsi.

41

   

KFHAUHJHT

Efebfiarhnêh   mttps