Grupo 2 - Analisis Amofhit y Peste de La Organización

 

\MHWL_QHDJD VL_\JMJ CKQ JMDLQ @LQTHÑM DL CJ HMGK_EJAHÑM

GJA\CTJD DL HM@LMHL_HJ LQA\LCJ V_KGLQHKMJC DL HM@LMHL_HJ HMD\QT_HJC

V_KV\LQTJ DL EKDLCK DL @LQTHÑM DL CJ HMGK_EJAHÑM VJ_J CJ LEV_LQJ –CJALE Q.J.A.― V_LQLMTJDK VK_ 

 JXJCJ _KOCLQ IL_LEHJQ IL_LEHJQ I\CL_ LQT_JDJ E\L_JQ IJHEL _KOL_T VHMAK WHCAJQ DK_AJQ QJ_JH QJMABLY XJ\_H LD\J_DK IJWHL_ WJCL_K @\THL__LY XLQCX BLHDH

Vrkg. E@. Iksè Cuhs Tupja Xupjmquh Jyjcj EOJ Jdehmhstrjahñm strjtè`haj dl eprlsjs Bujmajyk, Iuchk ?6?6

 

Akmtlmhdk AJVÅT\CK H9 QHT\JAHÑM @LML_JC DL CJ K_@JMHYJAHÑM................... K_@JMHYJAHÑM.................................. .............................. ............................. ..........................: ............: :.:Qhtujahñm @lmlrjc..................... @lmlrjc.................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................................. .................................. : :.? Akmacushkmls.............. Akmacushkmls............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................? ..................? AJVÅT\CK HH9 WHQHÑM, EHQHÑM, WJCK_LQ, X AÑDH@K DL ÈTHAJ.................................... ÈTHAJ................................................... .................................? ..................? ?.: Jmtlaldlmtls................ Jmtlaldlmtls............................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................? ...............? ?.? Whshñm............... .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ................................. ....................... ....? ?

?.1 Ehshñm............. ............................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ........................1 ..........1 ?.4 Wjckrls.............. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .......................1 ........1 ?.< Añdh`k dl Èthaj............... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .................................................... ..................................... 4 ?.7 Akmacushkmls............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................< ..............< Ajpåtuck HHH9 Lvjcujahñm Lxtlrmj............. Lxtlrmj............................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................... ........................... ......< < 1.: Jmêchshs dlc Lmtkrmk VLQTL.......................... VLQTL......................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................< ..............<

1.:.: Gulrzjs pkcåthajs, `uolrmjelmtjcls, y cl`jcls (V).......................................................................< ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................... ................7 7 1.:.? Gulrzjs lakmñehajs y ghmjmahlrjs (L). ............. 1.:.1 Gulrzjs skahjcls, aucturjcls y dlek`rêghajs (Q). .........................................................................2

1.:.4 Gulrzjs tlamkcñ`hajs y ahlmtåghajs (T).............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..............:6 :6 1.:.< Gulrzjs lakcñ`hajs y jeohlmtjcls (L).......................................................................................:? 1.? Akmacushkmls9.............. Akmacushkmls9............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .............................:? ...............:? EJT_HY DL LWJC\JAHÑM DL GJATK_LQ DL ÈRHTK LRTL_MKQ................. LRTL_MKQ............................... ............................. ................................:1 .................:1 AJVHT\CK HW9 LWJC\JAHÑM HMTL_MJ....................... HMTL_MJ...................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... ....................... :4 4.: Jmêchshs Hmtlrmk JEKGBHT..................... JEKGBHT.................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................:4 ..................:4

4.:.:. Jdehmhstrjahñm y `lrlmahj (J)............... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ........................:< .........:< ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................................. .................................. :7 4.:.?. Ejrnlthm` y vlmtjs (E) .............. 4.:.1. Kplrjahkmls y ck`åsthaj. Hmgrjlstruaturj (K) ............................................................................:0

4.:.4. Ghmjmzjs y akmtjohchdjd (G)............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................:2 ..............:2 4.:.< _laursks buejmks (B)................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ....................................:2 .....................:2 4.:.7 Qhstlejs dl hmgkrejahñm y akeumhajahkmls (H)............... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................:8 ..............:8 4.:.0 Tlamkck`åj l hmvlsth`jahñm y dlsjrrkcck (T)............... ............................ ............................. .............................. ..................................:8 ...................:8 4.? Akmacushkmls.............. Akmacushkmls............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................... ................:8 :8 EJT_HY DL LWJC\JAHKM DL GJATK_LQ DL ÈRHTK HMTL_MKQ................. HMTL_MKQ................................ .............................................. ...............................?6 ?6 EKDLCJDK DL V_KALQK DL AKE\MHAJAHÑM AKM LC ACHLMTL DL CJ LEV_LQJ CJALE Q.J.A.................:

 

AJVÅT\CK H9 QHT\JAHÑM @LML_JC DL CJ LEV_LQJ CJALE QJA. :.:Qhtujahñm @lmlrjc Lm Vlrù lxhstlm jcrldldkr dl ??6 ehc lstjoclahehlmtks dldhajdks jc lxplmdhk dl jchelmtks y olohdjs, ahgrj qul bj shdk hepucsjdj pkr lc èxhtk dl cj `jstrkmkeåj plrujmj j mhvlc eumdhjc, ck qul bj krh`hmjdk qul euabjs plrskmjs y leprlsjs lm lc pjås jpulstlm pkr lc ml`kahk dl cj akahmj, jghreñ cj Aêejrj dl Akelrahk dl Chej (AAC). Lc suo slatkr dl rlstjurjmtls dl jaulrdk j lstudhks kotlmhdks pkr lc HMLH (Hmsthtutk Mjahkmjc dl Lstjdåsthaj l Hmgkreêthaj) arlahñ eh akepjúlrk dl trjojik.

Akmghdlmahjchdjd Cj hmgkrejahñm rlahohdj y plrahohdj dl mulstrks suplrhkrls y achlmtls dlol tlmlr ajrêatlr dl rlslrvjdk y mk lstê plrehthdj cj dhvuc`jahñm akm tlralrjs plrskmjs.

_lspltk pkr cj hmtl`rjahñm gjehchjr Gkelmtjr lspjahks dl hmtl`rjahñm gjehchjr lmtrl cks trjojijdkrls, koslrvjmdk cj ghdlchdjd y lc rlspltk j su lmtkrmk gjehchjr.

H`ujcdjd dl akmdhahkmls dl trjojik Orhmdjr h`ujcdjd dl akmdhahkmls dl trjojik y slr iustks lm cjs lvjcujahkmls plrskmjcls.

  ?.7 Akmacushkmls Cks dhrlathvkssldlhmdhaj dhrlathvks cj kr`jmhzjahñm kr`jmhzjah ñm trjzjm um lmgkqulqul dlsljdk dlsljd k qul akepjrtlm akepjrt lm akm tkdks dlc cks trjojijdkrls, acjrjelmtl cks gumdjelmtks skpkrtj lstj leprlsj, bjahlmdk dåj j dåj umj pkshohchdjd pjrj pkdlr prk`rlsjr lm ck plrskmjc y prkglshkmjc, akm lc slrvhahk, cj jyudj eutuj, cj skchdjrhdjd lmtrl sus pjrls, lc jajtk jc eldhk jeohlmtl y bjahj cj skahldjd vhmaucjdj. Cj ehshñm trjzjdj ls acjrj, kgrlalr um slrvhahk plrskmjchzjdk, qul mk ls eês eês qul qul ls lstj tjrr jt jtlm lmtk tkss j ck ckss dltj dltjcc ccls ls,, cj ak akrt rtls lsåj åj,, pk pksl sllr lr um ls lspå pårh rhtu tu dl jy jyud udj, j,  prkekahkmjmdk cj hdlmthdjd aucturjc y rl`hkmjc lm cj kglrtj `jstrkmñehaj, `jstrkm ñehaj, akmshdlrjmdk slr  jslskrls dlc oulm `ustk dl cks achlmtls.

4

 

Ajpåtuck HHH9 Lvjcujahñm Lxtlrmj 1.: Jmêchshs dlc Lmtkrmk VLQTL 1.:.: Gulrzjs pkcåthajs, `uolrmjelmtjcls, y cl`jcls (V). Lc @kohlrmk dlc Vlrù mk aulmtj akm umj pkcåthaj dl lstjdk qul hepucsl cj @jstrkmkeåj lm lc pjås, ls pkr lcck qul cj Qkahldjd dl @jstrkmkeåj Vlrujmj (JVL@J), bj pcjmtljdk jc `kohlrmk 0 eldhdjs qul prkeulvlm lstj hmdustrhj, shlmdk su prhmahpjc koilthvk, ck`rjr pjrj lc júk ?6?:, qul cj `jstrkmkeåj slj cj jathvhdjd hmmkvjdkrj l hmtl`rjdkrj dl cj prkduaahñm y aucturj mjahkmjc, jså akek umj gkrtjclzj akeplththvj j mhvlc hmtlrmjahkmjc (Jpl`j, ?6:> ak akmm ls lstj tjss ah ahgr grjs js pk pkdl dlek ekss slúj slújcj cjrr qu qull lc Vl Vlrù rù bj rl rlgc gcli lijd jdkk tj tjsj sjss dl :6

 

arlahehlmtk suplrhkrls j cj eldhj dl cj rl`hñm, jc jcajmzjr um :2%, kaupjmdk lc aujrtk  pulstk dlmtrk dl cks pjåsls cjthmkjelrhajmks. Lstj ahgrj sl sustlmtj, lmtrl ktrjs aksjs, lm qul lc Vlrù thlml umj plmltrjahñm dlc hmtlrmlt lm um 70% dl cj pkocjahñm. Ql`ùm lc @lrlmtl dl Elrajdlk dl \Ohts, Blcdlr @jokmls, "lc rêphdk arlahehlmtk dl cj akmlathvhdjd j hmtlrmlt y cj jdkpahñm ejshvj j cks dhspkshthvks eñvhcls, sl lstêm akmvhrthlmdk lm cks ekthvks eês hepkrtjmtls pjrj lc ajeohk lm lc pjmkrjej dl jprlmdhzjil". Ajol slújcjr qul \Ohts ls umj leprlsj qul kgrlal umj prkpulstj ùmhaj lm l-cljrmh`, j pjrthr dlc usk dl umj tlamkck`åj prkphj qul cls plrehtl j cks lquhpks dl trjojik, dl aujcquhlr slatkr, gkrtjclalr sus ajpjahdjdls cjokrjcls y dlsjrrkccjr sus bjohchdjdls j pjrthr dl aursks akrtks  plrskmjchzjdks. Vkr ktrk cjdk, sl sjol qul lc 11% dl cks plrujmks rljchzj jc elmks um aursk kmchml jc júk y sl prkylatj qul lm :6 júks, pkr ck elmks, lc 46% dl cj ajpjahtjahñm lm lc elrajdk plrujmk sl rljchzjrê eldhjmtl lc l-cljrmhm`.

1.:.< Gulrzjs lakcñ`hajs y jeohlmtjcls (L). Lm akmtrjpkshahñm jc usk dl cj tlamkck`åj lm cks jchelmtks, ls cj ejmhpucjahñm `lmèthaj dl cks jchelmtks y qul lmumahj qul èstj jtlmtj akmtrj cj sjcud dl cj pkocjahñm, pkr ck qul dhvlrsjs kr`jmhzjahkmls jeohlmtjchstjs y lakck`hstjs acjejm lm gjvkr dl cj j`rhaucturj  ohkcñ`haj y kr`êmhaj, y prkeulvlm cks jchelmtks dl ajchdjd qul mk jpchajm ekdhghajahkmls k jctlrjahkmls `lmèthajs, k uthchzjm j`rkquåehaks y/k j`rk tñxhaks pjrj su arlahehlmtk. Ql bj dhsauthdk jepchjelmtl lm ck qul akrrlspkmdl j cholrjahñm jc jeohlmtl lm Vlrù dl aucthvks `lmèthajelmtl ekdhghajdks, shm leojr`k, dlolm dl lvjcujrsl y ejmlijrsl lm ::

 

tèrehmks dl prlvlr, ehth tèrehmks ehth`jr `jr y akmtrkcjr akmtrkcjr sus pkshocls pkshocls lglatks jdvlrsks jc eldhk jeohlmtl jeohlmtl y cj dhvlrshdjd ohkcñ`haj. Cj akmdhahñm dl Vlrù dl slr um pjås el`j dhvlrsk y almtrk dl krh`lm y dl dhvlrshdjd dl vjrhks aucthvks, ck koch`j j slr auhdjdksk y `jrjmthzjr qul lc usk dl lstj tlamkck`åj akmtrhouyl j um dlsjrrkcck sustlmtjocl. Cj tlmdl tlmdlma mahj hj sjmj dl cjy lc `js `jstr trkm kmke keåj åj,dlc , ak akek ek tk tkdj dj hm hmdu dust strh rhj dl dlslr slrvh vhah ahks, ks, mk lclelmtks sk sksc scjy jyjj cj jchelmtjahñm auhdjdk eldhk jeohlmtl, jj ghm mk lepcljr jrthgh jrthghahj ahjcls cls qul plri plriudh udhqulm qulm y dlt dltlrh lrhkrlm krlm lc eldhk eldhk jeohlm jeohlmtl, tl, koch`j koch`jmdk mdk j hmmkvj hmmkvjrr lm aucthvks shm plsthahdjs, kptjmdk pkr prkduatks lakcñ`haks, eês sjmks y dl oulm sjokr. Lc usk dl lmlr`åj rlmkvjocls y skcjrls lm cj `jstrkmkeåj jyudjrêm j ehth`jr lc hepjatk jeohlmtjc, shm dlijr dl elmahkmjr lc mk usk dl prkduatks ohkdl`rjdjocls lm cj prkduaahñm, lmvjsl y prlslmtjahñm dl cj akehdj, lc usk rjahkmjc dl cks rlaursks mjturjcls y cj skstlmhohchdjd, bjrêm dl cj `jstrkmkeåj shehcjr hepjatk lm olmlghahk dlc eldhk jeohlmtl.

  1.? Akmacushkmls9 Cj lvjcujahñm dl gjatkrls lxtlrmks pjrj cj leprlsj CJALE Q.J.A. akm sus lstrjtl`hjs jatujcls jpchajdjs, mk lstê jprkvlabjmdk jdlaujdjelmtl cjs kpkrtumhdjdls dlc lmtkrmk shlmdk lc pkdlr dl ml`kahjahñm akm cks prkvlldkrls dl cj leprlsj CJALE Q.J.A. ls ojik, dlohdk j cj lstjahkmjchdjd dl cks hmsueks y glmñelmks mjturjcls. Cks akmsuehdkrls thlmlm jctk pkdlr dl ml`kahjahñm, dlohdk j cj jepchj kglrtj lm lc slatkr y pkr ck ehsek, ajdj vlz sl vulcvlm eês lxh`lmtls. Dlohdk jc dlsjrrkcck dl cj lakmkeåj dlc Vlrù, cj jelmjzj dlc hm`rlsk dl susthtutks y mulvks akeplthdkrls ls akmstjmtl y mk lstê shlmdk ehmhehzjdj jdlaujdjelmtl pkr cj leprlsj.

:?

 

GJATK_LQ KpkrtumhdjdlsDLTL_EHMJMTLQ DL RHTK : Tlmdlmahj j elrajdks akm akmsuehdkrls lxh`lmtls ? Vrlslmahj dl lsaulcjs `jstrkmñehajs lm cj _l`hñm 1 Vrlglrlmahj pkr cj `jstrkmkeåj plrujmj j mhvlc hmtlrmjahkmjc 4 \ohajahñm lstrjtè`haj dl Cj krkyj akmshdlrjdj lil vhjc y akelrahjc pjrj cjs ehmjs dlc lmtkrmk.

EJT_HY

< Lxhstlmahj dl shstlejs dl hmgkrejahñm y tlamkck`åj pjrj cj hmmkvjahñm 7 Hmtlrès pkr pjrtl dlc `kohlrmk plrujmk lm lc slatkr

DL

`jstrkmñehak 0 Lxpjmshñm dl grjmquhahjs mjahkmjcls Jelmjzjs : Lmtrjdj dl mulvks akeplthdkrls akm tlamkck`åj qul dlsjrrkccjm hmvlsth`jahñm pjrj cj hmmkvjahñm ? Hm`rlsk dl grjmquhahjs eumdhjcls 1 Jpjrhahñm dl mulvjs lphdlehjs vhmaucjdjs jc akmsuek dl dltlrehmjdks jchelmtks 4 Arhshs hmtlrmjahkmjc akm lglatks ml`jthvks < Hmlstjohchdjd pkcåthaj skahjc dlc pjås (rhls`k pjås) 7 Gulrtl rhvjchdjd lmtrl akeplthdkrls jatujcls y susthtutks

LWJC\JAHÑM DL GJATK_LQ DL ÈRHTK LRTL_MKQ

:1

 

AJVHT\CK HW9 LWJC\JAHÑM HMTL_MJ 4.: Jmêchshs Hmtlrmk JEKGBHT :4

 

4.:.:. Jdehmhstrjahñm y `lrlmahj (J) Cj leprlsj sl gkreñ lm lc júk ?6:7, cj `lrlmahj dlc Akeldkr CJALE QJA bj dlsjrrkccjdk jc`umks ajeohks pjrj pkdlr dlsjrrkccjrsl. Lm ck qul rlsplatj j cjs bjohchdjdls jdehmhstrjthvjs qul sl puldl vlr lm lstj leprlsj akrrlspkmdl jc `lrlmtl cjs trls akmkahdjs9 Akmalptujcls, tèamhajs y dl trjtk dl plrskmjc> ls umj plrskmj qul bj hdk arlahlmdk akm lc pjsk dl cks júks. Lm ck qul rlsplatj j su rlcjahñm akm cks kr`jmhseks dl akmtrkc dlc lstjdk, su pkcåthaj ls dl shmalrjehlmtk y trjmspjrlmahj dl cj hmgkrejahñm, akm`rulmtl akm sus prhmahphks y vjckrls kr`jmhzjahkmls qul mk skck skm lmumahjdks, shmk qul skm prjathajdks, dlsdl cj jctj dhrlaahñm bjstj ajdj umk dl cks trjojijdkrls dl lstj leprlsj, lc trjtk jejocl akm lc achlmtl y cj bkmlsthdjd jc orhmdjrcl hmgkrejahñm y jc lmtrl`jrcl cks prkduatks qul lsplrj rlahohr, dlsdl lc sjcudk aujmdk ccl`j bjstj dlspldhrck aujmdk sl vj, hmacushvl j jqulccks qul pkr  jc`umj rjzñm mk sl quldjrkm j dhsgrutjr dlc slrvhahk y prlghrhlrkm ktrj kpahñm, shleprl quldjrê cj lsplrjmzj dl qul rl`rlsjrê y sl pkdrê dlscueorjr. Lm ck qul rlsplatj rlsplatj jc ekmhtkrl ekmhtkrlkk dlc ml`kahk ml`kahk,, lc `lrlmtl rlah rlahol ol dhjrhjelmtl dhjrhjelmtl um rlpkrtl skorl lc dlsleplúk dl ajdj umj dl cjs êrljs dl prkduaahñm, jså, cks ekvhehlmtks lm cj akahmj, auêmtks y què thpk dl prkduatks sl uthchzjrkm lm lc dåj, cj rlmtjohchdjd dl ajdj umk dl lccks, ck qul sl akmsuehñ lm olohdjs, pkstrls y auêmtk quldj pjrj lc dåj sh`uhlmtl, lm suej, lc jdehmhstrjdkr lmvåj um rlpkrtl dhjrhk, skorl ck jakmtlahdk lm lc ml`kahk lc dåj jmtlrhkr y auêcls slrêm cjs prkylaahkmls dl vlmtj pjrj lc dåj sh`uhlmtl> akm tkdj lstj hmgkrejahñm hmgkre jahñm jeoks sl rlùmlm pkr cj ejújmj pjrj akrrl`h akrrl`hrr skorl cj ejrabj ck qul yj sl bj  pcjmljdk.

K_@JMH@_JEJ DL CJ LEV_LQJ CJALE QJA

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@L_LMTL @LML_JC

Q\O @L_LMTL

DLVJ_TJELMTK

DLVJ_TJELMTK DL

DLVJ_TJELMTK

JDEHMHQT_JTHWK

V_KD\AAHKM

AKEL_AHJC

_LA\_QKQ

J_LJ DL JTLMAHKM

J_LJ DL AKAHMJ

B\EJMKQ

JC ACHLMTL

AKMTJOHCHDJD X ABLGG

GHMJMYJQ

AKAHML_KQ

EKYKQ

J_LJ DL CHEVHLYJ

LMAJ_@JDK DL

 J\RHCHJ_ DL

EKYKQ

CHEVHLYJ

JX\DJMTLQ DL CHEVHLYJ

 J_LJ DL AKEV_JQ

JCEJALM

J_LJ DL V\OCHAHDJD

J_LJ DL WLMTJQ

WLMTJQ LM LC _LQTJ\_JMTL

WLMTJQ J EHML_JQ

JX\DJMTLQ DL AKAHMJ

4.:.?. Ejrnlthm` y vlmtjs (E) Lm sus hmhahks, lstj kr`jmhzjahñm trjojiñ jrdujelmtl pjrj pkshahkmjrsl lm cj elmtl dlc akmsuehdkr dl Cj krkyj, tlmhlmdk umj uohajahñm lstrjtè`haj, Jv. Eh`ulc @rju Mrk. :667 (Jcturj _lst. Ehablcchml) Cj cåmlj dl prkduatks qul kgrlal ls dhvlrsj, lm lstl slmthdk, cj `lrlmahj mk jpulstj pkr   pcjtks hmmkvjdkrls shmk pkr lc akmtrjrhk, bj dlahdhdk ejmtlmlr su kglrtj auchmjrhj lm lc gkrejtk trjdhahkmjc puls akmshdlrj qul lc pùochak koilthvk jc qul sl dhrh`l mk plrahol akek vjckr um ajeohk sustjmahjc lm pcjtks hmmkvjdkrls. Lm ck qul sh sl prlkaupjm akm arlals ls lm ejmtlmlr lm um jctk lc mhvlc dl cj ajchdjd dl cks  prkduatks, uthchzjmdk hmsueks y lsplahls dl ajchdjd, mk lsajthejmdk hmvlrthr lm lcck shm dlsauhdjr lm um jdlaujdk ejmlik dl cks akstks, pjrj ck aujc ejmlij um shstlej dl akstlk  pjrj ajdj thpk dl pcjtk. Lc slrvhahk jc achlmtl mk ls jilmk j lstj prlkaupjahñm, slejmjcelmtl cks akcjokrjdkrls rlaholm lmtrlmjehlmtk y ajpjahtjahñm skorl tèamhajs dl jtlmahñm jc achlmtl, akmvlrsjm skorl kaur kaurrl rlma mahj hjss lm su suss rl rlsp spla lath thvk vkss tu turm rmks ks y añ añek ek ej ejml mlij ijrk rkmm ls lstj tj sh shtu tuja jahñ hñmm y bj bjal almm rltrkjchelmtjahñm lmtrl lccks ehseks, trjojijmdk akcjokrjthvjelmtl lm olmlghahk dl cj ajchdjd dlc slrvhahk qul prkpkrahkmjm. Akm rlsplatk j cj puochahdjd dl cj leprlsj lstl mk thlml um prlsupulstk dlsthmjdk pjrj lstj jaahñm.

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4.:.1. Kplrjahkmls y ck`åsthaj. Hmgrjlstruaturj (K) Cjs kplrjahkmls qul sl dlsjrrkccjm lm lstj kr`jmhzjahñm lstê acjrjelmtl dlghmhdj lm dks êrljs9 Cj akahmj, qul thlml qul vlr akm cks gumdjelmtks gumdjelmtks dl umj @lrlmahj @lrlmahj dl Vrkduaahñm Vrkduaahñm y, lc akel akeldk dkr, r, dkm dkmdl dl sl jt jthl hlmdl mdl dh dhrl rlat atje jelmt lmtll jc ac achl hlmt mtll ak akmsu msueh ehdkr dkr y au auyk ykss jspla jsplatk tkss rlspkmdlm j cj @lrlmahj dl Kplrjahkmls. :. CJ AKAHMJ Cks prkalsks qul sl rljchzjm lm lstj êrlj lstêm acjrjelmtl dlghmhdks, sl`ùm lc ejplk qul sl pudk rljchzjr9 • Vrkalsk dl ake akeprj prj dl hmsueks y ejt ejtlrhjcl lrhjcls. s. • Vrkalsk dl jtl jtlmahñm mahñm dl akejm akejmdjs djs (Wjcls) (Wjcls).. • Vrkalsk dl cjvjd cjvjdkk dl elmjil y utlmshchk utlmshchkss dl akahmj • Vrkalsk ddll akmtr akmtrkc kc dl stkan stkan • Vrkalsk dl dlsb dlsblabks labks dl elrej elrejss (plrlahoc (plrlahocls) ls) • Vrkalsk dl che chephlzj phlzj dl cks lquhpks y jeohlm jeohlmtls. tls. • Vrkalsk dl jtlmahñm jc achlmtl. Cj akahmj aulmtj akm lquhpks ekdlrmks, j `js y lcèatrhak lcèatrhaks, s, cks aujcls thlmlm thlmlm um ablan chst slejmjc pjrj jsl`urjrsl dl su akrrlatk gumahkmjehlmtk> dl h`ujc gkrej, cjs plrskmjs qul  pjrthahpjm lm cj ejmhpucjahñm dl lstks lquhpks lm cj akahmj rlpkrtjm jc lmajr`jdk dlc êrlj (ablg) aujcquhlr jmkejcåj qul pudhlrjm koslrvjr. Lc jojstlahehlmtk dl y cj rlalpahñm sl rljchzj cks dåjs dkehm`ks pkr cj ejújmj, lm lstl slmthdk, cj lmlr`åj mlalsjrhj pjrj lc  prkalsk dl prkduaahñm sl bj akmghjdk j umj leprlsj dl prlsth`hk y akm cj aujc sl ejmthlmlm cks pj`ks jc dåj. Lc akmtrkc hmvlmtjrhks ck rljchzjmj cj j trjvès dllmumthlepk shstlej dhslújdk cj eldhdj y lcdl aujc orhmdj hmgkrejahñm `lrlmahj rljchmgkreêthak dl ck qul kaurrl tjmtkj lm lc rlstjurjmtl akek lm cjs dleês leprlsjs dlc `rupk. Lm auj aujmt mtkk jc pl plrsk rskmj mjcc dl akahm akahmj, j, lc ab ablg lg prh prhma mahp hpjc jc th thlm lmll jepc jepchj hj lx lxpl plrh rhlm lmah ahjj lm cj  prlpjrjahñm dl pcjtks y ejmlik dl plrskmjc, y akek ck pumtujchzj lc `lrlmtl, `lr lmtl, lstl mk skck dlol slr um oulm akahmlrk shmk tjeohèm dlol tlmlr cj pjahlmahj akek pjrj gkrejr j su  plrskmjc y qul lc ablg pjrthahpj lm lc prkalsk dl slclaahñm dl sus jyudjmtls dl akahmj, euabks dl cks aujcls bjm shdk gkrejdk lm umj dl cjs Lsaulcjs @jstrkmñehajs dl cj rl`hñm Iumåm.

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?. LC AKELDK_ Lc prkalsk prhmahpjc ls lc dl jtlmahñm jc achlmtl, qul hmhahj dlsdl cj rlalpahñm y tlrehmj aujmdk lc achlmtl sl rlthrj dlc akeldkr, sjthsglabk dl umj mulvj lxplrhlmahj dl akmsuek. Lm aujmtk jc plrskmjc, cj `lrlmahj sl bj prlkaupjdk lm qul lstè ajpjahtjdk y ekthvjdk  pjrj orhmdjr um slrvhahk dl ajchdjd, jtlmtk j cks rlqulrhehlmtks dl cks achlmtls y  prlkaupjdk lm qul lc thlepk dl jtlmahñm slj lc eåmhek.

4.:.4. Ghmjmzjs y akmtjohchdjd (G) Cj leprlsj CJALE Q.J.A aulmtj akm um êrlj dl Akmtjohchdjd y Ghmjmzjs, qul rlpkrtj dhrlatjelmtl jc @lrlmtl @lmlrjc. Vrlslmtj umj shtujahñm ghmjmahlrj jdlaujdj, akm um mhvlc dl hm`rlsks lm prkeldhk dl Q/?11,