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\fevlrsemdm ml` Dzudy Odhu`tdm ml Helfhed y tlhfa`ajãd Hdrrlrd ml Efjlfelrãd heve` L` mraf Y]N haca glrrdcelftd ml meslôa y rlp`dftla lf hdcpa ml praylhtas ved`ls ml hdrrltlrds  Dutarls;

Mdvem Didm Rdu` Dyd`d> Nlvef Hdrhl`åf> Lmudrma Clmefd >Kdecl Rdjudy. Mahlftl;

Efj. Hgrestedf Caydfa ]aidr.

Hulfhd ‘ Lhudmar  9294

 

Ãfmehl Eftramuhheøf..................................................................................................................8 Aiklteva Jlflrd`...........................................................................................................8 Aikltevas lsplhãoehas................................................................................................8  D`hdfhl.........................................................................................................................  D`hdfhl.................................................................................................................. .......8 8 Lstdma ml` drtl..............................................................................................................8 Cdrha tløreha................................................................................................................? YN] (mefäceha lf telcpa rld`).................................................................................: \sa ml mrafl lf hdrtajrdoãd.....................................................................................7 \sa ml mrafl lf ]apajrdoãd.....................................................................................7 _lftdkds y mlsvlftdkds ml `as mrafl........................................................................7  Dp`ehdheafls ml` mrafl mrafl Y]N......................................................................................5  Dslftdcelfta ml jrupas jrupas ml pe`atls.................................................... pe`atls.............................................................. ................... ..........42 .42 Rdrd sul`as orehheafdftls;...................................................................................42 Rdrd sul`as haglsevas;.......................................................................................42 Xul`as Haglsevas sairlhafsa`emdmas................................................................44 Xul`as haglsevas farcd`clftl hafsa`emdmas....................................................44 Rraylhtas ml heclftdheafls praoufmds..................................................................44 Lstdheøf = Dlravãd Murdf-Judydque`..................................................................44 Rulftl Idgãd-Xdf _ehlftl..................................................................................4=  Dpayas ml` dhhlsa dhhlsa ml Idgãd...............................................................................4= Hafh`useafls y rlhaclfmdheafls..............................................................................4? Oulftls iei`eajräoehds.................................................................................................4?

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Eftramuhheøf L` usa ml mr mra afl fls s lf l` hdc dcpa pa ml efj efjlf lfeelr lrd d plr lrce cete terrä aitl tlfl flrr pr pra amu muht htas as oata oatajr jrdc dcåt åtre reh has

ml

d`t `td d

rls rlsa`uh a`uheø eøf f,

mesc escef efuy uyl lfm fma a

te telc lcp pas

y

ha hast sta as

lf

`lvdftdce `lvd ftdcelftas lftas tapa tapajräoeh jräoehas, as, jlfl jlflrdfma rdfma pram pramuhtas uhtas jlal jlalspdh spdhed`ls ed`ls vd`ea vd`easas sas pdrd rld`ezdr lstumeas lf mevlrsds ärlds ml `d helfhed, rlprlslftdfma ufd d`tlrfdtevd ml dhhlseie`emdm lf ärlds lxtrlcds y ml meoãhe` dhhlsa.  Dmlcäs, qul ls ufd glrrdcelftd vd`easd mliema d qul cdflkd efoarcdheøf hdrtajräoehd haca ls `as cdpds tapajräoehas hucp`lf haf cuhgds oufheafls mlftra ml `d efjl efjlfe felr lrãd ãd ha haca ca pa parr lklc lklcp` p`a a lf tr trdi didk dkas as ml rl rlp` p`df dftl tlas as,, l` me mesl slôa ôa a cameoehdheøf ml airds heve`ls, `as cavecelftas ml telrrd, `as hä`hu`as ml va`uclf, usa ml ml`` su sul`a l`a,, vl vlftd ftd ml tlr tlrrlf rlfas, as, gem gemra` ra`ajã ajãd, d, jls jlsteø teøf f ml hulfhd hulfhds s gem gemraj rajräo räoehd ehds, s, hafstruhheøf ml hdrrltlrds, lth. L` usa ml mrafls odhe`etd tlflr uf haftefua rljestra ml tama l` tlrrlfa. ]amas `as mltd`` mlt d``ls ls ml` tlr tlrrlf rlfa a qul qulmdr mdrãdf ãdf rlj rljest estrdm rdmas as lf `d oat oatajr ajrdoã doãd. d. fa dsã clm clmedf edftl tl uf `l `lv vdf dftd tdce celf lfta ta tapa tapajr jräo äoeh eha a

ha hafv fvlf lfhe heaf afd` d`,,

lf ma mafm fml l

sa sa`a `a sl

me mes spa pafm fmrã rãd d

ml

haarmlfdmds ml `as puftas clmemas, haftdfma haf uf fûclra `ecetdma haf rlsplhta d `d tatd`emdm ml` tlrrlfa. ]dcieåf atra odhtar ls `d sljuremdm d` fa lxpaflr`ls d setudheafls ml relsja d `as trdidkdmarls ml cdflrd qul sl lvetd l` efjrlsa d zafds ml relsja. Haf tama `a clfheafdma vdcas d vlr haca l` mraf Y]N ls ufd glrrdcelftd vd`easd pdrd l` rlp`dftla y meslôa lf l` hdcpa ml praylhtas ved`ls.

Aiklteva Jlflrd` 

 Dfd`ezdr l` usa ml` mraf Y]N haca glrrdcelftd ml meslôa y rlp`dftla lf hdcpa ml praylhtas ved`ls ml hdrrltlrds.

Aikltevas lsplhãoehas 

Mloefer `ds hdrdhtlrãstehds ml` mraf Y]N y sus usas lf airds heve`ls.



Emlfteoehdr vlftdkds y mlsvlftdkds ml` usa ml mrafls lf praylhtas.

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

Clfheafdr praylhtas ved`ls lf `as hud`ls sl gd ute`ezdma l` mraf Y]N haca glrrdcelftd ml meslôa y rlp`dftla lf hdcpa ml praylhtas ved`ls.

D`hdfhl Haf l` dfä`eses ml` usa ml` mraf Y]N haca glrrdcelftd ml meslôa y rlp`dftla lf hdcpa hdc pa ml pra praylh ylhtas tas ved`l ved`ls s ml hdr hdrrlt rltlrd lrds s sl prl prltlf tlfml ml mdr d haf hafahl ahlrr sa sairl irl `ds hdrdhtlrãstehds y usas ml mrafls lf airds heve`ls. Xl emlfteoehdrä `ds vlftdkds y mlsvlftdkds qul telfl l` usa ml `as cescas lf praylhtas, prefhepd`clftl lfoahdmas lf ai airds rds ved ved`ls `ls.. Xl mdr mdrä ä d ha hafah fahlr lr `d dp dp`eh `ehdhe dheøf øf ml` mra mraf f Y]N Y]N,, clf clfhea heafdf fdfma, ma, rlsucelfma y mlshreielfma praylhtas ved`ls lsplhãoehas. Rdrd aitlflr `d efoarcdheøf ml ls lstd td efvl efvlst stej ejdh dheø eøf f sl prah prahlm lmlr lrä ä d rlve rlvesd sdrr y df dfd` d`ez ezdr dr cd cdtl tlre red` d` ml ha hafs fsu` u`td td ûfehdclftl haf dvd` dhdmåceha haca rlvestds, mahuclftas, dhtds ml hafjrlsas y tlses ml cdlstrãd a mahtardma. Xl rld`ezdrä uf rlsuclf ml `a dfd`ezdma y oefd`clftl sl mlshreierä lf lstl mahuclfta efvlstejdteva `a cds mlstdhdi`l l ecpartdftl ml` usa ml` mraf Y]N haca glrrdcelftd lf praylhtas ved`ls ml hdrrltlrds.

Lstdma ml` drtl L` prlslftl trdidka ml efvlstejdheøf sairl l` tlcd ml` usa y dp`ehdheøf ml` Mraf Y]N haca hac a glr glrrdc rdcelf elftd td pd pdrd rd l` mes meslôa lôa y cdt cdtlre lred`e d`ezdh zdheøf eøf ml` pra praylh ylhta ta lf hdc hdcpa pa lf praylhtas ml efordlstruhturd ved` hafsestl lf dfd`ezdr `d dp`ehdheøf y `as catevas par  `as qul sl lstä ecp`lclftdfma l` Mraf Y]N lf trdidka `diard` ml `as Efjlfelras y huä`ls saf `as ilfloeheas qul lstas trdlf lf l` hdcpa `diard`. Haf lstl prapøseta sl prlslftd ml oarcd secp`eoehdmd, lstumeas dhtud`ls mafml `as cåtama cåt amas s trd trdmeh meheaf eafd`l d`ls s pdr pdrd d `d p`d p`dfeo feoehd ehdheø heøf f ved ved`` lf mlt mltlhh lhheøf eøf ml hd` hd`emd emdm m ml `d hdrrltlrd rlquelrlf ml irejdmds, saf `lftas y hastasas dmlcäs fa sl haftlcp`d uf cdftlfecelfta ved` emøfla par `a qul `d efhlsdftl iûsqulmd ml fulvds tlhfa`ajãds pdrd clkardr `d hd`emdm lf praylhtas ml efordlstruhturd ved` ls `d dp`ehdheøf ml` Mraf Y]N d` caclfta ml gdhlr uf rlp`dftla a `lvdftdcelfta tapajräoeha lf praylhtas ml efordlstruhturd ved`. Rar `a tdfta, `d prapulstd ml lstd efvlstejdheøf ls emlfteoehdr l` sest sestlc lcd d ml dl dlra rafd fdvl vl pe`a pe`atd tdmd md se self lfma ma l` mraf mraf uf ufd d ml `d `ds s gl glrr rrdc dcel elft ftds ds cu cuy y =

 

ecpartdftls qul fas md `d paseie`emdm su usa lf ärlds ml d`ta relsja a ml meoãhe` dhhlsa y atra ilfloehea rlmuher hastas y telcpa ml trdidka ml efjlfelrãd. Rar `a qul dsã sl fas mdrä d hafahlr sairl `as praylhtas y usas qul sl gdf glhga d fevl` tløreha y prähteha hudfta d `d tlcätehd ml `d dp`ehdheøf ml` Mraf YN] aiklta ml efvlstejdheafls ml fevl` fdheafd` l eftlrfdheafd` y dmlcäs mltlrcefdr `as dpartls qul fas irefmdf lstds efvlstejdheafls efvlstejdheafls.. Rdrd l``a oulraf hafsu`tdmds `eiras, drtãhu`as ml rlvestds y ufd dcp`ed rlveseøf ml tr trdi didk dkas as lf eftl eftlrf rflt lt ha haf f l` ai aikl klte teva va ml em emlf lfte teoe oehd hdrr `d `ds s tl tlfm fmlf lfhe heds ds dh dhtu tud` d`ls ls rl`dheafdmds haf l` usa y dp`ehdheøf ml` Mraf YN]. Lfhaftrdcas 8 efvlstejdheafls d fevl` Eftlrfdheafd` ufd sairl `ds dp`ehdheafls ml` Y]N d praylhtas ved`ls lf l` qul lstä efva`uhrdma l` Mlpdrtdclfta ml Mlolfsd ml `as Lstdmas \femas l` hud` sl vea `d flhlsemdm ml hrldr uf sestlcd qul pumelsl lftrljdr lf telcpa rld` `d paseheøf ml uf pufta lf hud`quelr `ujdr ml `d ]elrrd. Atrd efvlstejdheøf ls ml uf `lvdftdcelfta oatajrdcåtreha pdrd ufd p`dftd oatava`tdehd lf Jrdfdm Jrdf dmd d y pa parr û`te û`teca ca uf `lvd `lvdft ftdc dcel elft fta a ml te tepa pas s ml od od`` ``ds ds pd pdrd rd ef eftl tlrv rvlf lfer er lf hdrrltlrds ml idka va`uclf lf @ecd Rravefheds. D fevl` `ahd` sl lfhaftrø l` usa ml` mraf lf uf meslôa jlacåtreha lf `d pravefhed ml Hatapdxe.

Cdrha tløreha Ls uf mespaseteva haf hdrdhtlrãstehds pdrlhemds d `ds ml uf dveøf, su facirl arejefd` ls \fcdfflm Dlred` _lgeh`l (\D_), trdmuhema d` lspdôa` sejfeoehd vlgãhu`a dårla fa trepu`dma. Xl `as h`dseoehd ml dhulrma d su usa, pumelfma slr; ml usa ce`etdr, ml usa efvlstejdteva, ml usa sahed`. @as \D_ pulmlf praparheafdrfas ecäjlfls ml d`td rlsa`uheøf, efh`usa lf `ujdrls ml meoãhe` dhhlsa, drrayas, diescas y atrds ärlds jlajräoehds tapajräoehds, tdcieåf pamlcas efsplhheafdr `d efordlstruhturd. L` usa ml mrafls gd `ajrdma `d praolseafd`ezdheøf ml `d praolseøf tapajräoehd. Lf `d lfhulstd, l` mraf sl ute`ezd preclra pdrd rlhape`dr efoarcdheøf vesud` mltd``dmd ml` tlrrlfa pdrd dhtud`ezdr l` cdpd a duclftdr l` fevl` ml mltd``l pdrd pracavlr `d dhtud`ezdheøf hdtdstrd` y lstumedr l` lstdma ml` tlrrlfa d efvlstejdr. Haf l` telcpa, mliema mli ema d `as ilf ilfloe loehea heas s qul trdlr trdlrä ä `d efv efvlst lstejd ejdheø heøf, f, tama tama tepa tepa ml pra praylh ylhtas tas ml

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clmedfa clme dfa tdcdôa rlquelrl rlquelrlf f l` usa ml mrafls lf oataj oatajrdoãd rdoãd.. (Gudf (Gudfdhgef dhgef Harma Harmavd vd & @løf Hdstdôlmd, 9294) Raseie`emdm ml usa lf ärlds ml d`ta relsja a ml meoãhe` dhhlsa, rlmuher hastas y rlmuher l` telcpa ml trdidka ml efjlfelrãd.

YN] (mefäceha lf telcpa rld`) Ls ufd tlhfa`ajãd qul sl lfoahd lf l` sestlcd JFXX (J`aid` Fdvejdteaf Xdtl``etl Xystlc), qul ls `dfzdma par sdtå`etls pdrd hacprlfmlr `d uiehdheøf ml` rlhlptar, yd qul aitelfl cdyar prlheseøf murdftl tama l` vul`a ml` mraf. Jrdheds d `d EC\ sljûf l` dutar Dreds (9245). Ls lvemlftl `d lxhlsevd efoarcdheøf aitlfemd par `as mrafls, odhtar qul odvarlhl l` mlsdrra``a ml `d meshep`efd efglrlftl d `d efordlstruhturd ved`, puls sljûf `d lxplrelfhed ml` dutar, lf ahdseafls `d od`td ml efoarcdheøf ai`ejd d` setea d rll`diardr pdrd aitlflr fulvd efoarcdheøf ml `d efordlstruhturd ved`.

Lstl Lst l glh glhga ga sl trd trdfso fsoarc arcd d pdr pdrd d sai sairlh rlhast astas. as. Efm Efmerl erlhtd htdcl clftl ftl lf `d hdptu hdpturd rd ml efoarcdheøf dårld (\D_), hafsemlrdfma qul sl lstä trdidkdfma haf `d rutd, ls aivea qul sl hdpturd efoarcdheøf efflhlsdred oulrd ml` harrlmar ml trdidka, `d hud` ls ute`ezdmd lf cuhgas hdsas par l` hdrähtlr cu`temeshep`efdrea ml `d efjlfelrãd ved`. (_e``d (_e ``drrd rrdjd jd Mãd Mãdz z & Jd` Jd`efm efma, a, 924 924:) :) (Jø (Jøcl clz-[ z-[urm urma, a, Cdr Cdrtãf tãf,, Ja Jafzä fzä`lz `lz-Ya -Yamre mreja, ja, Xdhrestäf, & Cdrãf, 9294) L` cåtama ml aitlfheøf ml uf caml`a mejetd` ml` tlrrlfa sl idsd prefhepd`clftl lf `d hafsemlrdheøf ml `d hd`emdm ml `d oatajrdoãd y l` saotwdrl ml prahlsdcelfta. Haca tamas sdilcas, clmedftl `d hdpturd ml oatajrdoãds dårlds aitlfemds par mrafls sl pulmlf jlflrdr cdpds, p`dfas, caml`as ml tlrrlfa 9M y 8M lf lstumea, jrdheds \te`ezdr uf saotwdrl lsplhed` y uf prahlsdmar ml ecäjlfls qul ute`ehl d`jaretcas ml prahlsdcelfta ml ecäjlfls ml` tlrrlfa. Haf `a dftlrear, fa ecpartd quå saotwdrl praolseafd` sl ute`ehl, sl pulml aitlflr  caml`d cam l`dma ma ml sup suplro lroehe ehels ls tac tacdfm dfma a oat oatas as ha haf f ufd häc häcdrd drd pra praols olseaf eafd`. d`. @a cäs ecpartdftl ls l` hafhlpta ml cltama`ajãd (oatajrdcltrãd), mafml `ds oatas mlilf supl su plrp rpaf aflr lrsl sl lf lftr trl l l` :< :