Group 2 Customs of The Tagalog

 

Customs of the Tagalog Las Costumbres de los Indios  Tagalos de Filipi Filipinas nas

 Juan de Plasencia

 

Author’s Background Fray Juan de Plasencia 

Born in the early 16th century as Juan Portocarrero in Plasencia, in the region of Extremadura, Spain. He was one of the seven children of Pedro Portocarrero,, a captain of a Spanish schooner. Portocarrero schooner.

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Juan de Plasencia grew up during the period known as the Siglo de Oro, a Golden Age when arts and literature ourished in many parts of Spain, among them his nave Extremadura.

 

Arrival in the Philippines • Fray Juan de Plasencia came together with the rst batch of Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines. •  Arrived at a port in Cavite, a few kilometers south of Manila on the 2nd of July 1578. • As soon as he arrived, he joined forces with another missionary, Fray Diego de Oropesa, and they both started preaching aroundwhere Laguna Bay and Tayabas, Quezon, in Quezon Province, hede founded several towns.

 

Relacion de las

Historical Background of the Document

“

Costumbres

The chronicler, Francis enemies, and so I can hardly express the sadness I feel any time the news of such incidents reach my ears or I myself amenmity involved; however, if one is tobetween choose between and friendship and  peace and war, I believe enmity is to be  preferred. For considering the kind of persons most of the alcaldes mayores are nowadays, nothing indicates that friendship with them will help the missions in any way. On the contrary, it will destroy them. Because, as I have observed, you can hardly find one that is not blinded and moved by greediness, thus destroying his own soul as well as the lives and  possessions of the poor Indians. ”

 

Customs of the T Tagalogs agalogs It was wrien on the year 1589 during the Spanish Colonial Period. Aer receiving the Lordship’s leer, Plasencia wished to reply immediately; but he postponed his answer in order that he rst thoroughly informhimself in regard to People’s request, andmight to avoid discussing the conicng reports of the Indians. Therefore, he collected Indians from dierent districts old men, and those of most capacity; and from them he have obtained the simple truth, aer weeding out much foolishness, in regard to their government, administraon administraon of jusce, j usce, inheritance, slaves, and dowries.

 

Customs of the T Tagalogs agalogs Customs of the Tagalogs is a part (either chapters or subsecons) of longer monographs wrien by the chroniclers of the Spanish expedions to theinially Philippines during theRobertson’s early 16th and centuries. They appeared in Blair and 55 17th volumes, The Philippine Islands (1903) and in the Philippine Journal of Sciences (1958).

 

ANG SINAUNANG KABIHASNAN: KULTU KUL TURA RA AT TR TRADI ADISYO SYON N NG MGA SINAUNANG PILIPINO

 

 SOCIAL

CLASS

CHIETAN (DATU) NOBLES (MAHARLIKA) FEUDAL WARRIOR (TIMAWA) COMMONERS (ALIPING NAMAMAHAY) SLAVES (ALIPING SAGUIGUILIR)

 

 GOVERNMENT BARANGAY ADMINISTRATION  OF JUSTICE

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Earliest form of Government.

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Derived from  balangay ‘ ’

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Unwritten and written law.

Consist of 30 to 100 families together with their relatives and slaves.

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The chieftain’s executive function includes implementing laws, ensuring

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order and giving protection to subject.between individuals The 1st son of the barangay chieftain  his Disputes inherits his father’ father ’s position were settled by a court made up INHERITANCE

In the absence of male heirs, it is the eldest daughter that becomes the

of the chieftain and council of elders

elders

chieftain.

.

 

ACQUISITION OF POWER 

Proving of his leadership skills  Through succession  Chosen by wisdom, wealth and  physical strength

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LOSS OF POWER  

Death  Replacement

INTERBARANGANIC RELATIONS 

Friendship and alliance through SANDUGUAN .

 

SITUATIONS ‡ Those who are maharlicas on both the father’s and mother’s side continue to be forever  ‡  If maharlicas had children among their ‡ slaves If maharlicas had children by the slavewoman of another  ‡ If a free woman had children by a slave they were all free ‡ If two persons married, whom one was a maharlica and the other of a slave the children were divided ‡ Maharlicas could not, after marriage, move from one village to another without paying a

SPECIAL CASE † When one married woman of another village, the children were afterwards divided equally between the two † barangays. They had laws by which they condemned to death a man of low birth who insulted the daughter or wife of a chief. † Dowries are given by men to the women’s parents before marriage.

certain fee in gold  

ECONOMIC LIFE 

 Agriculture in the plane lands

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 Hunting in high lands.

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.

Fishing in river banks and sea .  Shipbuilding, weaving, poultry, mining and lumbering. 

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Domestic trade of different barangays by boat.

 Foreign trade with countries like Borneo, China, Japan, Cambodia, Java, and Thailand.

 

ALIPIN Ang isang tao ay nagiging alipin kung:

Makakamtan ang kalayaan ng isang alipin kung:

ng digmaan. 3. Nagm Nagmul ula a sa pamilyang alipin.

1. Nat Natup upad ad an ang g pag pagbab babaya ayad d ng utang. 2. Si Siya ya ay nag nagpa paki kita ta ng kabayanihan sa digmaan. 3. Ma Maaa aari ring ng kus kusang ang lo loob ob na na pinalaya ng datu. 4. Nak Nakapag apag-as -asawa awa ng isa isang ng tao

4. Hindi Hindi naka nakabay bayad ad ng ng utang.

na nabibilang sa ibang uri o pangkat ng lipunan.

1. Siy Siya a ay ginamit ginamit bilang bilang pambayad utang. 2. Nabiha Nabihag g sa p pana anaho hon n

 

 ANG  A NG PANA ANANAM NAMIT IT AT PALA PALAMUT MUTII PUTONG BARO O CAMISA KANGGAN

SAYA BAHAG

 

RELIHIYON AT PANANAMPALATAYA Ang mga sinaunang Pilipino ay naniniwala sa kanilang mga diyos at naniniwala din sila sa iisang iisa ng Diyos na tinatawag nilang “Bathala”, ang dakilang 1. Idiyanalelumikha. – diyos ng pagsasaka 2. Sidapa – diyos ng kamatayan

PAMAHIIN  Naniniwala din ang mga sinaunang tao sa pamahiin ng: Aswang, ng:  Dwende, Kapre,tulad Tikbalang, Tikbalang,  Patyanak/Tiyanak.  Patyanak/T iyanak.

3. Balangaw – diyos ng bahaghari 4. Mandarangan – diyos ng digmaan 5. Agni – diyos ng apoy 6. Magwayen – diyos ng kabilang buhay 7. Lalahon – diyos ng pag-aani 8. Siginarugan – diyos ng impyerno 9. Diyan Masalanta – diyos ng pag-ibig

Pinaniniwalaan din nila ang mga kapangyarihan tulad ng: antinganting, kulam at gayuma

 

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IDOLS

 Bathala Lic-ha Dian masalanta (patron of lovers and of generation) Lacapati and Idianale (patrons of cultivated lands and of husbandry)

 ANG BAHAY

Tala Seven little goats (the Pleiades) Mapolon (change of seasons) Balatic (greater Bear) Buaya Tigmamanuguin Tigmamanu guin –bird  No established division of years, months, and days  Catolonan (officiating priest) offerings and sacrifices

Ito ay yari sa kawayan at pawid, may bubong, silong at hagdan na maaaring alisin sa gabu o kung umaalis ang maybahay.

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Belief on bearingchild

 

WIKA, PARAAN NG PAGSULAT AT PANITIKAN Ang mga wika na ginagamit ng sinaunang tao ay Wikang MalayoPolinesyo. Mapapansing Malaki ang pagkakahawig nito sa mga iba  pang wika na ginagamit sa Pilipinas kung kaya madali itong

tandaan.

 

COURTSHIP CUSTOMS

Pasaguli or Riddle Courtship

Pamalaye

  - This form of rule courtship hasinbeen ever major since  – The Formal Proposal Cebu  before the Spanish arrived the practiced country two  purposes: to showcase certain expressions of love and to Province “Mamamae” and a “Sagang” assess the sentiments of the parents of both parties. After whose main qualifications are great skill everything is done, they will settle the price in a form of in the art of debate and rebuttal. The

dowry.

reaching of an agreement between the families is the high point of this custom Olog or “Agamang“– The Betrothal House Ifugao, Mountain called the “Pamalaye”, and lavish Province -(The marriageable boys are accommodated in another festivities ensue. “Ato” communal house the and “Ato“.) The boys from regularly visit thecalled “Olog” performed the firstthestage of Among the Ilocanos, this is known as courtship known as the “Ca-i-sing.” All these are done “Tampa” or, the more formal under the watchful eye of the “Olog” head — an elderly and married woman or a childless widow who keeps the parents arrangement, the “Danon.” To the

of herpractice, wards informed of our the developments of the courtship. is “Pamanhikan.” is The unique to Northern Mountain Tribes is Tagalogs, “Pasaguli” it to the Palawe Itand

also

known

as

Ebgan

(Kalinga)

or

Pangis

“Kapamalai” to the Maranaos.

 

Pangagad – Bride Service Province of Leyte  a Filipino man wishing to wed into a traditional family is expected to perform household service to the bride’s family as proof of his sincerity and fortitude. This can include anything from fetching water and chopping firewood, working in the farm as well as running household errands. This usually lasts about one year. This is more of a test period–as the rendering of the “pangagad” still does not guarantee

irrevocable acceptance of the marriage proposal. Thus, it is appropriately known as “Paninilbihan” (being of service) or “Subok” (trial) to the Tagalogs. In Bicol, it is called the “Pamianan.” Pangalay – The Wedding Tausug  On the eve of the affair, a cacophony of native percussion instruments–“agong“, “kulingtang“and “gabbang” announce the impending wedding. The ceremony  proper is performed by an “Imam” or Muslim priest. After readings from the

“Koran“, the groom puts his “fingerprint” on the forehead of the bride. This gesture formally seals the marriage.

 

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS •Generally Generally,, men were monogamous; while their wives are called  Asawa. •The courtship begins with  Paninilbihan  Paninilbihan . • The man requires to give dowry;  (1) Bigay-kaya where they will give a piece of land or gold.  (2) Panghihimuyat: a gift for the bride’s parents 3) Bigay-Suso (for brides wet nurse) •Marriage between couples belongings to different social classes were not common. •Several grounds for divorce are: (1) Adultery, (2) Abandonment Abandonment on the part of tthe he husband, (3) Cruelty and (4) Insanity.

Reference/s: Reference/ s: hps://www.slideshare.net/rey_j hps://www.slideshare.net/rey_john_rey/juan ohn_rey/juan-de-deplasencia-custom-of-the-tagalogs  

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The deceased was buried beside his The relatives wore rattan bands

house

around arm, legs and neck and they abstained from eating meat and wine.

If he were a chief, he was placed The ancients distinguished mourning  beneath a little house or porch which for a woman for that a man – morotal they constructed for this purpose. Before (a woman) and maglahi (for men) interring him, they mourned him for  Relatives of the dead who was four days. And afterward laid him on murdered would not end their mounring  boat which served as a coffin or bier, bier, they have exacted vengeance or  placing him beneath the porch, where until Balata guard kept over him by a slave. In place of rowers, various animals were placed  The celebration held on the ninth might

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within boat, one being assigned a placethe at the oareach by twos---male female

after the death of the person is called Pasiyam, in which a play called tibawis

of each species s pecies being together.

staged to honor the death.

 

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They knew that there was another life of rest   There were also ghosts, which which they called maca, just as if we should say they called vibit, and phantoms, “paradise,” or in other words, “village of rest”.  which they called tigbalaang. They 

Those who go to this place are the  just, and the valiant  There was a place of punishment, grief, 

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and affliction called casanaan, which was a “place of anguish” They also maintained that no one would go to heaven, where there only dwelt bathala, “the maker of all things,”   who governed from above. There were also another pagans who confessed more clearly to hell, which they called as I have said, casanaan; they said that all the wicked went to that place, and there dwelt the demons, whom they called

had another deception namely, if any woman died in childbirth, she and the child suffered punishment, and that, at night, she could be heard lamenting.  This

called patianac. May honor and glory be to God our Lord, that among the tagalongs not a trace of this is left, and that those who are now marrying do not even know what it is, thanks to the preaching of the holy gospel, which has banished it.

 Reference/s:  Refere nce/s:

 

https://www.slideshare.net/rey_john_re  y/juan-de-plasencia-custom-of-the y/juan-de-plasenc ia-custom-of-the-

sitan.

IMPLICATIONS • The original work itself is a product of observations and  judgments. Therefore, Therefore, it is probable probable that that Juan de Plasenci Plasencia’ a’ss work might contain partiality in presenting his observations and judgments.

• Pre-conquest society were not swept by the advent of the Spanish regime

• It has continued to serve as the basis for historical

reconstructions reconstructio ns of Tagalog Tagalog society. society.  

•

Refe Referen rence/ ce/s: s: h s:/ s://ww /www w.slide .slidesha share. re.net net/re /re

ohn re / uan uan-de -de-- lasenc lasenciaia-cus custom tom-of -of-th -the-t e-ta a alo s

Relevant of the Document in the Modern Time • The original work itself is a product of observaons and judgement. Therefore, Therefor e,initpresenng is probablehis that Juan de Plasencia’s work might contain parality observaons and judgements. j udgements.

• It has connued to serve ser ve as a basis bas is for historical reconstrucons reconstrucons of Tagalog society.

 

• Many of the 16th century beliefs and pracces are sll present today today.. • If arms that during the pre-Hispanic period, Filipinos already have a government as well as a set of beliefs and pracces. • Some of our precepons on Filipino beliefs and pracces are somehow on dierent from Juan de Plasencia’s point of view.