Group 2 Arthropoda

 

PHYL PHYLUM UM AR ARTHROPO THROPODA DA

 

GROUP 2 Members :   Avicennia Nandira      

Munandar Dina Ratnasari Gusti Adiza Khairina Hendra an!"it Pramana

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Defnition  Arthropoda comes from Latin words, arthra and and podos  podos . Arthra  Arthra  means segment and podos and podos means foot. foot. So Arthropod means a group of animals with the characteristics of segmented feet. Its body is also segmented.

 

Arthropod’s Body

 

Characteristics  

Are triploblastic coelomate animal  The body is covered covered by by a hard cuticle cuticle that orms orms as an exoskeleton (composed by chitin)



ave speciali!ed sense or"ans that are #ell$ developed to respond to stimuli %uickly



ave complete di"estion system



Breathe #ith "ills& trachea& body surace& or book lun"s'



ave open circulation system



xcretion system usin" malphi"ian tubules andor certain excretion "lands

 

Arthr&'&ds( )i*e+ habitat+ and re'r&ducti&n Habitat Arthropods can almost be

M&des &* Li*e Arthropods live reely asparasite& comensal& or symbiotic'

ound every#here rom the sea& resh#ater re"ions& deserts& and Re'r&ducti&n savannas' Arthropods reproduce se,ua))- by ormin" "ametes' The male and emale repr reproductive oductive or"ans are separated' ach individual produces "ametes (dioecious) ' *ertili!ation occurs internally and produces ertili!ed e""s'  They also reproduce reproduce ase,ua))- throu"h partheno"enesis and paedo"enesis' +artheno"enesis is reproduction #ithout ertili!ation by male individual' ,hile paedo"enesis is

 

ARTHROPOD. /LA..010/AT0ON Arthr&'&ds divided c)asses+ that are a3 b3 c3 d3

int&

2ve

Arachnida 0nsects M-ria'&da /rustaceae

 The Di-erences Di-erences o characteristics o the fv fv e classes o Arthropod

 

%3 Arachnids Arachnida (arachne (arachne . spider) is the spider "roup eventhou"h the members are not /ust spiders& or example scorpions& ticks& mites and horseshoe crabs' They are /oint$ le""ed invertebrate animals' All arachnids have ei"ht le"s& althou"h the ront pair o le"s in some species has converted to a sensory

unction' Arachnids are terr terrestrials estrials  

&d- structure &* Arachnids

 The spider body body is composed o t#o parts& cephalothorax (head$ breast) at interior and abdomen at posterior' Cephalothorax consists o 1 •  A pair o chelicerae (stin"ers) •  A pair o pedipalps •  *our pairs o(pincers) #alkin"

le"s  

The 1uncti&n &* each

 

Three Orders &* %4

.c&r'i&nida

Arachnids

2corpionida has poisonous stin"er on the last se"ment o the abdomen& or ) example 1 scorpions (Uroctonus (Uroctonus mordax 

 

54Arachneae 3n Arachneae & the abdomen is not se"mented and has poisonous "lands in chelicerae' xample 1

,ol 2pider (Pardosa (Pardosa   2p')

4olden #eb spider ()

 

64

Acarina

Acarina has a small body& includin" the "roup o ticks such as Acarina as Acarina sp.

 

R7PRODU/T0ON O1 ARA/HN0D. Arachnids may have one or t#o "onads& #hich are located in the abdomen' The "enital openin" is usually located on the underside o the second abdominal se"ment' 3n most species& the male transers sperm to the emale in a packa"e& or spermatophore'

Arachnids usually lay yolk yolky y e""s& #hich hatch into immatures that resemble adults' 2corpions& ho#ever& are either ovoviviparous or vivipar viviparous& ous& dependin" on species& and bear

live

 

 The 5 5ole ole 6 Arachnids  They have harmul harmul property& property& such as 1 • Do" *lea 1 they suck the bird& mammal& even also human blood' •

2arcoptes 1 can cause skin disease called 2arcoptes scabies

Ctenocephalides canis (Do" *lea)

Sarcoptes scabiei

 

53 0N.7/T. 3nsect comes rom 7atin #ord Insectum Insectum that’s  that’s mean 8Cut into sections9' 3nsect is the animal #hich # hich has the most species amon" all o animal so not surprisin"ly i insect is the animal most oten ound by human and maybe ound in nearly all enviroment' 3nsect has around :;ediator or disease (ex 1 =y& mos%uito& bu")  A"ricultural disease (ex 1 4rasshopper& 

Cotton puller)

 

Based on the presence of wings

 Apterygota

Pterygota

Endopterygota

 0nsects /)assi2cati&n

Exopterygota

Coleoptera

Orthoptera

Hymenoptera

Hemiptera

Diptera

Homoptera

Lepidoptera

Odonata

 

63 M-ria'&da >yriapoda (myriad 1 (myriad  1 that many& many& podos  podos 1  1 le") is a "roup o arthropods have many le"s' >yriapoda live on land in humid places such as underneath rocks& #ood& or leaves' >yriapoda are dioecious and reproduce sexually sexuall y by b y internal ertili!ation'

 

Body 2tructure .e!ment

The thorax and abdoment of Myriapoda are difficult to be differentiated. The head has antennae, mouth, and a pair of mandibles, two pairs of maxillae, and ocelli eyes.

ead

The segmented body has one or two pairs of appendages on each segment. Eery body segment has respiration pores called spiracles.

 

>yriapoda is "rouped into t#o orders& Chilopoda (centipedes) and Diplopoda (milipedes)'

 

a3/hi)&'&da

 This "roup "roup o animals is kno#n more oten centipedes' body and isas a bit =attened'The They areelon"ates ast& predatory and venomous& huntin" mostly at ni"ht' Centipede has poisonous stin"ers that is modifed rom its le"s to kill prey such as insects and small invertebrates& also its enemies or intruders' The stin" is painul and s#ells the skin

Scolopendra

 

b3Di')&'&da  This animal is kno#n kno#n as milipedes' The body is sli"htly rounded and have a pair o le"s in each o its se"ment' Diplopoda lack o stin"ers' They are herbivores or scaven"ers'  They are are slo# and the le"s move lik like e an oceanic #ave' ,hen disturbed or touched& a millipede #ill roll itsel and pretend to die'

5usty millipede (rigoniulus (rigoniulus

corallinus)) corallinus  

Reproduction of Myriapoda ! "oth the centipede and millipede hae separate sexes ! The female lay eggs which are fertili#ed sexually by the male ! Some species the eggs in a $nest% where they are guarded by thelay male ! &thers lay one egg at a time and then leae it.

 

3 /rustacea  The "roup o crustacea (crusta 1 skin) has a hard exoskeleton'   exoskeleton' Crustaceans are a%uatic animals #ith some exceptions that live on land they alson can be ound in marine& resh#ater& and terrestrial habitats'  Crustaceans have t#o pairs o antennae and t#o pair o maxillae'  2ome appenda"es are biramous'  xoskeleton made o chitin #ithout a #axy cuticle'  5espiration is throu"h "ills'  Crustaceans are are hi"hly se"mented' se"mented' >ore derived orms orms are ta"mati!ed and sho# e#er& more speciali!ed& limbs' 

 

/RU.TA/7AN(. R7PRODU/T0ON • Barnacles are monoecious but "enerally cross$ ertili!e' • 3n some ostracods& males are scarce and reproduction is by partheno"enesis' • >ost crustaceans brood e""s in brood chambers& in brood sacs attached to the abdomen& a bdomen& or attached to abdominal appenda"es' • Crayfshes develop directly #ithout a larval orm'

 

>ost crustaceans have larva unlikeathe adult in orm& and under"o metamorphos is • 4ul shrimp

 

Subclasses of Crustaceans Crustaceans are grouped into two subclasses : a)   Entomostraca

is the group of crustaceans with microscopic size. They live freely and are composed of zoo plankton or bentos, or live as parasites.

Cyclops sp

Daphnia pulex 

 

b) Ma Mala lacos costra traca ca • Malacostrac Malacostraca a has more members than ntomostraca.

!hrimp or prawns, lobsters, and crabs are Malacost Malacostraca. raca. • The following will describe the most familiar malacostracans, malacostracan s, the prawn. • "rawn have a hard e#oskeleton for protection. The body is composed of two parts, head and thora# that merge into one cephalothora#, and abdomen

Grapsus grapsus

Penaeus monodon

 

The R&)e &* /rustacea 

*ood or some kind o fsh (because most o them is !oo$plankton)



ave very important economic value (because they are the ood that contain hi"h protein de"ree as one o the ood material re%uired or human

 

Di ffe r e nc e sofEa c hCl a s sofAr t hr opod’ sc l a s s TheDi CLASS

MAI N BODY REGI ONS

PAI RSOF OFLEGS

CRUSTACEA

t wofiveormor e c e p h a l o t h o r a x * anda bdome me n ( s ome mewi t hhead andt r unk)

MYRI APODA

ARACHN HNI DA

I NSECTA

PAI RSOF ANTENNAE

WI NGS GS

t wo

abs e nt

t wo-headand t r u n k

many-oneort wo one pert r unks e gme ment

abs e nt

t woc e p h a l o t h o r a x * anda bdome me n

f our

none( t hough absent pal psma y r es emb mbl eant ennae orl e gs )

t hr e e-he ad, t hor axand

t hr e e

one

abdome n

us ual l ypr e s e nt ( butmany wi ngl es sf orms ms )

c e pha l o t ho r a x=f us e dhe a da ndt hor a x  

Arthr&'&ds( R&)e t& Human Li*e The ene2ts as

hi"h protein ood source such as "iant river pra#ns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)& rosenbergii)&

"iant ti"er pra#ns (Penaeus ( Penaeus monodon)& monodon )& mud crabs (Scylla (Scylla serrata)) and lobster serrata (Panulirus !ersicolor ) oney producer& honey bee ( Apis  Apis indica) indica) 2ilk abric rom the cocoon o silk moths (Bombyx (Bombyx mori) mori)

 

The Ne!ative As'ects 3ntermediate

vector or many human diseases such as  Anopheles (malaria  Anopheles  (malaria vector)& Aedes vector)& Aedes aegypti as den"ue ever vector& tse tse =y ("lossina ( "lossina palpalis) palpalis) as sleepin" sickness vector& and house =y (Musca ( Musca domestica) domestica) as the vector o thypus'

Cause

skin disorder by Sarcoptes scabiei& scabiei& head lice (Pediculus humanus) humanus) and bed bu"s (Cimex (Cimex rotundatus) rotundatus) Crop and industrial pests like rice bro#n plant hoppers (#ilapar!ata lugens) lugens) and coconut rhinoceros beetles ($ryctes rhinoceros) rhinoceros) *ood destroyer such as lesser "rain borers b orers (%hy&opertha dominica) dominica) Destroyer o natural products such as #ood by termites and silverfsh (Lepisma (Lepisma saccharina) saccharina)