Green Building

A R C H I T E C T U R A L

D E S I G N

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

D E F

"A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional building.“ (Src: www.igbc.co.in)

I

N A T

• • • •

I O N

• •

Green Rating for Integrated • Habitat Assesment •

•

Minimize the demand on non-renewable resources Maximize the utilization efficiency of these resources Maximize the reuse, recycling, and utilization of renewable resources Maximizes the use of efficient building materials and construction practices Optimizes the use of on-site sources and sinks by bioclimatic architectural practices Uses minimum energy to power itself Uses efficient equipment to meet its lighting, air conditioning, and other needs Uses efficient waste and water management practices Provides comfortable and hygienic indoor working conditions

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

WHY GO GREEN?? CONSTRUCTION SECTOR 60 Percentage

50 40 30 20

10 0

Series 1

Energy Use

Water Consum ption

40

42

Raw Air Material Consum Pollution ption 50

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

50

Green House Gases

Water Pollution

Solid Waste

CFCs

50

42

50

48

BARUN KUMAR

D E F I

N A T I O N

CO2 Emission Trade

From February 2005, the Kyoto protocol applies. It is meant to reduce the levels of global greenhouse gas emissions. The origin of this protocol can be traced back to 1997. It stands for an international environmental treaty where the 39 participating industrial nations agreed, by 2012, to reduce their collective emission of environmentally harmful gases, like, for instance, carbon dioxide (CO2) by a total of 5% when compared to 1990 levels.

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

D E F I

N A T I O N

In sum, the following aspects of a green building design are looked into in an integrated way. • Site planning • Building envelope design • Building system design (HVAC [heating ventilation and air conditioning], lighting, electrical, and water heating) • Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy on-site • Water and waste management • Selection of ecologically sustainable materials (with high recycled content, rapidly renewableresources with low emission potential, and so on) • Indoor environmental quality (maintain indoor thermal and visual comfort and air quality)

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

What is green building rating system?

R A T I N G

S Y S T E M

A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental performance of a building through its life cycle. It usually comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of a green building.

Some of the successful international rating programmes Breeam Building research establishment’senvironmental assessment method (BREEAM) - UK Casbee Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency (CASBEE) – JAPAN Gbtool International framework committee for the green building challenge, An international project that has involved more than 25 countries since 1998. Leed Leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) US Hk–beam Hong kong building environmental assessment method (HK-BEAM) Dgnb German sustainable building certificate (gesbc) Green star Austerlia Minergie Switzerland

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

R A T I N G

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven program that provides third-party verification of green buildings. From individual buildings and homes, to entire neighborhoods and communities, LEED is transforming the way built environments are designed, constructed, and operated. Comprehensive and flexible, LEED addresses the entire lifecycle of a building.

Rating Systems for Green Buildings

Weightage 6%

S Y S T E M

14% 13%

25%

9% 33%

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

G R I H A

GRIHA was developed as an indigenous building rating system, particularly to address and assess non-air conditioned or partially air conditioned buildings. GRIHA has been developed to rate commercial, institutional and residential buildings in India emphasizing national environmental concerns, regional climatic conditions, and indigenous solutions. GRIHA stresses passive solar techniques for optimizing visual and thermal comfort indoors, and encourages the use of refrigeration-based and energy-demanding air conditioning systems only in cases of extreme thermal discomfort. GRIHA integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards for buildings and acts as a tool to facilitate implementation of the same.

• • • • • • • • • •

Provides guidelines, best practices, benchmarks/ indicators : Conservation of for soil, energy, water, materials Demand reduction Enhanced efficiency level of water use, energy use Use of renewable energy resources Maximizing recycling and reuse of water and waste Ensuring quality of water, and air (outdoor and indoor) Ensuring safety , health of construction workers Quality of indoor environment Controlling factors leading to climate change

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Recommended Practices • Proper orientation to take maximum advantage of the sun. • Landscaping to alter wind direction and ambient temperature • Choice of building insulation/roof gardens/colours and textures • Properly sized and shaded windows • Window placement to allow cross ventilation • Placement of rooms (e.g. buffer spaces like toilets, staircases on west) • Detail roof innovatively to admit maximum daylight • Use efficient lamps, fixtures and controls • Use solar water heating system • Use a hybrid of an earth air tunnel system and airconditioning to reduce loads

BARUN KUMAR

GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Set of 32 criteria G R I H A

100 point system with differential weightage on various criteria Operation and maintenance 2%

Health 17%

Energy (System Design) 21%

Waste 8%

Site 15%

Water 14%

• • • • •

51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81- 90 91- 100

Energy (Passive Design) 23%

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

CASE STUDY(GRIHA): RETREAT

RETREAT, a residential training facility for executives, is designed to be self-sufficient, and independent of any external power supply. It consists of two semicircular blocks arranged one behind the other. The south block comprises the living quarters with 24 single-occupancy rooms and 6 suites and the north block comprises the conference centre with a large hall, a dining room, a lounge, recreational facilities, and a library.

C A S E

S T U D Y

SILENT FEATURES •

• • • • • • • • • • •

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Saves 40%-50% of energy costs with an additional investment of about 25%. Twenty-four solar water-heating panels Photovoltaic panels the main source of power at night. Gasifier the source of power for the building during the day. Effective insulation Shade provided by trees Underground earth air tunnels Chillers for dehumidification and additional cooling during the monsoon. Specially designed skylights, Energy-efficient lights, and A bed of reed plants (phragmytes) The estimated co2 saving is about 570 tonnes/year.

BARUN KUMAR

E C B C

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

E C B C

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

E C B C

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

E C B C

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

Building HVAC system

E C B C

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

E C B C

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

Site And Building Envelope

S I T E A N D B U I L D I N G

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

Site And Building Envelope

S I T E A N D B U I L D I N G

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

BARUN KUMAR

Passive Architecture

P A S S I V E

A R C H I T E C H T U R E

Insulation

Wind tower NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Down draft Evaporative Cooling BARUN KUMAR

P A S S I V E

Roofing

A R C H I T E C H T U R E

Trombe Wall NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Roof Garden

Pergolas BARUN KUMAR

P A S S I V E

A R C H I T E C H T U R E

Light Shelf

Solar Chimney NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Roof Pond

Earth Air Tunnel BARUN KUMAR

Renewable Energy Source

R E N E W A B L E

Photovoltaic Cells

Biofuels

Wind Power

E N E R G Y

Solar Water Heater

Geothermal Heat-pump

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Geothermal Electricity

BARUN KUMAR

O T H E R S

Rain Water Harvesting

Sensors

Energy efficient lighting

Reed Bed (Waste water recycling)

NAKUL KUMAR NAYAN

Water efficient fixtature

BARUN KUMAR