greek

®

Teach Yourself

COMPLETE Speak, read and write with confidence (page xvii) xxiii) (page alphabet the Learn 1) (page yourself Introduce Order a drink Small talk (page 19) menus (page (page 35) Understand 73) (page 51) Give directions arrangements travel Make the time (page (page 91) Tell the future (page 97) Talk about call phone a Make 134) the Understand 151) (page forecast (page 186) weather Greece (page 208) in Easter . voca buI ~ Find e ential I' fast (page 278) Test your elf and learn (www.teachyourself.com)

...'-'~C\ ~

.-\\~,~~·· -«(\

FROM BEGINNER TO

:

Level4

"'c.f

\'1t-

.,l\\\

"Global scale" of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR)

N

u ..J

!~ t>W

Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources. reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.

>..J

~~ >w

1-U

u -> "'"' ..J

t>W

>..J

~~ >w

Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.

1-U

Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.

< ..J

.-"' -> t>W

>..J

~ft: >w

Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed ot the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives. people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.

1-U © Council of Europe. www.coe.int/lang.

Extract reproduced with the permission of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg

Complete Greek

®

Teach

Yourself

Complete Greek Aristarhos Matsukas

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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: on file. First published in UK ~~~7 as Teach Yourself Grui by Hodder Education, pan of Hachette Livre UK, 338 Euston Road, London, NW1 3BH. First published in US 1997 as Teach Yourself Gruk by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. This edition published 1010. The Teach YOMI'IIIlf name is a registered trade mark of Hodder Headline. Copyright C 1997, 1003, •o1o Aristarhos Matsukas

In UK: All rights reserved. Apan from any permitted use under UK copyright law, no pan of this publication may be reproduced or ttansmitred in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information, storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing &om the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Funher details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. In US: All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no pan of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Typeset by MPS Limited, A Macmillan Company. Printed in Great Britain for Hodder Education, pan of Hachette Livre UK, 33 8 Euston Road, London, NW1 3BH, by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading, Berkshire. The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websires referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher and the author have no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content will remain relevant, decent or appropriate. Hachette Livre UK's policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Impression number 10 ~ 8 7 6

s4 3 1 1

Year 10IJ 2.014 2.013 2.012. 2.011 2.010

Acknowledgements Special thanks for this new edition go to Rebecca Green, Ginny Catmur and Sue Hart, my editors at Hodder Education, also to my students in New York City, Athens, and now in Berlin who have shown me over the years what is important and fun when learning Modern Greek.

.................................................................................................

Contents v

Acknowledgements Meet the author Only got a minute? Only got ten minutes? Introduction How to use this book Symbols and abbreviations Pronunciation guide 1

2

3

4

s 6

7

ix X

xii xvii xviii xxii xxiii

r11a aoul

Hi! Asking for and giving personal information, introducing people, using Greek greetings Ta Kciv£u;; How are you doing? Engaging in 'small talk; enquiring about each other's health, conversing about common daily activities, talking about what jobs people have, counting from 1-10 'EAa va naOUIJ€ tva ou(ciKd Let's have a glass of ouzo! Ordering drinks, asking for local drinks, counting from 11-20 KaAra op€~111 Bon appetit! Ordering food in a restaurant, asking for local specialities, enquiring about Greek eating habits, counting from 21-100 Revision test 1 nou dvaa 11 AKponoAra; Where is the Acropolis? Asking for directions, understanding simple instructions, finding your way around, counting from 101-1000 KaAo Ta~i6d Have a nice trip! Making travel arrangements, finding out about public transport, purchasing tickets and making reservations, telling the time, counting from

1

19

35

51

67 73

91

1000-10000

Contents

Vll

8

'ExnE 6w1Jcttla; Do you have any rooms?

9

Enquiring about rooms, making hotel reservations, checking in or checking out, explaining a problem with your room 0iAnE TlnoTa; How can I help you? 124 Buying things, enquiring about prices, stating preferences, naming fruit and vegetables, naming colours

10 11

Revision test 2 'EAal noao«; Elvaa; Hello! who is it?

107

144 151

Making telephone calls, making arrangements to meet someone, suggesting what to do and where to meet, talking about business plans 12

Eixa tva TPOI.IEPO novoKtcpaAol I had a terrible headache! Express feelings, talking

167

to a doctor, asking for remedies, naming different professions, naming different sports 13

Ta Kaapo tKavE; What was the weather like?

186

Talking about the weather, using expressions of time, getting the gist of a weather forecast, naming the months and seasons 14

nou nftyaTE yaa naaxa; Where did you go for Easter?

208

Using appropriate language at a social function, expressing wishes or congratulations, expressing opinions and state preferences, describing past events 15

Revision test 3 Key to the exercises Glossary of grammatical terms Grammar summary Index of grammatical terms and thematic vocabulary Greek history timeline Greek language timeline Taking it further English-Greek glossary Greek-English glossary

Vlll

230

237 252 257 270 272 273 276 278 298

Meet the author I have worked as a professional author and language teacher for over 25 years. I have written language books with special focus on Greek as a foreign language, including a bilingual English-Greek, Greek-English pocket dictionary. I have lived about half of my life away from Athens, my birthplace, first in the US for fourteen years, where I had studied Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and Applied Linguistics, and now in Berlin for the last nine years. My accumulated teaching experience of Modern Greek comes from teaching adults and college students in New York City, then Athens, and more recently Berlin. My professional experience also includes among others university teaching in the USA, working as a head of department in a community college in Athens, as a language school director in Ioannina (Greece), and as the translator of three cookery books. When not at my desk, I can usually be found in the kitchen, in a bookshop, or at a language book fair. I love travelling (having visited more than twenty countries), watching TV, and learning languages. Aristarhos Matsukas

Meet the author

lX

Only got a minute? According to Aristides Konstantinides' book Greek

Words in the English Language there are 45,729 Greek words in English!

As you work through this course, you will become increasingly aware of Greek loanwords in English although sometimes, you have to stretch your imagination and bend the odd pronunciation rule to spot them. Here are some first examples of loan words:

problem, music, politics, idea, programme, system. Have a go at the similar or different exercises in the Practice section of each unit. There are at least ten words in these exercises throughout this book that test your ability to make associations between what you already know and what you are learning. These associations can sometimes be difficult to detect: for example the words 1JU8o~

(myth), IJETpo (metre) and nEpio6o~ (period) are

easily detected once you know the Greek alphabet, but

X

the word ~~~Aio (book) does not carry an immediate association, although bibliography does. You might be relieved to know that there are a large number of English loanwords in Greek too, for example complex, stress and camping. Many sports are also identical in both languages, for instance tennis and volleyball. New technology has also introduced many terms in Greek: computer, fax, and email are a few examples. In Greece many signs are in English, including the street sign for 'stop: the sign 'WC' for public toilets, and even 'P'for car parks. Sometimes, there is a Greek word for these words, but the English word is generally used in everyday language.

XI

nly got ten minutes? . \tl.' of the Indo-European languages, with more than 4,000 years of development and history. It is spoken by more than 10 million people in Greece alone and about 4 million people elsewhere. Australia, Canada, the USA, and South Africa still have the largest Greek-speaking populations outside Greece. Apart from the second- or third-generation Greeks abroad, many foreigners, like perhaps yourself, learn Greek in colleges, adult education centres, or private language schools every single year. One of the reasons is perhaps to keep up ties with families, or new relatives, or even business colleagues in Greece. No matter what your reason is for actually wanting to learn Greek, you are about to study a very interesting language, rooted in a deep and rich cultural heritage, and spoken by a very proud nation. After so many centuries, past works in this language are still relevant in many disciplines including philosophy, drama, the arts, and architecture, just to name a few. New doctors still take the Hippocratic Oath before graduation. Theologians and ordinands still read the New Testament in its original language, and mathematicians still try to expand on Pythagoras's theorem after 2,500 years! The rich cultural and linguistic past of the Greeks should not be viewed as an extra burden on your efforts to learn Modern Greek as it is nowadays spoken in Greece. On the contrary, that past should make you aware that learning Greek today can set you apart from other bilinguals or multilinguals who claim knowledge of other major languages. It is not only an advantage to be able to speak Greek; it should also be a privilege and a unique experience! Even in the business world, knowledge of less commonly spoken languages can make a difference when you apply for a new job, so take this as a rewarding experience right from the start and remember you are not the first person to try and learn Greek. Many other language learners have succeeded in the past with this beautiful language and now you will be the next one. Xll

Apart from this course, you can nowadays get so much information through the Internet, from Greek music to online dictionaries or photos from all over Greece or even the new Acropolis Museum in Athens! The Internet can accompany your efforts with this book and can add colour, shapes, and designs as well as enrich the suggestions or topics we are dealing with in this book. Do not also forget what we pointed out to you in the one-minutesummary. You already know more than you probably think! Throughout the units we try to reinforce and single out certain obvious or not so obvious similarities in both languages. People are often surprised to realize that so many words are almost similar and/ or easy to remember. Let us give you some examples here with Greek numbers: 'triathlon' from tria, for 'three'; 'pentagon' from pente, for 'five'; 'octagon' from okto, for 'eight''; or even 'decimal' or 'decathlon' from THeka for 'ten'. What is also very comforting is that many road signs, or signs in airports, railway stations, or harbours are usually bilingual in Greek and English! This book will, however, prepare you also for some signs you might encounter only in Greek. So the combination of bilingual signs in Greece and familiarity with the Greek script as taught in this book should prevent you from becoming afraid of this new alphabet. Remember also that we will use a lot of transliteration to boost your confidence with many initial vocabulary items that can be tackled this way and so relieve you of an extra burden. So kalimera, kalispera and kalinihta will be greetings and valedictions for you to understand and/or use immediately, rather than having to spend five minutes thinking about their spelling! After all this information, are you ready now to move on and make some progress with grammar? For some reason, when some learners hear this word, it turns them off completely. Of course, we would like to think that life would be. much si.mp~er ~f there were no grammar a.t all. Man¥.dl · thmk English IS virtually grammar-free. Enghsh-s ~a eyed with surprise when someone points out th words 'who whose - whom' are the nominative, genitive accusative forms. Unless they have learnt Latin or any other heav-~inflected language, they will never have heard anything like thi~fore! Interestingly enough though, this is true and there area smal·W>· inders and traces

glish. Today, some languages have retained inflected forms, w .. eas some others have reduced them along the way. Both languagCfor example, have irregular verbs (go- wentgone), irregular a ives (bad- worse- worst), or irregular nouns (singular: news i .. plural: two mice but one mouse). You will me irregular forms, but do not forget that both asked to le tJil. also plenty of regular verbs, nouns, or adjectives! Consi, x. W

Two-letter vowels

Two-letter consonants

aL, El, Ol, OU

yy,yK,YX,f!TI,VT,TO,T~

XXlV

Vowel combinations

Two same-letter consonants

au, EU

~~,KK,AA,~~,VV,TITI,pp,OO,TT

The sounds of vowels and consonants in each sub-group above are explained in the following section. Letters and sounds

In general, remember that all letters have one sound, with a few exceptions: fy [ghcima], I af«; [sighma], and Xx [hi]. Otherwise, the vowel or consonant sounds are always pronounced in the same way in Greek, in contrast with English where one letter usually has more than one sound, e.g. a as in mat, mate, mayor, etc.

Vowel sounds -4~

CD 1, TR 1, o:z:47

Aa Et: HlJ h Oo

Yu

nw

[alfa] [epsilon] [ita] [y6ta] [6mikron] [ipsilon] [omegha]

a as in raft e as in met i as in inn i as in sit o as in lot i as in inn o as in lot

Examples of vowel sounds:

Aa Et:

HlJ It Oo

Yu

nw

[a] aEponA.avo [e] EAtK6nnpo [i] iJpwa.Aa twpa ~ m.,v A9flva. Eyili eiiJOI an6 to J\ov61vo. ::tpe~«; AyyAtKa; OXtl t.umuxtiJQ M6vo ltaAtKa Kat tilipa ..• EAA.,vtKO!

1 Antonio j Mary 1 Antonio Mary

nWc; oe Aeve; Avt6vtO. Eoeva; Maip11 1'1 Mapia. Opafal reta oou Malp11. raa oou Avt6vto.

i Mary

i:................................................................................................................................. I o ITaAoc; [o ital6s] noaa [pya] 11 noA11 [i p61 i] To MaAavo [to milano]

aAAa [ala] Tcilpa [t6ra]

Jilvw [meno] ati1V [sti n] 11 A8flva [i athina] qtcil [egh6] AyyAaKa [anglika] oxa [6chi] (tpllc;; [kseris]? 6uatuxwc; [THistih6sJ EAA11v1Ka [elinika] ncilc; ae Atve; [pos se lene]? eotva [esena] 1'1

[i]

wpala [orea] aou [su]

4

Italian (n) (origin) which town (f) Milan (n) but now I live m Athens (f) I (first person) English (language) no you know (here, do you know?) unfortunately I I am sorry but ... Greek (language) What's your name? (infm./sing.) you or good, nice, wonderful to you I you (sing.)

i·~~igt;t·························································································

The section that follows often extends the vocabulary of each unit. It is a good idea for you to transfer information from this section to your notebook as a mind map or a list, or even to flash cards as related words. Some people even use Post-it notes on the refrigerator or even the bathroom mirror! It is important to concentrate on small chunks at a time and for you to feel on top of things and not overwhelmed; it is perfectly all right if you decide to copy only 3-5 words or expressions at a time. 0 0 ••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Language notes Greetings and farewells

You have already met yna aou! [yasu] (informal, for addressing people you know) and y£La aac;! [yasas] (formal, for people you don't know, or for addressing more than one person). They are both expressions used every day by young and old alike. The word yna [ya] comes from uyda [ighia] (health) and the expression actually means health to you! There are three other meanings of this expression: goodbye - when leaving, bless you - when sneezing and cheers! - when drinking.

Although y£La aou, yt:La aac; or simply y£La [yasu-yasas-ya) can be used throughout the day, Greeks use other greetings and farewells too, such as KaAlJJlipa [kalimera] (good morning), KaA6 IU:OlJJlipL [kal6 mesimeri] (have a nice siesta!) KaA6 an:6y£UJ1« [kal6 ap6ghevma] (have a nice afternoon), KaAl)cntipa [kalispera]

Unlt1

Hll

5

(good evening), KaAO (Jpa6u [kal6 vraTHi] (have a nice evening)'i and KaATJVUXt« [kalinfhta] (good night). KW.TJJ.lipa stands for bot~. good morning and good day in English. j In formal greetings you may hear xa(pnt: [herete] (hello) and in1 certain regions the repeated form xa(pt:TE! xa(pt:TE! The answer isl also xa(pnt: although sometimes you might hear both expressionsj xa(pnt:! yt:la aac;! together as an answer. The formal avdo [andfo ]' (goodbye) tends to be used less and less. It is still used however to. mean a 'final goodbye'. :-································································································································~

l Greetings

l: yatal :

l yaa O'OUI j yaa CJad

Farewells

Replies

yaaJ

yatal yaaa aoul yaa O'Q(I

j accwuatpal

yaa O'OUI YIIG CJad acaAq.,Wpal

IICCIAqcnripaJ

ICUOIICCJrlptpd

il

=

=:a.......

KCIArtJiipaf

:

i:

1 !

!

I I

==!

..................................................................................................................................l:

:

*You could also say~ mlfnK (thanks, likewise).

Grammar 1

Asking questions

It is easy to ask a question in Greek; just remember that the pitch of your voice goes up. EiaaaiTaA6c; means you are Italian when the pitch of your voice goes down at the end, and are you Italian? when the pitch of your voice goes up at the end. You will be pleased to know that to ask questions in Greek there are no changes in word order as in English, such as you are - are you? or the addition of extra words, such as 'you love me - do you love me?' The English semicolon(;) is the question mark(?) in written Greek. The Greek semicolon is a mark we do not use in English; it is a raised full-stop! (· ).

6

e:i1..1a1 [fme] to be Notice the statement and the question forms of the verb dJJ.aL (I am).

The verb

..

i··~i~~;[i;;;~i···············/;-;;;····················· ·~~~rr~~i··············;-;;;,;·····················1

i eloat [lse]

you ore (infm)

i elva• [ine] i eiiJaare [lmaste] i eloaare/elare i [fsaste] [lste]

he/she/it Is we are you are (fm)

j elvat [ine]

they ore

eloat; (ise} dvm; [(ne) d!Jaott; [fmaste] doaare/elate; [fsaste} [fste] elvat; [fne]

are you? (infm)

1

Is he/she/it?

are ~~it? are you? (fm)

i i

1

i j : ................................................................................................................................... are they?

You use daaL when talking to one person that you know well, or when he or she is younger than you; this is the 'informal form' (infm.). However, when you use daaan: or dan: to one person, it is probably out of respect (with an older person, higher social status and so on) or when you address more than one person; this is the 'formal' (fm.) or plural form. Other languages also have different forms of formal and informal address for you are: 'tu est' and 'vous etes' in French, or 'du bist' and 'Sie sind' in German.

Saying yes and no In Greek as in most languages you can answer a question fully or give a shorter answer. Notice the following example and the four possible answers: Eicrm InxA.6~; Are you Italian? Nat, ELI.lm haA.o~. Yes, I am Italian. Nat, ELjlaL. Nat.

Yes, I am. Yes.

Or you can even give a silent answer by tilting your head forward a couple of times. Soon you will meet other ways of saying 'yes' such as JlcXAUJTa, aJJ.i and n:wc;! with their corresponding uses. The opposite of vaL (yes) is OXL (no). This is often confusing to the ears of many foreigners because the Greek word for yes (vaL) sounds like the English no. Notice also the head nodding that usually accompanies a Greek yes or no!

Unlt1

Hll

7

2

The verbs live/stay and know

Verbs (i.e. words expressing an action or state such as 'go, be, eat') are conjugated in Greek. This means that you put endings after the stem of the verb. (The stem is the simplest form of a word, i.e. without any ending, such as f,l£V- (live), and ~£p- (know).) The function of an ending is to identify who you are talking about. Notice the different forms of two common verbs: JlEVW (I live) and ~tpw (I know). :·································································································································~

j Jltv-w [meno)

1 Jltv·Etc; [men is]

/live/stay you live

~~p-w [ksero)

~~p-Ete; [kseris)

I know you know

1

j

j Jltv·Et [meni) he/she/it lives ~.1[kseri) he/sheli.'.t knows.·.·.,. ·' i Jllv-ouJ1E [menume] we live «p-Gull£ [kserume) we know

i Jltv-ETE [menete] you live (~p-etE [kserete) you know , 1 Jltv-ouv [menun] they live ~~ [kserun) they know · :.................................................................................................................................a Here are two examples you saw in the dialogues earlier in this unit: AJJJx Twpa jlEVW o a/the very nice little taverna ~E~Ec501tWAELO

And for a masculine noun: c!>O..oc; £vac;/o q>l.Aoc; £var,/o o~opq>oc; q>l.Aoc; £var,/o noA.u o~opq>oc; q>l.Aoc;

friend (m) a/the friend a/the nice (handsome) friend a/the very nice (handsome) friend

And for a feminine noun: c!> LATJ JltU/T] q>LAT) Jlta/T) o~opq>T) q>LAT) JlLU/T) TIOAU o~opq>T) q>LAT)

friend (f) a/the friend a/the nice (beautiful) friend a/the very nice (beautiful) friend

Practice 1

See if you can deal with some more situations you are likely to encounter in Greece.

a You are in a JU:~t:6onwldo. Order a glass of ouzo and a plate of assorted appetizers. b You are tasting ouzo for the first time: give your impression by saying 'excellent' or 'awful'. c You are having a drink with a friend. How would you say 'I like it a lot' or 'I don't like it much'? Unit 3

Let's have • glass of ouzol

43

d You are ordering a glass of ouzo. How would you say 'straight up' or 'on the rocks'? e You are in a coffee shop. How can you ask for the menu? f 'Tea with milk' is what you like. Ask for it. 2

Match each question with the most appropriate answer.

a b c d

TL dvm llE~E6onwA.do; TL aa mxpEn:; E(CJTE ETOL!lOL; 8EAETE TCJ(lL llE AE1.16VL;

I 'Eva ou~o KaL llla ltOLKLALCC.

II 'OXL, llE yaA.a. Iii M (a Ta~tpva llE 1.1E~t6Ec;. lv 'OXL, aK61.1a!

3 Rearrange these lines to make a dialogue.

a Tp(a MEm~a T6TE. b NaL, ~t~aLa. c NaL, ~t~aLa. d 'EXETE MEm~a 7 Ema aCJTtpwv (stars);

e Mou q>tpvETE Tov KaTaA.oyo napaKaA.w; f

NaL, ~t~aLa.

4 Translate the English sentences to complete the following dialogue.

.....................................................

..

1''i~·;;ii~~6;;~~··········· ··:r;·a~·~·6p~~·~~p~~~Xw; 1 You

l Itpjlm)poc; 1 You l Itpjlm)poc; 1 You

1 ItpjlaTopoc; LE Aiyo ...

l l You

a Could you bring us the menu, please? LE Aiyo ... EioTE €To 11.101; b Yes, an iced-coffee and an instant coffee. TinoTa aMo; c Nothing else for the time being. Thanks. AllEOWaivEoat noM OTEvaxwprJ~Evoc;. "Exou~E naEt Kl QAAE.a6r'}; 0>.11 TJ'l MEV~ll B6of,l66a. Ka1 TJ'lV KuplaKr'} Mil £i)(OV 1'}611 (36M1 apv6KI OTO .11, TO MavTpaKt, TO Evu6peio, TO Mouaeio, OPXOIO).oytKOU.iTIK11.11c;. iliOK08~KEc;, VOlT K>.a~rr, ~7TOUclT, ~rrupapiEc;, J.I1Tap, EOTlaT6pta ... navTOU K60~oc;, rraVTOU KOO~OOUppo~. Kmrrwc; rraEI KavEic; eKEI; EuKo>.a. Me TO aeporrMvo ae 45 >.ema KOI ~e TO rr>.oio ~ OE 14 tilpec;. A'J\Aa TO ~IOTIK6 E1Ti7TE60 eiVal arr6 TO 1TIO aKpl~O l a'6>.11 TI1V EMac5a. Elva• aKpt~a va rrac; eKei, va IJEIVEtc; EKEi, ~ va 6taoKE6aoetc; EKEI. A'AM elva1 wpala. l M~rrwc; TUIKO tvac; xp6voc; va ~.,v eivm apKET6c; OTI1V E>.Moa! ~

i~ . ~r.~~~;t;~~;;~~~~~:::~:.='~"" 226

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npoaq»tpw rraAaci noA11 to MavtpciKa tO £VU6pEiO oxwpoc; 11 /\iv6oc; (11A£uw KOGJ.IOROAiTIK0(/-11/-0 onoaaa6{jnoTE ciAA11c; 11 6aaKo81iK11 TO vciaT KAaJ.In 11 J.IROUOT 11 J.lnupapia TO J.IRGp 0 KOOJ.IO( 11 KOOJ.IOOUppo{j £UKOAa TO jliOTIKO Enin£60 6aaaKE6ci(w 116ouAEaci KaAI'J TUXIl! 11 napciTaa11 10

truth (f) I offer old town, old quarters the harbour for yachts, sailing or fishing boats aquarium (n) site (m)lspace, area (m) a village 54 km south of Rhodes City I become jealous/] am jealous cosmopolitan whatever else/other disco/discotheque (f) nightclub (n) nightclub with Greek music (f) pub (f) bar (n) people {lit. cosmos), crowd (m) crowd, sea of people, throng easily standard of living (lit. the biotic level) I entertain (myself or others) work, job, employment good luck! extension (f)

Mark (./) for true and (.X) for false. a H P66oc; j.lnop£l va npoacpEpEL noMa CJTOV mup(CJTa 11 EltlGKEltllJ (visitor). b !J.Ev £lvaL 611w.oyiKouc:; ~ xwpou~ t'lV AKp6nOA'1 01"'1 f\lvoo . . . K1 an6j3pa61vr\ d _ _ ; l EK£1 OEV txEI va ('lAtiJI£1 tinota an6 t'lV j3paOIVI\ d _ _ onOiaoor'Jnot£ ~'lc; e _ _ n6A'lc;. f __ . -. , va1T KAalln,~ j j.lnOUclt, j.lnUpapiE~ j.lnOp, £atiOt6piO ... navtOU g _ _ , ~ navtOU KOOj.IOOUppor'J. '); ~ Kal nwc; naEI KQV£1c; £Kd; h --·ME to aeponMvo oe 45 AEnta KOIIlE to i _ _ o,~ 14 wp£c;. AXAa to j - - EninEOO £iv01 an6 ta mo OKpl~O ~1\i: o'6).'1 t'lv lliaoa. Elva• aKp1l36 va nac; EK£1, va llEiV£1c:; EKEi, J·j va k _ _ EK£1. AXA6 elva• wpala. ~ Mr'Jnwc; ' - - tvac; xp6voc; va ll'lV dvOI apKET6c; Ot'lV : EMMa! nprnEI m - - va ('ltr\OOUj.IE clAAOV tva xp6vo nap!.HhLO); f 'EXW KclV£l KpclTTJO"TJ. g ~£ JlOU aptcr£L TO 5WJlclTLO. ~£V £[vat ~O"UXO KaL 5£V txn eta. 2 a iii, b ii, C i, d iv. 3 d, b, C, e, a, f. 4 a rna era~! M£ A.tv£ joanna Wilke. 'Exw KA£LO"£L tva 5wJlano ym l)uo llEP£~. b Op(crT£! Mrropw va txw tva crruA6 rrapaKaA.w; c ~£ Jl£ JTEipU~£l. ELJlaL TIOAU KOUpaO"JltVT] KaL ea rrpOTLJlOUO"a va KOLJlT]ew aflEGW~. d llou flVaL TO acravcrtp; 5 a v, b ix, C vii, d i, e x, f ii, g iii, h vi, i iv, j viii. 6 Horizontal: 8El:H, EXEI, :::ENO~OXEIO, ME PEL, 8A, !lPOTIMfl, NEPO(Y), l:KEllTONTAI, ANAMONH (waiting). Vertical: APELfl, SEA, 8A, ENTA:::EI, l:OY, nAnA (priest), ~flPA (presents) 0, MONO, EXETE, XEPI (hand), TO, IOl: (virus) 7 /af/ ypaq>w, auT6~, Kaq>£~, lefl £UKOAO, £uxapLO"TW, weda, lev/ aTIOO"KWTJ, Y£UJla, qm)yw. 8 a ~WJlcXTLo, b Mrravw, c KoupT(va, d Kavtva, e Kavw, f NEpa, gMT], h LT£YVWV£L. 9 1-821,2-825, 3-554,4-954,5-557, h-747, 7-421, 8-480, 9-780, 10-325. 10 a./, b./, c./, d./, e)(, fX, g./, h)(. 1

Test yourself i 5wJlanofa [THomatio/a], ii aumKLVTJTOja [aftokinito/a], iii Toup(ma~/£~ [turistas/es], iv ~aA.(maj£~ [valitsales], v KpcXTTJO"TJ/ Kpa~cr£L~ [kr:itisilkratfsis], vi 5L£ueuvO"T] [THiefthinsi], vii apLell6~ larithm6s], viii 5La~aTiJpLo [THiavatirio], ix O"TUA6~ [stil6s], X VTOU~ [duz] 2 i MTJ O"T£vaxwpLtO"T£! [mi stenahorieste!j, ii llpwm(~)/ oEI:>T£po( ~)/ Tp(m( ~) 6poq>o~ [pr6tos/THefteros/tritos 6rofos ], iii 'OXL, 5£ JlOU aptcrn! [6chi THe mu aresi!], iv T'6voJla JlOU dvaL ... lt'6noma mu ine ... ], AtyoJlaL ... [leghome ... ], M£ Atv£ ... [me l'ene ... ], v 'Exw Kav£L KpcXTTJO"TJ [eho kani kratisi], vi 'Eva 5wJ.!ano Yta arr6\jJ£/criJJl£pa (To ~pa5u), [ena THomatio ya ap6pse/simera t() vr:iTHi], vii 'EX£T£ 5wJlana yLa £VOLKtaO"T]; [ehete THomatia Ia enikiasi]? viii KaA.iJ &aj.!OVTJ! [kali THiamoni!], ix 8a TO rrapw ltha to paro], x MLcr6 A£TIT6 rrapaKaA.w! [mis6 lept6 parakal6!] ~ i 'Exn~ 5Wj.lclTLO; [echis THomatio 1?' ii LUJlTIATJPWO"£ £5w! [simblirose l' IH6!], iii Yrr6ypmjJ£ £K£l! [ip6ghrapse eki!], iv KaA.w~ 6pLcr£~! [kal6s l>rises or kalos6rises!j, v MTJ O"T£vaxw~ttcrm! [mi stenahoriese!] 1

Key to the exercises

243

Unit9 a etJ..w;napta; bXpELa~ollaL vaj nptneL vajetJ..wva---. Kavw llEPLIo dvm To Tll~lla avcSpLKwvjyuvaLKELOUOTa. 8a ~9EAa tva jlOVOXPWilO/O(XPWilO/TPLXPWilO/EilnpLitt noUKCcjllOO. PLyt, Kap6 ~ noua. e ea npOTljlOUOa KUTL jllKpOTEpo, KaAUTEpo KaL q>9TJv6upo! 2 TEST 1: KOKKLvo, nopToKaA(, npaoLVo· TEST 2: aonpo, KOKKLVO, po~t; TEST 3: (probably optional!)' KLTpLvo, Kaq>t, jlnAE, KOKKLvo; TEST 4: KOKKLvo, nopTOKaA(, KLTpLVo, npaOLVO, yaAa~LO, jlnAt, jlW~. TEST 5: jlaupo, aonpo 3 a ea ~9EAa tva KLA6 nopTOKaALa KaL cSUo KLAa ll~Aa. b E(vaL v6on11a Ta Kapnou~La; c .1woTE 110u tva llLKp6, 6xL mo noM an6 ntvTE KLAa. d AuTa yLa TTJV wpa. n6oo Kavouv; e OpLOTE!, .1tKa EUpw f EuxapLoTw, fELa oaajlE, b EAATJv(cSa, c (c5Lo, d nap6jloLO, e navT