Grade 9 Science Reviewer

Roxy Lefforge Foundation Colleges Science 9 Review Material for Quizbee Part 1 1. A body system made up of the organs in the body that help us to breathe. 2. A mechanical process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. 3. A process where the body breaks down the oxygen so that the cells in the body can use it to create energy. 4. Uppermost part of the respiratory system where oxygen enters. 5. Divides nasal cavities into right and left sides. 6. This helps moisten the air that we breathe. 7. Small hair that filters small solid particles like dust in the air that we breathe. 8. Throat. Common passageway for air and food. 5" long. 9. This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea. 10.Voice box. Triangular chamber below pharynx. "Adam's Apple". 11.Also called Windpipe. 4.5” long. Walls are alternate bands of membrane and c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep it open. Lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous. 12.This structure allows the passage of air to the lungs. 13.Bronchi that splits into many smaller parts that spread throughout the lungs. 14.Tiny grape-like sacs at the end of the respiratory tree where gas exchange occur. 15.A muscular structure located between the thoracic and abdominal cavity. 16.Larger and shorter (displaced by liver) and has three lobes. 17.Smaller (displaced by heart) and has two lobes. 18.Thin, moist, slippery membrane that covers lungs. Double-walled sac. Space is pleural cavity- filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction. 19.1 inspiration and 1 expiration= 1 respiration. Normal adult= 14-20 respirations per minute. Increases with exercise, body temperature, and certain diseases. Age (newborn= 40-60 per minute). Sleep= respirations go down. Emotion can bring respirations up or down. 20.Deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air to clean lower respiratory tract. 21.Spasm of diaphragm and spasmotic closure of the glottis- irritation to diaphragm or phrenic nerve. 22.Air forced through nose to clear respiratory tract. 23.Deep prolonged breath that fills the lungs, increases oxygen within the blood. 24.Stimulates the diaphragm. 25.Term for difficulty of breathing. 26.Term for abnormally rapid breathing. 27.Term for abnormally slow breathing. 28.Narrows the airways by causing an allergy-induced spasms of surrounding muscles or by clogging the airways with mucus. 29.An inflammatory response that reduces airflow and is caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollutants, or allergens. 30.Life support structure that nourishes your cells with nutrients from the food you eat and oxygen from the air you breathe. 31.Pumps the blood throughout the body. 32.Carries the blood throughout the body. 33.Carries the materials throughout the body. 34.Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs of the body. 35.Carries de/unoxygenated blood to the heart. 36.The smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest veins; the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged. 37.Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart 38.Movement of the blood through the tissues of the heart. 39.Movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs. 40.The only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. 41.The only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood. 42.Blowing or fluttering sound heard on heart auscultation. 43.Reduction of blood supply to an organ. 44.When blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg: 80 indicate? 45.Death of tissue due to a blockage of blood supply, as in a heart attack. 46.A thin layer of serous membrane that helps to lubricate and protect the outside of the heart. 47.The muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac muscle tissue. 48.The simple squamous endothelium layer that lines the inside of the heart. 49.Type of serous membrane that produces serous fluid to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the ever beating heart and its surrounding organs.

50.Act as receiving chambers for blood, so they are connected to the veins that carry blood to the heart. 51. The larger, stronger pumping chambers that send blood out of the heart; connected to the arteries that carry blood away from the heart. 52. Located in the middle of the heart between the atria and ventricles and only allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles. 53.AV valves are attached on the ventricular side to tough strings called _________________. 54.Named for the crescent moon shape of their cusps, are located between the ventricles and the arteries that carry blood away from the heart. 55.Prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle. 56.Prevents the aorta from regurgitating blood back into the left ventricle. 57.The conduction system starts with the pacemaker of the heart—a small bundle of cells known as the _____________________. 58.The signal from the SA node is picked up by another mass of conductive tissue known as the _______________________. 59.Carries the signal to the walls of the ventricles, stimulating the cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated manner to efficiently pump blood out of the heart. 60. Non-invasive device that measures and monitors the electrical activity of the heart through the skin. 61.The liquid component of the blood. 62.Also known as erythrocytes, are flattened, doubly concave cells that carry oxygen associated in the cell's hemoglobin. 63.Also known as leukocytes, are larger than erythrocytes, have a nucleus, and lack hemoglobin. They function in the cellular immune response.They are made from stem cells in bone marrow. There are five types of leukocytes, important components of the immune system. 

Neutrophils enter the tissue fluid by squeezing through capillary walls and engulfing foreign substances.

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Macrophages release white blood cell growth factors, causing a population increase for white blood cells.

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Lymphocytes fight infection.

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T-cells attack cells containing viruses.

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B-cells produce antibodies. Antigen-antibody complexes are phagocytized by a macrophage. White blood cells can squeeze through pores in the capillaries and fight infectious diseases in interstitial areas

64.Result from cell fragmentation and are involved with clotting. These are cell fragments that bud off megakaryocytes in bone marrow. They carry chemicals essential to blood clotting. It can survive for 10 days before being removed by the liver and spleen. There are 150,000 to 300,000 platelets in each milliliter of blood. It stick and adhere to tears in blood vessels; they also release clotting factors. A hemophiliac's blood cannot clot. Providing correct proteins (clotting factors) has been a common method of treating hemophiliacs. It has also led to HIV transmission due to the use of transfusions and use of contaminated blood products. 65.Also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquito-borne tropical disease. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into a life threatening condition, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage that can result in a severe low blood pressure.