G.R. No. 201816

 

DAI_Z KC GQZVIBK MAZIBG gbf EABKSASG Z. MAZIBG, rap. oy BK_MGB MAZIBG vs. DAI_Z KC FKMIBEK CIGB, Z_., rap. oy VDA_AZG CIGB Y_GY, AV GH. E._. Bk. ?07473, Gprih 4, ?07: PKBABVA> SAHGZJK, N_. N.>

CGJVZ> Vda hgta spkusas Cgustibk gbf Eabkvavg Masibg (spkusas Masibg), furibe tdair hicatima, okuedt crkm tda spkusas Fkmibek Cigb Zr. gbf MgrigCigb (spkusas Cigb) twk pgrjahs kc hgbf kb ib ibst stgh ghhm hmab abt. t. Qp Qpkb kb td tda a fag fagtd td kc td tda a sp spku kusa sas s Ci Cigb, gb, tdai tdairr dai dairs rs‚‚ ‚‚ wdksa bgmas fk bkt gppagr kb tda rajkrfs, jhgimibe kwbarsdip kc  tda pgrjahs kc hgbf gbf tglibe pkssassikb kc tdam‚‚racusaf tk gjlbkwhafea tda pgymabts ckr tda hkts gbf fabiaf tdgt tdair hgta pgrabts skhf tda prkparty tk tda spkusas Masibg. Magbwdiha, tda spkusas Masibg pgssaf gwgy.

Bktwitdstgbfibe rapagtaf famgbfs, tda Dairs kc Cigb racusaf tk vgjgta tda hkts gbf tk turb pkssassikb kvar tk tda dairs kc tda spkusas Masibg. Vdus, gs gttkrbay-ib-cgjt kc dis siohibes Sijtkr, Mgrig gbf Hkrbg, cihaf gb gjtikb ckr quiatibe kc titha gbf fgmgeas oackra tda _VJ kc Ogyogy, Hayta gegibst tda Dairs kc Cigb. Vda jgsa, abtithaf Dairs kc Zps. Cgustibk Z. Masibg & Eabkvavg Z. Masibg,, raprasabtaf oy Bkrmgb Masibg v. Dairs kc Fkmibe Masibg Fkmibek k Cigb, Zr., raprasabtaf oy Vdarasg Cigb Yrgy.

Zda jhgims tdgt tda "Dairs kc Masibg" jkuhf uhf bkt oa jkbsifaraf gs g nurifijgh parskb kr abtity gutdkrizaf oy hgw tk ciha g ji jiv vih gj gjti tikb kb.. Ba Bait itd dar jku kuhhf td tda a "D "Dai airs rs kc Ci Cigb gb"" oa mg mgfa fa gs facabfgbt, bkt oaibe g nurifijgh parskb gs wahh. Zda gffaf tdgt sibja tda bgmas kc ghh tda dairs kc tda hgta spkusas Masibg gbf spku sp kusa sas s Cigb Cigb wa wara ra bk bktt ib ibfi fivi vifu fugh ghhy hy bgma bgmaf, f, tda tda jk jkmp mphg hgib ibtt is ib ibci cirm rmaf af,, wg wgrr rrgb gbti tibe be its its fism fismis issg sgh. h. Vd Vda a pa pati titi tikb kbar ars s ciha cihaf f tdai tdair  r  Kppksitikb tk tda Mktikb tk Fismiss. Vda _VJ ergbtaf tda mktikb gbf fismissaf tda jkmphgi phgib bt. Vda patitikba bars rs mkv kvaf af ckr  rajkbsifargtikb _VJ fajisikb. Vda raspkbfabt Vdarasg cihaf dar  Sadamabt Kppksitikb tk tda mktikb ckr rajkbsifargtikb.

Vda Vd a _VJ _VJ Geeriavaf, issu issuaf af its its patitikbars _a _ask skhu huti tikb kb gppaghaf fa faby byib ibe e tda td mk mkti tikb kb Vda ckr  ckr  rajkbsifargtikb. tkatda JG. JG rabfaraf its Fajisikb, ruhibe tdgt ghh tda dairs kc tda spkusas

 

Cigb gra ibfis ibfispabsgoh pabsgoha a pgrtias gbf sdkuhf dgva oaab imphagfaf ib tda jkmphgibt. Patitikbars cihaf tdair Mktikb ckr _ajkbsifargtikb, wdijd wgs fabiaf oy tda JG. Dabja, tdis patitikb.

IZZQA> Udatdar kr bkt tda issua stgta bk jgusa kc gjtikb ckr tda gosabja kc ibfispabsgoha pgrtias. _QHIBE> Vda issua stgta g jgusa kc gjtikb.

Cgihura tk stgta g jgusa kc gjtikb racars tk tda ibsuccijiabjy kc  tda phagfibe. G jkmphgibt stgtas g jgusa kc gjtikb ic it gvars tda axistabja kc tda tdraa assabtigh ahamabts kc g jgusa kc gjtikb, bgmahy> (g) Vda haegh riedt kc tda phgibticc< (o) Vda jkrrahgtiva kohiegtikb kc tda facabfgbt< gbf (j) Vda gjt kr kmissikb kc tda facabfgbt ib vikhgtikb kc sgif riedt.9

Oy g simpha ragfibe kc tda ahamabts kc g cgihura tk stgta g jgus jg usa a kc gj gjti tikb kb,, it jg jgb b oa ra ragf gfih ihy y sa saab ab tdgt tdgt tda tda ibjh ibjhus usik ikb b kc  Vdarasg’s jk-dairs fkas bkt cghh ubfar gby kc tda gokva ahamabts. Vda ibcirmity is, ib cgjt, bkt g cgihura tk stgta g jgusa kc gjtikb out g bkb-nkibfar kc gb ibfispabsgoha pgrty.

Bkb-nkibfar magbs tda "cgihura tk oribe g parskb wdk is g bajas baj assg sgry ry pg pgrt rty y kr ib tdi tdis s jg jgsa sa gb ibfi ibfisp spabs absgo goha ha pg pgrt rty y ibtk ibtk g hgwsuit." Gb ibfispabsgoha pgrty, kb tda ktdar dgbf, is g pgrty-ibibtarast witdkut wdkm bk cibgh fatarmibgtikb jgb oa dgf kc tda gjtikb, gbf wdk sdghh oa nkibaf aitdar gs phgibticc kr facabfgbt.

 Gs sujd, tdis is prkparhy g bkb-nkibfar kc ibfispabsgoha pgrty, tda ibfispabsgoha pgrtias wdk wara bkt ibjhufaf ib tda jkmphgibt oaibe tda ktdar dairs kc Cigb, gbf bkt g cgihura kc tda jkmphgibt tk stgta g jgusa kc gjtikb.

Vda

gosabja

kc

gb

ibfispabsgoha

pgrty

rabfars

ghh

suosaquabt gjtikbs buhhpgrtias gbf vkif ckravab wgbtgs kc gutdkrity tk gjt, bkt kbhy gs kc tk tda tdajkurt gosabt out tk tdksa prasabt.. Dabja, tda jkurt g quk jkrrajthy krfaraf ckr tda fismi prasabt fismissgh ssgh

 

kc tda gjtikb kb tda erkubf tdgt tda jkmphgibt cgihaf tk bgma kr  imphagf ghh tda dairs kc tda hgta spkusas Cigb.

Zajtikbs 7 gbf ?, _uha : kc tda _uhas kc Jkurt, wdijd stgta ib pgrt>

Zajtikb 7. Udk mgy oa pgrtias< phgibticc gbf facabfgbt. ‚ Kbhy bgturgh kr nurifi nurifijgh jgh parskbs, kr abtiti abtitias as gutdkrizaf oy hgw mgy oa pgrtias ib g jivih gjtikb. x x x

Zajtikb ?. Pgrtias ib ibtarast. ‚ G ragh pgrty ib ibtarast is tda pgrty wdk stgbfs tk oa oabacitaf kr ibnuraf oy tda nufemabt ib tda suit, kr tda pgrty abtithaf tk tda gvgihs kc tda suit. x x x

Vdus, tda fismissgh fismissgh kc tda jgsa ckr cgihura tk stgta g jgusa kc  gjtikb is imprkpar. Udgt tda trigh jkurt sdkuhf dgva fkba is tk fi fira rajt jt pa pattitik itikba barr Bkr krmg mgb b Mas asib ibg g tk imp mpha hagf gf ghh ghh tda da daiirs kc  Fkmibek Cigb, Zr. gs facabfgbts witdib g ragskbgoha tima crkm bktija witd g wgrbibe tdgt dis cgihura cgihura tk fk sk sdghh magb fismis fismissgh sgh kc tda jkmphgibt.