GPA 2145

GPA Standard 2145-09

Table of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Other Compounds of Interest to the Natural Gas Industry

Adopted 1942 Revised 1957,1962, 1966, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 Reprinted 1997, 1998

Gas Processors Association 6526 East 60th Street Tulsa, Oklahoma 74145

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FOREWORD The Table of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Interest to the Natural Gas Industry, GPA Publication Standard 2145, provides the gas processing industry with a convenient compilation of authoritative numerical values for the paraffin hydrocarbons and other compounds occurring in natural gas and natural gas liquids as well as for a few other compounds of interest to the industry. The physical properties selected are those considered most valuable for engineering and analytical computations in gas processing plants and laboratories. Most properties are based upon two NIST Standard Reference Databases: the Web Thermo Tables, WTT, (NIST SRSD-3) and the Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database, REFPROP, (NIST SRD-23). The data in this publication were checked, evaluated, and recalculated when necessary by Robert Chirico and Eric Lemmon of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory at NIST in Boulder, Colorado. The listed flammability limits and octane numbers were not evaluated at NIST and sources for these properties are provided in the references. Some of the listed values result from other values in the tables by simple calculation. Numbers obtained from such related data may differ from the tabulated values in the last digit because of numerical round off, but the differences are within the standard uncertainty of the data. The value of the gas constant used in the tables is 8.314472 J/(K·mol). Numerous values were updated from the previous edition of GPA-2145 to provide full thermodynamic consistency between properties. This was accomplished through consistent use of properties derived with the equations of state underlying the NIST REFPROP database. Properties derived with these equations of state are inherently consistent. This publication represents the first time for which thermodynamic consistency is assured for all properties listed in GPA2145. Required enthalpies of combustion at 298.15 K were taken from the NIST Web Thermo Tables (WTT). These enthalpies of combustion are reprinted in the notes of this document. All adjustments of these values to the selected temperatures of GPA-2145 were completed using consistent thermophysical property values from the NIST REFPROP program. The values of the physical properties for the components in GPA 2145, as well as those for many more compounds, appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. Property values for compounds listed here in GPA 2145-09 supersede those listed in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. For components not listed in GPA 2145, the property values in GPA TP-17 may be used. DISCLAIMER GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the information contained in its publications. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. It is not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees or others exposed, concerning health and safety risks or precautions. GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2009 Component

Methane

Ethane

Propane

i-Butane

n-Butane

i-Pentane

n-Pentane

Molar Mass Boiling Temperature *

16.0425

30.0690

44.0956

58.1222

58.1222

72.1488

72.1488

at 14.696 psia, °F

-258.66

-127.44

-43.80

10.85

31.12

82.09

96.91

-296.42

-297.01

-305.72

-254.96

-216.85

-256.90

-201.42

5000

800

188.62

72.644

51.567

20.474

15.576

0.3 340 2.5

0.35628 265.66 2.9704

0.50719 147.49 4.2285

0.56283 119.91 4.6925

0.58420 110.71 4.8706

0.62514 94.848 5.2120

0.63071 92.850 5.2584

0.5539 42.27

1.0382 79.24

1.5225 116.20

2.0068 153.16

2.0068 153.16

2.4911 190.12

2.4911 190.12

0.0116

0.0238

0.0347

0.0441

0.0470

0.0576

0.0606

6.417 59.138 442.38

10.123 37.488 280.43

10.428 36.391 272.22

12.386 30.637 229.18

11.933 31.801 237.89

13.843 27.414 205.07

13.721 27.658 206.89

-116.66 667.1

89.91 706.7

206.13 616.6

274.39 526.3

305.56 550.6

368.96 489.9

385.79 488.8

23892 1010.0 59729

22185 65897 22334 1769.7 66340

21491 90875 21654 2516.1 91563

21081 98924 21232 3251.9 99630

21137 102950 21300 3262.3 103740

20891 108880 21044 4000.9 109680

20923 110020 21085 4008.7 110870

909.4

1619

2315

3000

3011

3699

3707

9.548

16.710

23.871

31.032

31.032

38.193

38.193

219.6

210.4

183.0

157.0

165.8

147.6

153.7

0.5266 0.4028 1.3073

0.4079 0.3418 1.1932 0.9664

0.3873 0.3423 1.1316 0.6183

0.3866 0.3525 1.0969 0.5641

0.3949 0.3608 1.0947 0.5692

0.3828 0.3553 1.0775 0.5311

0.3879 0.3603 1.0764 0.5427

5.0 15.0

2.9 13.0

2.0 9.5

1.8 8.5

1.5 9.0

1.3 8.0

1.4 8.3

0.05 1.6

97.1 1.8

97.6 0.1

89.6 93.8

90.3 92.3

62.6 61.7

Triple Point Temperature °F

Vapor Pressure * at 100 °F, psia

Density of Liquid * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F API Gravity Absolute density, lbm/gal

Density of Ideal Gas at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 Density lbm/(1000 ft3)

Summation Factor at 60 °F, psia-1

Volume * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

Critical Conditions Temperature, °F Pressure, psia

Gross Heating Value * at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid Btu/gal, fuel as liquid Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas

Net Heating Value at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization * at 14.696 psia, °F Btu/lbm at the boiling point

Specific Heat * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.

Flammability Limits at 100 °F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the notes on pages 6 through 8 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145. --```,`,``,`,,`,,,``,,`,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2009 Component Molar Mass Boiling Temperature * at 14.696 psia, °F

n-Hexane

n-Heptane

n-Octane

n-Nonane

n-Decane

Ethylene

Propylene

86.1754

100.2019

114.2285

128.2551

142.2817

28.0532

42.0797

155.68

209.08

258.12

303.37

345.42

-154.79

-53.72

-139.58

-131.08

-70.20

-64.21

-21.37

-272.49

-301.35

4.961

1.619

0.5349

0.1809

0.06148

227.3

0.66406 81.582 5.5364

0.68823 74.101 5.7379

0.70655 68.768 5.8907

0.72224 64.418 6.0215

0.73458 61.127 6.1244

0.52260 139.260 4.3571

2.9754 227.09

3.4597 264.05

3.9440 301.01

4.4283 337.97

4.9126 374.93

0.9686 73.92

1.4529 110.89

0.0776

0.0951

0.1128

0.1307

0.1556

0.0207

0.0327

15.565 24.380 182.38

17.463 21.730 162.56

19.391 19.570 146.39

21.300 17.816 133.28

23.232 16.334 122.19

453.8 436.9

512.56 396.8

564.22 360.7

610.52 330.8

652.19 305.0

20783 115060 20943 4755.9 115950

20680 118660 20839 5502.6 119570

20601 121350 20760 6249.0 122290

20543 123700 20701 6996.3 124650

20494 125510 20651 7742.9 126480

4404

5100

5796

6493

7190

1499

2182

45.355

52.516

59.677

66.839

74.000

14.323

21.484

144.0

136.2

129.9

124.1

118.8

207.4

188.7

0.3857 0.3626 1.0635 0.5285

0.3841 0.3643 1.0544 0.5268

0.3829 0.3655 1.0476 0.5240

0.3820 0.3665 1.0423 0.5192

0.3813 0.3673 1.0380 0.5155

0.3573 0.2865 1.2471

0.3567 0.3095 1.1525 0.6020

1.1 7.7

1.0 7.0

0.8 6.5

0.7 5.6

0.7 5.4

2.9 32.0

2.1 11.1

Triple Point Temperature °F

Vapor Pressure * at 100 °F, psia

Density of Liquid * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F API Gravity Absolute density, lbm/gal

Density of Ideal Gas at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 Density lbm/(1000 ft3)

Summation Factor at 60 °F, psia-1

Volume * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

9.6578 39.293 293.93

Critical Conditions Temperature, °F Pressure, psia

48.56 731.3

195.91 660.6

Gross Heating Value * at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid Btu/gal, fuel as liquid Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas

21640 1599.7

20875 90954 21040 2333.0 91672

Net Heating Value at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization * at 14.696 psia, °F Btu/lbm at the boiling point

Specific Heat * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.

Flammability Limits at 100 °F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

26 24.8

All values in this table are on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90).

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2009 Component Molar Mass Boiling Temperature * at 14.696 psia, °F

Carbon Dioxide 44.0095

Hydrogen Sulfide 34.0809

-109.24 -69.81

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Helium

Air

Water

28.0134

31.9988

4.0026

28.9625

18.0153

-76.54

-320.43

-297.33

-452.06

-317.64

211.95

-121.81

-346.00

-361.82

-455.75

-352.12

32.018

Triple Point Temperature °F

Vapor Pressure * 395.0

at 100 °F, psia

0.95050

Density of Liquid * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F API Gravity Absolute density, lbm/gal

0.81716 41.660 6.8129

0.79886 45.628 6.6602

0.80687 43.868 6.7271

1.1423 -7.630 9.5238

0.12486 1002 1.041

0.87586 30.055 7.3022

1.00000 10.000 8.3372

1.5195 115.97

1.1767 89.81

0.9672 73.820

1.1048 84.322

0.1382 10.547

1.0000 76.321

0.62202 47.473

0.0195

0.0239

0.00442

0.0072

0.00537

0.06510

6.4598 58.746 439.45

5.1171 74.16 554.76

4.1643 91.128 681.69

3.3599 112.95 844.89

3.8451 98.693 738.27

3.9663 95.678 715.72

2.1608 175.62 1313.7

87.76 1070.0

211.91 1305.3

-232.53 492.5

-181.43 731.4

-450.32 33.0

-221.12 549.1

705.11 3200.1

Density of Ideal Gas at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 Density lbm/(1000 ft3)

Summation Factor at 60 °F, psia-1 at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

Critical Conditions Temperature, °F Pressure, psia

Gross Heating Value * at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid Btu/gal, fuel as liquid Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas

6892.4 45905 7094.0 637.10 47248

1059.8 50.310 8835.4

Net Heating Value at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas

586.79

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization * at 14.696 psia, °F Btu/lbm at the boiling point

7.1613

246.5

234.9

85.63

91.60

8.922

88.07

970.12

0.1992 0.1541 1.2929 0.6857

0.2383 0.1800 1.3236 0.5088

0.2483 0.1774 1.3996

0.2189 0.1569 1.3956

1.2404 0.7442 1.6667

0.2399 0.1714 1.4002

0.44478 0.33455 1.3295 1.0003

Specific Heat * at 60 °F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.

Flammability Limits at 100 °F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

4.3 45.5

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the notes on pages 6 through 8 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145.

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Volume *

TABLE FOR NOTES AND REFERENCES GPA STANDARD Component

C1

C2

2

b

b

2 2 2

b b b

All

Molar Mass Boiling Temperature

1

at 14.696 psia, °F

2

C3

i-C4

n-C4

i-C5

n-C5

n-C6

n-C7

d

d

d

d

b b

d d

d d

d d

d d

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

3 3

2 2

3

d d 3

d d 3

d d 3

d d 3

3

3

3

3

l l, m

l, m

l, m

m m

Triple Point Temperature 2

°F

Vapor Pressure at 100 °F, psia

Density of Liquid at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F API Gravity Absolute density, lbm/gal

Density of Ideal Gas at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 Density lbm/(1000 ft3)

f

Summation Factor at 60 °F, psia-1

2

Volume at 60 °F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

g g g

Critical Conditions Temperature, °F Pressure, psia

Gross Heating Value

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at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid Btu/gal, fuel as liquid Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas

i g

Net Heating Value at 60 °F, ideal reaction Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas

Volume to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization at 14.696 psia, °F Btu/lbm at the boiling point

k

2

Specific Heat at 60 °F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.

2

2

c

Flammability Limits at 100 °F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

4 4

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

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m m

2145-09 (FPS) n-C8

n-C9

n-C10

C 2=

C3 =

CO2

H2S

N2

O2

He

Air

H2O

a

c c c

c

d

3 3

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

3

3

3

c c 3

d d 3

c

c

c

c

d

d

d,e

d,e

d,e

d,e

d d

d d

e h h

e h h

e h h

e h h

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

d d 3

j j j

n

c

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c

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c

c

c

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c

Molar Mass of Dry Atmospheric Air (g) Mole Fraction (x i) Molar Mass (M ) Component nitrogen 0.78102 28.0134 0.20946 31.9988 oxygen argon 0.00916 39.948 carbon dioxide 0.00033 44.0095 neon 0.0000182 20.1797 0.0000052 4.0026 helium methane 0.0000015 16.0425 0.0000011 83.798 krypton 0.0000005 2.01588 hydrogen nitrous oxide 0.0000003 44.0128 carbon monoxide 0.0000002 28.0101 0.0000001 131.293 xenon AIR

b c d e

x i·M 21.87903 6.70247 0.365924 0.014523 0.000367 0.000021 0.000024 0.000092 0.000001 0.000013 0.000006 0.000013 28.9625

Shaded values were estimated by GPA for the hypothetical liquid state and were not re-evaluated The referenced temperature is above the critical temperature. The property is that of the liquid component at saturation pressure rather than at 14.696 psia. Densities of liquid at the normal boiling temperature

f Gas constant R = 8.314472 J mol-1 K-1. [10.7316 psia ft3/(lbmol oR)] and 1 Btu = 1055.056 J g Algebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid h Gas at 60 °F and liquid at the normal boiling point i The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 60 °F and 14.696 psia based upon the ideal reaction, see GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases. Conversion of enthalpies of combustion at T = 298.15 K given in reference 3 were converted to the conditions specified here with the property values from reference 2. Heating values for H2S are based on SO2(g) and H2O as products. j Enthalpy of vaporization to the ideal-gas state k Values are based on an oxygen mole fraction of 0.20946 for air. l The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon to achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. m Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample n Enthalpy of sublimation o For components not listed in GPA-2145, the property values listed in TP-17 may be used.

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NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) a ''The Molar Mass of Air is fixed by GPA to be 28.9625 in order to harmonize with ISO 6976-95 'Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition' and AGA 5-07 'Fuel Gas Energy Metering'. Individual components in Air may change over time based on empirical data but the Molar Mass of Air, calculated from the table shown below, will remain constant within this document for the purposes of, but not limited to, the calculation of Gas Relative Density. The information in the table below should not be used for individual component calculations. For information on individual components refer to the appropriate Component Data Table.'' AGA 5-07 TABLE 7.17.1 follows.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2009 Component Molar Mass Boiling Temperature * at 101.325 kPa(abs), K

Methane

Ethane

Propane

i-Butane

n-Butane

i-Pentane

n-Pentane

16.0425

30.0690

44.0956

58.1222

58.1222

72.1488

72.1488

111.67

184.57

231.04

261.40

272.66

300.98

309.21

90.69

90.37

85.53

113.73

134.90

112.65

143.47

35000

5500

1369.4

531.21

378.49

151.51

115.67

0.3 300

0.35817 357.85

0.50796 507.50

0.56346 562.95

0.58478 584.25

0.62564 625.08

0.63119 630.62

0.5539 0.67848

1.0382 1.2717

1.5225 1.8649

2.0068 2.4581

2.0068 2.4581

2.4911 3.0514

2.4911 3.0514

0.00442

0.00910

0.0132

0.0168

0.0179

0.0220

0.0232

53.475 442.17

84.027 281.40

86.888 272.13

103.25 229.02

99.482 237.68

115.42 204.85

114.41 206.67

190.56 4599

305.32 4872.2

369.89 4251.2

407.81 3629

425.13 3796

460.35 3378

469.70 3370

55.575 37.706

51.604 18467 51.951 66.066

49.990 25370 50.369 93.934

49.038 27606 49.388 121.40

49.166 28725 49.546 121.79

48.593 30375 48.950 149.36

48.668 30691 49.045 149.65

33.95

60.43

86.42

112.0

112.4

138.1

138.4

9.548

16.710

23.871

31.032

31.032

38.193

38.193

510.8

489.4

425.6

365.1

385.7

343.3

357.6

2.2036 1.6853 1.3075

1.7054 1.4289 1.1935 4.0050

1.6191 1.4305 1.1318 2.5840

1.6162 1.4731 1.0971 2.3586

1.6511 1.5080 1.0949 2.3805

1.6003 1.4851 1.0776 2.2208

1.6216 1.5064 1.0765 2.2698

5.0 15.0

2.9 13.0

2.0 9.5

1.8 8.5

1.5 9.0

1.3 8.0

1.4 8.3

0.05 1.6

97.1 1.8

97.6 0.1

89.6 93.8

90.3 92.3

62.6 61.7

Triple Point Temperature K

Vapor Pressure * at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)

Density of Liquid * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C Absolute density, kg m-3

Density of Ideal Gas at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 Density kg m-3

Summation Factor at 288.15 K, kPa -1

Volume * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

Critical Conditions Temperature, K Pressure, kPa(abs)

Gross Heating Value * at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid MJ m-3, fuel as liquid MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

Net Heating Value at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization * at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point

Specific Heat * --```,`,``,`,,`,,,``,,`,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.

Flammability Limits at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the notes on pages 12 through 14 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2009 Component Molar Mass Boiling Temperature * at 101.325 kPa(abs), K

n-Hexane

n-Heptane

n-Octane

n-Nonane

n-Decane

Ethylene

Propylene

86.1754

100.2019

114.2285

128.2551

142.2817

28.0532

42.0797

341.86

371.53

398.77

423.91

447.27

169.38

225.53

177.83

182.55

216.37

219.70

243.50

103.99

87.95

37.292

12.326

4.1263

1.414

0.4867

1648.5

0.66452 663.92

0.68864 688.02

0.70693 706.30

0.72262 721.97

0.73496 734.30

0.52346 522.99

2.9754 3.6446

3.4597 4.2378

3.9440 4.8310

4.4283 5.4242

4.9126 6.0174

0.9686 1.1864

1.4529 1.7797

0.0296

0.0364

0.0431

0.0500

0.0595

0.0079

0.0125

129.80 182.17

145.64 162.35

161.73 146.20

177.65 133.10

193.77 122.03

507.50 3012

540.13 2736

568.83 2487

594.6 2281

617.7 2103

48.342 32095 48.715 177.55

48.103 33096 48.474 205.42

47.919 33845 48.290 233.29

47.784 34498 48.152 261.19

164.39

190.39

216.38

45.355

52.516

334.9

Triple Point Temperature K

Vapor Pressure * at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)

Density of Liquid * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C Absolute density, kg m-3

Density of Ideal Gas at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 Density kg m-3

Summation Factor at 288.15 K, kPa -1

Volume * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

80.46 293.9

Critical Conditions Temperature, K Pressure, kPa(abs)

282.35 5042

364.21 4555

47.671 35004 48.037 289.06

50.337 59.721

48.557 25395 48.941 87.097

242.40

268.39

55.96

81.46

59.677

66.839

74.000

14.323

21.484

316.9

302.2

288.6

276.4

482.4

439.0

1.6125 1.5160 1.0636 2.2104

1.6057 1.5227 1.0545 2.2038

1.6008 1.5280 1.0476 2.1918

1.5967 1.5319 1.0423 2.1719

1.5938 1.5354 1.0381 2.1562

1.4941 1.1977 1.2475

1.4916 1.2940 1.1527 2.5161

1.1 7.7

1.0 7.0

0.8 6.5

0.7 5.6

0.7 5.4

2.9 32.0

2.1 11.1

Gross Heating Value * at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid MJ m-3, fuel as liquid MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

Net Heating Value --```,`,``,`,,`,,,``,,`,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization * at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point

Specific Heat * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.

Flammability Limits at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

26 24.8

All values in this table are on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90).

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2009 Component Molar Mass Boiling Temperature * at 101.325 kPa(abs), K

Carbon Dioxide 44.0095

Hydrogen Sulfide 34.0809

194.69 216.59

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Helium

Air

Water

28.0134

31.9988

4.0026

28.9625

18.0153

212.85

77.355

90.188

4.230

78.90

373.12

187.70

63.151

54.361

2.177

59.75

273.16

Triple Point Temperature K

Vapor Pressure * 7.3849

2863

at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)

Density of Liquid * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C Absolute density, kg m-3

0.82195 821.2

0.8001 799.4

0.80680 806.1

1.1422 1141.2

0.1248 124.7

0.87579 875.0

1.0000 999.102

1.5195 1.8613

1.1767 1.4414

0.9672 1.1848

1.1048 1.3533

0.1382 0.1693

1.0000 1.2249

0.62202 0.76191

0.00745

0.00913

0.00170

0.00275

0.00206

0.02495

53.59 441.2

42.63 554.6

34.753 680.4

28.040 843.3

32.089 736.9

33.10 714.3

18.031 1311.3

304.1 7377

373.1 9000

126.19 3396

154.58 5043

5.195 227.46

132.53 3786.0

647.10 22064

Density of Ideal Gas at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 Density kg m-3

Volume * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

Critical Conditions Temperature, K Pressure, kPa(abs)

Gross Heating Value * at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid MJ m-3, fuel as liquid MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

16.031 12815 16.501 23.784

2.4662 1.8790

Net Heating Value at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

21.905

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization * at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point

7.161

573.3

546.4

199.2

213.1

20.75

204.9

2256.5

0.8334 0.6445 1.2931 2.8376

0.9976 0.7536 1.3237 2.1277

1.0395 0.7427 1.3996

0.9166 0.6568 1.3956

5.1931 3.1158 1.6667

1.0045 0.7174 1.4002

1.8620 1.4005 1.3295 4.1888

Specific Heat * at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.

Flammability Limits at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

4.3 45.5

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the notes on pages 12 through 14 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145.

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Summation Factor at 288.15 K, kPa -1

TABLE FOR NOTES AND REFERENCES GPA STANDARD Component

C1

C2

2

b

b

2 2

b b

All

Molar Mass Boiling Temperature

1

at 101.325 kPa(abs), K

2

C3

i-C4

n-C4

i-C5

n-C5

n-C6

n-C7

d

d

d

d

b b

d d

d d

d d

d d

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

3 3

2 2

3

d d 3

d d 3

d d 3

d d 3

3

3

3

3

l l, m

l, m

l, m

m m

Triple Point Temperature 2

K

Vapor Pressure at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)

Density of Liquid at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C Absolute density, kg m-3

Density of Ideal Gas at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 Density kg m-3

f

Summation Factor at 288.15 K, kPa -1

2

Volume at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid

g g

Critical Conditions --```,`,``,`,,`,,,``,,`,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Temperature, K Pressure, kPa(abs)

Gross Heating Value at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid MJ m-3, fuel as liquid MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

i g

Net Heating Value at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point

k

2

Specific Heat at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.

2

2

c

Flammability Limits at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

4 4

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

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5 5

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m m

2145-09 (SI) n-C8

n-C9

n-C10

C 2=

C3 =

CO2

H2S

N2

O2

He

Air

H2O

a

c c

c

d

c c 3 3

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

3

3

3

c c 3

d d 3

c

c

c

c

d

d

d, e

d, e

d, e

d, e

d d

d d

h h

h h

h h

h h

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

d d 3

j j

n

c

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2 2

c

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c

c

c

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

c

Molar Mass of Dry Atmospheric Air (g) Component Mole Fraction (x i) nitrogen 0.78102 0.20946 oxygen argon 0.00916 carbon dioxide 0.00033 neon 0.0000182 0.0000052 helium methane 0.0000015 0.0000011 krypton 0.0000005 hydrogen nitrous oxide 0.0000003 carbon monoxide 0.0000002 0.0000001 xenon AIR

Molar Mass (M ) 28.0134 31.9988 39.948 44.0095 20.1797 4.0026 16.0425 83.798 2.01588 44.0128 28.0101 131.293

x i·M 21.87903 6.70247 0.365924 0.014523 0.000367 0.000021 0.000024 0.000092 0.000001 0.000013 0.000006 0.000013 28.9625

b Shaded values were estimated by GPA for the hypothetical liquid state, and were not reevaluated in this revision of GPA-2145. c The referenced temperature is above the critical temperature. d The property is that of the liquid component at saturation pressure rather than at 101.325 e kDensities of liquid at the normal boiling temperature f Gas constant R = 8.314472 J mol-1 K-1 g Algebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid h Gas at T = 288.15 K and liquid at the normal boiling point i The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at T = 288.15 K and p = 101.325 kPa based upon the ideal reaction. See GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases. Conversion of enthalpies of combustion at T = 298.15 K from reference 3 were converted to the conditions specified here with the property values from reference 2. Heating values for H2S are based on SO2(g) and H2O as products. j Enthalpy of vaporization to the ideal-gas state k Values are based on an oxygen mole fraction of 0.20946 for air. l The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon to achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. m Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample n Enthalpy of sublimation o For components not listed in GPA-2145, the property values listed in TP-17 may be used.

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NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-08 (SI) a The Molar Mass of Air is fixed by GPA to be 28.9625 in order to harmonize with ISO 697695, 'Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition' and AGA 5-07, 'Fuel Gas Energy Metering'. Individual components in Air may change over time based on empirical data but the Molar Mass of Air, calculated from the table shown below, will remain constant within this document for the purposes of, but not limited to, the calculation of Gas Relative Density. The information in the table below should not be used for individual component calculations. For information on individual components refer to the appropriate Component Data Table. AGA 5-07 TABLE 7.17.1 follows.

References 1

M.E. Wieser, Pure Appl. Chem., 78, 2051-2066, 2006. All molar masses are listed with 4 decimal places without consideration of their uncertainties past the third decimal point.

2

E.W. Lemmon, M.L. Huber, and M.O. McLinden, Reference Fluid and Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (REFPROP), NIST Standard Reference Database 23 (Version 8, 2007). NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD. This database includes the "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , 31(2), 387-535, 2002.

3

A.F. Kazakov, C.D. Muzny, R.D. Chirico, V. Diky, R.A. Stevenson, and M. Frenkel, NIST/TRC Web Thermo Tables (WTT) - Professional Edition, NIST Standard Reference Subscription Database 3 (Version 1, 2007). NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD. The critically evaluated enthalpies of combustion from WTT are all for T = 298.15 K with liquid water as a product, in accord with how the values are determined experimentally. Enthalpies of combustion for the hydrocarbon gases are based upon the following general reaction:

--```,`,``,`,,`,,,``,,`,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Hydrocarbon(gas) + oxygen(gas) = carbon dioxide(gas) + water(liquid) Values (in J/g of hydrocarbon) used to derive the quantities listed in GPA-2145 are: methane (-55517), ethane (-51903), propane (-50325), i-butane (-49347), n-butane (-49505), ethylene (-50303), and propylene (-48907). Enthalpies of combustion for the hydrocarbon liquids are based upon the following general reaction: Hydrocarbon(liquid) + oxygen(gas) = carbon dioxide(gas) + water(liquid) Values (in J/g of hydrocarbon) used to derive the quantities listed in GPA-2145 are: i-pentane (-48560), n-pentane (-48635), n-hexane (-48310), n-heptane (-48071), n-octane (-47888), n-nonane (-47753), and n-decane (-47640). The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen sulfide is based upon the following reaction: Hydrogen sulfide(gas) + 1.5 oxygen(gas) = sulfur dioxide(gas) + water(liquid) The value (in J/g of hydrogen sulfide) is -16490.5. 4

Engineering Sciences Data Unit, "Fire Hazard Properties: Flash Points, Flammability Limits and Autoignition Temperatures," ESDU 82030, September 1983.

5

E.F. Obert, "Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution," Harper & Row: NewYork, 1973.

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