GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator

Thomas Gantioler October 2010

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

Author Thomas Gantioler Mooshoefe 8b 6074 Rinn Austria mobile: +43-676-9463908 [email protected] www.gantioler.at Maritime radio instructor and examiner.

fig. 1: Gantioler

I can not accept any responsibility for any errors or omissions or for any consequences resulting therefrom for following contents. All rights reserved. photo: Michael Schallhart 1

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

Contents I Short Range Certificate SRC

11

1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS 1.1 Regulations and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Radio Regulations RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Shorebased system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Sea areas A1-A4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Master Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.3 Search And Rescue SAR . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Shipborne system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Radio equipment for small crafts . . . . . . . 1.3.2 Ship radio licence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Radio operator certificate . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.4 Radio secrecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.5 Accounting Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.6 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 18 18 18

2 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio 2.1 VHF Radio Telephone RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Receiver RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Transmitter TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 VHF handheld device . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Maritime Mobile Service Identification MMSI 2.2.2 Type of calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 VHF DSC controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Very High Frequency VHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 VHF wave propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 VHF antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Simplex ship to ship and ship to shore . . . .

19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.4

2.5

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2.8

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2.3.4 Duplex ship to shore . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.5 VHF Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.6 VHF international channels 01-28 . . . . . . 2.3.7 VHF international channels 60-88 . . . . . . 2.3.8 VHF international channel usage . . . . . . . 2.3.9 VHF national private channel usage . . . . . RT communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Phonetic Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP 2.4.3 Maritime radio stations . . . . . . . . . . . . VHF priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1 VHF DSC distress alert on ch70 . . . . . . . 2.5.2 VHF RT distress call and message on ch16 . 2.5.3 VHF DSC distress cancellation on ch70 . . . 2.5.4 VHF RT distress cancellation on ch16 . . . . VHF priority distress relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.1 VHF DSC distress relay alert on ch70 . . . . 2.6.2 VHF RT distress relay call and message on ch16 2.6.3 VHF RT distress relay acknowledge on ch16 . 2.6.4 Radio silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.5 Normal working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VHF priority urgency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.1 VHF DSC urgency alert on ch70 . . . . . . . 2.7.2 VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16 . VHF priority safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8.1 VHF DSC safety alert on ch70 . . . . . . . . 2.8.2 VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16 . VHF priority routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9.1 VHF DSC routine call on ch70 . . . . . . . . 2.9.2 VHF RT routine call on ch16 . . . . . . . . . 2.9.3 VHF RT routine call on working channel . . . 2.9.4 VHF RT routine message on working channel

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21 21 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 28 28 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 39

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 3 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB 40 3.1 Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov Search And Rescue Satellite COSPAS/SARSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.2 EPIRB priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.2.1 VHF DSC EPIRB distress alert on ch70 . . . 41 3.2.2 COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz 41 3.2.3 COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress cancellation 41 3.2.4 EPIRB distress homing signal on 121.5MHz . 41 4 Search And Rescue Transponder SART 4.1 Radio Aided Detecting And Ranging RADAR SART . 4.2 Automatic Identification System AIS SART . . . . .

42 42 42

5 Naval Text NAVTEX 5.1 Navigation Area NAVAREA . . . 5.2 Maritime Safety Information MSI 5.3 NAVTEX MSI service . . . . . . 5.3.1 NAVTEX coast stations . 5.3.2 NAVTEX message . . . .

43 43 44 44 45 46

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

II Restricted Operator Certificate ROC 6 GMDSS 6.1 Shipborne system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1 Radio equipment for SOLAS vessels . 6.1.2 Radio equipment tests . . . . . . . . . 6.1.3 Radio watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.4 Radio log book . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.5 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.6 Radio Operator Certificate . . . . . . 6.1.7 Standards for Training, Certification and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW

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48 48 48 49 49 50 50 51

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7 Power supply 7.1 Direct Current 12VDC /24VDC . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 European Alternating Current 230VAC . . . . . . . .

53 53 53

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

III Long Range Certificate LRC

54

8 GMDSS 8.1 Shipborne system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.1 Radio operator certificate . . . . . . . . . . .

55 55 55

9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 9.1 MF/HF Radio Telephone RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.1 Receiver RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2 Transmitter TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Medium Frequency MF / High Frequency HF . . . . 9.2.1 Radio bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2 MF/HF Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.3 MF/HF Tuner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.4 MF/HF classes of emission . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.5 MF/HF propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC . . . . . . . . 9.3.1 Type of calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.2 MF/HF DSC controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 MF/HF priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4.1 MF/HF DSC distress alert . . . . . . . . . . 9.4.2 MF/HF RT distress call and message . . . . 9.4.3 MF/HF DSC distress cancellation . . . . . . 9.4.4 MF/HF RT distress cancellation . . . . . . . 9.5 MF/HF priority distress relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.1 MF/HF DSC distress relay alert . . . . . . . 9.5.2 MF/HF RT distress relay call and message . . 9.6 MF priority urgency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.1 MF DSC urgency alert on 2187.5kHz . . . . . 9.6.2 MF RT urgency call and message on 2182kHz 9.7 MF priority safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7.1 MF DSC safety alert on 2187.5kHz . . . . . . 9.7.2 MF RT safety call and message on 2182kHz . 9.8 MF/HF priority routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 58 59 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 63 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 66

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 9.8.1

MF/HF DSC routine calling . . . . . . . . .

10 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station MES 10.1 International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT . . . . 10.1.1 INMARSAT system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2 INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES . . . . 10.1.3 INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES . . 10.2 SAT-C Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 SAT-C priority distress P3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.1 SAT-C telex distress alert . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.2 SAT-C telex distress message . . . . . . . . 10.3.3 SAT-C telex distress cancellation message . 10.3.4 SAT-C telex distress relay message to RCC 10.4 SAT-C priority routine P0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.1 SAT-C telex urgency message . . . . . . . . 10.4.2 SAT-C telex safety message . . . . . . . . . 10.4.3 SAT-C telex routine message . . . . . . . . 10.5 SAT-C shore-to-ship routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 SAT-C shore-to-ship Enhanced Group Call EGC . . 10.6.1 SafetyNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6.2 FleetNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6.3 EGC receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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66 67 67 67 68 69 70 71 71 71 72 72 73 73 73 74 75 76 76 76 77

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

IV General Operator Certificate GOC

78

11 GMDSS 11.1 Shipborne system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.1 Radio Operator Certificate . . . . . . . . . .

79 79 79

12 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 12.1 MF/HF telex Terminal . . . . . 12.1.1 telex identification selcal 12.1.2 telex abbreviations . . . . 12.2 MF/HF telex communication . . 12.2.1 MF/HF DSC alert / call 12.2.2 MF/HF telex message . .

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80 80 80 80 81 81 81

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13 SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station MES 13.1 SAT-B/M priority distress P3 . . . . 13.1.1 SAT-B telex distress . . . . . 13.1.2 SAT-B/M phone distress . . 13.2 SAT-B/M priority routine P0 . . . . 13.2.1 SAT-B/M urgency message . 13.2.2 SAT-B/M safety message . . 13.2.3 SAT-B/M routine message . 13.3 SAT-B/M shore-to-ship routine . . .

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82 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84

14 Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station 14.1 Fleet 77/55/33 Terminal . . . . . . 14.2 Fleet 77/55/33 priority distress P3 . 14.3 Fleet 77 priority urgency P2 . . . . . 14.4 Fleet 77 priority safety P1 . . . . . . 14.5 Fleet 77/55/33 priority routine P0 . 14.6 Fleet 77/55/33 shore-to-ship routine

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85 85 85 86 86 87 87

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V

Appendix

88

15 Operation Performance Test OPT 15.1 VHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.1 VHF RT ICOM M503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.2 VHF DSC ICOM DS100 class D . . . . . . . 15.1.3 VHF RT ICOM M505 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.4 VHF DSC ICOM M505 class D . . . . . . . . 15.1.5 VHF RT Simrad RD68 . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.6 VHF DSC Simrad RD68 class D . . . . . . . 15.1.7 VHF RT Midland Neptune . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.8 VHF DSC Midland Neptune class D . . . . . 15.1.9 VHF RT STN ATLAS DEBEG 6348 . . . . . 15.1.10 VHF DSC STN ATLAS DEBEG 3817 class A 15.2 MF/HF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2.1 MF/HF RT ICOM M710 GMDSS . . . . . . 15.2.2 MF/HF DSC ICOM GM110 class A . . . . . 15.2.3 MF/HF RT ICOM M801E . . . . . . . . . . 15.2.4 MF/HF DSC ICOM M801E class E . . . . . 15.3 INMARSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.1 SAT-C Trimble TNL7002 Nebula Terminal Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 Navtex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1 NAVTEX RX NASA Clipper . . . . . . . . . 15.4.2 NAXTEX RX WIB2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 SART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5.1 SART JOTRON Tron 9GHz . . . . . . . . . 15.6 EPIRB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6.1 EPIRB JOTRON Tron 40S . . . . . . . . . .

89 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 107 107 108 108 108 108

16 Mock questions 109 16.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 16.2 Radio Regulations RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 17 Translations 17.1 RT messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1.1 Ships distress message . . . . . . . . . . 17.1.2 Passing a distress message . . . . . . . . 17.1.3 Distress relay message from coast station 17.1.4 Ships urgent message . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1.5 Urgent message from coast station . . . . 17.1.6 Ships safety message . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1.7 Safety message from coast station . . . . 17.2 Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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113 113 113 115 116 118 120 121 121 127 128 129

18 Identifications 132 18.1 MID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 18.2 Callsign series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 19 Maritime Radio Equipment 19.1 Manufacturer . . . . . 19.1.1 EPIRB . . . . . 19.1.2 MES . . . . . . 19.1.3 NAVTEX . . . . 19.1.4 RT DSC . . . . 19.1.5 SART . . . . . 19.2 Simulator . . . . . . .

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20 Abbreviations

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141 141 141 141 141 142 142 143 144

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

Part I

Short Range Certificate SRC European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators in sea area A1 (VHF) for using GMDSS voluntary. www.cept.dk www.ero.dk 1. Maritime Mobile VHF Radio Telephone RT communications (a) General principles and basic features 2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment (a) VHF radio installation (b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC 3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS (a) Search and Rescue SAR procedures (b) Distress, urgency and safety communication (c) Protection of distress frequencies (d) Maritime Safety Information MSI (e) Alerting and Locating Signals 4. Operational procedures and regulations (a) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS (b) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices (c) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures (d) English language written and spoken

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

1

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS

1.1

Regulations and Rules

GMDSS is a combination of regulations and rules for shipping and radio communication. 1.1.1

Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS

The SOLAS convention is concerning the safety of merchant ships. It was adopted in 1920, in response to the Titanic disaster 1914. In 1988 Chapter IV radio communication of the Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS convention incorporates GMDSS. SOLAS was adopted 1960 by the International Maritime Organisation IMO. www.imo.org The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based in London. www.un.org 1.1.2

Radio Regulations RR

The Radio Regulations RR mainly setting out frequency bands and technical parameters. Radio Regulations incorporating decisions of the World Radio communication Conferences WRC by the International Telecommunication Organisation ITU. www.itu.int ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based in Geneva. www.un.org

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

1.2 1.2.1

Shorebased system Sea areas A1-A4

fig. 2: UK GMDSS sea areas A1 Very High Frequency VHF An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may by defined by a contracting government. ∼30nm from coast A2 Medium Frequency MF An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may by defined by a contracting government. (excluding A1) ∼150nm from coast A3 International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT An area within the coverage of all INMARSAT geostationary satellites, in which continuous distress alerting is available. (excluding A1 and A2) ∼70◦ S-70◦ N A4 The remaining sea area. (outside A1, A2 and A3)

polar regions

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 1.2.2

Master Plan

The Master Plan contains status of shore-based facilities for the GMDSS. Rescue Co-ordination Centres RCC Coast Stations CS Satellite services GMDSS Master Plan ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS 1.2.3

www.imo.org www.ukho.gov.uk

Search And Rescue SAR

The Search And Rescue convention SAR from IMO aimed an international SAR plan, so that, no matter where an accident occurs, the rescue of persons in distress at sea will be co-ordinated by a SAR organization. www.imo.org Examples of national SAR organisations: • Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbr¨ uchiger DGzRS www.dgzrs.de Bremen Rescue www.mrcc-bremen.de • Switzerland: Swiss Maritime Navigation Office, RCC Z¨ urich Swiss Air Rescue www.rega.ch • United Kingdom: Her Majesty Coastguard HMCG

www.mcga.gov.uk

Every SAR organisation is responsible for a defined Search and Rescue Region SRR.

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1.3 1.3.1

Shipborne system Radio equipment for small crafts

Ships not sailing under provisions of SOLAS are voluntary GMDSS fitted and called non-SOLAS vessels. GMDSS equipment may recommended by national organisation or required by national law. • Austria: by law (JachtZulVO) all areas inshore >3nm ocean >200nm

www.ris.bka.gv.at

radio receiver VHF RT EPIRB

• Germany: recommended (Sicherheitsrichtlinien) www.dsv.de all areas inshore ocean

radio or NAVTEX receiver VHF RT EPIRB

• Switzerland: recommended all areas ocean

www.eda.admin.ch

SSB radio receiver EPIRB

• United Kingdom: recommended all areas inshore >3nm offshore >20nm offshore >60nm offshore >60nm offshore >60nm ocean >150nm

VHF handheld VHF RT DSC NAVTEX receiver EPIRB SART MF RT DSC INMARSAT

www.mcga.gov.uk

LRC required LRC required

All equipment must comply with regulations of the European Union EU and carry a Conform European CE Symbol. eur-lex.europa.eu 15

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 1.3.2

Ship radio licence

Ship radio stations have to be licenced and are costumable. Licence is issued by authority of state and must be carried on board. It is containing ships and owner identification, list of radio equipment and if required the following identifications: identification callsign MMSI INM selcal AAIC

necessary Radio Telephone RT Digital Selective Calling DSC Mobile Earth Station MES telex public correspondence

LRC, GOC GOC

National ships radio licencing administrations: • Austria: www.ris.bka.gv.at Licencing fee 49,05 EUR, using fee 10,90 EUR/month validation: 10 years Fernmeldebeh¨ orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at • Germany: Licencing fee 130,- EUR, using fee 21,10 EUR/year validation: life of vessel Bundesnetzagentur BNetzA www.bundesnetzagentur.de • Switzerland: Licencing fee 50,- SFR, using fee 10,- SFR/month validation: 1 year Bundesamt f¨ ur Kommunikation BAKOM www.bakom.ch • United Kingdom: Licencing fee 20,- GBP, using fee 20,- GBP/year validation: life of vessel Office for Communication OFCOM www.ofcom.org.uk

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 1.3.3

Radio operator certificate

Every ship radio station must be controlled by an operator holding a certificate issued or recognised by the government to which the station is subject. On small crafts used for pleasure or fishing normally the minimum requirement would be a Short Range Certificate SRC. This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on the Very High Frequency VHF channels of the Maritime Mobile Band including Digital Selective Calling DSC on board voluntary GMDSS fitted non-SOLAS vessels. fig. 3: SRC At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and occasionally his mate. The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster. National radio operator certificate licencing administrations: • Austrian SRC = UKW Betriebszeugnis II UBZ II Fernmeldebeh¨ orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at • German SRC = Beschr¨ankt g¨ ultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de • Swiss SRC = Beschr¨ankt g¨ ultiges Betriebszeugnis f¨ ur die Sportschiffahrt Schweizer Bundesamt f¨ ur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch • United Kingdom SRC = Short Range Certificate Royal Yachting Association RYA www.rya.co.uk 17

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 1.3.4

Radio secrecy

No person shall divulge or publish the contents of any messages transmitted or received by such station, or to another station employed to forward such message to its destination, unless legally required so to do by the court of competent jurisdiction or other competent authority. Radio operators have to declare this. 1.3.5

Accounting Authority

Accounting authorities are used to facilitate the effective collection and distribution of radio communication charges between ship and coast stations and the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN and Packet Switched Data Network PSDN. Ship stations need a contract with AAIC for public correspondences, i.e. telephone call to subscriber ashore. AAIC: 2 letters (country) + 2 numbers (company): Examples: AU01 Telekom Austria AG DP07 Seefunk GB11 NSSL Limited

www.telekom.at www.dp07.de www.satcom-solutions.com

Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int 1.3.6

Documents

The following documents must be carried on board of non-SOLAS vessels: Ships radio licence Radio operator certificates

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2

VHF Maritime Mobile Radio

2.1

VHF Radio Telephone RT

fig. 4: Simrad RD68

For calling each station needs a name, normally it would be the ships name. As the ships name is not unique a radio callsign is allocated with ship radio licence.

Transceiver is a combination of transmitter and receiver. 2.1.1

Receiver RX

• Power ON/OFF: (may in combination with volume control) • Volume control VOL: set volume of loudspeaker • Squelch SQL: set receive signal limiter (noise limiter) • Dimmer: set display brightness • Channel: select working channel (paired TX/RX frequencies) – Distress channel 16: select distress channel (and 25W TX) – Working channel: 01-28, 60-88, (may national channels) – Dual Watch DW: alternating with ch16 (may no TX) 2.1.2

Transmitter TX

• Transmission range in line of sight, depending on antenna height – Low power 1W: range about 4nm – High power 25W: range up to 100nm • Push To Talk PTT: activate transmitter 2.1.3

VHF handheld device

Used on board, tender, survival craft, towing, mooring, ... 19

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.2 2.2.1

VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC Maritime Mobile Service Identification MMSI

For selective calling each station needs a unique 9-digit MMSI, including the 3-digit country code MID. ship station group of stations coast station 2.2.2

MMSI = MIDxxxxxx MMSI = 0MIDxxxxx MMSI = 00MIDxxxx

Type of calls

Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range: • distress – alert (acknowledge)

all stations

– relay all (acknowledge)

all stations

– relay individual (acknowledge)

coast MMSI

• urgency & safety – all ships

all stations

– individual (acknowledge)

ship or coast MMSI

• routine – group

group MMSI

– individual (acknowledge) 2.2.3

ship or coast MMSI

VHF DSC controller

class A all facilities for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels class B full requirements for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels class D minimum facilities for voluntary fitted non-SOLAS vessels Watch receiver continuous digital watch on VHF DSC ch70 20

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.3

Very High Frequency VHF

2.3.1

VHF wave propagation

Electromagnetic waves in the maritime VHF Band 156-174MHz are propagating in the line of sight. These are called space waves. Due to the earth’s curvature the range will dependpon the height p of the transmitting an receiving antenna. d[nm] ≈ 2( h1 [m] + h2 [m]) radio contact 2 handheld 2 motor yachts 2 sailing yachts motor yacht - coast station sailing yacht - coast station 2.3.2

antenna height h1 /h2 1m/1m 4m/4m 16m/16m 4m/100m 16m/100m

approximate distance 4nm 8nm 16nm 24nm 28nm

VHF antenna

Vessels are using VHF omni-directional rod antennas. Frequency band (∼150MHz) is selected by antenna length (∼1m). 2.3.3

Simplex ship to ship and ship to shore

A single frequency is used for TX and RX. While pushing the transmit button PTT the radio changes from receive RX to transmit TX. 2.3.4

Duplex ship to shore

Two separate frequencies for TX and RX are used for simultaneously receiving and transmission. Transceivers for yachts using simplex mode on a duplex channel, called semiduplex. 2.3.5

VHF Modulation

Modulation is superimposing low Audio Frequency AF (voice) onto a High Frequency HF carrier. Phase Modulation PM is used in VHF maritime radio (G3E used for RT and G2B for DSC). 21

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.3.6 ch 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

VHF international channels 01-28 Ship TX [MHz] 156,050 156,100 156,150 156,200 156,250 156,300 156,350 156,400 156,450 156,500 156,550 156,600 156,650 156,700 156,750 156,800 156,850 156,900 156,950 157,000 157,050 157,100 157,150 157,200 157,250 157,300 157,350 157,400

Ship RX [MHz] 160,650 160,700 160,750 160,800 160,850 156,300 160,950 156,400 156,450 156,500 156,550 156,600 156,650 156,700 156,750 156,800 156,850 161,500 161,550 161,600 161,650 161,700 161,750 161,800 161,850 161,900 161,950 162,000

Sim Dup D D D D D S D S S S S S S S S S S D D D D D D D D D D D

usage primary

intership

secondary

SAR

intership intership intership

intership for safety of navigation on board intership distress, urgency, safety, calling on board intership

22

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.3.7 ch 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

VHF international channels 60-88 Ship TX [MHz] 156,025 156,075 156,125 156,175 156,225 156,275 156,325 156,375 156,425 156,475 156,525 156,575 156,625 156,675 156,725 156,775 156,825 156,875 156,925 156,975 157,025 157,075 157,125 157,175 157,225 157,275 157,325 157,375 157,425

Ship RX [MHz] 160,625 160,675 160,725 160,775 160,825 160,875 160,925 156,375 156,425 156,475 156,525 156,575 156,625 156,675 156,725 156,775 156,825 156,875 161,525 161,575 161,625 161,675 161,725 161,775 161,825 161,875 161,925 157,375 157,425

Sim Dup D D D D D D D S S S S S S S S S S S D D D D D D D D D S S

usage primary

secondary

intership intership DSC intership intership safety of navigation, 1W safety of navigation, 1W intership

23

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.3.8

VHF international channel usage

DSC alerting / calling (distress, urgency, safety and routine) RT RT RT RT RT

distress, urgency, safety, calling Search And Rescue on board (bridge to handheld, tender, tow, ...) ch primary intership working ch 06, 08, secondary intership working ch 09, 10, 15, 17, 67,

ch 70 ch ch 15, 72, 69,

RT intership for safety of navigation

16 06 17 77 73

ch 13

Communications between ships whose purpose contributes to the safe of movement of ships. Bridge-to-bridge communication on ch13 is used without preceding a DSC call. AIS Automatic Identification System

ch AIS1, AIS2

Ships information as position, course, speed, MMSI, ... is transmitted periodically for safety of navigation. AIS signals are visible on AIS screens, Electronic Chart Display Information Systems ECDIS (SOLAS vessels) or Electronic Charting Systems ECS (i.e. chart plotter) in range. 2.3.9

VHF national private channel usage

nation Belgium Croatia Germany Netherlands Scandinavia United Kingdom

ch 96 17 69, 72 31 F1, F2, F3 L1, L2, L3 M, M2 67 80

usage Marina Marina pleasure crafts Marina fishing vessels pleasure crafts club safety, race control Her Majesty Coast Guard for small craft safety Marina 24

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.4 2.4.1

RT communication Phonetic Alphabet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Decimal point Full stop

Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Juliett Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu

AL FAH BRAH VOH CHAR LEE DELL TAH ECK OH FOKS TROT GOLF HOH TELL IN DEE AH JEW LEE ETT KEY LOH LEE MAH MIKE NO VEM BER OSS CAH PAH PAH KEH BECK ROW ME OH SEE AIR RAH TANG GO YOU NEE FORM VIK TAH WISS KEY ECKS RAY YANG KEY ZOO LOO

Decimal Stop

DAY-SEE-MAL STOP

25

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.4.2

Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP

CORRECT IN FIGURES IN LETTERS MAYDAY OUT OVER RADIO CHECK READ BACK RECEIVED PAN PAN SAY AGAIN

SECURITE SILENCE MAYDAY SILENCE FINI SPELL STATION CALLING THIS IS TRAFFIC

an error has been made numbers are written in figures numbers are written in letters RT distress signal (French: m’aidez) termination of working, no reply expected expect reply request strength an clarity of transmission receiving station read back information acknowledge receipt of transmission RT urgency signal (French: panne) repeat part or all of message ALL AFTER, ALL BEFORE WORD AFTER, WORD BEFORE RT safety signal (French: se´curite´) French: silence m’aidez French: silence fini spelling the next word phonetically unsure of the identity of calling station identification of station calling follows radio traffic

IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.imo.org BSH IMO-Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.bsh.de Captain G¨ unter Schmidt www.maricom.de 2.4.3

Maritime radio stations

ALRS Volume 1 Coast Stations www.ukho.gov.uk ALRS Volume 6 Pilot, Vessel Traffic Service, Port Operations ITU ITU ITU ITU

List of Coast Stations www.itu.int List of Ship Stations List of Call Signs and Numerical Identities Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS 26

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at Coast Station CS

example

Name: place of station + RADIO Call Sign: 3 characters MMSI: 00 + MID + 4 digits

SPLIT RADIO 9AS 002380100

Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services VTS and Port Operations place + function Port PULA PORT Bridge MALI LOSINJ BRIDGE Pilot KOPER PILOT Marina OBAN MARINA Radar MILFORD RADAR Lock KILRUSH LOCK Traffic control TARIFA TRAFFIC / CONTROL / VTS Ship Station SS Type of vessel Name of vessel Call Sign: 4 or more characters MMSI: MID + 6 digits

S/Y Sailing Yacht MOUSE OEDF 203984534

Survival Craft Name of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) MOUSE 20 Call Sign of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) OEDF 20 On board Master (fixed): + CONTROL Sub (handheld): + 1 character

27

MOUSE CONTROL MOUSE A

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.5

VHF priority distress

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 2.5.1

VHF DSC distress alert on ch70

undesignated DSC distress alert

push DISTRESS button >5s

designated DSC distress alert a) b) c)

d)

push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC distress menu enter position or filled in by interconnected GPS select nature of distress from list undefined, undesignated fire, explosion flooding collision grounding listing, danger of capsizing sinking disabled, adrift abandoning vessel piracy, armed robbery MOB - man / person over board push appropriate button to transmit

VHF DSC distress alert with MMSI, position, nature, working ch16 received by VHF DSC ship or coast stations in radio range ≈30nm Await VHF DSC distress acknowledge from CS or RCC 5min

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.5.3

VHF DSC distress cancellation on ch70

Distress has to be dully canceled after transmission of a false DSC distress alert. a) b) c)

push appropriate cancel button to stop transmission select distress cancellation call new DSC sets only push appropriate button to transmit new DSC sets only

On reception of a DSC distress cancellation call old DSC sets displaying DSC distress acknowledge by station in distress itself. Follow up with VHF RT distress cancellation call and message. 2.5.4

VHF RT distress cancellation on ch16

If distress situation is no longer valid. 3x station called this is 3x station calling position cancellation date and time expect reply

3x ALL STATIONS this is BELLA BELLA BELLA OEX6437 203783420 position 43◦ 59.2’N 013◦ 28.9’W please cancel my distress alert of 0837 UTC today OVER

Await RT distress cancellation acknowledge from CS or RCC.

30

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.6

VHF priority distress relay

There is a distress situation if you • observe orange smoke, red parachute flares, raising an lowering arms, flying a ball over/under square shape, SOS by any means, ... • receive DSC distress alert, acknowledge or relay, RT distress call, message, acknowledge or relay NAVTEX distress relay message signals of a SART on chart plotter or radar signals of an EPIRB, ... Take the following actions: 1. Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 until normal working can be resumed. 2. Transmit RT distress acknowledge if applicable: Give time to acknowledge by CS or RCC distress signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling acknowledge

>5 min

>5 min

MAYDAY BELLA BELLA BELLA OEX6437 203783420 this is FOXI FOXI FOXI DG4568 211746382 RECEIVED MAYDAY

3. If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means

>5 min

Sea area A1 (CS or RCC in range) VHF DSC individual distress relay alert followed up by VHF RT distress relay call and message to CS or RCC. Sea area A2, A3, A4 (CS or RCC not in range) VHF DSC all ships distress relay alert followed up by VHF RT distress relay call and message to ALL STATIONS. 31

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.6.1 a) b)

c) d) e)

VHF DSC distress relay alert on ch70 push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu either select individual call, priority distress relay enter MMSI of CS/RCC or select from directory / memory some DSC class D priority routine only or select all ships call, priority distress relay some DSC class D priority urgency only select working ch16 some DSC class D no matter to change enter distressed MMSI, POS, nature if appreciable some DSC class D no matter to enter push appropriate button to transmit

On individual call await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC. If not acknowledged repeat after 5min, at least after another 15min. 2.6.2

VHF RT distress relay call and message on ch16

VHF RT distress relay call: 3x distress signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling

3x MAYDAY RELAY 3x RIJEKA RADIO (or 3x ALL STATIONS) this is FOXI FOXI FOXI DG4568 211746382

VHF RT distress relay message: message

expect reply

received following distress message on VHF ch16 MAYDAY S/Y BELLA OEX6437 203783420 position 43◦ 59.2’N 013◦ 28.9’W abandon ship to liferaft, immediate assistance required 4 adults with life jackets end of message OVER

Await RT distress relay acknowledge from SS, CS or RCC 32

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.6.3

VHF RT distress relay acknowledge on ch16

If you receive DSC/RT distress relay from CS/RCC: 3x distress signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling

expect reply

3x MAYDAY RELAY 3x ALL STATIONS this is 3x RIJEKA RADIO received following distress message on VHF ch16 MAYDAY S/Y BELLA OEX6437 203783420 position 43◦ 59.2’N 013◦ 28.9’W abandon ship to liferaft, immediate assistance required 4 adults with life jackets please report to RIJEKA RADIO OVER

and/or you receive NAVTEX distress relay from CS/RCC: ZCZC QD00 141235 UTC AUG SPLIT RADIO / 9AS MAYDAY RELAY RECEIVED FOLLOWING DISTRESS MESSAGE ON VHF CH16 MAYDAY S/Y BELLA OEX6437 203783420 POSITION 43-59.2N 013-28.9W ABANDON SHIP TO LIFERAFT IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE REQUIRED 4 ADULTS WITH LIFE JACKETS PLEASE REPORT TO RIJEKA RADIO RT ON VHF CH16 OR MF 2182kHz NNNN 33

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at Take the following actions, if you are able to assist: 1. Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 until normal working can be resumed.

>5min

2. Transmit RT distress acknowledge to CS or RCC if appreciate distress signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling acknowledge position distance to incident maximum speed ETA, ETD or ETE expect reply

MAYDAY 3x RIJEKA RADIO this is LEO LEO LEO DG4568 211746382 RECEIVED MAYDAY RELAY position 43◦ 49.9’N 013◦ 27.1’W 15nm from incident speed 10kn ETE 1.5h OVER

34

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.6.4

Radio silence

Whilst a distress situation is in force, radio silence is required on distress channel used. No radio traffic allowed, except distress. Controlling stations may impose silence on stations which interfere with distress or SAR traffic. to all: station called impose silence

ALL STATIONS SILENCE MAYDAY

to one: station called impose silence 2.6.5

MOUSE SILENCE MAYDAY

Normal working

When distress traffic has ceased, the control station indicates that normal working can be resumed. distress signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling time of handling in name callsign MMSI normal working

MAYDAY 3x ALL STATIONS this is 3x RIJEKA RADIO 1541 UTC BELLA OEX6437 203783420 SILENCE FINI

35

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.7

VHF priority urgency

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. • medical assistance, advice www.medico-cuxhaven.de Radio Medical Advice RMA, Tele Medical Advice System TMAS • maritime assistance (tug, towing, ...) • Search And Rescue SAR information • other urgent related information (i.e. hurricane warning, ..) 2.7.1 a) b)

c) d)

VHF DSC urgency alert on ch70 push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select all ships or individual call, priority urgency enter MMSI of CS/RCC on individual call some DSC class D all ships call only select working ch16 some DSC class D no matter to change push appropriate button to transmit

On individual call await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC. If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 2.7.2

VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16

3x urgency signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling position

expect reply

PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN 3x RIJEKA RADIO (or 3x ALL STATIONS) this is BELLA BELLA BELLA OEX6437 203783420 position 43◦ 59.2’N 013◦ 28.9’W grounded in heavy swell. require urgent tug assistance. OVER

Cancel message if urgency situation is no longer required. 36

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.8

VHF priority safety

A very important information to shipping. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. • navigational warning NX (light unlit, firing exercises, ..) • meteorological warning WX (gale warning, heavy swell, ...) 2.8.1 a) b)

c) d)

VHF DSC safety alert on ch70 push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select all ships, group or individual call, priority safety enter MMSI of CS/RCC on individual or group call some DSC class D all ships call only select appropriate working channel or ch16 push appropriate button to transmit

On individual call await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC. If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 2.8.2

VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16

3x safety signal 3x station called this is 3x station calling position

termination

3x SECURITE 3x ALL STATIONS (or 3x station called) this is 3x RIJEKA RADIO position 43◦ 59.2’N 013◦ 28.9’W nearly submerged container observed. danger to navigation. OUT

Cancel message if safety situation is no longer required.

37

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

2.9

VHF priority routine

Calling another station on VHF by DSC routine call, RT routine call on ch16 or RT routine call on appropriate working channel. 2.9.1 a) b) c) d)

VHF DSC routine call on ch70 push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select group or individual call, priority routine enter MMSI select appropriate working channel push appropriate button to transmit

On individual call await DSC acknowledge. If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 2.9.2

VHF RT routine call on ch16

3x station called this is 3x station calling expect reply

SEAGULL SEAGULL SEAGULL this is SILVI SILVI SILVI OVER

Maximum length allowed 1min, in total 3 calls within 3min delay. RT reply on VHF ch16: station called this is calling station working channel 2.9.3

SILVI this is SEAGULL switch to ch72

VHF RT routine call on working channel

station called this is calling station expect reply

SEAGULL this is SILVI OVER

38

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2.9.4

VHF RT routine message on working channel

station called this is calling station message expect reply

SEAGULL this is SILVI sailing to Pula Marina ETA 1730 LT OVER

Routine traffic between ship stations and ship stations or coast stations containing nautical information is free of charge. Routine traffic between ship station and coast station containing private information i.e. telephone call is charged by accounting authority. Traffic is controlled by coast station or station called.

39

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

3 3.1

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov Search And Rescue Satellite COSPAS/SARSAT

COSPAS/SARSAT was founded in 1979 by Russia, USA, Canada and France. It is used for worldwide locating persons or mobile units in distress in GMDSS since 1988. www.cospas-sarsat.org

fig. 5: satellites 3 geostationary satellites GEOSAR in 36000km height. 4 polar orbiting satellites LEOSAR in 850km height. Name of alerting transmitter depending on usage: Maritime Aeronautical Personal

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB Emergency Locater Transmitter ELT Personal Locater Beacon PLB

40

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

3.2

EPIRB priority distress

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 3.2.1

VHF DSC EPIRB distress alert on ch70

EPIRB provided for seas area A1 transmitting VHF DSC distress alert on ch70 including MMSI, position and nature of distress EPIRB. 3.2.2

COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz EPIRB provided for all sea areas A1-A4. EPIRB distress alert includes ships MMSI and position from integrated GPS.

fig. 6: EPIRB

EPIRB can be activated manually or by hydrostatic release. Once activated it transmits a periodic distress alert for more then 48h.

Routing of EPIRB distress alert: COSPAS/SARSAT satellites in view Local User Terminal LUT on land co-ordinating Mission Control Centre MCC www.cnes.fr responsible Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre MRCC 3.2.3

COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress cancellation

Do not switch off after a false alert! Contact RCC by any means and switch off by instruction. 3.2.4

EPIRB distress homing signal on 121.5MHz

Additional homing transmitter on 121.5MHz for Radio Direction Finding RDF by SAR forces. 41

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

4

Search And Rescue Transponder SART

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. A SART is used to indicate a distress situation and locate distress position by SAR forces. They are manually activated. The range is about 10nm. Devices should be deployed at a minimum of 1m above sea. Transponder is the short form of transmit and respond.

4.1

Radio Aided Detecting And Ranging RADAR SART On reception of a 9GHz radar pulse a RADAR SART transmits 12 radar pulses. That means a distress signal on the radar screen.

fig. 7: RADAR SART

4.2

Automatic Identification System AIS SART

Once activated it transmits periodic distress alert on VHF channels AIS1 and AIS2. Alert includes MMSI and position (integrated GPS). AIS SART signals are visible on AIS screens, Electronic Chart Display Information Systems ECDIS (SOLAS vessels) or Electronic Charting Systems ECS (i.e. chart plotter) in range. www.marinetraffic.com

42

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

5 5.1

Naval Text NAVTEX Navigation Area NAVAREA

NAVAREAs are geographical sea areas established for co-ordinating the broadcast of MSI www.imo.org

fig. 8: NAVAREAs Sub-Area means a sub-division of a NAVAREA in which a number of countries have established a coordinated MSI system.

fig. 9: Sub-NAVAREAs in Mediterranean Sea 43

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

5.2

Maritime Safety Information MSI

Important information concerning the safety of persons or vessels. • navigational warning NX • meteorological information WX • Search And Rescue information SAR • other urgent or safety related information GMDSS Master Plan ALRS Volume 3 MSI Services ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS BSH Handbuch Nautischer Funkdienst BSH Yachtfunkdienst Mittelmeer BSH Yachtfunkdienst Nord- und Ostsee DX Information Centre Frisnit Oceanography & Marine Meteorology

5.3

www.imo.org www.ukho.gov.uk

www.bsh.de www.dxinfocentre.com www.frisnit.com weather.gmdss.org

NAVTEX MSI service

Transmission time every 4 hours for 12 passengers), cargo vessels (>300GRT) and some vessels over 24m normally the minimum requirement in sea area A1 would be a Restricted Operator Certificate ROC. This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on the Very High Frequency VHF channels of the Maritime Mobile Band including Digital Selective Calling DSC on board compulsory GMDSS fitted SOLAS vessels which sail in GMDSS sea area A1. fig. ROC

11:

At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine officers. National radio operator licencing administrations: • Austrian ROC = UKW Betriebszeugnis I UBZ I Fernmeldebeh¨ orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at • German ROC = Beschr¨ankt g¨ ultiges Betriebszeugnis f¨ ur Funker BBZ Bundesamt f¨ ur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie www.bsh.de • United Kingdom ROC = Restricted Operator Certificate Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges www.amerc.ac.uk

51

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 6.1.7

Standards for Training, Certification and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW

The STCW convention defines international basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on commercial vessels. www.imo.org 1. Medical Certificate Austria: Seeschiffahrtsverordnung United Kingdom: MSN 1765

www.ris.bka.gv.at www.mcga.gov.uk

2. STCW 95 Basic Safety (a) Elementary First Aid (b) Personal Survival Techniques (c) Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting (d) Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities ROC and GOC must be endorsed by the national maritime agency. • Austria: Oberste Schifffahrtsbeh¨ orde OSB

www.bmvit.gv.at

• Germany: Bundesamt f¨ ur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie • United Kingdom: Maritime and Coastguard Agency STCW revalidation is required every 5 years.

52

www.bsh.de

www.mcga.gov.uk

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

7

Power supply

Radio equipment needs electrical power. Normally this would be Direct Current DC with nominal supply voltage of 12VDC for small pleasure crafts and 24VDC for other vessels.

7.1

Direct Current 12VDC /24VDC

Power sources: 1. Alternator on main engine 2. Battery charging unit 3. Batteries Lead acid batteries: • charging ≤14.4/28.8VDC

if higher explosive gas!

– acid density 1280kg/m3 charged • discharging ≥10.8/21.6VDC

if lower damage caused!

– acid density 1180kg/m3 discharged • no load 12.2/24.4VDC (standby) • load can cause decreasing to 11.0/22.0VDC

7.2

European Alternating Current 230VAC

Power sources: 1. Shorepower 2. Generator 3. Inverter

53

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

Part III

Long Range Certificate LRC CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators for using GMDSS voluntary on board non-SOLAS vessels. www.cept.dk www.ero.dk 1. Maritime Mobile Radio Telephone RT communications (a) General principles and basic features 2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment (a) VHF, MF/HF radio installation (b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC 3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Search and Rescue SAR Procedures Distress, urgency and safety communication Protection of distress frequencies Maritime Safety Information MSI Alerting and Locating Signals

4. Operational procedures and regulations (a) (b) (c) (d)

English language written and spoken Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures

5. Maritime Mobile Satellite Service

LRC satellite module

(a) INMARSAT System (b) INMARSAT C operation, Enhanced Group Call EGC 54

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

8

GMDSS

8.1 8.1.1

Shipborne system Radio operator certificate

On small crafts used for pleasure or fishing normally offshore requirement would be a Long Range Certificate LRC. This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands including Digital Selective Calling DSC and maritime mobile satellite communications on board voluntary GMDSS fitted non-SOLAS vessels. fig. 12: LRC At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and occasionally his mate. National radio operator certificate licencing administrations: • Austrian LRC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis II ABZ II Fernmeldebeh¨ orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at • German LRC = Allgemein g¨ ultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de • Swiss LRC = Allgemein g¨ ultiges Betriebszeugnis f¨ ur die Sportschiffahrt Schweizer Bundesamt f¨ ur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch • United Kingdom LRC = Long Range Certificate Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges www.amerc.ac.uk

55

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9

MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio

9.1

MF/HF Radio Telephone RT Based on the same technology a single MF/HF radio device is used for MF and HF communication.

fig. 13: ICOM M710 GMDSS 9.1.1

Receiver RX

• RX/TX paired frequencies – Select ITU channel: associated RX/TX frequency table – Input RX and TX carrier frequency – 2182 direct tune to MF 2182kHz (J3E, high power) • Class of emission mode; J3E, H3E, A3E, ... • Radio Frequency RF gain

signal sensitivity

• Automatic Gain Control AGC • Audio Frequency AF gain • Fine tune / clarify 9.1.2

reduce fading volume of loudspeaker

shift RX carrier frequency ±150Hz

Transmitter TX

• Tune

matches the length of the antenna

• Power

MF 60-400W, HF 60-1500W

56

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9.2 9.2.1

Medium Frequency MF / High Frequency HF Radio bands

band MF

definition 300-3000kHz

wave 1000-100m

HF VHF UHF

3-30MHz 30-300MHz 300-3000MHz

100-10m 10-1m 10-1dm

SHF

3-30GHz

10-1cm

9.2.2

maritime usage NAVTEX 490kHz, 518kHz MF RT+DSC 1605-3800kHz HF RT+DSC 3.8-26MHz VHF RT+DSC 156-162MHz COSPAS/SARSAT 406MHz INMARSAT 1.5/1.6GHz GPS 1.5GHz RADAR 3GHz, 9GHz SART 9GHz

MF/HF Antenna

• Wire: more then 7m, insulated from superstructure. Yachts are using the aft stay, lager vessels a wire between two masts bow and stern. • Whip: more then 4m Yachts are using pushpit or flybridge mounting, larger vessels the top of bridge tower. 9.2.3

MF/HF Tuner The MF/HF carrier frequency changes from minimum MF 1.6MHz to maximum HF 26MHz and therefore the wave length from 188m to 10m. But the antenna has a fixed length. Automatic antenna tuner matches the real length to the ideal length using coils and capacitors.

fig. 14: tuner 57

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 9.2.4 A H J F G

MF/HF classes of emission

modulation AM SSB carrier SSB no carrier FM PM

1 2 3

signal digital digital subcarrier analog

A3E Double Side Band DSB

B C D E

information teleprinting telefax telecommand telephony MF/HF broadcast

The Radio Frequency RF carrier and 3kHz bandwidth of the Audio Frequency AF are fed into the amplitude modulator AM. On the output is a Double Side Band DSB signal with 6kHz bandwidth, named A3E. Those two bands call Lower Side Band LSB and Upper Side Band USB. H3E Single Side Band SSB with carrier

former MF RT 2182kHz

An LSB filter makes the Upper Side Band USB, a Single Side Band SSB with carrier H3E, from Double Side Band A3E. You spare 25% of power. J3E Single Side Band SSB no carrier

MF/HF RT

A carrier filter produces the SSB without carrier J3E. You spare another 50% of power. On receiving J3E signals you must reinsert a carrier to demodulate information. TX and RX frequency are not really the same, so you need to adjust RX frequency with fine tune or clarifier. F1B Frequency Shift Keying FSK

MF/HF DSC & telex

FSK means the transmission of two different frequencies for two states of binary digits 0 and 1. J2B Single Side Band SSB with subcarrier

MF/HF DSC & telex

Bit 0/1 are converted into two different audio tone signals and sent in J3E 58

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 9.2.5

MF/HF propagation

Ground wave This type of waves travels along the surface of the ground. Propagation is influenced by the frequency and the conductivity of the earth. At MF the ground wave has a range of 150-250nm during daylight. At HF the absorption of the ground increases and the range can be less than 5 miles. Sky wave The sky wave has the ability to bend or reflect in the upper atmosphere (labeled F1 and F2) so that it returns to the earth. With more than one skips you can reach stations around the world. Skip distance increases with the frequency. Lower bands 2/4/8MHz have to be sent in the morning and at night. So MF sky wave can reach more than 400nm during night. During sunlight at mid afternoon use higher bands 16/22MHz. And in the evening 8/12MHz. Dead zone No signals are heard between the end of the ground wave and the skip of the sky wave and so it is called the dead zone. Fading If more then one reflection is received the receiver will combine the signals. Combining these two signals means the strength of the signal can vary greatly. Variations from zero to maximum are possible, called fading.

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9.3

MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC

9.3.1

Type of calls

Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range: • distress – alert (acknowledge)

all stations

– relay all (acknowledge)

all stations

– relay individual (acknowledge)

coast MMSI

• urgency & safety – group

group MMSI

– geographical area

coordinates

– individual (acknowledge)

ship or coast MMSI

• routine – group

group MMSI

– individual (acknowledge) – test (acknowledge) 9.3.2 class A class E

ship or coast MMSI coast MMSI

MF/HF DSC controller full requirements for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels minimum facilities for voluntary fitted non-SOLAS vessels

Scan watch receiver continuous digital watch scanning all 6 MF/HF DSC frequencies: MF 2187.5kHz HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9.4

MF/HF priority distress

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 9.4.1

MF/HF DSC distress alert

undesignated DSC distress alert

push DISTRESS button >5s

designated DSC distress alert a) b) c) d)

e) f)

g)

push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC distress menu enter position or filled in by interconnected GPS select nature of distress from list select DSC calling frequency (position an propagation) single: 5 consecutive calls on 1 frequency ∼35s multi: 6 consecutive calls on 6 frequencies ∼42s MF 2187.5kHz HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz select mode RT J3E simplex class A DSC sets only select associated RT working frequency: MF 2182kHz HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz push appropriate button to transmit

MF DSC received by ship & coast stations in radio range ∼150nm HF DSC received by ship & coast stations in propagation range Await DSC distress acknowledge from CS/RCC If not, automatic repetition of DSC distress alert

5 min until normal working can be resumed. 2. Transmit MF RT distress acknowledge if applicable: Give time to acknowledge by CS or RCC

>5 min

3. If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means

>5 min

A2 A3, A4 9.5.1 a) b) c)

d) e)

f)

MF DSC individual distress relay alert followed by MF RT HF DSC individual distress relay alert followed by HF RT

MF/HF DSC distress relay alert push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select individual call, priority distress relay enter MMSI of CS/RCC or select from directory select DSC calling frequency (position an propagation) MF 2187.5kHz HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz select mode RT J3E simplex class A DSC sets only select associated RT working frequency: MF 2182kHz HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz push appropriate button to transmit

Await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC. If not acknowledged repeat after 5min, at least after another 15min. 9.5.2

MF/HF RT distress relay call and message

Transmit subsequent RT distress call and message on associated RT working frequency. 63

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9.6

MF priority urgency

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. No urgency calls on HF. 9.6.1 a) b)

c) d) e)

MF DSC urgency alert on 2187.5kHz push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select area, group or individual call, priority urgency enter reference point and distance on area call enter MMSI of CS/RCC on group and individual call select DSC calling frequency MF 2187.5kHz select mode RT J3E simplex class A DSC sets only select associated RT working frequency MF 2182kHz

On individual call await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC. If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 9.6.2

MF RT urgency call and message on 2182kHz

Transmit subsequent RT urgency call and message on associated RT working frequency. Cancel message if urgent situation is no longer required.

64

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9.7

MF priority safety

A very important information to shipping. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. No safety calls on HF. 9.7.1 a) b)

c) d) e)

MF DSC safety alert on 2187.5kHz push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select area, group or individual call, priority safety enter reference point and distance on area call enter MMSI of CS/RCC on group and individual call select DSC calling frequency MF 2187.5kHz select mode RT J3E simplex class A DSC sets only select associated RT working frequency MF 2182kHz

On individual call await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC. If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 9.7.2

MF RT safety call and message on 2182kHz

Transmit subsequent RT urgency call and message on associated RT working frequency. Cancel message if safety situation is no longer required.

65

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

9.8 9.8.1 a) b) c)

MF/HF priority routine MF/HF DSC routine calling push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select area, group or individual call, priority safety enter MMSI select DSC calling frequency (position and propagation) MF ship-ship TX/RX 2177/2177kHz MF ship-shore TX/RX 2189.5/2177kHz HF 24 DSC frequencies within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz] 4MHz: 4208.0/4219.5, 4208.5/4220.0, 4209.0/4220.5 6MHz: 6312.5/6331.0, 6313.0/6331.5, 6313.5/6332.0 8MHz: 8415.0/8436.5, 8415.5/8437.0, 8416.0/8437.5 12MHz: 12577.5/12657.0, 12578.0/12657.5, 12578.5/12658.0 16MHz: 16805.0/16903.0, 16805.5/16903.5, 16806.0/16904.0 18MHz: 18898.5/19703.5, 18899.0/19704.0, 18899.5/19704.5 22MHz: 22375.5/22444.0, 22376.0/22444.5, 22376.5/22445.0 25MHz: 25208.5/26121.0, 25209.0/26121.5, 25209.5/26122.0

d) e)

select mode RT J3E simplex/duplex class A DSC sets only select RT working frequency on same band as calling MF ship-ship i.e. intership TX/RX 2048/2048kHz MF ship-shore 55 ITU channels: ship TX/RX [kHz] 2MHz: 241-267: 2060/1635, 2063/1638, ... 2138/1713 2MHz: 268-295: 2060/1716, 2063/1719, ... 2141/1797

HF 242 ITU channels within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz] 4MHz: 401-427: 4065/4357, 4068/4360, ..., 4143/4435 6MHz: 601-608: 6200/6501, 6203/6504, ..., 6221/6522 8MHz: 801-832: 8195/8719, 8198/8722, ..., 8288/8812 12MHz: 1201-1241: 12230/13077, 12233/13080, ..., 12350/13197 16MHz: 1601-1656: 16360/17242, 16363/17245, ..., 16525/17407 18MHz: 1801-1815: 18780/19755, 18783/19758, ..., 18822/19797 22MHz: 2201-2253: 22000/22696, 22003/22699, ..., 22156/22852 25MHz: 2501-2510: 25070/26145, 25073/26148, ..., 25097/26172

f) g)

enter additional information if required push appropriate button to transmit 66

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

10

SAT-C Mobile Earth Station MES

10.1

International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT

10.1.1

INMARSAT system INMARSAT is a private company and located in London with its Operation Control Centre OCC. 4 satellites AOR-W, AOR-E, IOR, POR are geostationary located in 36.000km height above the equator.

fig. 15: INMARSAT satellites

At your known ships position you can calculate the azimuth and elevation angle. www.inmarsat.com

Marine communication standards: standard B C M Fleet 33 Fleet 55 Fleet 77 FB 150 FB 250 FB 500

phone yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

telex yes yes no no no no no no no

data 64kBit/s 0.6kBit/s 2.4kBit/s 9.6kBit/s 64kBit/s 128kBit/s 150kBit/s 284kBit/s 432kBit/s 67

GMDSS yes yes no no no yes no no no

IMN 3MIDxxxxx 4MIDxxxxx 6MIDxxxxx 76xxxxxxx 76xxxxxxx 76xxxxxxx

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 10.1.2

INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES

There are about 20 Land Earth Stations around the world, formerly called Coast Earth Stations CES. Dishes (parabolic antenna) with a diameter of 20m are used for RX 3.6GHz and TX 6.4GHz. LES are connected into the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN, Packet Switched Data Network PSDN and to RCC’s. Not every LES provides all communication standards. SAT-C LES list and Access Codes: country China Brazil France Greece India Israel Italia Japan Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Russia Singapore Vietnam USA

operator Beijing Embratel Vizada OTE VSNL Bezeq Telecom Italia KDDI Stratos (Burum) Stratos (Burum 2) Stratos (Auckland) Vizada Telekomunikacja Morsviazsputnik Singapore Telecom VISHIPEL Vizada

68

AOR-W

AOR-E

021

114 121 120

003 012 002 004

001

127 105 103 112 102 104 116 117

101

POR 211

IOR 311

221

321 305 306 327 335 303 312 302

203 212 202 204 217 210 201

304 316 317 328 330 301

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 10.1.3

INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES formerly called Ship Earth Stations SES

fig. 16: INMARSAT MES The communication frequencies RX 1.5GHz and TX 1.6GHz propagate with space wave. The satellite has to be in the line of sight. That is possible up to 70◦ N/S. The antenna (dish) is directional and must be pointed accurately at the satellite. Normally it is automatically tracked by ships position (GPS) and heading (gyro) to satellite (azimuth and elevation). 4 Network Co-ordination Stations NCS are responsible for allocating ships TX communication channels and ships RX calling.

fig. 17: INMARSAT NCS Inmarsat Mobile Numbers IMN (4MIDxxxxx) are allocated by INMARSAT London. Air time is charged by AAIC. 69

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

10.2

SAT-C Terminal

Store-and-forward data messaging only (similar to SMS), no phone. omnidirectional antenna Transceiver PC Terminal with user Software

fig. 18: SAT-C Terminal Login is only possible if MES is in contract with INMARSAT. You get messages after login to NCS ocean region. Logging out informs the NCS that your MES is no longer available for communication. The NCS in your ocean region updates its database with this information. The system knows not to accept any messages intended for your MES and informs would-be callers that your MES is not available. Logging out inhibits loss of data. class 0 1 2 3

terminal EGC receiver only SAT-C transceiver only EGC receiver when SAT-C transceiver is standby EGC receiver and SAT-C transceiver

Mini-C: small-scale, non GMDSS for voluntary fitted vessels in Inmarsat spot beam areas only. 70

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

10.3

SAT-C priority distress P3

If you select distress priority your message will be routed only to an RCC associated with the LES selected, regardless of the destination. 10.3.1

SAT-C telex distress alert

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. undesignated distress alert

push DISTRESS button(s) >5s

designated distress alert a) b) c)

d) e)

enter menu

select distress alert enter position or filled in by interconnected GPS select nature of distress from list unspecified, fire/explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, listing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon, further assistance, piracy/armed attack login to nearest LES/CES depending on position push appropriate button to transmit

Received by Inmarsat satellite → LES → RCC Await SAT-C distress acknowledge from RCC If not repeat SAT-C distress alert as above. 10.3.2 a) b)

c) d)

∼70◦ S-70◦ N 5 min until normal working can be resumed. 2. Transmit VHF or MF RT distress acknowledge if applicable: Give time to acknowledge by CS or RCC >5 min 3. If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means a) b)

c) d)

select distress priority P3 prepare message or retrieve from memory MAYDAY RELAY ships name / call sign / IMN position observed / received the following ... select LES/CES to transmit push appropriate button

72

>5 min

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

10.4

SAT-C priority routine P0

Priority messages are selected by 2-digit short dialing codes. Special Access Code SAC. www.inmarsat.com 10.4.1

SAT-C telex urgency message

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c)

d)

e) f)

select routine priority P0 select message type special access enter 2-digit SAC 32 medical advice 38 medical assistance 39 maritime assistance prepare message or retrieve from memory PAN PAN ships name / call sign / IMN / position select LES/CES to transmit push appropriate button

10.4.2

SAT-C telex safety message

A very important information to shipping. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c) d)

e) f)

select routine priority P0 select message type special access enter 2-digit SAC 42 navigational hazards prepare message or retrieve from memory SECURITE ships name / call sign / IMN / position select LES/CES to transmit push appropriate button 73

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 10.4.3 a) b)

SAT-C telex routine message

select routine priority P0 select message type, country, destination, prefix, extension

shore ship

type telex telex

data fax sms email

PSDN PSTN SAC SAC

c) d) e)

country country 581 AOR/E 582 POR 583 IOR 583 AOR/W country -

destination subscriber IMN

DNIC subscriber -

prefix 28 28 -

ext. T30 -

preamble TO+ TO+ SUBJ+

prepare message or retrieve from memory select LES/CES to transmit push appropriate button ≈ 0,30USD 50 character 36 character 32 character

Inmarsat air charges per 256Bit ITA-2, 5Bit, telex ASCII, 7Bit, text Binary, 8Bit, data

/ / / /

256Bit 256Bit 256Bit 256Bit

Inmarsat sms/email Provider: contract required Vizada (former Telenor, France Telecom) www.vizada.com Stratos (former Xantic) www.stratosglobal.com Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN: ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com Data Network Identification Code DNIC:

74

www.itu.int

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

10.5

SAT-C shore-to-ship routine

fig. 19: INMARSAT shore-to-ship Dialing a MES from ashore or another MES:

telex

data

fax sms email

destination 581 AOR/E 582 POR 583 IOR 584 AOR/W 1111 AOR/E 1112 POR 1113 IOR 1114 AOR/W not supported Vizada: +49-1709127629 Stratos; +47-95222333 Vizada: [email protected] Stratos: [email protected]

extension IMN

DNIC

MES: i IMN subject: keyword subject: al:telex

Contract with service provider for SMS and email required.

75

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

10.6 10.6.1

SAT-C shore-to-ship Enhanced Group Call EGC SafetyNET

SafetyNET provides Maritime Safety Information MSI broadcasts outside NAVTEX coverage free of charge. MSI can be addressed to all ships within • one, more or all 4 ocean region(s) • one, more or all 16 NAVAREA(s) • circle • rectangle • coastal area Priority levels: distress, urgency, safety, routine NAVAREA I, II, III: scheduled MSI broadcasts (UTC) area I II III

ocean region AOR-E AOR-E AOR-W AOR-E

NAV warning 0503, 1730 1630 1200, 2400, on receipt

ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS GMDSS Master Plan INMARSAT SafetyNet User Handbook 10.6.2

MET information 0930, 2130 0900, 2100 0900, 2100 1000, 2200

www.ukho.gov.uk www.imo.org www.inmarsat.com

FleetNET

FleetNET provides charged commercial broadcasts to a group of stations selected by EGC Network Identification code ENID code.

76

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 10.6.3

EGC receiver

Set up EGC receiver: a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

automatic update of ships position from GPS or manually input at least every 4 hours designate current NAVAREA I-XVI based on ships position designate INMARSAT ocean region based on NAVAREA login in to ocean region NCS of AOR-W, AOR-E, POR or IOR enter NAVAREA I-XVI select NAVTEX codes and/or EGC services from list enter alternative NAVAREA

fig. 20: MSI SafetyNet

77

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

Part IV

General Operator Certificate GOC 1. Maritime Mobile Radio Telephone RT communications (a) General principles and basic features 2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment (a) VHF, MF/HF radio installation (b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC (c) Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP, telex 3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Search and Rescue SAR Procedures Distress, urgency and safety communication Communication with non-SOLAS vessels Protection of distress frequencies Maritime Safety Information MSI Alerting and Locating Signals

4. Operational procedures and regulations (a) (b) (c) (d)

English language written and spoken Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures

5. Maritime Mobile Satellite Service (a) INMARSAT System (b) INMARSAT C operation, Enhanced Group Call EGC (c) INMARSAT B/M, Fleet 77 78

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

11

GMDSS

11.1 11.1.1

Shipborne system Radio Operator Certificate

On passenger ships (>12 passengers), cargo vessels (>300GRT) and some vessels over 24m in sea areas A2-A4 a General Operator Certificate GOC is required. This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands including Digital Selective Calling DSC and maritime mobile satellite communications on a compulsory GMDSS fitted SOLAS vessels. fig. 21: GOC At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine officers. National radio operator licencing administrations: • Austrian GOC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis I ABZ I Fernmeldebeh¨ orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at • German GOC = Allgemein g¨ ultiges Betriebszeugnis f¨ ur Funker ABZ Bundesamt f¨ ur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie www.bsh.de • United Kingdom GOC = General Operator Certificate Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges www.amerc.ac.uk

79

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

12

MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio

12.1

MF/HF telex Terminal

A telex terminal consists of Video Display Unit VDU Keyboard Printer telex MODEM (modulator/demodulator) MF/HF Transceiver (F1B or J2B) MF/HF DSC class A Operation modes for Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP. Automatic Reception Request ARC Forward Error Correction FEC Selective FEC SELFEC 12.1.1

station to station broadcast station to station

telex identification selcal

Each station needs unique telex identification, the selcal: coast station: 4 digits ship station: 5 digits ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS 12.1.2

telex abbreviations

Examples for telex abbreviations: GA+ MED+ OBS+ OCC+ URG+

go ahead medical assistance required weather messages occupied (engaged) urgent assistant required 80

www.itu.int

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

12.2

MF/HF telex communication

12.2.1 a) b) c) d)

e)

MF/HF DSC alert / call

push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu select station called (all ships, area, group, individual) select priority (distress, urgency, safety, routine) select mode telex/RTTY/NBDP, F1B/J2B, simplex/duplex FEC for distress, urgency, safety ARQ, FEC, SELFEC for routine select DSC calling frequency (position and propagation) distress, urgency, safety: MF 2187.5kHz HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz routine: MF ship-ship TX/RX 2177/2177kHz MF ship-shore TX/RX 2189.5/2177kHz HF 24 DSC frequencies within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz] 4MHz: 4208.0/4219.5, 4208.5/4220.0, 4209.0/4220.5 6MHz: 6312.5/6331.0, 6313.0/6331.5, 6313.5/6332.0 8MHz: 8415.0/8436.5, 8415.5/8437.0, 8416.0/8437.5 12MHz: 12577.5/12657.0, 12578.0/12657.5, 12578.5/12658.0 16MHz: 16805.0/16903.0, 16805.5/16903.5, 16806.0/16904.0 18MHz: 18898.5/19703.5, 18899.0/19704.0, 18899.5/19704.5 22MHz: 22375.5/22444.0, 22376.0/22444.5, 22376.5/22445.0 25MHz: 25208.5/26121.0, 25209.0/26121.5, 25209.5/26122.0

f)

g)

select associated telex working frequency in same band distress, urgency, safety: MF 2174.5kHz HF 4177.5, 6268.0, 8376.5, 12520.0, 16695.0kHz routine: appropriate MF/HF frequency push appropriate button to transmit

12.2.2

MF/HF telex message

Prepare and transmit with telex Terminal Software. 81

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

13

SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station MES

standard SAT-B SAT-M Mini-M

GMDSS yes no no

IMN 3MIDxxxxx 6MIDxxxxx 76xxxxxxx

phone yes yes yes

telex yes no no

remark small-scale portable

SAT-B/M will phase out 2014.

13.1

SAT-B/M priority distress P3

13.1.1

SAT-B telex distress

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c) d)

select telex mode (go online) select distress priority P3 by pushing DISTRESS button >6s await RCC answerback and GA+ (Go Ahead) type distress message or retrieve from DMG MAYDAY ships name / call sign / IMN position, nature, assistance, additional information

Distress Message Generator DMG is a memory for pre-programmed telex distress message. Ships identification and position is included. 13.1.2 a) b) c) d) e)

SAT-B/M phone distress

select phone mode (lift headset) select distress priority P3 by pushing DISTRESS button >6s push # -key to start call await RCC operator answers give distress message MAYDAY ships name / call sign / IMN position, nature, assistance, additional information 82

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

13.2

SAT-B/M priority routine P0

Priority messages are selected by 2-digit short dialing codes. Special Access Code SAC. www.inmarsat.com 13.2.1

SAT-B/M urgency message

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c) d) e) f)

g) h)

select mode: phone or telex (SAT-B only) select routine priority P0 select LES/CES lift headset go online await RCC answers answerback GA+ enter SAC 32 medical advice 38 medical assistance 39 maritime assistance enter # + give phone message type telex message

13.2.2

SAT-B/M safety message

A very important information to shipping. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

select mode: phone or telex (SAT-B only) select routine priority P0 select LES/CES lift headset go online await RCC answers answerback GA+ enter SAC 42 navigational hazard enter # + give phone message type telex message 83

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 13.2.3 a) b) c) d) e) f)

SAT-B/M routine message

g) h)

select mode: phone or telex (SAT-B only) select routine priority P0 select LES/CES lift headset go online await RCC answers answerback GA+ enter SAC 00 automatic dialing enter # + give phone message type telex message

13.3

SAT-B/M shore-to-ship routine

Automatic phone call shore-to-ship: +870-IMN Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN: ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com

84

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

14 14.1

Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station Fleet 77/55/33 Terminal

standard Fleet 77

GMDSS yes

IMN 76xxxxxxx

phone yes

telex no

Fleet 55 Fleet 33

no no

76xxxxxxx 76xxxxxxx

yes yes

no no

remark ISDN, MPDS pre-emption small-scale mobile

ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network MPDS - Mobile Packet Data Service Pre-emption - communication can be interrupted by higher priorities.

14.2

Fleet 77/55/33 priority distress P3

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c) d) e)

lift headset select priority distress by pushing DISTRESS button >5s select LES (nearest to incident) or use default await RCC operator answers give distress message MAYDAY ships name / call sign / IMN position, nature, assistance, additional information

85

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

14.3

Fleet 77 priority urgency P2

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b)

c) d) e)

14.4

lift headset select priority urgency by entering SAC 32 medical advice 38 medical assistance 39 maritime assistance select LES or use default await RCC operator answers give urgency message PAN PAN ships name / call sign / IMN position, message

Fleet 77 priority safety P1

A very important information to shipping. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. a) b) c) d) e)

lift headset select priority safety by entering SAC 42 navigational hazard select LES or use default await RCC operator answers give safety message SECURITE ships name / call sign / IMN position, message

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

14.5

Fleet 77/55/33 priority routine P0

a) b)

lift headset select priority routine by entering SAC 00 automatic dialing select LES or use default enter number (country + area + subscriber) await answer give message

c) d) e) f)

14.6

Fleet 77/55/33 shore-to-ship routine

Automatic phone call shore-to-ship: +870-IMN Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN: ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com

87

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

Part V

Appendix

88

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

15 15.1

Operation Performance Test OPT VHF

1. VHF Radio Telephone RT (a) switch power on/off (b) set volume and squelch for optimum performance (c) adjust dimmer (d) select distress channel (e) select working channel (f) activate dual watch (g) adjust power output 2. VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC (a) check ships MMSI (b) enter position and time (c) transmit undesignated distress alert (d) transmit designated distress alert (e) cancel a false distress alert (f) transmit distress relay call to CS (g) transmit distress acknowledge (h) transmit urgency call to all stations (i) transmit safety call to all stations (j) transmit group call (k) transmit ship-to-ship routine call (l) transmit ship-to-shore routine call (m) transmit routine acknowledge (n) retrieve received calls from log / memory (o) enter name and MMSI into directory / address book 89

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.1

VHF RT ICOM M503

fig. 22: ICOM M503 (a) (b)

(c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

switch power on/off [POWER] set volume and squelch for optimum performance turn SQL left to open → noise adjust VOL → loudness turn SQL right to close → until noise stopped adjust dimmer [DIMMER] select distress channel [16] select working channel rotate dial knob or push microphone buttons [4][5] activate dual watch select working channel and push [DUAL] adjust power output [HI/LO]

fig. 23: DS100

90

ICOM

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.2 (a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o)

VHF DSC ICOM DS100 class D check ships MMSI [CALL] Set-up, MMSI Check enter position and time [CALL] Enter Position/time, enter LAT, LON, UTC transmit undesignated distress alert lift red cover, push [DISTRESS] >5s transmit designated distress alert [CALL] Distress Setting, select nature, position, time lift red cover, push [DISTRESS] >5s cancel a false distress alert [CLR] transmit distress relay call to CS [CALL] Individual Call, MMSI, Distress, CH0xx, 2x[ENTER] transmit distress acknowledge not possible transmit urgency call to all stations [CALL] All Ships Call, Urgency, CH0xx, 2x [ENTER] transmit safety call to all stations [CALL] All Ships Call, Safety, CH0xx, 2x [ENTER] transmit group call [CALL] Group Call, MMSI, Routine, CH0xx, 2x [ENTER] transmit ship-to-ship routine call [CALL] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CH0xx, 2x[ENTER] transmit ship-to-shore routine call [CALL] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CH0xx, 2x[ENTER] transmit routine acknowledge [CALL] Individual ACK, MMSI, Able/Unable [ENTER] retrieve received calls from log / memory [CALL] Received Calls, distress/other, select call enter name and MMSI into directory / address book [CALL] Set Up, Add/DEL, individual/group ID, ...

91

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.3

VHF RT ICOM M505

fig. 24: ICOM M505 (a) (b)

(c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

switch power on/off [POWER] set volume and squelch for optimum performance turn SQL left to open → noise adjust VOL → loudness turn SQL right to close → until noise stopped adjust dimmer hold [H/L] and rotate dial knob select distress channel [16/C] select working channel rotate dial knob or push microphone buttons [4][5] activate dual watch select working channel and push [DIAL/DUAL/GRP] adjust power output [H/L]

92

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.4 (a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o)

VHF DSC ICOM M505 class D check ships MMSI [MENU] Set-up, MMSI Check enter position and time [MENU] Position Input, enter LAT, LON, UTC transmit undesignated distress alert lift red cover, push [DISTRESS] >5s transmit designated distress alert [MENU] Distress Setting, select nature, position, time lift red cover, push [DISTRESS] >5s cancel a false distress alert [CLR] transmit distress relay call to CS [MENU] Individual Call, MMSI, Distress, CHxx, 2x[ENTER] transmit distress acknowledge not possible transmit urgency call to all stations [MENU] All Ships Call, Urgency, CHxx, 2x [ENTER] transmit safety call to all stations [MENU] All Ships Call, Safety, CHxx, 2x [ENTER] transmit group call [MENU] Group Call, MMSI, Routine, CHxx, 2x [ENTER] transmit ship-to-ship routine call [MENU] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CHxx, 2x[ENTER] transmit ship-to-shore routine call [MENU] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CHxx, 2x[ENTER] transmit routine acknowledge [MENU] Individual ACK, MMSI, Able/Unable [ENTER] retrieve received calls from log / memory [MENU] Received Calls, distress/other, select call enter name and MMSI into directory / address book [MENU] Set Up, Add/DEL, individual/group ID, ...

93

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.5

VHF RT Simrad RD68

fig. 25: RD68 (a) (b)

(c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

switch power on/off turn volume from/to left stop set volume and squelch for optimum performance turn SQ left to open → noise adjust VOL → loudness turn SQ right to close → until noise stopped adjust dimmer [backlight] select distress channel [16] select working channel enter digits on keypad + [E] activate dual watch select working channel and push [D/W] adjust power output [1/25]

94

Simrad

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.6 (a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

(k) (l) (m) (n) (o)

VHF DSC Simrad RD68 class D check ships MMSI DSC, Menu, More, MMSI enter position and time DSC, Menu, Posn, Posn, enter LAT, LON, [E], UTC, [E] transmit undesignated distress alert shift cover, push [DIST] >5s transmit designated distress alert shift cover, push [DIST], select nature shift cover, push [DIST] >5s cancel a false distress alert [C] transmit distress relay call to CS DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Send, [E] transmit distress acknowledge not possible transmit urgency call to all stations DSC, Call, 2x Type All Ships Urgency, Send, [E] transmit safety call to all stations DSC, Call, Type All Ships Safety, Chxx, Send, [E] transmit group call DSC, Call, 3x Type Group call, Chxx, Send, [E] enter group MMSI: DSC, Menu, More, MMSI transmit ship-to-ship routine call DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Chxx, Send, [E] transmit ship-to-shore routine call DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Send, [E] transmit routine acknowledge Ackn retrieve received calls from log / memory DSC, Log, back/next, [4][5] enter name and MMSI into directory / address book DSC, Menu, More, Dir, Add, ...

95

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.7

VHF RT Midland Neptune

fig. 26: Midland Neptune (a) (b)

(c) (d) (e)

(f) (g)

switch power on/off turn volume from/to left stop set volume and squelch for optimum performance turn SQ left to open → noise adjust VOL → loudness turn SQ right to close → until noise stopped adjust dimmer [backlight] select distress channel [16] select working channel enter digits on keypad + [E] or push microphone buttons [4][5] activate dual watch select working channel and push [D/W] adjust power output [1/25]

96

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.8 (a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

(k) (l) (m) (n) (o)

VHF DSC Midland Neptune class D check ships MMSI DSC, Menu, More, MMSI enter position and time DSC, Menu, Posn, Posn, enter LAT, LON, [E], UTC, [E] transmit undesignated distress alert shift cover, push [ ] >5s transmit designated distress alert shift cover, push [ ], select nature shift cover, push [ ] >5s cancel a false distress alert cancel, select yes transmit distress relay call to CS DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Send, [E] transmit distress acknowledge not possible transmit urgency call to all stations DSC, Call, 2x Type All Ships Urgency, Send, [E] transmit safety call to all stations DSC, Call, Type All Ships Safety, Chxx, Send, [E] transmit group call DSC, Call, 3x Type Group call, Chxx, Send, [E] enter group MMSI: DSC, Menu, More, MMSI transmit ship-to-ship routine call DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Chxx, Send, [E] transmit ship-to-shore routine call DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Send, [E] transmit routine acknowledge Acknowledge, able/unable to comply retrieve received calls from log / memory DSC, Log, back/next, [4][5] enter name and MMSI into directory / address book DSC, Menu, More, Dir, Add, ...

97

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.9

VHF RT STN ATLAS DEBEG 6348

fig. 27: DEBEG 6348 (a) (b)

(c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

switch power on/off turn volume from/to left stop set volume and squelch for optimum performance turn SQ left to open → noise adjust VOL → loudness turn SQ right to close → until noise stopped adjust dimmer [SHIFT]+[7/DIM] select distress channel [16] select working channel enter digits on keypad activate dual watch [SHIFT]+[6/DW] adjust power output [SHIFT]+[9/1W]

fig. 28: DEBEG 3817

98

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.1.10 (a) (b)

(c) (d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o)

VHF DSC STN ATLAS DEBEG 3817 class A

check ships MMSI [MID] enter position and time [POS], enter position and time [CNF], [NEXT], enter date and time transmit undesignated distress alert [SOS], [SOS] transmit designated distress alert [SOS], [ENT], select nature, [SOS] cancel a false distress alert [CLR] transmit distress relay call to CS either [CALL], 3x[NEXT], [ENT], 7x[NEXT] or [RXC], [CALL], [CALL], [3] transmit distress acknowledge [RXC], [CALL], [CALL], [4] transmit urgency call to all stations [CALL], 2x[NEXT], urgency, chxx transmit safety call to all stations [CALL], 2x[NEXT], safety, chxx transmit group call [CALL], 3x[NEXT], [ENT], MMSI, routine, chxx transmit ship-to-ship routine call [CALL], [NEXT], MMSI, routine, chxx transmit ship-to-shore routine call [CALL], [NEXT], MMSI, routine, chxx transmit routine acknowledge [NEXT] retrieve received calls from log / memory [RXC] or [NEXT] enter name and MMSI into directory / address book [DEF]

99

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

15.2

MF/HF

1. MF/HF Radio Telephone RT (a) switch power on/off (b) tune to 2182 kHz (c) set up MF RT working frequency (d) set up HF RT ITU channel (e) adjust clarifier / fine tune (f) adjust AF gain / volume (g) adjust RF gain / sensitivity (h) set AGC (i) adjust TX power (j) select class of emission 2. MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC (a) check ships MMSI (b) enter date and time (c) enter position and time (d) transmit undesignated distress alert (e) transmit designated distress alert (f) cancel a false distress alert (g) transmit distress relay call to CS (h) transmit distress acknowledge (i) transmit MF urgency call to coast station (j) transmit MF safety call to geographic area (k) transmit MF group call (l) transmit MF ship-to-ship routine call (m) transmit HF ship-to-shore routine call (n) perform daily and weekly tests 100

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.2.1

MF/HF RT ICOM M710 GMDSS

fig. 29: ICOM M710 GMDSS (a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

switch power on/off [POWER] tune to 2182 kHz [2182kHz/RESET] set up MF RT working frequency RX: [CE], CHANNEL or keypad, [RX] >1s TX: [TX], [CE], CHANNEL or keypad, [TX] >1s, [TX] set up HF RT ITU channel GROUP and CHANNEL adjust clarifier / fine tune CLARITY adjust AF gain / volume VOLUME adjust RF gain / sensitivity [FUNC]+[RX], CHANNEL, [CE] set AGC [AGC] adjust TX power [FUNC]+[TX], CHANNEL select class of emission [MODE]

fig. 30: ICOM 110 DSC

101

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.2.2 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)

MF/HF DSC ICOM GM110 class A check ships MMSI [MENU], DATA SELECTOR Self ID, [ENT] enter date and time not possible enter position and time [MENU], DATA SELECTOR Position set, [ENT] transmit undesignated distress alert [DISTRESS] transmit designated distress alert [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Distress, [ENT] select required data, [DISTRESS] cancel a false distress alert [CANCEL] transmit distress relay call to CS [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Distress relay,... [CALL] transmit distress acknowledge [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Distress ackn, ... [CALL] transmit MF urgency call to coast station [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Individual, ... [CALL] transmit MF safety call to geographic area [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Geograph area, ...[CALL] transmit MF group call [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Group, ... [CALL] transmit MF ship-to-ship routine call [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Individual, ... [CALL] transmit HF ship-to-shore routine call [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Individual, ... [CALL] perform tests daily: [MENU], DATA SELECTOR Self test, [ENT] weekly: [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Test, ... [CALL]

102

>5s

>5s

>1s >1s >1s >1s >1s >1s >1s

>1s

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.2.3

MF/HF RT ICOM M801E

fig. 31: ICOM M801E (a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

switch power on/off [POWER] tune to 2182 kHz select preprogrammed user channel set up MF RT working frequency RX: [RX/CLAR], GRP and CH or keypad, [ENT] >1s TX: [TX/TXP], keypad, [ENT] >1s set up HF RT ITU channel GRP and CH adjust clarifier / fine tune [F]+[RX/CLAR], CH adjust AF gain / volume VOL adjust RF gain / sensitivity [F]+[6 RF-G], CH, [MODE/SET] set AGC [F]+[5 AGC] adjust TX power no possibility to change select class of emission [RX/CLAR], [MODE/SET], [ENT] >1s

103

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.2.4 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)

MF/HF DSC ICOM M801E class E check ships MMSI [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH self ID, [ENT] enter date and time not possible enter position and time [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH POSITION, [ENT] transmit undesignated distress alert [DISTRESS] transmit designated distress alert [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH DISTRESS, [ENT] select required data, [DISTRESS] cancel a false distress alert [CANCEL] transmit distress relay call to CS [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH DISTRESS RLY,...[CALL] transmit distress acknowledge not possible transmit MF urgency call to coast station [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Individual, ... [CALL] transmit MF safety call to geographic area [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Geographical, ... [CALL] transmit MF group call [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Group, ... [CALL] transmit MF ship-to-ship routine call [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Individual, ... [CALL] transmit HF ship-to-shore routine call [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Individual, ... [CALL] perform tests daily: [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Self Test, [ENT] weekly: [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Test, ... [CALL]

104

>5s

>5s

>1s

>1s >1s >1s >1s >1s

>1s

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

15.3

INMARSAT

1. SAT-C Terminal (a) login to correct satellite (b) set up EGC system (c) transmit undesignated distress alert (alternative method) (d) transmit designated distress alert (e) transmit distress message (f) cancel a false distress alert (g) transmit urgency message (h) transmit safety message (i) transmit routine message (j) retrieve EGC message (k) logout 2. SAT-B/Fleet 77 Terminal (a) give distress message (b) give urgency message (c) give safety message (d) make routine call

105

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 15.3.1

SAT-C Trimble TNL7002 Nebula Terminal Software

fig. 32: Trimble TNL7002 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)

(j) (k)

login to correct satellite Menu / Galaxy / Log in to ocean region set up EGC system Menu / Galaxy / EGC Setup transmit undesignated distress alert push two red buttons >5s transmit designated distress alert Menu / Distress Alert transmit distress message Menu / Send Distress Message cancel a false distress alert Menu / Send Distress Message transmit urgency message Menu / File / New transmit safety message Menu / File / New transmit routine message costumer: Menu / Window / Address Book message: Menu / File / New → Menu / File / Send retrieve EGC message Folder Tree logout Menu / Galaxy / Log Out 106

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

15.4

Navtex

1. NAVTEX receiver (a) program receiving frequency (b) program coast stations (c) program message types (d) perform tests 15.4.1 (a) (b)

(c)

(d)

15.4.2 (a) (b) (c) (d)

NAVTEX RX NASA Clipper program receiving frequency [CTRL]+[ENTER] switching 518/490kHz program coast stations [ENTER] >3s, [UP], ([CTRL]+[ENTER]) [UP]/[DOWN], [CTRL], [ENTER], [ENTER] >3s program message types [ENTER] >3s, [DOWN], ([CTRL]+[ENTER]) [UP]/[DOWN], [CTRL], [ENTER], [ENTER] >3s perform tests [ENTER]+[CTRL]+[UP]+[DOWN] NAXTEX RX WIB2D program receiving frequency dual receiver 518/490kHz, no settings program coast stations [red], [down] settings, [right], stations, [right] program message types always all, no settings perform tests no test

107

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

15.5

SART

1. SART (a) manually activate (b) perform tests 15.5.1 (a) (d)

15.6

SART JOTRON Tron 9GHz manually activate break seal, remove locking pin perform tests switch to TEST, visual / audible beeper

EPIRB

1. EPIRB (a) manually activate (b) perform tests 15.6.1 (a) (d)

EPIRB JOTRON Tron 40S manually activate remove from bracket, break seal, remove locking pin perform tests remove from bracket, switch to TEST, flash 15s

108

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

16 16.1

Mock questions Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS

1. There is grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Shipmaster advised you to transmit distress signals on all available radio equipments. (a) 43-41.3N 017-12.7E badly holed, ship is sinking, 4 persons (b) 44-13.6N 017-45.3E explosion in engine room, ship is on fire, 3 persons (c) 43-57.1S 016-59.9E lost prop shaft, flooding, 5 persons (d) 44-01.0N 016-48.8W dense fog, collision with fishing vessel, 8 persons (e) 43-26.5S 117-15.0W hit an underwater rock, 1 person (f) 44-33.2S 016-29.6E lost keel, heavy list to port, 8 persons (g) 44-19.9N 015-59.1E lost rudder, drifting ashore in heavy sea, 2 persons (h) 43-00.2S 116-25.8E 7 persons abandon ship to liferaft (i) 44-19.1N 016-39.8E attack by 4 armed pirates, 6 persons (j) 01-21.2S 017-45.9W person over board in heavy sea (k) 44-32.7N 016-56.0E 62 years old crew member had a heart attack (l) 12-43.4S 017-17.6E capsized, no life raft, no dinghy, 1 person on board 109

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 2. State the information included in a DSC distress alert. 3. The RT distress call should sent on which frequency / channel. 4. Define distress, urgency and safety priority. 5. There is a yacht about one mile from you, it is trailing orange smoke and has a crew member standing on deck and repeatedly raising and lowering his outstreched arms. (a) List the actions you should take. (b) State the RT distress relay call and message to CS/RCC. 6. State the procedure for canceling a false DSC distress alert. 7. State the RT signal you should precede a request for medical assistance. 8. State the priority of the DSC alert you should use to report a navigation hazard. 9. State what the signal SILENCE MAYDAY and SILENCE FINI indicates. State which station is allowed to use. 10. State two different items of maritime radio equipment recommended for use in survival craft. 11. State the changes you will see on your ships radar screen as your vessel gets closer to an active radar SARTs position. 12. State the correct use of 518kHz for the Safety of Life at Sea communications.

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

16.2

Radio Regulations RR

Requires one answer only. 1. Under whose control may members of the crew use the radiotelephone? (a) The Skipper of the boat (b) The holder of a Certificate of Competence. (c) The Owner of the ship radio licence. (d) Any responsible person aged 18 and over. 2. Under whose authority is a distress alert be made? (a) The Skipper. (b) The licenced radio operator. (c) The Coastguard. (d) Any concerned crew member. 3. For the purposes of DSC, vessels are referred to by their (a) MMSI (b) callsign (c) name (d) AAIC 4. If you are using a VHF radio with an aerial height of 16m and power output of 25W, at what range would you expect to alert a coast station with an aerial height of 100m using channel 70? (a) 5-10nm (b) 25-35nm (c) 50-70nm (d) more then 100nm 111

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 5. Which electronic navigational aid can be interfaced with a DSC controller to input position? (a) NAVTEX (b) Fluxgate compass and electronic log (c) GPS (d) RADAR 6. Which one of the following types of call is permitted? (a) Misleading distress call. (b) Call addressed All Stations. (c) Call containing profane or indecent language. (d) Routine broadcast call. 7. Is the VHF voice distress channel: (a) Channel 06 (b) Channel 67 (c) Channel 70 (d) Channel 16 8. Which of the following calls is prohibited: (a) unidentified (b) all ships (c) ship-to-shore (d) ship-to-ship

112

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

17

Translations

17.1

RT messages

17.1.1 1

2

3

4

Ships distress message

Auf Position 12sm n¨ ordlich von Kap Arkona, Feuer in den Aufbauten, Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden gebeten, L¨oschhilfe zu leisten. Auf Position 54-10.7N 00415.4E Feuer im Laderaum ist außer Kontrolle geraten, keine gef¨ahrlichen G¨ uter, keine giftige Rauchentwicklung, 1 Person verletzt. Erbitten sofortige Hilfe. Um 2110UTC, auf Position 2sm nordwestlich von Warnem¨ unde, Mensch u ¨ber Bord, Schiffe in der N¨ahe werden gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu halten, bei der Suche und Rettung zu helfen und RCC Bremen zu berichten. Auf Position 3sm westlich von B¨ usum, Ruder gebrochen, treiben in rauher See auf Land zu. Ben¨otigen sofortige Hilfe.

113

in position 12nm north off Cape Arkona, fire in superstructure, vessels in area are requested to assist in fire fighting. In position 54-10.7N 00415.4E fire in hold out of control, no dangerous goods, no poisoning smoke, 1 person injured. Immediate help is requested. Person over board at 2110UTC in position 2nm northwest of Warnemuende, ships in vicinity please keep sharp lookout, assist with search and rescue and report to Bremen Rescue. In position 3nm west of Buesum broken rudder, drifting ashore in rough sea. Require immediate assistance.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 5

6

7

8

9

Auf Position 17sm n¨ ordlich von Puttgarden, Kollision mit Fischereifahrzeug Meyenburg DCYJ, gef¨ahrliches Leck, Schiff sinkt nach Wassereinbruch, ben¨ otigen sofortige Hilfe. Auf Position 61-10,6N 00345,3E nach einer Explosion Feuer im Maschinenraum, 2 Personen schwer verletzt, wir m¨ ussen das Schiff verlassen, ben¨otigen sofortige Hilfe. Auf Position 4sm n¨ ordlich der Tonne DB2 Kollision mit Tanker NEWEXCO. Starke Schlagseite nach Backbord und Kentergefahr. Ben¨ otige sofortige Hilfe. Auf Position 16-28,7S 17451,8E gef¨ahrliches Leck unter der Wasserlinie, Wassereinbruch ist nicht zu kontrollieren, Schiff befindet sich in kritischem Zustand, Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden gebeten zu Hilfe zu kommen. Deutsche Bucht, in der N¨ahe der Leuchttonne DB7, Schiff brennt, bekomme das Feuer nicht unter Kontrolle, ben¨otige sofortige Hilfe.

114

in collision with fishing vessel Meyenburg DCYJ in position 17nm north of Puttgarden, dangerous leak, vessel sinking after flooding, require immediate assistance. In position 61-10.6N 00345.3E after explosion fire in engine room, 2 persons are seriously injured, we have to abandon the vessel, require immediate help. in position 4nm north of buoy DB2 in collision with tanker NEWEXCO. Heavy list to port side with danger of capsizing. require assistance immediately. In position 16-28.7S 17451.8E with dangerous leak below water line, cannot control flooding, ship is in critical condition, ships in area are requested to approach for assistance. German Bight near light buoy DB7, vessel on fire, fire out of control, require immediate assistance.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 17.1.2

Passing a distress message

10 Auf Position 58-55,8N 00224,3E, beobachtet wie ein kleines Flugzeug mit zwei Propellern notgewassert hat. Das Flugzeug ist noch treibend. 11 Um 0732UTC folgendes auf UKW K16 empfangen: Mayday Fjaellfjord LGBX auf Position 4sm nordwestlich von Helgoland, Explosion im Maschinenraum, 6 verletzte Menschen an Bord, ben¨ otigen Hubschrauber und medizinische Hilfe. Ende der Meldung. 12 Rote Raketen beobachtet in rechtweisender Peilung 045 und 8sm gesch¨atzter Abstand von unserer Position 55-16,9N 016-23,1E.

115

Observed small unknown aircraft with two propellers ditched in position 58-55.8N 002-24.3E, aircraft is still afloat. At 0732UTC on VHF ch16 following received: Mayday Fjaellfjord LGBX in position 4nm northwest of Helgoland explosions in engine room, 6 persons are injured, require helicopter and medical assistance. End of message. Our position 55-16.9N 01623.1E, observed red rockets in true bearing of about 045, estimated distance 8nm.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 17.1.3

Distress relay message from coast station

13 Auf dem Motorschiff Freyburg DCAW Mensch u ¨ber Bord, um 0730UTC zuletzt gesichtet 2sm n¨ ordlich der Radarantwortbake Elbe. Alle Schiffe in der N¨ahe werden gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu halten und MRCC Bremen zu berichten. 14 Um 1525UTC auf UKW K16 folgendes von Motoschiff Blue Sky 5KMO empfangen: Auf Position 12sm nordwestlich von Calais Mensch u ¨ber Bord, Schiffe in der N¨ahe bitte scharf Ausschau halten. Ende der Meldung. Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden gebeten, sich an der Suche und Rettung zu beteiligen und MRCC Falmouth zu berichten. 15 DSC Notalarm von Motorschiff Uranus empfangen. Die gemeldete Position ist 10-04N 077-14W, die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu hatlen und der K¨ ustenwache Miami zu berichten.

116

On motor vessel Freyburg DCAW person over board last seen at 0730UTC in Position 2nm north of racon buoy Elbe. All ships in vicinity please keep sharp lookout and report to Bremen Rescue.

At 1525UTC on VHF ch16 following received from motor vessel Blue Sky 5KMO person over board in position 12nm north west of Calais, vessels in vicinity keep sharp lookout. End of message. Ships in area are requested to assist with search and rescue and report to MRCC Falmouth.

received a DSC distress alert from motor vessel Uranus. Reported position is 10-04N 077-14W. Shipping is requested to keep a sharp lookout and report to Coast Guard Miami.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 16 In der N¨ahe der LeuchtHeultonne Humber 5 wurde ein gekentertes Rettungsfloß ¨ beobachtet. Uberlebende wurden nicht gesichtet. Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu halten. 17 K¨ ustenwache Falmouth hat folgende Information vom Fischereifahrzeug Parrain FHEF erhalten. Die Meldung beginnt: Mayday, alle Besatzungsmitglieder an Bord des Schiffes sind vom Rettungshubschrauber 137 geborgen worden und fliegen weiter nach Stornoway. Das Schiff treibt noch auf Position 59-05N 013-55W. Ende der Meldung.

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In vicinity of light and whistle buoy Humber 5 capsized life raft observed. Survivors were not sighted. Ships in area are requested to keep sharp lookout.

Coast Guard Falmouth received following information from fishing vessel Parrain FHEF. The message begins Mayday all crew members on board the vessel have now been airlifted and are proceeding to Stornoway on rescue helicopter 137. The vessel is still adrift in position 5905N 013-55W. End of message.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 17.1.4

Ships urgent message

18 Auf Position 55-12,4N 00508,7E, ein Besatzungsmitglied, 56 Jahre, bewusstlos, Verdacht auf Herzinfarkt, ben¨otige dringend medizinische Hilfe per Hubschrauber. 19 Ein Mann ist vom Mast gefallen und hat sich schwer verletzt, starker Blutverlust, Position 54-48,1N 006-55,7E, ben¨otige medizinischen Rat, Schiffe mit einem Arzt an Bord bitte auf UKW K16 melden. 20 Schiff ist aufgrund von Problemen mit der Ruderanlage man¨ ovrierunf¨ahig, Position 51-10,4N 00345,6E, ben¨ otige dringend Schlepperhilfe.

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In position 55-12.4N 00508.7E, a crew member 56 years old unconscious, suspect heart attack, require urgent medical help by helicopter. Require medical advice for man fallen from the mast, seriously injured with heavy loss of blood, position 54-48.1N 006-55.7E, ships with doctor please contact VHF ch16.

In position 51-10.4N 00345.6E, due to steering gear problems vessel is not under command, require urgent tug assistance.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 21 Auf Position 56-25,8N 027-19,3W, Schiff rammte kleinen Eisberg, Wassereinbruch, ben¨ otige dringend Schlepp- und Pumphilfe. 22 Maschinenausfall, Schiff treibt man¨ ovrierunf¨ahig in sehr schwerer See und sehr hoher D¨ unung auf Position 55-23,4N 00618,1E, ben¨ otigen dringend Schlepphilfe. 23 Auf Position 2sm nord¨ ostlich der Heultonne A, Maschinenraum brennt, Hauptmaschine l¨auft noch, fahren mit langsamer Fahrt weiter, ben¨otigen dringend Schlepphilfe. 24 Auf Position 61-17,3N 00428,4E, gebrochener Mast, Ruderschaden, Schiff treibt man¨ovrierunf¨ahig in schwerer See, ben¨ otigen dringend Schlepperhilfe.

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In position 56-25.8N 02719.3W, vessel struck growler , ship is making water, require urgent assistance with towing and pumping. in position 55-23.4N 00618.1E, engine is broken down, ship is not under command, very rough sea and extremely high swell, require urgent tug assistance. In position 2nm north east of whistle buoy A, engine room on fire, main engine still working proceeding at slow speed, require urgent tug assistance.

In position 61-17.3N 00428.4E, broken mast, damaged rudder. Vessel is not under command, rough sea, require urgent tug assistance.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 17.1.5

Urgent message from coast station

25 K¨ ustenwache Miami empfing eine u ¨berf¨allige Meldung der Segeljacht Windigo, 38 Fuß, die Fajardo am 20. Juni um 0800 Uhr Ortszeit auf dem Weg nach Canaveral verließ. Weiße Segelyacht mit roten Aufbauten. Die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu halten und der K¨ ustenwache Miami Beobachtungen zu melden. 26 Segelboot Rubin, 12m L¨ange, roter Rumpf, weiße Segel, zwei Personen an Bord, verließ Klintholm am 16. Juli um 0600 Uhr Ortszeit mit Ziel Visby, Schiff hat bisher Visby nicht erreicht, Schifffahrt wird gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu halten und Lyngby Radio zu berichten. 27 Segeljacht Relaxe SWLU, 40 Fuß, weißer Rumpf, braune Segel, unterwegs von Martinique zu den Azoren, seit dem 16. Januar keine Meldung mehr erhalten, Schiffe, die sich auf dieser Route befinden, bitte scharf Ausschau halten und der US K¨ ustenwache berichten.

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Miami Coast Guard received an overdue report of a 38 feet sailing vessel Windigo left Fajardo with destination Canaveral. The sailing vessel is white with red superstructure. Shipping is requested to keep a sharp lookout and report sightings to US Coast Guard Miami.

Sailing boat Rubin 12m red hull, white sails, 2 persons on board, left Klintholm on July 16th at 0600 local time, bound for Visby, ship has not yet arrived, shipping are requested to keep sharp lookout and report to Lyngby Radio. Sailing yacht Relaxe SWLU, lengths 40 feet, white hull, brown sails, underway from Martinique to Azores unreported since January 16th, ship on route please keep sharp lookout and report to US Coast Guard.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 17.1.6

Ships safety message

28 Schiff auf Grund gelaufen auf ungef¨ahrer Position 54-27,7N 007-28,0E. Die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, weitr¨aumig zu umfahren. 17.1.7

Ship aground in approximate position 54-27.7N 007-28.0E. Shipping is requested to keep a wide berth.

Safety message from coast station

29 Gebiet Humber, Thames, Dover, Isle of Wight und Belgische K¨ uste leicht bis m¨aßige NE Brise, Windst¨arke 3-4, m¨aßige oder schlechte Sicht, u ¨berwiegend heiter. 30 Seegebiet Dogger Bank bis Isle of Wight, starke westliche Winde zunehmend auf Sturmst¨arke 8 bis 9, rechtsdrehend, sp¨ater zeitweise Spr¨ uhregen, m¨aßige bis gute Sicht. 31 Sturmwarnung vom 21. September 0600 UTC, Hurrikane Clara, 958hPa im Zentrum, Position 28-36,5N 072-41,3W, bewegt sich nordwestlich mit 35kn, in einem Radius von ungef¨ahr 40sm, Seegang u ¨ber 7m.

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Area Humber, Thames, Dover Isle of Wight and Belgian Coast northeasterly gentle to moderate breeze force 3 to 4, moderate or poor visibility, mainly fair. Sea area Dogger Bank to Isle of Wight strong westerly winds increasing to gale force 8 to 9 veering later, drizzle at times, moderate to good visibility. Gale warning at 210600 UTC September, hurricane Clara with central pressure of 958hPa located in position 28-36.5N 072-41.3W present movement NW at 35kn within a radius of about 40nm of centre, seas over 7m.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 32 V¨anernsee nachts Nord 25 bis 35kn, im Sund, im Großen und Kleinen Belt, westliche und s¨ udliche Ostsee S¨ udwest zunehmend bis 35kn, in der sp¨aten Nacht West 30 bis 40kn, S¨ udfinnisches Archipel in der Nacht S¨ ud 30kn, Bottensee nachts Nordost 35 bis 45kn, dichtes bis sehr dichtes Eis. 33 Wetterbericht f¨ ur das Gebiet n¨ordlich von Portugal: Regen oder Schauer, zeitweise SW 6, rasch zunehmend auf W 8, sp¨ater rechtdrehend NW 5. 34 Sturmwarnung f¨ ur Skagerrak und Kattegat, W Sturmst¨arke 8 bis 9, abnehmend auf 7, rauhe See, Schauer, m¨aßige bis gute Sicht. 35 Sturmund Eiswarnung Skagerrak, Kattegatt und V¨anernsee: Heute Abend NW 30kn Sund, Belts, westliche und s¨ udliche Ostsee: Wind aus s¨ udlichen Richtungen zunehmend auf 30kn, heute Nacht N-NW 30-40kn, Zentrale Ostsee und Rigaischer Meerbusen SW zunehmend auf 35kn.

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Lake Vaenern from this night north 25 to 35kn. The Sound, the Belts, western and southern Baltic: southwest increasing to 35kn. From late night west 30 to 40kn. Archipelago Sea: tonight south 30kn. Sea of Bothnia: From tonight northeast 35 to 45kn and close to very close ice. Weather forecast for the area North of Portugal, rain or showers, at times SW 6, temporarily increasing W 8 veering to NW 5 later. Gale warning for Skagerrak and Kattegat, W gale force 8 to 9, decreasing to 7, rough sea, showers, good to moderate visibility. Gale and ice warning. Skagerrak, Kattegatt and Lake Vaenern: From this evening NW 30kn. The Sound, the Belts, Western and Southern Baltic: Around south, increasing to 30kn, this night N-NW 30-40kn, Central Baltic and Golf of Riga: SW increasing to 35kn.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 36 Humber-Elbe-Fahrwasser auf Position 53-25,7N 005-28,4E eine fast untergetauchte, treibende, gelbe Glockentonne, gef¨ahrlich f¨ ur die Schifffahrt. 37 Bohrplattform Drill Epsilon auf Position 58-17,3N ¨ Uberlauf ¨ 002-43,8E, Olund Gasleck, Schiffe in diesem Gebiet werden angewiesen, die erw¨ahnte Position mit einem Mindestabstand von 2sm zu passieren. 38 Eiswarnung: Eisberge rund um Belle Isle and Cape Freels beobachtet. Mit einer ¨ Anderung der Eissituation ist in den n¨achsten 24 Stunden nicht zu rechnen. 39 Auf der Position 4sm NW von Cape Finisterre sind mehrere rote 40Fuß Container gesichtet worden, ein Container mit der Aufschrift TEXASCON, Schiffe in diesem Gebiet bitte sorgf¨altig navigieren. 40 Ansteuerung D¨ unnkirchen, auf Position 51-04,6N 00152,2E gef¨ahrliches Wrack lokalisiert. Schiffe werden gebeten großen Abstand zu halten.

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Humber-Elbe-Route in position 53-25.7N 005-28,4E observed nearly submerged drifting yellow colored bell buoy, dangerous to navigation. Drilling Platform Drill Epsilon in Position 58-17.3N 00243.8E spilling oil and leaking gas, ships in area are advised to pass the mentioned position with a wide berth of at least 2nm. Ice warning: Icebergs are reported in area around Belle Isle and Cape Freels. Ice situation is not expected to change in the next 24 hours. In Position 4nm NW of Cape Finisterre sighted several drifting 40feet containers red painted, one container marked with TEXASCON, ships in area are requested to navigate carefully. Dunkerque approach, in position 51-04.6N 001-52.2E dangerous wreck located. Vessels are requested to keep a wide berth.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 41 Gef¨ahrliches, in der Karte nicht angegebenes Unterwasserhindernis, gekennzeichnet durch gelbe Boje mit West-Toppzeichen, Position 53-48,3N 007-41,7E, Schifffahrt wird gebeten, Abstand zu halten. 42 Motorschiff Xanthippe hat Anker und Kette verloren, auf Position 51-25,8N 002-40,5E, Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden gebeten, dort nicht zu ankern und kein Fischereigeschirr zu nutzen. 43 Fahrwasser zwischen Den Helder und Den Oever ist die Leucht- und Heultonne MG18 als verl¨ oscht gemeldet, die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, in diesem Gebiet vorsichtig zu navigieren. 44 Unterwasser-Kabelarbeiten werden bis zum 16. Februar durch Motorschiff Leon Thevesin fortgef¨ uhrt, die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, innerhalb eines Radius von 2sm der Position 33-55,6N 008-04,2W großen Abstand zu halten.

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Dangerous uncharted underwater obstruction reported in position 53-48.3N 007-41.7E marked by yellow buoy with west top mark. Navigation is requested to keep a berth.

motor vessel Xanthippe lost anchor and chain in position 51-25.8N 002-40.5E, shipping in this area is requested to use neither an anchor nor fishing gear. Fairway between Den Helder and Den Oever light and whistle buoy MG18 is reported unlit, shipping in this area is requested to navigate with caution. Underwater cable operations by motor vessel Leon Thevesin in progress until February 16th, wide berth is requested in area within 2nm of 33-55,6N 008-04.2W.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at 45 Englische Ostk¨ uste. Im Norden von Blyth, Windturbine Nr. 2 ist besch¨adigt worden und gef¨ahrlich f¨ ur die Schifffahrt. Alle Schiffe werden angewiesen, ausreichend Abstand zu halten. Eisbrecher Odeon und Atle. 46 Westansteuerung Englischer Kanal. Unterwasserarbeiten werden ausgef¨ uhrt in der N¨ahe der Verbindungslinie 48-00N 007-15W und 48-51N 007-13W. Großer Abstand erbeten. 47 Eisbrecher Odeon und Atle assistieren im Bottnischen Meerbusen, Ymer in der s¨ udlichen Bottensee und im Kvark. Nur Schiffe, die f¨ ur die Winterschifffahrt (Eisfahrt) geeignet sind, k¨ onnen mit der Hilfe der Eisbrecher rechnen 48 Navigationswarnung Nr. 64, 130915 UTC Februar: Ein großes B¨ undel Schnittholz treibt im Verkehrstrennungsgebiet der Deutschen Bucht auf Position 53-47,4N 00611,1E.

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England East Coast. Blyth northwards, No. 2 wind turbine suffered damaged and is dangerous to shipping. All vessels are advised to keep well clear. lcebreaker Odeon and Atle. Western approaches to English Channel. Underwater operations in progress, vicinity of line joining 48-00N 00715W and 48-51N 007-13W. Wide berth requested. lcebreaker Odeon and Atle assist in northern Bay of Bothnia, Ymer in Southern Bay of Bothnia and the Quark. Only vessels suitable for winter navigation can expect icebreaker assistance.

Navigational warning No. 64, 130951 UTC February: German Bight traffic separation scheme large package of timber drifting in 53-47.4N 00611.1E.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at ¨ Kanal, Straße von 49 Ostlicher Dover, s¨ udliche Nordsee, zahlreiche Baumst¨amme (L¨ange 7m, Durchmesser 0,40 m) treiben von Le Havre bis zur belgischen K¨ uste. Die St¨amme treiben nach Norden in die s¨ udliche Nordsee. Die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu halten und jede Beobachtung Oostende Radio zu melden. 50 Westliche Ostsee. Verkehrstrennungsgebiet s¨ udlich von Gedser Austausch der Betonnung der Tiefenwasserlinie und des Verkehrstrennungsgebietes ist laut Nachrichten f¨ ur Seefahrer 41/01 durchgef¨ uhrt worden, beachte ebenfalls die D¨anischen Nautischen Warnnachrichten 10/02. 51 Aalandsee. Leuchttonne Troeskeln Vaestra auf Position 59-39,58N 019-51,72E zerst¨ort. Unter WasserHindernisse unter der Wasseroberfl¨ache. Die Ost-Kardinal Tonne wurde ¨ ostlich der Hindernisse verankert. Großen Abstand halten.

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Eastern Channel, Dover Strait, southern North Sea, numerous trunks (length 7m, diameter 0,40 m) reported adrift from Le Havre to the Belgian coast. Drifting north into the southern North Sea. Shipping is requested to keep a sharp lookout and report any sighting to Oostende Radio. Western Baltic. Traffic Separation Scheme south of Gedser. Changes of buoyage of deep water lane and traffic separation scheme according to German notices to mariners 41/01 has been carried out, see also Danish navigational warning 10/02.

Sea of Aaland. Light buoy Troeskeln Vaestra position 59-39.58N 019-51.72E destroyed. Underwater obstructions left below surface. East cardinal light buoy established east of the obstructions. Wide berth is requested.

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator www.gantioler.at

17.2

Weather

Bf wind force SS 0 calm 0 1 light air 1 2 light breeze 2 3 gentle breeze 4 moderate breeze 3 5 fresh breeze 4 6 strong breeze 5 7 near gale 6 8 gale 7 9 strong gale 10 storm 8 11 violent storm 9 12 hurricane distance visibility 40km excellent 20km very good 10km good 4km moderate 2km poor 1km very poor 500m moderate fog 200m fog 50m thick fog