Glosario de Informatica Forense
August 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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LKNLO@YQS@YJprix@gpr`sjrliY1:1YHdisjrliNlo`rs`hurlcjc-?1:8-v:
Çkcln` :. Lktricunnlþk YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 6 ?. C`klnlik`s C`klnlik`s YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 8 ?.:. J YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYY 8 ?.:.:. Jntlvi c` lkfirgjnlþk ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ .........................................8 .................8 ?.:.?. Jnu`rci c` dln`knlj ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ .............................................8 .....................8 ?.:.>. Jcglklstrjnlþk @d`ntrþklnj ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................. .........88 ?.:.3. Jcwjr` ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................8 .................8 ?.:.0. Jhum`ri c` s`hurlcjc ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ .........................................5 .................5 ?.:.6. Jdhirltgis c` nlfrjci ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ .........................................5 .................5 ?.:.8. Jg`kjzj ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .....................................5 .............5 ?.:.5. Jktlvlrus ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .....................................5 .............5 ?.:.>
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?.?.8. Odu`tiite ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .....................................: .............:>> ?.?.5. Oigoj Dþhlnj ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ............................. .....:> :> ?.?.. N YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY :3 ?.>.:. Njrtjs klh`rljkjs ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .......................... :3 ?.>.?. N`ktri c` r`spjdci ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ..............................................:0 ......................:0 ?.>.>. N`rtlnjci c` jut`ktlnlcjc ........................ ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ............................. .....:0 :0 ?.>.3. N`rtlnjci clhltjd ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ..............................................:6 ......................:6 ?.>.0. N`slþk c` cjtis ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ........................... :6 ?.>.6. Nlfrjci ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ..........................................:6 ..................:6 ?.>.8. Ndjv` pýodlnj ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................. ......:6 :6 ?.>.5. Ndjv` prlvjcj ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. .............................. .....:6 :6 ?.>..:1. Nikc`knljdlcjc ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ..............................................:8 ......................:8 ?.>.::. Niktrid pjr`ktjd ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ..............................................:5 .....................:5 ?.>.:?. Niibl` ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ......................................: ..............:55 ?.>.:>. Nirtjfu`his ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. .............................. .....:5 :5 ?.>.:3. Nrlptihrjfçj ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................. ......:< :< ?.>.:0. N_D ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ..............................................:< ......................:< ?.>.:6. Nþclhis c` nikcuntj ................................................................. .......................................................................................... ..............................................:< .....................:< ?.3. C YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY ?1 ?.3.:. C`k`hjnlþk c` s`rvlnli s`r vlnli ....................... ............................................... ................................................. ................................................. .....................................? .............?11 ?.3.?. C`soircjgl`kti c` oýf`r ....................... ............................................... ................................................. ................................................ ................................. ..........?1 ?1 ?.3.>. Clr`nnlþk LQ ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ................................. .........?1 ?1 ?.3.3. Clr`nnlþk GJN ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ............................. .....?: ?: ?.3.0. Clspikloldlcjc ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................. ......?: ?: ?.3.6. CK^ ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ..............................................?: .....................?: ?.0. @ YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY ?? ?.0.:. `-jcglklstrjnlþk ` -jcglklstrjnlþk ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .......................... ?? ?.0.?. @xpdilt ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .........................................?? .................?? ?.6. F YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY ?? ?.6.:. Flrgj `d`ntrþklnj ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ..............................................?? .....................?? ?.6.?. Fuhj c` cjtis ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ............................. .....?? ?? ?.6.>. FSQ ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .............................................?> .....................?> ?.8. H YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY ?> ?.8.:. Husjki ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .........................................?> .................?> ?.5. E YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYY ?> ?.5.:. ESSQ ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .........................................?> .................?> ?.5.?. ESSQ^ E SSQ^ ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ..........................................?> ..................?>
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?..0. Qejrglkh Qe jrglkh ...................... .............................................. ................................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................... ..........?5 ?5 ?.:>.6. Qelselkh Qe lselkh ........................ ................................................ ................................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................... ..........?5 ?5 ?.:>.8. QHQ ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ...........................................?< ..................?< ?.:>.5. Qdjk c` niktlkh`knlj ................................................................. ......................................................................................... ..............................................?< ......................?< ?.:>..:1. Qidçtlnj c` s`hurlcjc ................................................................... ........................................................................................... ..........................................>1 ..................>1 ?.:>.::. Qritinidi ........................ ................................................ ................................................. ................................................ ................................................ ............................... ......>1 >1 ?.:>.:?. Qriv``cir c` jnn`si ...................... .............................................. ................................................. ................................................. ......................................>1 ..............>1 ?.:>.:>. Qrixy ....................... ............................................... ................................................. ................................................ ................................................ .......................................>1 ..............>1 ?.:>.:3. Qu`rtj trjs`rj .............................. ...................................................... ................................................. ................................................. ..........................................>: ..................>: ?.:3. _ YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYY >: ?.:3.:. _jksigwjr`...................... _jksigwjr`.............................................. ................................................. ................................................. ................................................ .............................. ......>: >: ?.:3.?. _`c prlvjcj vlrtujd ....................... ............................................... ................................................. ................................................. ..........................................>: ..................>: ?.:3.>. _FLC ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ...........................................>? ..................>? ?.:3.3. _iut`r ....................... ............................................... ................................................. ................................................ ................................................ .......................................>? ..............>? ?.:3.0. _^J ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ..........................................>? ..................>? ?.:0. ^ YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYY >?
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?.:0.:. ^jj^ ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................>? .................>? ?.:0.?. ^`rvlcir ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .....................................> .............>>> ?.:0.>. ^H^L ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>> .....................>> ?.:0.3. ^lst`gjs c` r`putjnlþk ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ .....................................> .............>>> ?.:0.0. ^DJ ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>> .....................>> ?.:0.6. ^GSQ ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................>3 .................>3 ?.:0.8. ^kl`r ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................>3 .................>3 ?.:0.5. ^piikh ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .....................................> .............>33 ?.:0. .............>00 ?.:0.:1. ^^D ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>0 .....................>0 ?.:0.::. ^updjktjnlþk c` lc`ktlcjc ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ............................. .....>0 >0 ?.:6. S YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY >6 ?.:6.:. SNQ SNQ/LQ /LQ ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................>6 .................>6 ?.:6.?. Sriy Sriyjki jki ....................... ............................................... ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .....................................> .............>66 ?.:8. P YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY >6 ?.:8.:. P_D ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>6 .....................>6 ?.:5. V YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY >8 ?.:5.:. Vlrtujdlzjnlþk ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ............................. .....>8 >8 ?.:5.?. Vlrus ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................>8 .................>8 ?.:5.>. VDJK ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .........................................>8 .................>8 ?.:5.3. ViLQ ..................... ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>8 .....................>8 ?.:5.0. VQK ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>5 .....................>5 ?.:5.6. Vudk`rjoldlcjc ........................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .......................... >5 ?.:5 ?.:5 .....................>5 ?.?1. U YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY >5 ?.?1.:. U^^ ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .............................................>5 .....................>5 ?.?:. ] YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYY >< ?.?:.:. ]`ri-cjy ...................... .............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ .....................................> .............>< .................>< ?.??. 1-< .................>< >. Fu`kt`s c` r`f`r`knlj YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYY 31
:. Lktricunnlþk @st` r`nih` tìrglkis c` s`hurlcjc qu` ejk lci jpjr`nl`kci `k djs `ktrjcjs `k `d odih hdisjrli c` `gpr`sjs c` dis LKNLO@. Qjrj dj c`klnlþk c` dis tìrglkis s` ejk utldlzjci djs fu`kt`s c` r`f`r`knlj, dj Xlblp`clj i `d pripri pli pirtjd c` LKNLO@ u itris cinug`ktis priplis, nigi huçjs ` lkfirg`s. Qjrj ticis `ddis s` ej prlgjci qu` `d d`khujm` s`j jc`nujci jd pýodlni iom`tlvi jkt` dj pr`nlslþk tìnklnj. @d hdisjrli `stê irc`kjci jdfjoìtlnjg`kt`. Njcj `ktrjcj niktl`k` ukj c`klnlþk sjdvi qu` s` ejyj pr`f`rlci itri tìrglki, nigi gês nigýk, `k nuyi njsi jpjr`n` dj r`f`r`knlj jd tìrglki c`klci lktricunlcj pir= —Vìjs`=‗ Sjgolìk s` ejk lkndulci slkþklgis i tìrglkis r`djnlikjcis `k djs `ktrjcjs nik c`klnlþk sl dis euol`rj.
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
?. C`klnlik`s ?.:. J ?.:.:. Jntlvi c` lkfirgjnlþk C`fklnlþk=
@s nujdqul`r lkfirgjnlþk i slst`gj r`djnlikjci nik `d trjtjg trjtjgl`kti l`kti c` dj glsgj qu` t`khj vjdir pjrj dj irhjklzjnlþk, pu`c`k s`r prin`sis c` k`hinli, cjtis, jpdlnjnlik`s, `qulpis lkfirgêtllkfirgêtlnis, p`rsikjd, sipirt`s c` lkfirgjnlþk, r`c`s, `qulpjgl`kti juxldljr i lkstjdjnlik`s. @s sussus n`ptlod` c` s`r jtjnjci c`dlo`rjcj i jnnlc`ktjdg`kt` nik niks`nu`knljs pjrj dj irhjklzjnlþk.
?.:.?. Jnu`rci c` dln`knlj C`fklnlþk=
@s ukj n`slþkqu` c` c`r`neis uk tltudjr c`r`neis c` c`r`neis pripl`cjc(dln`knljtjrli) lkt`d`ntujd (dln`knljkt`) itrj p`rsikj r`nlo` dj `ktr` jutirlzjnlþk c`c` utldlzjr clneis j njgoli c`y uk pjhi nikv`klci c` jkt`gjki (tjsj i r`hjdçj) i c` ukjs nikclnlik`s c`t`rglkjcjs. @xlst`k clstlktis tlpis c` jnu`rcis c` dln`knljs qu` pu`c`k ndjslnjrs` `k djs slhul`kt`s njt`hirçjs= • jnu`rcis c` dln`knlj t`nkidþhlnj • jnu`rcis c` dln`knlj y jnu`rcis c` frjkqulnlj sior` gjrnjs • jnu`rcis c` dln`knlj sior` c`r`nei c` jutir
?.:.>. Jc Jcglk glkls lstr trjn jnlþ lþk k @d @d`nt `ntrþ rþkl klnj nj C`fklnlþk=
Jntlvlcjc nikslst`kt` `k dj pr`stjnlþk c` s`rvlnlis j nlucjcjkis y `gpr`sjs g`cljkt` dj utldlzjnlþk c` g`clis t`d`gêtlnis y c`klcj `k dj D`y ::/?118 c` ?? c` mukli c` jnn`si `d`ntrþklni c` dis nlucjcjkis j dis s`rvlnlis pýodlnis. @stj jntlvlcjc nigp`t` j djs Jcglklstrjnlik`s Qýodlnjs nik `d iom`ti c`jc`nujcis slgpdlnjrc` diss`hurlcjc p rin`clgl`ktis prin`clgl`ktis dj Jcglklstrjnlþk, gjkt`kl`kci jd dis glsgi tl`gpi, dis klv`d`s murçclnjnik y prinurjkci dj g`mirj c` njdlcjc c` s`rvlnlis. @ktr` djs prlknlpjd`s kjdlcjc`s qu` p`rslhu` dj Jcglklstrjnlþk @d`ntrþklnj s` `knu`ktrjk= • `d lgpudsi `k dj utldlzjnlþk c` djs ku`vjs t`nkidihçjs c` dj lkfirgjnlþk y djs niguklnjnlik`s • dj oýsqu`cj c` trjkspjr`knlj y nikjkzj pir pjrt` c` nlucjcjkis y `gpr`sjs • dj slgpdlnjnlþk `k dis prin`clgl`ktis y trêglt`s jcglklstrjtlvis • `d lgpudsi `k `d nr`nlgl`kti y c`sjrriddi c` dj ^inl`cjc c` dj Lkfirgjnlþk ^lkþklgi= `-Jcglklstrjnlþk.
?.:.3. Jcwjr` C`fklnlþk=
@s nujdqul`r prihrjgj qu` jutigêtlnjg`kt` vj gistrjkci puodlnlcjc jd usujrli curjkt` su lkstjdjnlþk i curjkt` su usi y nik `ddi h`k`rj o`k`nlis j sus nr`jcir`s.
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
?
C`fklnlik`s
Jukqu` s` jsinlj jd gjdwjr`, ki tl`k` qu` s`rdi firzisjg`kt`, yj qu` pu`c` s`r uk g`cli d`hçtlgi usjci pir c`sjrriddjcir`s c` siwjr` qu` di lgpd`g`ktjk `k sus prihrjgjs, h`h`k`rjdg`kt` `k djs v`rslik`s sejr`w jc sejr`wjr` jr`, ejnlìkcidi c`sjpjr`n`r `k `d gig`kti `k qu` jcqulrlgis dj v`rslþk nigpd`tj c`d prihrjgj. ^` nikvl`rt` `k gjdwjr` `k `d gig`kti `k qu` `gpl`zj j r`nipldjr lkfirgjnlþk sior` `d irc`kjcir cikc` s` `knu`ktrj lkstjdjci. ^lkþklgi= Gjdv`rtlslkh
Jhum` um`ri ri c` s` s`hu hurlc rlcjc jc ?.:.0. Jh C`fklnlþk=
Vìjs`= Vudk`rjoldlcjc
?.:.6. Jdh Jdhir irlt ltgi giss c` nlf nlfrrjc jci i C`fklnlþk=
Ip`rjnlþk i fuknlþk gjt`gêtlnj utldlzjcj `k nigolkjnlþk nik ukj ndjv` qu` s` jpdlnj j uk t`xti `k ndjri y p`rglt` iot`k`r uk t`xti nlfrjci (i c`snlfrjrdi) hjrjktlzjkci hjrjktlzjkci dj nikc`knljnikc`knljdlcjc ` lkt`hrlcjc c` dj lkfirgjnlþk nikt`klcj. @xlst`k cis tlpis c` nlfrjci jt`kcl`kci j djs njrjnt`rçstlnjs c` djs ndjv`s c` nlfrjci, nl frjci, `stis sik `d nlfrjci slgìtrlni y nlfrjci jslgìtrlni. • @d nlfrjci slgìtrlni, tjgolìk nikinlci nigi nlfrjci c` ndjv` s`nr`tj, `s dj tìnklnj gês jktlhuj y `k `ddj s` utldlzj dj glsgj ndjv` pjrj nlfrjr y c`snlfrjr dj lkfirgjnlþk. • @d nlfrjci jslgìtrlni, i nlfrjci c` ndjv` pýodlnj, `s ukj tìnklnj c` niclnjnlþk qu` utlutl dlzj uk pjr c` ndjv`s clf`r`kt`s pjrj `d nlfrjci y c`snlfrjci c` lkfirgjnlþk y hjrjktlzj `d ki r`pucli, jpjrt` c` dj nikc`knljdlcjc y dj lkt`hrlcjc. ^lkþklgi= Nlfrjci
?.:.8. Jg`kjzj C`fklnlþk=
Nlrnukstjknlj c`sfjvirjod` c`sfjvirjod` qu` pu`c` inurrlr inurrl r y qu` nujkci sun`c` tl`k` niks`nu`knljs k`hjtlvjs sior` dis jntlvis privinjkci su lkclspikloldlcjc, fuknlikjgl`kti lknirr`nti i pìrpìrclcj c` vjdir. Pkj jg`kjzj pu`c` t`k`r njusjs kjturjd`s, s`r jnnlc`ktjd i lkt`knlikjcj. ^l `stj nlrnukstjknlj c`sfjvirjod` jnikt`n` j dj v`z qu` `xlst` ukj vudk`rjoldlcjc i c`oldlcjc c` dis slst`gjs i jpriv`nejkci su `xlst`knlj, pu`c` c`rlvjr `k uk lknlc`kt` c` s`hurlcjc.
?.:.5. Jk Jktl tlvl vlru russ C`fklnlþk=
@s uk prihrjgj lkfirgêtlni `sp`nçnjg`kt` cls`újci pjrj c`t`ntjr, odiqu`jr y `dlglkjr nþclhi gjdlnlisi (vlrus, triyjkis, husjkis, `tn.), jsç nigi prit`h`r dis `qulpis c` itris pri p ri-hrjgjs p`dlhrisis nikinlcis h`kìrlnjg`kt` nigi gjdwjr`. Dj firgj c` jntujr c`d jktlvlrus pjrt` c` ukj ojs` c` cjtis qu` niktl`k` pjrt` c` dis nþclhis utldlzjcis `k dj nr`jnlþk c` vlrus nikinlcis. @d prihrjgj jktlvlrus nigpjrj `d nþclhi olkjrli c` njcj jrnelvi `m`nutjod` nik `stj ojs` c` cjtis. Jc`gês c` `stj tìnklnj, s` vjd`k tjgolìk c` prin`sis c` gikltirlzjnlþk c` dis prihrjgjs pjrj c`t`ntjr sl ìstis s` nigpirtjk nigi prihrjgjs gjdlnlisis.
5
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
@s lgpirtjkt` ejn`r kitjr qu` pjrj uk nirr`nti fuknlikjgl`kti c`d jktlvlrus, ìst` c`o` `stjr jntlvjci y jntujdlzjci `k tici gig`kti. ^lkþklgi= Jktlgjdwjr`
?.:.. Jtjqu` c` r`p`tlnlþk C`fklnlþk=
@s uk tlpi c` jtjqu` `k `d nujd `d jtjnjkt` njpturj dj lkfirgjnlþk qu` vljmj pir dj r`c, pir `m`g`m`gpdi uk nigjkci c` jut`ktlnjnlþk qu` s` `kvçj j uk slst`gj lkfirgêtlni, pjrj, pjrj, pist`rlirg`kt`, `kvljrdj c` ku`vi j su c`stlkjtjrli, slk qu` `st` kit` qu` ej slci njpturjcj njpturjcj.. ^l `d slst`gj lkfirlkfirgêtlni i jpdlnjnlþk `s vudk`rjod` j `st` tlpi c` jtjqu`s, `d slst`gj `m`nutjrê `d nigjkci, nigi sl fu`rj d`hçtlgi, `kvljkci dj r`spu`stj jd jtjnjkt` qu` pu`c` jsç iot`k`r jnn`si jd slst`gj. Qjrj prit`h`rs` c` `st` tlpi c` jtjqu`s `d slst`gj lkfirgêtlni Qjrj l kfirgêtlni pu`c` tigjr g`clcjs nigi usjr uk niktrid c` lc`ktlnjnlþk c` nigjkcis, c` s`ddjci c` tl`gpis ( tlg`stjgp), `tn. mukmukti nik `d nlfrjci y dj rgj c` dis nigjkcis nik `d k c` `vltjr qu` s`jk r`utldlzjcis.
?.:.:3. Ju Jucl clti tirç rçj j c` s` s`hur hurlc lcjc jc C`fklnlþk=
@s `d `stucli qu` nigpr`kc` `d jkêdlsls y h`stlþk c` slst`gjs dd`vjci j njoi pir prif`slikjd`s `k t`nkidihçjs c` dj lkfirgjnlþk (SL) nik `d iom`tlvi c` lc`ktlnjr, `kug`rjr y c`snrlolr djs clv`rsjs vudk`rjoldlcjc`s qu` pucl`rjk pr`s`ktjrs` `k ukj r`vlslþk `xejustlvj c` djs `stjnlik`s c` trjojmi, r`c`s c` niguklnjnlik`s, s`rvlcir`s i jpdlnjnlik`s.
?.:.:0. Jut`ktlnjnlþk C`fklnlþk=
Qrin`clgl`kti pjrj nigpriojr nigpriojr qu` jdhul`k `s qulìk qul ìk cln` s`r nujkci jnn`c` j uk irc`kjcir i j uk s`rvlnli ikdlk`. @st` prin`si nikstltuy` ukj fuknlikjdlcjc njrjnt`rçstlnj pjrj ukj niguklnjnlþk s`hurj.
?.:.:6. Jut`ktlnlcjc C`fklnlþk=
Vìjs`= Ki r`pucli
?.:.:8. Ju Juti tirl rlcj cjc c c` c` n`r n`rtl tlnj njnl nlþk þk C`fklnlþk
Dj Jutirlcjc c` N`rtlnjnlþk (JN i NJ, pir sus slhdjs `k lkhdìs, N`rtlnjtlik Juteirlty ) `s ukj `ktlcjc c` nikjkzj nuyi iom`ti `s hjrjktlzjr dj lc`ktlcjc c` dis tltudjr`s c` n`rtlnjcis clhltjd`s y su nirr`ntj jsinljnlþk j djs ndjv`s c` rgj `d`ntrþklnj.
?.:.:5. Ju Juti tirl rlcj cjc c c` c` r`h r`hls lstr tri i C`fklnlþk=
@s dj `ktlcjc `knjrhjcj c` lc`ktlnjr lc`ktl njr c` gjk`rj lk`quçvinj j dis usujrlis pjrj qu`, pist`pist`-
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
rlirg`kt`, ìstis pu`cjk iot`k`r n`rtlnjcis clhltjd`s. ^lkþklgi= Jutirlcjc Dinjd c` _`hlstri
?.:.:. Lkfirgjnlþk h`k`rjd j dj qu` s` ejn` r`f`r`knlj `k jd jrtçnudi :1 c` dj D^^L-N@ D^^L-N@ y y itrj lkfirgjnlþk r`djtlvj jd usi c` niibl`s, niktrjtjnlþk, `tn. sl jpdlnjrj. 3. Zuì `d`g`ktis `stêk sum`tis j dis c`r`neis c` pripl`cjc lkt`d`ntujd ` lkcustrljd, `k tr` itris= -- dj priplj lkfirgjnlþk c` dj w`o `d cls`úi hrêni - djs lgêh`k`s - `d nþclhi fu`kt` - djs gjrnjs - dis kigor`s nig`rnljd`s - `d cls`úi c`d sltli w`o
?.?. O ?.?.:. O?O C`fklnlþk=
Jor`vljturj c` «Ouslk`ss ti Ouslk`ss². @st` tìrglki s` r``r` j djs trjksjnnlik`s nig`rnljnig`rnlj d`s `ktr` `gpr`sjs, utldlzjkci g`clis t`d`gêtlnis nigi @CL (@d`ntrikln Cjtj Lkt`rnejkh`) i
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
`d Nig`rnli @d`ntrþklni. Jdhukjs c` djs v`ktjmjs qu` jpirtj `d ouslk`ss-ti-ouslk`ss pjrj djs `gpr`sjs lgpdlnjcjs sik= • _jplc`z y s`hurlcjc c` djs niguklnjnlik`s. • Lkt`hrjnlþk clr`ntj c` dis cjtis c` dj trjksjn trjksjnnlþk nlþk `k dis slst`gjs lkfirgêtlnis c` dj `gpr`sj. • Qisloldlcjc c` r`nlolr gjyir kýg`ri c` if`rtjs i c`gjkcjs, jgpdljkci dj nigp`t`knlj. • C`sp`rsikjdlzjnlþk c` dj nigprj nik di qu` s` `vltjk ` vltjk pislod`s trjtis c` fjvir. • Jojrjtjgl`kti c`d prin`si= g`kis vlsltjs nig`rnljd`s, prin`si c` k`hinljnlþk gês rêplci, `tn. Qir tjkti, tjkti, dis nigprjcir`s pu`c`k p`clr ukj r`cunnlþk c` pr`nlis `k vlrtuc c`d g`kir nist` c` h`stlþk, i dis v`kc`cir`s lknr`g`ktjr su gjrh`k nig`rnljd.
?.?.?. O?N C`fklnlþk=
Jor`vljturj c` «Ouslk`ss ti Niksug`r². @st` tìrglki s` r``r` j dj `strjt`hlj qu` c`sjrric`sjrriddjk djs `gpr`sjs nig`rnljd`s pjrj dd`hjr clr`ntjg`kt` jd ndl`kt` ndl `kt` i niksuglcir kjd. ^u`d` tjgolìk lkclnjr djs trjksjnnlik`s r`jdlzjcjs clr`ntjg`kt` `ktr` uk ndl`kt` y ukj `gpr`sj slk qu` g`cl` uk lkt`rg`cljrli.
?.?.>. Ojnbciir C`fklnlþk=
Vìjs`= Qu`rtj trjs`rj
?.?.3. Ojnbup C`fklnlþk=
Niplj c` s`hurlcjc qu` s` r`jdlzj sior` ne`ris i jpdlnjnlik`s nikt`klcjs `k uk irc`kjcir nik dj kjdlcjc c` r`nup`rjr dis cjtis `k `d njsi c` qu` `d slst`gj c` lkfirgjnlþk sufrj cjúis i pìrclcjs jnnlc`ktjd`s c` dis cjtis jdgjn`kjcis. Dis clspisltlvis gês `gpd`jcis pjrj dd`vjr j njoi dj tìnklnj c` ojnbup pu`c`k s`r clsnis curis, clsnis þptlnis, P^O i CVC. Sjgolìk `s nigýk dj r`jdlzjnlþk c` nipljs c` s`hurlcjc g`cljkt` s`rvlnlis c` niplj ojsjcis `k dj kuo`. @s c` sugj lgpirtjknlj gjkt`k`r jntujdlzjcj dj niplj c` s`hurlcjc jsç nigi t`k`r dj gêxlgj cldlh`knlj c` su r`shujrci, pjrj `vltjr pìrclcjs c` lkfirgjnlþk qu` pu`c`k dd`hjr j s`r vltjd`s pjrj `d fuknlikjgl`kti yj s`j c` ukj `gpr`sj, lkstltunlþk i c` uk nikt`klci c` tlpi p`rsikjd. Jc`gês, njcj nl`rti tl`gpi `s nikv`kl`kt` nigpriojr qu` dj niplj c` s`hurlcjc pu`c` r`stjurjrs` nik hjrjktçjs. ^lkþklgi= Niplj c` s`hurlcjc, niplj c` r`spjdci
?.?.0. OLJ C`fklnlþk=
Jor`vljturj c` «Ouslk`ss Lgpjnt Jkjdysls². ^` trjtj c` uk lkfirg` qu` kis gu`strj `d nist` injslikjci pir dj lkt`rrupnlþk c` dis prin`sis nrçtlnis c` k`hinli. @st` lkfirg` kis p`rgltlrê jslhkjr ukj nrltlnlcjc j dis prin`sis c` k`hinli, c`klr dis iom`tlvis c` r`nup`rjnlþk y c`t`rglkjr uk tl`gpi c` r`nup`rjnlþk j njcj uki c` `ddis.
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
?.?.6. Olig`trçj C`fklnlþk=
Dj olig`trçj `s uk gìtici c` r`nikinlgl`kti c` p`rsikjs ojsjci `k sus njrjnt`rçstlnjs slidþhlnjs (eu`ddjs (eu`dd js cjntldjr`s, r`tlkjs, lrls, njrj, `tn.) i c` nigpirtjgl`kti (rgj, firgj c` jkcjr, t`nd`i, `tn.). ^` trjtj c` uk prin`si slgldjr jd qu` ejoltujdg`kt` r`jdlzj `d s`r eugjki r`nikinl`kci ` lc`ktlnjkci j sus nikhìk`r`s pir su jsp`nti fçslni, su viz, su firgj c` jkcjr, `tn. Qjrj dj lc`ktlnjnlþk c`d lkclvlcui `s k`n`sjrli qu` dis rjshis i njrjnQjrj njrjnt`rçstlnjs jkjdlzjcjs s`jk c` njrênt`r uklv`rsjd, s`r di sunl`kt`g`kt` clstlktjs j djs c` itrj p`rsikj, p`rgjk`n`r c` firgj nikstjkt` ` lkvjlkvjrljkt` `k `d lkclvlcui y jc`gês, pic`r s`r g`clcj. g`clc j.
«@d iom`tlvi c`d Odu`tiite `s
?.?.8. Odu`tiite
`dlglkjr dis njod`s `k djs nik`xlik`s `ktr` clspisltlvis `d`ntrþklnis²
Dj t`nkidihçj Odu`tiite `s ukj t`nkidihçj lkjdêgorlnj c` rjcli c` nirti jdnjkn`, nuyi iom`tlvi `s `dlglkjr dis njod`s `k djs nik`xlik`s `ktr` clspisltlvis `d`ntrþklnis, slgpdlnjkci jsç djs niguklnjnliniguklnjnli k`s `ktr` t`dìfikis gþvld`s, irc`kjcir`s, nêgjrjs clhltjd`s y itris clspisltlvis lkfirgêtlnis ip`rjkci ojmi dj ojkcj c` rjcli c` ?.3 HEz c` fr`nu`knlj.
C`fklnlþk=
@st` pritinidi ifr`n` j dis clspisltlvis dj pisloldlcjc c` niguklnjrs` nujkci s` `knu`ktrjk j ukj clstjknlj c` ejstj :1 g`tris, lkndusi j p`sjr c` qu` pu`cj `xlstlr jdhýk iostênudi fçslni i j p`sjr c` qu` dis usujrlis c` dis clspisltlvis s` `knu`ktr`k `k clstlktjs ejoltjnlik`s c` uk glsgi `gpdjzjgl`kti. Jdhukjs jpdlnjnlik`s c` dis clspisltlvis Odu`tiite sik= • Lkt`rnjgoli c` ne`ris, ne` ris, nejs c` niktjnti, r`nircjtirlis. • Niguklnjnlþk slk njod`s `ktr` irc`kjcir`s y clspisltlvis c` `ktrjcj y sjdlcj (lgpr`sirjs, t`ndjci, rjtþk). • Nik`xlþk j c`t`rglkjcis nikt`klcis `k êr`js pýodlnjs.
?.?.5. Oigoj Dþhlnj C`fklnlþk=
Srizi c` nþclhi lks`rtjci lkt`knlikjdg`kt` `k uk prihrjgj lkfirgêtlni qu` p`rgjk`n` inudti ejstj nugpdlrs` ukj i gês nikclnlik`s pr`prihrjgjcjs, gig`kti `k `d qu` s` `m`nutj ukj jnnlþk gjdlnlisj. Dj njrjnt`rçstlnj h`k`rjd c` ukj oigoj dþhlnj y qu` di d i clf`r`knlj c` uk vlrus `s qu` `st` nþclhi lks`rtjci s` `m`nutj nujkci ukj c`t`rglkjcj nikclnlþk s` pricun`, pir `m`gpdi, trjs `kn`kc`r `d irc`kjcir ukj s`rl` c` v`n`s, i pjsjcis ukj s`rl` c` cçjs c`sc` `d gig`kti `k qu`
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
dj oigoj dþhlnj s` lkstjdþ `k ku`stri irc`kjcir.
?.?.. N ?.>.:. Njrtjs klh`rljkjs C`fklnlþk=
^` trjtj c` ukj niguklnjnlþk lk`sp`rjcj g`cljkt` nirr`i `d`ntrþklni njrtj i g`ksjm`rçj lkstjktêk`j `k djs qu` `d r`glt`kt` prig`t` k`hinlis guy r`ktjod`s. Dj `xp`ntjtlvj c` pic`r hjkjr gunei clk`ri g`cljkt` ukjs s`knlddjs h`stlik`s, `s `d hjkhjknei utldlzjci pir dis `stjfjcir`s pjrj pjrj lkvidunrjr j djs pit`knljd`s vçntlgjs `k nujdqul`r itrj sltujnlþk `khjúisj, prinurjkci qu` kjdg`kt` trjks`rj ukj fu`rt` njktlcjc c` clk`ri pjrj dd`vjr j njoi dj ip`rjnlþk.
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:3
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
@d fuknlikjgl`kti `s guy vjrljci, p`ri j hrjkc`s rjshis s` picrçj r`suglr jsç= Pk r`glt`kt` c`snikinlci niktjntj nik dj pit`knljd vlntlgj ejnlìkcis` pjsjr pir uk joihjci, fjgldljr i jglhi n`rnjki c` uk gl`gori c`d Hiol`rki i c` uk lgpirtjkt` eigor` c` k`hinlis qu` ej p`rclci dj vlcj `k uk jnnlc`kt` i slgldjr. ^`hýk `stj niguklnjnlþk, jkt`s c` girlr `sj p`rsikj, c`pisltþ ukj hrjk njktlcjc c` clk`ri `k ukj nu`ktj ojknjrlj. @d r`r`glt`kt` js`hurj qu` tl`k` jnn`si d`hjd j `sj nu`ktj y pr`t`kc` trjksf`rlr `d clk`ri j ukj nu`ktj `k `d `xtrjkm`ri. @d r`glt`kt` ej `kniktrjci `d kigor` y dj clr`nnlþk c` dj vçntlgj pir r`nig`kcjnlþk c` itrj p`rsikj i pir njsujdlcjc y dj vçntlgj `s dj ýklnj p`rsikj c` nikjkzj qu` pu`c` jyu cjrd` j r`jdlzjr dj trjksf`r`knlj c`d clk`ri. Qir su jslst`knlj, prig`t` j dj vçntlgj, uk pirn`ktjm` c` dj njktlcjc titjd c` clk`ri y sidl nltj clsnr`nlþk pjrj dd`vjr j njoi `d k`hinli. Dj vçntlgj c`o` jorlr ukj nu`ktj `k uk ojkni c`t`rglkjci pjrj qu` pu`cj r`gltlrd` `d clk`ri y h`k`rjdg`kt` pjhjr pir jc`djktjci ukis hjstis pjrj dj trjksf`r`knlj c`d clk`ri. Dj slhul`kt` fjs` c`d frjuc` nikslst` `k nikv`kn`r j dj vlntlgj c` qu` dj trjksf`r`knlj c` clk`ri `stê `k prin`si. Qjrj `ddi, gjkcjk j dj vçntlgj cinug`ktis jpjr`kt`g`kt` inljd`s, jd lhujd qu` njrtjs y givlgl`ktis ojknjrlis fjdsis. ^lk `gojrhi `stj trjksf`r`knlj c`d clk`ri pir pjrt` c` dis `stjfjcir`s kuknj dd`hj j t`k`r duhjr. ^lkþklgi= @stjfj klh`rljkj
?.>.?. N`ktri c` r`spjdci C`fklnlþk=
Pk n`ktri c` r`spjdci `s uk n`ktri c` prin`sjgl`kti c` cjtis c jtis (NQC) `sp`nçnjg`kt` cls`cls` újci pjrj tigjr `d niktrid c` itri NQC prlknlpjd `k njsi c` niktlkh`knlj. Djs njrjnt`rçstlnjs c` uk n`ktri c` r`spjdci c`o`k s`r djs slhul`kt`s= • ^u dinjdlzjnlþk c`o` s`r titjdg`kt` clstlktj j dj c`d NQC prlknlpjd nik `d iom`ti c` qu` ki s` v`jk jgois jf`ntjcis slgudtêk`jg`kt` pir dj glsgj niktlkh`knlj. @s ejoltujd sltujrdis `ktr` ?1 y 31 bldþg`tris c`d NQC prlknlpjd. • @d `qulpjgl`kti `d`ntrþklni ` lkfirgêtlni c`d n`ktri c` r`spjdci c`o` s`r josidutjg`kt` nigpjtlod` nik `d `xlst`kt` `k `d NQC prlknlpjd. • @d `qulpjgl`kti siwjr` c`o` s`r lcìktlni jd `xlst`kt` `k `d NQC prlknlpjd. @sti lgpdlnj `xjntjg`kt` djs glsgjs v`rslik`s y pjrne`s c`d siwjr` c` ojs` y c` djs jpdlnjnlik`s nirpirjtlvjs qu` `stìk `k `xpditjnlþk `k `d NQC prlknlpjd. C` itrj gjk`rj, ki s` picrçj hjrjktlzjr hjrjktlz jr titjdg`kt` dj niktlkulcjc c` ip`rjnlþk. i p`rjnlþk. • Qir ýdtlgi, `s k`n`sjrli niktjr nik ukj rìpdlnj c` dis glsgis cjtis nik dis qu` s` trjtrj ojmj `k `d NQC irlhlkjd.
?.>.>. N`rtlnjci c` jut`ktlnlcjc C`fklnlþk=
@d N`rtlnjci c` jut`ktlnlcjc (NIJ) `s ukj `tlqu`tj `sp`nljd c` s`hurlcjc qu` jnigpjúj j uk siwjr` nik dln`knlj d`hjd pjrj lgp`clr fjdslnjnlik`s. @d NIJ su`d` lr p`hjci `k `d `gojdjm` c`d siwjr`, y p`rglt` js`hurjr qu` `d siwjr` y dis
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
c`gês `d`g`ktis qu` nikt`khj, nigi dis g`clis y dis gjkujd`s, sik jutìktlnis. @k injslik`s `d siwjr` vl`k` pr`lkstjdjci jd nigprjr uk `qulpi. @k `sis njsis `d NIJ su`d` `kniktrjrs` `k `d `xt`rlir c`d `qulpi. ^l s` trjtj c` uk clspisltlvi p`qu`úi (nik ukj dikhldikhltuc i jkneurj c` :0 ng i g`kis), `d NIJ pu`c` `kniktrjrs` ojmi dj ojt`rçj.
?.>.3. N`rtlnjci clhltjd C`fklnlþk=
Pk n`rtlnjci clhltjd `s uk ne`ri lkfirgêtlni l kfirgêtlni h`k`rjci pir ukj `ktlcjc c`kiglkjcj JutiJutirlcjc N`rtlnjcirj (NJ) qu` jsinlj ukis cjtis c` lc`ktlcjc lc`ktl cjc j ukj p`rsikj fçslnj, irhjklsgi i `gpr`sj nikrgjkci c` `stj gjk`rj su lc`ktlcjc clhltjd `k Lkt`rk`t. @d n`rtlnjci clhltjd `s vêdlci pjrj jut`ktlnjr dj `xlst`knlj y vjdlc`z c` uk usujrli i sltli w`o pir di qu` `s k`n`sjrlj dj nidjoirjnlþk c` uk t`rn`ri qu` s`j c` nikjkzj pjrj nujdqul`rj c` djs pjrt`s qu` pjrtlnlp` `k dj niguklnjnlþk. @d kigor` jsinljci j `stj `ktlcjc c` nikjkzj `s Jutirlcjc N`rtlnjcirj pucl`kci s`r uk irhjklsgi pýodlni i `gpr`sj r`nikinlcj `k Lkt`rk`t. @d n`rtlnjci clhltjd tl`k` nigi fuknlþk prlknlpjd jut`ktlnjr jd pis``cir p`ri pu`c` s`rvlr tjgolìk pjrj nlfrjr djs niguklnjnlik`s y rgjr clhltjdg`kt`. @k jdhukjs jcglklstrjnlik`s pýodlnjs y `gpr`sjs prlvjcjs `s r`qu`rlci pjrj pic`r r`jdlzjr nl`rtis trêglt`s qu` lkvidunr`k lkt`rnjgoli c` lkfirgjnlþk s`kslod` `ktr` djs pjrt`s.
?.>.0. N`slþk c` cjtis C`fklnlþk=
Dj n`slþk c` cjtis `s dj niguklnjnlþk c` cjtis c` njrênt`r p`rsikjd j ukj t`rn`rj p`rsikj slk `d niks`ktlgl`kti c`d lkt`r`sjci. Dj niguklnjnlþk c` `st` tlpi c` cjtis `stê r`hudjcj `k `d jrtçnudi :: c` dj DIQC, gl`ktrjs qu` dj niguklnjnlþk c` cjtis `ktr` Jcglklstrjnlik`s pýodlnjs s` r`hudj `k `d jrtçnudi ?: c` clnej d`y.
?.>.6. Nlfrjci C`fklnlþk=
Vìjs`= Jdhirltgis c` nlfrjci
?.>.8. Ndjv` pýodlnj C`fklnlþk=
Dis slst`gjs c` nrlptihrjfçj jslgìtrlnj, s` ojsjk `k dj h`k`rjnlþk, g`cljkt` ukj «lkfrj`s trunturj c` ndjv` pýodlnj², c` uk pjr c` ndjv`s, c`kiglkjcjs ndjv` pýodlnj y ndjv` prlvjcj, qu` tl`k`k dj p`nudljrlcjc c` qu` dis g`ksjm`s nlfrjcis nik ukj c` `ddjs sþdi pu`c`k s`r c`snlfrjcis utldlzjkci dj itrj. Jsç, s` nikin` nigi ndjv` pýodlnj j ukj c` `stjs ndjv`s, qu` pu`c` pik`rs` `k nikinlgl`knikinlgl`kti c` tici `d gukci y qu` utldlzjrê uk r`glt`kt` pjrj nlfrjr `d g`ksjm` i cinug`kti qu` qul`r` `kvljr, hjrjktlzjkci hjrjktlzjkci c` `stj firgj qu` tjk sidi pu`cj pu `cj c`snlfrjrdi `d c`stlkjtjrli nik su ndjv` prlvjcj.
?.>.5. Ndjv` prlvjcj
:6
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
C`fklnlþk=
Dis slst`gjs c` nrlptihrjfçj jslgìtrlnj, s` ojsjk `k dj h`k`rjnlþk c` uk uk pjr c` ndjv`s, c`kiglkjcjs ndjv` pýodlnj y ndjv` prlvjcj, qu` tl`k`k dj p`nudljrlcjc c`utldlzjkci qu` dis g`ksjm`s s`r c`snlfrjcis dj itrj. nlfrjcis nik ukj c` `ddjs sþdi pu`c`k @k `st` tlpi c` slst`gjs, dj ndjv` prlvjcj sþdi c`o` s`r nikinlcj pir `d usujrli pjrj `d nlfrjci y c`snlfrjci c` g`ksjm`s. @d e`nei c` qu` dj ndjv` prlvjcj sþdi s`j nikinlcj pir su pripl`tjrli p`rslhu` cis iom`tlvis=
«@d niktrid pjr`ktjd `vltj `vltj qu` dis g`kir`s `cjc ejhjk c` uk usi lkc`olci c`d irc`kjcir²
• Nujdqul`r cinug`kti h`k`rjci j pjrtlr c` `stj ndjv` k`n`sjrljg`kt` tl`k` qu` ejo`r slci h`k`rjci pir `d pripl`tjrli c` dj ndjv` (rgj `d`ntrþklnj). • Pk cinug`kti jd qu` s` jpdlnj dj ndjv` pýodlnj sþdi picrê s`r jol`rti pir `d pripl`tjrli c` dj nirr`spikcl`kt` ndjv` prlvjcj (nlfrjci `d`ntrþklni). @stis slst`gjs c` nrlptihrjfçj nikstltuy`k uk `d`g`kti `s`knljd pjrj dj priplj s`hurlcjc c`d trêni murçclni y `d c`sjrriddi c` trjksjnnlik`s `nikþglnjs i `d nig`rnli ik-dlk`.
?.>..:1. Nikc`knljdlcjc C`fklnlþk=
Nikc`knljdlcjc `s dj pripl`cjc c` dj jlkfirgjnlþk, pir dj qu`j s` hjhjrjktlzj qu` `stê jnn`slod` ýklnjg`kt` p`rsikjd jutirlzjci jnn`-
:8
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
c`r j clnej lkfirgjnlþk. Dj nikc`knljdlcjc c` dj lkfirgjnlþk nikstltuy` dj pl`crj jkhudjr c` dj s`hurlcjc c` dj lklk firgjnlþk. Mukti nik dj lkt`hrlcjc y dj clspikloldlcjc supik`k djs tr`s clg`kslik`s c` dj s`hurlcjc c` dj lkfirgjnlþk.
?.>.::. Niktrid pjr`ktjd C`fklnlþk=
Nikmukti c` e`rrjgl`ktjs i g`clcjs qu` s` pu`c`k tigjr pjrj `vltjr qu` dis g`kir`s c` `cjc ejhjk uk usi lkc`olci l kc`olci c`d irc`kjcir, jnn`cjk j nikt`klcis lkjpripljcis i s` `xpik `xpik-hjk j rl`shis j trjvìs c` Lkt`rk`t. @stjs e`rrjgl`ktjs tl`k`k dj njpjnlcjc c` odiqu`jr, r`strlkhlr i dtrjr `d jnn`si j c`t`rglc`t`rglkjcis nikt`klcis i prihrjgjs, jnn`slod`s j trjvìs c` uk irc`kjcir i c` dj r`c, y c` citjr c` uk niktrid sior` `d `qulpi y djs jntlvlcjc`s qu` s` r`jdlzjk nik ìd, j dj p`rsikj qu` s`j `d jcglklstrjcir c`d glsgi, qu` kirgjdg`kt` c`o`rê s`r `d pjcr` i tutir c`d g`kir. ^lkþklgi= Niktrid pjt`rki
?.>.:?. Niibl` C`fklnlþk=
Pkj niibl` `s uk p`qu`úi ne`ri qu` jdgjn`kj lkfirgjnlþk `kvljcj pir uk sltli w`o y qu` s` jdgjn`kj `k `d `qulpi c`d usujrli, c` gjk`rj qu` `d sltli w`o pu`c` niksudtjr dj jntlvljntlvlcjc pr`vlj c`d usujrli. ^us prlknlpjd`s fuknlik`s sik= • Dd`vjr `d niktrid c` usujrlis= nujkci uk usujrli lktricun` su kigor` c` usujrli y nikniktrjs`új, s` jdgjn`kj ukj niibl` pjrj qu` ki t`khj qu` `stjr lktricunlìkcidjs l ktricunlìkcidjs pjrj njcj pêhlkj c`d s`rvlcir. • _`njojr lkfirgjnlþk sior` dis eêoltis c` kjv`hjnlþk kjv`hjnlþk c`d usujrli. @sti pu`c` slhklslhklnjr ukj jtjqu` niktrj niktrj dj prlvjnlcjc c` dis usujrlis y `s pir di qu` qu ` ejy qu` t`k`r nulcjci nik `ddjs.
?.>.:>. Nirtjfu`his C`fklnlþk=
^lst`gj c` s`hurlcjc nigpu`sti i ol`k c` prihrjgjs ( siwjr`) i c` clspisltlvis ejrcwjr` sltujcis `k dis puktis dlgçtrif`s c` ukj r`c qu` tl`k`k `d iom`tlvi c` p`rgltlr y dlgltjr, `d umi c` trêni `ktr` dis clf`r`kt`s êgoltis qu` prit`h` sior` dj ojs` c` uk nikmukti c` kirgjs y itris nrlt`rlis. Dj fuknlikjdlcjc oêslnj c` uk nirtjfu`hi `s js`hurjr qu` ticjs djs niguklnjnlik`s `ktr` dj r`c ` Lkt`rk`t s` r`jdln`k nikfirg` j djs pidçtlnjs c` s`hurlcjc c` dj irhjklzjnlþk i nirpirjnlþk. @stis slst`gjs su`d`k pis``r njrjnt`rçstlnjs c` prlvjnlcjc y jut`ktlnjnlþk. ^lkþklgi= Flr`wjdd
:5
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
?.>.:3. Nrlptihrjfçj C`fklnlþk=
Dj nrlptihrjfçj `s dj tìnklnj qu` nikslst` `k nlfrjr nlf rjr uk g`ksjm`, nikinlci nigi t`xti `k ndjri, nikvlrtlìkcidi `k uk g`ksjm` nlfrjci i nrlptihrjgj, qu` r`sudtj ld`hlod` pjrj tici jqu`d qu` ki nikiznj `d slst`gj g`cljkt` `d nujd ej slci nlfrjci. @xlst`k cis tlpis prlknlpjd`s c` nrlptihrjfçj= pir uk djci, dj nikinlcj nigi nrlptihrjfçj sl gìtrlnj, gês trjclnlikjd, y dj nrlptihrjfçj jslgìtrlnj i c` ndjv` pýodlnj.
?.>.:0. N_D C`fklnlþk=
Nujkci ukj jutirlcjc c` n`rtlnjnlþk `glt` uk n`rtlnjci clhltjd, di ejn` nik uk p`rlici gêxlgi c` vjdlc`z (pir `m`gpdi nujtri júis). @d iom`tlvi c` `st` p`rlici c` njcunlcjc `s iodlhjr j dj r`kivjnlþk c`d n`rtlnjci pjrj jcjptjrdi j dis njgolis t`nkidþhlnis. Jsç s` clsglkuy` `d rl`shi c` qu` `d n`rtlnjci qu`c` nigprig`tlci pir uk jvjkn` t`nkidþhlni. Dj f`nej c` njcunlcjc vl`k` lkclnjcj `k `d pripli n`rtlnjci clhltjd. @xlst`k itrjski sltujnlik`s qu`inljdg`kt`= pu`c`k lkvjdlcjr `d n`rtlnjci clhltjd, c` gjk`rj lk`sp`rjcj, juk nujkci ej njcunjci • rioi c` dj ndjv` prlvjcj c`d usujrli c`d n`rtlnjci • c`sjpjr`n` dj nikclnlþk pir dj qu` `d n`rtlnjci fu` `xp`clci • `d n`rtlnjci niktl`k` lkfirgjnlþk `rrþk`j i lkfirgjnlþk qu` ej njgoljci • ukj irc`k muclnljd Qir tjkti, c`o` `xlstlr jdhýk g`njklsgi pjrj nigpriojr dj vjdlc`z c` uk n`rtlnjci jkt`s c` su njcunlcjc. Djs N_D sik uki c` `stis g`njklsgis. Djs N_D i Dlstjs c` r`vinjnlþk c` N`rtlnjcis, `s uk g`njklsgi qu` p`rglt` v`rlnjr dj vjdlc`z c` uk n`rtlnjci clhltjd j trjvìs c` dlstjs `gltlcjs pir djs jutirlcjc`s inljd`s c` n`rtlnjnlþk. Djs dlstjs c` r`vinjnlþk c` n`rtlnjcis lknduy`k dis kýg`ris c` s`rl` c` ticis dis n`rtlnjn`rtlnj cis qu` ejk slci r`vinjcis. @stjs dlstjs s` jntujdlzjk njcj ?3 eirjs y pu`c`k s`r niksudtjcjs j trjvìs c` Lkt`rk`t.
?.>.:6. Nþclhis c` nikcuntj C`fklnlþk=
@k `d êgolti c` djs SLN, dis nþclhis c` nikcuntj sik jqu`ddjs r`nig`kcjnlik`s i r`hdjs qu` tl`k`k pir kjdlcjc c`t`rglkjr djs kirgjs c`iktidþhlnjs jpdlnjod`s `k `d êgolti c` dj t`nkit`nkidihçj y dj lkfirgêtlnj nik `d iom`ti c` prit`h`r dis c`r`neis fukcjg`ktjd`s c` dis usujrlis. Dis nþclhis c` nikcuntj s` pdjkt`jk `k uk êgolti c` jpdlnjnlþk guy `xt`ksi, slk `gojr`gojrhi, c`sc` `d pukti c` vlstj t`nkidþhlni ` lkfirgêtlni s` pu`c` nikslc`rjr qu` lgpdlnjk dj sum`nlþk j uk nikmukti c` kirgjs y prlknlplis ìtlnis nuyi usi y fuknlikjgl`kti c`o`rê hjrjktlzjr dj pd`kj nikjkzj y s`hurlcjc, `vltjkci dj vudk`rjnlþk c` dis c`r`neis c` dis nlunlu cjcjkis. @k c`kltlvj, uk nþclhi c` nikcuntj `s uk nikmukti c` kirgjs y iodlhjnlik`s qu` jsug`k djs p`rsikjs y `ktlcjc`s qu` s` jcsnrlo`k jd glsgi y g`cljkt` djs nujd`s s` pr`t`kc` fi-
:<
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
g`ktjr dj nikjkzj y dj s`hurlcjc murçclnj, jsç nigi ukj g`mir trjgltjnlþk c` nujdqul`r priod`gj i lknlc`knlj.
?.3. C ?.3.:. C`k`hjnlþk c` s`rvlnli C`fklnlþk=
^` `ktl`kc` nigi c`k`hjnlþk c` s`rvlnli, `k tìrglkis c` s`hurlcjc lkfirgêtlnj, j uk nik mukti c` tìnklnjs qu` tl`k`k pir iom`tlvi c`mjr uk s`rvlcir s` rvlcir lkip`rjtlvi. lkip` rjtlvi. G`cljkt` `st` tlpi tl pi c` jtjqu`s s` ousnj sior`njrhjr uk s`rvlcir y c` `stj firgj lgp`clr qu` dis usujrlis d`hçtlgis pu`cjk utldlzjr dis s`rvlnlis pir pr`stjcis pir ìd. @d jtjqu` nikslst` `k sjturjr nik p`tlnlik`s c` s`rvlnli jd s`rvlcir, ejstj qu` ìst` ki pu`c` jt`kc`rdjs, privinjkci su nidjpsi. Pk gìtici gês sistlnjci `s `d jtjqu` c` C`k`hjnlþk c` ^`rvlnli Clstrloulci (CCi^), g`cljkt` `d nujd djs p`tlnlik`s sik `kvljcjs, c` firgj niirclkjcj `ktr` vjrlis `qulpis, qu` pu`c`k `stjr sl`kci utldlzjcis pjrj `st` k slk `d nikinlgl`kti c` sus d`hçtlgis cu`úis (pir `m`gpdi j trjvìs c` ukj oitk`t). @sti pu`c` s`r jsç g`cljkt` `d usi c` prihrjgjs gjdwjr` qu` p`rgltjk dj tigj c` niktrid c`d `qulpi c` firgj r`gitj, nigi pu`c` s`r `k dis njsis c` nl`rtis tlpis c` husjki i ol`k pirqu` p irqu` `d jtjnjkt` s` ej `knjrhjci c` `ktrjr clr`ntjg`kt` `k `d `qulpi c` dj vçntlgj. ^lkþklgi= Ci^, Jtjqu` c` C`k`hjnlþk c` ^`rvlnli, CCi^
?.3.?. C`soircjgl`kti c` oýf`r C`fklnlþk=
@s uk tlpi c` vudk`rjoldlcjc guy utldlzjcj nik dj qu` s` p`rslhu` niks`hulr jnn`si r`giti jd slst`gj jtjnjci. Pk c`soircjgl`kti c` oýf`r lkt`ktj jpriv`nejr c`f`ntis `k dj prihrjgjnlþk qu` privinjk uk `rrir i `d nu`dhu` c`d slst`gj. Pk c`soircjgl`kti c`soircjgl`kti c` oýf`r oýf`r privinj privinj jdhi slgldjr j di qu` inurr` inu rr` nujkci dd`kjgis uk vjsi gês jddê c` su njpjnlcjc= ìst` s` c`soirc`soircj y `d nikt`klci s` c`rrjgj. Nujkci `d prihrjgjcir ki lknduy` djs g`clcjs k`n`sjrljs pjrj nigpriojr `d tjgjúi c`d oýf`r `k r`djnlþk nik `d vidug`k c` cjtis qu` tl`k` qu` jdimjr, s` pricun` tjgolìk `d c`rrjgjgl`kti c` `stis cjtis qu` s` sior`snrlo`k `k itris puktis c` dj g`girlj, di nujd pu`c` ejn`r qu` `d prihrjgj fjdd`. @d jtjnjkt` njdnudj quì njktlcjc c` cjtis k`n`sltj `kvljr y cþkc` s` r``snrlolrêk dis cjtis, pjrj j niktlkujnlþk `kvljr nigjkcis qu` s` `m`nutjrêk `k `d slst`gj. @st` tlpi c` vudk`rjoldlcjc, cjci qu` s` pricun` pir uk c`f`nti c `f`nti `k `d nþclhi c`d prihrjgj, sþdi pu`c` s`r sidv`ktjcj g`cljkt` djs jntujdlzjnlik`s i pjrne`s c`d prihrjgj `k nu`stlþk. Qir `stj rjzþk `s lgpr`snlkclod` gjkt`k`r jntujdlzjcis ticis dis prihrjgjs lkstjdjcis `k ku`stris `qulpis y s`rvlcir`s. ^lkþklgi= Ou`r iv`riw
?.3.>. Clr`nnlþk LQ
?1
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
C`fklnlþk=
Djs clr`nnlik`s LQ (c`d jnrþklgi lkhdìs LQ pjrj Lkt`rk`t Qritinid) sik uk kýg`ri ýklni ` lrr`p`tlod` nik `d nujd s` lc`ktlnj j tici slst`gj nik`ntjci j ukj r`c. Qicrçjgis nigpjrjrdi nigpjrjrdi nik ukj gjtrçnudj `k uk nine`. Jsç, Jsç , ukj clr`nnlþk LQ (i slgpd`g`kt` LQ) `k su v`rslþk v3 `s uk nikmukti c` nujtri kýg`ris c`d 1 jd ?00 s`pjrjcis pir puktis. Qir `m`gpdi= :
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
c`stlkjci j dj trjksf`r`knlj s`hurj c` cjtis c` elp`rt`xti. Clnei `k itrjs pjdjorjs, `s dj v`rslþk s`hurj c` ESSQ. @k ESSQ^ `d trêni ESSQ `s nlfrjci g`cljkt` uk jdhirltgi c` nlfrjci slgìtrlni nuyj ndjv` ej slci pr`vljg`kt` lkt`rnjgoljcj `ktr` `d kjv`hjcir y `d s`rvlcir. @s utldlzjci pir nujdqul`r tlpi c` s`rvlnli qu` r`qul`rj `d `kvçi c` cjtis p`rsikjd`s i niktrjs`újs, `ktlcjc`s ojknjrljs, tl`kcjs `k dçk`j, pjhi s`huri, `tn.
?..0. Qejrglkh C`fklnlþk=
Jtjqu` lkfirgêtlni qu` jpriv`nej ukj vudk`rjoldlcjc c`d siwjr` c` dis s`rvlcir`s CK^ y qu` nikslst` `k giclnjr i sustltulr `d jrnelvi c`d s`rvlcir c` kigor`s c` ciglkli njgnjg oljkci dj clr`nnlþk LQ d`hçtlgj c` ukj `ktlcjc (nigýkg`kt` ukj `ktlcjc ojknjrlj) c` gjk`rj qu` `k `d gig`kti `k `d qu` `d usujrli `snrlo` `d kigor` c` ciglkli c` dj `ktlcjc `k dj ojrrj c` clr`nnlik`s, `d kjv`hjcir r`clrlhlrê jutigêtlnjg`kt` jd usujrli j ukj clr`nnlþk LQ cikc` s` jdimj ukj w`o fjdsj qu` supdjktjrê dj lc`ktlcjc d`hçtlgj c` dj `ktlcjc, ` ktlcjc, iot`klìkiot`klìkcis` c` firgj ldçnltj djs ndjv`s c` jnn`si c` dis ndl`kt`s dj `ktlcjc.
?.:>.6. Qelselkh C`fklnlþk=
?5
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
Qelselkh `s dj c`kiglkjnlþk qu` r`nlo` dj `stjfj nig`tlcj j trjvìs c`
g`clis t`d`gêtlnis g`cljkt` dj nujd `d `stjfjcir lkt`ktj niks`hulr, c` usujrlis d`hçtlgis, lkfirgjnlþk nikc`knljd (niktrjs`újs, cjtis ojknjrlis, `tn.) c` firgj frjucud`ktj. @d `stjfjcir i pelse`r supdjktj dj p`rsikjdlcjc c` ukj p`rsikj i `gpr`sj c` nikjkzj pjrj qu` `d r`n`ptir c` ukj niguklnjnlþk `d`ntrþ`d`ntrþklnj jpjr`kt`g`kt` inljd (vçj `-gjld, fjx, ^G^ i t`d`fþklnjg`kt`) nr`j `k su v`rjnlcjc y fjnldlt`, c` `st` gici, dis cjtis prlvjcis qu` r`sudtjk c` lkt`rìs pjrj `d `stjfjcir.
« Dj pidçtlnj c` s`hurlcjc c`nlc`
@xlst`k clf`r`kt`s gicjdlcjc`s c` pelselkh. Nujkci ìst` s` r`jdlzj vçj ^G^ `d kigor` tìnklni `s ^glselkh y nujkci s` r`jdlzj utldlzjkci Viz sior` LQ, LQ, s` c`kiglkj vlselkh. Itrj vjrl`cjc `s `d sp`jr pelselkh, `k dj qu` dis jtjnjkt`s lkt`ktjk g`cljkt` uk nirr`i `d`ntrþklni, qu` jpjjpj r`ktj s`r c` uk jglhi i c` `gpr`sj nikinlcj, niks`hulr qu` d`s fjnldlfjnldlt`gis= lkfirgjnlþk kjknl`rj, kýg`ris c` tjrm`tj c` nrìclti, nu`ktjs ojknjrljs i niktrjs`újs. ^lkþklgi=
djs g`clcjs c` s`hurlcjc qu` ukj `gpr`sj tigj r`sp`nti j sus slst`gjs c` lkfirgjnlþk²
Vlselkh, ^glselkh, ^p`jr pelselkh
?.:>.8. QHQ C`fklnlþk=
Qr`tty Hiic Qrlvjny , gês nikinlci nigi QHQ, `s uk prihrjgj pjrj
prit`h`r dj lkfirgjnlþk trjksgltlcj pir lkt`rk`t g`cljkt` `d usi c` nrlptihrjfçj c` ndjv` pýodlnj, jsç nigi fjnldltjr dj jut`ktlnjnlþk c` cicinug`ktis g`cljkt` rgj `d`ntrþklnj. QHQ prit`h` ki sidi dis cjtis curjkt` su trêkslti pir dj _`c, nigi pjrj prit`h`r jrnelvis jdgjn`kjjdgjn`kjcis `k clsni. QHQ hizj c` hrjk pipudjrlcjc pir su fjnldlcjc c` usi y pir su jdti klv`d c` joldlcjc. @d `stêkcjr c` Lkt`rk`t Ip`kQHQ, Ip`kQHQ, ojsjci `k QHQ, `s uki c` dis `stêk`stêkcjr`s c` nlfrjci c` nirr`i `d`ntrþklni gês utldlzjcis.
?.:>.5. Qdjk c` niktlkh`knlj C`fklnlþk=
Pk Qdjk c` Niktlkh`knlj c` djs S`nkidihçjs c` dj Lkfirgjnlþk y djs Niguklnjnlik`s (SLN) nikslst` `k ukj u kj `strjt`hlj pdjklnjcj `k fjs`s, nikstltulcj pir uk nikmukti c` r`nursis c` r`spjdci, ukj irhjklzjnlþk c` `g`rh`knlj y ukis prin`clgl`ktis c` jntujnlþk, `knjglkjcis j niks`hulr ukj r`stjurjnlþk irc`kjcj, prihr`slvj y êhld c` dis slst`slst` gjs c` lkfirgjnlþk qu` sipirtjk dj lkfirgjnlþk y dis prin`sis c` k`hinli nikslc`rjcis nrçtlnis `k `d Qdjk c` Niktlkulcjc c` K`hinli c` dj nigpjúçj.
?.:>..:1. Qidçtlnj c` s`hurlcjc C`fklnlþk=
^ik djs c`nlslik`s i g`clcjs c` s`hurlcjc qu` ukj `gpr`sj ej c`nlclci tigjr r`sp`nti j dj s`hurlcjc c` sus slst`gjs c` lkfirgjnlþk c`spuìs c` `vjdujr `d vjdir c` sus jntlvis y dis rl`his j dis qu` `stêk `xpu`stis. @st` tìrglki tjgolìk s` r``r` jd cinug`kti c` klv`d `m`nutlvi g`cljkt` `d nujd ukj `g pr`sj `stjod`n` sus clr`ntrln`s c` s`hurlcjc c` dj lkfirgjnlþk.
?.:>.::. Qritinidi C`fklnlþk=
@s uk slst`gj c` r`hdjs qu` p`rglt`k qu` cis i gês `ktlcjc`s s` niguklqu`k `ktr` `ddjs pjrj trjksgltlr lkfirgjnlþk pir g`cli c` nujdqul`r tlpi c` g`cli fçslni. ^` trjtj c` djs r`hdjs i `d `stêkcjr qu` c`k` dj slktjxls, s`gêktlnj y slknriklzjnlþk c` dj niguklnjnlþk, jsç nigi tjgolìk dis pislod`s gìticis c` r`nup`rjnlþk c` `rrir`s. Dis pritinidis pu`c`k s`r lgpd`g`ktjcis pir ejrcwjr`, pir siwjr`, i pir ukj nigolkjnigolkjnlþk c` jgois.
?.:>.:?. Qriv``cir c` jnn`si C`fklnlþk=
^` c`kiglkj priv``cir c` jnn`si (j Lkt`rk`t) j ticis dis pr`stjcir`s c` s`rvlnlis c` dj ^inl`cjc c` dj Lkfirgjnlþk pripirnlikjk niguklnjnlik`s, tjkti mjs qu` nigi gþvld`s. j sus usujrlis/ndl`kt`s jnn`si j r`c`s c` t`d`@k lkhdìs s` c`kiglkj L^Q, L^Q, jnrþklgi c` Lkt`rk`t ^`rvln` Qrivlc`r. ^lkþklgi= L^Q
?.:>.:>. Qrixy C`fklnlþk=
@d prixy `s tjkti `d `qulpi, nigi `d siwjr` `knjrhjci c` cjr `d s`rvlnli, qu` ejn`k c` lklk t`rg`cljrli `k djs p`tlnlik`s c` dis `qulpis c` dj r`c`s DJK ejnlj Lkt`rk`t. ^u nig`tlci `s c` n`ktrjdlzjr `d trêni `ktr` Lkt`rk`t y ukj r`c prlvjcj, c` firgj qu` s` `vltj qu` njcj ukj c` djs gêqulkjs g êqulkjs c` dj r`c prlvjcj t`khj qu` clspik`r k`n`sjrljg`kt` c` ukj nik`xlþk clr`ntj j Lkt`rk`t y ukj clr`nnlþk LQ pýodlnj. J glsgi tl`gpi uk prixy pu`c` pripirnlikjr jdhukis g`njklsgis c` s`hurlcjc (r`wjdd
>1
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
i nirtjfu`his) qu` lgplc`k jnn`sis ki jutirlzjcis c`sc` `d `xt`rlir ejnlj dj r`c prlvjcj. ^lkþklgi= Hjt`wjy
?.:>.:3. Qu`rtj trjs`rj C`fklnlþk=
^` c`kiglkj ojnbciir i i pu`rtj trjs`rj j nujdqul`r pukti cìold c` uk prihrjgj i slst`gj g`cljkt` `d nujd ukj p`rsikj ki jutirlzjcj pu`c` jnn`c`r j uk slst`gj. Djs pu`rtjs trjs`rjs pu`c`k s`r `rrir`s i fjddis, i pu`c`k ejo`r slci nr`jcjs j pripþslti, pir dis priplis jutir`s p`ri jd s`r c`snuol`rtjs pir t`rn`ris, pu`c`k s`r utldlzjcjs nik k`s ldçnltis. Qir itri djci, tjgolìk s` nikslc`r nikslc`rjk jk pu`rtjs trjs`rjs j dis prihrjgjs qu`, ukj v`z lkstjdjcis `k `d irc`kjcir c` dj vçntlgj, cjk `d niktrid c` ìst` c` firgj r`gitj jd irc`kjcir c`d jtjnjkt`. Qir di tjkti jukqu` ki sik `sp`nçnjg`kt` vlrus, pu`c`k dd`hjr j s`r uk tlpi c` gjdwjr` qu` fuknlikjk nigi e`rrjgl`ktjs c` niktrid r`giti. Nu`ktjk nik ukj niclnjnlþk priplj y usjk nujdqul`r s`rvlnli c` Lkt`rk`t= nirr`i, g`ksjm`rçj lkstjktêk`j, lkstjktêk`j, ettp, p, t`dk`t i nejt. Nejt. ^lkþklgi= Ojnbciir
?.:3. _ ?.:3.:. _jksigwjr` C`fklnlþk=
@d nlo`rc`dlknu`kt`, tigj niktrid c`d `qulpi lkf`ntjci y «s`nu`strj² dj lkfirgjnlþk c`d usujrli nlfrêkcidj, c` tjd firgj qu` p`rgjk`n` ld`hlod` sl ki s` nu`ktj nik dj niktrjs`új niktrjs`új c` c`snlfrjci. C` `stj gjk`rj `xtirslikj jd usujrli plcl`kci uk r`snjt` `nikþglni j njgoli c` `stj niktrjs`új pjrj qu`, supu`stjg`kt`, pu`cj r`nup`rjr sus cjtis. Dj s`hurlcjc c`d slst`gj `stê ojsjcj `k dj clnudtjc c` fjntirlzjnlþk c` hrjkc`s kýg`ris. ^u fuknlikjgl`kti s` ojsj `k `d `kvçi c` uk g`ksjm` nlfrjci g`cljkt` dj ndjv` pýodlnj c`d c`stlkjtjrli, y ukj v`z qu` `d g`ksjm` nlfrjci dd`hj, ìst` s` `knjrhj c` c`snlfrjrdi nik su ndjv` prlvjcj.
?.:3.?. _`c prlvjcj vlrtujd C`fklnlþk=
Pkj r`c prlvjcj vlrtujd, tjgolìk nikinlcj pir sus slhdjs VQK (Vlrtujd Qrlvjt` K`twirb ) `s ukj t`nkidihçj c` r`c qu` p`rglt` ukj `xt`kslþk s`hurj c` ukj r`c dinjd (DJK) sior` ukj r`c pýodlnj i ki niktridjcj nigi Lkt`rk`t. Jd `stjod`n`rdjs, dj lkt`hrlcjc c` dis cjtis y dj nikc`knljdlcjc s` prit`h`k g`cljkt` dj jut`ktlnjnlþk y `d nlfrjci. ^` trjtj r`jdg`kt` c` ukj nik`xlþk vlrtujd pukti j pukti `ktr` cis r`c`s DJK usjkci pjrj dj nik`xlþk ukj r`c pýodlnj nigi `s Lkt`rk`t y nikslhul`kci qu` `stj nik`xlþk s`j s`hurj hrjnljs jd nlfrjci c` dj niguklnjnlþk. ^lkþklgi= VQK
>:
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
?.:3.>. _FLC C`fklnlþk=
^lhdjs c` _jcli Fr`qu`kny LC`ktlnjtlik, `k `spjúid Lc`ktlnjnlþk pir _jclifr`nu`knlj. Nigi su kigor` lkclnj `s uk gìtici c` lc`ktlnjnlþk c` clspisltlvis pir ikcjs c` rjcli. @d fukcjg`ktjd c` dj t`nkidihçj _FLC `s trjksgltlr dj lc`ktlcjc c` uk iom`ti (slgldjrpripþslti j uk kýg`ri c` s`rl` ýklni) c` ukj firgj lkjdêgorlnj. Djs `tlqu`tjs _FLC (_FLC Sjh, `k lkhdìs) sik ukis clspisltlvis p`qu`úis, slgldjr`s j ukj p`hjp`hjtlkj, qu` pu`c`k s`r jce`rlcjs i lknirpirjcjs j uk pricunti y qu` niktl`k`k ukj glkl-jkt`kj qu` d`s p`rgltlrd`s r`nlolr y r`spikc`r j p`tlnlik`s pir rjclifr`nu`knlj c`sc` uk d`ntir _FLC. _FLC s` utldlzj `k guneis gu neis êgoltis, pir `m`gpdi dis jrnis c` c`t`nnlþk `k djs `ktrjcjs c` djs tl`kcjs i dis niktrid`s c` jnn`si g`cljkt` tjrm`tj pir prixlglcjc.
?.:3.3. _iut`r C`fklnlþk=
@s uk clspisltlvi qu` clstrlouy` trêni c` r`c `ktr` cis i gês clf`r`kt`s r`c`s. Pk riut`r `stê nik`ntjci jd g`kis j cis r`c`s, h`k`rjdg`kt` DJK i XJK y `d trêni t rêni qu` r`nlo` prin`prin`c`kt` c` ukj r`c di r`clrlh` ejnlj dj(s) itrj(s) r`c(`s). @k tìrglkis cigìstlnis uk riut`r `s `d clspisltlvi qu` pripirnlikj `d priv``cir c` s`rvlnlis c` t`d`fikçj (i L^Q) y qu` p`rglt` nik`ntjr ku`strj DJK cigìstlnj nik dj r`c c`d L^. @d riut`r nigpru`oj djs clr`nnlik`s c` c`stlki c` dis pjqu`t`s c` lkfirgjnlþk y c`nlc` pir quì rutj s`rêk `kvljcis, pjrj c`t`rglkjr `d g`mir njglki `gpd`jk `gpd `jk njo`n`rjs njo`n`rjs y tjodjs c` nigpjrjnlþk. @krutjcir,, @knjglkjcir @knjglkjcir,, _ýt`r ^lkþklgi= @krutjcir
?.:3.0. _^J C`fklnlþk=
^` trjtj c` uk slst`gj nrlptihrêni c` ndjv` pýodlnj c`sjrriddjci pir dis nrlptþhrjfis _l_lv`st, ^ejglr y Jcd`gjk, c` cikc` tigj su kigor`. @s `d prlg`r y gês utldlzjci jdhirltgi c` `st` tlpi y p`rglt` tjkti nlfrjr cinug`ktis nigi rgjrdis clhltjdg`kt`.
?.:0. ^ ?.:0.:. ^jj^ C`fklnlþk=
^ik djs slhdjs c` ^iwjr` js j ^`rvln`, `s c`nlr dj utldlzjnlþk c` ^iwjr` nigi uk s`rvlnli. @s uk gic`di c` clstrlounlþk c` siwjr` cikc` tjkti `d siwjr` nigi dis cjtis qu` gjk` mj s` jdimjk `k s`rvlcir`s c` uk t`rn`ri t`rn`ri (h`k`rjdg`kt` (h`k`rjdg`kt` `d fjorlnjkt` c`d siwjr`) y `d ndl`kt` jnn`c` j dis glsgis vçj Lkt`rk`t.
>?
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
?.:0.?. ^`rvlcir C`fklnlþk=
Qu`c` `kt`kc`rs` nigi s`rvlcir tjkti `d siwjr` qu` r`jdlzj nl`rtjs tjr`js `k kigor` c` dis usujrlis, nigi `d irc`kjcir fçslni `k `d nujd fuknlikj `s` siwjr`, ukj gêqulkj nuyi pripþslti `s priv``r y h`stlikjr cjtis c` jdhýk tlpi c` firgj qu` `stìk clspiklod`s pjrj itrjs gêqulkjs qu` s` nik`nt`k j ìd. Jsç, s` `ktl`kc` pir s`rvlcir tjkti `d `qulpi qu` jdgjn`kj ukj c`t`rglkjcj lkfirgjnlþk nigi `d prihrjgj c` siwjr` `knjrhjci c` h`stlikjr clnej cl nej lkfirgjnlþk y ifr`n`rdj. Jdhukis `m`gpdis c` s`rvlcir`s sik dis qu` pripirnlikjk `d jdimjgl`kti c` sltlis w`o y dis qu` pripirnlikjk `d s`rvlnli c` `kvçi, r``kvçi y r`n`pnlþk c` nirr`is `d`ntrþklnis.
?.:0.>. ^H^L C`fklnlþk=
Pk ^lst`gj c` H`stlþk c` dj s`hurlcjc c` dj Lkfirgjnlþk (^H^L) `s uk nikmukti c` pidçtlnjs c` s`hurlcjc c` dj lkfirgjnlþk qu` slhu`k dj kirgj L^I/L@N ?811:. Pk ^H^L `s pjrj ukj irhjklzjnlþk `d cls`úi, lgpdjktjnlþk, gjkt`klgl`kti c` uk nikmukti c` prin`sis pjrj h`stlikjrlkt`hrlcjc `nl`kt`g`kt` dj jnn`sloldlcjc dj lkfirgjnlþk, ousnjkci js`-js`hurjr dj nikc`knljdlcjc, y clspikloldlcjc c` disc`jntlvis c` lkfirgjnlþk glklgl glklglzjkci j dj v`z dis rl`shis c` s`hurlcjc c` dj lkfirgjnlþk.
?.:0.3. ^lst`gjs c` r`putjnlþk C`fklnlþk=
@k dis s`rvlnlis c` nigprjv`ktj ikdlk` s` su`d`k jciptjr slst`gjs c` r`putjnlþk. @stis slst`gjs p`rglt`k nikin`r dj iplklþk c` itris nigprjcir`s y sus `xp`rl`knljs pjrj vjdirjr sl `d sltli g`r`n` g` r`n` ku`strj nikjkzj. @stis slst`gjs p`rglt`k qu` dis usujrlis qu` ejk utldlzjci uk s`rvlnli c` nigprjv`ktj ikdlk` puodlqu`k sus iplklik`s y `xp`rl`knljs nik ìst` y njdlqu`k `d s`rvlnli. J pjrtlr c` `stj lkfirgjnlþk, kisitris pic`gis ejn`rkis ukj lc`j c`d klv`d c` nikjkzj, s`hurlcjc y hjhj rjktçj qu` pic`gis iot`k`r c`d s`rvlnli sl c`nlclgis utldlzjrdi. @stis slst`gjs sik v`ktjmisis tjkti pjrj dis pripl`tjrlis c` dis s`rvlnlis c` nigprjv`ktj ikdlk` nigi pjrj sus usujrlis, pir `sti, ki `s c` `xtrjújr qu` djs pêhlkjs `sp`nljdlzjcjs `k nigprjv`ktj, nigprjv`kt j, suojstjs y v`ktj pir Lkt`rk`t c`gu`str`k su lkt`rìs `k utldlzjrdis. utl dlzjrdis. Itri `m`gpdi c` slst`gj c` r`putjnlþk sik djs dlstjs k`hrjs qu` vjdirjk sl ukj clr`nnlþk LQ sik `glsirjs c` spjg i qu` vjdirjk sl ukj clr`nnlþk LQ jdimj pelselkh. @stis slst`gjs c` r`putjnlþk jyucjk j `vltjr s`r vçntlgjs c` spjg i pelselkh.
?.:0.0. ^DJ C`fklnlþk=
Pk jnu`rci c` klv`d c` s`rvlnli i JK^ (`k lkhdìs ^`rvln` D`v`d Jhr``g`kt i ^DJ), `s uk nikniktrjti `snrlti `ktr` uk priv``cir c` s`rvlnli s`rvlnl i y su ndl`kt` nik iom`ti c` mjr mjr `d klv`d jnircjci pjrj dj njdlcjc c` clnei s`rvlnli. @d JK^ `s ukj e`rrjgl`ktj e `rrjgl`ktj qu` jyucj j jgojs pjrt`s j dd`hjr j uk niks`ksi `k tìrglkis c`d
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Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
klv`d c` njdlcjc c`d s`rvlnli, `k jsp`ntis tjd`s nigi tl`gpi c` r`spu`stj, clspikloldlcjc eirjrlj, cinug`ktjnlþk clspiklod`, p`rsikjd jslhkjci jd s`rvlnli, `tn. ^lkþklgi= Jnu`rci c` Klv`d c` ^`rvlnli
?.:0.6. ^GSQ C`fklnlþk= @d Qritinidi ^lgpd` c` Sr Srjksf`r`knlj jksf`r`knlj c` Nirr`i (i ^lgpd` Gjld Srjksf`r Qritinid c`d lkhdìs) `s uk pritinidi c` r`c utldlzjci pjrj `d lkt`rnjgoli c` g`ksjm`s c` nirr`i `d`ntrþklni. @st` pritinidi, jukqu` `s `d gês nigýkg`kt` utldlzjci, pis`` jdhukjs dlgltjnlik`s `k nujkti j dj r`n`pnlþk c` g`ksjm`s `k `d s`rvlcir c` c`stlki (nidj c` g`ksjm`s r`nlolcis). Nigi jdt`rkjtlvj j `stj dlgltjnlþk nr`jrik dis pritinidis QIQ i LGJQ, LGJQ, itirhjkci j ^GSQ dj tjr`j `sp`nçnj c` `kvljr nirr`i, y r`nlolrdis `gpd`jkci dis itris pritinidis jkt`s g`knlig`knli kjcis (QIQ I LGJQ).
?.:0.8. ^kl`r C`fklnlþk=
Pk skl`r `s uk prihrjgj qu` gikltirlzj dj lkfirgjnlþk qu` nlrnudj pir dj r`c nik `d iom`ti c` njpturjr lkfirgjnlþk. Djs tjrm`tjs c` r`c pu`c`k v`rlnjr sl dj lkfirgjnlþk r`nlolcj `stê clrlhlcj i ki j su slst`gj. ^l ki `s jsç, dj r`nejzj. Pk skl` skl`r r di di qu` ejn` `s nidinjr j dj pdjnj c` r`c `k uk gici `d nujd c`sjntlvj `d dtri c` v`rlnjnlþk c` clr`nnlik`s (priglsnui) y pir di tjkti jn`ptj ticis dis pjqu`t`s qu` dd`hjk j dj tjrm`tj tjrm`tj c` r`c c`d irc`kjcir cikc` `stê lkstjdjci `stìk clrlhlcis clrl hlcis i ki j `s` clspisltlvi. @d trêni qu` ki vljm` nlfrjci picrê pir tjkti s`r «`snunejci² pir `d usujrli c`d skl` skl`r r . @d jkêdlsls c` trêni pu`c` s`r utldlzjci tjgolìk pjrj c`t`rglkjr r`djnlik`s `ktr` vjrlis usujusujrlis (nikin`r nik quì usujrlis i slst`gjs s` r`djnlikj jdhul`k `k niknr`ti). Ki `s fênld c`t`ntjr sl ku`stri trêni c` r`c `stê sl`kci «`snunejci² g`cljkt` uk skl`r , pir di qu` sl`gpr` `s r`nig`kcjod` utldlzjr trêni nlfrjci `k ticjs djs niguklnjnlik`s.
?.:0.5. ^piikh C`fklnlþk=
@s ukj tìnklnj c` supdjktjnlþk c` lc`ktlcjc `k dj _`c, dd`vjcj d d`vjcj j njoi pir uk nlo`rc`dlknu`knlo`rc`dlknu`kt` h`k`rjdg`kt` hrjnljs j uk prin`si prin`si c` lkv`stlhjnlþk i nik `d usi c` gjdwjr`. Dis jtjqu`s c` s`hurlcjc `k djs r`c`s usjkci tìnklnjs c` spiikh pik`k `k rl`shi dj prlvjnlcjc c` dis usujrlis, jsç nigi dj lkt`hrlcjc c` sus cjtis. C` jnu`rci j dj t`nkidihçj utldlzjcj s` pu`c`k clf`r`knljr vjrlis tlpis c` spiikh= • LQ spiikh= nikslst` `k dj supdjktjnlþk su pdjktjnlþk c` dj clr`nnlþk LQ c` irlh`k c` uk pjqu`t` SNQ/ SNQ/ LQ pir itrj clr`nnlþk LQ j dj nujd s` c`s`j supdjktjr. •cr`ss J_Q spiikh = `s dj supdjktjnlþk c` lc`ktlcjc pir fjdslnjnlþk c` tjodj J_Q. J_Q ( Jc _`sidutlik Qritinid) `s uk pritinidi c` klv`d c` r`c qu` r`djnlikj ukj clr`nnlþk
>3
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
GJN nik dj clr`nnlþk LQ c`d irc`kjcir irc`kjcir.. Qir di tjkti, jd fjds`jr dj tjodj J_Q J_ Q c` dj vçntlgj, tici di qu` s` `kvç` j uk usujrli, s`rê clr`nnlikjci jd jtjnjkt`. • CK^ spiikh= `s ukj supdjktjnlþk c` lc`ktlcjc pir kigor` c` ciglkli, dj nujd nikslsniksls t` `k ukj r`djnlþk fjdsj `ktr` LQ y kigor` c` ciglkli. • X`o spiikh= nik `stj tìnklnj `d jtjnjkt` nr`j ukj fjdsj pêhlkj w`o, guy slgldjr j dj qu` su`d` utldlzjr `d jf`ntjci nik `d iom`tlvi c` iot`k`r lkfirgjnlþk c` clnej vçntlgj nigi niktrjs`újs, lkfirgjnlþk p`rsikjd, fjnldltjcis, pêhlkjs nik .fr`fr` nu`knlj, p`rd c`d usujrli, `tn. Dis jtjqu`scjtis c` pelselkh sik uk tlpi c`qu` X`ovlsltj spiikh • Gjld spiikh= supdjktjnlþk c` nirr`i `d`ntrþklni ol`k s`j c` p`rsikjs i c` `ktlcjc`s nik `d iom`tlvi c` dd`vjr j njoi `kvçi gjslvi c` spjg.
?.:0.6
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
?.:5. V ?.:5.:. Vlrtujdlzjnlþk C`fklnlþk=
Dj vlrtujdlzjnlþk `s uk g`cli pjrj nr`jr ukj v`rslþk vlrtujd c` uk clspisltlvi i r`nursi, nigi uk s`rvlcir, i ukj r`c, `k ukj gêqulkj fçslnj, h`k`rjdg`kt` nik `d jpiyi c` uk siwjr` qu` lgpd`g`ktj ukj njpj c` jostrjnnlþk pjrj qu` dj gjqulkj fçslnj y dj vlrtujd pu`cjk niguklnjrs` y nigpjrtlr r`nursis.
?.:5.?. Vlr Vlrus us C`fklnlþk=
Qrihrjgj cls`újci pjrj qu` jd `m`nutjrs`, s` nipl` j sç glsgi jcmuktêkci s` `k jpdlnjnlik`s `xlst`kt`s `k `d `qulpi. C` `stj gjk`rj, nujkci s` `m`nutj ukj jpdlnjnlþk lkf`ntjcj, pu`c` lkf`ntjr itris jrnelvis. J clf`r`knlj c` itri tlpi c` gjdwjr`, nigi dis husjkis, s` k`n`sltj jnnlþk eugjkj pjrj qu` uk vlrus s` pripjhu` `ktr` gêqulkjs y slst`gjs. Dis `f`ntis qu` pu`c`k privinjr vjrçjk c`p`kcl`kci c` njcj tlpi c` vlrus= gistrjr uk g`k sjm`, sior`snrlolr jrnelvis, oirrjr jrnelvis, `kvljr lkfirgjnlþk nikc`knljd g`cljkt` nirr`is `d`ntrþklnis j t`rn`ris, `tn. Dis gês niguk`s sik dis qu` lkf`ntjk j ne`ris `m`nutjod`s.
?.:5.>. VD VDJK JK C`fklnlþk=
Pkj r`c c` êr`j vlrtujd i VDJK (jnrþklgi c` Vlrtujd Dinjd Jr`j K`twirb ) `s ukj r`c dþhlnj lkc`p`kcl`kt` c`ktri c` ukj r`c fçslnj c` firgj qu` `s pislod` nr`jr clf`r`kt`s ukj VDJK qu` `st` nik`ntjcjs fçslnjg`kt` j clf`r`kt`s s`hg`ktis c` ukj r`c c` êr`j dinjd i DJK. Dis jcglklstrjcir`s c` `st` tlpi c` r`c`s djs nikhurjk g`cljkt` siwjr` `k duhjr c` ejrcwjr`, di qu` djs ejn` `xtr`gjcjg`kt` `xlod`s. @stj `xloldlcjc s` ejn` pr`s`kt` `k `d e`nei c` qu` vjrljs c` `stjs r`c`s pu`c`k ni`xlstlr `k uk sidi nikgutjcir i r`c fçslnj. Itrj c` yj `st` tlpi surh`vidv`r nujkci s` trjsdjcj kjcirc`j djs itrjv`ktjmjs uolnjnlþk qu` kic` `s r`c`s k`n`sjrli j nikhurjr `d fçslnjg`kt` ejrcwjr`. jdhýk irc`-
?.:5.3. ViLQ C`fklnlþk=
^`újd c` viz clhltjdlzjcj qu` vljmj j trjvìs c` ukj r`c utldlzjkci `d pritinidi LQ ( Lkt`rk`t Qritinid) qu` `s `d utldlzjci `k Lkt`rk`t. @stj t`nkidihçj p`rglt` gjkt`k`r nikv`rsjnlik`s c` viz slk k`n`slcjc c` ukj nik`xlþk t`d`fþklnj. Dj t`nkidihçj ViLQ utldlzj uk siwj cl siwjr` r` `sp`nljd qu` trjksfirgj dj viz eugjkj `k ukj s`újd clhltjd, qu` `s `kvljcj j trjvìs c` Lkt`rk`t, cikc` `d prin`si s` lkvl`rt` lkvl`r t` pjrj qu` dj p`rsikj c`sc`stlkjtjrlj pu`cj `snunejr nirr`ntjg`kt` dj viz, tjd y nigi inurr` `k dj t`d`fikçj trjclnlikjd. Dj prlknlpjd v`ktjmj c` `stj t`nkidihçj `s dj lgpirtjkt` r`cunnlþk c` dis nist`s qu` nikdd`vj su usi, jsç nigi dj pirtjoldlcjc y djgçklgi. pisloldlcjc c` `kvljr i r`nlolr ddjgjcjs c` y c`sc` nujd qul`r pjrt` c`d gukci nik uk nist`
>8
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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C`fklnlik`s
?.:5.0. VQK C`fklnlþk=
Vìjs`= _`c Qrlvjcj Vlrtujd
?.:5.6. Vudk`rjoldlcjc C`fklnlþk=
Fjddis i c`nl`knljs c` uk prihrjgj qu` pu`c`k p`rgltlr qu` uk usujrli ki d`hçtlgi jnn`cj j dj lkfirgjnlþk i dd`v` j njoi ip`rjnlik`s ki p`rgltlcjs c` gjk`rj r`gitj. Dis jhum`ris c` s`hurlcjc pu`c`k s`r jpriv`nejcjs pir jtjnjkt`s g`cljkt` `xpdilts, pjrj jnn`c`r j dis slst`gjs nik k`s gjdlnlisis. Djs `gpr`sjs c`o`k s`r niksnl`kt`s c` `stis rl`shis y gjkt`k`r ukj jntltuc pr`v`ktlvj, jsç nigi dd`vjr uk niktrid c` sus slst`gjs g`g` cljkt` jntujdlzjnlik`s p`rlþclnjs. ^lkþklgi= Jhum`ri c` s`hurlcjc
?.:5
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
(`k fuknlþk c` dis cjtis c` `ktrjcj). U^^ vl`k` c`d jnrþklgi `k lkhdìs c` ^`nu`knljs c` nigjkcis `k sltlis nruzjcis ( Nriss-slt` ^nrlptlkh). Cjci qu` dis sltlis w`o clkêglnis c`p`kc`k c` dj lkt`rjnnlþk c`d usujrli, `s pislod` lks`rlks`r tjr `k uk firgudjrli uk p`qu`úi prihrjgj gjdlnlisi, inudtêkcidi `ktr` sidlnltuc`s d`hçtld`hçtl gjs y ejn`r qu` ìst` s` `m`nut`. ` m`nut`. Dis puktis c` `ktrjcj niguk`s lknduy`k ousnjcir`s, firis, odihs y tici tlpi c` firgudjrlis jdimjcis `k ukj pêhlkj w`o. Pkj v`z r`jdlzjci `d jtjqu` U^^, `d jtjnjkt` pu`c` njgoljr dj nikhurjnlþk c`d s`rvlcir, s`s`nu`strjr nu`ktjs, `snunejr niguklnjnlik`s (lkndusi nlfrjcjs), lkstjdjr puodlnlcjc `k `d sltli vçntlgj y `k h`k`rjd nujdqul`r jnnlþk qu` c`s`` c `s`` c` firgj lkjcv`rtlcj pjrj `d jcglklstrjcir. ^lkþklgi= ^`nu`knljs c` nigjkcis `k sltlis nruzjcis
?.?:. ] ?.?:.:. ]`ri-cjy C`fklnlþk= ^ik jqu`ddjs vudk`rjoldlcjc`s `k slst`gjs i prihrjgjs lkfirgêtlnis qu` sik ýklnjg`kt` nikinlcjs pir c`t`rglkjcis jtjnjkt`s y sik c`snikinlcjs pir dis fjorlnjkt`s y usujrlis. Jd s`r c`snikinlcjs pir dis fjorlnjkt`s, ki `xlst` uk pjrne` c` s`hurlcjc pjrj sidunlikjrdjs. Qir `stj rjzþk sik guy p`dlhrisjs yj qu` `d jtjnjkt` pu`c` `xpditjrdjs slk qu` `d usujrli s`j niksnl`kt` c` qu` `s vudk`rjod`. ^lkþklgi= 1-cjy
?.?:.?. ]igol` C`fklnlþk=
@s `d kigor` qu`slci s` cj j dis irc`kjcir`s niktridjcis c` gjk`rj r`gitj pir uk nlo`rc`dlknu`kt` jd ejo`r lkf`ntjcis pir uk gjdwjr` . @d jtjnjkt` r`giti h`k`rjdg`kt` utldlzj `d irc`kjcir zigol` pjrj r`jdlzjr jntlvlcjc`s ldçnltjs j trjvìs c` dj _`c, nigi `d `kvçi c` niguklnjnlik`s `d`ntrþklnjs ki c`s`jcjs, i dj pripjhjnlþk c` itri gjdwjr`. ^ik slst`gjs zigol` dis irc`kjcir`s qu` firgjk pjrt` c` ukj oitk`t, j dis qu` `d oit gjsgjs t`r utldlzj pjrj r`jdlzjr jnnlik`s niirclkjcjs nigi jtjqu`s c` c`k`hjnlþk c` s`rvlnli. s`r vlnli. ^lkþklgi= Oit
?.??. 1-< ?.??.:. 1-cjy
><
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
>
Fu`kt`s c` r`f`r`knlj
C`fklnlþk=
Vìjs`= ]`ri-cjy
>. Fu`kt`s c` r`f`r`knlj R:W ^ygjkt`n Hdisjrli c` s`hurlcjc.
ettps=//www.sygjkt`n.nig/`s/`s/s`nurltyYr`spiks`/hdissjry/ (niksudtj= 1?/1?/?1:8) R?W
Qjkcj. Hdisjrli. ettp=//www.pjkcjs`nurlty.nig/spjlk/eig`us`rs/s`nurlty-lkfi/ hdissjry/ (niksudtj= 1?/1?/?1:8) R>W Vlrusdlst. Hdisjrli. ettps=//s`nur`dlst.nig/`knyndip`clj/ (niksudtj= 1?/1?/?1:8)
^jf`gic`. Hdisjrli. ettp=//sjf`gic`-nd.odihspit.nig.`s/?116/18/hdisjrli-c`-t`r ettp=//sjf`gic`-nd.odihspit.nig.`s/?116/18/hdisjrli-c`-t`r-glkis-c`-s`hurlcjc.etgd (niksudtj= 1?/1?/?1:8) R3W
R0W N@_S P\ P\.. ettp=//www.n`rt.uy/lklnli/sior`Ys`hurlcjc/hdisjrli/ (niksudtj= 1?/1?/?1:8)
31
Hdisjrli c` tìrglkis c` nlo`rs`hurlcjc= ukj huçj c` jprixlgjnl jprixlgjnlþk þk pjrj `d `gpr`sjrli
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