Global Title Translation
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Description
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Global Title Translation
Contents 1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3
Routing without global title translation Routing with global title translation Why global title translation? Examples of global title translation Global title translation SCCP calling and called party addresses Where is global title translation done? Message flows Administration of global title translation Application examples Network-internal location update Mobile terminating call International location update
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Global Title Translation
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
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Routing without global title translation
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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Global Title Translation
Link-by-link signaling is always used for traffic channel-oriented connections. In other words, the problem of addressing destination points in an unknown network does not occur with this kind of signaling. However, the problem of network gateways also exists in this case because the addressing in CCS7 is only possible within one network (NAT0/ NAT1/ INAT0). This does not present too many difficulties though, as the messages are evaluated and regenerated at user level (e.g., ISUP) in each switching center the traffic channels pass through. For this reason, at network gateways from e.g. the network NAT0 to the network NAT1, the incoming message from NAT0 is received and evaluated in the standard routing database, CR CPT CR DEST CR ROUTE CR TGRP CR TRUNK regenerated and sent to the signaling point defined using ENTRC7TGREL: DPC= , TGNO=.,NETIND=NAT1. In other words, signaling points that cover network gateways must have an OPC for different signaling networks.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Dialing Info Dialing Info SIEMENS
SIEMENS
ENTR ENTR C7TGREL: C7TGREL: DPC= DPC= NETIND= NETIND=
Origin Net
Dialing Info
Dialing Info Dialing Info
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
ENTR ENTR C7TGREL: C7TGREL: DPC= DPC= NETIND= NETIND=
SIEMENS
Dialing Info Dialing Info
SIEMENS
Destination Net SIEMENS
ENTR ENTR C7TGREL: C7TGREL: DPC= DPC= NETIND= NETIND=
SIEMENS
Signaling Circuit
Fig. 1 Routing without global title translation
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Global Title Translation
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Global Title Translation
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Routing with global title translation
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Global Title Translation
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2.1
Why global title translation?
The CCS7 signaling method identifies the destination and the origin of a signaling message by using signaling point codes (SPCs). Since a signaling point code has got 14 bits only, it is too small to address all signaling points worldwide unambiguously. For this reason, signaling point codes are always combined with a network indicator NI – which means that a code is only ever valid in one particular signaling network. To facilitate unambiguous global addressing, a unique international address or sender information is necessary. This global address is known as the global title and is sent in the SCCP called- and calling party address of CCS7 messages. Since SPCs are only valid within individual networks, so-called global title translation must be performed at each relevant network gateway. The SCCP performs the global title translation, whereby an internationally unique address (global title) is translated into an SPC and network indicator in order to be transferred to the network border, or to a destination if it is located in the same network. Global title translation is always used if no SPC for the destination is available at all. For example, the HLR has to be identified on the basis of the IMSI or the VLR/MSC on the basis of the VLRISD.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
No SPC
Siemens
NAT0 100
Global GlobalTitle Title
NAT0 200 300 NAT0
DPC DPC&& NETIND NETIND
NAT0
NAT0 300 NAT1 100
NAT1
SPC=200 NETIND=NAT0
Global GlobalTitle Title
300 NAT1
?
DPC DPC&& NETIND NETIND
SPC=200 NETIND=NAT0
NAT1 300 Global GlobalTitle Title NAT0 400 DPC DPC&& NETIND NETIND
200 NAT0
NAT0 200
NAT0 100
NAT0
Fig. 2 Why global title translation?
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Global Title Translation
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2.2
Examples of global title translation
Location update The visitor location register (VLR) requests the HLR for the subscriber data. The home location register (HLR) is determined by the IMSI (global title). The MCC and the MNC indicate if the HLR is from the home or from a foreign PLMN. The first digits of the MSIN identify the HLR within the PLMN. If the mobile subscriber has changed the VLR area, the HLR cancels the location in the old VLR. The old VLR is determined by the VLRISD (global title), stored in the subscriber's mobility data.
Mobile terminating call The gateway MSC (GMSC) requests routing information from the HLR (interrogation). The HLR is determined by the dialed MSISDN (global title). The CC and NDC indicate if the HLR is from the own or from a foreign PLMN. The first digits of the SN identify the HLR within the PLMN. The HLR then requests the VLR for an MSRN. The VLR is determined by the VLRISD (global title).
Triple request The VLR requests new authentication triples from the HLR. The HLR is determined by the IMSI (global title).
Inter MSC handover The old MSC requests a handover to a new MSC. The new MSC is determined by the MSCID (global title).
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
VLR/ MSC IMSI
SIEMENS
Location Update
SIEMENS
HLR
DPC NETIND
Location Update SIEMENS
SIEMENS
VLR/ MSC MSISDN
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SRI
HLR DPC NETIND
VLRISD
DPC NETIND
Mobile Terminating Call
PRN
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
VLR/ MSC
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
VLR/ MSC IMSI
SIEMENS
Triple Request
SIEMENS
HLR
DPC NETIND
Triple Request SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Old MSC
SIEMENS
Handover
SIEMENS
new MSC
Handover Request
MSCID
DPC NETIND
Fig. 3 Examples of global title administration
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Global Title Translation
Siemens
2.2.1
Location update with national / international roaming
National roaming For location updates with national roaming, the IMSI is supplied by the mobile station, or, if the location changes, from a known VLR in the new location. The location update must then be sent to the HLR of the subscriber. The IMSI is transferred to the SCCP for this purpose. The SCCP contains the global title database. Using this database, the SCCP translates the IMSI, including the HLRID, to a destination point code and the associated network indicator. Global title translation is not required for the reply from the HLR because the DPC can be used for addressing.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Global Title Global Title Translation Translation MCC/MNC/HLRID MCC/MNC/HLRID SPC&NETIND SPC&NETIND of HLR of HLR
O T H E R
B S S A P
INAP
EIR
MSC
VLR
HLR
TCAP
SCCP
MTP
VLR/MSC DPC NETIND SIEMENS
MCC/MNC/HLRID
SIEMENS
HLR
Fig. 4 National location update
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Global Title Translation
C
International roaming For location updates with international roaming, the IMSI is supplied by the mobile station or, if the location changes, from a known VLR in the new location. The location update must then be sent to the HLR in the remote network of the booking subscriber. The IMSI is transferred to the SCCP for this purpose. The SCCP contains the global title database. Using this database, the SCCP translates the IMSI up to the MNC into the destination point code of the gateway to the next network. The IMSI is also transferred as the international address/global title in the SCCP called party address. The IMSI must therefore be changed to an international standard that can be recognized by the PSTN (hybrid IMSI). Global title translation takes place again in that gateway in order to obtain the CCS7 address in the next signaling network. Global title translation is performed for each change in network until the destination network is reached. Generally, translation takes place a last time in the gateway of the destination network, where the DPC and network indicator of the HLR are determined.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
MCC/MNC MCC/MNC
MCC/MNC/MSIN
NAT0 100 Global Title
NAT0 MSC/VLR Origin Net
DPC=200 DPC=200 NI=NAT0 NI=NAT0 „ hybrid IMSI“ „ hybrid IMSI“
NAT0 200 NAT1 100 NAT1
Global Title
NAT1 300 INAT0 100
„ hybrid IMSI“ „ hybrid IMSI“
Global Title
INAT0
INAT0 300 NAT1 100
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=NAT1 NI=NAT1
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=INAT0 NI=INAT0
„ hybrid IMSI“ „ hybrid IMSI“
NAT1
Global Title
NAT1 300 NAT0 100
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=NAT1 NI=NAT1 „ hybrid IMSI“ „ hybrid IMSI“
No Global Title
NAT0 200
NAT0 Destination Net
DPC=200 DPC=200 NI=NAT0 NI=NAT0
HLR
Fig. 5 Location update with international roaming
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Global Title Translation
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2.2.2
National mobile terminating call
The digit translator receives a dialed MSISDN of the own PLMN with the result "interrogation" (TRATYP=MOBINTER). This result leads to a destination with MINMAX on one hand, and to global title translation on the other. Similar to the IMSI in location updates, the MSISDN is translated by global title translation into the CCS7 signaling address of the HLR of the called party. The MAP message “Send Routing Information” is then sent to the HLR. The mobility data of the called party are read in the HLR in response to the message. Using the VLRISD stored in the HLR, the global title translation function is activated to translate the VLRISD into the CCS7 signaling address of the VLR/MSC of the called party. The request to provide a mobile station roaming number is sent to this address.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
O T H E R
B S S A P
Siemens
INAP
EIR
MSC
VLR
HLR
Global Title Global Title Translation: Translation:
TCAP
CC/NDC/HLRID CC/NDC/HLRID
SCCP
SPC&NETIND SPC&NETIND ofofHLR HLR
MTP
Global GlobalTitle Title Translation: Translation:
VLR/MSC
VLRISD VLRISD
[CC]/[NDC]/SN
SPC&NETIND SPC&NETIND ofofMSC/VLR MSC/VLR
O T H E R
B S S A P
INAP
EIR
MSC
VLR
HLR
TCAP
SCCP
MTP
SIEMENS
HLR
HLR
SIEMENS
visited VLR/MSC of B sub
Fig. 6 National mobile terminating call
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Global Title Translation
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2.2.3
International mobile terminating call
If a foreign MSISDN is received by an MSC, usually no international interrogation is started. The dialed MSISDN is analyzed in the visited MSC and the call is switched as a normal traffic channel connection (e.g., ISUP) to the destination network (usually via PSTN). The call received in the destination network is analyzed in the gateway MSC and interrogation is started. From this point on, the mobile terminating call is handled in the same way as a national mobile terminating call, described before.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
MSISDN SIEMENS
Origin Net
SIEMENS
VLR/ MSC
ISUP SIEMENS
Gateway
ISUP SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
PSTN Switch
ISUP SIEMENS
SIEMENS
PSTN Switch
PSTN Net
ISUP SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway
Global Title Global Title Translation: Translation: MSISDN MSISDN SPC&NETIND SPC&NETIND of HLR of HLR
MAP SIEMENS
SIEMENS
HLR
Destination Net
Fig. 7 International mobile terminating call
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Siemens
2.2.4
Global Title Translation
Mobile terminating call to an own mobile subscriber roaming in a foreign PLMN
In case of mobile terminating calls to a network’s own mobile subscriber, currently located in a foreign network, the MSISDN of the called party is received by the calling party’s MSC. Since the mobile user belongs to the same network, interrogation is started in the network’s own HLR. The VLRISD of the foreign VLR is stored in the HLR as part of the mobility data of the called party. Using global title translation, the VLRISD is translated into the address of the network’s own gateway switches and the MAP message “Provide Roaming Number” is sent there. Since this involves a change in networks, global title translation is again necessary. The VLRISD is translated to the signaling address of the next network node (e.g., to NAT1) and the message is transferred. Global title translation is performed for each change in network until the gateway in the destination network is reached. Generally, translation takes place a last time here because the VLR can be identified from this point by means of the CCS7 signaling address.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
MSISDN MSISDN
MSISDN
NAT0 100 MSC
NAT0 Origin Net
NAT0 300 HLR
VLRISD VLRISD
NAT0 200 NAT1 100
Global Title
NAT1
Global Title
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=NAT1 NI=NAT1
Global Title
INAT0
INAT0 300 NAT1 100
NAT1
Global Title
NAT1 300 NAT0 100 No Global Title
VLR
DPC=200 DPC=200 NI=NAT0 NI=NAT0 VLRISD VLRISD
NAT1 300 INAT0 100
NAT0 200
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=NAT0 NI=NAT0
VLRISD VLRISD
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=INAT0 NI=INAT0 VLRISD VLRISD
DPC=300 DPC=300 NI=NAT1 NI=NAT1
NAT0 Destination Net
VLRISD VLRISD
DPC=200 DPC=200 NI=NAT0 NI=NAT0
Fig. 8 Mobile terminating call to an own mobile subscriber roaming in a foreign net
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Global Title Translation
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Global Title Translation
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Global title translation
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Global Title Translation
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3.1
SCCP calling and called party addresses
The variable mandatory part and optional part fields in the SCCP message contain the called party and calling party addresses. The addresses are used for global addressing of signaling point codes and additionally contain the subsystem number. This number is used for addressing the subsystem in the destination point by the SCCP. The global title is not required in the simplest case (internal network routing) because the routing label of the CCS7 message can be used for addressing. In other words, the subsystem number is adequate as addressing information in this case. The information units of this type of address have the following meaning:
• Length indicator (mandatory) The length indicator indicates the amount of the following octets
• Address indicator (mandatory): 1. SPC indicator (bit 0) A "1" indicates that the address contains an SPC A "0" indicates that the address does not contain an SPC (set to 0 according to GSM recommendation) 2. Subsystem indicator (bit 1) A "1" indicates that the address contains a subsystem number SSN (set to 1 according to GSM recommendation) 3. Global title indicator (bits 2...5) The global title indicator indicates the content of the address field 0000
no global title included
0100
global title includes translation type, numbering plan, encoding scheme and nature of address (Global Title Format 4)
4. Routing indicator (bit 6) Bit 6 of the address indicator octet informs the next SCCP signaling node how SCCP routing has to be performed: a) A "0" in bit 6 indicates that routing should be based on the global title in the address. b) A "1" in bit 6 indicates that routing should be based on the DPC in the MTP routing label and the subsystem number SSN in the called party address. (If the point code indicator is set to "1", the SCCP receiver could take the SPC of the SCCP address instead of the MTP-DPC.) 5. Bit 7 of the address indicator octet is designated for national use.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
• Subsystem Number Carries the number of the calling/called Subsystem, e.g. HLR, VLR, BSSAP.
Called and Calling Party Address structure if routing is done on OPC/DPC of the MTP L3 Routing Label. Shortest possible length of Address fields!
(0)
not used
Routing Indicator (1)
Global Title Indicator (0) (0) (0) (0) (0)
(0)
SSN (e.g. VLR=7) (0) (0)
(0)
(0)
Lenght Indicator (2) (0) (0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(1)
(0)
SSN SPC Indicator Indicator (1) (0)
(1)
(1)
Length Indicator is 2 because two more bytes follow.
Global Title Indicator is 0 because no GT is included. Recommended!
SPC Indicator is 0 because no SPC is included. Recommended!
Routing Indicator 1 means “Route on OPC/DPC of MTP L3 Routing Label”.
SSN Indicator is 1 because SSN is always included in Siemens solution.
Subsystem Number. E.g. HLR=6, VLR=7, MSC=8, EIR=9
Fig. 9 Example of called and calling party addresses for net internal use: no GT contained
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Global Title Translation
Siemens
• Signaling point code SPC (optional, but not necessary for GSM).
The SPC identifies the absolute end SPC and, if point code indicator = 1, consists of 14 bits of 2 octets.
• Subsystem number (optional, but necessary for GSM)
The subsystem number (SSN) identifies an SCCP user function and if subsystem indicator = "1", consists of one octet coded as follows (examples): 1. 11111110= 254
BSSAP (SSID = BSSAP)
2. 00000111= 7
VLR (SSID = MAPVLR)
3. 00000110 = 6
HLR (SSID = MAPHLR)
4. 00001000= 8
MSC (SSID = MAPMSC)
5. 00001001= 9
EIR (SSID = MAPEIR)
• Translation type
The translation type is a one-octet field that is used to direct the message to the appropriate global title translation function. Thus, it may be possible for the address information to be translated into different values for and different combinations of DPCs, SSNs and GTs. 1.
00000000= 0
TTID=UNKNOWN (mandatory for international applications)
2.
00000001= 1
TTID=IMSI (not used: in case of international location update TTID=IMSI has to be converted to UNKNOWN)
3.
00000010= 2
TTID=IMEI According to GSM recommendation, the translation type should be UNKNOWN
• Numbering plan
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1. 0000= 0
NP= unknown: not used in international traffic
2. 0010= 1
NP= ISDNTNP (ISDN telephony numbering plan, E.163/E.164). Example: to address a VLR of a foreign PLMN
3. 0110= 6
NP= LMNP (land mobile numbering plan, E.212): not used in intern. traffic
4. 0111= 7
NP= ISDNMNP (ISDN mobile numbering plan, E.214). Example: to send a location update message to an HLR of a foreign PLMN
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
• Encoding scheme (that information cannot be administered) 1. 0001 = 1 odd number of digits 2. 0010 = 2 even number of digits
• Nature of address 1. 0000001= 1
NA = SUBNO (subscriber number)
2. 0000010= 2
reserved for national use
3. 0000011= 3
NA = NATNO (national number)
4. 0000100= 4
NA = INTNO (international number)
Called and Calling Party Address structure if routing is done on Global Title Translation. Length depends on number of Global Title digits!
(0)
(0)
not used
Routing Indicator (0)
(0)
Lenght Indicator (e.g. 11) (0) (1) (0)
Global Title Indicator (Type 4) (0) (1) (0) (0)
(1)
(1)
SSN SPC Indicator Indicator (1) (0)
(SPC bits 0-7)
not used
not used
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0) not used
(0)
Position and structure of SPC if it is included. NOT RECOMMENDED! (1)
(0)
TTID (e.g. UNKNOWN) (0) (0) (0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Encoding Scheme (e.g. odd) (0) (0) (0) (1)
(1)
NA (e.g. INTNO) (0) (0)
(1)
GT digit 2 (e.g. 9) (0) (0)
(1)
(0)
GT digit 4 (e.g. 7) (1) (1)
(1)
SSN Indicator is 1 because SSN is always included in Siemens solution.
Routing Indicator 0 means “Route on Global Title”.
(1)
NP (e.g. ISDNTNP) (0) (0)
SPC Indicator is 0 because no SPC is included. Recommended!
Global Title Indicator is 4 because GT of Type 4 is included.
(SPC bits 8-14)
SSN (e.g. HLR=6) (0) (0)
Length Indicator depends on number of Global Title Digits.
(1)
(0)
(0)
Subsystem Number. E.g. HLR=6, VLR=7, MSC=8, EIR=9 Translator Type Identification. 0=UNKNOWN, 1=IMSI, 17=IEESS. Encoding Scheme. 1=odd number of GT digits, 2=even number of digits. Numbering Plan. 1=ISDNTNP, 6=LMNP, 7=ISDNMNP. Nature of Address. 3=National number, 4=International Number
(0)
(0)
GT digit 3 (e.g. 1) (0) (0)
(1)
(0)
GT digit n (e.g. 6) (1) (1)
(0)
GT digits. Last digit is a filler (H’F) if Encoding Scheme is odd.
...
(0)
GT digit 1 (e.g. 4) (1) (0)
(1)
GT digit n+1 (e.g. Filler) (1) (1) (1)
Fig. 10 Example of called/calling party addresses for international use: GT contained
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.2
Where is global title translation done?
One (or more) of the main processors for applications (MP:AP) has to be determined to be responsible for GTT. The functions of this "MP:GTT" is not exclusively available to the shelf in which it is located but to the whole node. The parameters Load type and Load model determine the software functions of the MP, since the HW is the same for all MP:AP. For "MP:GTT" the Load models SLTSGTR (recommended use) or SLTSGTR1/2 may be used in combination with the Load type TSLT0001.
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Load Type
Load Model
Meaning
TSLT0001
SLTSGTR
MP for SCCP global title translation only (recommended)
TSLT0001
SLTSGTR1/2
MP for SCCP global title translation and MTP L2/L3 functions
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create MP for Global Title Translation CRMP:
MP = , Load type = TSLT0001, Load model= , Rack= , Shelf= , Pitch= , Board type= , Statistics= FALSE, [Alarm profile MP= ,] [Alarm profile MP Mpu= ];
Fig. 11 Creating a main processor for global title translation
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Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.3 3.3.1
Message flows Signaling end point
Messages from a LTG, for which global title translation has to be done are forwarded to the MP responsible for GTT automatically. After GTT, the MSU with the new DPC/NETIND in it's routing label leaves towards the MP:SLT that will do message routing by evaluating the DPC and allocating a linkset and a link via which the message leaves the NE. Signaling messages, coming in from another NE, will be received by an MP:SLT and also routed to the MP responsible for GTT. After GTT the message will be passed on to the subsystem responsible for evaluating the message content. This may be located in the CP or in a GP of the LTGs. (Example: The switch receiving such a message is a Gateway AND the final receiver). The SSNC-internal path of the MSU is the same, no matter via which kind of link it was received (64kbit/s link or high speed link).
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
LTG
SS7-Links 64kbit/s, trunks
LTG SSNC LTG SS7-Links 64kbit/s or HS-Links 2Mbit/s
LIC
ASN
DLU LTG
LIC SN SN
MP/SLT
SC
MB D
MP/GTT MP/STAT MP/SM MP/OAM
CP113C CP113C
Fig. 12 Signaling end point, incoming MSU
LTG
SS7-Links 64kbit/s, trunks
LTG SSNC LTG SS7-Links 64kbit/s or HS-Links 2Mbit/s
LIC
ASN
DLU LTG
LIC SN SN
MP/SLT
SC
MB D
MP/GTT MP/STAT MP/SM MP/OAM
CP113C CP113C
Fig. 13 Signaling end point, outgoing MSU
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
31
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.3.2
Signaling relay point
Pure signaling transfer points (STP) do not care about the message content. They forward an MSU because of the DPC in it's routing label and don't do global title translation. Signaling relay points (SRP) also don't care about the message content, but they do a global title translation and forward the message, depending on the result of that GTT (typical application: international gateway exchange for signaling traffic). Incoming MSUs will be received by an MP:SLT, forwarded to the MP responsible for GTT and, depending on the result of the GTT, forwarded to another MP:SLT that provides the connection to the link, leading to the DPC found in GTT. The SSNC-internal path of the MSU is the same, no matter via which kind of link it was received (64kbit/s link or high speed link).
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
LTG
SS7-Links 64kbit/s, trunks
LTG SSNC LTG LIC
SS7-Links 64kbit/s or HS-Links 2Mbit/s
DLU
ASN
LTG
LIC SN SN
MP/SLT MP/GTT MB D
MP/SLT
SC
MP/STAT MP/SM MP/OAM
CP113C CP113C
Fig. 14 Signaling relay point with GTT
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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Siemens
3.4
Global Title Translation
Administration of global title translation
The global title translation database should be created in the following sequence: 1. CR SPLNKLOC / SPLNKREM: General data about the own SCCP or the SCCP in the destination signaling points (see chapter about SCCP administration). 2. CR SPSSN: Links a subsystem ID to a subsystem number for a local SCCP linkage (see chapter about SCCP administration). 3. CR SPAPLOC / SPAPREM: Creation of subsystems control data in the own or the destination signaling point (see chapter about SCCP administration). 4. CR SPCLGPA: Creation of Calling Party addresses for local subsystems which use message transfer via Global Title Routing 5. CR SPTT: Linking an SCCP-specific translation type id to a translation type number that will be used in the SCCP messages. 6. CR SPENS/SPRNS: List of possible routes, used to reach a local or remote SCCP linkage with or without further GTT. 7. CR SPGTTRL: Combinations of format parameters that describe the global title digits. 8. CR SPGTCRUL: List of instructions to modify the global title that leaves the NE as new SCCP called party address (if required). 9. CR SPGTRUL: Definition of how to find the result of global title translation.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
DPC
NI
Global Title Translator
Global Title Conversion Rule
Global Title Rule
End Point Entity Set without SSN
Relay Node Set
Retranslation
Remote SCCP Linkage
SCCP Linkage
SCCP cdPA
OPC
DPC
NI
Outgoing MSU
Fig. 15 Global title translation
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
35
Siemens
3.4.1
Global Title Translation
Administration of the calling party address
For each local SCCP subsystem which may use message routing via GT, a calling party address (cgPA) has to be defined, containing the global title of the NE (E.164) and the subsystem number. It has the same data fields as the SCCP called party address. This cgPA is included in outgoing SCCP messages to other signaling networks and contains enough information to identify the originating signaling point and/or the SCCP service access point unambiguously. A cgPA may contain a global title, e.g. for international signaling. A global title is usually not required in an SCCP calling party address for network internal signaling, since in that case all necessary information for routing an acknowledgement can be obtained from the routing label. The 'CLGPA type indicator' defines the routing preference, i.e. whether a GT shall be contained in the cgPA field of an outgoing MSU or not.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create SCCP calling party address CRSPCLGPA:
SPCLGPA name = , [SPCLGPA id = ,] SPAPLOC name / ID = , SPLNKLOC name / ID = , GT Address Info = , TTID = Unknown, NP = ISDN Telephone Numbering Plan, NA = International Nr. , CLGPA Type Indicator = Programmed , [Include SPC = False,] [Include GT = False];
Fig. 16 SCCP calling party address
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
HLR : SN =1 RI nly S o n = atio A Loc cgP _ e dat Up SIEMENS
SIEMENS
VLR
Location Update
R A = I = 0: Ful Titl l Glob e al Upd ate _Lo cat ion
foreign PLMN
cgP
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
HLR
IGE
CRSPCLGPA: CLGPA Type Ind= Programmed, ...
Fig. 17 Effect of parameter 'CLGPA Type Indicator'
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
37
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.4.2
SCCP end node entity sets
The SCCP End Node Entity Sets describe a local or remote SCCP linkage as result of global title translation in case the final signaling end point (i.e. where the message content is evaluated) can be determined in the own node. In these cases, no further GTT is necessary (RI=1) and the global title will be removed from the called party address automatically. A primary and, optionally, a second destination are provided that may be operated in a loadsharing mode, described by the 'Sharing Mode' (only one of them may be a local SCCP). Both destinations must exist and must have been created in the same signaling network. The 'Sharing Mode' parameter has the following meanings: Sharing Mode
Primary 1
Primary 2
Dupli Load Shared
50%
50%
Dupli Dominant
100%
standby
Solitary
100%
not entered
TIP Sharing mode = 'Dupli Replacement' can also be found in the selection lists of the switch commander but is not supported by the SCCP.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create SCCP End Node Entity Set without Subsystem Number CRSPENS:
SPENS Name = , Primary 1 Name = , [Primary 2 Name = ,] Sharing Mode = ;
Fig. 18 End node set without SSN
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39
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.4.3
SCCP relay node entity sets
The SCCP Relay Node Entity Sets describe a remote SCCP linkage as result of global title translation in case the final signaling end point can not be determined in the own node. In this case, a further GTT is necessary in these SCCPs (RI=0). Two primary and two backup SCCP Linkages may be defined. At least 'Primary 1 ID/Name' must be entered. The loadsharing mode between the entered SCCPs is assigned implicitly without extra parameter. The optional 'SSID' parameter allows to set the subsystem number in the outgoing MSU after global title translation if routing is done on global title to a relay node. This parameter should not be used! Implicit loadsharing mode: SCCP linkage combinations:
Backup 1 load
Primary 1
100%
Primary 1/Primary 2
50%
Primary 1/Backup 1
100%
standby for Primary 1
Primary 1/Backup 1/
50%
standby for Primary 1
Primary 2/Backup 2
40
Primary 1 load
Primary 2 load
Backup 2 load
50%
50%
standby for Primary 2
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create SCCP Relay Node Entity Set CRSPRNS:
SPRNS Name = , Primary 1 Name = , [Primary 2 Name = ,] [Backup 1 Name = ,] [Backup 2 Name = ,] [SSID = ];
Fig. 19 Relay node entity set
Primary1:active OPC
Backup1:standby
Primary1:active OPC 50 : 50 Primary2:active
Primary1:active
OPC
Backup1:standby
50 : 50
Primary2:active
Backup2:standby Fig. 20 Loadsharing models for relay node entity sets
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
41
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.4.4
Global title translator
The global title translator specifies the entry requirement for global title translation by providing the format parameters for each possible global title as a combination of Translation Type ID (TTID), Numbering Plan (NP) and Nature of Address (NA). In other words: it tells the SCCP how to interpret the global title digits. This combination must be unique. The 'Global Title Translation Type attribute' represents the translation type, which is a pure SCCP concept. It is part of the global title that indicates the specific use of the global title address information. In other words, it is the key information that differentiates between the use of identical NP/NA/GT- digit combinations. This global title translation has to be converted into a Translation Type Number (TTN) by means of the task CRSPTT.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
SCCP Global Title Translator CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name = , [SPGTTRL Id = ,] TTID = , NP = , NA = ;
Fig. 21 SCCP global title translator
GT Number Type
GT Supplements TTID
NP
NA
IMSI
IMSI
LMNP
INTNO
Hybrid-IMSI
UNKNOWN
ISDNMNP
INTNO
International Telephone Number
UNKNOWN
ISDNTNP
INTNO
National Telephone Number
UNKNOWN
ISDNTNP
NATNO
CCBS International Number
IEESS
ISDNTNP
INTNO
CCBS National Number
IEESS
ISDNTNP
NATNO
Fig. 22 Examples of format parameters
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
43
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.4.5
Global title conversion rule
The conversion rule for the global title digits contains an ordered list of instructions specifying to insert, delete, replace, or take-over digits or supplements in the old called party address to produce a new one. This new called party address will not be processed again in the own node but will be part of the outgoing MSU. Conversion operations to be defined in a global title conversion rule are: Operation
Meaning
+
Digits after the '+' sign are inserted at the respective position
R
Digits after the 'R' sign replace the original digits at the respective position
X
The original digit remains at the respective position (one 'X' per digit)
.
The original digit is deleted (one '.' per digit)
S
Stop converting immediately
T
Copy the remaining characters, and then stop
Example: (see next page) An IMSI of a roaming subscriber is being received in a VLR during location update and used as global title in the called party address of the 'Update_Location' message to the subscriber's HLR. Since that global title is not in accordance with the international standard for routing based on global title, it has to be converted into a 'hybrid IMSI'. Whether this conversion is done in the VLR immediately or in a gateway, just before the message leaves the own PLMN, is up to the operator.
44
IMSI
'hybrid IMSI'
MCC - MNC – MSIN
CC - NDC – MSIN
e.g.: 262 - 02 - 1234567890
e.g.: 49 - 172 - 1234567890
TTID=IMSI
TTID=UNKNOWN
NP=LMNP
NP=ISDNMNP
NA=INTNO
NA=INTNO
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create SCCP Global Title Conversion Rule CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name = , Addr. Info Conv. Rule = , New TTID = , New NP = , New NA = ;
Fig. 23 SCCP global title conversion rule
Incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
DPC
NI
IMSI = 262 - 02 - 1234567890
CR SPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= ............................................................. Addr. Info Conv. Rule= ....................................................... New TTID= ................................................................................. New NP= ..................................................................................... New NA= .....................................................................................
hybrid-IMSI = 49 - 172 - 1234567890
SCCP cdPA
OPC
DPC
NI
Outgoing MSU Fig. 24 GT conversion rule for location updates
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
45
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.4.6
Cancel a Global Title in the cdPA
A special version of a conversion rule is usually used to cancel a GT address in the CALLED Party Address. This can be done e.g. in the last Gateway, because the final destination is known there so no further GTT is necessary, or in the very first switch, when no routing on GT is used for an outgoing message. The benefit will be that the outgoing message is shortened and is therefore transmitted more efficiently. The creation of this rule is very simple. The name is free, but CANGT is a very common name. For the Addr. Info Conv. Rule parameter just enter the character "S", which means "Stop conversion and delete all remaining digits and supplements". All other parameters of the task are not used in this case. TIP As this can be done for the CALLED PARTY only, the CALLING PARTY address will remain unchanged in the outgoing message which is routed on GT! But the CALLING PARTY address will also be deleted, if routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS) is already used in the first switch and the parameter CLGPA Type Indicator = Programmed of the task CRSPCLGPA (see 3.4.1) is used. The following rules should be noticed: 1. Message CREATED in a switch and sent with routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS): a) Conversion Rule to delete CALLED Party address necessary (CANGT) b) CALLING Party address automatically deleted ("Programmed") 2. Message CREATED in a switch and sent with routing on GTT (SPRNS): a) No Conversion Rule to delete CALLED Party address allowed b) CALLING Party address automatically included ("Programmed") 3. Message TRANSFERRED in a switch with routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS): Switch is just STP so doesn't touch the SCCP addresses anyway 4. Message TRANSFERRED in a switch with routing on GTT (Gateway/SRP): a) Conversion Rule to delete CALLED Party address only allowed if switch is the VERY LAST Gateway/SRP to the final receiver, so change to routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS) b) CALLING Party address is still included, because the message was not created there (so "Programmed" is not relevant) and the incoming message to be transferred already contained a CALLING Party address
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create SCCP Global Title Conversion Rule to cancel GT in cdPA CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name = CANGT, Addr. Info Conv. Rule = S,
Fig. 25 Special Conversion Rule to cancel a GT in the cdPA
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Destination
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Origin
Routing on OPC/DPC: cdPA = cancelled cgPA = not included
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
STP
CRSPCLGPA: CLGPA Type Ind= Programmed,...; CRSPGTRUL: GTCRUL Name=CANGT, SPENS Name=,...;
Does not touch the SCCP addresses
Fig. 26 Example for CANGT with routing on OPC/DPC
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Destination
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Ro Cg utin Cd PA g on PA inc O ca lude PC/ nc DP ell d! C: ed !
own PLMN
foreign PLMN T: G T le on l Tit ing a ut lob Ro ll G Fu
Ro Fu uting ll G lob on G T al Tit T: le
Gateway
SIEMENS
Origin
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Last Gateway CANGT to delete cdPA
Fig. 27 Example for CANGT with routing on GTT
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
47
Global Title Translation
Siemens
3.4.7
Global title rule
The GT-Rule contains matching attributes ('Global Title Address Info' and 'Global Title Translator') used to select the right GT-Rule as well as attributes that allow translation of a global title. The SPENS Name points to a SCCP Entity Set with a LOCAL or REMOTE Sccp linkage. In this case, no further GTT will be performed (RI=1) because the final destination signaling point can be determined in the own node. The global title will NOT automatically be canceled from the SCCP called party address, so use the CANGT conversion rule described before to keep the outgoing message as short as possible! The SPRNS Name points to a relay node entity set, where another GTT has to be performed (RI=0) because the final destination signaling point can't be determined in the own node. In this case, the global title can not be canceled from the SCCP called party address. Global title retranslation can be invoked by means of SPGTT Rule Reference Name and Resume At Digit parameters which allow the selection of another GT Rule. Include SPC indicates whether or not the SPC as the result of GTT shall additionally be included in the SCCP called party address field of the outgoing message. NOT RECOMMENDED! SPGTCRUL is used to modify the address and address indicator fields in the called party address of outgoing messages (e.g. IMSI->hybrid IMSI or CANGT). Traffic Type provides data for traffic measurements by allowing to analyze the cdPA without the need to analyze all possible combinations of global title digits. Possible values are: 'Local', 'Nat. Own', 'Nat. Foreign' or International'.
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Create SCCP Global Title Rule CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name = , SPGTTRL Name = , [SPGTCRUL Name = ,] GT Address Info = , [SPENS Name =,] [SPRNS Name = ,] [SPGTT Rule Reference Name = ,] [Resume At Digit = ,] [Include SPC = ,] [Traffic Type = ,]
Fig. 28 SCCP global title rule
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49
Siemens
50
Global Title Translation
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
4
Siemens
Application examples
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
51
Global Title Translation
Siemens
4.1
Network-internal location update
VLR and HLR within the same node An own mobile subscriber requests a location update in a VLR that is located in the same D900 as his HLR (i.e. they share the same message transfer part and the same SCCP).
Location update
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
MSC/VLR/HLR
IMSI= 262 02 42 12345678 SP 100
HLRISD=49 172 4200096 VLRISD=49 172 4200097 Fig. 29 Node internal location update
52
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
Relay Point End Point with SSN End Point without SSN
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID= cgPA:
CRSPENS: Remote SCCP Linkage Local SCCP Linkage
SPENS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Sharing Mode=
GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPLNKLOC: SPLNKLOC Name= Net Name= ...
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= SSID= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL:
cgPA:
SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
Fig. 30 GTT database
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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53
Global Title Translation
Siemens
HLR and VLR in different nodes An own mobile subscriber registers with a VLR inside his home network and, as a result, causes an 'Update_Location' message, sent from VLR to his HLR.
IMSI=262 02 4112345678 SIEMENS
SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
VLRISDN= 49 172 4200097
SP 100 SIEMENS
SIEMENS
HLR
Location update SP 200 HLRISDN=49 172 4100096
Fig. 31 Location update in HPLMN
54
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
Relay Point End Point with SSN End Point without SSN
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID= cgPA:
CRSPENS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPENS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Sharing Mode=
GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL: SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
SCCP cdPA
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 32 GTT database
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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55
Global Title Translation
Siemens
4.2
Mobile terminating call
Interrogating the HLR A mobile subscriber dials the MSISDN of the subscriber from the previous section. The MSC of the A-subscriber send the MAP message 'Send_Routing_Info' to the B subscriber's HLR.
VLRISDN=491724200097 SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
MSISDN= 01724112345 SP 300
SP 100
Provide Roaming Number
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
HLR
Send Routing Info
SP 200 HLRISDN=491724100096 Fig. 33 Mobile terminating call
56
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
Relay Point End Point with SSN End Point without SSN
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID= cgPA:
CRSPENS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPENS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Sharing Mode=
GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 34 GTT database in A-MSC
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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57
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Requesting an MSRN Due to the VLRISDN, found in the mobility data of the B-subscriber, the HLR requests an MSRN by sending 'Provide_Roaming_Number' to the visited MSC/VLR of the B-subscriber.
VLRISDN=491724200097 SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
MSISDN
SP 300
SP 100
Provide Roaming Number
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
HLR
Send Routing Info
SP 200
HLRISDN=491724100096 Fig. 35 Mobile terminating call
58
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
Relay Point End Point with SSN End Point without SSN
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID= cgPA:
CRSPENS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPENS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Sharing Mode=
GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 36 GTT database in B-HLR
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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59
Global Title Translation
Siemens
4.3
International location update
Location update in the VLR A roaming subscriber registers with the VLR of a foreign PLMN. The VLR sends an 'Update_Location' message via two possible gateways towards the subscriber's HLR. The gateways are operating in loadsharing mode and are connected to the VLR on network NAT0.
IMSI= 232011234567890
VLRISD=491724200097 SIEMENS
SI EMENS
own PLMN
MSC/VLR
Location update
SP 100
SIEMENS
SI EMENS
Gateway SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300 SIEMENS
SP 200
SIEMEN S
SIEMENS
PSTN
SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 500 SP 400 SIEMENS
SIEMENS
foreign PLMN MCC=232 MNC=01
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway
Gateway SIEMENS
SP 300
SIEMENS
HLR
SP 200 SP 100
HLRISDN= 436641200096
Fig. 37 International location update in VLR
60
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
End Point with SSN End Point without SSN Relay Point
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID=
CRSPRNS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPRNS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Back1 Name= Back2 Name= SSID=
cgPA: GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= SSID= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 38 GTT database in VLR
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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61
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Location update in the own gateway One of the own gateway switches receives the 'Update_Location' message and forwards it to one of two possible PSTN gateways which have a connection to the destination PLMN. The signaling connection to the PSTN is on network level NAT1 and the PSTN gateways are addressed with loadsharing.
VLRISD=491724200097 SI EMENS
IMSI= 232011234567890
Own PLMN
SI EM ENS
MSC/VLR
Location update
SP 100
SI EM EN S
SI EM EN S
Gateway SIEM EN S
SI EM EN S
Gateway
SP 300 SI EM ENS
SP 200
SI EM EN S
SI EM ENS
PSTN
SIEM EN S
PSTN
SP 500 SP 400 SIEM ENS
foreign PLMN MCC=232 MNC=01
SI EM EN S
SI EM ENS
SIEM ENS
Gateway
Gateway SI EM EN S
SP 300
SI EM EN S
HLR
SP 200
HLRISD= 436641200096
SP 100
Fig. 39 Location update in the own gateway
62
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
End Point with SSN End Point without SSN Relay Point
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID=
CRSPRNS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPRNS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Back1 Name= Back2 Name= SSID=
cgPA: GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= SSID= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 40 GTT database in the own gateway switches
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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63
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Location update in the gateway of the destination network The 'Update_Location' message is received in the gateway of the B-subscribers PLMN and forwarded to his HLR.
VLRISD= 491724200097 SIEMENS
IMSI= 232011234567890
SIEMENS
Now regarded as a foreign network
MSC/VLR
Location Update
SP 100
SI EMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway SI EMENS
SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 300 SIEMENS
SP 200
SI EMENS
SIEMENS
PSTN
SI EMENS
PSTN
Now regarded as the own network MCC=232 MNC=01
SP 500 SP 400 SI EMENS
SI EMENS
SI EMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway
Gateway SIEMENS
SP 300
SI EMENS
HLR
SP 200
HLRISDN= 436641200096
SP 100
Fig. 41 Location update in the gateway of the destination PLMN
64
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
Relay Point End Point with SSN End Point without SSN
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID= cgPA:
CRSPENS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPENS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Sharing Mode=
GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 42 GTT database in the gateway of the destination PLMN
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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65
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Insert subscriber data in HLR The HLR has received the 'Update_Location' message and returns the subscriber data to the visited VLR. The own gateways are operated in loadsharing.
VLRISD= 491724200097 SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Now regarded as a foreign network
MSC/VLR
IMSI= 232011234567890 SP 100 SIEM ENS
SIEM EN S
Gateway SIEM ENS
SIEM EN S
Gateway
SP 300 SIEM ENS
SP 200
SIEM ENS
SIEM ENS
PSTN
SIEM ENS
PSTN
Now regarded as the own network MCC=232 MNC=01
SP 500 HLRISD= 436641200096
SP 400 SIEM EN S
SIEM ENS
SIEM EN S
SIEMENS
Gateway
Gateway SIEM EN S
SP 300
SIEM ENS
HLR
SP 200 Subscriber Data
SP 100
Fig. 43 Transmission of subscriber data in the HLR
66
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
End Point with SSN End Point without SSN Relay Point
Global Title: GTDIG= SSID=
CRSPRNS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPRNS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Back1 Name= Back2 Name= SSID=
cgPA: GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= SSID= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 44 GTT database in HLR
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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67
Global Title Translation
Siemens
Insert subscriber data in the gateway The subscriber data from the HLR are received by the gateways in the HLR's PLMN which distribute them to the PSTN gateways, addressed in load sharing. Signaling connection to the PSTN is realized on network NAT1.
VLRISD= 491724200097 SIEMENS
SI EMENS
Now regarded as a foreign network
MSC/VLR
IMSI= 232011234567890 SP 100 SI EMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway SI EMENS
SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300 SIEMENS
SP 200
SIEMENS
SI EMENS
PSTN
SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 500 SP 400 SI EMENS
Now regarded as the own network MCC=232 MNC=01
SI EMENS
SIEMENS
SI EMENS
HLRISD= 436641200096
Gateway
Gateway SIEMENS
SP 300
SIEMENS
HLR
SP 200 Subscriber Data
SP 100
Fig. 45 Transmission of subscriber data in the gateway
68
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
Global Title Translation
Siemens
incoming MSU SCCP cdPA
OPC
NI+DPC
End Point with SSN End Point without SSN Relay Point
CRSPRNS: Local SCCP Linkage Remote SCCP Linkage
SPRNS Name= Prim1 Name= Prim2 Name= Back1 Name= Back2 Name= SSID=
GT Translator GT Translator
CRSPLNKREM: SPLNKREM Name= Net Name= DPC= Ass. Con. Section=
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name= TTID= NP= NA=
Local Access Point Remote Access Point
CRSPAPREM: SPAPREM Name= SPLNKREM Name= SSID=
GT Rule GT Rule
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTRUL:
SCCP cdPA
SPGTRUL Name= SPGTTRL Name= GT Adr Info= SPENS Name= SPENSSSN Name= SPRNS Name= SPGTCRUL Name= SPGTT Rule Ref Name= Resume at Digit= Include SPC= Traffic Type=
NI+DPC
OPC
GTDIG= OPC= DPC= SSID= NI= RI=
Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name= Addr Info Cov Rule= New TTID= New NP= New NA=
cgPA:
Fig. 46 GTT database in the gateway
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MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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69
Siemens
70
Global Title Translation
MN2513EU11MN_0001 © 2006 Siemens AG
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