Glaukoma CS.docx

KOLEJ SAINS KESIHATAN BERSEKUTU KOTA KINABALU KURSUS DIPLOMA PEMBANTU PERUBATAN

CASE STUDY EYE CLINIC

GLAUCOMA NAME

:

MELVIN GUADING

IDENTITY CARD NO.

:

930819-15-509

MATRICS NO.

:

BPP013-!5

INTAKE

:

JANUARI 013

SEMESTER

:

YEAR 3 SEMESTER 

INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is not just one eye disease, but a group of eye conditions resulting in optic nerve damage, !ic! may cause loss of vision" Abnormally !ig! pressure inside your  eye #$no as intraocular pressure% usually, but not alays, causes t!is damage" &esides, glaucoma is one of t!e leading causes of blindness in t!e orld as researc! by 'orld (rgani)ation *ealt! #'*(%" Glaucoma can damage your vision so gradually you may not notice any loss of vision until t!e disease is at an advanced stage" T!e most common type of glaucoma, primary open+angle glaucoma, !as no noticeable signs or symptoms ecept gradual vision loss" Glaucoma prognosis is !en a patient !as a glaucoma and get early diagnosis and treatment, a patient can minimi)e or  prevent t!eir optic nerve damage and limit glaucoma+related vision loss" -t.s very important to get your eyes eamined regularly every a mont! or a year, and ma$e sure your eye doctor measures your intraocular pressure" &esides, it is usually asymptomatic until advanced and many people ill be unaare t!ere is a problem it! t!eir eyes until severe visual damage !as occurred" (cular  !ypertension #(*T% is a major ris$ factor for developing C(AG, alt!oug! C(AG can occur  it! or it!out raised eye pressure"

PROBLEMS STATEMENTS Glaucoma is a /o" 0 disease in t!e orld, especially in 1alaysia t!at can cause of  disability in vision or blindness" According researc! by 1alaysia *ealt! 1inistry s!oed t!at 23+43 5 of adults !o !ave !ypertension and diabetes mellitus !as a !ig! ris$ of  getting glaucoma" /oadays people do not care about t!eir eyes, especially for patients !o suffering of !ypertension t!at t!ey need to control t!eir blood pressure by getting proper treatment it! doctor" &esides, !o !as diabetes mellitus also need to practice !ealt!y daily diet to prevent complications suc! as glaucoma6

LITERATURE REVIE" 7Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions t!at lead to damage to t!e optic nerve, t!e nerve t!at carries visual information from t!e eye to t!e brain" -n many cases, damage to t!e optic nerve is due to increased pressure in t!e eye, also $non as intraocular pressure #-(8%9" #N$%&'() J*$%(+,  A%'/,& 010

7Glaucoma is a group of diseases t!at damage t!e eye:s optic nerve and can result in vision loss and blindness" *oever, it! early detection and treatment, you can often protect your eyes against serious vision loss"9 ~

T2 N+'*(+, E I(&'$

7T!e increased pressure, called intraocular pressure, can damage t!e optic nerve, !ic! transmits images to t!e brain" -f damage to t!e optic nerve from !ig! eye pressure continues, glaucoma ill cause permanent loss of vision" 'it!out treatment, glaucoma can cause total permanent blindness it!in a fe years"9 # U('4 K'()4* E H+,2 C+%.

7Glaucoma is not just one eye disease, but a group of eye conditions resulting in optic nerve damage, !ic! may cause loss of vision" Abnormally !ig! pressure inside your eye #intraocular pressure% usually, but not alays, causes t!is damage"9 # 6*$(4+'*( 7*% M4'/+, E4$/+'*( +(4 R&+%/2 01

PATIENTS 6INDING CASE BACKGROUND

8atient:s /ame

:

&asani Saani

;egistered /umber #;?

Date (f &irt!

:

3? 1ei 0>@

 Age

:

@4 years old

;eligion

:

-slam

/ation

:

&ajau

Status

:

1arried

(ccupation

:

Government 8ensioners

 Address

:

Taman Semara$, Taau, Saba!

- P+'(& H'&*% -

1r" &asani, come to Eye Clinic because complaint of B+



Eye pain



Sudden onset of visual disturbance, often in lo lig!t"



&lurred vision



*alos around lig!ts



/ausea and vomiting #accompanying t!e severe eye pain%



;eddening of t!e eye"

DISCUSSION TYPES O6 GLAUCOMA

T!ere are four major types of glaucoma B a% (pen+angle #C!ronic% Glaucoma b% Angle+closure #Acute% Glaucoma c% Congenital Glaucoma d% Secondary Glaucoma T!e front part of t!e eye is filled it! a clear fluid called aueous !umor" T!is fluid is alays being made in t!e bac$ of t!e eye" -t leaves t!e eye t!roug! c!annels in t!e front of t!e eye in an area called t!e anterior c!amber angle, or simply t!e angle"  Anyt!ing t!at slos or bloc$s t!e flo of t!is fluid out of t!e eye ill cause pressure to build up in t!e eye" T!is pressure is called intraocular pressure #-(8%" -n most cases of  glaucoma, t!is pressure is !ig! and causes damage to t!e major nerve in t!e eye, called t!e optic nerve" a% (pen+angle #C!ronic% Glaucoma" •

•

T!e cause is un$non" An increase in eye pressure occurs sloly over time" T!e pressure pus!es on t!e optic nerve and t!e retina at t!e bac$ of t!e eye (pen+angle glaucoma tends to run in families" Your ris$ is !ig!er if you !ave a parent or grandparent it! open+angle glaucoma" 8eople of African descent are at particularly !ig! ris$ for t!is disease

b% Angle+closure #Acute% Glaucoma (ccur !en t!e eit of t!e aueous !umour fluid is suddenly bloc$ed" T!is causes a uic$, severe, and painful rise in t!e pressure it!in t!e eye #intraocular pressure%" •

•

•

 Angle+closure glaucoma is an emergency" T!is is very different from open+angle glaucoma, !ic! painlessly and sloly damages vision" -f you !ave !ad acute glaucoma in one eye, you are at ris$ for an attac$ in t!e second eye, and your doctor is li$ely to recommend preventive treatment" Dilating eye drops and certain medications may trigger an acute glaucoma attac$"

c% Congenital Glaucoma" •

-t is present at birt!

•

-t results from t!e abnormal development of t!e fluid outflo c!annels in t!e eye

d% Secondary Glaucoma is caused byB •

Drugs suc! as corticosteroids

•

Eye diseases suc! as uveitis

•

Systemic diseases

CLINICAL SIGN

T!ere are clinical sign of Glaucoma B + O( A(), ;C2%*('/ G,+$/*+ •

1ost people !ave no symptoms until t!ey begin to lose vision

•

Gradual loss of perip!eral #side% vision #also called tunnel vision%

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