Gizale O. Tumbaga V Atty. Manuel P. Teoxon: A.C. No. 5573 November 21, 2017. EN BANC. (Leonardo-De Castro) Facts

 

Mrjss Caajr`ncty `be Mrjss Acsijbeuit

MC_@ND J. UTAG@M@ v @UUS. A@BTDN [. U UDJ\JB DJ\JB @.I. Bj. 44=9 Bjvdagdr 70, 7;0=. DB G@BI. (Ndjb`rej-Ed I`strj)  H@IUY? Mcz`nd Uuag`m Mcz`nd Uuag`m` ` hcn hcnde de `b `eacbc `eacbcstr str`tc `tcvd vd ijapn`c ijapn`cbt bt `m`cbs `m`cbstt @tty. @tty. A`budn A`budn [.  Udjxjb hjr tld `nndmde mrjss caajr`ncty, edidcthun, hr`ueundbt `be mrjss acsijbeuit. Yld `nndmde tl`t tldy adt wldb @tty. Udjxjb w`s tldb tld Icty Ndm`n Jhhcidr jh B`m` Icty `be hrja wlja sld sjumlt hjr ndm`n `evcid. Yld in`cade tl`t @tty. Udjxjb vcsctde ldrr jhtd ld jhtdb b `be `be vjnub vjnubtd tddr drde de tj gd ldr ldr sj sjb– b–s s mj mjeh eh`t `tld ldr. r. @ rd rdn` n`tc tcjb jbsl slcp cp w`s w`s hj hjra rade de gdtwddb gdtwdd b tlda `be Uuag`m` Uuag`m` ajvde wctl @tty. Udj Udjxjb xjb tldrd`htdr tldrd`htdr.. @ g`gy w`s gjrbd jut jh tldcr `hh`cr gut @tty. Udjxjb r`rdny vcsctde tlda wlcil a`ed ijapn`cb`bt ediced tj wjrf cb ` n`w jhhcid. @tty. Udjxjb ijapdnnde ldr tj rdscmb cb `ssur`bid tl`t ld wjune suppjrt tlda gy dxdiutcbm `be `hhce`vct `be ` prjacssjry bjtd gut h`cnde tj ej sj. sj. Cb Yd Ydpt ptda dagd gdrr 7;;0 7;;0,, @tty @tty.. Ud Udjx jxjb jb r` r`ce cede de tld tld bdw bdw rdsc rdsced edbi bid d jh Uuag Uuag`m `m` ` `iijap`bcde gy tlrdd Y]@U adagdrs `be lcs wchd, tlrd`tdbcbm tj lurt ldr ch sld ece bjt rdturb tld pdrsjb`n gdnjbmcbms tl`t ld ndht cb tld prdvcjus `p`rtadbt. `p` rtadbt. @tty. @tt y. Udjxjb Udjxjb edbcde edbcde `nn tld `nndm`tcj `nndm`tcjbs bs `be ijbtdbede ijbtdbede tl`t tl`t Uuag`m Uuag`m` ` jbny  jbny  w`btde tj dx`it ajbdy hrja lca. @ntljuml ld cbedde cs tld mjeh`tldr jh tld ilcne ld edbcde l`vcbm gjrbd ` g`gy hrja tldcr rdn`tcjbslcp. Ld `eede tl`t tld `nndmde vcscts w`s jbny hjr lca tj nd`vd ` g`m jh injtlcbm cb Uuag`m`–s ljusd tj s`vd ajbdy hjr lcs h`rd cb mjcbm tj tld Ljusd jh Wdprdsdbt`tcvds cb Pudzjb Icty. Ld `nsj in`cade tl`t  Uuag`m` h`nschcde lcs scmb`turd cb tld Idrtchci`td jh Ncvd Gcrtl jh tldcr ilcne `be tl`t sld hjrmde hjrmde lcs scmb`turd scmb`turd cb tld @hhce`vct @hhce`vct jh Yupppj Yupppjrt. rt. [citur [citurds ds wdrd wdrd prdsdb prdsdbtde tde gy   Uuag`m` jh lca ljnecbm tldcr g`gy, gut @tty. Udjxjb s`ce cb edhdbsd tl`t tljsd wdrd t`fdb cb sdirdt `be tld ilcne w`s oust ndht cb lcs i`rd6 wlcil w`s ` sildad tj mdt ajbdy hrja lca.

CYYTD? ]`s tld @tty. Udjxjb mucnty jh mrjss caajr`ncty `be mrjss acsijbeuit: WTNCBM? Sds, @tty. Sds, @tty. Udjxjb Udjxjb w`s mucnty jh mrjss mrjss caajr` caajr`nct ncty y `be mrjss acsijbeuit acsijbeuit hjr h`cncbm tj ncvd up tj tld mjje ajr`n ijbeuit rdqucrde jh tld adagdrs jh tld ndm`n prjhds prj hdsscjb scjb.. @tty. @tty. Udjxjb Udjxjb vcjn`t vcjn`tde de tld hjnnjwcbm hjnnjwcbm Wunds Wunds `be I`bjbs I`bjbs jh tld Ijed jh  [rjhdsscjb`n Wdspjbscgcncty (I[W)? Wund 0.;0 - @ n`wydr sl`nn bjt dbm`md cb ubn`whun, ecsljbdst, caajr`n jr  edidcthun ijbeuit. I@BJB = - @ n`wydr sl`nn `t `nn tcads upljne tld cbtdmrcty `be ecmbcty jh  tld ndm`n prjhdsscjb, `be suppjrt tld `itcvctcds jh tld Cbtdmr`tde G`r.

 

Wund =.;9 - @ n`wydr sl`nn bjt dbm`md cb ijbeuit tl`t `evdrsdny rdhndits  jb lcs hctbdss tj pr`itcid n`w, bjr sljune ld, wldtldr cb pugnci jr prcv`td  nchd nchd,, gdl` gdl`vd vd cb ` si`b si`be` e`nj njus us a`bb a`bbdr dr tj tl tld d ec ecsi sird rdec ectt jh tl tld d nd ndm` m`n  n   prjhdsscjb. Ct cs dxpditde tl`t dvdry n`wydr, gdcbm `b jhhcidr jh tld Ijurt, aust bjt jbny gd cb h`it jh mjje ajr`n il`r`itdr, gut aust `nsj gd sddb tj gd jh mjje ajr`n il`r`itdr `be nd`ecbmAjrd ncvdsspdichci`nny, cb `iijre`bid wctljhtld ` adagdr tldlcmldst G`r `be ajr`n jhhcidr st`be`res jh tld ijaaubcty. jh tld Ijurt cs rdqucrde bjt jbny tj rdhr`cb hrja `euntdrjus rdn`tcjbslcps jr fddpcb fdd pcbm m acstrds acstrdssds sds gut `nsj `nsj tj ijbeui ijbeuitt lcasdnh lcasdnh `s tj `vjce `vjce si`be` si`be`ncz nczcbm cbm tld pugnci gy ird`tcbm tld gdncdh tl`t ld cs hnjutcbm tljsd ajr`n st`be`res. Ch tld pr`itcid jh n`w cs tj rda`cb `b ljbjr`gnd prjhdsscjb `be `tt`cb cts g`sci ced`ns, wljdvdr cs dbrjnnde cb cts r`bfs sljune bjt jbny a`stdr cts tdbdts `be prcbicpnds gutt slju gu sljune ne `n `nsj sj,, cb tldc tldcrr nc ncvd vds, s, `iij `iijre re ijbt ijbtcb cbuc ucbm bm hc hced ednc ncty ty tj tlda tlda.. Uld rdqucrdadbt jh mjje ajr`n il`r`itdr cs jh auil mrd`tdr capjrt, `s h`r `s tld mdbdr`n pugnci cs ijbidrbde, tl`b tld pjssdsscjb jh ndm`n nd`rbcbm. Caajr`n ijbeuit l`s gddb edsircgde `s ijbeuit tl`t cs sj wcnnhun, hn`mr`bt, jr sl`a sl `adn dnds dss s `s tj sljw sljw cbech cbechhd hdrd rdbid bid tj tl tld d jpcb jpcbcj cjb b jh mjje mjje `be `be rd rdsp spdi dit` t`gn gnd d adagdrs jh tld ijaaubcty. Uj gd tld g`scs jh ecsicpncb`ry `itcjb, suil ijbeuit aust bjt jbny gd caajr`n, gut mrjssny caajr`n, tl`t cs, ct aust gd sj ijrrupt `s tj vcrtu`nny ijbstctutd ` ircacb`n `it jr sj ubprcbicpnde `s tj gd rdprdldbscgnd tj ` lcml edmrdd jr ijaacttde ubedr suil si`be`njus jr rdvjntcbm icriuast`bids `s tj sljif tld ijaajb sdbsd jh edidbiy. @t @tty ty.. Udjxj Udjxjb b `n `nsj sj tr trcde cde tj ecstj ecstjrt rt tl tld d trut trutl l tl tl`t `t ld `be `be Uuag Uuag`m `m` ` ece ncv ncvd d tjmdtldr tjmdtl dr `s lusg`be `be wchd cb jbd `p`rtadbt ubct. ubct. Uld trc`n ijurt hur hurtldr tldr pjsctde pjsctde tl`t tld pcdids jh hurbcturd sjumlt tj gd rdijvdrde gy rdspjbedbt wdrd cbedde gjumlt gy lca gut tld s`ad wdrd cbtdbtcjb`nny mcvdb tj ijapn`cb`bt jut jh njvd. Ind`rny, tld AUII AUI I w`s ijbvcb ijbvcbide ide tl`t tl`t rdspjb rdspjbedb edbtt `be ijapn`c ijapn`cb`b b`btt wdrd wdrd cbvjnv cbvjnvde de cb `b cnncict cnncict rdn`tcjbslcp tl`t dvdbtu`nny turbde sjur `be nde tj tld hcncbm jh tld rdpndvcb i`sd. Hr Hrja ja tld tld h` h`ic ic`n `n dxpr dxprds dssc scjb jbs s `be `be tld tld gjey gjey n` n`bm bmu` u`md md jh rdsp rdspjb jbed edbt bt `be `be ijapn`cb`bt cb pciturds prdsdbtde `s dvcedbid, tld s`ad ubh`cncbmny edajbstr`td tldcr ubac ub acst st`f `f`g `gnd nd injsd injsdbd bdss ss `be `be tl tldcr dcr n`if n`if jh qu`n qu`nas as jvdr jvdr pugnc pugncin iny y ecspn ecspn`y `ycb cbm m tl tldc dcrr `hhdit `hh ditcjb cjb tjw`re tjw`res s jbd `bjtld `bjtldr. r. Ulus, Ulus, tld `ttdap `ttdapts ts jh rdspjbe rdspjbedbt dbt tj ejwbpn ejwbpn`y `y lcs rdn`tcjbslcp wctl ijapn`cb`bt hnjp acsdr`gny. ]ctl rdspdit tj tld `hhce`vct jh suppjrt, tld prjacssjry prjacssjry bjtd, `be tld Idrtchci`t Idrtchci`td d jh Ncvd Gcrtl jh Gcnny Ojlb tl`t ijbt`cbde ijbt`cbde `b @hhce`vct jh @ifbjwndemadbt/ @eacsscjb jh [`tdrbcty, @tty. Udjxjb ncfdwcsd h`cnde tj prjvce prj vced d suhhci suhhcicdb cdbtt ijbtrj ijbtrjvdr vdrtcb tcbm m dvcedb dvcedbid id tldrdh tldrdhjr. jr. Iurcjus Iurcjusny, ny, rdspjb rdspjbedb edbtt ece bjt gjtldr tj dxpn`cb tld `hjrds`ce pciturds.  Uld Ijurt hcbes @tty. A`budn [. Udjxjb mucnty jh mrjss caajr`ncty `be cs suspdbede hrja tld pr`itcid jh n`w hjr tlrdd (9) yd`rs.