GIS

WELCOME to Introduction to Geographic Information Systems By Dr. Khalid Eldrandaly Associate Prof. of GIS

Course Objective „

This course provides an in depth introduction to the fundamental concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

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The course will cover the following topics: „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

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GIS overview GIS Functionality GIS Components Geographic Data Data Models Vector Data Model Raster Data Model Coordinate Systems and Map Projection GIS Data Acquisition GIS Data Editing Data Display and Cartography

Class Mechanics „ „ „ „

Prerequisite: None Lecture: 2 hours per week Two Lectures/Week (S – M) Lab: „

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‫ راﻧﺪا اﻟﺤﺮﺑﻰ‬/ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺎذة‬ ESRI VC Free Course

Getting Started with GIS

Course Point Allocation „ „ „ „ „ „

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First Exam ………….. …………..15 Second Exam …………………… 15 Lab …………….. ………………… 20 Attendance and Discussion....10 Final Exam…………………………40 Total………………………………….100

Lecture Resources Textbooks: „ Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, 5th edition, by Kang- Tsung Chang. (McGraw-Hill 2010). .‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﻴﻜﺎن‬-‫ دآﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻰ‬-‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻧﺎدى ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬-‫ وﺳﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬-‫اﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬ .‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬ Lecture notes www.kau.edu.sa/keldrandaly

Lab Resources „

GIS Tutorial, 3rd ed., ESRI Press

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ESRI Training and Education

http://training.esri.com/gateway/index.cfm

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Lecture 1 Overview of GIS

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As of February 2006, Geotechnologies is listed by the U.S. Department of Labor as one of the three most important emerging and evolving fields," along with Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Geotechnologies have turned computer mapping into a powerful decision- making tool!

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Global Positioning Systems (GPS) „

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Remote Sensing (RS) „

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use of satellites or aircraft to capture information about the earth’s surface

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) „

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a system of earth-orbiting satellites which can provide precise (100 meter to sub-cm.) location on the earth’s surface (in lat/long coordinates or equiv.)

at a minimum, comprises a capability for input, storage, manipulation and output of geographic information

GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GIS.

What is a GIS?

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Where did GIS come from? „

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GIS is built upon knowledge from geography, cartography, computer science, Information Systems, and mathematics Geographic Information Science is a new interdisciplinary field built out of the use and theory of GIS

Knowledge Base for GIS Computer Science/IS graphics visualization database system administration security

Application Area: GIS

Geography and related: cartography geodesy photogrammetry landforms spatial statistics.

public admin. planning geology mineral exploration forestry site selection marketing civil engineering criminal justice surveying

The convergence of technological fields and traditional disciplines.

Defining GIS „

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Different definitions of a GIS have evolved in different areas and disciplines All GIS definitions recognize that spatial data are unique because they are linked to maps (Space matters!) A GIS at least consists of a database, map information, and a computer-based link between them

GIS Definition „

“A geographic information system is a

computer-based information system that enables capture, modeling, storage, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, and presentation of geographically referenced data” (Worboys and Duckham, 2004, p.2).

Why does GIS Matter?

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Almost everything happens somewhere Knowing where some things happen is critically important „ „ „ „ „

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Position of country boundaries Location of hospitals Routing delivery vehicles Management of forest stands Allocation of funds for sea defenses

GIS is a special class of information systems that keeps track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of where these events, activities, and things happen or exist

Why Study GIS? „

80% of local government activities estimated to be geographically based „

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a significant portion of state government has a geographical component „ „

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natural resource management highways and transportation

businesses use GIS for a very wide array of applications

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retail site selection & customer analysis logistics: vehicle tracking & routing natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.) precision agriculture

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civil engineering and construction

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plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garbage garbage collection, land ownership and valuation

scientific research employs GIS „ „ „

geography, geology, botany anthropology, sociology, economics, political science Epidemiology, criminology

Five Ms of Applied GIS „ Mapping „ Measuring „ Monitoring „ Modeling „ Managing

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Examples of Applied GIS „

Urban Planning, Management & Policy „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

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Environmental Sciences „ „ „

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Zoning, subdivision planning Land acquisition Economic development Code enforcement Housing renovation programs Emergency response Crime analysis Tax assessment Monitoring environmental risk Modeling stormwater runoff Management of watersheds, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifers Environmental Impact Analysis Hazardous or toxic facility siting Groundwater modeling and contamination tracking

Political Science „ „ „

Redistricting Analysis of election results Predictive modeling

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Civil Engineering/Utility „ „ „

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Business „ „ „

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Attendance Area Maintenance Enrollment Projections School Bus Routing

Real Estate „ „ „

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Demographic Analysis Market Penetration/ Share Analysis Site Selection

Education Administration „

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Locating underground facilities Designing alignment for freeways, transit Coordination of infrastructure maintenance

Neighborhood land prices Traffic Impact Analysis Determination of Highest and Best Use

Health Care „ „ „

Epidemiology Needs Analysis Service Inventory

Brief History of GIS „

1960 – 70s Innovation „ „ „ „

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First GIS – Canada Land Inventory DIME US Bureau of Census Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI, Intergraph) Landsat satellite launched Key academic conferences (e.g. AutoCarto)

Brief History of GIS „

1980s Commercialization „ „ „ „

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2000s Exploitation „ „

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Commercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo) First GIS textbooks First global data sets Clinton Executive Order Internet becomes major deliver vehicle More than 1 million active users

Sources of Information on GIS „

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The amount of information available about GIS can be overwhelming Sources of GIS information include journals and magazines, books, professional societies, the World Wide Web, and conferences GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, professional organizations, and user groups Most colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in geography departments

GIS Resources: Conferences

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Major GIS Journals „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

International Journal of GIS Geographical Systems Transactions in GIS Geographic Information and Decision Analysis Computers, Environment, and Urban Systems Computers and Geosciences IEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and Applications Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing URISA Applied GIS

Popular Distribution Magazines „ „ „ „ „

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Geospatial solutions GIS Law Geoworld GPS World Mapping awareness/Mapping awareness and GIS in Europe/Asia/Africa

Professional Organizations „ „ „ „ „ „

URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities Management. AAG: The Association of American Geographers. ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. NACIS: North American Cartographic Information Society.

WWW Resources: NSDI

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Clarke GIS Internet Guide

GIS daily internet news/jobs „ „ „ „ „ „ „

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http://www.geoplace.com http://www.geoplace.com http://www.giscafe.com http://www.gis.com http://www.geographynetwork.com http://www.census.gov/geo/www/faqhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/faq-index.html http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.html

Next Topic: GIS Functionality

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