Gestion de Recursos Hidricos en Mexico

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG

XODUHPVDNMN

MONDOM

NHG

FXVFB EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPDMV T MP]XD^HF^XPM HVFXHGM QPBEHFDBOMG NH DOLHODHPDM FDUDG

^HKM9 LHV^DBO NH PHFXPVBV JDNPDFBV HO KHZDFB

MVDLOM^XPM9 DPPDLMFDBOHV NBFHO^H9 DOL.GXOM

GBMTYM FMPGBV

MGXKOBV9 •

  JMDNHPJ VDGUHPM M@HGGMOHNM

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  PBOMGN QMXG FM@MGGHPB FBO^PHPMV

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  KBOYBO JXDGGFM QBBG VMKXHG

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  FJPDV LGD@HP^ JMOV ^^D^B ^BPD@DB FXVFB-QHPX-0101-D

DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG

Fbothodnb NHVMPPBGGB .............................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................... > LHV^DÖO NH PHFXPVBV JËNPDFBV (NH KMOHPM LHOHPMG) ......................................................... 8 LHV^DBO NH PHFXPVBV JDNPDFBV HO KHZDFB ............................................................................. ............................................................................. 5 MLXM QGXUDMG............................................................ ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................... 5 MLXM VX@^HPPÍOHM ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ < FMGDNMN NH MLXM .................................................................................................................... < EXHO^HV NH FBO^MKDOMFDBO................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. < OBPKM^DUDNMN ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ : GHT NH MLXMV OMFDBOMGHV9 .................................................................................................... : QMPM MLXMV VX@^HPPMOHMV ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. =1 PH]XDVD^BV NH FBOEBPKDNMN FBO GM GHT NH MLXMV OMFDBOMGHV9 ..................................... == DKQGHKHO^MFDBO NH LHV^DBO NH FXHOFMV ...................................................................... ............................................................................ ...... == GBLPBV B@^HODNBV ............................................................. ................................................................................................................... ...................................................... =0 B@IH^DUBV NH GM LHV^DBO JDNPDFM HO KHZDFB M ^BKMP HO FXHO^M HO HG QHPX................ =8 Vb`rh hg b`ihtdvb =. Ebrtmghfhr gm lhstdöo dothlrmnm y susthotm`gh nhg mlum .......................... =8 Vb`rh hg b`ihtdvb 0 Dofrhkhotmr gm shlurdnmn jënrdfm moth shquëms h douonmfdbohs .............. =8 Vb`rh hg b`ihtdvb 6. Ebrtmghfhr hg m`msthfdkdhotb nh mlum y hg mffhsb m gbs shrvdfdbs nh mlum pbtm`gh, mgfmotmrdggmnb y smohmkdhotb.................................................................................... .................................................................................... =8 Vb`rh hg b`ihtdvb >. Dofrhkhotmr gms fmpmfdnmnhs täfodfms, fdhotëedfms y thfobgöldfms nhg shftbr.............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ......... =5 Vb`rh hg b`ihtdvb 8. Mshlurmr hg mlum pmrm hg rdhlb mlrëfbgm, hohrlëm, donustrdm, turdskb y btrms mftdvdnmnhs hfboökdfms y edomofdhrms nh kmohrm susthotm`gh ...................................... =5 Vb`rh hg b`ihtdvb 5. Fbosbgdnmr gm pmrtdfdpmfdöo nh Käxdfb ho hg fbothxtb dothromfdbomg ho kmthrdm nh mlum ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... =< MFFDBOHV T HV^PM^HLDMV PHQGDFM@GHV NH GM LHV^DBO JDNPDFM NH KHZDFB HO HG QHPX ..... =:

DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG

DO^PBNXFFDÖO

Fbkb dotrbnuffdöo nhfdkbs quh gms fbkpmrmfdbohs nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs nh Käxdfb fbo gbs nh Qhrù shrí momgdzmnbs ho hsth prhshoth doebrkh ho hg hstmnb nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs ho hg fbotdohoth mkhrdfmom `msíonbobs prdofdpmgkhoth ho hg fmk`db fgdkítdfb ho gbs ndehrhoths hstmnbs m odvhg lgb`mg nbonh sh hvmgùm sus rhfursbs jënrdfbs ndspbod`ghs, msë fbkb gm ohfhsdnmn nh lhstdbomrgbs pmrm msë pbnhr momgdzmr y fbkpmrmr gm lhstdöo nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs ho su lhstdöo nh fuhofms y gbs fumghs vhrdedfmrhkbs fbo gm ghy nh rhfursbs nhg Qhrù.

DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG

NHVMPPBGGB  Hg pmës nh Khxdfb tdhoh gm vbguotmn nh dkpugsmr gbs hseuhrzbs ohfhsmrdbs pmrm khibrmr gm lhstdöo nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs, hsphfdmgkhoth ho mquhggms gbfmgdnmnhs nbonh gms fbondfdbohs jënrdfms, hfboökdfms, smodtmrdms y jukmoms shmo khobs emvbrm`ghs. Qmrm mvmozmr ho gm shlurdnmn y susthotm`dgdnmn jënrdfm, hg QOJ dofguyh fbkb hghkhotb euonmkhotmg brnhomr gm hxpgbtmfdöo, usb y mprbvhfjmkdhotb nhg mlum ho fuhofms y mfuëehrbs, kbnhrodzmr y mkpgdmr gm khndfdöo nhg fdfgb nhg mlum y prbkbvhr gm khibrm phrkmohoth nhg lb`dhrob y lb`hromozm nhg mlum pmrm dofrhkhotmr su hedfmfdm vëm gm pmrtdfdpmfdöo sbfdmg y gm fbbrndomfdöo dothr h dotrmdostdtufdbomg dotrmdostdtufdbomg pmrm ndskdoudr hg rdhslb nh fboegdftbs. Qmrm suphrmr gbs lrmonhs y fbkpghibs nhsmeëbs ho kmthrdm nh mlum, hs prdkbrndmg sukmr vbguotmnhs, fmpmfdnmnhs y rhfursbs3 msë fbkb fmk`dmr gm ebrkm trmndfdbomg nh gm rhgmfdöo nh sbfdhnmn y lb`dhrob fbo hsth rhfursb, hs nhfdr, hrrmndfmr gm vdsdöo nhg mlum fbkb rhfursb domlbtm`gh, pmrm sustdtudrgm pbr uom vdsdöo quh rhfbobzfm mg mlum fbkb uo `dho hsfmsb y nh frhfdhoth fbstb hfboökdfb-edomofdhrb, sbfdmg y mk`dhotmg, quh ho fboshfuhofdm hs ohfhsmrdb lhstdbomr rhspbosm`ghkhoth. Ho hsth shotdnb, hg prhshoth b`ihtdvb nhg QOJ sh brdhotm mg gblrb nh gm lhstdöo dothlrmnm nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs y sdkugtíohmkhoth, hstrufturmr uom eörkugm nh nhsmrrbggb jënrdfb fbkpmtd`gh fbo gms pbsdfdbohs pgurmghs quh lumrnmo gms fbrrdhoths pbgëtdfms, gms phrfhpfdbohs y nhkmonms sbfdmghs, gms nhsdlumgnmnhs nh läohrb y hfboökdfms, gbs nhsmeëbs mk`dhotmghs y gm ohfhsdnmn nh phredgmr lrmnumgkhoth uo Käxdfb kís iustb, prbnuftdvb, fbosfdhoth y ho khibr sdotboëm fbo hg mk`dhoth quh gb rbnhm.

DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG

LHV^DÖO NH PHFXPVBV JËNPDFBV (NH KMOHPM LHOHPMG)  Hg Hstmnb hoerhotm uo hobrkh rhtb pmrm quh gbs kuodfdpdbs prbvhmo m gm pb`gmfdöo gbs shrvdfdbs nh mlum pbtm`gh, nrhomih, mgfmotmrdggmnb, trmtmkdhotb y ndspbsdfdöo nh gms mlums rhsdnumghs, y fbotrd`udr m fukpgdr fbo hg nhrhfjb jukmob mg mlum, quh sh rhedhrh mg mffhsb nh mlum suedfdhoth, smgu`rh, mfhptm`gh y mshqud`gh. Hs pbr hggb quh gbs pbnhrhs ghldsgmtdvb y hihfutdvb kmotdhoho h dkpugsmo gbs su`sdndbs m trmväs nh prblrmkms ehnhrmgdzmnb ehnhrmgdzmnbs, s, m edo nh nhsmrrbggmr b`rms y mffdbohs quh dofrhkhotho y khibrho hstbs shrvdfdbs ho hg pmës. Mgfmozmr hsth b`ihtdvb hxdlh gm pmrtdfdpmfdöo fboiuotm y fbbrndomnm nh gbs ndstdotbs örnhohs nh lb`dhrob y gm sbfdhnmn, dofguyhonb gm dodfdmtdvm prdvmnm, msukdhonb gm rhspbosm`dgdnmn quh m fmnm uob gh fbrrhspbonh y mftumonb fboebrkh sus mtrd`ufdbohs y ík`dtb nh fbkphthofdm. Vus prdofdpmghs mffdbohs nh gm ghy nh rhfursbs jdnrdfbs khxdfmob

  Vh dofrhkhotmrbo b khibrmrbo gbs shrvdfdbs nh mlum pbtm`gh, mgfmotmrdggmnb y

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smohmkdhotb m trmväs nhg Qrblrmkm QPBMLXM, pmrm gb fumg sh ebrkmgdzmrbo 6= mohxbs nh hihfufdöo y täfodfbs hotrh Fbomlum h dlumg oùkhrb nh hstmnbs pbr uo tbtmg nh => kdg kdggbohs nh phsbs dofguyhonb gms mpbrtmfdbohs hstmtmghs y kuodfdpmghs.

  M trmväs nhg Mpmrtmnb Xr`mob nhg Qrblrmkm QPBMLXM, ho gbfmgdnmnhs fbo

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pb`gmfdöo kmybr m 0,811 jm`dtmoths sh fmomgdzmrbo >,>5>.: kdggbohs nh phsbs nh dovhrsdöo ehnhrmg y 6,>1=.1 kdggbohs mpbrtmnbs pbr gm fbotrmpmrth hstmtmg.

  Vh hgm`brö hg mothprbyhftb nh Obrkm Bedfdmg Khxdfmom quh hstm`ghfh

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hsphfdedfmfdbohs y rhqudsdtbs pmrm gm tbkm y nhsfmrlm quh sh nh`ho fukpgdr ho gms pgmotms nhsmgdodzmnbrms b prbfhsbs quh lhohrho mlums nh rhfjmzb, smgb`rhs b smgdoms. Ho hg kmrfb nhg QPBNNHP, sh susfrd`dhrbo ,84=.= kdggbohs nh phsbs, pmrm gm hihfufdöo nh 6,:65 mffdbohs nh khibrmkdhotb nh gm doermhstrufturm nh mlum pbtm`gh y smohmkdhotb ho tbnb hg pmës

DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG

LHV^DBO NH PHFXPVBV JDNPDFBV HO KHZDFB Hg mlum ho Käxdfb pmnhfh lrmvhs nhshqudgd`rdbs ho su fdfgb omturmg nh vdnm, fbkb9 sb`rhhxpgbtmfdöo nh gbs mfuëehrbs, fbotmkdomfdöo, mnkdodstrmfdöo domnhfumnm, eulms y uo dohqudtmtdvb m`mstb ho gms ndehrhoths rhldbohs nhg pmës, pbr fbondfdbohs lhblríedfms y sbfdbhfboökdfms drrhlugmrhs y gm emgtm nh uom mnkdodstrmfdöo mprbpdmnm quh lmrmotdfh hg nhrhfjb jukmob m hsh rhfursb, rhsukdhrbo hxphrtbs rhuodnbs ho gm Xodvhrsdnmn Omfdbomg Mutöobkm nh Käxdfb (XOMK) nh Käxdfb. T prbpboho mgkmfhomr hg mlum ho gbs mfuëehrbs, puhstb quh ob sh mprbvhfjm hg mlum ho mgluoms pmrths nh Käxdfb, tmk`däo trmtm nh gm pb`gmfdöo quh ndfh quh ob b`tuvb gm fmpmfdnmn ohfhsmrdm pmrm nbtmr hg mlum y su nrhomih, gms quh sbo prdkbrndmghs pmrm quh su pb`gmfdöo surim. Vhlùo gm dovhstdlmnbrm Fgmundm Vjhdo`muk hg 81% nh gm pb`gmfdöo khxdfmom rhfd`h mlum pbr tmonhb, hs nhfdr mghmtbrdmkhoth b m vhfhs ob gm rhfd`h, pbr hggb y gm kmgm mnkdodstrmfdöo nh mlum Käxdfb suerdö uom phrndnm nh kms nh 811 kdggbohs nh nögmrhs ho su ùgtdkm shquëm. T shlùo Ehgdph Mrrhluëo Fbrtäs, ndrhftbr nhg Dostdtutb Khxdfmob nh ^hfobgblëm nhg Mlum, ndfh quh kufjbs nh gbs prb`ghkms sh nh`ho m quh = gbfmgdzmnms ho fuhrpbs nh mlum suphredfdmg, =4 ho fbstms y 08 ho mfuëehrbs, shlùo (FBOMLXM, 011:). Gm kmybrëm nh gms hstmfdbohs hstío gbfmgdzmnms ho gms zboms pb`gmnms y mgluoms zboms donustrdmgdzmnms.

EXHO^HV NH FBO^MKDOMFDB FBO^MKDOMFDBO O Gms prdofdpmghs euhoths nh fbotmkdomfdöo nhg mlum ho Käxdfb tdhoho su brdlho ho gm `msurm quh sh mrrbim m gbs sdsthkms nh mgfmotmrdggmnb y m rëbs y gmlbs3 m gms nhsfmrlms nh gbs fhotrbs ur`mobs y nh gms donustrdms, y m gms írhms mlrëfbgms, prdofdpmghs rhspbosm`ghs nh gm fbotmkdomfdöo ndeusm ho hg pmës. Käxdfb rhfdhothkhoth dofbrpbrö ho sus pbgëtdfms hghkhotbs pmrm gblrmr gm hqudnmn nh läohrb ho hg mffhsb y fbotrbg nhg mlum. Hggb fbkb rhsugtmnb nh gm doeguhofdm nh brlmodskbs dothromfdbomghs DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG quh nhsnh gm näfmnm nh gbs mýbs . Dofrhkhotmr gms fmpmfdnmnhs täfodfms, fdhotëedfms y thfobgöldfms nhg shftbr B`ihtdvb 8. Mshlurmr hg mlum pmrm hg rdhlb mlrëfbgm, mlrëfbgm , hohrlëm, donustrdm, turdskb y btrms mftdvdnmnhs hfboökdfms y edomofdhrms nh kmohrm susthotm`gh B`ihtdvb 5. Fbosbgdnmr gm pmrtdfdpmfdöo nh Käxdfb ho hg fbothxtb dothromfdbomg ho kmthrdm nh mlum Gm pbgëtdfm jënrdfm nh gm prhshoth mnkdodstrmfdöo fbosdnhrm gms khndnms ohfhsmrdms pmrm jmfhr erhoth m gbs nbs lrmonhs nhsmeëbs ho kmthrdm nh mlum9 mshlurmr mlum suedfdhoth ho fmotdnmn y fmgdnmn pmrm tbnbs gbs usbs y lmrmotdzmr gm shlurdnmn jënrdfm nh gbs khxdfmobs. Gbs rhsugtmnbs mgfmozmnbs ho hg 01=5, sh brdhotmrbo m khibrmr gm mnkdodstrmfdöo nhg mlum, khndmoth hg ebrtmghfdkdhotb nh gm khndfdöo nh gm fmotdnmn, fmgdnmn y ndspbod`dgdnmn nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs nhg pmës3 gm rhlugmrdzmfdöo nh gbs tríkdths nh fbofhsdbohs y nhrhfjbs nhg mlum y hg ebkhotb nh gm pmrtdfdpmfdöo nh gm sbfdhnmn ho hg kmohib y lhstdöo dothlrmnm nh gbs rhfursbs jënrdfbs. Msdkdskb, sh fbotdoumrbo mffdbohs y b`rms jdnríugdfms pmrm hghvmr gm fmgdnmn nh vdnm nh gbs khxdfmobs ho fbbrndomfdöo fbo gbs ndehrhoths mftbrhs nhg shftbr mlum nh gbs trhs örnhohs nh lb`dhrob, ho trhs lrmonhs ru`rbs9 mlum pbtm`gh, nrhomih y smohmkdhotb, doermhstrufturm jdnrbmlrëfbgm, y prbthffdöo m fhotrbs nh pb`gmfdöo. Gms b`rms rhmgdzmnms sbo mkdlm`ghs fbo hg khndb mk`dhoth y fbotrd`uyho mg gblrb nh gm susthotm`dgdnmn. Gms ouhvms euhoths nh m`msthfdkdhotb, gms fbondfdbohs smgu`rhs ho hg nhsmgbib nh gms mlums rhsdnumghs, hg trmtmkdhotb y gm rhutdgdzmfdöo nhg mlum, msë fbkb gm shlurdnmn nh gm pb`gmfdöo moth ehoökhobs jdnrbkhthbrbgöldfbs hxtrhkbs, sbo `mshs euonmkhotmghs pmrm hg nhsmrrbggb y prbsphrdnmn nh ouhstrb pmës. Ho hsth shotdnb, pmrm fbotdoumr fbo hg brnhomkdhotb y rhlugmrdzmfdöo nh gbs usbs nhg mlum, ho hg 01=5 sh mftumgdzö gm ndspbod`dgdnmn khndm moumg nh gms ,111 fbofhsdbohs mfbrnh fbo gm ndspbod`dgdnmn hehftdvm nhg rhfursb, fbo gb fumg sh mvmozm ho hg brnhomkdhotb y hxpgbtmfdöo nh gms mlums omfdbomghs. Gm prbthffdöo mk`dhotmg y nh gbs hehftbs ohlmtdvbs nhg kmohib nh mlums rhsdnumghs sbo  prdbrdnmnhs nh gm shlurdnmn jënrdfm, pbr gb quh dkpbrtmoths mffdbohs sh dkpugsmrbo ho kmthrdm nh trmtmkdhotb y smohmkdhotb dothlrmg nh fuhofms. DPPDLMFDBOHV

 

XODUHPVDNMN MONDOM NHG FXVFB  EMFXG^MN NH DOLHODHPËM DOLHODHPËM T MP]XD^HF^XPM  HVFXHGM QPBEHVDBOMG QPBEHVDBOMG NH DOLHODHPËM FDUDG Ho hg kmrfb nhg Qrblrmkm nh Nhsmrrbggb ^urëstdfb Vusthotm`gh, m trmväs nhg Qrblrmkm nh Qgmyms Gdkpdms sh prbkuhvh hg smohmkdhotb dothlrmg nh gms pgmyms y fuhrpbs nh mlum msbfdmnbs, msë fbkb gm fhrtdedfmfdöo nh gms kdskms ho hg ík`dtb dothromfdbomg3 ho hg 01=5 sh rhfhrtdedfmrbo =0 pgmyms y fumtrb b`tuvdhrbo pbr prdkhrm vhz fhrtdedfmnbs omfdbomghs. Vh b`tuvdhrbo 08 lmgmrnbohs dothromfdbomghs @guh Egml, nh gbs fumghs fumtrb sh b`tuvdhrbo  pbr prdkhrm vhz. Msdkdskb, sh ebkhotö gm pmrtdfdpmfdöo rhspbosm`gh nh gbs usumrdbs pmrm khibrmr gm fugturm fbotrd`utdvm y nh fukpgdkdhotb edsfmg fboebrkh m gm obrkmtdvdnmn mpgdfm`gh ho kmthrdm nh mlums omfdbomghs. Nh hstm kmohrm, sh jm ebrtmghfdnb gm pbgëtdfm edsfmg quh mpgdfm gm Fbkdsdöo Omfdbomg nhg Mlum (Fbomlum), fbo gb fumg sh ebkhotm gm rhotm`dgdnmn y fbkphtdtdvdnmn khndmoth gm mnhfumfdöo nh gms fbotrd`ufdbohs edsfmghs ho kmthrdm nh mlum y sus `dhohs pù`gdfbs dojhrhoths, prhvdstbs ho gm Ghy Ehnhrmg nh Nhrhfjbs. Hg kbotb prhgdkdomr nh rhfmunmfdöo pbr fbotrd`ufdbohs y mprbvhfjmkdhotbs ho kmthrdm nh mlums omfdbomghs y `dhohs pù`gdfbs dojhrhoths nhg 01=5, msfhondö m =:,68:.> kdggbohs nh phsbs, gm fumg suphrö gm kíxdkm fderm rhfmunmtbrdm rhldstrmnm ho hg mýb 01=8, fuyb kbotb euh nh =5,406.: kdggbohs nh phsbs (fbostmoths nhg 01=5). Hs nh rhsmgtmr gm rhfmunmfdöo pbr hg fbofhptb nh usb nh fuhrpb rhfhptbr quh rhldströ uo dofrhkhotb ho tärkdobs rhmghs nh m 01=8, fbo `hohedfdbs hfboökdfbmk`dhotmghs ho gms nhsfmrlms nh =