German Bush y Su Participación 2

 

 

Mfrdal Kusc y Ru _artgbgpabgòl Fl Ia Mufrra Efi Bcabh

Lhdkrf: Mutgfrrfz Ifefsda Jfllg`fr Glegra

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GLEGBF

GLU[HEVBBGHL...............................................................................................................................................................; EFRA[[HIIH...................................................................................................................................................................5 IA @ADGIGA KVRBC KFBF[[A.......................................................................................................................................5 FI BA[DFL EFI GUÇLFZ, BVLA LAUAI EF MF[DÁL KVRBC KFBF[[A........................................................................5 EHDGBGIGH EF IA @ADGIGA KVRBC-KFBF[[A FL U[GLGEAE.........................................................................................6 FEVBABGÒL FRBHIA[, [HDALBF W RV FS_VIRGHL EFI BHIFMGH LABGHLAI "0 EF AMHRUH....................................6 PGEA BAD_FRU[F EF MF[DÁL KVRBC, FL IAR CABGFLEAR EF IHR APGIA-AIPA[AEH.............................................6 AI BHIFMGH DGIGUA[ BHL HU[HR JÒPFLFR KFLGALHR..............................................................................................0 MF[DÁL KVRBC KFBF[[A FL FI BHIFMGH DGIGUA[ W FI BHLRVIAEH KFLGALH, FL IA _AZ....................................0 FL KVRBA EF IA DGRGÒL EF RAL GMLABGH EF ZADVBHR, FL IA [FMGÒL EFI BCABH...............................................0 FI BH[AJF CF[HGBH W IFMFLEA[GH EF MF[DÁL KVRBC FL IA MVF[[A EFI BCABH...............................................0 BHLBIVBGHLFR...............................................................................................................................................................7 KGKIGHM[A@GA................................................................................................................................................................1? ALFSHR.........................................................................................................................................................................11

 

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GLU[HEVBBGHL

 

Fstf trakajh fsta cfbch bhl fi `gl ef sakfr dás f gl`hrdarlhs shkrf Mfrdal Kusc y su partgbgpabgòl fl ia mufrra efi bcabh. Rhkrç su vgea, ihs subfsh quf pasarhl fl ia mufrra efi bcabh y bhl quç `gl.

 

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EFRA[[HIIH

Mfrdál Kusbc `uf prheubth ef ia Mufrra efi Bcabh. Iifmò a ias trglbcfras basg lgñh. Fl fi kautgsdh ef `ufmh sf cgzh chdkrf y brfbgò casta ias egdflsghlfs shkrflaturaifs efi cçrhf. Ru tfdpfradflth fra sflbgiih, fdhtgvh, glmfluh f glhbfltf. Fl su aida lh sf eakal fi fmhäsdh, ia cgphbrfsäa lg ia flvgega. Fra akgfrth y sglbfrh bhdh ihs phkiaehrfs ef ia iialura. Adaka a sus shieaehs y çsths ih adakal a çi, sgl dfegr lg rfmatfar fl dfegh efi `ramhr ef iasakataiias. Kusbc tfdpiò [hdpäa su fspärgtu y su `ufrza fi flpfigmrh ia mufrra. Bfltaurhsabrg`gbghs efi khsbajf, fra tfdgeh y aedgraeh ia vfz phr fi flfdgmh. bfrbhs, mhipfaka ia rftamuarega, rftamuarega, chstgmaka ihs `ialbhs y sf aizaka gdkatgkif fl ia prgdfra iälfa ef bhdkatf. Kusbc fra bhdh fi truflh, fi rfiádpamh y ai dgsdh tgfdph fi rayh.Laegf ca cfbch theaväa ula vaihrabgòl mihkai ef ia vgea y hkra ef Kusbc. Rg fi pufkih qugfrf ul cçrhf ef vfreae, sg ia juvfltue khigvgala lfbfsgta ul paraegmda ef vgrtuefs, ef vaihr, ef bhrajf, ef chdkräa, ef gefaifs y ef sufñhs ef _atrga mralef y justa, acä fstá ia `gmura sfñfra ef Mfrdál Kusbc. IA @ADGIGA KVRBC KFBF[[A Ihs paerfs ef Mfrdál Kusbc Kfbfrra `ufrhl fi dçegbh _akih Kusbc Kusbc, labgeh fl Dulstfr, Aifdalga, fl 1305 y ia eada kflgala [aqufi Kfbfrra Pgiiavgbflbgh Pgiiavgbflbgh,, labgea fl Urglgeae ef Dhjhs fi ;5 ef sfptgfdkrf ef 13=5. Bhltrajfrhl datrgdhlgh fl ia gmifsga bhihlgai ef ia bapgtai kflgala fi 1; ef julgh ef 1372. _hr ihs `rfbufltfs vgajfs ef ia `adgiga Kusbc-Kfbfrra, sus cgjhs labgfrhl fl eg`frfltfs rfmghlfs efi Kflg y Ralta Bruz: Jhsf`gla, fl Urglgeae fi 3 ef dayh ef 1376, basaea fl ia dgsda bgueae bhl fi sukegth  japhlçs Dgmufi Ngyhth> Kfrtca Kflg, fl fi räh Kflg, bfrba ef Babcufia Fspfralza Fspfralza,, fi 13 ef `fkrfrh ef 137=, basaea fl Urglgeae bhl fi sfñhr Radufi Ávgia Aivaraeh, ef ehlef sf efsprflefl ias bhlhbgeas `adgigas trglgtargas Ávgia-Kusbc y Ávgia-Bcávfz> Figsa, fl Ral Javgfr ef Bcgqugths fi ;= ef flfrh ef 17??, basaea bhl fi prh`fshr Aikfrth Latusbc Pfiasbh, ef ehlef sf efrgval ias `adgigas Latusbc-Kusbc y htras avfbgleaeas fl [gkfraita> _akih, fi ;= ef lhvgfdkrf ef 17?1, bfrba ef Ral Javgfr ef Bcgqugths, kabcgiifr  efi Bhifmgh Labghlai "0 ef Amhsth" ef Urglgeae> y `glaidfltf, Mfrdál, labgeh fl Fi Bardfl efi Gtçlfz, fi ;2 ef darzh ef 17?2, qugfl rfaigzò sus fstueghs prgdarghs y partf ef ihs sfbulearghs fl ia bapgtai kflgala. Pargas `adgigas trglgtargas quf efsbgflefl ef adkhs apfiigehs Kusbc y Kfbfrra, bhlsfrval casta chy rftraths mralefs fldarbaehs bhl efegbathrgas efi prhpgh _rfsgefltf ef ia [fpúkigba, bhdh fi quf sf dufstra fl fsta `hthmra`äa bhlsfrvaea phr ia `adgiga Ávgia-Ruárfz, efsprflegea ef Mfrdál Ávgia Kusbc y  Aibgra Bcávfz [ähs. Fsta `gla mfltgifza, sgmlg`gba quf Mfrdál Kusbc Kfbfrra muareaka ul a`fbtuhsh rfbufreh ef thehs sus pargfltfs bfrbalhs ef ia bgueae ehlef çi brfbgò y sf feubò efsef duy lgñh. FI BA[DFL EFI GUÇLFZ, BVLA LAUAI EF MF[DÁL KVRBC KFBF[[A Ef ia traegbgòl hrai ai ehbudflth juräegbh. Ih quf fra ula bhlhbgea traegbgòl hrai fl fi pufkih bardfigtalh y fl ia prhiä`gba efsbfleflbga ef Iugs Ruárfz Ruárfz, _aerglh ef Amua ef Mfrdál Kusbc, a partgr efi dartfs ;6 ef flfrh ef ;?11, ya fs ul ehbudflth ifmai bhl thea `ufrza juräegba. Fl fsta `fbca, fi Lhtargh ef Cabgflea y ef Mhkgfrlh Efpartadfltai, Akhm. Maegfi Aifjalerh Higva [ugz, rfmgstrò ias efbiarabghlfs  juraeas ef ihs `adgigarf `adgigarfss efi altfs lhdkraeh Iugs Ruárfz Ruárfz, sgmugfle sgmugfleh h ef gzqugfrea a efrfbca ia `hthmra`äa: sfñhra Arbfiga Pfiaref Pea. ef Ruárfz,Mugiifrdh Fspglhza Ruárfz ,[ustal Fspglhza Dhròl y Laphifòl Ruárfz Pgeai . Fiihs tfstg`gbal -fltrf htrhs aspfbths fsflbgaifs- quf Mfrdál Kusbc Kfbfrra tudkò su hdkigmh fl ia cabgflea "Ia _adpgta", sgtuaea fl ias mhtfras efi baltòl Fi Bardfl efi Gtçlfz, fi ;2 ef darzh ef 17?2. Bhdh ia brgatura iihrò dubch thea ula lhbcf, sgmugfleh bhstudkrfs batòigbas, su dadá ih cgzh kautgzar  bhl amua efi räh Kialbh, sgfleh su paerglh fi ya dflbghlaeh Iugs Ruárfz Ruárfz y su sfñhra Feuarea Curtaeh. aiudkradgflth subfegò ia `adgiga lavfmaka fstf räh, fl vgajf cabga Ral Javgfr ef Fi Bcgqugths, ehlef ya cakäabualeh fstaeh altfs phr Kusbc-Kfbfrra lfmhbghs.

 

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EHDGBGIGH EF IA @ADGIGA KVRBC-KFBF[[A KVRBC-KFBF[[A FL U[GLGEAE  Ai phbh tgfdph ef kautgzaeh Mfrdál fl Ral Javgfr, fi Er. _akih Kusbc Kusbc akalehlò a su ``adgiga adgiga,, ia Rra. [aqufi bhl sus bglbh cgjhs pfqufñhs rfthrlò a Urglgeae, ia bgueae ef su labgdgflth, ehlef fiia shia brgò y feubò a sus cgjas f cgjhs rhefálehifs ef prhtfbbgòl, adhr y sfltgeh ef rfsphlsakgigeae. Ia `ht `hthmr hmra`ä a`äa a du dufst fstra ra ia bas basa a Kus Kusbcbc-Kf Kfbfr bfrra ra ukgba ukgbaea ea fl ia fsq fsqug ugla la ef ias ias bai baiifs ifs "Ia "Ia _az _az"" y "13 ef Lhvgfdkrf", Lhvgfdkrf ", fxabtadfltf ehlef efspuçs fi gldgmraltf japhlçs Iugs Hjara bhlstruyò su rfsgeflbga ef ehs pialtas. FEVBABGÒL FRBHIA[, [HDALBF W RV FS_VIRGHL EFI BHIFMGH LABGHLAI "0 EF AMHRUH" Efkgeh a quf a ias fsbasas sfdalas ef labgeh fi lgñh Mfrdál ia sfñhra [aqufi rfthrlò bhl thehs sus cgjhs a Urglgeae y altf ia `aita ef ul Nglefr, su dadá ihs glgbgò fl ias prgdfras iftras fl ia Fsbufia _artgbuiar ef ia sfñhra Justa Artfama Ufrrazas, cfrdala efi phfta [a`afi Artfama Ufrrazas. A ia feae ef = añhs, `uf su prh`fshra ia sfñhra Adazhlas Muzdál, bhl qugfl sf bhlhbf ia sgmugfltf alçbehta quf rfvfia su bhlhbgdgflth y bargñh a ia ealza autòbthla fdkifdátgba ef Urglgeae y fi Kflg:   -Mfrdalbgth -Mfrdalbgth,, ¸quç efsfas ssfr fr bua bualeh leh sf sfas as mral mralef8 ef8 -¡Jf -¡Jf`f `f ef ihs Da Dabcftfrhs, bcftfrhs, sfñhrgta! Bualeh bursaka ihs prgdfrhs añhs fl fi Bhifmgh Labghlai "0 ef Amhsth" ef ia bgueae ef Urglgeae, sus rfiabghlfs sfltgdfltaifs bhl su bhlegsbäpuia Iftgbga Fmùfz (lhdkrf bhrrfbth: Iftgbga Ia Jagiif Fmùfz (L.[), (L.[ ), `ufr `ufrhl hl bhls bhlsgefr gefraeas aeas bhdh glefbhr glefbhrhsas hsas phr fi Bhl Bhlsfjh sfjh ef _rh`f _rh`fshrf shrfs, s, rfsh rfshivgf ivgfleh leh fxpu fxpuisar isarih, ih, salbgòl quf if `uf badkgaea phr ia paidfta. Bualeh fi egrfbthr efi bhifmgh Amustäl [gvfrh fstaka phr  apigbar fi bastgmh `äsgbh, fi `hrzueh bhifmgai, bhl 10 añhs, akrgò ihs krazhs bhl flfrmäa hbasghlálehif ul `ufrtf rfvçs fl ia bara, arrhjálehih shkrf fi fsbrgthrgh. Fi dubcabch sf asustò y fsbapò a ia baiif. Fi cfbch `uf tgpg`gbaeh bhdh `aita mraväsgda, y, sgl prfvgh prhbfsh, `uf fxpuisaeh fl `hrda ef`glgtgva efi bhifmgh (@ufltf: [òmfrs Kfbfrra Basalhvas). Kfrtca Kusbc Ia Jagiif, su cgja fl fi Kflg. Ef aqufiia rfiabgòl adhrhsa, labgò su úlgba cgja fl su tgfrra latai, raäz datfrla ef ia `adgiga trglgtarga Bhädkra Kusbc, `hrdaea phr dujfrfs y varhlfs quf vgvfl fltrf lhshtrhs, ulh ef fiihs, fi dás jhvfl, fi Mrai. Av. Iugs Bhädkra Kusbc, fl sfrvgbgh abtgvh, apheaeh "Mrglmh" phr fi bhihr ef su pgfi y sus hjhs, cfrflbga ef su akufih. Ihs cgjhs rfbufreal fstf eradátgbh pasajf rf`frgeh phr su prhpga daerf: Efspuçs ef ia mufrra, bualeh fi cfrhgbh dgigtar iifmò a vgsgtar a su daerf y su tgfrra, bhdgsghlò a su adgmh y badaraea [hkfrth Kaiefrrada _glth, para quf `ufsf a trafr a su cgja Kfrtca ef ia fstalbga Ihs _htrfrhs, prhpgfeae ef su daerf, fl quf sf flbhltraka. Bhdh fstaka rfbgçl basaea bhl Raiustgalh Bhgdkra, su jhvfl fsphsh sf hpush thzueadfltf, ai fxtrfdh ef adarraria y bastgmaria para quf lh vaya. PGEA BAD_FRU[F EFÁvgia MF[DÁL KVRBC, FL bhl IARiubgefz CABGFLEAR EF IHR APGIA-AIPA[AEH Ehl Feuareh "Ufeey" Aikfreg rfbufrea -phr rfbufrehs ef su paerf y sus tähs- ia vgea badpfstrf ef Mfrdál Kusbc Kfbfrra fl ias cabgfleas ef su akufihs Fihy Ávgia _rgfth y Ehihrfs  Aivaraeh, bhl su fstalbga bfltrai "Ehihrfs", quf sf caiiakal ai htrh iaeh efi räh Ugjadubcä. Bhdh buñaeh efsef 1711 ef Radufi Ávgia Aivaraeh, fi bcgbh Mfrdál bhl apflas 3 añhs ef feae `rfbufltaka fshs parajfs trhpgbaifs, ehlef aprflegò a bakaimar fl bakaiih, dhltar y iabfar thrhs y hrefñar vabas rfbgçl pargeas. Uhea ula vgea dhltaraz, iifla ef shi y ef igkfrtae quf if earäal pifla vgvflbga ef ias sfivas, ias padpas y ihs rähs. Bualeh subfegò ia fxpuisgòl efi bhifmgh, su buñaeh Radufi Ávgia Aivaraeh ih flvgò a ias fstalbgas ef ia `adgiga y ih flbhdfleò ai dayhrehdh Gief`hlsh Rhrubh, qugfl tfläa ulas cgjas muapas. Aefdás ef aqufiias buaigeaefs buaigeaefs para ia vgea badpfstrfs, Mfrdál thbaka mugtarra y baltaka, fladhraleh a ula ef ias cgjas, casta quf subfegò ih glfvgtakif. Fi bapataz h`flegeh, sf prfsfltò fl Urglgeae y alulbgò su rflulbga, quf `uf rfbcazaea phr fi patròl quf vaihraka sus sfrvgbghs. Mfrdál `uf traäeh a Urglgeae para sfmugr  trakajalehy fl tgflea bhdfrbgai ukgbaea fl yia sus baiifcgjhs, _ferhy ef [hbca, ehlef vgvgò ehl Ávgia  Aivaraeh suiafsphsa Armfltgla Ávgia, Aikfreg ef Ávgia fliaula ef sus cakgtabghl cakgtabghlfs fs Fihy fstuvh fi bhlsuithrgh efi Er. Fihy "Uhyh" Ávgia, y fl htrhs adkgfltfs `ulbghlò euraltf 5; añhs [aegheg`ushras "Uròpgbh".

 

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Ehl Ufeey Ávgia Aikfreg rfbufrea ula efigbghsa alçbehta ef su gl`albga quf subfeäa baea vfz quf iihväa fl Urglgeae, bhdfltaea fl ula bfla h`rfbgea phr fi dgsdh Mfrdál Kusbc fl fi _aiabgh ef Mhkgfrlh, a ihs phbhs eäas ef asbflefr a ia _rfsgeflbga ef ia [fpúkigba:   Qugf Qugfrh rh ef efbgri bgrifs fs a ustfef ustfefss quf fstf dubc dubcabcg abcgth th ,am ,amarra arraleh leh a aii aeh aehifsb ifsbfltf fltf q quf uf f fstaka staka fltr fltrf f ihs glvgtaehs, bhl su paerf-, fs fi úlgbh quf sf ca dhltaeh fl dg pfsbufzh, pufs bualeh baäa ia iiuvga fl Urglgeae yh ih phläa shkrf dgs chdkrhs y saiäa a bhrrftfar a ia baiif bhl çi. ¡Quç dhdflths glhivgeakifs ihs quf sf cal amhipaeh fl dg dfltf y fl dg bhrazòl, ai rfbhlhbfr a dg adgmugth Ufeey Ávgia!  AI BHIFMGH DGIGUA[ BHL HU[HR BHL JÒPFL JÒPFLFR FR ef KFLGALHR Efkgeh a su vhiultae y ehtfs `äsgbas, fl rfulgòl `adgiga sf eftfrdglò aphyarih para quf rfaigbf fstueghs fl fi Bhifmgh Dgigtar ef Ia _az, para ih buai efkäa hktflfrsf ihs bfrtg`gbaehs ef kufla bhleubta. Chdkrf ef rfiabghlfs gdphrtaltfs, su buñaeh Radufi Ávgia Aivaraeh bhlsgmuf efi pialtfi sfbuleargh y efi Dayhr  ef _iaza ihs rfspfbtgvhs ehbudflths. Fi alcfih phr ia barrfra dgigtar ih bhdpartäal varghs bhdpañfrhs y adgmhs ältgdhs: Bf`frglh [ghja Aphltf, Frlfsth ]flef Badarmh, Rfrmgh [gkfra y Mfrdál Kusbc Kfbfrra, y para ihmrar sus pasajfs fl ialbca a vaphr, lufstrh pfrshlajf partgbgpò fl ul bhdpftflbga ef laeh fl Ihda Ruárfz, bhl dhtgvh ef ia `fstgvgeae patrhlai ef ia Raltäsgda Urglgeae. Mfrdál hktuvh fi prgdfr iumar y fi prfdgh pfbulgargh sgrvgò para sus pasajfs. Fl egbgfdkrf ef 17;1, iifmò fi raeghmrada bhl fi avgsh ef su abfptabgòl ai Bhifmgh Dgigtar. Fl Ia _az, ihs fspfraka fi tadkgçl gl`iuyfltf sflaehr Althlgh I. Pfiasbh, pargfltf phiätgbh ef Kusbc, Kus bc, qu qugfl gfl cg cgzh zh mf mfstg stghl hlfs fs al altf tf ia iass aut authrg hrgea eaefs efs efi Bh Bhif ifmgh mgh Dgi Dgigta gtar, r, cakgf cakgfle leh h sge sgeh h abf abfpta ptaeh ehss fl baigeae .Ehl Ufeey rfbufrea quf su paerf Fihy Ávgia Aivaraeh ihs abhdpañò fl ia ialbca fl quf vgajarhl a Uhehs Ralths efief Bcaparf, sfmugrHrgfltai rudkh aefBhbcakadka tradhltaeh a ihdh duia ia para Bhregiifra ihs Alefs. y Ia _az, phr väa tfrrfstrf, iufmh ef cakfr  MF[DÁL KVRBC KFBF[[A FL FI BHIFMGH DGIGUA[ W FI BHLRVIAEH KFLGALH, FL IA _AZ  A `glfs ef egbgfdkrf, ihs buatrh adgmhs ya fstakal fl fi Bhifmgh Dgigtar. Dgfltras rfaigzakal rfaigzakal sus fstueghs, ihs baeftfs bhtfrrálfhs pasakal duy kgfl ihs `glfs ef sfdala fl ia basa ef ia tadkgçl kflgala Rra. Fivgra Ávgia Aivaraeh ef Pfiasbh, buyh chmar fra fl ia prábtgba ul bhlsuiaeh kflgalh. Aquä, bhdpartäal lh sòih ias bhdgeas y rf`rfsbhs badkas quf ifs glvgtaka ia egstglmugea eada, sglh ias khcfdgas bhl algdaeas tfrtuigas shkrf sus sufñhs y ia tgfrra y ias `adgigas quf cakäal efjaeh fl Urglgeae. Fl fstas `figbfs hbasghlfs, ias mugtarrfaeas y balbghlfs gkal y vfläal, fl ias buaifs fi jhvfl y ya egstglmugeh baeftf tfläa ul prhtamhlgsdh artästgbh fspfbgai FL KVRBA EF IA DGRGÒL EF RAL GMLABGH EF ZADVBHR, FL IA [FMGÒL EFI BCABH Fl 1721, altfs ef frmugrsf fl fi dgth ifmfleargh ef ia Mufrra efi Bcabh, ya fmrfsaeh h`gbgai efi Bhifmgh Dgigtar, egh dufstras ef su tfdpif y bhlhbgdgflth para shkrfvgvgr fl dfegh ef ia laturaifza chstgi. @uf bhdgsghlaeh bhdgsghla eh para ear bhl fi sgtgh ehlef cakäa sgeh `uleaea ia Dgsgòl ef Zadubhs, ia dgsda quf flbhltrò iufmh ef su`rgr sfe y cadkrf julth a sus shieaehs, ya quf lh sf tfläal eaths bhl`gakifs ef su ukgbabgòl. Ual gdphrtaltf caiiazmh, `uf ul armudflth sòigeh para ia ef`flsa cgstòrgba y juräegba ef ias phsfsghlfs khigvgalas efi Bcabh Khrfai. Fi Mhkgfrlh Labghlai if bhl`grgò flthlbfs fi Bòlehr ef ihs Alefs, eaeh su vaighsa bhltrgkubgòl ai efrfbch khigvgalh ef aqufiia cfrfeae. FI BH[AJF CF[HGBH W IFMFLEA[GH EF MF[DÁL KVRBC FL IA MVF[[A EFI BCABH Kusbc rhdpgò fi bfrbh paramuayh ef Khqufròl. Vla ef sus prgdfras abbghlfs vaifrhsas fl ia mufrra efi Bcabh, `uf bualeh rhdpgò fi bfrbh efi `hrtäl Khqufròl, `ufrtfdfltf asfegaeh phr `ufrzas paramuayas y ef`flegeh phr shieaehs khigvgalhs. Bgtadhs fstf fpgshegh, piftòrgbhs ef hrmuiih, phrquf ihs prglbgpaifs fsbrgthrfs khigvgalhs laea egbfl h pasal ef iarmh fsta abbgòl sugbgea f glefsbrgptgkif efi dgigtar kflgalh, aphyaleh a Khqufròl. Cf aquä su egargh: "Cf ehrdgeh kgfl. Bhrrfl ias vhbfs ef quf vadhs a Khqufròl, y pgflsh quf phr `gl vhy a bhlhbfr ih quf pfeäadhs talth: ¡Mufrra!

 

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13 ef sfptgfdkrf ef 172;. Htra vfz lhs shrprflef fi eäa bhl ihs prfparatgvhs ef ataquf. Efkfdh Efkfdhss akrgr fi badglh a Khqufròl. Fdpfzadhs a avalzar. Fi baihr fs efsfspfral efsfspfraltf. tf. Lufstrhs hrmalgsdhs ya lh rfsgstfl dás. Euraltf fi trayfbth val bayfleh varghs bhdpañfrhs lufstrhs rflegehs phr ia `atgma. Lufstra prgdfra iälfa bchba bhl fi flfdgmh, htra vfz fi takiftfh ef ias adftraiiaehras y ihs hyfs ef ihs cfrgehs. Rf thda aimulhs prgsghlfrhs, vhivfdhs a asaitar ias phsgbghlf phsgbghlfss flfdgmas, pfrh ia sfe lhs achma, ya lh sf pufef rfsgstgr dás y fl fsh flbhltradhs ul pfqufñh bcarbh ef amua. Fs lufstra saivabgòl. Bhl quç efsfspfrabgòl lhs apiabarRfmugdhs ia sfe. Aimugfl egbfFlbhltradhs quf pheräa fstar flvflflaea, pfrh a qugçl if gdphrta, ya laegf if ialzadhs tfdf a ia adufrtf. aefialtf. phsgbghlfs paramuayas, mral mra l bal baltge tgeae ae ef mai maiift iftas, as, bhl bhlsf sfrva rvas, s, mra mral l bal baltge tgeae ae ef pur purhs hs f gl`gl gl`glge geae ae ef prf prfle leas. as. Ca vuf vufith ith fi fltusgasdh a lhshtrhs y ef prhlth fsbubcadhs ula vhz quf egbf ¡aiiá fstá Khqufròl! W lufstras dgraeas egvgsal fi `hrtäl alsgaeh. _frh lh fs lfbfsargh fltrar fl çi, sglh prhtfmfrih y fl ias gldfegabghlfs thdadhs phsgbghlfs. Fi flfdgmh fstá atu`aeh y efsdhraigzaeh efsdhraigzaeh y aprhvfbcadhs fsta sgtuabgòl. Fdpfzadhs cabfr kajas fl sus `gias. Fstál duy bfrba ef lhshtrhs y hksfrvh biaradfltf bòdh val bayfleh y fsbubcaleh sus aiargehs y sus qufjas. 17, ;? y ;1 ef sfptgfdkrf. Cay hrefl ef fltrar fl Khqufròl y phr `gl fltradhs ai `hrtäl phr fi buai talta salmrf sf efrrada. Lhs efsgmlal ula phsgbgòl. Aquä lh bfsa lg ul dhdflth fi `ufmh. Ia artgiifräa cabf fstramhs, pufs fstadhs bhdpiftadfltf rhefaehs. Htra vfz cabf fstramhs fi cadkrf, sf lhs ea ula dgsfrga ef bhdgea. Rf cal tfrdglaeh ias phbas bhdgeas bhl ias quf lhs aigdfltadhs. Cay quf vhivfr a saigr. _abgflbga, tai vfz fl çsta a dä tadkgçl df thquf cabfr fi úitgdh sabrg`gbgh sabrg`gbgh.. Lh tfdh a ia dufrtf, quf sç quf df igkfrará ef talth su`rgdgflth. ;; ef sfptgfdkrf. Fdpfzadhs lufstrh rftgrh, sakgfleh quf tflfdhs quf cabfrih pasaleh phr fltrf ias `gias flfdgmas, euraltf fi trayfbth ef ehs ngiòdftrhs. _ash phr dfegh ef ula iiuvga ef kaias. Rgmuf ia dasabrf. Audflta pfigmrhsadfltf fi lúdfrh ef dufrths. Fstaiia ula khdka a trfs pashs ef ehlef df caiiaka tflegeh. Ihs quf sf flbhltrakal bfrba ef dä brfyfr brf yfrhl hl qu quf f cak cakäa äa vhi vhiaeh aeh.. Df gl glbhr bhrphr phrç ç brf brfyçl yçlehd ehdf f cfr cfrge geh, h, pfr pfrh h shi shiadf adfltf ltf fst fstaka aka buk bukgf gfrth rth ef tgfrra..._hr `gl ihmradhs pasar thea ia zhla ehlef sf flbhltraka fi flfdgmh y iifmadhs ai Bhdaleh. Uhehs pfeäadhs pal y amua. Wa lh çradhs ihs dubcabchs fltusgastas y `ufrtfs quf saigdhs ef Hrurh". Fi giustrf gltfifbtuai @akgál Paba Bcávfz, fl lhvgfdkrf ef 1725, bhl dhtgvh ef ia `gfsta bävgba efi Kflg, y theaväa fl pifla mufrra, fxbiadaka: Vla aurfhia ef mihrga flvufivf ya a fsa dubcabcaea efi Kflg, buyh dás aith fxphlfltf -fi Bfltaurh efi Bcabh, Mfrdál Kusbc- pflftrò cabf rath, a theh maihpf, fl ihs ehdglghs ef ia cgsthrga y ef ia ifyflea. Bfrba ef çi fstá Bardfih Buçiiar Jgdçlfz kuriaehr ef ia dufrtf, quf trajh fl su krazh fi vgmhr ef ia raza gthlada. W bhl fiihs bgfl dás, bgtaehs a dflueh fl ias òreflfs efi eäa ef baea kataiia.  Aumusth Bçspfefs, Bçspfefs, tgflf fstas fdhtgvas fxprfsghlf fxprfsghlfss para sgdkhigzar ai Badka Kusbc: "Bualeh rfbufreh ia vgea ef Mfrdál Kusbc, abhsa dg gdamglabgòl sädkhihs egládgbhs y `iadämfrhs: efstglh ef `ifbca glbalefsbfltf h efstglh ef mralaea quf fstaiia fl ih aith, giudgla ia lhbcf y ef gldfegath fs efvhraea phr ia lhbcf dgsda. Ru fxgstflbga `umaz quf pufef bakfr achra thea fiia fl fi cufbh ef dg dalh, sf algda bhl ul phefr gl`frlai, bhdh bartubch ef egladgta quf efkh ialzara ih ifjhs. Kusbh ul sädgi dás cudalh: Kusbc, fi lgñh quf mustaka jumar bhl ardas ef `ufmh, fi cgjh efi khsquf vflgeh a ia bgueae bhl ula dgsgòl, turkuiflta y rfeflthra, ai prhpgh tgfdph, dgsgòl quf sf budpif fl fi bursh ef krfvfs añhs, quf kastal para su gldhrtaigeae. Fl Urglgeae cay achra ul dhludflth quf fl sgdkòigbh bhltrastf, kusth ef krhlbf shkrf fi `hleh vfref ef ia sfiva, rfiata ia sältfsgs ef su avfltura: fi saivajf aehifsbf aehifsbfltf ltf quf ef aiiá saigfra a ihs 13 añhs para sfr baeftf, a ihs 26 dhräa bhdh _rfsgefltf ef ia [fpúkigba y prfburshr ef ia [fvhiubgòl Labghlai". Fi fsbrgthr pabfñh y fxbhdkatgfltf _hr`grgh Eäaz Dabcgbah dalg`fstò efi Badka Kusbc: @uf cfbcgzaltf dgigtar> hreflaka bhdh Mflfrai sgfleh apflas Bapgtál y budpiäa bhdh shieaeh rash, sgfleh Bhdalealtf

 

3

_hr su partf, fi kflfdçrgth bcuqugsa bcuqugsaqufñh qufñh Jagdf Bçspfefs Uhrh, egrá fl `hrda fxprfsgva: 'Laegf bhdh çi para budpigr ias òreflfs dás fxtrfdas efi Bhdaleh efi Fjçrbgth. Cabgfleh efrrhbcf ef bhrajf, rhdpf fi bfrbh paramuayh ef Khqufròl para efjar prhvgsghlfs y saivarias trhpas khigvgalas, rhefaeas phr fi flfdgmh y bhl cfrhgba abbgòl sf akrf badph fl fi dgsdh bfrbh, para saigr a gl`hrdar ai Bhdaleh Rupfrghr su çpgba abtuabgòl. Ias ehs vfbfs quf arrfdftgò fsta cazaña, `ufrhl ifmfleargas", aulquf cukgfsfl sgeh pufstas fl euea laea dflhs quf phr fi `rabasaeh Mrai. Nulet. "Rus aueabfs mhipfs if cabfl bhkrar brfbgfltf `ada, avflturas quf if vaigfrhl para sfr rfbhlhbgeh autçltgbh cçrhf efi Bcabh, tfrrflh ehlef sf flbhltraka a musth. Aiiä glvfltò fi "buatrfrajf", a `gl ef `gitrarsf casta ia rftamuarega flfdgma, prhfjas cfbch ef gltrfpgefz glbrfäkif.ef Duy prhlth `uf vaihr fi dásy phpuiar y fi dás ef Fi ia badpaña.fl Krgiiò bhl yiuz prhpga, dfzbia fxpihsgva patrghtgsdh, dflhsprfbgh a iamihrghsh dufrtf". tadkgçl bhlsamraeh fsbrgthr labghlai @frlaleh @frlaleh Egfz ef Dfegla, ai rftratar ai Badka Kusbc dalg`gfsta fl `hrda fspiçlegea: "Uhehs adarhl ai mral Bapgtál efi Bcabh. Ai puda gleòdgth quf lhs trajh fi shpih vgrmfl ef sus khsqufs> ai cçrhf ef hjhs azuifs. Ai jhvfl patrghta, qugjhtfsbh y bfsargsta, ai dgsdh tgfdph, quf shñò ula patrga `ufrtf para rfegdgrlhs ef ul sgmih ef gl`hrtulgh. Mfrdál Kusbc aleuvh a zarpazhs bhl ia vgea: tuvh trayfbthrga ef `figlh. Ru bhrajf if malò ih quf if lfmaka ia fxpfrgflbga. _asò ef prgsa, pfigmrhsadfltf, jumaleh bufrph y aida fl ia avfltura, pfbcaleh ai duleh, phrquf fs ify efi vaigfltf adhtglarsf bhltra fi efstglh, efsa`gar rgfsmhs, ehdglar fi efsaigflth. Efstglh ef mufrrfrh, efstglh ef bauegiih. Bruzò bhdh ul dftfhrh ef ia iialura a ia dhltaña. W fl lufstra Khigvga turkuiflta, ehlef phbhs iifmal a chdkrfs fl fi sfltgeh brfaehr, phrquf prf`gfrfl vgvgr tra`gbaleh h pfrfzhshs, ajflhs ai erada labghlai, Kusbc rfprfsflta ia chlea prhfza cudala flvufita fl `uimhrfs ef mihrga. Ru fxtraña dufrtf `uf duy egsbutgea fl su tgfdph y aúl ih fs fl ia abtuaigeae. Fi authr Darbh Ihra Baiifjas a`grda: Kusbc adalfbgò ia daerumaea efi ;2 ef Amhsth ef 1727 bhl ula kaia baigkrf 2; atravfsaea fl su bakfza, fl fi fsbrgthrgh ef trakajh ef su chmar fl Dgra`ihrfs. Fi alaigsgs `hrflsf ef ia lfbrhpsga cfbch taregadfltf a su baeávfr y ia lfmigmfltf glvfstgmabgòl para fsbiarfbfr su phiçdgba dufrtf, quf fstuvh piamaea ef hdgsghlfs f grrfmuiargeaefs, shih apultaial ia tfsgs efi asfsglath" Ihs bhlhbgfrhl hrgfltaifs, qufbcuas, caiias. Ih rfbufreal fi iialh, fi vaiif, ia dhltaña. Ru `gmura maiiarea y varhlgi bhsf bhdh ul cgih ef `ufmh thehs ihs abbgefltfs mfhmrá`gbhs y ias eg`frflbgas rfmghlaifs. Rfñhr  efi tfrrgthrgh, suph sfr tadkgçl fi adgmh ef ihs pufkihs. Uhtaigzaka. Baea ;2 ef amhsth, iihral ihs bhrazhlfs ai rfbhrearih, phrquf fi paiaeäl kflgalh supfraleh ias `rhltfras ihbaigstas aibalzò a sfr ul sädkhih ef ia labgòl fltfra. Vl eäa quf sf abfrba, cakrá quf rflegr a Kusbc fi chdflajf efi dárdhi, y efi krhlbf, aúl fspfradhs ai chdçrgea quf baltf sus cazañas.

 

7

 

BHLBIVBGHLFR

Mfrdál Kusbc `uf prheubth ef ia Mufrra efi Bcabh. Iifmò a ias trglbcfras basg lgñh. Fl fi kautgsdh ef `ufmh sf cgzh chdkrf y brfbgò casta ias egdflsghlfs shkrflaturaifs shkrflaturaifs efi cçrhf. Ru tfdpfradflth fra sflbgiih, fdhtgvh, glmfluh f glhbfltf. Fl su aida lh sf eakal fi fmhäsdh, ia cgphbrfsäa lg ia flvgega. Fra akgfrthfiypfigmrh sglbfrhlgbhdh ihs phkiaehrfs efdfegh ia iialura. Adaka suskataiias. shieaehs y çsths ih adakal a çi,ysgl dfegr rfmatfar sabrg`gbghs fl efi `ramhr efaias Kusbc tfdpiò su fspärgtu su `ufrza fl ia mufrra. Bfltaurh efi khsbajf, fra tfdgeh y aedgraeh a ia vfz phr fi flfdgmh. [hdpäa bfrbhs, mhipfaka ia rftamuarega, chstgmaka ihs `ialbhs y sf aizaka gdkatgkif fl ia prgdfra iälfa ef bhdkatf. Kusbc fra bhdh fi truflh, fi rfiádpamh y ai dgsdh tgfdph fi rayh. Laegf ca cfbch theaväa ula vaihrabgòl mihkai ef ia vgea y hkra ef Kusbc. Rg fi pufkih qugfrf ul cçrhf ef vfreae, sg ia juvfltue khigvgala lfbfsgta ul paraegmda ef vgrtuefs, ef vaihr, ef bhrajf, ef chdkräa, ef gefaifs y ef sufñhs ef _atrga mralef y justa, acä fstá ia `gmura sfñfra ef Mfrdál Kusbc.

 

1?

 

KGKIGHM[A@GA

]gngpfega. (11 ef julgh ef ;?;1). Hktflgeh ef cttps://fs.wgngpfega.hrm/wg cttps://fs.wgngpfega.hrm/wgng/Mfrd ng/Mfrd

%B2%A1lXKusbcXKfbfrra

]gngFsbufia. (16 ef juigh ef ;?;1). Hktflgeh ef Kgkighmra`ga Ef Pgea:

cttps://www.kghmra`gasyvgeas cttps://www.kgh mra`gasyvgeas.bhd/kghmra`ga/k .bhd/kghmra`ga/k/kusbcXmfrda /kusbcXmfrdal.ctd l.ctd

fju tv. (16 ef hbtukrf ef ;?17). Hktflgeh ef cttps://fju.tv/;?17/?=/cfbch cttps://fju.tv/;?17/?=/cfbchs-das-saigfl s-das-saigfltfs-efi-mhkgfrl tfs-efi-mhkgfrlh-efih-efi-

ttf-mrai-mfrdal-kusbc-kfbfrra/

_amugla Rgftf. (?3 ef hbtukrf ef ;?17). Hktflgeh ef

cttps://www.pamglasgftf.kh/mfltf/;?17/1?/3/bh cttps://www.pamglasgftf.kh/mf ltf/;?17/1?/3/bhldhbghl-eue ldhbghl-euea-`uf-ia-duf a-`uf-ia-dufrtf-ef-mfrdal rtf-ef-mfrdal-kusbc-ul-kusbc-ulsugbgegh-;226;0.ctdi#!

Hxgmflh.kh. (;2 ef amhsth ef ;?16). Hktflgeh ef cttp://www.hxgmflh.kh/mf cttp://www.hxgmflh.kh/mfltf/1?35; ltf/1?35;

 

11

   

ALFSHR

 

1;