GERENTE DE VENTAS-UNO Ge

 

 

O`r`kacb m` ^`ktbs `k `d Ku`vl Fcd`kcl  M` r`pr`s`ktbkt` b O`r`kt` Qck Flrcr `k `d Ckt`ktl Z`mrl Yuo`d`s Fbst`r ]rbck`r  

 

 

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A  B  BZÆ ZÆ ]PDL ]PD L C  -  M @ Y @ ZY@ Q@ K] K]BK] BK]@@ B O @Y@K]@   ^ CQCÑK C QCÑK O DL DLIBD IBD M@ @D F@ YABML YABML 

C . 

stbfls `k ukb ãplab m` r`tl pbrb `d f`rabml. Zrlmuatls ku`vls, buf`ktl m` db pr`scñk m` db alfp`t`kacb y sustctuacñk o`kãrcab, `strcatls alktrld`s oui`rkbf`ktbd`s y `d alka`ptl m` aucmbmls mcrcocmls, tlml `stl s` gb alfickbml

@

 pbrb qu` v`km`r prlmuatls prlmuatls nbrfbaãutcals `k dls 9::: r`sudt` r`sudt` ukb tbr`b mcnæac mcnæacd.d. @d f`rabml odlibd sc`fpr` abficbkt` m` gly `k mæb `xco` prln`sclkbd`s `k v`ktbs fuagl f`hlr `ktr`kbmls qu` kukab bkt`s. @d `ktr`kbfc`ktl kl sñdl pr`pbrbrâ b dls  prln`sclkbd`s `k v`ktbs pbrb v`ka`r `stls r`t r`tls, ls, sckl qu` t`kmrâ tbficãk uk orbk cfpbatl `k dbs v`ktbs y dls i`k`ncacls.

@d f`rabml odlibd sc`fpr` abficbkt` m` gly `k mæb `xco` prln`sclkbd`s `k v`ktbs fuagl f`hlr `ktr`kbmls qu` kukab bkt`s.

Gba` plal s` prlmuhl uk abficl m` pbrbmcofb8 mlkm` bkt`s gbiæb `stbicdcmbm r`dbtcvb `k `d f`rabml, `d abficl `s bglrb db klrfb y dbs tlfbs m` alktrld y nusclk`s m` alfpbòæbs slk bdol usubd. Gcstñrcabf`kt` `d f`rabml gb scml ukb ckmustrcb `knlabmb bd prlmuatl5 sck `fibrol, bglrb db bt`kacñk s` mcrco` fâs ic`k b dbs nbs`s m` db `kn`rf`mbm, dls prlorbfbs m` trbtbfc`ktl y dls s`rvcacls bd adc`kt`. Pk bfic`kt` m` `ncac`kacb `k nukacñk m` alstls y v`ktbhbs t`rbpãutcabs gb sustctucml dls bsp`atls bkt`rclr`s bkt`rclr`s m` `ncabacb y s`ourcmbm. Db t`km`kacb `k dbs adækcabs y glspctbd`s `s alkv`rtcr b dls pbac`kt`s ckt`rkls `k pbac`kt`s `xt`rkls r`a`ptlr`s m` aucmbmls sbkctbrcls `k `d globr y gba`r gckabpcã `k db pr`v`kacñk `k v`z m`d trbtbfc`ktl adc`kt` alrr`atcvl. Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs slk `d k`xl vctbd  pbrb obrbktczbr qu`, qu`, b trbvãs m` db væb m`d `ktr`kbfc`ktl `ktr`kbfc`ktl y `d m`sbrrlddl, `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs s` alkvc`rtb `k bdol fâs qu` uk f`rl `xp`rtl tãakcal y `f`rhb alfl quc`k r`su`dv` r`su`dv` dls prlid`fbs bd adc`kt`. Fâs qu` kukab bkt`s, dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs m`i`k obkbrs` db alkncbkzb m`d adc`kt` f`mcbkt` db ar`bacñk m` r`dbaclk`s. ^`km`r s`d`atcvbf`kt` y `ktr`obr uk f`ksbh` alkvcka`kt` y  ic`k rbzlkbml, slk dbs dbs adbv`s pbrb trcuknbr. Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs slk dls `kabrobmls m` bs`ourbr qu` s` prlplraclk`k y utcdca`k alklacfc`ktls y `ktr`kbfc`ktl `k `stbs gbicdcmbm`s.

Db bt`kacñk m` mcrco` bglrb fâs ic`k b dbs nbs`s m` dls s`rvcacls bd adc`kt`.

 

=  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

@s aruacbd qu` `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs s` `snu`ra` alkstbkt`f`kt` `k f`hlrbr sus

@s aruacbd qu` `d O`r`kt` m` ^` ^`ktbs ktbs s` `snu`ra` alkstbkt`f`kt` `k f`hlrbr sus alklacfc`ktls,

 plsctcvb gbacb db db butlf`hlrb.

gbicdcmbm`s y gâictls.

@d lih`tcvl prckacpbd m` `st` scst`fb m` bpr`kmczbh` `s prlplraclkbr pbutbs pbrb qu` dbs scob `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs y d` byum`k b m`sbrrlddbr db `xp`rc`kacb k`a`sbrcb pbrb

alklacfc`ktls,, gbicdcmbm`s y gâictls, bd tc`fpl qu` m`sbrrlddb ukb batctum f`ktbd alklacfc`ktls

fbk`hbr m` fbk`rb alfp`t`kt` y alk alkncbkzb uk f`rabml qu` ar`a` y abficb alk orbk rbpcm`z.

Lih`tcvls Dls lih`tcvls scouc`kt`s scouc`kt`s s` prlplraclkbk pbrb cm`ktcncabrdls cm`ktcncabrdls r`sudtbmls `sp`rbmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. Aubkml nckbdca` `stb s`aacñk m`i`ræb plm`r8

Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs `xctlsls m`i`k gba`r `d bhust` pbrb `ktr`kbr y m`sbrrlddbr `ddls fcsfls tbktl bd p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs ku`vl alfl bd `xp`rcf`ktbml.

2.  M`sarcicr dbs prckacpbd`s r`splksbicdcmbm`s r`splksbicdcmbm`s m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs . 9.  M`sarcicr dbs aubtrl nukaclk`s iâscabs m` o`r`kacbr. 1.  M`sarcicr db mcn`r`kacb mcn`r`kacb `ktr` s`r uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs v`ktbs `xctlsl y uk O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `xctlsl.

Alka`ptls adbv` 2.  Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs `xctlsls m`i`k gba`r `d bhust` pbrb `ktr`kbr ` ktr`kbr y m`sbrrlddbr `ddls fcsfls bd p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs ku`vl y `xp`rcf`ktbml. 9.  Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs slk pbrt` m`d `qucpl m` o`stcñk m` f`rabm`l y v`ktbs y

Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs fltcvbk b db nu`rzb m` v`ktbs pbrb qu` bdabka` dls lih`tcvls m` v`ktbs prlorbfbmls.

 prlplraclkbk bplyl b dbs m`acsclk`s m` db bdtb o`r`kacb. 1.  Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs huzobk y `vbdøbk db `ncac`kacb `k v`ktbs. =.  Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs fltcvbk b db nu`rzb m` v`ktbs pbrb qu` bdabka` dls lih`tcvls m` v`ktbs prlorbfbmls.

 

 

M@ Y @ZY@Q@K]BK]@ @ZY@Q@K]BK]@ B O@Y@K]@

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 B.. M `sar  B sar c pac ñk m`d abr ol ‑  O`  O `stc stcñ ñk nnrr `kt` b Lp`r Lp`r bacñ ac ñk @ d abf abfic icl l m` r `pr` pr`s`ktb s`ktbkt` kt` b o`r `kt`  Dls r`tls m` s`r O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs`k ukb alfpbòæb nbrfbaãutcab kukab t`rfckbk. Q` trbtb, sck duobr b mumbs, m` ukl m` dls pu`stls m` trbibhl fâs bislri`kt`s m` db ckmustrcb. @stâ ust`m mcrcoc`kml o`kt` qu` `s fuy mcnæacd, abmb ukl alk su prlpcb ckmustrcb.  p`rslkbdcmbm ` cm`bs cm`bs y tlmls mcn`r`kt mcn`r`kt`s. `s. ]c`k` qu` bmbptbrs` râpcmb râpcmbf`kt` f`kt` bd g`agl m` qu` yb kl `s uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs, qu` bglrb `s uk o`r`kt`. Zbrb `kt`km`r f`hlr dl qu` `stl scokcncab k`a`sctbr`fls prcf`rl m`nckcr quã `s o`stcñk. Db o`stcñk ocrb bdr`m`mlr m` m ` aubtrl nukaclk`s / batcvcmbm`s o`r`kacbd`s iâscabs8  pdbkcncabacñk,, lrobkczbacñk, dcm`rbzol y aalktrld.  pdbkcncabacñk lktrld. Qlk ãstbs dbs aubtrl nukaclk`s  iâscabs m` dls o`r`kt`s, o`r`kt`s, sck cfplrtbr `k quã ckmus ckmustrcb trcb trbibh`k. O`stc O`stcñk ñk s` gb m`nckcml nr`au`kt`f`kt` alfl ‖dlorbr ‖dlorbr qu` dbs alsbs s` gbobk, b trbvãs m` ltrls‖. ltrls‖. @st` `s `d fbylr abficl m`d qu` tc`k` qu` alkv`ka`rs`5 yb kl `s uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs qu` `stâ v`kmc`kml. Qu trbibhl `s mcrcocr mc rcocr uk `qucpl m` v`km`mlr`s. @s mcnæacd plrqu` fuagbs v`a`s slk pr`acsbf`kt` dls søp`r v`km`mlr`s quc`k`s s` alkvc`rt`k `k O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs y `ddl alkdd`vb uk abficl `k su fbk`rb m`  p`ksbr.

Db o`stcñk ocrb bdr`m`mlr m` aubtrl nukaclk`s / batcvcmbm`s o`r`kacbd`s iâscabs8 pdbkcncabacñk, lrobkczbacñk, dcm`rbzol y alktrld.

@d abrol m` O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs scokcncab qu` `s ust`m r`splksbid` tbficãk plr uk âr`b l mcstrctl o`lorâncal. Qus Y`pr`s` Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs k`a`s k`a`sctbk ctbk vcsctbr b adc`kt`s, tbktl prcvbmls alfl oui`rkbf`ktbd`s `ta.. `k su mcstrctl y bdabkzbr lih`tcvls m` v`ktbs pbrb ust`m. @st` âr`b `s m`fbscbml orbkm` pbrb qu` ukb sldb  p`rslkb db auirb, auirb, plr dl qu` au`ktb alk uk `qucpl m` Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs ^`ktbs  pbrb gba`rdl. * Lrobkczbaclk`s m` fbkt`kcfc`ktl m` db sbdum. Qu trbibhl `s pdbkcncabr, lrobkczbr, dcm`rbr y alktrldbr b sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs  pbrb qu` pu`mbk r`bdczbr r`bdczbr `d f`hlr trbibhl plscid`. Qu ãxctl pbrb dlorbr r`sudtbmls r`sudtbmls s` r`nd`hb `k db cfbo`k qu` t`kmrâk m` ust`m alfl o`r`kt`. Alfl mca` uk vc`hl bmbocl8 —fuãstr`f` bd rr`pr`s`ktbkt` `pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs y yl d` fls flstrbrã trbrã b su o`r`kt`‖. Dl aubd scokcncab r`bdf`kt` qu` dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs slk tbk iu`kls alfl dl `s su O`r`kt`. Db r`splksbicdcmbm r`splksbicdcmbm m`d abrol m` O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `s gba`r tlml dl qu` `stã `k sus fbkls pbrb byumbr b yumbr b sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s b t`k`r ãxctl. @st` fbkubd gb scml mcs`òbml `sp`aæncabf`kt` pbrb byumbrd` b gba`r db trbkscacñk m` r`pr`s`ktbkt` b o`r`kt` alk `d fbylr ãxctl plscid`.

Qu trbibhl `s pdbkcncabr, lrobkczbr, dcm`rbr y alktrldbr b sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs pbrb qu` pu`mbk r`bdczbr `d f`hlr trbibhl plscid`.

 

>  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

I . @ dbstc dbstc acm ac mbm m`d O `r `kt` m` ^ `ktbs ktbs Auircr`fls bglrb tlmbs dbs âr`bs qu` alkscm`rbfls aruacbd`s pbrb o`r`kacbr alk ãxctl. @st` scst`fb m` bpr`kmczbh` bibrab ukb bfpdcb obfb m` tñpcals qu` fu`strbk db `dbstcacmbm qu` k`a`sctb t`k`r uk O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs .

@d alka`ptl m` O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `k db ckmustrcb gb abficbml fuagl bd trbksaurrcr dls bòls.

C.  CC.  CCC.  C^.  ^.  ^C.  ^CC.  ^CCC.  CW.  W.   

WC.

M` Y`pr`s`ktbkt` b O`r`kt` Db Lncackb Zdbkcncabkml y lrobkczbkml Fbk`hl m`d t`rrctlrcl y m`d tc`fpl Y`adutbfc`ktl y alktrbtbacñk Alfukcabacñk Dcm`rbzol y fltcvbacñk Alktrldbkml @vbdubacñk m`d m`s`fp`òl @ktr`kbkml b r`pr`s`ktbkt`s ku`vls Mcrcoc`kml r`ukclk`s r`ukclk`s m` v`ktbs alk `ncabacb

Zbrb `kt`km`r f`hlr db nukacñk m` O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs , v`bfls su trbibhl y sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s. @d alka`ptl m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `k `d f`rabml gb abficbml fuagl bd trbksaurrcr dls bòls. @st` pu`stl s` alkscm`rbib bd prckacpcl alfl `d m` bdouc`k `kabrobml m` dbs v`ktbs `k dbs ukcmbm`s y dbs r`a`tbs, y qu` trbibhbib `k `d abfpl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s pbrb bs`ourbrs` qu` sus vcsctbs m` v`ktbs tuvc`s`k ãxctl. @d lih`tcvl  prckacpbd `rb dlorbr dlorbr db v`ktb, dl qu` kl gbaæb su trbibhl trbibhl fuy mcn`r`kt` bd m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs. Qus r`splksbicdcmb r `splksbicdcmbm`s m`s gbk abficbml mrâstcabf`kt` m`sm` `ktlka`s. @st` pu`stl r`quc`r` bglrb m` uk ckmcvcmul, kl sñdl alk orbk gbicdcmbm

@d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m`i` t`k`r tbficãk vcscñk m` nuturl y s`r gâicd `k db pdbkcncabacñk m` k`olacls y dls bsp`atls nckbkac`rls, pbrb plm`r bsæ fbk`hbr su mcstrctl alfl uk a`ktrl m` i`k`ncacls.

 pbrb trbtbr b db o`kt`, sc tbficãk tbficãk alk fuagl fâs cko`kc cko`kcll pbrb dls k`olacls qu` flkctlr`br f`rbf`kt` dbs batcvcmbm`s m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s. @d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m`i` t`k`r tbficãk vcscñk m` nuturl y s`r gâicd `k db pdbkcncabacñk m` k`olacls y dls bsp`atls nckbkac`rls, pbrb plm`r bsæ fbk`hbr su mcstrctl alfl uk a`ktrl m`  i`k`ncacls. M`i` s`oucr s`oucr `d rctfl m` dbs k`a`scmbm`s m`d m`d f`rabml y r`dbaclkbrs` kl sñdl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs y db o`r`kacb, o`r `kacb, sckl tbficãk alk ald`obs y, abmb v`z fâs, alk adc`kt`s y adc`kt`s. Qu trbibhl alkdd`vb r`dbaclkbrs` alk kuf`rlsbs p`rslkbs.

 

 

M@ Y @ZY@Q@K]BK]@ @ZY@Q@K]BK]@ B O@Y@K]@

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@d pu`stl m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs alkdd`vb kuf`rlsls y mcn`r`kt`s pbp`d`s y r`splksbicdcmbm`s ‑  r`splksbicdcmbm`s  ‑   pbrtcacpb `k db pd pdbkcncabacñk bkcncabacñk m`d trbibhl pbrb `d mcstrctl bscokbkml tbr`bs b dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs, `vbdubkml su trbibhl, m`n`kmc`kml dbs pldætcabs m` db alfpbòæb, nchbkml `d pr`supu`stl m`d mcstrctl, bsæ alfl sc`kml r`splksbid` m` dlorbr r`sudtbmls `k dbs v`ktbs. @d r`tl m` alkv`rtcrs` `k O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `s bpbsclkbkt`. @st` pu`stl vc`k` balfpbòbml m` ukb orbk mlscs m` pr`stcocl y huktl alk `st` pr`stcocl pr` stcocl gby `stbtus, butlrcmbm, fâs mck`rl y buf`ktl m` vcscicdcmbm vcscicdcmbm `k db lrobkczbacñk Gby tbficãk uk  iu`kb abktcmbm m` lrouddl lrouddl y db sbtcsnbaacñk m` vv`r `r b su o`kt` bvbkzbkml y dlorbkml dlorbkml bsa`ksls alfl alks`au`kacb m` s`r uk iu`k o`r`kt` y lrc`ktbmlr. Zrlmua` tbficãk ukb orbk sbtcsnbaacñk mcrcocr bd `qucpl pbrb qu` bdabka` r`sudtbmls. @st` pu`stl

@d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs pbrtcacpb `k db pdbkcncabacñk m`d trbibhl m`d mcstrctl bscokbkml tbr`bsm`b dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s ^`ktbs, `vbdubkml su trbibhl, m`n`kmc`kml dbs pldætcabs m` db alfpbòæb, nchbkml `d pr`supu`stl m`d mcstrctl y sc`kml r`splksbid` m` dlorbr r`sudtbmls `k v`ktbs.

 prlplraclkb uk uk fbylr s`ktcfc`ktl m` ãxctl y db lplrtu lplrtukcmbm kcmbm m` fâs ar`acfc`ktl ar`acfc`ktl  prln`sclkbd y p`rslkbd. p`rslkbd. Bir` dbs pu`rtbs pb pbrb rb qu` ckt`rbatø` alk ltrls kcv`d`s y mcsacpdckbss m` db o`r`kacb m` db alfpbòæb. mcsacpdckb Gly `k mæb `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs tc`k` fâs ic`k `d pbp`d m` uk `h`autcvl, bsæ alfl `d m` o`r`kt` m` lp`rbaclk`s. M`i`fls `vctbr gba`r tlml klsltrls fcsfls y m`p`km`r m` dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs pbrb qu` r`bdca`k `stbs nukaclk`s. Zlr `h`fpdl, sc vbfls b dbkzbr uk prlmuatl ku`vl gbirâ qu` pr`pbrbr fuagbs batcvcmbm`s.. Bm`fâs m` `stbid`a`r dls lih`tcvls m` dbs v`ktbs m` dbs ukcmbm`s y m`d batcvcmbm`s t`rrctlrcl, m`i` gbi`r uk pdbk pbrb `stbid`a`r qucãk gba` quã y auâkml dl gba`. @d tãrfckl pbrb utcdczbr `d p`rslkbd s` ddbfb lrobkczbr y m`spuãs m`d`obr. Db m`nckcacñk m`d mcaaclkbrcl m` m`d`obr `s `kvcbr l klfirbr uk bmhuktl l r`pr`s`ktbkt` pbrb bscokbrd` l alkncbrd` bdol qu` m`ib gba`rs`. Qc qu`r`fls t`k`r ãxctl `k `d dbkzbfc`ktl m` uk prlmuatl, gby fuagls arct`rcls m` dcm`rbzol qu` m`i`fls sbtcsnba`r, tbd`s alfl alfukcabr, allrmckbr y `ktr`kbr.

Bm`fâs m` `stbid`a`r dls lih`tcvls m` dbs v`ktbs m` dbs ukcmbm`s y t`rrctlrcl, m`i` gbi`r uk pdbk pbrb `stbid`a`r qucãk gba` quã y auâkml dl gba`.

 

7  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

M`i`fls alktbr alk alktrld`s murbkt` tlml `d acadl m` v`ktbs m` dbkzbfc`ktl.

@d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `stâ usbkml alkstbkt`f`kt` dbs aubtrl batcvcmbm`s iâscabs m` db nukacñk o`r`kacbd, b sbi`r8 *  *  * 

* 

Zdbkcncabr Lrobkczbr Dcm`rbr Alktrldbr 

Alktrld`s pbrb f`mcr dl qu` `stbfls gbac`kml. Zlr `h`fpdl, ¼@stâk aufpdc`kml aufpdc`kml sus aultbs dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s< ¼quã m`i`fls gba`r pbrb f`hlrbr< Qc dls lih`tcvls kl s` aufpd`k, ¼quã f`mcmbs alrr`atcvbs m`i`k tlfbrs`< Murbkt` tlml `d acadl m` v`ktbs m` dbkzbfc`ktl `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `stâ usbkml alkstbkt`f`kt` dbs aubtrl batcvcmbm`s iâscabs m` db nukacñk o`r`kacbd, b sbi`r8 * 

Zdbkcncabr

* 

Lrobkczbr

* 

Dcm`rbr

* 

Alktrldbr.

 K`a`sctbfls r`trla`m`r y `vbdubr `vbdubr `stbs batcvcmbm`s. Qc ku`strbs ku`strbs v`ktbs fu`strbk qu` kl `stbfls bdabkzbkml dls lih`tcvls, quczâs m`ibfls flmcncabr ku`strl pdbk y lrobkczbr dls orupls m` v`ktbs m` fbk`rb mcn`r`kt`. Aubkml dd`ou` ltrl acadl ku`vl, vldv`r`fls b `fp`zbr ltrb v`z `d prla`sl m` pdbkcncabr, lrobkczbr, dcm`rbr y alktrldbr. Alfl mchcfls bd alfc`kzl m` `st` abpætudl, `stbs aubtrl batcvcmbm`s iâscabs m` db nukacñk o`r`kacbd slk cfp`rbtcvbs, ckm`p`kmc`kt`f`kt` m` quã tcpl m` pu`stl

Zbrb t`k`r ãxctl alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs k`a`sctb alkla`r tbficãk alk `xbatctum tlmbs dbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s m`d

o`r`kacbd t`kob. Zbrb t`k`r ãxctl alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs k`a`sctb alkla`r tbficãk

abrol. 

dl qu` s` suplk` m`i`k gba`r. Db `xp`rc`kacb kls gb m`flstrbml qu` dbs p`rslkbs nbddbk plr mls fltcvls8 prcf`rl, plrqu` kl sbi`k dl qu` s` suplk` m`i`k gba`r y,

alk `xbatctum tlmbs dbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s m`d abrol. Db m`sarcpacñk m`d pu`stl `s aruacbd, plr dl qu` m`mcabr`fls m`mcabr`fls bdol fâs m` tc`fpl b `xbfckbrdl. `xbfckbrdl. Ckstbfls b tlmls dls o`r`kt`s b t`k`r ukb m`sarcpacñk m` su abrol qu` `xpdcqu` alfpd`tbf`kt`

s`oukml, plrqu` kl sbi`k sc dl `stâk gbac`kml ic`k. Bs`oør`s` m` t`k`r ukb m`sarcpacñk m` su abrol `xbatb y batubdczbmb. Qc pc`ksb qu` kl `s `xbatb, mæobs`dl b su sup`rvcslr y scãkt`s` b `sp`rbr qu` vu`dvb b `sarcicrdb. @k db fbylræb m` dbs alfpbòæbs `stl kl r`pr`s`ktb kckoøk prlid`fb. @k `d t`xtl qu` scou` s` prlplraclkb p rlplraclkb uk `h`fpdl.

 

 

C C . 

A

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O @Y@ KAC KAC BY P LZ@YBY ( D C Q]B M@ Y @^CQCÑK   ) lk nr`au`kacb, tbktl dls o`r`kt`s ku`vls alfl dls `xp`rcf`ktbmls tc`k`k mcncaudtbm pbrb m`acmcr `ktr` dls `d`f`ktls m` db nukacñk n ukacñk o`r`kacbd y kl

o`r`kacbd m` sus batcvcmbm`s dbilrbd`s mcbrcbs. Db pr`scñk bmcaclkbd m`d bfic`kt` dbilrbd m` gly `k mæb, m` gba`r fâs alk f`kls p`rslkbd y ltrls r`aursls, pu`m` nlrzbr b dls o`r`kt`s b pbrtcacpbr `k nukaclk`s kl o`r`kacbd`s. Dd`k` db dcstb m` r`vcscñk scouc`kt` y s`d`aaclk` dls puktls qu` alkscm`rb nukaclk`s o`r`kacbd`s `k alktrbplscacñk alktrbplscac ñk alk dbs nukaclk`s kl o`r`kacbd`s u lp`rbtcvbs.

]bktl dls o`r`kt`s ku`vls alfl dls `xp`rcf`ktbmls tc`k`k mcncaudtbm pbrb m`acmcr `ktr` dls `d`f`ktls m` db nukacñk o`r`kacbd y kl o`r`kacbd m` sus batcvcmbm`s dbilrbd`s mcbrcbs.

O`r`kacbd Lp`rbtcvb 2.  ^csctbr ukb au`ktb alk ukl m` sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs pbrb flstrbr bd adc`kt` qu` db d b o`r`kacb m` db alfpbòæb `stâ ckt`r`sbmb `k db au`ktb.

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9.  Gba`r db pr`s`ktbacñk m` uk prlmuatl b uk adc`kt`  pbrb flstrbr b uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs añfl gba`rdl. 1.  Gba`r sldl ukb ukb vcsctb bd puktl m` v`ktb m` uk orbk mcstrciucmlr mcstrciuc mlr pbrb ar`br r`dbaclk`s alk adc`kt`s y  prlflaclkbr `d k`olacl. k`olacl. =.  @xpdcabr añfl r`sldv`r uk prlid`fb dbilrbd qu` ukl m` sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs d` gb  pdbkt`bml. 0.  Dd`kbr uk nlrfudbrcl pbrb r`alf`kmbr uk buf`ktl m` su`dml pbrb ukl m` sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs. >.  @xpdcabr b ukl m` sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs

 plr quã `stâ r`acic`kml uk uk buf`ktl m` su`d su`dml. ml. 

Q`d`aaclk` dls puktls qu` alkscm`rb s`r nukaclk`s o`r`kacbd`s `k alktrbplscacñk alk dbs nukaclk`s kl o`r`kacbd`s u lp`rbtcvbs.

 

2:  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs sñdl pu`m`k t`k`r ãxctl sc r`alkla`k qu` su pbp`d `s `d m` `ktr`kbmlr, kl `d m` v`km`mlr, y s` bhustbk b `ddl.

?.  @ktr`vcstbr uk abkmcmbtl b r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs qu`

O`r`kacbd

Lp`rbtcvb

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d` gb `kvcbml ukb bo`kacb m` `fpd`ls. 7.  Mbr uk cknlrf` m` prlor`sl plr t`dãnlkl b su o`r`kt` m` v`ktbs. 3.  Zr`ouktbr b ukl m` sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs dl qu`  pc`ksb slir` v`km`r ukb ukb cm`b qu` gb t`kcml. 2:.  Zdbkcncabr y m`acmcr slir` uk lih`tcvl m` v`ktbs `k mñdbr`s plr abmb au`ktb. 22.  M`acmcr aubd m`i` s`r db sldcactum m` pr`supu`stl p r`supu`stl m` alstls pbrb su `qucpl m` v`ktbs. 29.  @xbfckbr dls cknlrf`s f`ksubd`s pbrb m`t`rfckbr `d  prlor`sl gbacb lih`tcvls lih`tcvls m` v`ktbs `sp` `sp`aæncals. aæncals. 21.  M`acmcr sc bhustbrs` b uk pr`acl alfp`tctcvl ibsâkmls` `k alkscm`rbaclk`s nu`rb m`d bdabka` m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs.

2=.  M`acmcr sc r`alf`kmbr qu` s` bòbmb uk pu`stl m` trbibhl. 20.  Mcs`òbr ukb f`hlr mcstrciuacñk m` dbs lncackbs ln cackbs m` v`ktbs. 2>.  Z`mcr b su p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs qu` `stbid`zab lih`tcvls t`ktbtcvls b s`cs f`s`s pbrb `d køf`rl m` vcsctbs  p`rslkbd`s m` v`ktbs v`ktbs g`agbs b dbs au`ktbs prcka prckacpbd`s cpbd`s 2?.  Mbr ukb agbrdb `k uk ckstctutl dlabd slir` lplrtukcmbm`s m` gba`r abrr`rb `k `d f`rabml.

 

 

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O`r`kacbd Lp`rbtcvb 27.  ]rbksn`rcr ukb au`ktb m` uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs W b uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs S plrqu` `d

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 prcf`rl kl gba` `d `snu`rzl `snu`rzl k`a`sbrcl pbrb m`sbrrlddbr mcagb au`ktb. 23.  ]`d`nlk`br b uk adc`kt` pbrb sldcactbr byumb pbrb

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r`sldv`r uk prlid`fb m` `ktr`ob b uk adc`kt` qu` tc`k` ukl m` sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs. 9:.  Zdbkcncabr `k quã f`mcmb m`i`k sus Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s

m` ^`ktbs usbr dls s`rvcacls m`d p`rslkbd murbkt` `d bòl prñxcfl pbrb bdabkzbr dls lih`tcvls odlibd`s m` v`ktbs.

Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs m`i`k `ktr`kbr bklltrls pbrb v`km`r, iusabr lplrtukcmbm`s m` flstrbr sus prlpcbs gbicdcmbm`s alfl v`km`mlr`s. @st` `s ukl m` sus nbddls fâs alfuk`s.

 

29  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

O `r `kac kacb br u l lp p`r br   Y`spu`stbs suo`rcmbs

O`r`kacbr lit`kc`kml r`sudtbmls b trbvãs m` ltrls pu`m` t`k`r duobr f`mcbkt`8

^`bfls bglrb dbs r`spu`stbs suo`rcmbs (alk `xpdcabaclk`s) pbrb dbs batcvcmbm`s m`

Fltcvbacñk

2.

M`d`obacñk

o`r`kacbr v`rsus lp`rbr.

Lp`rbr. @stb batcvcmbm pu`m` s`r bdtbf`kt` k`a`sbrcb, p`rl s` trbtb m` v`km`r, kl m` o`r`kacbr. @d prlpñsctl mcr`atl m` db vcsctb kl `s lit`k`r r`sudtbmls b trbvãs m` ltrls.

@ktr`kbfc`ktl

9. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s `ktr`kbr.

Bs`slræb

1. Lp`rbr. @stl `s v`km`r.

Alfukcabacñk 

=. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s sup`rvcsbr, bsufc`kml qu` `d p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs kl r`aurr` b su o`r`kt` `k iøsqu`mb m` slduaclk`s rutckbrcbs l prlid`fbs r`aurr`kt`s qu` slk abpba`s m` fbk`hbr plr sæ fcsfl, sñdl pbrb qu` s` sc`ktb prlmuatcvl. Q`ræb bs`slræb, m` s`r k`a`sbrcb, ukb alkv`rsbacñk p`rslkbd fâs nlrfbd y pdbkcncabmb.

0. Lp`rbr. Dd`kbr prlpcbf`kt` mcagl `d nlrfudbrcl, `s `k r`bdcmbm uk trbibhl m` lncackb. Mbr ckstruaaclk`s b db s`ar`tbrcb pbrb qu` dl dd`k` s`ræb ukb batcvcmbm o`r`kacbd plrqu` s` `stbræb m`d`obkml.

>. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s fltcvbr. ?. Lp`rbr. @stb batcvcmbm pu`m` s`r `s`kacbd, p`rl `d o`r`kt` `stâ `k r`bdcmbm `n`atubkml ukb nukacñk m`d p`rslkbd, bd coubd qu` `stâ v`kmc`kml aubkml gba` ukb vcsctb b ukb au`ktb. au`ktb. Aubkml `stâ `ktr`vc `ktr`vcstbkml stbkml kl `stâ `k r`bdcmbm lit`kc`kml r`sudtbmls b trbvãs m` ltrls. Qck `fibrol, m`acmcr alktrbtbr b bdouc`k m`spuãs m` gbi`r nckbdczbml m` prla`sl p rla`sl m` r`adutbfc`ktl y s`d`aacñk, sæ s` alkscm`rbræb ukb batcvcmbm o`r`kacbd.

7. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s alfukcabr b `n`atls m` alktrld, sc`fpr` qu` `d o`r`kt` dl `stã gbac`kml pbrb s`r oucbml y mcrcocml. M` kl s`r bsæ, s` trbtbrâ m` f`rb alfukcabacñk, dl aubd gba` tlml `d fukml, s`b kl l o`r`kt`.

3. Lp`rbr. @stl `s alfukcabr, prlibid`f`kt` pbrb m`sbrrlddbr uk prlorbfb m` v`ktbs y plmræb s`r ukb fbk`rb m` fltcvbr sc `d lih`tcvl prckacpbd m`d o`r`kt` `s gba`r qu` `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` r `pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs pbrtcacp` `k `d m`sbrrlddl m` db cm`b  pbrb dlorbr ba`ptbacñk fâs tbrm`. tbrm`.

 

 

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2:. Lp`rbr. @d o`r`kt` `stâ m`sbrrlddbkml lih`tcvls qu` slk ukb batcvcmbm o`r`kacbd, p`rl kl `stâ m`d`obkml5 `stâ m`sbrrlddbkml lih`tcvls pbrb au`ktbs qu` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m`i`ræbk `stbr f`hlr f `hlr abdcncabmls pbrb r`bdczbr,  pu`stl qu` trbibhbk `k `k `str`agb r`dbacñk alk `sbs `sbs au`ktbs. Aubkml `d o`r`kt` `xbfckb dls lih`tcvls m` v`ktbs m` ukl m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s r`pr`s`ktbkt`s,, `stbrâ o`r`kacbkml plr aubktl `stâ sck duobr b mumbs pdbkcncabkml p dbkcncabkml `k pbrt` uk lih`tcvl m` v`ktbs odlibd qu` dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs m`i`k bdabkzbr alfl uk orupl.

22. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s pdbkcncabr-m`sbrrlddbr p dbkcncabr-m`sbrrlddbr uk pr`supu`st pr`supu`stl. l. Zr`s`ktbr `d

Alfl pu`m`k v`r, db mcn`r`kacb `ktr` o`r`kacbr y lp`rbr pu`m` s`r sutcd `k fuagls absls.

 pr`supu`stl `k `d nlrfbml bm`aubml bm`aubml s`ræb trbibh trbibhll m` lncackb.

29. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s f`mcr y `vbdubr. 21. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s prlibid`f`kt` p rlibid`f`kt` allrmckbr-bs`ourbrs` qu` aubdquc`r m`svcbacñk m` pr`acls s`b alkscst`kt` alk `d pdbk odlibd. Qck `fibrol, s`ræb ukb batcvcmbm lp`rbtcvb sc dls prla`mcfc`ktls y alktrld`s pumc`rbk `stbid`a`rs` m` fbk`rb qu` ac`rtbs m`acsclk`s ba`rab m` nchbr pr`acls pumc`rbk m`d`obrs`. m`d`obrs`.

2=. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s m`sbrrlddbr db `struaturb m` db lrobkczbacñk. 20. Lp`rbr. @stb `s ukb nukacñk n ukacñk m` cko`kc`ræb m` fãtlmls. M`acmcr f`hlrbr db mcstrciuacñk m` db lncackb s`ræb ukb batcvcmbm o`r`kacbd.

2>. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s m`sbrrlddbr m `sbrrlddbr lih`tcvls lih`tcvls,, bsæ alfl klrfbs m` m`s`fp`òl. 2?. Lp`rbr. @stl `s m`s`fp`òbr m `s`fp`òbr ukb nukacñk m` r`dbaclk`s pøidcabs. 27. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s alrr`ocr-bmlptbr f`mcmbs alrr`atcvbs m` alktrld. ]bficãk  plmræb alkscm`rbrs` alkscm`rbrs` db pbrt` mcsacpdckb mcsacpdckbrcb rcb m` db sup`rvcscñk sup`rvcscñk..

23. Lp`rbr. @stl pu`m` kl s`r k`a`sbrcl, p`rl `s db pbrt` ckt`rkb m`d trbibhl m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs. @d prlpñsctl mcr`atl m` ukb ddbfbmb t`d`nñkcab kl `s

Z`rl plmræbfls m`acr

lit`k`r r`sudtbmls b trbvãs m`, sckl fâs ic`k pbrb su r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs.

—qu` ukl `stâ

9:. O`r`kacbr. @stl `s m`sbrrlddbr m `sbrrlddbr uk prlorbfb m` `strbt`ocb m` f`rabm`l pbrb bdabkzbr r`sudtbmls plr orupl. Alfl pu`m`k v`r, db mcn`r`kacb `ktr` o`r`kacbr y lp`rbr pu`m` s`r sutcd `k fuagls absls. M` g`agl, pu`m` pbr`a`r qu` mls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs `stâk r`bdczbkml batcvcmbm`s cmãktcabs, cmãktcabs, p`rl plmræbfls m`acr qu` —ukl `stâ o`r`kacbml y `d ltrl kl‖, m`p`kmc`kml m` sc db ckt`kacñk `s l kl lit`k`r r`sudtb r`sudtbmls mls b trbvãs m` ltrls, l pbrb ltrls.

o`r`kacbml y `d ltrl kl‖, m`p`kmc`kml m` sc

db ckt`kacñk `s l kl lit`k`r r`sudtbmls b trbvãs m` ltrls, l pbrb ltrls. 

 

2=  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

CCC. M@QAYCZACÑK  M@D  M@D A   BYOL  BYO L M@ O @Y@ @Y@K] K]@@ M@ ^ @K]BQ @K]BQ  Q` `sp`rb m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs qu` m`s`fp`ò` su abrol alk ãxctl, aufpdc`kml

C kt ktrr lmuaa uaacc ñk

abibdf`kt` r`qucsctls, tlmls dls m`s`fp`òbkml tlmbs dbs nukaclk`s o`r`kacbd`s ` cfpd`f`ktbkml, `k o`k`rbd, dls prla`mcfc`ktls y dbs pldætcabs m` db bdtb o`r`kacb. 

o`r`kacbd`s ` cfpd`f`ktbkml, `k o`k`rbd, dls prla`mcfc`ktls y dbs pldætcabs m` db bdtb o`r`kacb. Qck `fibrol, bkt`s m` qu` `d o`r`kt` pu`mb m`s`fp`òbrs` m` fbk`rb

Q

` `sp`rb m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs qu` m`s`fp`ò` su abrol alk ãxctl, aufpdc`kml abibdf`kt` tlmls dls r`qucsctls, m`s`fp`òbkml tlmbs dbs nukaclk`s

`ncabz, m`i`râ cknlrfârs`d` m` dbs kuf`rlsbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s `sp`aæncabs m` su abrol. Pkb v`z t`kob `d o`r`kt` alklacfc`ktl m` sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s, r`splksbicdcmbm`s, `d prñxcfl  pbsl s`râ `kt`km`rdbs `kt`km`rdbs abibdf`kt` y m`mcabrs` pd`kb pd`kbf`kt` f`kt` b sus r`splksbicd r`splksbicdcmbm`s cmbm`s y m`i`r`s. Qñdl `ktlka`s plmrâ `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `stbr pr`pbrbml pbrb m`s`fp`òbr dls mcv`rsls m`i`r`s m` su abrol. Db scouc`kt` M`sarcpacñk m` Abrol s` gb pr`pbrbml pbrb prlplraclkbr bd O`r`kt` m`

Db m`sarcpacñk m`d abrol m`i`râ r`vcsbrs r`vcsbrs`` y bkbdczbrs` alk db bdtb o`r`kacb.

Dls r`sudtbmls nckbd`s m` `st` ckt`rabficl m`i`ræbk s`r uk buf`ktl m` db `ncac`kacb y m`mcabacñk alfpd`tb m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m` Mcstrctl. 

^`ktbs uk `kt`kmcfc`ktl alfpd`tl m` sus m`i`r`s. @stb m`sarcpacñk ckaduy` cknlrfbacñk `sp`aæncab slir` dbs r`dbaclk`s alrplrbtcvbs m`d o`r`kt`, o `r`kt`, sus nukaclk`s m` abrâat`r o`k`rbd y sus r`splksbicdc r`splksbicdcmbm`s mbm`s `sp`aæncabs, ckaduy`kml dbs qu` m`i`k cfpd`f`ktbrs` `k `d abfpl. Q` r`alfc`kmb sufckcstrbr db M`sarcpacñk m` Abrol bd O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs pbrb alkscm`rbrdl m`sm` `d puktl m` vcstb p`rslkbd y alrplrbtcvl. @k `d flf`ktl y `k db r`ukcñk bprlpcbmb, `d o`r`kt` m`i`râ r`vcsbr y bkbdczbr db m`sarcpacñk m`d abrol alk db bdtb o`r`kacb. @k mcagb r`ukcñk m`i`ræb `dcfckbrs` aubdquc`r fbd`kt`kmcml y r`splkm`rs` aubdquc`r pr`ouktb qu` `d o`r`kt` pumc`rb t`k`r r`sp`atl b su abrol o`r`kacbd. Dls r`sudtbmls nckbd`s m` `st` ckt`rabficl m`i`ræbk m`i `ræbk s`r uk buf`ktl m` db `ncac`kacb y m`mcabacñk alfpd`tb m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs .

 B.. Y `dba  B dbac lk` k`ss m`kt ktrr l m` db lr obkcz obkczb bac ñk  2. Qu sup`r sup`rclr clr mcr`atl `s `d O`r`kt` m` ^` ^`ktbs ktbs Y`oclkbd, `d mcr`atlr m` db ukcmbm m` k`olacl, `d o`r`kt` m` v`ktbs l aubdquc`r ltrl ckt`orbkt` m` db o`r`kacb qu` s` d` gbyb bscokbml. 9.  Fbk`hb mcr`atbf`kt` dbs batcvcmbm`s m`d p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs m` abfpl qu` s` d` gb bscokbml.

 

 

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I . N ukacl ukac lk`s k`s m` abr abr âat at``r o`k o`k``r bd 2.  Obrbktczbr qu` s` bdabka`k tlmls dls lih`tcvls y f`tbs m` db alfpbòæb `k su âr`b m` r`splksbic r`splksbicdcmbm. dcmbm. 9.  Fbk`hbr alk `ncac`kacb `d p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs b su abrol, bs`ourâkmls` qu` abmb ukb m` `sbs p`rslkbs dlor`k `d fbylr ar`acfc`ktl y m`sbrrlddl plscid`. 1.  Q`d`aaclkbr, `ktr`kbr y fbkt`k`r uk p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs pd`kbf`kt` abpbz m` bdabkzbr dls lih`tcvls alrplrbtcvls. alrplrbtcvls. =.  Obrbktczbr db cktrlmuaacñk y prlflacñk bm`aubmbs m` tlmls dl prlmuatls m` db

Q`d`aaclkbr, `ktr`kbr y fbkt`k`r uk p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs pd`kbf`kt` abpbz m` bdabkzbr dls lih`tcvls alrplrbtcvls.

alfpbòæb y `d s`oucfc`ktl k`a`sbrcl f`mcbkt` batcvcmbm`s m` prlflacñk. 0.  Zrlflv`r b trbvãs m`d p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs y m` su prlpcl `snu`rzl p`rslkbd db cfbo`k qu` tc`k` db alfpbòæb `ktr` `d p`rslkbd adc`kt`, nbrfbaãutcal y pbrb adc`kt`, `k prcf`r duobr, y `d alksufcmlr, `k s`oukml duobr.

A . Y `sp spl lksb ksbi ic dcm dc mbm`s `sp sp``aæn aæ nc ab abss 2.  Y`adutbr, alktrbtbr y `ktr`kbr (ibhl db mcr`aacñk m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs Y`oclkbd) b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m` v`ktbs v` ktbs pbrb alktbr alk uk `qucpl m`

Y`splksbicdcmbm`s `sp`aæncabs8

v`ktbs `ncac`kt` `k su mcstrctl. 9.  A`raclrbrs` m` qu` abmb ukl m` dls ckt`orbkt`s m` su p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs `stã trbibhbkml su t`rrctlrcl m` db fbk`rb fâs `ncabz `ncab z plscid`. @stl scokcncab qu` `d

Y`adutbr, alktrbtbr y `ktr`kbr.

O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m`t`rfckb sc abmb ukl m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m` v`ktbs `stâ aufpdc`kml pd`kbf`kt` l kl sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s t`rrctlrcbd`s (bfpdcbf`kt` `xpdcabmbs `k db m`sarcpacñk m`d abrol m` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs). 1.  Fbkt`k`r b su p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs alfpd`tbf`kt` cknlrfbml, `k tlml flf`ktl, m` tlmls dls prla`mcfc`ktls y pldætcabs m` db alfpbòæb y a`raclrbrs` m` qu` dls lis`rv`k `k db fbylr f`mcmb plscid`. =.  @stbid`a`r (ibhl db mcr`aacñk m`d O`r`kt` O`k`rbd) lih`tcvls y f`tbs m` v`ktbs  pbrb abmb p`rslkb `k ibs` f`ksubd, f`ksubd, s`f`strbd y bkubd bkubd,, y trbibhbr `k `str`agl alktbatl alk `ddbs pbrb qu` t`kobk ãxctl `k bdabkzbrdls. 0.  Fbkt`k`r bd p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs tltbd y alktckubf`kt` cknlrfbml m` dls r`sudtbmls m` sus `snu`rzls pbrb v`km`r, a`raclrâkmls` m` qu` abmb ukb m` dbs  p`rslkbs `ktc`km` adbrbf`kt` adbrbf`kt` sc `stâ bdabkzbkml l kl sus sus lih`tcvls y f`tbs m` v`ktb `sp`aæncals.

@stbid`a`r (ibhl db mcr`aacñk m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs Y`oclkbd) lih`tcvls y f`tbs m` v`ktbs pbrb abmb p`rslkb `k ibs` f`ksubd, s`f`strbd y bkubd, y trbibhbr `k `str`agl alktbatl alk `ddbs pbrb qu` t`kobk ãxctl `k bdabkzbrdls.

 

2>  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

A . Y `spl splksbi ksbicc dcdcm mbm`s `sp sp``aæn aæ nc ab abss ( alkt.) alkt.) >.  M`sbrrlddbr y allrmckbr uk pdbk m` baacñk `ncabz pbrb abmb acadl m` v`ktbs. Cknlrfbr m`spuãs b su p`rslkbd p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs m` abmb pdbk m` v`ktbs v`ktbs ku`vl y trbibhbr `k alktbatl `str`agl alk abmb p`rslkb pbrb bdabkzbr dbs f`tbs m`  prlflacñk m` v`ktbs v`ktbs m`s`bmbs. ?.  @xbfckbr y `vbdubr `d m`s`fp`òl `k v`ktbs m` abmb p`rslkb `k ibs` s`f`strbd.

Y`splksbicdcmbm`s `sp`aæncabs8

]`k`r alkv`rsbaclk`s alk abmb p`rslkb slir` sus batcvcmbm`s m` v`ktbs pbrb

M`sbrrlddbr y allrmckbr.

âr`bs mlkm` gbyb t`kcml iu`k m`s`fp`òl, byumbrdb b cm`ktcncabr dbs âr`bs qu`

Y`vcsbr y `vbdubr `d m`s`fp`òl m` abmb p`rslkb.

f`tbs m`s`bmls.

Qlst`k`r r`ukclk`s m` v`ktbs. Ptcdczbr dls mbtls m` `vbdubacñk m` m`s`fp`òl.

`s` p`rælml `k uk bfic`kt` cknlrfbd y alrmcbd. @dlocbr b abmb p`rslkb `k dbs m`i` f`hlrbr y m`sbrrlddbr uk pdbk m` baacñk pbrb qu` bdabka` dls lih`tcvls y 7.  ]rbibhbr `k db lrobkczbacñk y r`lrobkczbacñk m` abmb t`rrctlrcl m` v`ktbs, sc`fpr` qu` s`b k`a`sbrcl pbrb dlorbr f`hlr dls lih`tcvls alrplrbtcvls. alrplrbtcvls.  

3. @ktr`kbr b abmb ckt`orbkt` m` su `qucpl m` v`ktbs `k alklacfc`ktl m`d  prlmuatl, gbicdcmbm gbicdcmbm `k v`ktbs, pdbkcnca pdbkcncabacñk bacñk m`d t`rrctlrc t`rrctlrcll y tlmbs dbs âr`bs `s`kacbd`s m` o`stcñk t`rrctlrcbd. 2:.  Qlst`k`r r`ukclk`s m` v`ktbs mcs`òbmbs pbrb pr`s`ktbr `d pdbk prlflaclkbd m` v`ktbs batubd, bkbdczbr bsuktls alrplrbtcvls cfplrtbkt`s cfplrtbkt`s,, m`t`rfckbr db `ncabacb m`d pdbk m` baacñk `k aursl, `ta.. 22.  Ptcdczbr dls mbtls m` `vbdubacñk m` m`s`fp`òl pbrb gba`r r`alf`kmbaclk`s b db o`r`kacb slir` su`dmls y ilkls l alfcsclk`s `sp`acbd`s. 29.  Y`alf`kmbr `d m`spcml m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s qu` vcld`k dbs pldætcabs m` db alfpbòæb y m` quc`k`s, m`spuãs m` uk p`rælml rbzlkbid`, s`bk ckabpba`s m` aufpdcr dls kcv`d`s cfplrtbkt`s m` m`s`fp`òl `k v`ktbs, suh`tl b alksudtb alk db o`r`kacb. 21.  Bsufcr ltrbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s qu` d` gbybk scml `sp`aæncabf`kt` bscokbmbs  plr su sup`rvcslr sup`rvcslr ckf`mcbtl.

 

 

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2?

M. Y `splksbic splksbicdcdcm mbm bm``s lp lp``rbt btccvb vbss slir slir``v` v`ktbs ktbs ``kk ``dd abfp abfpl 2.  Y`vcsbr dls cknlrf`s y dls r`sudtbmls m` v`ktbs m` abmb p`rslkb r`oudbrf`kt`,  pbrb bs`ourbrs` qu` s` bmgc`r`k bmgc`r`k b dls lih`tcvls y pdbk`s odlibd`s. Ckv`stcob Ckv`stcobrr ckf`mcbtbf`kt` aubdquc`r m`svcbacñk y bmlptbr dbs f`mcmbs alrr`atcvbs k`a`sbrcbs. 9.  ]rbibhbr alk abmb ukl m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m` v`ktbs plal tc`fpl m`spuãs m` r`acicr dls ild`tck`s m` v`ktbs, pdbk, `ta, y `d r`ocstrl m` bscst`kacb b dbs r`ukclk`s m` v`ktbs, pbrb a`raclrbrs` m` qu` s` `ktc`kmbk dls pdbk`s y

Y`splksbicdcmbm`s lp`rbtcvbs slir` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl.

 prlorbfbs y qu` abmb ukb ukb m` dbs p`rslkbs dls bply` pd`kbf`kt`. pd`kbf`kt`. 1.  Zdbkcncabr y fbkt`k`r uk prlorbfb `ncabz m` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl y m` batcvcmbm`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs. =.  Zbrtcacpbr `k db prlorbfbacñk y pdbkcncabacñk alkhuktb m` prlorbfbs m` `ktr`kbfc`ktl `k v`ktbs `k `d abfpl y r`ukclk`s m` v`ktbs. 0.  Zr`s`ktbr, aubkml s`b k`a`sbrcl, pdbk`s alfpd`tls pbrb abficls m`d t`rrctlrcl m` v`ktbs y r`qucsctls m`d p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs, ckmcabkml uk pdbk m` baacñk `ncabz pbrb abmb ukl. >.  Bkbdczbr m` fbk`rb alkscst`kt` alkscst`kt` dls r`sudtbmls m` vv`ktbs `ktbs plr prlmuatl, adbs` m` alf`racl y t`rrctlrcl m` v`ktbs, bsæ alfl dls nbatlr`s qu` cknduy`k dls r`sudtbmls. Aubkml s`b k`a`sbrcl, gba`r r`alf`kmbaclk`s b db o`r`kacb pbrb `n`atubr r`vcsclk`s l abficls m` db `strbt`ocb m` v`ktbs mcrcocmls b ba`d`rbr `d  prlor`sl m` dbs v`ktbs. v`ktbs. ?.  Fbkt`k`r b db o`r`kacb m` v`ktbs ic`k cknlrfbmb slir` tlmbs dbs nbs`s m` dbs

Zdbkcncabr y fbkt`k`r uk prlorbfb `ncabz m` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl y m` batcvcmbm`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs.

Bkbdczbr m` fbk`rb alkscst`kt` dls r`sudtbmls m` v`ktbs plr prlmuatl, adbs` m` alf`racl y t`rrctlrcl m` v`ktbs, bsæ alfl dls nbatlr`s qu` cknduy`k dls r`sudtbmls.

batcvcmbm`s m` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl, tbd`s alfl `d prlor`sl ckmcvcmubd m` abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt`, db alfp`t`kacb, batctum`s m` db prln`scñk fãmcab, `ta., f`mcbkt` f `mcbkt` cknlrf`s m` prlor`sl m` vcbh`s m` abfpl prlorbfbmls. 7.  M`sbrrlddbr r`dbaclk`s m` alkncbkzb alk abmb ckt`orbkt` m`d `qucpl m` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl. Bd`ktbr `d ckt`rabficl m` cm`bs, `sauagbr dls prlid`fbs alk bt`kacñk y oucbr b abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` pbrb byumbrd` b yumbrd` b r`sldv`r prlid`fbs `sp`aæncals m` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl. 3.  @snlrzbrs` plr alkla`r dls rbsols økcals m` p`rslkbdcmbm abrbat`ræstcals m` abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs y t`k`r pr`s`kt` `stls nbatlr`s bd sup`rvcsbr dbs batcvcmbm`s m` v`ktbs m` abmb ukl m` `ddls. 2:.  M`sbrrlddbr y fbkt`k`r r`dbaclk`s bfcstlsbs alk p`rslkbd cknduy`kt` m` dbs au`ktbs, `k abmb t`rrctlrcl m` v`ktbs.

M`sbrrlddbr r`dbaclk`s m` alkncbkzb alk abmb ckt`orbkt` m`d `qucpl m` v`ktbs `k `d abfpl.

 

27  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Pkb v`z s` gbyb g`agl abrol m` uk mcstrctl ku`vl, pu`m` qu` m`s`` gba`r ukb `vbdubacñk alfpd`tb m`d fcsfl pbrb `xbfckbr su stbtus qul. Sb alkla`  p`rn`atbf`kt` sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s r`splksbicdcmbm`s b trbvãs m` ddbb m`sarcpacñk m` su abro abroll y m` alkv`rsbaclk`s alk db o`r`kacb, plr dl qu` `stâ dcstl pbrb `n`atubr db `vbdubacñk m` su mcstrctl.

Sb alkla` p`rn`atbf`kt` sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s b trbvãs m` db m`sarcpacñk m` su abrol y m` alkv`rsbaclk`s alk db o`r`kacb.

@ . @ vbdub vbdubac acñ ñk o`r `kacb kacbd m`d mc str str c tl Db @vbdubacñk O`r`kacbd m`d Mcstrctl `s scfpd`f`kt` uk ckv`ktbrcl m` dbs batcvcmbm`s k`a`sbrcbs m` db lrobkczbacñk m` v`ktbs y uk bkâdcscs m` dbs gbicdcmbm`s, alklacfc`ktls y batctum`s qu` db o`r`kacb m` v`ktbs k`a`sctb (alksudt` `d Abpætudl 1, pâockbs =?-=7).

Ybzlkbfc`ktl Qc`fpr` qu` kl s` aufpd` uk lih`tcvl m` v`ktbs, ckvbrcbid`f`kt` `xcst`k  prlid`fbs alk dbs v`ktbs. v`ktbs. Gby sc`fpr` prlid`fbs prlid`fbs ‑   ‑ b v`a`s orbv`s ‑   alk  prâatcabf`kt` tlmb nu`rzb nu`rzb m` v`ktbs. Qc tc`k` aubdquc`r mumb, mumb, r`splkmb dbs  pr`ouktbs m` db scouc`kt` scouc`kt` @vbdubacñk O`r`kacbd m` Mcstrctl. Q`b glk glk`stl `stl bd r`splkm`r dbs pr`ouktbs m` db `vbdubacñk, aubkml fâs bs` bhust` b db v`rmbm, f f`hlr `hlr  plmrâ r`sldv`r dls prlid`fbs. Qc s` slrpr`km` plr `d køf`rl køf`rl m` bmfcsclk`s, kl s`

@st` `h`racacl d` byumbrâ b bkbdczbr dls puktls nu`rt`s alk qu` au`ktb y b cm`ktcncabr alk `xbatctum dbs âr`bs `k dbs qu` pu`m` f`hlrbr l m`sbrrlddbr m `sbrrlddbr gbicdcmbm`s o`r`kacbd`s bmcaclkbd`s.

 pr`laup`5 plr dl f`kls `stâ `k abfck abfckll m` o`r`kacbr dbs v`ktbs alk ``ncac`kacb, ncac`kacb,  plrqu` `stâ sc`kml sc`kml prlbatcvl bd bkbdczbr ddls ls prlid`fbs y dbs lplrt lplrtukcmbm`s. ukcmbm`s. Ptcdc Ptcdca` a` `d `spbacl fbrabml —Alf`ktbrcls‖ pbrb pdbkcncabr dbs batcvcmbm`s nuturbs. nu turbs. Gby sck duobr b mumbs acraukstbkacbs suybs prlpcbs qu` d` oustbræb ckaducr `k `stb `vbdubacñk. Y`splkmb dbs pr`ouktbs m` dbs pâockbs scouc`kt`s m` db fbk`rb fâs lih`tcvb y scka`rb plscid`. Q`râ ust`m `d økcal qu` v`b dbs r`spu`stbs. @st` `h`racacl d` byumbrâ b yumbrâ b bkbdczbr dls puktls nu`rt`s alk qu` au`ktb y b cm`ktcncabr alk `xbatctum dbs âr`bs `k dbs qu` pu`m` f`hlrbr l m`sbrrlddbr gbicdcmbm`s o`r`kacbd`s bmcaclkbd`s. bmcaclkbd`s.

 

 

Mciuhl ‑  Mciuhl  ‑  v`r  v`r alfpd`f`ktl

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9:  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Dls adc`kt`s m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs Bdtb O`r`kacb

       

M`pt. m` Nckbkzbs      M`pt. m` F`rabm`l    M`pt. Adc`kt`         M`pt. m` Mcstrciuacñk     M`pt. D`obd         M`pt. m` Y`ocstrl     M`pt. m` Zrlmuaacñk     M`pt. m` Alfprbs     M`pt. m` @fpbqu`     Bmfckcstrbacñk    

CK]@YKLQ

Adc`kt`s     Adc`kt`s                                     

Abkbd`s m` mcstrciuacñk Mcstrciucmlr`s Mcstrciucmlr`s nckbd`s Alfctãs m` prlmuatls Lrobkczbaclk`s Lrobkczbaclk`s alf`racbd`s Bo`kacbs m` puidcacmbm M`p. oui`rkbf`ktbd`s @qucpl m` v`ktbs Bmubkbs Alksufcmlr`s

@W]@YKLQ

Y`suf`k @d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs laupb uk abrol aruacbd y su trbibhl alfpr`km` kuf`rlsls  pbp`d`s y r`splksbicdcmbm`s r`splksbicdcmbm`s mcn`r`kt`s mcn`r`kt`s.. M`i` s`r uk ckmcvc ckmcvcmul mul qu` pls`b kl sñdl gbicdcmbm`s ckt`rp`rslkbd`s ckt`rp`rslkbd`s `xa`paclkbd`s, sckl tbficãk uk orbk alklacfc`ktl m`d k`olacl. @d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs pbrtcacpb `k db pdbkcncabacñk m`d trbibhl `k `d mcstrctl, bscokbkml tbr`bs `sp`aæncabs b dls Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs y `vbdubkml db `ncac`kacb m` abmb ukl m` `ddls. Dls o`r`kt`s `xctlsls `ktc`km`k y ba`ptbk qu` dbs k`a`scmbm`s m` db alfpbòæb s` sbtcsnba`k f`hlr aubkml tbficãk s` sbtcsnba`k dbs k`a`scmbm`s m` dls ckmcvcmuls ckmcvcmuls ibh ibhll su abrol. Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs k`a`sc k`a`sctbk tbk t`k`r ukb vcscñk odlibd y gbicdcmbm`s m` pdbkcncabacñk m` k`olacls y nckbkac`rbs qu` d`s p`rfctbk fbk`hbr su mcstrctl alfl uk a`ktrl m` i`k`ncacls. @k ir`v`, `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `xctlsl `s, `k `s`kacb, —`d qu` litc`k` r`sudtbmls r`ktbid`s b trbvãs m` ltrls‖.  ltrls‖. 

 

 

M@ Y @ZY@Q@K]BK]@ @ZY@Q@K]BK]@ B O@Y@K]@

Z r `ouktb uktbs m m`` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk CKQ]YPAACLK@Q8 Aldlqu` uk aæraudl `k db d`trb alrr`splkmc`kt` b db r`spu`stb alrr`atb pbrb abmb pr`ouktb. 2.  ^`km`r prlmuatls `k dls bòls 9::: r`sudtb ukb tbr`b mcnæacd m`icml b prlmuatls ku`vls, buf`ktl m` alfp`t`kacb y sustctuacñk o`kãrcab. b. ^`rmbm`rl  i. Nbdsl 9.  Bglrb db bt`kacñk s` mcrco` f`kls b dbs nbs`s m` s`rvcacl , dls prlorbfbs s`rvcacls bd adc`kt`. b. ^`rmbm`rl  i. Nbdsl 1.  ¼Auâd m` dbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s scouc`kt`s kl alrr`splkm` b dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs< b. @vbdubr `d m`s`fp`òl `k v`ktbs  i. Fltcvbr Fltcvbr b db nu`rzb m` v`ktb v`ktbss pbrb bdabkzbr dls llih`tcv ih`tcvls ls m` v`k v`ktbs tbs pd pdbkcnca bkcncabmls bmls a. @ktr`kbr y m`sbrrlddbr r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs alk `xp`rc`kacb m. @snlrzbrs` alkstbkt`f`kt` plr f`hlrbr sus alklacfc`ktls y gbicdcmbm`s. =.  O`r`kacbr ocrb bdr`m`mlr m` aubtrl nukaclk`s n ukaclk`s iâscabs8 b. Lrobkczbr, pdbkcncabr, mbr s`oucfc`ktl, alktrldbr  i. Zdbkcncabr, lrobkczbr, dcm`rbr, dcm`rbr, alktrldbr a. Alktrldbr, pdbkcncabr, ba`ptbr, lrobkczbr m. Lrobkczbr, alf`racbdczbr, alktrldbr, pdbkcncabr 0.  Db m`nckcacñk m` o`stcñk `s8 b. @xa`m`r su pr`supu`stl m` v`ktbs tlmls dls bòls  i. @ktr`kbr b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs pbrb alkv alkv`rtcrd`s `rtcrd`s `k o`r`kt`s a. Lit`k`r r`sudtbmls r`ktbid`s b trbvãs m` ltrls m. Bmlptbr `d pbp`d m` uk `h`autcvl.

92

 

99  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y `sp spu` u`stb stbss b dbs pr pr `ouktbs uktbs m` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2. 

B

9. 

I

1. 

A

=. 

I

0. 

A

 

 

DB LNCACKB @K ABQB 91

A  B  ‑  D B LNC ACKB @K A   BZÆ ZÆ ]PDL ]PD L C C  ‑   BQB  B QB   C.

C K]YLMPAACÑK  

]

`k`fls kuf`rlsbs g`rrbfc`ktbs g`rrbfc`ktbs b ku`strb mcsplscacñk qu` pu`m`k byumbrkls b gba`r ku`strl trbibhl fâs prlmuatcvl y `ncabz. Db lncackb `k absb `s ukb u kb m`

`stbs cfplrtbkt`s g`rrbfc`ktbs. Alkscmãr`db alfl su ibs` m` lp`rbaclk`s y t`kob  pr`s`kt` qu`, bd coubd coubd qu` pbrb aubdquc`r ltrb lrob lrobkczbacñk kczbacñk qu` tc`k` oo`kt` `kt` `k `d abfpl, db ibs` m` lp`rbaclk`s `s fuy cfplrtbkt`.

Alkscm`r` db lncackb `k absb alfl su ibs` m` lp`rbaclk`s.

Db lncackb `k absb s` `stâ gbac`kml abmb v`z fâs plpudbr5 m` g`agl, db o`kt` gb bmlptbml dl qu` s` alkla` alfl —t`d`alk —t`d`alkfutbr‖. futbr‖. ]`d`alkfutbr `s trbibhbr m`sm` db lncackb `k absb y alfukcabrs` y r`bdczbr batcvcmbm`s m` k`olacls b trbvãs m`d t`dãnlkl, nbx, Qeyp` y alrr`l `d`atrñkcal. ]`d`alkfutbr rbrb v`z v `z alkdd`vb qu` db o`kt` s` trbsdbm` b db lncackb lncackb prckacpbd, `xa`ptl pbrb r`ukclk`s r`ukclk`s `sp`acbd`s `sp`acbd`s,, `ta.. @k `st` abpætudl alkscm`rbr`fls db lncackb `k absb m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs y v`r`fls dl qu` k`a`sctb `xbatbf`kt` y d` ckmcabr`fls bm`fâs fbk`rbs m` flktbr su lncackb. Db lncackb `k absb `s ukb g`rrbfc`ktb `ncabz qu` pu`m` alkscm`rbrs` alfl db dæk`b vctbd pbrb dbs alfukcabaclk`s y batcvcmbm`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs `ktr` `d abfpl y db lncackb prckacpbd.

Lih`tcvls  Dls lih`tcvls scouc`kt`s s` prlplraclkbk pbrb cm`ktcncabr dls r`sudtbmls `sp`rbmls `sp`r bmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. Aubkml nckbdca` `stb s`aacñk m`i`râ plm`r8 2.  M`sarcicr `d tãrfckl ‛t`d`alkfutbr“. ‛t`d`alkfutbr“.   9.  Ckmcabr db klrfb pbrb fbk`hbr tlml `d alrr`l. 1.  M`sarcicr db dcstb m` dls puktls suo`rcmls pbrb `d bragcvbmlr.

A lka`ptl ka`ptlss A dbv`  2.  Db lncackb `k absb prlplraclkb prlplr aclkb ukb ibs` m` lp`rbaclk`s pbrb ar`br iu`kls gâictls. 9.  Db lncackb `k absb p`rfct` bd o`r`kt` alktrciucr bd m`sbrrlddl m` uk bfic`kt` m` bpr`kmczbh` `k `d duobr m` trbibhl.

]`d`alkfutbr `s trbibhbr nu`rb m` db lncackb prckacpbd y alfukcabrs` y r`bdczbr batcvcmbm`s m` k`olacls b trbvãs m`d t`dãnlkl, nbx y alrr`l `d`atrñkcal.

 

9=  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

@d buf`ktl m` db abktcmbm m` m`i`r`s bmfckcstrbtcvls y m` pbp`d`l `xco` qu` `d o`r`kt` s` m`mcqu` abmb v`z fâs b trbibhls m` tcpl bmfckcstrbtcvl. Alfl ku`strb r`alf`kmbacñk `s qu` utcdca` m` ?: b 7:% m` su tc`fpl `k `d abfpl, alk sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs, `stl r`mua` sus m`i`r`s bmfckcstrbtcvls b bprlxcfbmbf`kt` uk mæb `kt`rl plr s`fbkb. Fuagbs alfpbòæbs p`rfct`k b dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs utcdczbr dls vc`rk`s alfl —mæb m` `sarctlrcl‖, mæb qu` dl pbsbrâ

Qu trbibhl alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs d` aldlab hustl `k `d f`mcl m` dbs batcvcmbm`s `ktr` db nu`rzb m` abfpl y db lncackb `k absb.

ækt`orl m`mcabml b prla`mcfc`ktls bmfckcstrbtcvls, plr dl qu` k`a`sctbrâ uk bfic`kt` nlrfbd m` lncackb, sc vb b trbibhbr `ncac`kt`f`kt`. Db lncackb `k absb s` utcdczbrâ tbficãk `k ltrls flf`ktls murbkt` db s`fbkb, pbrb gba`r ddbfbmbs t`d`nñkcabs `k db klag`, `kvcbr alrr`ls `d`atrñkcals, nbx`s y fbk`hbr bsuktls m` s`oucfc`ktl. Qu trbibhl alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs d` aldlab hustl `k `d f`mcl m` dbs batcvcmbm`s `ktr` db nu`rzb m` abfpl y db lncackb `k absb. M` g`agl, `stâ alkstbkt`f`kt` `k alfukcabacñk alfukcabacñk alk uk oorupl rupl bfpdcl y vbrcbml m` p`rslk p`rslkbs. bs. Q` `xco` m` ust`m qu` trbt` alk mcn`r`kt`s m`pbrtbf`ktls m` db lncackb prckacpbd slir` bsp`atls vbrcls. Bm`fâs m` alfukcabrs` y trbtbr alk su s u o`r`kacb m` v`ktbs, t`kmrâ qu` `stbr `k alktbatl labsclkbdf`kt` alk ltrls m`pbrtbf`ktls tbd`s alfl8 f`rabm`l, r`aursls gufbkls y s`rvcacls m` `ktr`kbfc`ktl.

@stâ alkstbkt`f`kt` `k alfukcabacñk alk uk orupl bfpdcl y vbrcbml m` p`rslkbs.

Zu`m` qu` t`kob qu` trbtbr alk bo`kacbs `xt`rkbs qu` `stãk fbk`hbkml prlorbfbs m` prlflacñk `sp`acbd`s pbrb db alfpbòæb y t`kmrâ qu` trbtbr t rbtbr b v`a`s alk abkmcmbtls qu` `stâk iusabkml trbibhl `k db alfpbòæb.

Qus batcvcmbm`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs bmfckcstrbtcvbs mcbrc mcbrcbs bs alkdd`vbk laupbrs` m`d aalrr`l lrr`l y dls f`ksbh`s, bdoukls m` dls aubd`s m`i`râ r`splkm`r ckf`mcbtbf`kt`, fc`ktrbs qu` ltrls plmrâk `sp`rbr. Bdoukls `h`fpdls m` alrr`l mcbrcls qu` m`i`k r`splkm`rs` ckf`mcbtbf`kt` slk8 pr`ouktbs m` dls adc`kt`s, cknlrf`s m` au`ktbs m` obstls m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s, p`tcaclk`s m` db o`r`kacb m` v`ktbs y m` db lncackb prckacpbd. ]bficãk gby ukb iu`kb abktcmbm m` alrr`l alk cknlrfbacñk `stâkmbr qu` k`a`sctb d``r, p`rl kl tc`k` qu` gba`r kbmb bd r`sp`atl5 dãbdb y bragæv`db l `dcfæk`db. Gly `k mæb dd`ob tbficãk ukb abktcmbm abmb v`z fbylr mm`` alrr`l sck ckt`rãs —huke fbcd‖, r`væs`dl râpcmbf`kt` plrqu`, kukab s` sbi`, pu`m` alkt`k`r cknlrfbacñk m` uk dcirl ku`vl slir` o`stcñk m` mcstrctls nbrfbaãutcals y `dcfæk`dl m`spuãs plrqu`, m` kl gba`rdl, s` bflktlkbrâ y alkv`rtcrâ m`spuãs `k ukb pãrmcmb m` tc`fpl.

 

 

DB LNCACKB @K ABQB 90

Pkb iu`kb klrfb b s`oucr alk `d alrr`l `s laupbrs` økcabf`kt` m` uk sldl æt`f b db v`z. ^ãbdl, `sarcib sus alf`ktbrcls alf`ktbrcls slir` ãd y `kvæ`dl l `dc `dcfæk`dl. fæk`dl. Mã s`oucfc`ktll ckf`mcbtbf`kt` b dbs p`tcaclk`s m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs. s`oucfc`kt G`fls gbidbml fuagl slir` `d alrr`l, p`rl db r`bdcmbm `s qu` kl k`a`sctb su lncackb `k absb pbrb r`acicrdl. Dl qu` sæ k`a`sctb `k uk bfic`kt` `n`atcvl `n `atcvl m` lncackb `k absb `s dl scouc`kt`8 uk t`dãnlkl (pr`n`rcid`f`kt` alk ukb dæk`b m` t`dãnlkl / nbx m`mcabmb økcabf`kt` b sus batcvcmbm`s dbilrbd`s, ukb alkt`stbmlrb, uk alfputbmlr alk abpbacmbm pbrb nbx`s y alrr`l `d`atrñkcal, uk `sarctlrcl, ukb dâfpbrb m` `sarctlrcl, uk r`dlh, uk bragcvbmlr (alk flktlk`s m` abrp`tbs pbrb bragcvbr), bra gcvbr), orbkm`s abktcmbm`s m` pbp`d, dâpca`s, kltbs butlbmg`scvbs, adcps y ltrls brtæaudls m` `sarctlrcl. Bdol fâs qu` b fæ `k pbrtcaudbr f` borbmb, `s ukb abrt`d`rb pbrb aldlabr uk fbpb m` tlml `d mcstrctl, alk dls t`rrctlrcls fbrabmls, r`sbdtbmls y kuf`rbmls, y abktcmbm m` tbagu`dbs m` aldlr`s pbrb s`òbdbr db plscacñk m` dls adc`kt`s `sp`acbd`s. Gby ukb ødtcfb alsb qu` k`a`sctb y `s uk `stbkt` f`tâdcal pbrb aldlabr alsbs. Db fbrbvcddb m`d alrr`l `d`atrñkcal gb buf`ktbml `k v`rmbm ku`strb abpbacmbm m` alfukcabacñk,, p`rl tbficãk gb g`agl qu` kls alfukcqu`fls `k m`fbsæb. Gly `k alfukcabacñk mæb kls slrpr`km`fls b klsltrls fcsfls alfukcaâkmlkls ba`rab m` bsuktls qu`, `k `d pbsbml, guicãrbfls plspu`stl m` gbi`r t`kcml qu` `sarcicr ukb kltb l uk nbx. Fbk`h` tlmls dls f`ksbh`s t`d`nñkcals y m` alrr`l `d`atrñkcal `k ibs` b su k`a`scmbm, bscokâkmld`s ukb prclrcmbm y r`splkmcãkmld`s m` bau`rml b su cfplrtbkacb.

 B..  B

Qu mæ b m` tr bibhl `k db lnca nc ac kb `k absb

Qc quc`r` s`r `ncac`kt`, k`a`sctb pdbkcncabr y lrobkczbr ic`k su mæb m` trbibhl `k db lncackb `k absb. Kls r`n`rcfls b `stl `sp`aæncabf`kt` `k `d abpætudl slir` Fbk`hl

Pkb iu`kb klrfb b s`oucr alk `d alrr`l `s laupbrs` økcabf`kt` m` uk sldl æt`f b db v`z.

Db fbrbvcddb m`d alrr`l `d`atrñkcal gb r`bdf`kt` buf`ktbml ku`strb abpbacmbm m` alfukcabacñk, p`rl tbficãk gb g`agl qu` kls alfukcqu`fls `k m`fbsæb.

Kls r`n`rcfls b `stl `sp`aæncabf`kt` `k `d abpætudl slir` Fbk`hl m`d ]c`fpl `k `d qu` m`i`k pr`pbrbr ukb —Dcstb m` alsbs b gba`r‖.

m`d ]c`fpl `k `d qu` m`i` pr`pbrbr ukb —Dcstb m` alsbs b gba`r‖, db aubd s` bpdcab bquæ tbficãk. Zdbkcncqu` su mæb, `stbid`zab lih`tcvls y bsæok`d`s ukb prclrcmbm. Dls æt`fs alkscm`rbmls m` bdtb prclrcmbm slk8 tbr`bs qu` tc`k`k n`agbs `sp`aæncabs m` v`kacfc`ktl, p`tcaclk`s m`d p`rslkbd m` db lncackb l ncackb prckacpbd, p`tcaclk`s m` dls adc`kt`s y db o`r`kacb m` v`ktbs y, kbturbdf`kt`, p`tcaclk`s m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs. @d pbp`d`l rutckbrcl m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m`d qu` m`i` tbficãk laupbrs` sc`fpr` râpcmbf`kt` slk dls p`mcmls, cknlrf`s m` obstls y p`tcaclk`s m` fbt`rcbd bmcaclkbd m` prlflacñk l fu`strbs. Labsclkbdf`kt` t`kmrâ qu` `kvcbr ild`tck`s uro`kt` s`fbkbd`s m` mcstrctl, bsæ qu` gbob m` `ddl ukb bdtb prclrcmbm.

Zdbkcncqu` su mæb, `stbid`zab lih`tcvls y bsæok`d`s prclrcmbm.

 

9>  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Mls æt`fs qu`, bukqu` kl k`a`sctbk `xbfckbrs` uro`kt`f`kt`, m`i` gba`rs` m` fbk`rb r`oudbr y bscokbrd`s uk

Dls æt`fs alfl cknlrf`s s`fbkbd`s m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s, rãsufãs m` dls abkmcmbtls, mlauf`ktls mlauf`ktls adækcals, `ta.., pu`m`k tlmls d`` d``rs` rs` y r`vcsbrs` m`spuãs m` laupbrs` m` dls æt`fs m` bdtb prclrcmbm bkt`s f`kaclkbmls. Mls æt`fs qu` bukqu` kl k`a`sctbk `xbfckbrs` uro`kt`f`kt` m`i` gba`rs` m` fbk`rb r`oudbr y bscokbrd`s uk p`rælml m` tc`fpl alkscm`rbid` slk8 db pdbkcncabacñk m`d trbibhl m` abfpl y dbs

p`rælml m` tc`fpl alkscm`rbid` slk8 db pdbkcncabacñk m`d trbibhl m` abfpl y dbs r`ukclk`s m` mcstrctl.

r`ukclk`s m` mcstrctl.

@xcst`k livcbf`kt` æt`fs m` dls qu` m`i`ræb laupbrs` mcbrcbf`kt`, m` fbk`rb r`oudbr, tbd`s alfl r`vcsbr dbs acnrbs m` v`ktbs.

@k prcf`r k`a`sctb ukbduobr iu`kb obv`tb-bragcvl `k su `sarctlrcl pbrb dl qu` k`a`sctb alks`oucr uro`kt`f`kt`8 cknlrf`s m` v`ktbs m`d t`rrctlrcl, p`tcaclk`s `sp`acbd`s y su r`sp`atcvl s`oucfc`ktl. @d s`oukml brtæaudl m` cfplrtbkacb aruacbd qu` f`kaclkbfls bkt`rclrf`kt` `s uk bragcvbmlr, cm`bdf`kt` alk aubtrl obv`tbs orbkm`s, mlkm` plm`r bragcvbr tlml tcpl m` mlauf`ktls. @fp`zbkml plr brrcib, abmb obv`tb m`i` alkt`k`r dls mlauf`ktls fâs cfplrtbkt`s y fâs usbmls.

@xcst`k livcbf`kt` æt`fs m` dls qu` m`i`ræb laupbrs` mcbrcbf`kt`, m` fbk`rb r`oudbr, tbd`s alfl r`vcsbr dbs acnrbs m` v`ktbs. Db dcstb alktckøb y `s ckar`æid` db abktcmbm m` bsp`atls bmfckcstrbtcvls m` dls qu` s` laupb r`oudbrf`kt` tbd`s alfl  prlorbfbs m` vbabaclk`s vbabaclk`s m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s, r`k r`kmcr mcr au`ktbs m` dbs fu`strbs, `vbdubaclk`s m` m`s`fp`òl, nlrfudbrcls m` lrc`ktbacñk m` abfpl, scfplscls y r`ukclk`s pbrb a`kbr alk adc`kt`s, s`sclk`s m` `ktr`kbfc`ktl y ltrls prly`atls `sp`acbd`s. Zbrb laupbrs` m` tlml `ddl m` fbk`rb `ncabz k`a`sctbrâ uk pbr m` iu`kbs âr`bs m` bragcvl mlkm` oubrmbr mlauf`ktls. @k prcf`r duobr k`a`sctb ukb iu`kb obv`tb-bragcvl `k su `sarctlrcl pbrb dl qu` k`a`sctb alks`oucr uro`kt`f`kt`8 cknlrf`s m` v`ktbs m`d t`rrctlrcl, p`tcaclk`s `sp`acbd`s y su r`sp`atcvl s`oucfc`ktl, `d pdbk m` baacñk m`d acadl batubd, cknlrfbacñk m` rutbs y aubdquc`r prlid`fb m` dls  pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs v`ktbs l f`mcmb mcsacpdck mcsacpdckbrcb brcb qu` r`quc`rb bt`kacñk ckf`mcbtb.  K`a`sctb t`k`r `stls æt`fs æt`fs b db fbkl y plm`r alktbr alk `ddls ckf`mcbtbf`kt`. Bs`oør`s` m` t`k`r ukb orbk obv`tb-bragcvl `k su `sarctlrcl alk abrp`tbs `k dbs qu`  pu`mb oubrmbr tlmbs dbs dbs alsbs cfplrtbkt`s y qu` t`kob bm`fâs dbs abrp`tbs fbrabmbs pbrb plm`r cm`ktcncabrdbs nâacdf`kt`.

I . @ d br agcvb agc vbm mlr m` m` obv`tb v`tbss @d s`oukml brtæaudl m` cfplrtbkacb aruacbd qu` f`kaclkbfls bkt`rclrf`kt` `s uk bragcvbmlr. K`a`sctb t`k` t`k`rr ukl `k su lncackb, cm`bdf`kt cm`bdf`kt`` alk aubtrl obv`tbs orbkm`s mlkm` plm`r bragcvbr tlml tcpl m` mlauf`ktls. D` prlplraclkbr`fls p rlplraclkbr`fls suo`r`kacbs pbrb lrobkczbr su bragcvbmlr y su alkt`kcml. @fp`zbkml plr brrcib, abmb obv`tb m`i` alkt`k`r dls mlauf`ktls fâs cfplrtbkt`s y fâs usbmls. @k db  prcf`rb m`i` oubrmbr plr `h`fpdl `h`fpdl dl qu` k`a`sct k`a`sctbb t`k`r b fbkl alk ac`rtb rbpcm`z, alfl `d pr`supu`stl pr`supu`stl m` obstls, prlorbfbs `s `sp`acbd`s p`acbd`s m` prlflacñk, sus au`ktbs ` cknlrfbacñk slir` adc`kt`s `sp`acbd`s tbd`s alfl

 

 

DB LNCACKB @K ABQB 9?

adc`kt`s ^CZ y dæm`r`s m` lpckcñk. Ltrls mlauf`ktls qu` pu`m`k oubrmbrs` `k db  prcf`rb obv`tb slk dls nlrfudbrcls m` au`ktbs m` ob obstls stls fâs r`ac`kt`s r`ac`kt`s,, dls pdbk`s  prlflaclkbd`s, dbs cm`bs y kltbs m` dbs r`ukclk` r`ukclk`ss m` v`ktbs, db cknlrfbacñk m` `ktr`kbfc`ktl y db alrr`splkm`kacb alf`racbd. Abmb ukl m` `stls æt`fs m`i` t`k`r su prlpcb abrp`tb `k db obv`tb.

Db s`oukmb obv`tb m`i` ckaducr db cknlrfbacñk iâscab slir` tlmls dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s y sus t`rrctlrcls.

Db s`oukmb obv`tb m`i` ckaducr db cknlrfbacñk iâscab slir` tlmls dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s y sus t`rrctlrcls. Ru`rrâ t`k`r ukb abrp`tb pbrb abmb t`rrctlrcl y, bm`fâs, ukb abrp`tb pbrb abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` r `pr`s`ktbkt` m` `s` t`rrctlrcl. @k db abrp`tb m`d t`rrctlrcl t`kmrâ uk fbpb p`qu`òl m`d t`rrctlrcl y ltrls mbtls alfl acnrbs m` v`ktbs, cknlrfbacñk slir` dbs au`ktbs prckacpbd`s, `ta. Db abrp`tb m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` ckaducrâ cknlrfbacñk slir` su m`s`fp`òl y pbutbs pbrb su r`fuk`rbacñk. @st` bragcvl s` utcdczbrâ tbficãk pbrb lrc`ktbacñk m` abfpl ` ckaducrâ `d ødtcfl nlrfudbrcl m` lrc`ktbacñk m` abfpl.

Db abrp`tb m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` ckaducrâ cknlrfbacñk slir` su m`s`fp`òl y pbutbs pbrb su r`fuk`rbacñk.

Db obv`tb scouc`kt` `stbrâ m`mcabmb prckacpbdf`kt` b cknlrfbacñk slir` dls  prlmuatls. @k `ddb `ddb m`i`râ t`k`r abrp`tbs m` abmb ukl m` dls prlmuatls prlmuatls alk nldd`tls nldd`tls m` prlflacñk, f`fls y s`pbrbtbs adækcabs (r`prckts) cfplrtbkt`s pbrb `d prlmuatl. ]bficãk m`s`brâ t`k`r t`k`r ltrb abrp`tb alk cknlrfbac cknlrfbacñk ñk slir` prlmuatls alfp`tctc alfp`tctcvls, vls, ckaduy`kml nldd`tls y s`pbrbtbs qu` `stã usbkml db alfp`t`kacb `k db batubdcmbm.

`stbrâ m`mcabmb b prckacpbdf`kt` cknlrfbacñk slir` dls prlmuatls. @k `ddb m`i`râ t`k`r abrp`tbs m` abmb ukl m` dls prlmuatls.

Db ødtcfb obv`tb `s uk iu`k duobr pbrb oubrmbr æt`fs alfl dls cknlrf`s m` v`ktbs  plr t`rrctlrcl pbrb `d `d bòl y ltrls nlrfudbrcls qu` pu`m`k k`a`sctbrs k`a`sctbrs`. `. ]`kob ukb abrp`tb pbrb abmb t`rrctlrcl alk cknlrf`s m` v`ktbs y ltrb pbrb cknlrf`s m` obstls.

Db ødtcfb obv`tb `s uk iu`k duobr pbrb oubrmbr æt`fs alfl dls cknlrf`s m` v`ktbs

Zu`m` qu` m`s`` utcdczbr db pbrt` m` btrâs m` `stb obv`tb pbrb oubrmbr nlrfudbrcls `k  idbkal alfl8 lrc`ktbacñk lrc`ktbacñk m` abfpl, sldcact sldcactum`s um`s m` `fpd`l, sldcactum`s sldcactum`s m` fu`strbs y fbt`rcbd`s, au`ktbs m` obstls, `ta.

plr bòl t`rrctlrcl y ltrls pbrb `d nlrfudbrcls qu` pu`m`k k`a`sctbrs`.

A.

@ stb stbkt` kt` f`tâ tâdcdcal al pbr b al aldlab dlabrr fbt`r t`r c bd

Bm`fâs m` db obv`tb-bragcvl `k su `sarctlrcl ` sarctlrcl y m`d bragcvbmlr, f` oustb qu` tlml O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs t`kob uk `stbkt` f`tâdcal pbrb aldlabr fbt`rcbd. Qlk `alkñfcals, pu`m`k alfprbrs` `k aubdquc`r pbrt` y slk fuy øtcd`s pbrb aldlabr `xcst`kacbs `xtrb y dct`rbturb slir` db alfpbòæb. ]lmls dls o`r`kt`s m`i`k t`k`r b fbkl ukb iu`kb abktcmbm m` `xcst`kacbs m` dct`rbturb m` prlflacñk y s`pbrbtbs, plr sc bdoukl m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s dbs k`a`sctb alk uro`kacb.

Db obv`tb scouc`kt`

]lmls dls o`r`kt`s m`i`k t`k`r b fbkl ukb iu`kb abktcmbm m` `xcst`kacbs m` dct`rbturb m` prlflacñk y s`pbrbtbs, plr sc bdoukl m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s dls k`a`sctb alk uro`kacb.

 

97  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

M` g`agl, kl s`ræb fbdb cm`b qu` s` `kvcbrb b tlmls dls o`r`kt`s `d fcsfl fbt`rcbd  prlflaclkbd qu` r`aci`k r`aci`k dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v` v`ktbs ktbs `k abmb acadl. @st` `stbkt` `stbkt`  pu`m` `stbr `k db lncackb lncackb m`d o`r`kt` l, sc kl `s plscid` plscid` l kl r`sudtb prâatcal, `k `d sñtbkl l `k `d obrbh`. @stls `stbkt`s fbktc`k`k tbficãk `d fbt`rcbd m` prlflacñk dcfpcl y s`ourl m` mbòls. Zu`m` qu` q u` m`s`` t`k`r uk brfbrcl `k v`z m` m ` uk `stbkt` f`tâdcal, sc quc`r` oubrmbr `k ãd fu`strbs m` prlmuatls. @st` brfbrcl m`i` m `i` `stbr a`rrbml alk ddbv` `k tlml flf`ktl, fl f`ktl, `sp`acbdf`kt `sp`acbdf`kt`` sc gby kkcòls còls p`qu`òls `k db absb. @sp`rl gbybfls plmcml r`sbdtbr bm`aubmbf`kt` db cfplrtbkacb m` db lncackb `k absb y gbi`r prlplraclkbml ukb iu`kb ouæb slir` añfl flktbrdb flktbrdb..

Db lncackb `k absb prlplraclkb ukb dæk`b vctbd pbrb dbs batcvcmbm`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs y dbs alfukcabaclk`s `s`kacbd`s, y p`rfct` —o`stcñk m` prcf`rb dæk`b‖ `k uk bfic`kt`

Y`suf`k Pkb g`rrbfc`ktb fuy cfplrtbkt` pbrb byumbr bd O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs b O`r`kacbr m` fbk`rb fâs `ncabz `s ukb lncackb `k db absb, ic`k flktbmb, qu` p`rfctb b `stls o`r`kt`s tbk laupbmls t`d`alkfutbr. Q` trbtb ãst` m` uk u k pdbkt`bfc`ktl flm`rkl mcrcocml b i`k`ncacbrs` bd fâxcfl m` dbs alfukcabaclk`s y r`bdczbr dbs batcvcmbm`s dbilrbd`s b trbvãs m`d t`dãnlkl, nbx y alrr`l `d`atrñkcal.

bm`aubml. Db lncackb `k db absb prlplraclkb ukb dæk`b vctbd pbrb dbs batcvcmbm`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs y dbs alfukcabaclk`s `s`kacbd`s `ktr` db lncackb prckacpbd y db lncackb `k `d abfpl y p`rfct` p`rfct` —o`stcñk m` prcf`rb dæk`b‖ `k uk bfic`kt` bm`aubml.

 

 

Z r `ouktb uktbs m m`` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2.  @d lih`tcvl prckacpbd m` db t`d`alkfutbacñk `s byumbr bd O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs b8 b. Z`rm`r f`kls tc`fpl fbk`hbkml  i. Y`muacr db nr`au`kacb m` dls vcbh`s vcbh`s b db lncackb `k absb a. M`mcabr fâs tc`fpl bd pbp`d`l y f`kls bd trbibhl m` abfpl m. Y`bdczbr dbs batcvcmbm`s dbilrbd`s `k db lncackb ln cackb `k absb y `d abfpl sck k`a`scmbm m` vcbhbr. 9.  @d plra`ktbh` cm`bd m` tc`fpl qu` s` r`alfc`kmb m`i` m`mcabrs` b tbr`bs bmfckcstrbtcvbss plr s`fbkb `s8 bmfckcstrbtcvb b. 1: plr ac`ktl  i. 9: plr ac`ktl a. 0: plr ac`ktl m. 2: plr ac`ktl 1.  Qc oubrmb fu`strbs `k su lncackb, ln cackb, m`i`râ gba`rdl `k uk brfbrcl alk ddbv`. b. ^`rmbm`rl  i. Nbdsl =.  Db abrp`tb m` bragcvl m` abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` m`i` alkt`k`r dl scouc`kt`8 b. Pk fbpb m` su t`rrctlrcl  i. Acnrbs m` v`ktbs ` cknlrfbacñk cknlrfbacñk slir` dbs au`ktbs prckacpbd`s a. Nlrfudbrcls m` lrc`ktbacñk m` abfpl m. ]lml dl bkt`rclr 0.  @d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m`i` t`k`r `k `xcst`kacb db dct`rbturb y fbt`rcbd`s m`  prlflacñk m`d acadl batubd. batubd. b. ^`rmbm`rl  i. Nbdsl

DB LNCACKB @K ABQB 93

 

1:  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y `sp spu` u`stb stbss b dbs pr pr `ouktbs uktbs m` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2. 

I

9. 

I

1. 

B

=. 

M

0. 

B

 ZDBKCNCABY S LYOBKCXBY

 

12

A  B  BZÆ ZÆ ]PDL ]PD L C C C   ‑   Z DBKCN C AB ABYY S L LYOBKCXB YOBKCXBYY   C . 

Z YLA YLA@@ QL M@ Z DBKCNCABACÑK O @Y@KACBD

b pdbkcncabacñk o`r`kacbd `s uk prla`sl alktckul qu` alkstb m` kuf`rlsls `d`f`ktls8 prlklstcabr, nchbr lih`tcvls, pdbkcncabr db baacñk, flmcncabr `d pdbk, cfpd`f`ktbr, alktrldbr, `stbid`a`r f`mcmbs alrr`atcvbs y dlorbr dls lih`tcvls. ^bfls b v`r abmb ukl m` `stls `d`f`ktls y `xbfckbrdls m`tbddbmbf`kt`.

D

 Fñ  F ñmudl udl m` pdbkcn dbkcncc abac ñk * * * *

Zrlklstcabr dbs v`ktbs @stbid`a`r lih`tcvls Zdbkcncabr db baacñk Alktrldbr

*

Cfpd`f`ktbr `d pdbk

Db pdbkcncabacñk o`r`kacbd `s uk prla`sl alktckul qu` alkstb m` kuf`rlsls `d`f`ktls8 prlklstcabr, nchbr lih`tcvls, pdbkcncabr db baacñk, flmcncabr `d pdbk,

]lmls `stbfls m` bau`rml `k qu` `d f`rabml s` `stâ vldvc`kml fâs alfp`tctcvl y batcvl abmb mæb. @k `stb `rb, alk db bvbdbkagb m` prlmuatls m` bdtb t`akldloæb qu` `d f`rabml `stâ sbabkml bd f`rabml, t`k`fls fbs m`sbnæls qu` kukab, dl qu` gba` qu` db iu`kb pdbkcncabacñk s`b uk prclrcmbm bøk fâs bdtb. Klsltrls y ku`strls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs k`a`sctbfls t`k`r pdbk`s, b alrtl y dbrol pdbzl. Alfl mca` `d r`nrâk8 —pdbkcncab tu trbibhl y trbibhb tu pdbk‖.* pdbk‖.*   * Hu`ol m` pbdbirbs `k ckodãs8 —pdbk ylur wlre bkm wlre ylur pdbk‖.  pdbk‖.  

Lih`tcvls @stls lih`tcvls d` byumbrâk b `knlabr su bt`kacñk gbacb dls r`sudtbmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. M`spuãs m` dd`kbr `stb s`aacñk, plmrâ8 2.  M`sarcicr dls nbatlr`s qu` pu`m`k bn`atbr dbs v`ktbs m` mcstrctl. 9.  M`sarcicr dls arct`rcls pbrb `stbid`a`r lih`tcvls. 1.   Klfirbr s`cs `d`f`ktls qu` qu` nlrfbk pbrt` m`d prla`sl m` pdbkcncabacñk. pdbkcncabacñk.

Alka`ptls adbv` 2.  @d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs s` `kabrob m` dls lih`tcvls m` pdbkcncabacñk y m` dls  pdbk`s m` baacñk pbrb pbrb `d `qucpl. 9.  Db tbr`b fâs cfplrtbkt` m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs`s Zdbkcncabr.

cfpd`f`ktbr, alktrldbr, f`mcmbs alrr`atcvbs y

dlorbr dls lih`tcvls.

 

19  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

 B.. Zr  B Zrl lkl klst stcc abr db dbss ^ `ktb ktbs @k ku`strb lpckcñk, dls f`hlr`s prlkñstcals prlvc`k`k

Q` r`quc`r` m` dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs qu` r`bdca`k ac`rtl tcpl m` m ` prlkñstcals m`

m`d abfpl.

alfpbòæbs. Alk nr`au`kacb `d prlkñstcal s` `kvæb m`sm` brrcib, m`sm` db o`r`kacb, y db nu`rzb m` v`ktbs pbrtcacpb pbrtcacpb fuy plal `k su m`sbrrlddl. m`sbrrlddl. @k ku`strb lpck lpckcñk, cñk, dls

v`ktbs pbrb sus mcstrctls, p`rl db f`mcmb l orbml m`d prlkñstcal vbræb `ktr`

f`hlr`s prlkñstcals prlvc`k`k m`d abfpl y kl m` db ltrb fbk`rb, iâscabf`kt`  plrqu` dls prlkñstcals prlkñstcals prla`m`kt` prla`m`kt`ss m`d abfpl slk fâs r`bdcstbs r`bdcstbs..

Aubkml `fpc`a` b gba`r prlkñstcals k`a`sctbrâ `sarcicr tlmb db cknlrfbacñk qu` pu`mb bn`atbr dbs v`ktbs `k su mcstrctl.

Ckm`p`kmc`kt`f`kt` Ckm`p`kmc`kt`f`k t` m` quã fãtlml pbrb gba`r prlkñstcals utcdca` su alfpbòæb, db f`tlmldloæb r`quc`r` ac`rtbs batcvcmbm`s y prla`sls m` p`ksbfc`ktl pbrb bs`ourbr su `xbatctum. Pkb m` dbs sctubaclk`s fâs arætcabs qu` s` pr`s`ktb `s qu` sc  prlklstcabfls `rrñk`bf`kt` `rrñk`bf`kt` v`ktbs m`fbscbml bd bdtbs tbs l m`fbscbml ibhb ibhbs, s, `ddl dd`vbrâ b nchbr lih`tcvls kl r`bdcstbs, dls aubd`s b su s u v`z abusbk uk cfpbatl k`obtcvl `k db nu`rzb m` v`ktbs. Aubkml `fpc`a` b gba`r prlkñstcals k`a`sctbrâ `sarcicr tlmb db cknlrfbacñk qu`  pumc`rb bn`atbr dbs v`ktbs v`ktbs `k su mcstrctl, pu`s kk`a`sctb `a`sctb alkscm`rbr tlmls ddls ls nbatlr`s qu` pu`m`k bn`atbr mcagbs v`ktbs `k `d mcstrctl.

¼Gb sua`mcml bdol `k su mcstrctl qu` pumc`rb t`k`r uk `n`atl k`obtcvl l plsctcvl `k dbs v`ktbs<

2. D b sct sc tub ubac acñ ñk pldædættc ab ¼Gb sua`mcml bdol `k su mcstrctl qu` pumc`rb t`k`r uk `n`atl k`obtcvl l plsctcvl `k dbs v`ktbs< Zlr `h`fpdl, r`alrt`s l buf`ktls m` m ` dls prlorbfbs nckbkacbmls plr `d olic`rkl.

 9. D b sct sctub ubaac ñk `alkñ kñf fc ab ¼Añfl s` v`râk bn`atbmbs sus v`ktbs plr `stbs f`mcmbs<

¼Añfl `stâ db sctubacñk `alkñfcab y dls pu`stls m` trbibhl `k su mcstrctl< ¼Qlk dbs f`mcmbs m` r`muaacñk alrplrbtcvb uk nbatlr< ¼Añfl s` v`râk sus v`ktbs bn`atbmbs  plr `stbs f`mcmbs< f`mcmbs<

 

 ZDBKCNCABY S LYOBKCXBY

11

I . @ d f`r ab abm ml M`i`ræb trbtbr m` `kuf`rbr tlmls dls nbatlr`s n batlr`s qu` pu`m`k t`k`r uk cfpbatl slir` dls s`of`ktls m` f`rabml `k dls aubd`s alfpct`k sus prlmuatls. ¼Ruã t`km`kacbs m` ar`acfc`ktl y lplrtukcmbm`s m` f`rabm`l `xcst`k< Dbs plidbaclk`s abficbk, db slac`mbm vbræb fuagl. Absbs ku`vbs y orbkm`s pu`m`k suo`rcr kcòls, ltrb lplrtukcmbm m` f`rabml pbrb dls prlmuatls p`mcâtrcals y dls prlmuatls pbrb fuh`r`s `k `mbm m` prlar`br.

@kuf`r` tlmls dls nbatlr`s qu` pu`m`k t`k`r uk cfpbatl slir` dls s`of`ktls m` f`rabml `k dls aubd`s alfpct`k sus prlmuatls.

2. D b alf alfp p`t`kac t`kacb b Db alfp`t`kacb s` vu`dv` abmb v`z fâs bor`scvb, p`rl gby k`olacls suncac`kt`s  pbrb tlml `d fukml. Lis`rv` Lis`rv` quã fãtlmls `stâk utcdczbkml ltrbs alfpbòæbs pbrb  prlflaclkbr sus prlmuatls. ¼Ruã dbkzbfc`k dbkzbfc`ktls tls m` prlmuatls ku` ku`vls vls `stâk  prlorbfbmls y quã cfpbatl cfpbatl t`kmrâk `k ku`st ku`strls rls k`olacls `k `d mcs mcstrctl< trctl< K`a`s K`a`sctb ctb tbficãk lis`rvbr sus `d tbfbòl nu`rzb m` v`ktbs5 alfpbòæ pbòæbs bs `stâk bfpdcbkml nu`rzbsm`m`dbv`ktbs, ¼añfl klsprâatcabf`kt` bn`atbrâ `stl< ` stl  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y`suf`k @s cfplrtbkt` pbrb dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs `kt`km`r m` f`rabm`l8 dls flmls `k qu` dbs alfpbòæbs mcs`òbk, `fpbabk prlflaclkbk y mcstrciuy`k sus prlmuatls. @d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `stâ `kabrobml m` bs`ourbrs` qu` `d `qucpl m` v`ktbs cfpd`f`kt` `d pdbk m` f`rabml m` bau`rml b dbs ckstruaaclk`s. ]bficãk `s cfplrtbkt` qu` `d `qucpl m` v`ktbs utcdca` db cknlrfbacñk `stbmæstcab qu` s` sufckcstrb væb CFQ y _bdsg pbrb byumbrd` b v`km`r fâs `ncabz y s`d`atcvbf`kt`.

 

 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

Z r `ouktb ouktbs m m`` v`r c ncncaabacñk acñk ((A A bpæ tudl C C C ) CKQ]YPAACLK@Q8 Aldlqu` uk aæraudl `k db d`trb alrr`splkmc`kt` b db r`spu`stb alrr`atb pbrb abmb pr`ouktb. 2.  Dls nbatlr`s qu` bn`atbk `d f`rabml f` rabml ckaduy`k tlml dl scouc`kt`, `xa`ptl8 b. F`tbs m` k`olacls m` dls `h`autcvls  i. Abficls `k dbs batctum`s batctum`s slacbd`s a. Zrlmuatls alfp`tctcvls ukb v`z `xpcrbmb db pbt`kt` m. Klrfbs m`d olic`rkl. 9.  Db vcmb m` uk prlmuatl tc`k` aubtrl nbs`s8 cktrlmuaacñk, ar`acfc`ktl, fbmur`z y8 b. M`sa`ksl  i. @xpcrbacñk a. @stbicdcmbm m` dbs obkbkacbs m. Y`vcscñk.

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07  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y `sp spu` u`stb stbss b dbs pr pr `ouktbs uktbs m` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2. 

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9. 

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03

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brb alkla`r r`bdf`kt` dls t`rrctlrcls m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m`i`râ ust`m `stbr

nbfcdcbrczbml alk su o`kt`, mcstrctls y r`ocstrls. ¼Ruã tbktl k`a`sctb sbi`r slir`

dls adc`kt`s y ltrls prln`sclkbd`s m` bt`kacñk sbkctbrcb m` dls t`rrctlrcls m` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s< Fuagl, ckaduy`kml8 *  mñkm` `h`ra`k *  sc tc`k`k vbrcls alksudtlrcls l trbibhbk `k vbrcbs adækcabs *  bncdcbaclk`s b glspctbd`s *  su `sp`acbdcmbm y lrobkczbaclk`s b dbs qu` p`rt`k`a`k *  su p`rncd prln`sclkbd *  alk quã nr`au`kacb m`i` vcsctârs`d`s *  añfl `kabhbk `k su acadl m` ctck`rbrcl m`d t`rrctlrcl *  su gcstlrcbd m` alfprbs. @ddl s` m`i` b qu` q u` ust`m, alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs, k`a`sctb t`k`r uk alklacfc`ktl `xa`paclkbd m` abmb t`rrctlrcl ibhl su alktrld. Q`râ ust`m quc`k s` `kabrou` ` kabrou` m` db ckmuaacñk y `ktr`kbfc`ktl m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s ku`vls pbrb qu` alklzabk y fbk`h`k su t`rrctlrcl m` fbk`rb `ncabz y kl plmrâ gba`rdl sc d` nbdtb ukb alfpr`kscñk tltbd m`d t`rrctlrcl. M`p`kmc`kml m` añfl su alfpbòæb `struatur` db dcstb m` adc`kt`s, s` bscokbrâ uk âr`b b abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs alk ac`rtl køf`rl m` adc`kt`s, glspctbd`s, adækcabs y nbrfbacbs qu` nlrfbrâk uk t`rrctlrcl. Psubdf`kt` `stl dl gbirâ lrobkczbml `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` bkt`rclr m`d t`rrctlrcl bkt`s m` r`adutbr b bdouc`k ku`vl. @d køf`rl m` adc`kt`s bscokbmls b uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` pbrb vcsctbrdls, dl m`t`rfckbrâ `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs l `d O`r`kt` Y`oclkbd. Y`oclkbd. Dls acadls m` pr prlflacñk lflacñk (p`rælml m` tc` tc`fpl fpl `salocml  plr `d orupl m` f`rabm`l) tbficãk tbficãk cknducrâ `k `d køf`rl tlt tltbd bd m` adc`kt`s `k abmb t`rrctlrcl. @d acadl m` prlflacñk dl m`t`rfckb `d `qucpl m` f`rabm`l pbrb lptcfczbr `d alktbatl m` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs alk dls prln`sclkbd`s m` aucmbmls adc`kt`s `k `d t`rrctlrcl. Zbrb fbk`hbr uk t`rrctlrcl `ncac`kt`f`kt`, uk iu`k v`km`mlr m`i`râ alkscm`rbr db o`lorbnæb, dls p`rncd`s m` dls adc`kt`s, db bfpdctum m` dls r`ocstrls qu` s` dd`vbk y `d scst`fb m` pdbkcncabacñk.

Alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs, k`a`sctb ust`m t`k`r uk alklacfc`ktl `xa`paclkbd m` abmb t`rrctlrcl ibhl su alktrld.

 

>:  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Lih`tcvls Dls lih`tcvls scouc`kt`s s` prlplraclkbk pbrb cm`ktcncabr dls r`sudtbmls `sp`rbmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. Aubkml nckbdca` `stb s`aacñk m`i`râ plm`r8 2.  M`sarcicr añfl db lrobkczbacñk lrobkczbacñk y pdbkcnca pdbkcncabacñk bacñk slk m`t`rfckb m`t`rfckbmbs mbs plr dls t`rrctlrcls m` v`ktbs. 9.  @kuf`rbr db cknlrfbacñk qu` m`i` oubrmbrs` `k `d p`rncd m` dls adc`kt`s. 1.  @xpdcabr plr quã dd`vbr r`ocstrls m`tbddbmls `s aruacbd pbrb t`k`r ãxctl `k v`ktbs. =.  @kuf`rbr bdoukls fãtlmls r`alf`kmbmls pbrb pdbkcncabr alk `ncac`kacb.

 B.. O `lorb  B or bnæb næ b Db o`lorbnæb m` abmb t`rrctlrcl t`kmrâ uk `n`atl mcr`atl slir` dbs batcvcmbm`s altcmcbkbs m` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs.

@d tbfbòl m`d t`rrctlrcl pu`m`

M`i` sbi`r quã tbk d`hls tc`k`k qu` vcbhbr

r`qu`rcr vcbhbr, pdbkcncabr.

]bficãk k`a`sctbrâ sbi`r sc tc`k`k qu` vcvcr

abmb mæb pbrb alktbatbr b dls adc`kt`s. d`hls m` sus absbs murbkt` ac`rtl p`rælml m` tc`fpl (mæbs, s`fbkb, `ta.). Dls vcbh`s `k zlkbs rurbd`s pu`m` s`r fâs `xco`kt`s m`icml b dbs dcfctbaclk`s pbrb vcbhbr. Zlr `h`fpdl, t`kmrâk qu` gba`r r`s`rvbaclk`s `k glt`d`s y m` abrrls m` m ` bdqucd`r (sc

ZPK]L ADB^@  Db o`lorbnæb m` uk t`rrctlrcl pu`m` bn`atbr db fbk`rb `k qu` `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs lrobkczb sus vcsctbs mcbrcbs m` v`ktbs5 `d lih`tcvl prckacpbd `s r`muacr `d tc`fpl m` vcbh` bd fækcfl y `d`vbr `d tc`fpl m` v`ktb bd fâxcfl.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\

`s bpdcabid`)5 m`i`râ ust`m `stu `stumcbr mcbr y v`rcncabr dbs rutbs m` vc vcbh` bh` y a`raclrbrs` m` qu` kl gby mæbs n`rcbmls murbkt` dls vcbh`s pdbkcncabmls. @stls slk dls tcpls m` dcfctbaclk`s qu` pu`m`k gba`r qu` vcbhbr `k `sbs zlkbs r`sudt` r `sudt` fâs mcnæacd y r`quc`rb fuagl fâs tc`fpl.

@d t`rrctlrcl m`i`râ `stbr lrobkczbml pbrb qu` `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` t`kob alktbatl fâxcfl alk dls adc`kt`s cfplrtbkt`s.

Bukqu` `d t`rrctlrcl gbyb scml lrobkczbml plr `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` bkt`rclr, pu`m` kl alkv`kcr b db p`rslkb qu` dd`ob m`icml b su duobr m` r`scm`kacb u ltrls fltcvls, plr dl qu` gbirâ qu` gba`r bhust`s. @d lih`tcvl m` db alfpbòæb `s prlplraclkbr prlplr aclkbr uk kcv`d bprlpcbml m` alktbatl y s`rvcacl qu` `stã m` bau`rml alk db adbscncabacñk m`d adc`kt`. Bd `stbid`a`r dbs `strbt`ocbs, dbs alfpbòæbs nbrfbaãutcabs s` alka`ktrbk `k  prcf`r duobr `k dls adc`kt`s adc`kt`s plt`kacbd`s, utcdc utcdczbkml zbkml db `stbmæst `stbmæstcab cab m` qu` 9:% m` dls adc`kt`s prlplraclkb 7:% m`d k`olacl.

 

 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

>2

@k s`oukml duobr, dls adc`kt`s pu`m`k tbficãk s`r cm`ktcncabmls pbrb prlplraclkbrd`s bt`kacñk ^CZ `sp`acbd plr fltcvls pldætcals l prln`sclkbd`s. @k t`ra`r duobr, `stls adc`kt`s m`i`k s`r vcsctbmls tbk nr`au`kt`f`kt` alfl r`sudt` prâatcal. Zlr dl tbktl, db mcsplscacñk o`lorâncab o`lorâncab m` uk t`rrctlrcl pu`m` ckacmcr `k db nr`au`kacb m` dbs vcsctbs b abmb tcpl m` adc`kt`. @d lih`tcvl prckacpbd `k `d absl m` adc`kt`s m` bdtl p`rncd qu` r`a`tbk fâs, `s r`muacr `d tc`fpl m` vcbh` bd fækcfl y `d`vbr db v`ktb abrb b abrb bd fâxcfl.

I . Z `r ncd nc d m`d adc adc``kt` kt`

Ps`k nu`kt`s `xt`rkbs pbrb r`alpcdbr cknlrfbacñk slir` `d p`rncd m` dls fãmcals.

Pk p`rncd s` vb ar`bkml usubdf`kt` murbkt` ac`rtl p`rælml m` tc`fpl, alf`kzbkml alk dls r`ocstrls m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` bkt`rclr, sc `xcst`k y slk `xbatls. Dls r`ocstrls bkt`rclr`s pu`m`k bglrrbrkls uk tc`fpl vbdclsl y byumbr b qu` kls alfukcqu`fls m` fbk`rb `ncabz alk abmb adc`kt`. Db alfp`k`trbacñk,, qu` s` r`nc`r` b brflkæb l alfp`k`trbacñk bnckcmbm, `s cfplrtbkt` pbrb ar`br r`dbaclk`s b dbrol pdbzl alk dls adc`kt`s. Db cknlrfbacñk m`d p`rncd m` dls adc`kt`s s`  pu`m` lit`k`r m` vbrcbs vbrcbs nu`kt`s8 s`rvcacls m` mbtls, aâfbrbs aâfbrbs m` Alf`racl, mcr`atlrcls `sp`acbdczbmls,, ibs`s m` mbtls, ckt`rk`t, `sp`acbdczbmls r`m`s slacbd`s slacbd`s y dbs kltc kltcacbs acbs dlabd`s. @st @stbs bs nu`kt`s t`kmrâk cfplrtbkacb `sp`acbd sc uk adc`kt` `s ku`vl `h`rac`kml `k db zlkb. Y`alpcdbr `d p`rncd m` dls adc`kt`s `s pbrt` ckt`orbd m`d v`km`mlr.

ZPK]L ADB^@  Dls p`rncd`s m` dls adc`kt`s m`i`k ckaducr tcpls m` prlmuatls y ltrls abdcncabmlr`s cfplrtbkt`s.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\

 

>9  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Cknlrfbacñk pbrb `d p`rncd m`d fãmcal.

Dls p`rncd`s m` dls adc`kt`s m`i`k ckaducr8 *  `d tcpl m` prlmuatl qu` v`km`k. *  `d scst`fb pbrb lit`k`r uk adc`kt` *  alk quã mcstrciucmlr`s trbibhbk, m` gba`rdl *  sc `d adc`kt` `stâ `ktr` `d 9:% qu` fâs alfprb l sc tc`k` plt`kacbd pbrb `stbrdl `stbrdl *  *  *  *  * 

Dd`vbr r`ocstrls, yb s`b `d`atrñkcals l `sarctls, `s aruacbd pbrb t`k`r ãxctl.

`d tbfbòl m` su alfpbòæby ltrls ckt`r`s`s prln`sclkbd`s prln `sclkbd`s @d prlmuatl l dæk`b m` prlmuatls fâs utcdczbmls. sc `d adc`kt` `s pr`abvcml l bmlptb prlktl dbs prlpu`stbs ku`vbs sc tc`k` fuy `k au`ktb `d pr`acl quã tbk r`a`ptcvl `s `k aubktl b r`ukclk`s m` alfpbòæbs, r`pr`s`ktbkt`s y fu`strbs *  Gcstlrcb m` pbols y arãmctls *  Auâd `s su `stcdl m` p`r`slkbdc p`r`slkbdcmbm mbm *  cknlrfbacñk p`rslkbd alfl nbfcdcb, pbsbtc`fpls, r`dcocñk r`dcocñk,, adui`s m` dls qu` `s slacl, `ta..

A . D d` d`vvbr r `oc str str ls Dd`vbr r`ocstrls m`tbddbmls slir` su t`rrctlrcl ZPK]L ADB^@  y adc`kt`s `s bisldutbf`kt` aruacbd pbrb s`r Dd`vbr r`ocstrls m`tbddbmls `ncac`kt` `k v`ktbs. Kl `s r`bdcstb bsufcr qu` pu`m` dlorbrs` utcdczbkml kltbs r`alrmbrâ tlmls dls m`tbdd`s `k uk mæb bh`tr`bml. `sarctbs b fbkl l f`mcl M`i`râ m`sbrrlddbr db alstufir` m` alkncbr db `d`atrñkcals. Dls r`ocstrls m` cknlrfbacñk cfplrtbkt` b uk scst`fb m` dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktb m`i`k m`tbddbrs` y oubrmbrs` r`ocstrls, yb s`b `d`atrñkcal l `sarctl. Qus r`oudbrf`kt` pbrb r`muacr db g`rrbfc`ktbs pbrb dd`vbr r`ocstrls s`râk m`

Dls alfputbmlr`s plrtâtcd`s byumbk b fbk`hbr ic`k `d tc`fpl.

ckabdaudbid` vbdlr pbrb ust`m murbkt` dbs vcsctbs prlibicdcmbm ldvcmbr cknlrfbacñkm` vbdclsb. m` v`ktbs, tbktl sc s` dbs gb sufckcstrbml db  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ alfpbòæb alfl sc prlvc`k`k m` nu`kt`s alf`racbd`s5 `d r`ocstrl `d`atrñkcal m` dbs vcsctbs byumb b fbkt`k`r batubdczbmls dls r`ocstrls y b fbk`hbr db cknlrfbacñk. Kbturbdf`kt`, `d prlpñsctl prlpñ sctl bd prlplraclkbr alfputbmlr`s plrtâtcd`s plrtâtcd`s b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt` r`pr`s`ktbkt`ss `s r`muacr `d tc`fpl k`a`sbrcl pbrb dd`vbr dls r`ocstrls y buf`ktbr `d tc`fpl m`mcabml b db v`ktbs, pr`pbrbr y fbkt`k`r dcstbs m` vcsctbs, bhustbr dls p`rncd`s m` dls adc`kt`s pu`s dls gâictls g âictls m` alfprb abficbk, obrbktczbr baa`sl nâacd b db ibs` m` mbtls m` db alfpbòæb y prlplraclkbr uk scst`fb qu` byum` bd r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs b fbk`hbr f`hlr su tc`fpl.

 

 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

>1

M. Zdbkcncabr —Kbmc` pdbkcncab pbrb nbddbr, sckl qu` nbddb `k  pdbkcncabr‖. @st` mcagl `s v`rmbm `k ddll qu` r`sp`atb b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs 8 pdbkcncabr m`i` s`r ukb bdtb prclrcmbm `k db vcmb m` uk r`pr`s`ktbkt`. Qc`fpr` m`i` t`k`r uk pdbk pbrb8 2) db ali`rturb bkubd m` su t`rrctlrcl5 9) su ctck`rbrcl m`d acadl5 1) vcsctbs b adc`kt`s5 y =) fbk`hl m`d tc`fpl. Qc pdbkcncab ic`k plmrâ `d`vbr su prlmuatcvcmbm bd fâxcfl. B alktckubacñk  prlplraclkbfls bdoukbs bdoukbs suo`r`kacbs qu` d`

ZPK]L ADB^@  Db pdbkcncabacñk `ncabz `s uk cfp`rbtcvl pbrb t`k`r ãxctl `k v`ktbs. @ktr` dls flmls pbrb gba`r qu` sus mæbs s`bk fâs prlmuatcvls `stâk8 pdbkcncabr db klag` bkt`rclr, `vctbr glrbs m` trâncal p`sbml y mbrs` tc`fpl suncac`kt` `ktr` actbs.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\

Zdbkcncabr gba` dls mæbs fâs prlmuatcvls.

byumbrâk b gba`r sus mæbs fâs prlmuatcvls. 2.   Kl laupbrs` m` tbr`bs bmfckcstrbtcvbs bmfckcstrbtcvbs aubk aubkml ml s` pu`m` `stbr vcsctbk vcsctbkml ml adc`kt`s adc`kt`s ‑   ‑   gba`r dl prcf`rl aubkml dls adc`kt`s `stâk m`sabksbkml m`sabksbkml ‑   ‑  kl  kl aubkml dbs acruoæbs `stâk `k pd`kb fbragb. 9.  Nckbdczbr su pdbk mcbrcl db klag` bkt`s ‑  bkt`s  ‑  bs`ourbrs`  bs`ourbrs` m` t`k`r uk pdbk m` alktcko`kacb `k absl m` abka`dbaclk`s. 1.  Bvcsbrd`s pbrb qu` `vct`k zlkbs y glrbs m` trâncal p`sbml, sc`fpr` qu` s`b  plscid` ‑   plscid`  ‑  r`au`rm`,  r`au`rm`, fuagls adc`kt`s trbibhbk gbstb tbrm`. =.  Alf`kzbr t`fprbkl ‑  t`fprbkl ‑   gba`r gba`r tbktbs vcsctbs alfl s`b plscid` bkt`s m` dbs 2:8:: b.f. 0.  Flstrbrd`s mlkm` `stbaclkbr `d butl ‑  butl  ‑  trbibh`  trbibh` alk dls `fpd`bmls m` dls `stbaclkbfc`ktls pbrb t`k`r baa`sl nâacd b `spbacls m` `stbaclkbfc`ktl `k vcsctbs nuturbs. >.  Bs`ourbrs` qu` sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s kl gba`k actbs m`fbscbml prñxcfbs `k tc`fpl, `sp`acbdf`kt` sc tc`k`k qu` fbk`hbr. Mbrd`s tc`fpl suncac`kt` pbrb vcbhbr, `stbaclkbr, gba`r uk bkâdcscs pr`vcl pr`vcl b db vcsctb y ukb vcsctb b uk puktl m` v`ktb, m` s`r plscid`. ?.  Gba`r gckabpcã `k t`k`r ukb iu`kb klag` m` m`sabksl bkt`s m` uk mæb m` m ` trbibhl  ‑  k`a`sctbrâk  k`a`sctbrâk mbr dl f`hlr m` sæ fcsfls pbrb `d`vbr sus v`ktbs bd fâxcfl.

Mbtls øtcd`s pbrb buf`ktbr db prlmuatcvcmbm.

 

>=  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y`suf`k Db o`lorbnæb m` uk t`rrctlrcl pu`m` t`k`r uk orbk `n`atl slir` dbs batcvcmbm`s ba tcvcmbm`s mcbrcbs m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs b abrol m`d fcsfl. @d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs m`i` t`k`r pr`s`kt` dbs zlkbs y glrbs m` trâncal p`sbml, dbs mcstbkacbs `ktr` vcsctbs, auâktl tc`fpl k`a`sctb pbrb vcbhbr b trbvãs m` su t`rrctlrcl y auâktl tc`fpl vb b `stbr d`hls m` su absb. @d lih`tcvl prckacpbd `s r`muacr `d tc`fpl m` vcbh` bd fækcfl y `d`vbr `d tc`fpl m` v`ktb bd fâxcfl. Dls p`rncd`s m` dls adc`kt`s s` ar`bk o`k`rbdf`kt` murbkt` uk ac`rtl p`rælml m` tc`fpl. Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m`i`k pr`pbrbr p`rncd`s m`tbddbmls m` dls adc`kt`s pbrb `stcfudbr su alfp`k`trbacñk alk `ddls. @stl `s fuy cfplrtbkt` pbrb `stbid`a`r r`dbaclk`s b dbrol pdbzl alk dls adc`kt`s.

Zr`pbrbr dls p`rncd`s m` dls adc`kt`s `s sldbf`kt` uk `h`fpdl m` dd`vbr dls r`ocstrls qu` tlml r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs m`i` t`k`r. Dd`vbr r`ocstrls byumb bd r`pr`s`ktbkt` b r`alrmbr dls m`tbdd`s m` dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktbs. Dd`vbr r`ocstrls nc`d`s m`d t`rrctlrcl y m` dls adc`kt`s `s aruacbd pbrb v`km`r. Zdbkcncabr `s tbficãk ukb pbrt` fuy cfplrtbkt` m`d pu`stl m` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs. Q` pdbkcncab db ali`rturb bkubd m`d t`rrctlrcl, `d ctck`rbrcl m`d acadl y dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktbs. ]bficãk `s cfplrtbkt` pdbkcncabr `d tc`fpl `ncac`kt`f`kt` `ncac`kt`f`kt`.. Zdbkcncabr byumbrâ b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs b lrobkczbrs` y d`s aldlabrâ bd nr`kt` `k su t`rrctlrcl. Y`au`rm` qu` dbs prcf`rbs cfpr`sclk`s slk usubdf`kt` dbs qu` fâs murbk. m urbk. Aubktl fâs s`pb ba`rab m`d t`rrctlrcl m` abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt`, fâs plmrâ byumbrd`s b m`s`fp`òbr su trbibhl f`hlr, fâs râpcmbf`kt` y m` fbk`rb fâs alkscst`kt`.

 

 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

Z r `ouktb uktbs m m`` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk CKQ]YPAACLK@Q8 Aldlqu` uk aæraudl `k db d`trb alrr`splkmc`kt` b db r`spu`stb alrr`atb pbrb abmb pr`ouktb. 2.  Db cknlrfbacñk cfplrtbkt` pbrb `d p`rncd m` uk adc`kt` ckaduy` tlml dl scouc`kt`, `xa`ptl8 b. ]bfbòl m` su alks alksudtlrcl udtlrcl y sc trbibh trbibhbb alk bdou bdoukb kb adækcab u glspc glspctbd tbd  i. Kcv`d p`rslk p`rslkbd bd m` ckor`sls a. @stcdl m` p`rslkbdcmb p`rslkbdcmbmm y bncaclk`s m. ]cpls m` pbac`k pbac`kt`s t`s qu` v` 9.  Db rbzñk ckf`mcbtb pbrb db pdbkcncabacñk `ncac`kt` `s8 b. @vctbr gba`r vcsctbs m` v`kt v`ktbs bs `k ttc`fpl c`fpl p`rslk p`rslkbd bd  i. Fbkt`k`r r`ocst r`ocstrls rls nc`d`s a. @d`vbr db prlmuatcvcmbm bd fâxcfl m. Dd`obr b dls adc`kt`s bkt bkt`s `s qu` db alfp`t alfp`t`kacb `kacb dl gbob 1.  @d o`r`kt` k`a`sctb t`k`r uk alklacfc`ktl `xa`paclkbd m`d t`rrctlrcl `k tlmls dls bsp`atls scouc`kt`s, `xa`ptl8 b. Db o`lorbnæb m` abmb t`rrctlrcl  i. @d kkøf`rl øf`rl m` adc`k adc`kt`s t`s `k abmb t`r t`rrctlrc rctlrcll a. Dbs bncdcba bncdcbaclk`s clk`s b glspctb glspctbd`s d`s m` abmb t`rrct t`rrctlrcl lrcl m. Dbs adækcabs y gls glspctbd`s pctbd`s alk qu` trbib trbibhb hb abmb ad adc`kt` c`kt` =.  @d prlpñsctl m` dd`vbr r`ocstrls `s8 b.  i. a. m.

]`k`r bd h`n` alkt`ktl Zrlplraclkbr uk sscst`fb cst`fb m` r`n`r`kacb pbrb pdbk pdbkcncabr cncabr dbs vcsctbs Y`ocstrbr m`tbdd`s p`rslkbd`s m` ddls ls adc adc`kt`s `kt`s Kbmb m` dl bkt`rclr

0.  @d p`rncd m`d adc`kt` m`i` ckaducr8 b. Auâd `s su ``stcdl stcdl m` p` p`rslkbdcmbm rslkbdcmbm  i. Zrlmuatls m` su pr` pr`n`r`kacb n`r`kacb a. Qc d` pr`laupb fuagl `d pr`acl m. ]lml dl bkt`rclr bkt`rclr..

>0

 

>>  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y `sp spu` u`stb stbss b dbs pr pr `ouktbs uktbs m` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2. 

B

9. 

A

1. 

M

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I

0. 

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 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

 

>?

C C C . F BK@  B K@ H L M @ D ] C@FZL C @FZL 

@

d fbk`hl m`d tc`fpl `s ukb m` dbs gbicdcmbm`s fâs cfplrtbkt`s qu` uk O` O`r`kt` r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `ncac`kt` pu`m` pls``r. @d tc`fpl s`râ sc`fpr` ukl m` sus r`aursls

fâs `sabsls ` cfplrtbkt`s. Aubktl fâs tc`fpl t`kob pbrb sus batcvcmbm`s, fâs `ncac`kt` s`râ. Z`rl kl gby ukb slduacñk s`kacddb pbrb `d prlid`fb m`d fbk`hl m`d tc`fpl, ckadusl dls o`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs alk orbk `xp`rc`kacb kukab dlorbk r`sldv`r `st` prlid`fb `k su tltbdcmbm. Dl ac`rtl `s qu` dlorbrâ cfplrtbkt`s i`k`ncacls sc pu`m` r`bdczbr fâs

@d tc`fpl s`râ sc`fpr` ukl m` sus r`aursls fâs `sabsl ` cfplrtbkt`.

tbr`bs cfplrtbkt`s abmb mæb. Alktrldbkml `d tc`fpl plmrâ `h`ra`r fâs alktrld slir` dls sua`sls qu` cknduy`k `k su ãxctl. @d tc`fpl `s bdtbf`kt` p`r`a`m`rl y, b mcn`r`kacb m`d mck`rl, kl pu`m` bglrrbrs` kc oubrmbrs` pbrb `d nuturl. Qu usl m`d tc`fpl bn`atb tlml dl qu` gba` alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs .

Lih`tcvls Dls lih`tcvls scouc`kt`s s` prlplraclkbk pbrb cm`ktcncabr dls r`sudtbmls r` sudtbmls `sp`rbmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. Aubkml nckbdca` `stb s`aacñk m`i`râ plm`r8 2.  M`nckcr dls ackal pbsls pbrb fbk`hbr `d tc`fpl `ncac`kt`f`kt` `ncac`kt`f`kt`.. 9.  M`sarcicr `d fãtlml m` bscokbr tc`fpl pbrb dbs vcsctbs m` abfpl. 1.  M`sarcicr dls i`k`ncacls m` fbk`hbr `d tc`fpl `ncac`kt`f`kt`. `n cac`kt`f`kt`.

Alka`ptls adbv` 2.  @d fbk`hl m`d tc`fpl alkscst` scfpd`f`kt` `k r`muacr `d tc`fpl p`rmcml bd fækcfl y `d`vbr `d tc`fpl prlmuatcv prlmuatcvll bd fâxcfl. 9.  @d prcf`r pbsl pbrb fbk`hbr `d tc`fpl `s `kalktrbr mñkm` gby plscicdcmbm pbrb f`hlrbr su usl `d tc`fpl

Qu usl m`d tc`fpl bn`atb tlml dl qu` gba` alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m` Mcstrctl.

 

>7  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@"  Bmcaclkbdf`kt` b dbs kuf`rlsbs batcvcmbm`s m` pdbkcncabacñk Bmcaclkbdf`kt` pdbkcncabacñk,, `d O`r` O`r`kt` kt` m` ^`ktbs m`i` dlorbr gba`r dbs mcv`rsbs tbr`bs qu` s` d` gbk bscokbml alfl pbrt` p brt` m`d alkhuktl m` sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s r`splksbicdcmbm`s..

@d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs

Db fâs cfplrtbkt` m` `stbs tbr`bs `s `d alktbatl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs,

m` Mcstrctl m`i` dlorbr gba`r dbs mcv`rsbs tbr`bs qu` s` d` gbk bscokbml alfl pbrt` m`d alkhuktl m` sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s.

yb s`b `k `d abfpl `k sus t`rrctlrcls l `k r`ukclk`s m` mcstrctl y s`sclk`s m` `ktr`kbfc`ktl. B alktckubacñk s` lnr`a` ukb dcstb tæpcab m` dbs batcvcmbm`s qu` m`i` r`bdczbr uk O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs 8 *  ^csctbs m` abfpl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs *  @ktr`kbfc`ktl m` ku`vls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs *  ]rbibhbr su prlpcl t`rrctlrcl / au`ktbs *  Y`ukclk`s `k db lncackb prckacpbd prckacpbd ‑   ‑  f`rabm`l,  f`rabm`l, fãmcabs, `ta.. *  Y`ukclk`s m` acadls m` prlflacñk *  Bkâdcscs m` cknlrf`s / prla`sbfc`ktl m` cknlrfbacñk *  M`i`r`s bmfckcstrbtcvls bmfckcstrbtcvls ‑   ‑  cknlrf`s  cknlrf`s pbrb db lncackb prckacpbd, pbrb dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs, t`km`kacbs y prlkñstcals m` v`ktbs, `ta..

@d prlid`fb qu` `knr`ktb db fbylræb m` dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs m` Mcstrctl `s añfl dlorbr gba`r tlmbs `stbs batcvcmbm`s `k `d tc`fpl mcsplkcid`.

@d prlid`fb qu` `knr`ktb db fbylræb m` dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs`s añfl dlorbr gba`r tlmbs `stbs batcvcmbm`s `k `d tc`fpl mcsplkcid` mcsplkcid`..

 B.. A c kal  B kal pbsls sls pbr b fbk`h k`h br `d `d tc `fpl `nca nc ac `kt` kt`f`kt` kt` 2)  9)  1)  =) 

@kt`km`r sus r`splksbicdcmbm`s dbilrbd`s Qbi`r añfl `stâ utcdczbkml su tc`fpl `k db batubdcmbm @stbid`a`r alk bkt`dbacñk prclrcmbm`s pbrb abmb acadl M`t`r fckbr fckbr bscokbaclk`s m` tc`fpl —cm`bd`s‖ pbrb abmb r`splksbicdcmbm,  ibsâkmls` `k prclrcmbm`s prclrcmbm`s

0)  ]rbtbr abmb mæb alfl ukb ukcmbm s`pbrbmb alk r`sp`atl b dl scouc`kt`8 *  @stbid`a`r prclrcmbm`s *  Y`alkla`r pãrmcmbs m` tc`fpl plt`kacbd`s *  Zdbkcncabr pbrb lit`k`r r`sudtbmls

@kt`km`r dbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s m` su abrol.

Z bsl 2. @ kt` kt`km` km`rr ddb bs r `splksbi splksbicc dcdcm mbm`s m` su abr abr ol Ckm`p`kmc`kt`f`kt` m` sc ``ss ku`vl l tc`k` `xp`rc`kacb, `s cfplrtbkt` r`vcsbr Ckm`p`kmc`kt`f`kt`  p`rcñmcabf`kt` db m`sarcpacñk m` su abrol y ttlmbs lmbs dbs batcvcmbm`s qu qu`` m`i` r`bdczbr alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs . Qc dl `ktc`km` tltbdf`kt`, plmrâ pdbkcncabr f`hlr y usbr su tc`fpl fâs `ncabzf`kt`. @stl obrbktczbrâ qu` pu`mb fbk`hbr tlmbs sus batcvcmbm`s y r`splksbicdcmbm`s bm`aubmbf`kt`.

 

 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

>3

Z bsl 9. Qbi` bi`r añfl añfl `stâ utc utcdcdczb zbkml kml su tctc``fpl `k db batubdcmbm Dbf`ktbid`f`kt` plals o`r`kt`s dl gba`k ic`k. Zbrb plm`r f`mcr f `mcr `d tc`fpl y bscokbrdl `ncac`kt`f`kt`, kl pu`m` t`k`r `k au`ktb sñdl dbs r`splksbicdc r`splksbicdcmbm`s mbm`s dbilrbd`s ‑  slk dbilrbd`s ‑   slk m`fbscbml bfpdcbs. @d tc`fpl s` usb `k nukacñk m` batcvcmbm`s y, alk nr`au`kacb, s` k`a`sctbk m`fbscbmbs batcvcmbm`s pbrb dd`vbr b abil ic`k ukb r`splksbicdcmbm. M`i`ræb fcrbr gbacb btrâs p`rcñmcabf`kt`, b sus batcvcmbm`s m` db s`fbkb, f`s l acadl bkt`rclr, pbrb v`r añfl gb utcdczbml `d tc`fpl. Gbacãkmldl plmrâ flkctlr`br su usl m`d tc`fpl y gba`r dls bhust`s k`a`sbrcls. Zlr `h`fpdl, ukb r`splksbicdcmbm adbv` `d bdabkzbr dls lih`tcvls m` v`ktbs. Zbrb flkctlr`br `d tc`fpl pbrb `stb r`splksbicdcmbm, r`splksbicdc mbm, v`b dbs batcvcmbm`s `sp`aæncabs, tbd`s alfl vcsctbs m` abfpl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s, bkbdczbr cknlrf`s, pdbkcncabr y r`bdczbr r`ukclk`s m` v`ktbs, `ta.. ]lmbs `stbs batcvcmbm`s alktrciuy`k b `h`autbr db r`splksbicdcmbm.

Z bsl 1. @ stb stbi id`a`r d`a`r alk bkt`dbac kt`dbacñ ñk pr c lr c mbm`s pbr b abmb acadl

Qbi`r añfl `stâ utcdczbkml su tc`fpl `k db batubdcmbm.

@stbid`a`r alk bkt`dbacñk prclrcmbm`s pbrb abmb acadl.

Alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs tc`k` kuf`rlsbs y mcv`rsbs batcvcmbm`s y r`splksbicdcmbm`s qu` m`i` r`bdczbr murbkt` uk ac`rtl p`rælml m` tc`fpl, p`rl tlmbs tc`k`k bscokbaclk`s m` tc`fpl mcn`r`kt`s. Qc kl `ktc`km` `stbs prclrcmbm`s bd alfc`kzl m`d p`rælml, kl t`kmrâ uk fãtlml pbrb f`mcr quã tbk `ncabzf`kt` s` `stâk dd`vbkml b abil. Coubdf`kt` cfplrtbkt` `s bs`ourbrs` qu` `stâ bscokbkml tc`fpl suncac`kt` b dbs tbr`bs cfplrtbkt`s.

 Zbsl =. M`t`rfckbr bscokbaclk`s bscokbaclk`s m` tc`fpl —cm`bd`s‖ —cm`bd`s‖

 pb  p br b abmb r `sp spl lks ksb bic dcmb dcmbm Bscok` `d tc`fpl bprlpcbml pbrb r`bdczbr dbs nukaclk`s y batcvcmbm`s. @d trbibhl m` abfpl tlfbrâ plr dl f`kls f `kls ?:% m` su tc`fpl, pu`s `s db batcvcmbm b atcvcmbm fâs cfplrtbkt` y qu` r`quc`r` fâs tc`fpl. Db fbylr pbrt` m` `st` tc`fpl dl utcdczbrâ lrc`ktbkml, p`rl tbficãk pbrb r`adutbr, s`d`aaclkbr y `ktr`kbr b r`pr`s`ktbkt`s ku`vls, ku`vls, trbibhbr su  prlpcl t`rrctlrcl t`rrctlrcl / au`ktbs (sc dbs tc`k` tc`k`), ), prlibr `k `d abfpl ku`vbs pr`s`ktbaclk`s pr`s`ktbaclk`s y byumbs m` prlpbobkmb, `ta.. @d trbibhl bmfckcstrbtcvl tlfb uk tc`fpl alkscm`rb alkscm`rbid`, id`, bsæ alfl db lrobkczbacñk m`d acadl pr`vcl y dbs r`ukclk`s m` mcstrctl.

M`t`rfckbr bscokbaclk`s m` tc`fpl —cm`bd`s‖ pbrb abmb

r`splksbicdcmbm.

 

?:  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Z bsl 0. ] r btbr btbr abmb abmb mæb mæb alfl alfl ukb ukb ukc ukc mbm mbm s`p s`pbr brbm bmb b @s uk pbsl aruacbd. Kl sñdl m`i` alkscm`rbr db bscokbacñk m`d tc`fpl b dbrol pdbzl,

]rbtbr abmb mæb alfl ukb ukcmbm s`pbrbmb.

sckl tbficãk alka`ktrbrs` `k dbs prclrcmbm`s ckf`mcbtbs, dbs aubd`s `stâk abficbkml alkstbkt`f`kt`. alkstbkt`f`kt`. ]bficãk m`i` r`alkla`r y alktrldbr dbs pãrmcmbs m` tc`fpl ‑  tc`fpl  ‑  ckt`rrupaclk`s,  ckt`rrupaclk`s, m`flrbs, fbdls gâictls dbilrbd`s, prlid`fbs ck`sp`rbmls y fuagls ltrls fâs. Qc pu`m` `dcfckbrdbs l bd f`kls r`muacrdbs bd fækcfl, `stbrâ usbkml su tc`fpl fâs prlmuatcvb prlmuatcvbf`kt`. f`kt`. Bkt`s m` plm`r gba`r aubdquc`r tcpl m` `h`racacl pbrb fbk`hbr `d tc`fpl, k`a`sctbrâ alkla`r `xbatbf`kt` añfl `stâ utcdczbkml su tc`fpl `k db batubdcmbm. Ps` pbrb `ddl

Y`alkla`r y alktrldbr dbs pãrmcmbs m` tc`fpl  ‑  Qc  Qc dbs `dcfckb l plr dl f`kls dbs r`mua` bd fækcfl, `stbrâ utcdczbkml su tc`fpl fâs prlmuatcvbf`kt`.

db Ncourb 2 b alktckubacñk8 (¼Bmñkm` s` vb su tc`fpl. Bkbdczbr l prla`sbr alrr`l m` `ktrbmb rutckbrcl. ?. Y`splkm`r plr t`dãnlkl, f`fl l  p`rslkbdf`kt` dbs dbs pr`ouktbs, qu`hbs l  p`tcaclk`s `sp`acbd`s `sp`acbd`s qu` kl slk rutckbrcbs. rutckbrcbs. 7. 3.

]L]BD@Q

]C@FZL BA]PBD(%)

ZYCLYCMBM

]C@FZL CM@BD(%)

 

 FBK@HL M@D ]@YYC]LYC @YYC]LYCL L S M@ M@D D ]C@FZL

I.

B sc scoo kb kbrr tc` tc`fpl b vcsc vcsctb tbss m` abf abfpl al alkk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs

Db abktcmbm m` tc`fpl qu` bscokb bd trbibhl m` abfpl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs `s ukb m` dbs batcvcmbm`s fâs cfplrtbkt`s m` tlmbs. @xcst`k bdoukls iu`kls  prla`mcfc`ktls  prla`mcfc`kt ls qu` pu`m` usbr alfl ouæb pb pbrb rb bscokbr `st` tc`fpl, dls aubd`s v`r`fls b alktckubacñk. Dl prcf`rl m` tlml s`râ bscokbr db abktcmbm m` tc`fpl qu`  pbsb alk abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` bau`rml b su kcv`d m` aalfp`t`kacb. lfp`t`kacb. Adbscncqu` plr dl

?2

Db abktcmbm m` tc`fpl qu` bscokb bd trbibhl m` abfpl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs `s ukb m` dbs batcvcmbm`s fâs cfplrtbkt`s m` tlmbs.

tbktl prcf`rl b abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` bau`rml b mcagl kcv`d, plr `h`fpdl8 Y`pr`s. —A‖ 6 k`a`sctb bt`kacñk fâxcfb (r`pr`s. ku`vl, alk m`s`fp`òl ibhl, `ta..)  `ta..)   Y`pr`s. —I‖ 6 k`a`sctb bt`kacñk prlf`mcl (iu`kl l prlf`mcl) prlf`mcl)   Y`pr`s. —B‖ 6 k`a`sctb bt`kacñk fækcfb (dls f`hlr`s). f `hlr`s).   Dl qu` m`i` gba`r b alktckubacñk `s m`acmcr auâktl tc`fpl m`i` pbsbr alk abmb ukl

Adbscncqu` prcf`rl b

m` `ddls. Alfl r`odb o`k`rbd, ukb iu`kb suo`r`kacb `s8 * Zbs` mls v`a`s fâs tc`fpl aalk lk `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` A qu` alk `d I.

abmb ukl m` suss`oøk r`pr`s`ktbkt`s su kcv`d m` alfp`t`kacb.

*

Zbs` mls v`a`s fâs tc`fpl aalk lk `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` I qu` alk `d B.

 K`a`sctbrâ pdbkcncabr pdbkcncabr sus lih`tcvls pbr pbrbb abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` y `xpdcabr alfl dls bdabkzbrâ. @k su pdbkcncabacñk k`a`sctbrâ tlfbr `k au`ktb ltrbs batcvcmbm`s tbd`s alfl8 *  ¼Auâktbs r`ukclk`s m`i` r`bdczbr< *  ¼B auâktbs r`ukclk`s m`i` bscstcr<  

* ¼Rucãk tlfbrâ vbabaclk`s murbkt` `d p`rælml< *  ¼Mñkm` `stbrâ trbibhbkml abmb r`pr`s`ktbkt` y auâktl tc`fpl fâs m`il t`k`r `k au`ktb pbrb vcbhbr< *  ¼Auâktl tc`fpl t`kol pbrb nukaclk`s n ukaclk`s bmfckcstrbtcvbs< Zbrb m`flstrbr dl cfplrtbkt` qu` `s pdbkcncabr pbrb `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs alk r`dbacñk bd tc`fpl, b alktckubacñk lnr`a`fls uk `h`racacl usbkml db cknlrfbacñk bprlpcbmb `k uk pbæs `sp`aæncal. Zbrb `st` `h`fpdl `h` fpdl bsufcr`fls vbrcbs alsbs, db  prcf`rb m` `ddbs s`râ qu` `d `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs pbsb plr dl f`kls ?:% m` su su tc`fpl `k `d abfpl alk sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s.

@d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs pbsb plr dl f`kls ?:% m` su tc`fpl `k `d abfpl, alk sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s.

 

?9  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@"   \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\  Køf`rl m` mæbs m` trbibhl trbibhl `k uk bòl (0 x 09) 9>: F`kls8

M`i` bscokbr `d tc`fpl qu` pbsb alk sus r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` bau`rml b dbs k`a`scmbm`s m` ãstls.

Mæbs n`rcbmls ^babaclk`s Y`ukclk`s

2: 20 2:

 Køf`rl m` mæbs r`bdf`kt` r`bdf`kt` trbibhbmls F`kls 1:% m`d tc`fpl pbrb trbibhls m` lncackb

10 990 >?

207 @stl kls m`hb 207 mæbs pbrb trbibhbr alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s byumâkmld`s f`mcbkt` lrc`ktbacñk,, bs`slræb, `ta.. lrc`ktbacñk  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ Alfl f`kaclkbfls `k `d `h`racacl bkt`rclr, m`i` bscokbr `d tc`fpl qu` pbsb p bsb alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` bau`rml b dbs k`a`scmbm`s m` ãstls.

@d trbibhl prckacpbd m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m` Mcstrctl `s `ktr`kbr y lrc`ktbr b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s qu` fâs k`a`sctbk m` su byumb.

M`i`ræb pdbkcncabr pbsbr bprlxcfbmbf`kt` mls v`a`s fâs tc`fpl alk dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s A qu` alk dls I, bd coubd qu` mls v`a`s fâs alk dls I qu` alk dls B. Zlr dl tbktl, pbrb uk p`rælml m` = s`fbkbs (9: mæbs m` trbibhl) t`kmræbfls8 Y`pr`s`ktbkt` —B‖ ‑  9  9 mæbs Y`pr`s`ktbkt` —I‖ ‑  =   = mæbs Y`pr`s`ktbkt` —A‖ ‑  7  7 mæbs 2= mæbs (?:% m` 9: mæbs m` trbibhl). Alfl `d trbibhl prckacpbd m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs`s `ktr`kbr y lrc`ktbr b dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s pbrb o`k`rbr v`ktbs, `s livcl qu` quc`k`s k`a`sctbk fâs byumb m`i`k r`acicr fâs bt`kacñk m` su pbrt`. ]bficãk pu`m` gba`rs` db pr`ouktb, sc dls —B‖ slk tbk iu`kls, ¼plr quã pbsbr bdoøk tc`fpl alk `ddls: >: a. 27:-23: m. 2>:-2?: =.  b. Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt` r`pr`s`ktbkt`ss A k`a`sctbk bt`kacñk fækcfb  i. Dls r`pr`s` r`pr`s`ktbkt`s ktbkt`s I k`a`sctb bt`k bt`kacñk acñk prlf`mcl a. Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s B k`a`sctbk bt`kacñk fækcfb m. ]lmls dls r`pr` r`pr`s`ktbkt`s s`ktbkt`s k`a`sct k`a`sctbk bk bt`kacñk m` bau`rml b sus k`a`s k`a`scmbm`s. cmbm`s.

??

 

?7  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y `sp spu` u`stb stbss b dbs pr pr `ouktbs uktbs m` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2. 

M

9. 

B-^`rmbm`rl, I-^`rmbm`rl, A-^`rmbm`rl

1. 

I

=. 

M

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

 

72

A  B  BZÆ ZÆ ]PDL ]PD L ^   Y @ ADP]BKML ADP]BKML S A LK]YB]BKML L K]YB]BKML  C.

C K]YLMPAACÑK òbmcr l r``fpdbzbr p`rslkbd `s uk `h`racacl fuy f uy alstlsl qu` kl m`i` tlfbrs`

B

b db dco`rb. Kl alktrbtbr b db p`rs p`rslkb lkb alrr`atb pbrb `d pu`stl `s `xtrblrmckbrcb`xtrblrmckbrcb-

f`kt` alstlsl pbrb tlmbs dbs p`rslkbs ckvlduarbmbs, `sp`acbdf`kt` pbrb `d O`r`kt`

Y``fpdbzbr p`rslkbd `s uk `h`racacl alstlsl qu` kl fuy m`i` tlfbrs` b db dco`rb.

m` ^`ktbs , qu` `s quc`k `stâ `stâ r`bdczbkml dbs `ktr`vc `ktr`vcstbs stbs y `d prla`sl m` s`d`aacñk. Pst`m ckcacbrâ `st` prla`sl lrobkczbkml ukb iøsqu`mb pdbkcncabmb.

Qu ãxctl alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `stbrâ m`t`rfckbml fâs plr db abdcmbm m`d p`rslkbd qu` alktrbtb8 —Zu`m` —Zu`m` y dl gbrâ‖, qu` plr prâatcab prâatcabf`kt` f`kt` aubdquc`r ltrb alsb. alsb.   @k `d bfic`kt` odlibd, mckâfcal y sc`fpr` abficbkt` abf icbkt` m` db ãplab `k qu` vcvcfls, kl  pu`m` p`rfctcrs` alf`t`r alf`t`r uk `rrlr `k su `d`aacñk. Qc `stâ m` bau`rml bau`rml `k qu` db m`nckcacñk m` o`stcñk `s —lit`k`r r`sudtbmls r`ktbid`s b trbvãs m` ltrls‖, s`râ f`hlr qu` s` balstufir` b alktrbtbr —p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs v`ktbs alfp`t`k alfp`t`kt`‖. t`‖. Q` gb abdaudbml qu` `d alstl pbrb ukb alfpbòæb m` alktrbtbr y `ktr`kbr uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktb ku`vl murbkt` su prcf`r bòl `k `d trbibhl `stâ `ktr` PQ$90.::: y PQ$3:.:::. PQ$3:.:::. Bòbmb `st` alstl b dbs v`ktbs plt`kacbd`s p`rmcmbs m`icml b db fbdb abdcmbm m` db `d`aacñk y bd  p`rælml m` tc`fpl alk t`rrctlrcls t`rrctlrcls vbabk vbabkt`s, t`s, y plmrâ v`r nâacdf`kt` db k`a k`a`scmbm `scmbm m` alktrbtbr `d p`rslkbd alrr`atl pbrb gba`r `d trbibhl.

@d ãxctl alfl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs `stbrâ m`t`rfckbml plr db abdcmbm m`d p`rslkbd qu` alktrbtb8 —Zu`m` y dl gbrâ‖.

Lih`tcvls Ckaducfls bquæ `stls lih`tcvls pbrb byumbrd` b alka`ktrbrs` `k dls r`sudtbmls `sp`rbmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. 2.  M`sarcib tr`s fbk`rb m` `kalktrbr abkmcmbtls plt`kacbdf`kt` iu`kls. 9.  M`sarcib dl qu` m`i` gba`r y dl qu` kl m`i` gba`r (Ml“s & Mlkt's) bd r`bdczbr ukb `ktr`vcstb. 1.  M`sarcib dbs abrbat`ræstcabs y abpbacmbm qu` m`i` t`k`r `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs. =.  M`nckb dbs ackal pbutbs d`obd`s ckmcabmbs `k `d t`xtl. 0.  M`sarcib dbs pr`ouktbs qu` pu`m` gba`r pbrb alfprlibr dbs r`n`r`kacbs m` dls `fpd`bmls.

Gbob qu` alktrbtbr —p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs alfp`t`kt`‖ s`

alkvc`rtb `k ukb alstufir`.

 

79  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Alka`ptls adbv` @s r`splksbicdcmbm m`d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs alktrbtbr p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs qu`8 2.  Qc tc`k` `xp`rc`kacb, pu`mb m`flstrbr qu` pls`` dls alklacfc`ktls / gbicdcmbm`s y batctum k`a`sbrcbs.

Y`au`rm` qu` `d `ktuscbsfl `s alktboclsl, bd coubd qu` su nbdtb.

9.  Qc kl tc`k` `xp`rc`kacb, pu`mb m`flstrbr qu` pls`` abpbacmbm pbrb bpr`km`r, bpr `km`r, r`t`k`r y utcdczbr dbs gbicdcmbm`s / alklacfc`ktls k`a`sbrcls m` dls prlmuatls y qu` tlml `ddl `stâ bplybml plr ukb batctum f`ktbd f `ktbd plsctcvb plsctcvb.. 1.  Zu`mb alkv`ka`rd` qu` `s `d f`hlr abdcncabml a bdcncabml pbrb plm`r sbtcsnba`r `d kcv`d `xcocml, ` ckadusl sup`rbrdl. =.  Zu`mb bmbptbrs` bd `qucpl y f`hlrbrdl alkvcrtcãkmls` `k uk alktrciuy`kt` al ktrciuy`kt` vbdclsl qu` byumb b lit`k`r r`sudtbmls. 0.  Zu`mb m`flstrbr `ktuscbsfl y alkvcaacñk m` qu` `s uk obkbmlr.

@d fbylr prlid`fb m`d fukml gly `k mæb m æb `s db bpbtæb, ¡p`rl kl plmræb cfplrtbrf` f`kls! Lrco`k m`salklacml

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

71

 B.. Zbsl  B Zbslss pbr b r `adut dutbr y alkt ktrr btbr 2.  Zr`pbrbr ukb m`sarcpacñk bprlpcbmb m`d trbibhl y m` dbs alfp`t`kacbs k`a`sbrcbs,  pu`s `ddl d` prlplraclkbrâ prlplraclkbrâ ukb nu`kt` m` sldc sldcactbkt`s actbkt`s qu` aufpdb dbs `xc `xco`kacbs o`kacbs m`d trbibhl ‑  trbibhl ‑  `sp`acncabr  `sp`acncabr `d abkmcmbtl `k r`dbacñk alk `d trbibhl. 9.  Y`adutbr uk køf`rl alkscm`rbid` m` abkmcmbtls abdcncabmls. 1.  Zr`pbrbr arct`rcls m` s`d`aacñk pbrb `dcfckbr dls sldcactbk sldcactbkt`s t`s kl abdcncabmls m` bau`rml bd bkâdcscs m` sus rãsufãs. b)  @vbdubacñk t`d`nñkcab  i)  @ktr`vcstb p`rslkbd ir`v` a)  Bkâdcscs m` sldcactum`s y rãsufãs. =.  Bkbdczbr dbs sldcactum`s / rãsufãs r`stbkt`s y pdbkcncabr dbs `ktr`vcstbs. 0.  @ktr`vcstbr b dls abkmcmbtls pbrb m`t`rfckbr qucãk aufpd` dbs abdcncabaclk`s m`s`bmbs. >.  Q`d`aaclkbr dls abkmcmbtls qu` `stâk f`hlr abdcncabmls pbrb gba`r `d trbibhl (r`muacr db dcstb b 1 abkmcmbtls prlibid`s) prlibid`s).. ?.  Y`bdczbr ukb s`oukmb `ktr`vcstb balfpbòbml m` ltrb p`rslkb (su h`n`, ltrl O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs, ukb p`rslkb abdcncabmb m` Y`aursls Gufbkls). 7.  Alkv`rsbr ba`rab m` sus alkadusclk`s alkadusclk`s y adbscncab adbscncabrdls rdls alfl 2, 9 ñ 1 `k lrm`k m`  pr`n`r`kacb. 3.  Q`d`aaclkbr bd abkmcmbtl f`hlr abdcncabml. 2:.  Alkncrfbr dbs r`n`r`kacbs pbrb v`rcncabr db cknlrfbacñk sufckcstrbmb bkt`s b kt`s m` gba`r db ln`rtb m` trbibhl. *

@stls pbsls m`i`râk bpdcabrs` ckadusl sc s` utcdczb `d fãtlml —]bro`t Q`d`atclk‖.   Q`d`atclk‖.

—]lfã ukb v`z uk

aursl m` aubtrl bòls slir` p`ksbfc`ktl plsctcvl m`spuãs m` tr`s bòlsykl sbiæb quã gba`r, sc alktckubr l m`hbrdl‖.  Ylkkc` Alri`tt

 

7=  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Z bsl C . Z r `pbr br db m`sarc sar c pacñ acñk m`d abr abr ol O uæ uæb bp pbr brb b ``dd pbp pbp``d qu qu`` m m`s` `s`fp fp`òbk `òbk dls rr`p `prr `s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs `k `d f`rabml  Fuagbs p`rslkbs tc`k`k uk alka`ptl `rrñk`l m` dl qu` `s `d trbibhl m` uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs. v`ktbs. Pk mæb m` trbibhl kl alkscst alkscst`` `k cr dcir`f`kt` m` uk adc`kt` b ltrl, btrby`kml su bt`kacñk pbrb prlflaclkbr uk prlmuatl. @st` trbibhl `s `xco`kt`, ckt`r`sbkt`, ckt`r`sbkt`, vbrcbml y orbtcncabkt`. Alkdd`vb pdbkc pdbkcncabacñk ncabacñk m`tbddbmb, ckcacbtcvb y murl trbibhl. Db s`aacñk scouc`kt` m`sarci` dbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s  iâscabs m`d trbibhl, bsæ bsæ alfl dls btrciutls qu qu`` gba`k m` ukb p`rslkb uk vv`km`mlr `km`mlr slir`sbdc`kt`.

M`sarcpacñk tæpcab m`d trbibhl m` uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` nbrfbaãutcal m` v`ktbs.

 B . Y `pr `s`kt  B. s`ktb bkt kt``s m` v`ktb ktbs m` ^ `ktb ktbs8 M` M `sar sar c pac ñk m`d abrol Dbs m`sarcpaclk`s m` abrol pbrb dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m` v`ktbs vbræbk `ktr` alfpbòæbs. Qck `fibrol, ukb m`sarcpacñk tæpcab qu` pu`m` utcdczbrs` pbrb btrb`r abkmcmbtls s`ræb8 ABYOL8

Y`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs, @sp`acbdcstb `k ^`ktbs, Bslacbml, O`r`kt` m` ]`rrctlrcl, O`r`kt` m` Y`dbacñk, `ta..

Y@ZLY]ÂKMLQ@ BD8 O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs/ O`r`kt` m` Âr`b.

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

70

Y@QZLKQBICDCMBM@Q8 2.  Ar`br y nlf`ktbr bd fâxcfl f âxcfl dbs v`ktbs r`ktbid`s m` dls prlmuatls m` db alfpbòæb qu` pu`mbk rbzlkbid`f`kt` bdabkzbrs` `k `d t`rrctlrcl bscokbml, b trbvãs m` ukb ali`rturb tltbd y bor`scvb m` tlmls dls alktbatls y mcstrciucmlr`s

ZPK]L ADB^@  Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m`i`k `d`vbr bd fâxcfl dbs v`ktbs `k su t`rrctlrcl y prlflaclkbr dls prlmuatls m` db alfpbòæb.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\

9.  Ar`br iu`kb mcsplscacñk `ktr` dls adc`kt`s y obkbrs` su `kt`kmcfc`ktl y ba`ptbacñk m` dls prlmuatls y pldætcabs m` db alfpbòæb. a lfpbòæb. Q` bdabkzbrâ uk m`s`fp`òl sbtcsnbatlrcl aubkml `d vlduf`k tltbd m` v`ktbs m`ktrl m`d

t`rrctlrcl fu`strb uk buf`ktl bkubd `k alkhuktl y aufpd` l `xa`m` dbs f`tbs nchbmbs plr dls O`r`k O`r`kt`s t`s m` ^`k ^`ktbs. tbs. M`i` tbficãk `xcstcr `qucdcircl `ktr` dls prlmuatls p rlmuatls  prlflaclkbmls y mbr ali`rturb ali`rturb r`oudbrf`kt` b tlmls dls adc`kt`s m`d t`rrctlrcl. @d

ZPK]L ADB^@ 

Ãxctl scokcncab bdabkzbr dls lih`tcvls

Q` alkscm`rbk alkscm`rbk qu` dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs tc`k`k ãxctl sc dbs v`ktbs bkubd`s `k su t`rrctlrcl aufpd`k l `xa`m`k dbs f`tbs nchbmbs plr dls o`r`kt`s m` v`ktbs.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\

r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs `s uk k`xl vctbd `ktr` db alfpbòæb y `d adc`kt` qu` trbksfct` db cknlrfbacñk râpcmb y `xbatbf`kt` pbrb r`sldv`r bsæ dls prlid`fbs, abdfbr abd fbr dbs  pr`laupbaclk`s,, byumbr `k db nukacñk m` ckv  pr`laupbaclk`s ckv`stcobacñk `stcobacñk l prlplraclk prlplraclkbr br mbtls m`

@d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs `s `d k`xl `ktr` db alfpbòæb y dls adc`kt`s

f`rabml vbdclsls. Dls ckt`r`s`s m` db alfpbòæb sc`fpr` m`i`k nlf`ktbrs` m`ktrl m`d t`rrctlrcl. ]bktl sc `d adc`kt` `s uk adc`kt` pbrtcaudbr l oui`rkbf`ktbd, dd`vbr r`ocstrls m`tbddbmls slir` abmb adc`kt` `s ukb r`splksbicdcmbm cfplrtbkt`. Dbs r`splksbicdcmbm`s r`splksbicdc mbm`s m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs ckaduy`k `stbr tltbdf`kt` nbfcdcbrczbml alk dbs p`rslkbs adbv` qu` tlfbk m`acsclk`s y sus p`rslkbdcmbm`s, `d gcstlrcbd m` alfprbs, dbs alk`xclk`s prln`sclk`s y alk db alfukcmbm, `d f`hlr flf`ktl f lf`ktl pbrb dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktbs y db r`baacñk m` dls adc`kt`s b pr`s`ktbaclk`s bkt`rclr`s. Dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktbs b abmb adc`kt` m`i`k gbi`r scml tltbdf`kt` pdbkcncabmbs, ukb v`z `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` gbyb alksudtbml alk `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs y m`acmcml ba`rab m` db nr`au`kacb m` dbs vcsctbs y sus lih`tcvls `sp`aæncals.

Q` m`i`k oubrmbr r`ocstrls y kltbs m`tbddbmbs slir` abmb adc`kt`.

Dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktbs s` pdbkcncabk.

 

7>  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Q` k`a`sctbk cknlrf`s y ltrls mlauf`ktls.

Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs s` laupbk tbficãk m` ltrls tcpls m` mlauf`ktls qu` slk coubdf`kt` cfplrtbkt`s, tbd`s alfl8 bo`kmbs m` pdbkcncabacñk s`fbkbd, obstls, nlrfudbrcls m` db alfpbòæb, cknlrf`s slir` `d t`rrctlrcl, p`mcmls m` dls adc`kt`s, qu`hbs, r`spu`stbs y sldcactum`s.

I . B tr trcc iutl iutls m` dls f` f`h lr `s r` r `pr `s`ktb s`ktbkt`s kt`s m` v`ktb v`ktbss

Q` `sp`rbk ac`rtbs aubdcmbm`s p`rslkbd`s.

@d alklacfc`ktl, db gbicdcmbm y db batctum cfpudsbk db Yu`mb m`d Ãxctl.

Q` `sp`rb m` db p`rslkb qu` s` uk` b ukb alfpbòæb nbrfbaãutcab qu` t`kob dbs aubdcmbm`s scouc`kt`s8 scka`rcmbm, `fpbtæb, ckcacbtcvb, glk`stcmbm, ckt`orcmbm, p`rscst`kacb y ukb batctum  plsctcvb gbacb db db alfpbòæb, sus  prlmuatls, sus adc`kt`s adc`kt`s y su nuturl. Alfl s` d` huzobrâ `k dbs âr`bs scouc`kt`s, uk v`km`mlr `xa`d`kt` m`i` slir`sbdcr `k db Yu`mb m`d Ãxctl8 alklacfc`ktl m`d

ZPK]L ADB^@  Dls f`hlr`s r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs slir`sbd`k `k su alklacfc`ktl m`d k`olacl, db ckmustrcb, db alfpbòæb y sus prlmuatls, bsæ alfl `k su gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r. ]lmbs `stbs aubdcmbm`s r`aci`k `d bplyl m` ukb batctum b atctum plsctcvb qu` cfpudsb db Yu`mb m`d

k`olacl, alklacfc`ktl m` db ckmustrcb, Ãxctl.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ alklacfc`ktl `sp`aæncal m` db alfpbòæb, alklacfc`ktl m` sus prlmuatls, gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r y batctum plsctcvb.

D b rru`m u`mb bm m``d ãxc ãxctl tl

Batctum  plsctcvb

Alklacfc`ktl m`d prlmuatl

Alklacfc`ktl m` db ckmustrcb

Alklacfc`ktl m`d k`olacl Gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r Alklacfc`ktl m` Alklacfc`ktl db alfpbòæb

 

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Alklacfc`ktl m`d k`olacl . @stl alkdd`vb uk `kt`kmcfc`ktl o`k`rbd m` db t`rfckldloæb utcdczbmb utcdczbmb `k `d k`olacl alfl plr `h`fpdl, obkbkacbs, nduhl m` abhb, obstls o`k`rbd`s, f`rabm`l, pr`supu`stls y ltrls. Bukqu` fuagbs p`rslkbs lptbk  plr cksarcicrs` cksarcicrs` `k uk aursl nlrfbd, `stls alklac alklacfc`ktls fc`ktls tbficãk pu`m`k pu`m`k bmqucrcrs`

7?

Db t`rfckldloæb m`d k`olacl y `d alklacfc`ktl m`d bfic`kt` m`d adc`kt`.

d`y`kml dls p`rcñmcals fâs cfplrtbkt`s y r`vcstbs `alklfæb y alf`racl. Nbfcdcbrczbrs` alk `d bfic`kt` m` k`olacls m` sus m` adc`kt`s d` p`rfctcrâ b alkv`rtcr abrbat`ræstcabs m`d m`d prlmuatl `k i`k`ncacls `alkñfc `alkñfcals als pbrb `ddls. @stl `s fuy cfplrtbkt` aubkml s` trbtb alk adc`kt`s qu` prlplraclkbk aucmbmls adc`kt`s mcrcocmls. M`i` ust`m t`k`r pr`s`kt` `d pbp`d qu` tc`k`k dls nduhls m` abhb, obkbkacbs y  pr`supu`stls  pr`supu`st ls m`d adc`kt`, `k su ãxctl `k v` v`km`rd`s. km`rd`s.

Alklacfc`ktl m` db ckmustrcb. @xcst` alkscm`rbid` cknlrfbacñk ba`rab m` db `vlduacñk m` `d f`rabml m` dls aucmbmls adc`k adc`kt`s, t`s, m` añfl sus adc`kt`s m`i` m`i`kk bhustbrs` b scst`fbs ku`vls, qu` ødtcfls r`tls m`i` `knr`ktbr su alfpbòæb y añfl dls `stâk `knr`ktbkml dls alfp`tcmlr`s. @d v`km`mlr slir`sbdc`kt` slir`sbdc`kt` m`i` fbkt`k`rs`

@vlduacñk m` db ckmustrcb m` aucmbmls sbkctbrcls y ku`vls r`tls.

bd alrrc`kt` m` dbs t`km`kacbs, `stbmæstcabs, pr`acls, ckv`stcobacñk ` ckklvbaclk`s `k su ckmustrcb, ckaduy`kml dls k`olacls m` dls adc`kt`s, alfp`tcmlr`s y ltrls r`dbaclkbmls.

Alklacfc`ktl m` db alfpbòæb. Db fbylræb m` dbs alfpbòæbs prlplraclkbk `ktr`kbfc`ktl m`tbddbml b dls ku`vls bslacbmls m` v`ktbs, ckaduy`kml tbktl `muabacñk lrc`ktbmb b dls prlmuatls alfl cknlrfbacñk slir` db alfpbòæb  prlpcbf`kt` mcagb. mcagb. @s cfplrtbkt` bpr`km` bpr`km`rr ba`rab m` sus bkt`a`m`kt`s nckbkac`rls y t`akldñocals,, r`putbacñk y `d s`of`ktl m`d f`rabml qu` tc`k`, alfp`tcmlr`s, t`akldñocals `struaturb nlrfbd ` cknlrfbd, pldætcabs, fcscñk y pdbk`s m` m`sbrrlddl. Qc`fpr` qu` r`sudt` bprlpcbml, murbkt` dbs vcsctbs m` v`ktbs m`i`k r`sbdtbrs` dls puktls p uktls nu`rt`s m` db alfpbòæb y su r`putbacñk.

Bkt`a`m`kt`s m` db alfpbòæb, r`putbacñk y fcscñk.

Alklacfc`ktl m`d prlmuatl . Zbrb r`pr`s`ktbr uk prlmuatl alk ãxctl `s k`a`sbrcl alkla`r tlmls dls bsp`atls m`d fcsfl, m`sm` su mcs`òl y m`sbrrlddl m `sbrrlddl gbstb su prla`sl m` nbircabacñk y f`rabm`l. Db alfpbòæb `stâ ckt`r`sbmb `k `ktr`kbr b su nu`rzb m` v`ktbs pbrb qu` alklzab pd`kbf`kt` sus prlmuatls, ckaduy`kml `d usl prâatcal m` scst`fbs y mcsplsctcvls m` `ktr`ob, m` s`r k`a`sbrcl. @s tbficãk cfplrtbkt` `stbr coubdf`kt` ic`k cknlrfbml slir` dls prlmuatls m` dls alfp`tcmlr`s, pbrb plm`r sup`rbr dbs lih`aclk`s m`d adc`kt`.

Alklacfc`ktl tltbd m`d prlmuatl, m`sm` `d mcs`òl b db `ktr`ob.

 

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Gbicdcmbm`s pbrb v`km`r alk `ncac`kacb.

Gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r. ]lmb p`rslkb qu` trbibh` `k v`ktbs m`i` pls``r ac`rtls rbsols m` p`rslkbdcmbm qu` trbksfctbk bd adc`kt` alkncbkzb y alklacfc`ktl. Bmcaclkbdf`kt`, Bmcaclkbdf`kt `, db pr`s`ktbacñk m` v`ktbs m`i` r`nd`hbr, pdbkcncabacñk, lrobkczbacñk y r`sp`atl gbacb `d tc`fpl m`d adc`kt`. Dls pbsls p bsls pbrb dlorbrdl, bd fcsfl tc`fpl qu` s` aufpd`k dls lih`tcvls m` db vcsctb, s` pr`s`ktbrâk `k db s`aacñk tctudbmb Db ^csctb m` ^`ktbs.

Batctum / Baacñk plsctcvbs. Db batctum plsctcvb p`rfct` bd r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs Db batctum plsctcvb alkmua` b db baacñk y bd ãxctl.

o`k`rbr baaclk`s plsctcvbs plsctcvbs ‑   ‑  b  b nck m` au`ktbs, sc db batctum plsctcvb kl `stâ balfpbòbmb m` baacñk plsctcvb, kl s` dlorb kbmb. Zlr `h`fpdl, sc uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs alk ukb batctum plsctcvb kl sbd` b db abdd` b v`km`r, kl t`kmrâ ãxctl. Pkb batctum plsctcvb qu` alkmua` b baaclk`s plsctcvbs `s db nu`rzb prckacpbd qu` cfpudsb db —Yu`mb m`d Ãxctl‖. @d `rrlr fâs alføk bd v` v`km`r km`r prlibid`f`kt` s`b db m`icdcmbm m` batctum y baacñk ‑  baacñk  ‑  db  db nbdtb m` ukb batctum plsctcvb y nu`rt` mb nr`au`kt`f`kt` alfl r`sudtbml v`ktbs m`a`paclkbkt`s. Qc db batctum plsctcvb `s nu`rt` y `xcst` db vlduktbm m` usbrdb, `d prla`sl m` m`sbrrlddbrâ sck trlpc`zls y `k  i`k`ncacl m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` r`pr`s`ktbkt` y db alfpbòæb.

A . A lkmuat kmuatb b pr ln`sc scl lkb kbdd Gby uk vc`hl r`nrâk qu` `s cfplrtbkt` r`alrmbr8 —Kukab s` tc`k` ukb s`oukmb lplrtukcmbm pbrb mbr db prcf`rb cfpr`scñk‖. Zlr dl tbktl, pdbkcncabr ukb

Db prcf`rb cfpr`scñk m`i` r`nd`hbr

 pr`s`ktbacñk m` v`ktbs v`ktbs scokcncab qu` k`a`s k`a`sctb ctb m`mcabrdb `d tc`fpl k`a`sb k`a`sbrcl rcl pbrb

prln`sclkbdcsfl.

qu` su f`ksbh` r`nd`h` prln`sclkbdcsfl, dl aubd r`quc`r` pr`pbrbacñk alkscm`rbid`. Y`au`rm` dbs s`cs Z8 Zrlp`r

Dbs s`cs Z.

Zdbkkcko Zr`v`kts Zbrtcaudbrdy Zllr Z`rnlrfbka` Zrlp`r Zdbkkcko Zr`v`kts Zr`v`kts Zbrtcaudbrdy Zllr Z`rnlrfbka` 6 db pdbkc pdbkcncabacñk ncabacñk bprlpcbmb `vctb uk m`s`fp`òl pbrtcaudbrf`kt` f`mclar`.

 

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Qu prln`sclkbdcsfl m`t`rfckbrâ dl ic`k qu` r`bdczbrâ dbs pr`s`ktbaclk`s m` v`ktbs y auâktl ãxctl t`kmrâ. @k `d pbsbml, `d tãrfckl —prln`sclkbd‖ `rb `qucvbd`kt` b ukb  p`rslkb qu` gbiæb gbiæb bscstcml b db ukcv`rs ukcv`rscmbm cmbm l b uk ckstctutl y gbiæ gbiæbb bmqucrcml uk tætudl `k f`mcackb, m`r`agl, ac`kacbs l `ks`òbkzb5 l ukb p`rslkb b quc`k s` pbobib

Zrln`sclkbd scokcncab alfl s` m`s`fp`òb ukb p`rslkb `k `d

 pbrb huobr uk m`plrt`. m`plrt`. Gly `k mæb usbfls `d tãrfck tãrfckll ZYLN@QCLKBD aubkml kls r`n`rcfls b dl ic`k qu` s` m`s`fp`òb ukb p`rslkb `k `d trbibhl qu` gb `d`ocml, kl b aubd `s `d trbibhl qu` `dcocñ. Zrâatcabf`kt` tlmbs dbs ckmustrcbs `stâk obstbkml fcddlk`s m` mñdbr`s bd bòl pbrb f`hlrbr db cfbo`k prln`sclkbd m` sus `fpd`bmls `k âr`bs tbd`s alfl batctum, `xp`rc`kacb, gbicdcmbm`s, ãtcab, s`rvcacl bd adc`kt`, alklacfc`ktls,, gâictls y mcv`rscmbm `k `d duobr m` trbibhl. alklacfc`ktls

trbibhl `salocml.

B alktckubacñk s` lnr`a` ukb m`sarcpacñk m` dbs aubdcmbm`s cfplrtbkt`s qu` k`a`sctb t`k`r uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs prln`sclkbd y `xct `xctlsl. lsl. Bd nckbd m` `stb ss`aacñk `aacñk `kalktrbrâ ukb `sabdb m` adbscncabacñk pbrb su butl `vbdubacñk.

Aubdcmbm`s m`d ZYLN@QCLKBD8

Z 6 Zrlmuat eklwd`mo`/Alklacfc`ktl m`d prlmuatl . Zbrb `d adc`kt`, `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs m`i` s`r ukb butlrcmbm slir` db alfpbòæb b db qu` r`pr`s`ktb, dls prlmuatls qu` prlflaclkb y tlmls dls alfp`tcmlr`s p`rtck`kt`s. Db fbylræb m` dbs v`a`s `d adc`kt` m`p`km` m`d r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs pbrb lit`k`r bs`slræb tãakcab, cknlrfbacñk m` f`rabml y kltcacbs slir` db ckmustrcb. @stl `s ckadusl fâs cfplrtbkt` bøk `k `d absl m`d adc`kt` m` aucmbmls mcrcocmls. Y 6 Y`slura`nudk`ss/C Y`slura`nudk`ss/Cko`kcl ko`kcl. @d prln`sclk prln`sclkbd bd m`i` bprlv`agbr dls rr`aursls `aursls qu` d`  prlplraclkb db alfpbòæb8 alfpbòæb8 cknlrf`s m` v`k v`ktbs, tbs, r`alf`kmbaclk`s slir` `strbt`ocbs, `strbt`ocbs,

73

Alkla`r `d prlmuatl

Q`r cko`kclsl

mbtls m`d adc`kt`, r`vcstbs prln`sclkbd`s l m` `alklfæb, byumbs m` v`ktbs y r`n`r`kacbs.

L 6 Lpplrtukcsf/Lplrtukcmbm`s Lp plrtukcsf/Lplrtukcmbm`s. @d prln`sclkbd `k v`ktbs v` dbs lih`aclk`s m`d adc`kt` alfl lplrtukcmbm`s pbrb prlplraclkbr cknlrfbacñk y sbabr prlv`agl m` db sctubacñk, bkt`s m` `n`atubr db v`ktb. Bukqu` `kalktrbrâ ac`rtb r`scst`kacb, uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` p`rscst`kt` alktckubrâ vcsctbkml b dls adc`kt`s mcnæacd`s gbstb `stbid`a`r ukb r`dbacñk `xctlsb. N 6 Nbat-nckmcko/Ckmbobr. @d prln`sclkbd kl ba`ptb dls g`agls tbd alfl s` v`k, sckl qu` ckmbob gbstb alfprlibr alfprlibr qu` `stâk bplybmls plr pru`ibs.

Bprlv`agbr dbs lplrtukcmbm`s

Q`r aurclsl ` ckmbobr

 

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Q`r `xp`rtl

]`k`r ukb `strbt`ocb `k v`ktbs

@ 6 @xp`rtcs`/Z`rca @xp`rtcs`/Z`rcacb cb. —@d bncaclkbml prbatcab gbstb qu` dl gba` ic`k y `ktlka`s s` m`tc`k`‖, p`rl `d prln`sclkbd —prbatcab gbstb qu` kukab dl gba` fbd‖. Q 6 Q`ddcko strbt`oy/@strbt` strbt`oy/@strbt`ocb ocb pbrb v`km`r . @d prln`sclkbd s` bs`ourb qu` sus gbicdcmbm`s `k gba`r pr`s`ktbaclk`s s` bnck`k abmb v`z fâs, r`pr`s`ktbkml su pbp`d y bkbdczâkmls` b sæ fcsfl.

Q`r Qcst`fâtcal

Q 6 Qyst`fbtca bpprlbag/Zdbkt`bfc` bpprlbag/Zdbkt`bfc`ktl ktl scst`fâtcal. @d prln`sclkbd tc`k` uk  pdbkt`bfc`ktl pbrb v`km`r v`km`r qu` utcdczb db pdbkc pdbkcncabacñk, ncabacñk, pr`pbrbacñk y `v `vbdubacñk bdubacñk  pbrb lptcfczbr db `ncac`kacb `ncac`kacb y db `n`atcvcmbm.

]lfbr db ckcacbtcvb

C 6 Ckctcbtcv`/C Ckctcbtcv`/Ckcacbtcvb kcacbtcvb. @d prln`sclkbd p rln`sclkbd trbibhb fuy murl pbrb lit`k`r r`sudtbmls, dl aubd pu`m` r`qu`rcr alf`kzbr t`fprbkl y nckbdczbr tbrm`.

Q`r lrobkczbml

L 6 Lrobkczbtclk/Lrobkczba Lrobkczbtclk/Lrobkczbacñk cñk. Bkt`s m` ukb vcsctb m` v`ktbs, `d r`pr`s`ktbkt` qu` `s uk prln`sclkbd `ksbyb, s` lrobkczb y s` bdcstb pbrb fbk`hbr aubdquc`r sctubacñk qu` pu`mb pr`s`ktbrs`.

]`k`r gbicdcmbm pbrb k`olacbr

K 6 K`oltcbtcko Qecdds/Gbicdc Qecdds/Gbicdcmbm mbm pbrb k`olacbr. Gby qu` bmcvckbr, cm`ktcncabr y sbtcsnba`r dbs k`a`scmbm`s m`d adc`kt`. @d prln`sclkbd `k v`ktbs `s b db v`z bilobml m`d adc`kt` y r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` db alfpbòæb, t`kc`kml ãxctl aubkml dlorb i`k`ncacls  pbrb dls mls.

Bdabkzbr dbs f`tbs B 6 Bagc`v`f`kt/Bdabkzbr f`tbs. Db sbtcsnbaacñk qu` d` prlmua` p rlmua` v`km`r y `d m`s`l m` dlorbr r`sudtbmls, slk dls mls alfplk`kt`s m` db batctum plsctcvb qu` cfpudsb db —Yu`mb m`d Ãxctl‖. @d v`km`mlr slir`sbdc`kt` mcsnrutb db alfp`t`kacb y  iusab  ius ab oobkb bkbr. r.

]`k`r p`ksbfc`ktl dbt`rbd

D 6 Dbt`rbd tgckecko/Z`ksbfc`ktl dbt`rbd. @d p`ksbmlr dbt`rbd kl `stâ sbtcsn`agl alk su kcv`d pr`s`kt` m` alklacfc`ktls, plr dl qu` trbtb batcvbf`kt` m` bfpdcbr sus  prla`sls f`ktbd`s d`y`kml, d`y`kml, ly`kml abs`t`s abs`t`s,, `stumcbkml plr su au`kt au`ktb, b, bscstc`kml b s`fckbrcls y pbrtcacpbkml `k r`m`s m` prln`sclkbd`s, tlml `ddl r`dbaclkbml alk su abfpl. ]ñf`s` bglrb uk flf`ktl pbrb abdcncabrs` b sæ fcsfl `k tlmbs dbs aubdcmbm`s a ubdcmbm`s bkt`rclr`s. Bsæok`s` ukb puktubacñk `ktr` 2 (ibhb) y 2: (bdtb).

 

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@ sabdb m m`` butl `vb vbdu dubac bacñk ñk pr prln`sc ln`sclkbd lkbd m m``d r` r `pr pr``s`ktb s`ktbkt` kt` Bsæok`s` ust`m fcsfl ukb puktubacñk8 m` 2 b 2: plr abmb aubdcmbm5 bòbmb m`spuãs tlmls dls puktls pbrb nlrfbr `d tltbd. Ibhl 2 9 1 = 0 > ? 7 3 2: Bdtl

Z

Zrlmuat eklwd`mo` Alklacfc`ktl m`d prlmuatl

Y

Y`slura`nudk`ss Y`aursls l cko`kcl

L

Lpplrtukcsf Bprlv`agbr lplrtukcmbm`s

N

Nbat-nckmcko Ckmbobr

@

@xp`rtcs` Z`rcacb

Q

Q`ddcko strbt`oy @strbt`ocb pbrb v`km`r

C

Ckctcbtcv` Ckcacbtcvb

L

Lrobkczbtclk Lrobkczbacñk

K

K`oltcbtcko secdds

B

Gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r Bagc`v`f`kt Bdabkzbr f`tbs

D

Dbt`rbd tgckecko Z`ksbfc`ktl dbt`rbd ]ltbd8 

Qc su tltbd `stâ `ktr` 3> y 29:, tc`k` ust`m tlmbs dbs aubdcmbm`s m` uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs slir`sbdc`kt`. Qc su puktubacñk `stâ plr m`ibhl m` sc`t` l fâs `k aubdquc`rb m` dls puktls brrcib ckmcabmls, m`i` pr`stbr bt`kacñk b `s` `d`f`ktl m`d prln`sclkbd prln`sclkbdcsfl. csfl.

32

 

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Y`suf`k Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs slk dls `kabrobmls m` ar`br a r`br y nlf`ktbr v`ktbs fâxcfbs m` dls prlmuatls m`ktrl m` uk t`rrctlrcl m`nckcml. ]bficãk m`i`k ar`br  iu`kb mcsplscacñk mcsplscacñk `ktr` dls adc`kt`s y lit`k`r su `kt`kmcfc`kt `kt`kmcfc`ktll y ba`ptbacñk m` dls  prlmuatls y pldætcabs pldætcabs m` db alfpbòæb. Dls ck ckt`r`s`s t`r`s`s m` db alfpbòæb `k `d t`rrctlrcl t`rrctlrcl m`i`k sc`fpr` alkscm`rbrs` y nlf`ktbrs`. n lf`ktbrs`. Dls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs dlorbk trcuknbr aubkml dbs v`ktbs bkubd`s `k su t`rrctlrcl dlorbk bdabkzbr l `xa`m`r dls vldøf`k`s m` v`ktbs prlorbfbmls. @ddl m`p`km` m` dls btrciutls m` mcagls r`pr`s`ktbkt`s, bm`fâs m` su alklacfc`ktl m`d k`olacl, `d f`rabml y dls prlmuatls prlmuatls `sp`aæncals y aalfp`tctcvls lfp`tctcvls m` db alfpbòæb. ]bficãk m`i`k t`k`r gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r y ukb batctum plsctcvb. @d r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs `xctlsl m`i` tbficãk alkmuacrs` alk prln`sclkbdcsfl, dl aubd ckaduy` dbs scouc`kt`s aubdcmbm`s `s`kacbd`s8 alkla`r `d prlmuatl, s`r cko`kclsl, bprlv`agbr dbs lplrtukcmbm`s, t`k`r abpbacmbm pbrb ckmbobr, s`r `xp`rtl, t`k`r `strbt`ocbs pbrb v`km`r, t`k`r uk pdbkt`bfc`ktl scst`fâtcal pbrb v`km`r, s`r mcdco`kt` y lrm`kbml, s`r gâicd pbrb k`olacbr, bdabkzbr dbs f`tbs y t`k`r gbicdcmbm  pbrb p`ksbr dbt`rbdf`kt`. dbt`rbdf`kt`.

Dls bncaclkbmls prbatcabk gbstb qu` dl gba`k ic`k y `ktlka`s s` m`tc`k`k, dls prln`sclkbd`s prbatcabk gbstb qu` kukab dl gba`k fbd.

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

Z r `ouktb uktbs m m`` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk CKQ]YPAACLK@Q8 Aldlqu` uk aæraudl `k db d`trb alrr`splkmc`kt` b db r`spu`stb alrr`atb pbrb abmb pr`ouktb. 2.  Dls O`r`kt`s m` ^`ktbs s` `kabrobk m`8 b.  Y`adutbr y alktrbtbr Y`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` ^`ktbs alk `xp`rc`kacb  i.  Alktrbtbr abkmcmbtls qu` gbk trbibhbml t`rrctlrcls batubdf`kt` vbabkt`s a.  Alktrbtbr r`pr`s`ktbkt`s qu` v`km`k prlmuatls scfcdbr`s alk alfpbòæbs mcn`r`kt`s m.  Q`d`aaclkbr dls abkmcmbtls qu` `stâk f`hlr abdcncabmls pbrb gba`r `d trbibhl 9.  Db m`nckcacñk m` o`stcñk `n`atcvb `s8 b.  Alktrbtbr `d f`hlr p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs `k `d k`olacl pbrb lit`k`r r`sudtbmls  i.  ]`k`r db f`klr rltbacñk plscid` m`d p`rslkbd m` v`ktbs a.  Lit`k`r r`sudtbmls r`ktbid`s b trbvãs m` ltrls m.   Kbmb m` dl bkt`rclr bkt`rclr 1.  @k db `sabdb m` adbscncabacñk ZYLN@QCLKBD ZYLN@QCLKBD,, db Y alrr`splkm` b\\\\\\ y db  K alrr`splkm` b \\\\\\. b.  Y`bdcstb y lrm`kbml  i.  Y`nlrzbmlr y kltbid` a.  Y`dbaclkbd y kbturbd m.  Alk r`aursls y k`olacbkt` =.  Db r`splksbicdcmbm m`d prln`sclkbd m` v`ktbs `s8 b.  @d`vbr bd fâxcfl db mcstrciuacñk m` dls prlmuatls m` db alfpbòæb `k tlml `d t`rrctlrcl.  i.  Aufpdcr l `xa`m`r dbs f`tbs m` v`ktbs `stbid`acmbs plr `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs a.  Aufpdcr db f`tbs p`rslkbd`s m` ckor`sls, aufpdc`kml bsæ dbs f`tbs m` db alfpbòæb. m.  Y``fpdbzbr dls prlmuatls m` dls alfp`tcmlr`s `k dls `stbkt`s m` dls adc`kt`s. 0.  Db Yu`mb m`d Ãxctl alfl r`pr`s`ktbkt r`pr`s`ktbkt`` m` v`ktbs ckaduy` tlml dl scouc`kt`, `xa`ptl8 b.  Batctum bor`scvb  i.  Alklacfc`ktl m`d k`olacl a.  Alklacfc`ktl m`d prlmuatl m.  Gbicdcmbm pbrb v`km`r.

31

 

3=  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Y `sp spu` u`stb stbss b dbs pr pr `ouktbs uktbs m` v`r v`r c nc ab abac acñ ñk 2. 

M

9. 

A

1. 

M

=. 

B

0. 

B

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

Z bsl C C . Y `adutb adutbr ab abkm kmcc mbtls abdc abdcnnc abm abmls CK]YLMPAACÑK Y`adutbr y alktrbtbr abkmcmbtls abdcncabmls kl `s tbr`b nâacd, p`rl pu`m` s`r fuy orbtcncabmlr. Kl alf`tb `d `rrlr m` fuagls o`r`kt`s qu` gbk alktrbtbml dl —f`hlr‖ m` uk puòbml m` fbdls abkmcmbtls plrqu` kl d`s btrbæb db cm`b m` r`p`tcr `st` boltbmlr y prldlkobml `h`racacl. @s f`hlr t`k`r b bdouc`k `k uk t`rrctlrcl qu` t`k`r uk t`rrctlrcl vbabkt` ‑  vbabkt` ‑  m`acscñk  m`acscñk ckalrr`atb.

Lih`tcvls @stls lih`tcvls s` ckaduy`k bquæ pbrb byumbrd` b alka`ktrbrs` `k dls r`sudtbmls `sp`rbmls m`d bpr`kmczbh`. Pkb v`z nckbdczbmb `stb s`aacñk m`i`râ plm`r8 2.  M`sarcicr dbs ackal nu`kt`s m` r`adutbfc`ktl fâs alfuk`s  

9. @kuf`rbr dls tr`s fãtlmls m` s`d`aaclkbr abkmcmbtls 1.  M`sarcicr dls tcpls m` pr`ouktbs qu` m`i`k usbrs` `k dbs `ktr`vcstbs.

Alka`ptls adbv` 2.  Q`d`aaclkbr dls abkmcmbtls qu` `stâk f`hlr abdcncabmls. 9.  Alktrbtbr økcabf`kt` dls abkmcmbtls qu` pu`m`k y qu` gbrâk `d trbibhl.

N u`kt u`kt``s m m`` r `adutbfc adutbfc `ktl8 ktl8 B alktckubacñk s` suoc`r`k vbrcbs nu`kt`s m` r`adutbfc`ktl, dbs aubd`s mcnc`r`k `ktr` âr`bs, p`rl slk dbs fâs alfuk`s b alkscm`rbr.

 B.  B .

A lkt ktb batl atls m` k`ol k`olacl aclss Ptcdczbmls alk mcsar`acñk sus alktbatls m` k`olacls pu`m` s`r ukb iu`kb r`m  pbrb mbr b alkla`r qu` tc`k` tc`k` uk abrol vbabkt`. Db adbv` `s —mcsar`acñk‖. Bdoukls m` sus alktbatls d` r`fctcrâk sñdl abkmcmbtls qu`, `k su lpckcñk, aufpd`k dls r`qucsctls qu` d`s gb ckmcabml. Ltrls biusbrâk m` su bfcstbm y d` `kvcbrâk nbfcdcbr`s l bfcols m` db nbfcdcb  plal abdcncabmls, `sp`rbkml `sp`rbkml pr`sclkbrd pr`sclkbrd`` pbrb qu` dls alktrbt`. Zcãks`dl mls v`a`s bkt`s m` ckvctbr b sus alktbatls dbilrbd`s cknduy`kt`s cknduy`kt`s l adc`kt`s adbv` b qu` d` `kvæ`k abkmcmbtls.

Qc usb alktbatls m` k`olacls, db adbv` `s mcsar`acñk.

30

 

3>  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

I.

Z `r slkb slkbdd m` db al alf fpb pbòæ òæb b Ltrls o`r`kt`s y r`pr`s`ktbkt`s m` v`ktbs m` su alfpbòæb pu`m`k alkla`r  p`rslkbs qu` s`ræbk iu`kls iu`kls r`pr`s`ktbkt r`pr`s`ktbkt`s `s m` v`ktbs. @d p`rslkbd m` ddbb alfpbòæb `s prlibid`f`kt` ukb iu`kb nu`kt` m` r`n`r`kacb ckt`rkb y r`alf`kmbrâ alk nr`au`kacb iu`kls abkmcmbtls.

@s prlibid` qu` `d p`rslkbd m` db alfpbòæb s`b ukb iu`kb nu`kt` ckt`rkb pbrb r`n`rcr abkmcmbtls.

A.

Ln Lncc ac ackbs kbs m` `fpd`l m` dbs ukc ukcv` v`rr scmb sc mbm` m`ss u ltr ltr ls c kstc kstctutl tutlss @stbs pu`m`k s`r iu`kbs nu`kt`s m` r`adutbfc`ktl r`oudbr. @s balks`hbid` fbkt`k`r iu`kbs r`dbaclk`s alk `stbs p`rslkbs sc m`fu`strbk qu` slk øtcd`s.

M.

B kukacl kukaclss adb adbscn scncc ab abm mls8 Pk bkukacl `s ukb iu`kb fbk`rb m` lit`k`r fuagls abkmcmbtls râpcmbf`kt`, p`rl kl m`i` r``fpdbzbr ltrbs nu`kt`s kc usbrs` alfl `d økcal r`aursl. *  Dbs puidcabaclk`s m`d rbfl slk `xa`d`kt`s aubkml s` `stâ iusabkml uk r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs alk `xp`rc`kacb. *  Dls p`rcñmcals slk ukb iu`kb nu`kt` pbrb lit`k`r uk orbk køf`rl m` abkmcmbtls,, p`rl gbirâ qu` s`d`aaclkbrdls fuy ic`k. abkmcmbtls

@.

B o`kac kacb bs m` `fpd` d`l l8 Dbs qu` s` `sp`acbdczbk `k ^@K]BQ l v`ktbs `k o`k`rbd pu`m`k s`r øtcd`s. Bdoukbs slk iu`kbs, p`rl db abdcmbm `s vbrcbid` `k o`k`rbd. Ptcdæa`dbs alk aucmbml.

NCKBDF@K]@, Q@YÂ ^BDCLQL Y@ALYMBY ZBYB PK NP]PYL DBQ NP@K]@Q RP@ ^BSB M@QBYYLDDBKML ZLY QC FCQFL

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

Z bsl C C C . Q` Q`d` d`aa aacc lkbr kbr b dl dlss sl sldcdcac acttbkt kt``s  FÃÃ ]LM  F ]LMLQ LQ M@ Q@ D @ A A C ÑK B. 

@^BDPBACÑK ZLY ]@DÃNLKL

I. 

@K]Y@^CQ]B Z@YQLKBD IY@^@

A. 

BKÂDCQCQ M@ DB QLDCAC]PM S M@D YÃQPFÃ

3?

 

37  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

Z bsl C ^ . Z db dbkc kcncncab abrr db `ktr ktr `vc stb stb ZBP]BQ ZBYB ZDBKCNCABY DB @K]Y@^CQ]B  Klfir` m`d abkmcmbtl abkmcmbtl \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ N`agb m` db `ktr`vcstb \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\ Gba`r qu` s` sc`ktb ic`k \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\

 B.  B . Qco Qcokl klss m` bmv`rt` rt`ka kacc b Pkb iu`kb ouæb m` dl qu` s` gbrâ `k `d nuturl `s dl qu` s` gb g`agl `k `d pbsbml.

(Aubdquc`r s`òbd m` p`dcorl, pr`laupbacñk pr`laupbacñk orbv`, cknlrfbacñk qu` k`a`sctb badbrbrs` fâs y `vbdubrs`)8

*  ¼Abficls nr`au`kt`s m` trbibhl< *  ¼Nbdtb m` prlor`sl, aursl ckalkscst`kt` m` db abrr`rb< *  ¼Nrbabsl r`ac`kt` `k su prlpcl k`olacl< *  ¼Qøp`r abdcncabml l obkbkacbs m`fbscbml bdtbs< *  ¼Zlscid`s prlid`fbs p`rslkbd`s l nckbkac`r n ckbkac`rls< ls< *  ¼Ckalkscst`k ¼Ckalkscst`kacbs, acbs, cknlrfbacñk nnbdtbkt`, bdtbkt`, n`agbs

Zr`ouktbs b gba`r ¼Añfl< ¼Mñkm`< ¼Auâkml< ¼Ruã< ¼Rucãk< ¼Zlr quã<

alkndcatcvbs<

I . @ st stum umcc ls *  ¼Nckbdczñ sus `stumcls<

Zr`ouktbs b gba`r

*  ¼]uvl trbibhls m` v`rbkl prlmuatcvls l

¼Añfl< ¼Mñkm`<

r`dbaclkbmls alk su abrr`rb<

¼Auâkml<

*  ¼@sp`acbdczbaclk ¼@sp`acbdczbaclk`s `s alkscst`kt`s alk su abrr`rb<

¼Ruã<

*  ¼Dlorls y batcvcmbm`s cfplrtbkt`s<

¼Rucãk< ¼Zlr quã<

*  ¼Obstls pbrb `stumcbr pbracbd l tltbdf`kt` obkbmls< *  ¼Kltbs sbtcsnbatlrcbs< *  ¼Ac`kacbs `stumcbmbs<

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

33

A . G c st stl lr c bd m` tr bibh l *  ¼@xp`rc`kacb alfpbtcid` alk `d pu`stl

*

 

m` r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs<

Zr`ouktbs b gba`r

¼Y`dbaclk`s pbsbmbs sbtcsnbatlrcbs alk sus sup`rclr`s<

¼Añfl< ¼Mñkm`< ¼Auâkml<

*  ¼D` abdcncabk sus bòls m` `xp`rc`kacb  pbrb s`r r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs< v`ktbs<

¼Ruã< ¼Rucãk< ¼Zlr quã<

*  ¼Fltcvls ba`ptbid`s pbrb m`hbr su `fpd`l bkt`rclr< *  ¼Y`sudtbmls dlorbmls `k pu`stls bkt`rclr`s<

M . A lkla klacc fc `ktl ktlss y gbi gbicc dcdcm mbm`s *

 

¼D` abdcncab su orbml m` `xp`rc`kacb `k v`ktbs / alk `d pøidcal pbrb s`r r`pr`s`ktbkt` m` v`ktbs<

*  ¼D` abdcncabk sus alklacfc`ktls m` db ckmustrcb /  pbrb s`r Y`p. m` ^`ktbs< *  ]c`k` dls bkt`a`m`kt`s k`a`sbrcls `stumcls u ltrls alklacfc`ktls iâscals

Zr`ouktbs b gba`r ¼Añfl< ¼Mñkm`<

Dbs gbicdcmbm`s pu`m`k `ks`òbrs`, dls alklacfc`ktls pu`m`k bpr`km`rs`.

¼Auâkml< ¼Ruã< ¼Rucãk< ¼Zlr quã<

k`a`sbrcls<

Db fltcvbacñk `s ukb batctum qu` vc`k` m` m`ktrl.

@ . F ltc vb vbac acñ ñk y batc atc tum  

* ¼Gb m`flstrbml ckcacbtcvb y qu` trbibhb murl< *  ¼Abdcmbm m` dbs r`dbaclk`s alk ald`obs, sup`rvcslr`s bkt`rclr`s<

Zr`ouktbs b gba`r ¼Añfl< ¼Mñkm`<

*  ¼Gb flstrbml `fpuh`<

¼Auâkml<

*  ¼Gby ckmcabaclk`s m` qu` `s lrobkczbml y

¼Ruã<

abpbz m` fbk`hbrs` sldl< *  ¼]c`k` m`s`ls bpbr`kt`s m` trcuknbr<

¼Rucãk< ¼Zlr quã<

Qc tc`k` qu` pbsbr, `ktlka`s m`p`km` m` fæ. ]bdilt Qfctg

 

2::  FBK@HL M@ ^@K]BQ @K PK "F@YABML ABFICBK]@" 

G ba`r a`r dls b brr r `odls p pb br b db `ktr `ktr``vc vcstb stb Bkt`s m` r`bdczbr ukb `ktr`vcstb m` r`adutbfc`ktl y alktrbtbacñk gby vbrcbs alsbs qu` m`i`k pr`pbrbrs`8

Qusp`km`r tlmbs dbs ddbfbmbs t`d`nñkcabs.

b)  Q`d`aaclkbr uk duobr bprlpcbml, pr`n`rcid`f`kt` ukb p`qu`òb suct` `k uk glt`d bm`aubml, y susp`km`r tlmbs dbs ddbfbmbs t`d`nñkcabs y aubdquc`r ltrb ckt`rrupacñk qu` s` pr`v`b.

Bpbrtbr uk `spbacl m` tc`fpl suncac`kt`.

 i)  Zrlorbfbr sus actbs m` fbk`rb qu` t`kob t `kob tc`fpl suncac`kt` pbrb abmb `ktr`vcstb y pu`mb ar`br uk bfic`kt` bfcstlsl `k `d qu` `d abkmcmbtl s` r`dbh` y s` sc`ktb añflml. a)  Zbrb bglrrbr bd O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs uk tc`fpl vbdclsl, db prcf`rb `ktr`vcstb

Ptcdczbr `d tc`fpl  hucaclsbf`kt`.

@d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs m` Mcstrctl s` `kabrob m` db s`d`aacñk nckbd.

 pu`m` gba`rs` `k dbs lncackbs lncackbs m` db Bo`kacb m` @fpd`ls l plr ukb ukb p`rslkb abdcncabmb m` Y`aursls Gufbkls. m)  Db s`d`aacñk nckbd m`i` r`bdczbrdb `d O`r`kt` m` ^`ktbs , ukb v`z gbyb t`kcml db lplrtukcmbm m` bkbdczbr dls rãsufãs m` dls abkmcmbtls pbrb m`t`rfckbr sc aufpd`k dls r`qucsctls `k aubktl b `stumcls y `xp`rc`kacb dbilrbd y sc `stâk abdcncabmls pbrb gba`r `d trbibhl.

@dcfckbr b dls abkmcmbtls ckbm`aubmls.

`)  Qc `d rãsufã y dbs sldcactum`s kl aufpd`k dls kcv`d`s `stbid`acmls, m`i`k s`r `dcfckbmls pbrb ltrbs `ktr`vcstbs.

 

 Y @ADP]BKML @ADP]BKML S ALK]YB]BKML

2:2

Z bsl ^ . @ ktr` ktr `vc vcstb stbrr b dls ab abkmc kmcm mbtls tls ZBP]B ZBP ]BQQ ZZBYB BYB Y@ BDC XBY PKB @K]Y@ ^C Q]B @ N C ABX 2.  Qcob `d pdbk qu` gb pr`pbrbml pbrb db `ktr`vcstb

Qcob su pdbk.

9.  Gbob pr`ouktbs bic`rtbs, prckacpbdf`kt` dbs qu` r`quc`r`k fuagbs pbdbirbs pbrb r`splkm`rdbs. @sauag` aucmbmlsbf`kt` dbs r`pu`stbs. Kl gbob pr`ouktbs qu` suoc`rbk dbs r`pu`stbs. Zlr `h`fpdl8 —K`a`sctbfls ukb p`rslkb `k quc`k plm`r

Gbob pr`ouktbs bic`rtbs.

m`p`km`r, alk ckcacbtcvb, qu` trbibh` tlml `d mæb gbac`kml vcsctbs, ¼`s ust`m `s` tcpl m` p`rslkb< 1.  Q`b p`rscst`kt`. Ckscstb ba`rab m` aubdquc`r cknlrfbacñk qu` `d abkmcmbtl gbyb mbml ckalfpd`tb, qu` s`b mumlsb l kl `stã adbrb. M`t`rfck` su scokcncabml utcdczbkml pr`ouktbs bic`rtbs alfl8 —¼Zlr quã `rb mcnæacd