Geomarketing-Sesion 1-Manual

 

 

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XGXJØO >=4 IGAEMV@G\JOI 

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AFDG\JSA Gk afdgtjva lg km prgsgotg sgsjøo gs haoahgr go quê haosjstg gk Igaemr`gtjoi, høea sg mpkjhmo kas XJI mk ejsea y gstmfkghgr kms fmsgs pmrm rgmkjzmr ljhbas moíkjsjs XJI.

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HAO\GOJLA AFDG\JSA ................................................................................................................ 8  HAO\GOJLA............................................................................................................ HAO\GOJLA ............................................................................................................   JOCAVEMHJØO GX^MHJMK ................................................. ....................... .................................................. ............................ ==  JOCAVEMHJØO \MFWKMV............................................................................. =8  XAC\YMVG XJI .............................................................................................. =7  MOMKJX\MX ..................................................................................................... =3  WXWMVJA CJOMK.............................................................................................. =3  GX\MFKGHJGOLA GX\MFKGHJ GOLA KMX FMXGX LGK XJI....................... ............................................... ....................................... ............... =9  HMV\AIVMCÅM FMXG ........................ ................................................. ................................................. ................................... ........... =9  GR\GOXJØO OG\YAV@ MOMKZX\ LG MVHIJX ............................................ 6=   IGOGVMHJØO LG L G WO LM\MXG\ L M\MXG\ LG L G VGL ...................... .............................................. ............................... ....... 8>  LGCJOJHJØO LG ^MVÍEG\VAX ^MVÍEG \VAX ................................................. ......................... ........................................... ................... =7

Gk Igaemr`gtjoi sg hgotrm go km ufjhmhjøo lgk haosuejlar a hkjgotg mk qug sg ljrjigo talas kas gscugrzas haegrhjmkgs lg uom emogrm eís tmejzmlm y arimojzmlm hao gk afdgtjva lg tgogr uom emyar rgotmfjkjlml lg kas ejseas lgfjla m qug gk patgohjmk lgk egrhmla kahmk y km hmpmhjlml lg haeprm lgpgolgo lg kms hmrmhtgråstjhms igalgeairícjhms lgk írgm lg jockugohjm. (Fmvjgrm gt mk., 6>>:)

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‛^grejtg vjsumkjzmr kms gstrmtgijms lg emr`gtjoi y paogr mk lgshufjgrta mqugkkms kahmkjzmhjaogs lg irmo patgohjmkjlml go uo ogiahja― (Hbmsha,

6>>8). Hao gstas haohgptas sg puglg lghjr qug gk Igaemr`gtjoi pgrejtg m uo ogiahja haoahgr løolg gstío sus hkjgotgs, qujêogs sao pasjfkgs haeprmlargs, løolg sg gohugotrmo kms egdargs kahmhjaogs pmrm ufjhmr sglgs, høea lgspkmzmrsg pmrm rgpmrtjr a rghaigr praluhtas, løolg gstí km haepgtgohjm y quê tmota mcghtm, m qujêogs sg lgfg mkhmozmr hao km acgrtm. \ala gsta egljmotg gk usa lg uom vmrjmfkg qug gk Emr`gtjoi trmljhjaomk oa haosjlgrm4 km vmrjmfkg gspmhjmk. Gkkm pgrejtg taemr lghjsjaogs eís mhgrtmlms, eís cuolmegotmlms y eís rgotmfkgs pmrm gk ogiahja.

XJI M^KJHMLA MK IGAEMV@G\JOI Kas XJI a Xjstgems lg Jocaremhjøo Igairícjhm sao uom jotgirmhjøo arimojzmlm lg Bmrlwmrg, Xactwmrg y lmtas igairícjhas qug pgrejtgo rgmkjzmr kms sjiujgotgs sjiujgotgs apgrmhjaogs4

  Igstjøo lg lmtas gspmhjmkgs (kghturm, gljhjøo, mkemhgomejgota).

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  Moíkjsjs lg lmtas gspmhjmkgs (haosuktms, (haosuktms, ealgkas).

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  Igogrmhjøo lg rgsuktmlas (empms, jocaregs, irícjhas, gth.).

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Gsta pgrejtg qug kas XJI sgmo utjkjzmlas pmrm mpartmr go gk Emr`gtjoi rgmkjzmola moíkjsjs hao kas lmtas mlghumlas0 ym qug gk igaemr`gtjoi

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mfarlm ljcgrgotgs hugstjaogs rgkmhjaomlms hao km taem lg lghjsjaogs, tmota gstrmtêijhms haea apgrmtjvms, qug sg hmrmhtgrjzmo par haosjlgrmr km vmrjmfkg igairícjhm, rghurrjgola m fmsgs lg lmtas y Xjstgems lg Jocaremhjøo Igairícjhm, Igairícjhm, kms humkgs pgrejtgo gk prahgsmejgota, moíkjsjs y rgprgsgotmhjøo pmrm sgr utjkjzmlas haea fmsg go gk ljsgýa lg mhhjaogs lg emr`gtjoi. Kms prjohjpmkgs mpkjhmhjaogs lgk igaemr`gtjoi, tgojgola prgsgotg go tala eaegota qug gstío kjimlms mk usa lg kas Xjstgems lg Jocaremhjøo Igairícjhm, sao4   Lgtgrejomr kms írgms lg jockugohjm y hafgrturm igairícjhm lg kas

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puotas lg vgotm, acjhjoms a tjgolms lg km geprgsm.   Haoahgr mqugkkms írgms lg hmojfmkjzmhjøo gotrg acjhjoms a puotas

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lg vgotm.   Jlgotjcjhmr zaoms oa hufjgrtms par km rgl hao egrhmla patgohjmk

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pmrm cuturas pkmogs lg gxpmosjøo.   \aemr lghjsjaogs lg hjgrrg a rgarimojzmhjøo lg km k m rgl lg puotas lg

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vgotm.   Haoahgr løolg sg kahmkjzmo kas hkjgotgs y løolg gstío kas

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patgohjmkgs haosuejlargs. haosuejlargs.   Haoahgr joljhmlargs joljhmlargs lg kkas as hkjgotgs haea crghugohjm lg haeprm,

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haeprm egljm, gth. go uo tgrrjtarja lgtgrejomla.   Haoahgr km huatm lg egrhmla lg km geprgsm go uo tgrrjtarja.

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  Aptjejzmr kms rutms lg vgotm a lg ljstrjfuhjøo.

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  Aptjejzmr kms mhhjaogs lg emr`gtjoi ljrghta y kms mhhjaogs lg

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\rmlg emr`gtjoi.

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Cjiurm O¾ 8. Lmtas y prahgsas go gk Igaemr`gtjoi. Cugotg4 Fkai lg ^rmxjs-Harp, 6>==

HAE^AOGO\GX ^mrm rgmkjzmr kas moíkjsjs gspmhjmkgs pmrm Igaemr`gtjoi gs oghgsmrja haotmr hao uom sgrjg lg haepaogotgs, kas humkgs vmo lgslg lmtas bmstm pgrsaoms qug sg jovakuhrmo go kas prahgsas. M haotjoumhjøo, sg vgrío huíkgs sao kas haepaogotgs qug sao oghgsmrjas pmrm palgr rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs lgo Igaemr`gtjoi.

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JOCAVEMHJØO GX^MHJMK Gk prjegr haepaogotg gs gk gspmhjmk.

Gstg

gs

euy

jepartmotg, ym qug lg mquå pmrtjrí humkqujgr moíkjsjs qug

sg

lgsgm

bmhgr

haosjlgrmola haosjlgrmo la km ufjhmhjøo0 haea, par gdgepka, rgmkjzmr rutms øptjems pmrm trmskmla a rghada lg praluhtas, Cjiurm O¾ =2

ufjhmr sglgs go gk gspmhja,

gth. M gstm jocaremhjøo gspmhjmk sg km kkmemrí hmpms, gstms gstío haocaremlms par gotjlmlgs (cmhtar gspmhjmk qug atarim su ufjhmhjøo) y mtrjfutas (jocaremhjøo tmfukmr mkemhgomlm go hmepas). Xgiôo kas rghursas lg GXVJ4 Kms gotjlmlgs igairícjhms sao rgprgsgotmhjaogs lg hasms ufjhmlms go km supgrcjhjg lg km \jgrrm a hgrhmoms m gkkm. Kms gotjlmlgs igairícjhms puglgo ahurrjr lg carem omturmk (par gdgepka, råas y vgigtmhjøo) y puglgo sgr haostruhhjaogs (haea hmrrgtgrms, hmomkjzmhjaogs, pazas y gljcjhjas) a sufljvjsjaogs lg tjgrrm (haea haolmlas, ljvjsjaogs pakåtjhms y pmrhgkms lg tgrrgoa). Muoqug gxjstgo ljvgrsas tjpas lg gotjlmlgs mljhjaomkgs, kms gotjlmlgs igairícjhms sg rgprgsgotmo eís haeôoegotg haea puotas, kåogms a pakåiaoas… kas mtrjfutas lgshrjptjvas sg mlejojstrmo go tmfkms, qug sg fmsmo go uom sgrjg lg haohgptas lg fmsg lg lmtas rgkmhjaomk gsgohjmkgs. (GXVJ)

\gojgola gsta go hugotm, gs rghaegolm rghaegolmfkg fkg pmrm gk moíkjsjs XJI mpkjhmla mk Igaemr`gtjoi uom hmrtairmcåm fmsg, km humk gstmrí haepugstm par kms sjiujgotgs hmpms4

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  Gdgs vjmkgs4 Gotjlml lg tjpa kåogm k åogm qug mkemhgom jocaremhjøo jocaremhjøo haea

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gk oaefrg lg kms våms, tjpa lg kms våms, oôegra lg humlrm, rmoia lg pugrtm, sgotjla vgbjhukmr, lgsojvgkgs, vgkahjlmlgs praeglja, gth.   Emozmoms4 Gotjlml lg tjpa pakjiaomk qug mkemhgom jocaremhjøo

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lg oaefrg euojhjpmk, høljia lgk hgosa, írgms vgrlgs, gth.   ^uotas lg Jotgrês4 Gotjlml lg tjpa puota qug ufjhm kas prjohjpmkgs

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haegrhjas qug sg haosjlgrmo lg jotgrês pmrm kas gstuljas lg Igaemr`gtjoi, johkuygola jocaremhjøo haea gk oaefrg lgk gstmfkghjejgota, gstmfkghje jgota, rmzøo sahjmk, VWH, rufra, ljrghhjøo, gth. Gstms sao kms hmpms físjhms rghaegolmlms pmrm Igaemr`gtjoi, sjo gefmria, sg puglgo haosjlgrmr atrms eís lg mhugrla mk mkhmohg mk humk sg lgsgm kkgimr0 haea ka gs haosjlgrmr hmpms lg råas, hmrrgtgrms, hjulmlgs, kåejtgs pakåtjhas, gth. Go hmsa sg lgsgg igogrmr tgsgkms pmrm gk lgsmrrakka prapja lg uo sactwmrg IJX wgf0 a tmefjêo palråmo sgr katgs, kahmkjlmlgs, mtrjfutas lg oaefrgs mktgromtjvas lg våms, go hmsa sg qujgrm prairmemr uo igarrgcgrgohjmlar pgrsaomkjzmla. ^ar ôktjea, sg lgfg msgiurmr qug gstm jocaremhjøo sg gohugotrg4  

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Mhtumkjzmlm4 Zm qug, par gdgepka, kas oaefrgs lg kms våms puglgo hmefjmr hao gk tjgepa, kms emozmoms puglgo hmefjmr lg carem y, safrg tala, kas haegrhjas mfrgo y hjgrrmo haostmotgegotg, mcghtmola go irmo emogrm ougstrm hmpm lg ^uotas lg Jotgrês.

  Smkjlmlm4 Kms hmpms a gotjlmlgs lgfgo tgogr hjgrtms vmkjlmhjaogs

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prgvjms qug sao oghgsmrjms pmrm kas pastgrjargs moíkjsjs0 tmkgs haea km haoghtjvjlml gotrg kas gdgs, km supgrpasjhjøo gotrg gdgs y emozmoms, km ufjhmhjøo lg kas puotas lg jotgrês, gth. Euhbms lg gstms vmkjlmhjaogs sg puglgo kairmr hao km bgrrmejgotm \apakaiy lgk MrhIJX.

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JOCAVEMHJØO \MFWKMV Atra haepaogotg euy jepartmotg sao kms Fmsgs lg Lmtas, kms humkgs tgolrío km jocaremhjøo oghgsmrjm pmrm rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs lgshrjptjvas lg kas gotaroas go kms sglgs a lgtghtmr zaoms qug huepkgo hao hmrmhtgråstjhms hmrmhtgråst jhms sahjalgeair sahjalgeairícjhms ícjhms gspghåcjhms sgiôo gk ogiahja. Cjiurm O¾\jpas 7. Gstruhturm uom lg Fmsg lg Lmtas. lg fmsg lglglmtas Zemot, 6>=9 Cugotg4

Km Fmsg lg Lmtas vjgog m sgr uo haoduota lg jocaremhjøo

arimojzmlm go km humk sg puglg sgkghhjaomr hjgrtas crmiegotas lg lmtas euy rípjlmegotg, gsta lg mhugrla m uom lgtgrejomlm oghgsjlml. Kms Fmsgs lg lmtas tjgolgo m haepaogrsg lg hmepas, rgijstras y mrhbjvas. Wo hmepa gs uom pjgzm lg jocaremhjøo ôojhm, uo rgijstra gs uo sjstgem haepugsta par vmrjas hmepas y uo mrhbjva vjgog m sgr gk haoduota lg rgijstras. (Emsmlgkmotg, s.c.) Gs jepartmotg qug gstms fmsgs lg lmtas tgoimo uo hmepa lg gokmhg gok mhg hao kms hmpms gspmhjmkgs, ym qug mk rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs lg igaemr`gtjoi sjgeprg sg vm m rgmkjzmr haosjlgrmola uom ufjhmhjøo. Go atras hmsas sgrí oghgsmrja uo hmepa lg ljrghhjøo pmrm palgr ufjhmrkas egljmotg igarrgcgrgohjmhjøo. Gotrg kms Fmsgs lg Lmtas qug sg rghaejgolmo pmrm rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs lg Igaemr`gtjoi sg gohugotrmo4

Smrjmfkgs sahjalgeairícjhms4 Km jocaremhjøo j ocaremhjøo hgosmk gs pjgzm hkmvg pmrm gk Igaemr`gtjoi, ym qug mk gokmzmrkm hao kms emozmoms sg

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aftjgog jocaremhjøo sahjalgeairícjhm lgk gotaroa, haea par gdgepka rmoia gtmrja, hmotjlml lg pafkmhjøo rgsjlgotg, hmotjlml lg vjvjgolms a johkusjvg prayghtmr atrms vmrjmfkgs haea joirgsas a ojvgkgs sahjaghaoøejhas. Gs jepartmotg haosjlgrmr km vjigohjm lg gstas lmtas go cuohjøo m km cghbm go qug sg rgmkjzø gk hgosa a kms prayghhjaogs.

Jocaremhjøo lg hkjgotgs4 Kas hkjgotgs sao go euhbms ahmsjaogs gk afdgtjva lg kas moíkjsjs lg Igaemr`gtjoi, gs par gkka qug ejgotrms emyar jocaremhjøo sg tgoim lg gkkas, egdargs rgsuktmlas sg aftgolrío. Haoahgr qujêogs sao kas hkjgotgs tap, smfgr quê praluhtas haeprmo, eaota lg haeprm egosumk, tjh`gt praeglja, gth. Z sgiegotmrka go fmsg m gstm jocaremhjøo pgrejtjrí aftgogr rgsuktmlas eís cjoas pmrm lgcjojr gstrmtgijms lg emr`gtjoi.

Jocaremhjøo lg kahmkgs/sglgs4 \mefjêo gs jepartmotg smfgr høea vm gk ogiahja, huíota vgolg hmlm sglg, quê eaota bm cmhturmla go gk ôktjea egs, høea vm gk huepkjejgota lg su egtm, gth. Xao lmtas qug pgrejtjrío hmkhukmr km huatm lg egrhmla qug mfmrhmo, lgcjojr sj su ufjhmhjøo gs km mlghumlm a sg lgfgråm pgosmr go rgufjhmrka, gth. Ejgotrms eís fmsgs lg lmtas sg aftgoimo, emyar jocaremhjøo lgshrjptjvm lgshrjptj vm sg palrí aftgogr m pmrtjr lg kas moíkjsjs XJI. Kms FL lg gotjlmlgs gstmtmkgs haea EJOXM (Ejojstgrja lg Xmkul) a EJOGLW (Ejojstgrja lg Gluhmhjøo) sao uo hkmra gdgepka lg jocaremhjøo ôtjk pmrm lgtgrejomlas rufras lg ogiahjas, haea ka gs gk sghtar smkul a gk sghtar gluhmtjva, puljgola smfgr løolg sg gohugotrm km haepgtgohjm a løolg oa sg mtjgolg m km lgemolm.

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XAC\YMVG XJI ^mrm rgmkjzmr talas kas moíkjsjs gspmhjmkgs sg oghgsjtm lg uo sactwmrg qug atariug kms bgrrmejgotms lg mkemhgomejgota y moíkjsjs, mså haea km vjsumkjzmhjøo y rgprgsgotmhjøo lg km jocaremhjøo igogrmlm. Gxjstgo ljvgrsas sactwmrgs IJX go gk egrhmla, mkiuoas kjfrgs y atras lg pmim, hmlm uoa hao sus rgspghtjvms vgotmdms y ljcgrgohjms. Gotrg kas eís haoahjlas sg gohugotrmo m kas sactwmrg kjfrgs ]IJX Z IvXJI, mså tmefjêo, mk sactwmrg kjhgohjmla MrhIJX lg GXVJ hao sus pkmtmcarems MrhIJX Lgs`tap, MrhIJX Gotgrprjsg y MrhIJX Aokjog.

Cjiurm O¾ 3. Kaia lg sactwmrg IJX. Cugotg4 GXVJ, ]IJX y IvXJI, 6>=2

^mrm kas cjogs lgk Igaemr`gtjoi, qug oghgsjtm uom sgrjg lg bgrrmejgotms mvmozmlms qug pgrejtmo mfmstghgr kms oghgsjlmlgs sakjhjtmlms par gstm ljshjpkjom, sg rghaejgolm usmr MrhIJX Lgs`tap0 ym qug mk tgogr uom sgrjg lg gxtgosjaogs hao bgrrmejgotms euy patgotgs haea Ogtwar` Momkyst, Xpmtjmk Momkyst, 8L Momkyst a Lmtm Jotgrapgrmfjkjty pgrejtgo km rgmkjzmhjøo lg moíkjsjs, mlgeís lg atarimr sapartg pgremogotg par pmrtg lg GXVJ go hmsa ahurrmo johaovgojgotgs a lulms.

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MOMKJX\MX Gotrg kms vmrjms rmems qug tjgog uo pracgsjaomk IJX, sg gohugotrmo kas Ljsgýmlargs lg Fmsg lg Lmtas, Ljsgýmlargs lg empms, Gljtargs IJX, Momkjstm lg jeíigogs y kas momkjstms IJX. Gstas ôktjeas mpkjhmo sus haoahjejgotas m ljcgrgotgs rmems haea gk Eglja Mefjgotg, km Igakaiåm, km Ejogråm, kas Vghursas Omturmkgs, km Lgemrhmhjøo \grrjtarjmk, gk Arlgomejgota \grrjtarjmk, gk Lgsmrrakka Xustgotmfkg y, par supugsta, gk Igaemr`gtjoi. Kas momkjstms sao km pmrtg buemom lgk XJI y utjkjzmrío talm km jjocaremhjøo ocaremhjøo gspmhjmk, tmfukmr y kms bgrrmejgotms qug acrghg gk sactwmrg pmrm rgmkjzmr kas prahgljejgotas IJX mpkjhmlas mk Igaemr`gtjoi. Lgfgo tgogr haoahjejgotas søkjlas lg IJX, Igairmcåm y oahjaogs físjhms lg Emr`gtjoi pmrm palgr lgtgrejomr kms bgrrmejgotms qug kg sgrío ôtjkgs pmrm aftgogr kas rgsuktmlas lgsgmlas.

WXWMVJA CJOMK \alm km jocaremhjøo qug sg igogrm m pmrtjr lg kas lmtas tmota gspmhjmkgs haea tmfukmrgs, kas rgsuktmlas lg kas prahgsas y moíkjsjs qug sg rgmkjzmo rgprgsgotmlas egljmotg empms sao utjkjzmlas par hkjgotgs cjomkgs, kas humkgs sgrío kas usumrjas lg km jocaremh j ocaremhjøo. jøo. \alas kas empms, jocaremhjøo ljijtmk, humlras, irícjhas, fmsgs lg lmtas qug sg igogrmo mk cjomkjzmr kas gstuljas lg igaemr`gtjoi sgrío gxpkatmlas par igrgohjms a par írgms lg emr`gtjoi lg hmlm geprgsm, m cjo qug puglmo lgtgrejomr quê lghjsjaogs lgfgo taemr, quê mhhjaogs sg lgfg taemr go zaoms laolg sg puglg gohaotrmr irmo hmotjlml lg hkjgotgs, huík sglg sg lgfg rgufjhmr y quê tjpas lg hmepmýms sg lgfgo

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gstmfkghgr pmrm mtrmgr hkjgotgs, sao mkiuoms lg kms rgspugstms qug lgfgo aftgogr, y kas rgsuktmlas lg Igaemr`gtjoi sgrío uo mpaya cuolmegotmk. Gstm jocaremhjøo gspmhjmk sg suemrí m atrms haea tmfkms a irícjhas igogrmlas par gk írgm lg Fusjogss Jotgkkjigohg, gk gstmla lg kms vgotms par pmrtg lg kas Momkjstms lg Emr`gtjoi, gth. m cjo lg taemr kms egdargs lghjsjaogs pmrm gxpmoljr km emrhm, hmptmr hkjgotgs patgohjmkgs a cjlgkjzmr hkjgotgs mhtumkgs.

GX\MFKGHJGOLA KMX FMXGX LGK XJI HMV\AIVMCÅM HMV\AIVMCÅ M FMXG Haea sg bm joljhmla kåogms mrrjfm, gs rghaegolmfkg haotmr hao uom hmrtairmcåm qug gstê haepugstm par hmpms mhtumkjzmlms y vmkjlmlms0 ym qug km jocaremhjøo qug sg aftgoim go kas rgsuktmlas lg kas moíkjsjs pmrtjrí lg km ufjhmhjøo go gk gspmhja lg hjgrtms vmrjmfkgs, haea lmtas hgosmkgs, vgkahjlmlgs lg vgbåhukas, ufjhmhjøo lg hkjgotgs, gth. ^ar ka tmota, sj km fmsg haotjgog lmtas grrmlas, kas rgsuktmlas mrrmstrmrío gstas grrargs y sg aftgolrí jocaremhjøo jeprghjsm qug puglm lghmotmr go uom lghjsjøo qug oa aftgoim fugoas rgsuktmlas. Km hmrtairmcåm fmsg gstí haepugstm par uom sgrjg lg hmpms qug go su haoduota oas sjrvgo haea uo empm fmsg pmrm km rgprgsgotmhjøo lg jocaremhjøo tgeítjhm, par gdgepka kas vjsargs lg empms wgf haea Iaaikg Emps, Ymzg, Fjoi Emps, Zmolgx a BGVG YgIA tjgogo su prapjm hmrtairmcåm fmsg, kms humkgs sg rgprgsgotmo m trmvês lg tgsgkms (jeíigogs qug haocaremo uo easmjha y hufrgo talm km supgrcjhjg lg km tjgrrm) y saka sjrvgo pmrm vjsumkjzmr, sjo palgr rgmkjzmr haosuktms m kms gotjlmlgs y

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mtrjfutas lg kms hmpms. Johkusa go MrhIJX Lgs`tap sg gohugotrm gohugotrmo o uom sgrjg lg empms fmsg go tgsgkms praparhjaomlms egljmotg MrhIJX Aokjog. ^mrm cjogs lg moíkjsjs, kms tgsgkms oa sao ôtjkgs mk oa palgr gxpkatmr km jocaremhjøo lg kms hmpms y saka sgr uo vjsumkjzmlar lg kms ejsems. Gs par gkka qug sg rgqujgrgo kms hmpms go caremta vghtar qug haocaremo gstas empms fmsgs, y kms hmpms gsgohjmkgs qug sg usmo go Igaemr`gtjoi sao km hmpm lg gdgs vjmkgs, emozmoms y puotas lg jotgrês, kas humkgs hmlm uoa lgfg haotmr hao mtrjfutas gspghåcjhas, safrg tala kas gdgs vjmkgs.

M haotjoumhjøo, sg gokjstmo kms 8 hmpms gsgohjmkgs pmrm rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs IJX go Igaemr`gtjoi hao sus rgspghtjvas mtrjfutas oghgsmrjas4   Gdgs Sjmkgs4 Xg lgfg msgiurmr qug gstm hmpm gstê haoghtmlm gotrg



så, lg emogrm qug msgiurg km haotjoujlml mk eaegota lg trmskmlmrsg par kms våms, hao gxhgphjøo lg kas hmkkgdaogs. Mlgeís, kas gdgs sg lgfgo hartmr go kas hruhgs vjmkgs0 qujgrg lghjr qug oa lgfg bmfgr supgrpasjhjøo gotrg gkkms, smkva go hmsas euy gspghåcjhas haea pugotgs a tôogkgs, laolg så sg dustjcjhm qug kas gdgs haotjoôgo su trmyghtarjm sjo hartmrsg hao atras mk gstmr par gohjem a par lgfmda lg kas ejseas. Gotrg kas hmepas qug sg rghaejgolmo qug tgoimo haea mtrjfutas, sg bmkkmo4   JL4  Xjgeprg gs oghgsmrja uo hmepa oueêrjha ôojha g

a

jrrgpgtjfkg qug sjrvm haea ^rjemry @gy.   \jpa lg våm4 Jlgotjcjhmr gk tjpa lg våm haea hmkkgs, mvgojlms,

a

pmsmdgs, djraogs, gth. sgrí jepartmotg pmrm gstmfkghgr ljrghhjaogs pmrm rutms a pmrm igarrgcgrgohjmr hkjgotgs.

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  Oaefrg lg km våm4 \gogr jocaremhjøo mhtumkjzmlm lgk oaefrg

a

lg kms våms sgrí cuolmegotmk tmota pmrm lmr joljhmhjaogs go rutms a pmrm igarrgcgrgohjmr igarrgcgrgohj mr hkjgotgs0 y go gstg ôktjea hmsa tgogr jocaremhjøo mljhjaomk lg oaefrgs mktgromtjvas a oaefrgs

motgrjargs

myulmrí

fmstmotg

go

km

igarrgcgrgohjmhjøo.   Humlrm4  Gk oôegra lg humlrm sgrvjrí pmrm mk eaegota lg

a

gstmfkghgr ljrghhjaogs go kms rutms.   Vmoia lg pugrtm4  Xg rgcjgrg mk rmoia lg kas oôegras lg

a

pugrtms qug bmy go kms våms0 par gdgepka, km k m humlrm = tgolrí uo rmoia lg =>= bmstm =>: par uo kmla y =>6 bmstm =:2 par gk atra. Gstm jocaremhjøo gs joljspgosmfkg y cuolmegotmk pmrm km igarrgc igarrgcgrgohjmhjøo. grgohjmhjøo.   Xgotjla4  Lg emogrm aphjaomk sg puglg tgogr jocaremhjøo

a

safrg gk sgotjla vgbjhukmr lg kms våms, y mså rgstrjoijr km hjrhukmhjøo go hjgrtms våms a kjejtmr km hjrhukmhjøo go uo saka sgotjla.   Sgkahjlml4  Gstg vmkar gs km fmsg lg km irmo emyaråm lg

a

moíkjsjs. Haotmr hao vgkahjlmlgs praeglja gokmzmlms m hmlm gdg ym sgm go fmsg mk tjpa lg våm a par sgrvjhjas lg trmh`joi pgrejtjrí rgmkjzmr uom sgrjg lg moíkjsjs hao km

bgrrmejgotm Ogtwar` Momkyst lg MrhIJX. Xg rghugrlm qug gk trícjha oa sg lgspkmzm sjgeprg jiumk, gxjstgo barms pjhas y barms kjfrgs lg trícjha.

Emozmoms4 Kas pakåiaoas lg emozmoms y írgms vgrlgs tmefjêo sao uom hmpm oghgsmrjm pmrm moíkjsjs lg Igaemr`gtjoi, ym qug m gstms sg vmo m gokmzmr uom sgrjg lg lmtas gstmlåstjhas haea hgosas a

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prayghhjaogs, lg kas humkgs sg vm m aftgogr jocaremhjøo lgshrjptjvm a sgrvjrío haea pmríegtras pmrm hjgrtas moíkjsjs. Gs jepartmotg qug gstm hmpm oa sg trmskmpg hao kas gdgs vjmkgs, ym qug gs jepasjfkg qug gsa ahurrm go km vjlm rgmk y sjgeprg lgfgo tgogr uo høljia qug gokmhg kas pakåiaoas hao km jocaremhjøo tmfukmr qug sg vmym m usmr. Gotrg sus mtrjfutas gsgohjmkgs sg gohugotrmo4   Høljia Hgosmk4  Xjrvg haea ^rjemry @gy mk sgr ôojha g

a

jrrgpgtjfkg0 mlgeís gs gk gokmhg gotrg kms emozmoms y kms fmsgs lg lmtas lgk hgosa a prayghhjaogs.   Oaefrg Euojhjpmk4  Aphjaomkegotg sg puglg smfgr gk

a

oaefrg euojhjpmk lg kms emozmoms pmrm qug sjrvmo lg mpaya go km igarrgcgrgohjmhjøo.   Írgms Sgrlgs4  Jlgotjcjhmr kms írgms vgrlgs haea pmrqugs

a

pgrejtg ljshrjejomr gstas pakåiaoas lg kas moíkjsjs qug oa rgqujgrmo lg su prgsgohjm, haea go gk hmsa lg km lgemolm pmrm ogiahjas lg rgtmjk.

^uotas lg Jotgrês4  Kas puotas lg haegrhjas qug sgmo rgkgvmotgs pmrm lgtgrejomlas ogiahjas lgfgo sgr haosjlgrmlas go gk moíkjsjs XJI mpkjhmla mk Igaemr`gtjoi, ym qug sg puglg jlgotjcjhmr km ufjhmhjøo lg km haepgtgohjm hao rgspghta m kms sglgs prapjms, a jlgotjcjhmr zaoms lg haohgotrmhjøo lg pafkmhjøo ckatmotg go cuohjøo m km mirupmhjøo lg haegrhjas mtrmhtargs lg pafkmhjøo. Gs euy jepartmotg emotgogr gstm hmpm mhtumkjzmlm, pugsta qug km mpgrturm y hjgrrg lg haegrhjas gs haostmotg, mcghtmola m kas rgsuktmlas lg kas moíkjsjs go hmsa oa sg haosjlgrgo gstas hmefjas. Kas mtrjfutas gsgohjmkgs qug lgfgo tgogr kas puotas lg jotgrês sao4

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  JL4 Høljia ôojha g jrrgpgtjfkg qug sjrvg haea ^rjemry @gy a

a

jlgotjcjhmlar. a

  VWH4 Xj fjgo sg puglg utjkjzmr haea ^rjemry @gy, puglg bmfgr

rgpgtjhjaogs go hmsa lg suhursmkgs0 sjo gefmria, gs ôtjk tgogr

gstg mtrjfuta parqug gs pasjfkg gokmzmrka hao atrms fmsgs lg lmtas lgk gstmla y aftgogr jocaremhjøo mljhjaomk.   Oaefrg4  Xg puglg usmr km rmzøo sahjmk lg kas ogiahjas a

a

tmefjêo gk oaefrg haegrhjmk hao gk humk gs haoahjla.   Vufra4 Xmfgr m quê rufra pgrtgoghgo kas ogiahjas gs euy ôtjk

a

pmrm lgcjojr km jockugohjm qug tgolrío hjgrtas rufras go lgtgrejomlas ogiahjas a go km jlgotjcjhmhjøo lg zaoms lg pafkmhjøo ckatmotg.   Ljrghhjøo4  ^ar ôktjea, km ljrghhjøo gs jepartmotg go hmsa

a

bmym hmefjas lg ufjhmhjøo lg lgtgrejomlas ogiahjas pmrm uo prahgsa lg igarrgcgrgohjmhjøo a ufjhmhjøo.

GR\GOXJØO OG\YAV@ MOMKZX\ LG M MVHIJX VHIJX Xgiôo kas rghursas lg GXVJ4 MrhIJX Ogtwar` Momkyst atarim bgrrmejgotms lg moíkjsjs gspmhjmk fmsmlms go uom rgl pmrm rgsakvgr prafkgems haepkgdas lg rutms. ^mrm gkka usm uo ealgka haocjiurmfkg lg trmospartg, pgrejtjgola m kms geprgsms rgprgsgotmr lg emogrm prghjsm sus rgqugrjejgotas gspghåcjhas. ^uglgs pkmogmr rutms pmrm uom ckatm gotgrm, hmkhukmr tjgepas lg haoluhhjøo, ufjhmr jostmkmhjaogs y rgsakvgr atras prafkgems rgkmhjaomlas m rglgs. Kms bgrrmejgotms go Ogtwar` Momkyst tg pgrejtgo aftgogr ougvas haoahjejgotas y taemr egdargs lghjsjaogs go gk ogiahja. Atarim gstjemhjaogs lg vgotmoms lg tjgepa lg sgrvjhja eís prghjsms. ^alrís lgcjojr ørlgogs, haoluhtargs, vgbåhukas y atrms rgstrjhhjaogs y rgqugrjejgotas hråtjhas safrg kms cuohjaogs lg tu arimojzmhjøo.

GXVJ acrghg gotrg sus gxtgosjaogs kjhgohjmlms lg MrhIJX Lgs`tap uom sgrjg lg patgotgs bgrrmejgotms go su eøluka lg Ogtwar` Momkyst. ^mrm gkka usm

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uo Lmtmsgt lg Vgl, gk humk sg igogrm lgotra lg uom Igalmtmfmsg y go gkkm sg mkemhgomo talms kms hmpms jovakuhrmlms. ^grejtg rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs gspmhjmkgs haosjlgrmola gk trmospartg m trmvês lg uom rgl haoghtmlm gotrg så y oa lg emogrm Guhkjlgmom (kjogmk y rghtm). Mlgeís, utjkjzm uom jepglmohjm a gscugrza pmrm lgspkmzmrsg, ym sgm tjgepa a ljstmohjm0 mså tmefjêo, pgrejtg msjiomr pmríegtras lg rgstrjhhjaogs gspghåcjhms.

^mrm mhhglgr m Ogtwar` Momkyst, go MrhIJX Lgs`tap sg lgfg mhtjvmr su kjhgohjm ljrjijêolasg m Hustaejzg y sgkghhjaomola Gxtgosjaos.

Xg mfrjrí uom vgotmom joljhmola kms pasjfkgs gxtgosjaogs m mhtjvmr, msgiurmrsg lg haotmr hao km kjhgohjm lg Ogtwar` Momkyst y sg mhtjvm su hmsjkkgra bmhjgola hkjh go êk.

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Kugia sg lgfg mhtjvmr km fmrrm lg bgrrmejgotms, pmrm gkka sg bmhg hkjh lgrghba go humkqujgr pmrtg lg kmla lgrghba supgrjar lgk MrhIJX y mpmrghgrí uo kjstmla lg kms ljstjotms fmrrms hao kms qug hugotm gk sactwmrg. Xg jlgotjcjhm Ogtwar` Momkyst y sg bmhg hkjh.

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Mutaeítjhmegotg, mpmrghgrí km fmrrm lg bgrrmejgotms y sg puglgo afsgrvmr hjgrtas fataogs, kas humkgs sg lgshrjfgo m haotjoumhjøo4

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\mefjêo sg gohugotrm uom sgrjg lg hmpms a moíkjsjs lg rgl qug pgrejtg igogrmr gk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Xg lgcjogo m hmlm uom lg gkkms m haotjoumhjøo4

Vutm4 Sjgog m sgr km egdar emogrm pmrm jr lgslg uo kuimr bmhjm atra a lg jr par vmrjms ufjhmhjaogs. Go hmsa sg tgoimo vmrjms pmrmlms, sg puglg gspghjcjhmr uo arlgo lgtgrejomla a tmefjêo gk prapja moíkjsjs puglg lgtgrejomr huík gs km egdar sghugohjm pmrm vjsjtmr kms ufjhmhjaogs.

Cjiurm O¾ 9 Vutm Ougvm lgk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Cugotg4 Vghursas lg GXVJ. 6>=2

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Jostmkmhjøo eís hgrhmom4 Mk fushmr km jostmkmhjøo j ostmkmhjøo eís hgrhmom, ym sgm uo baspjtmk, uom pmtrukkm lg pakjhåm p uom gshgom lgk hrjego, sg puglg gspghjcjhmr humotms jostmkmhjaogs fushmr y mlgeís sj km ljrghhjøo lg vjmdg gs mhgrhíolasg a mkgdíolasg lg gkkms, hmkhukmr gk hastg lgk vjmdg vj mdg y eastrmr joljhmhjaogs lg høea kkgimr. ^ar uktjea tmefjêo pgrejtg kjejtmr km rutm hao uo vmkar lg jepglmohjm, lg gstm emogrm oa fushmrm jostmkmhjaogs kgdmoms.

Cjiurm O¾ 2 Jostmkmhjøo eís hgrhmom lgk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Cugotg4 Vghursas lg GXVJ. 6>=2

Írgms lg sgrvjhja4 Wo írgm lg sgrvjhja gs uom rgijøo qug mfmrhm talms kms hmkkgs mhhgsjfkgs m uom ufjhmhjøo, ym sgm lg jlm a lg rgirgsa mk kuimr, gsta qujgrg lghjr, kms hmkkgs qug gstío lgotra lg uom jepglmohjm gspghjcjhmlm gspghjcjhmlm..

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Cjiurm O¾ : Írgm lg Xgrvjhja Xgr vjhja lgk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Cugotg4 Vghursas lg GXVJ. 6>=2

Emtrjz lg Hasta AL4  Wo emtrjz lg hastg AL gs uom tmfkm qug haotjgog km jepglmohjm lg rgl lgslg hmlm arjigo bmstm hmlm lgstjoa, kairmola bmhgr uom emtrjz lg eôktjpkgs gotrmlms gotrmlms y eôktjpkgs lgstjoas. Mlgeís, hkmsjcjhm go arlgo mshgolgotg kas lgstjoas m kas qug sg kkgim lgslg hmlm arjigo, fmsíolasg go km eåojem jepglmohjm rgqugrjlm pmrm vjmdmr.

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Cjiurm O¾ =>. Emtrjz lg Hasta AL lgk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Cugotg4 Vghursas lg GXVJ, 6>=2

^rafkgem lg igogrmhjøo lg rutms pmrm vgbåhukas4 Hao gstm sakuhjøo sg praparhjaom uo mkta ojvgk lg sgrvjhja pmrm uom ckatm lg vgbåhukas qug rgqujgrgo vjsjtmr hkjgotgs, mså haea sghugohjmr y prairmemr sus vjsjtms. Xg puglg lgcjojr pmríegtras haea uom vgotmom lg tjgepa m rgspgtmr, haotmr saka hao kas rghursas ljspaojfkgs y lgotra lg kåejtgs barmrjas lg kas haoluhtargs, vgkahjlmlgs eíxjems y haepraejsa hao kas hkjgotgs.

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Cjiurm O¾ ==. ^rafkgem lg rutms lg vgbåhukas lgk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Cugotg4 Vghursas lg GXVJ, 6>=2

Wfjhmhjøo y msjiomhjøo4  Gk afdgtjva haosjstg go ejojejzmr km ljstmohjm tatmk gotrg kas puotas lg lgemolm y kms jostmkmhjaogs, emxjejzmr gk oôegra lg puotas lg lgemolm hufjgrtas lgotra lg uom hjgrtm ljstmohjm m kms jostmkmhjaogs, emxjejzmr uom hmotjlml lg lgemolm qug lghrghg hao gk muegota lg km ljstmohjm m uom jostmkmhjøo a emxjejzmr km hmotjlml lg lgemolm hmptmlm go uo gotaroa lg jostmkmhjaogs prapjms y km haepgtgohjm.  

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Cjiurm O¾ =6. Msjiomhjøo-Wfjhmhjøo lgk Ogtwar` Momkyst. Cugotg4 Vghursas lg GXVJ, 6>=2

IGOGVMHJØO LG WO LM\MXG\ LG VGL Xgiôo kas rghursas lg GXVJ4 Kas lmtmsgts lg rgl sao mprapjmlas pmrm ealgkmr e algkmr rglgs lg trmospartg. Xg hrgmo m pmrtjr lg gotjlmlgs lg arjigo, qug puglgo johkujr gotjlmlgs sjepkgs (kåogms y puotas) y ijras, y mkemhgomr km haoghtjvjlml lg kms gotjlmlgs lg arjigo. Mk rgmkjzmr uo moíkjsjs egljmotg kkm m MrhIJX Ogtwar` Momkyst g gxtgosjao, xtgosjao, gk moíkjsjs sjgeprg sg rgmkjzm go uo lmtmsgt lg rgl.

Gk Lmtmsgt lg Vgl gs gk caremta qug usm MrhIJX pmrm mkemhgomr kas josueas qug sg vmo m usmr go kas moíkjsjs lg rgl, gsta qujgrg lghjr km hmpm lg gdgs vjmkgs y atrms hmpms qug aphjaomkegotg sg puglgo mirgimr. ^mrm palgr jojhjmr humkqujgr hmpm a moíkjsjs lg rgl sjgeprg sg lgfg igogrmr uo Lmtmsgt lg Vgl lgotra lg uo Lmtmsgt lg Gotjlml, qug gstí m su vgz lgotra lg uom Igalmtmfmsg0 y pmrm palgr igogrmrka sg oghgsjtm haea eåojea uom hmpm lg gdgs vjmkgs hao uo mtrjfuta lg jepglmohjm.

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Go MrhHmtmkai sg hrgm uom ougvm Igalmtmfmsg bmhjgola hkjh lgrghba go km hmrpgtm, sg sgkghhjaom Ougva y, pastgrjaregotg, Cjkg Igalmtmfmsg.

Xg hmefjm lg oaefrg m km ILF bmhjgola hkjh las vghgs go su oaefrg y hakahmola XGXJAOQ>=.

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Lgotra lg km ILF igogrmlm sg hrgm uo Cgmturg Lmtmsgt, pmrm gkka sg bmhg hkjh lgrghba m km ILF y sg sgkghhjaom

Ougva, sgiujla lg Cgmturg Lmtmsgt.

Mpmrghgrí uom vgotmom laolg sg lgfg joirgsmr gk oaefrg

XGXJAOQ>=QLM\MXG\ y sgkghhjaomr Xjiujgotg.

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Mbarm sg joirgsm gk Xjstgem lg Haarlgomlms RZ, hao gk humk vmeas m trmfmdmr. Mk mkemhgomr jocaremhjøo lgotra lg Lmtmsgts, gsta pgrejtg lgcjojr uo Xjstgem lg Haarlgomlms par hmlm Lmtmsgt, lg emogrm qug talms kms hmpms qug sg joirgsmo gstmrío go gsg sjstgem. Lg prgcgrgohjm, sg rghaejgolm gstmfkghgr gk Xjstgem lg Haarlgomlms YIX =:2< W\E

Taom =2X, ym qug mk sgr uo írgm gspghåcjhm gspghåcjh m lg gstulja y mk oa mfmrhmr irmo gspmhja qug jepkjqug km hurvmturm lg km tjgrrm, gk Xjstgem W\E gs km egdar gkghhjøo. Xgkghhjaomr Xjiujgotg. 

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Haea pmsa sjiujgotg, sg lgfg msjiomr uo Xjstgem lg Haarlgomlms Z0 gsta gs go hmsa sg trmfmdg hao hmpms qug tgoimo mtrjfutas lg trgs ljegosjaogs, sg lgdm vmhåa y sg sgkghhjaom Xjiujgotg.

^ar ôktjea, sg lgfg gstmfkghgr km prghjsjøo lg kms \akgrmohjms lgk Lmtmsgt. Humola sg trmfmdm hao Lmtmsgt, uom lg kms vgotmdms qug acrghg gs lgtgrejomr pmrm hmlm Lmtmsgt lgotra lg uo ejsea ILF takgrmohjms

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ljcgrgotgs, qug qujgrg lghjr km prghjsjøo go km ljstmohjm gotrg vêrtjhg y vêrtjhg lg km jocaremhjøo vghtarjmk qug sg mkemhgom lgotra. M egoar ljstmohjm, emyar prghjsjøo lg km rgprgsgotmhjøo gspmhjmk pgra emyar gspmhja lg mkemhgomejgota usmla. Xg lgdm par lgcghta hao km prghjsjøo lg = ee y sg sgkghhjaom Cjomkjzmr. 

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Mbarm sg jepartmo kas gdgs vjmkgs qug sg bmo gotrgimla, hkjh lgrghba mk Cgmturg

Lmtmsgt

sgkghhjaom

y

sg

Jepartmr, 

sgiujla lg Cgmturg Hkmss

(Xjoikg).

Xg mfrg km vgotmom lg km bgrrmejgotm jepartmr y sg fushm go gk prjegr hmsjkkgra km rutm lgk sbmpgcjkg GDGXQSJMKGX0 sg lgdm gk hmsjkkgra Autput

Kahmtjao par lgcghta y go gk tgrhgr hmsjkkgra, Autput Cgmturg Hkmss, sg joirgsm gk oaefrg lg km hmpm lg smkjlm qug sgrí GDGXQSJMKGX. Lgdmeas gk rgsta par lgcghta y sgkghhjaomeas A@.

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Mbarm sg igogrm gk Ogtwar` Lmtmsgt, pmrm gkka sg bmhg hkjh lgrghba go gk Cgmturg Lmtmsgt hrgmla y go Ogw sg sgkghhjaom Ogtwar` Lmtmsgt.

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Mk mfrjrsg km ougvm vgotmom sg msjiom uo oaefrg mk Lmtmsgt lg Vgl, gk humk sgrí XGXJAOQ>=QLM\MXG\QVGL y sg lgdm km vgrsjøo eís rghjgotg par lgcghta. Xg sgkghhjaom Xjiujgotg.

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Go km sjiujgotg vgotmom sg lgfgo sgkghhjaomr kms hmpms qug pmrtjhjpmrío go km Vgl. Xjgeprg sg lgfg tgogr haea eåojea uom hmpm lg tjpa kåogms pmrm qug sjrvm haea fmsg pmrm km Vgl. Go gstg hmsa, km hmpm lg gdgs vjmkgs sgrí km ôojhm qug sg afsgrvm go gk kjstmla, sg lgfg msgiurmr qug tgoim su hmsjkkgra mhtjvmla, sgkghhjaomr Xjiujgotg.

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Xg lgdm par lgcghta kms hurvms ikafmkgs, ym qug msjiomrí uom pgomkjlml go kms hurvms mk eaegota lg ijrmr y sg sgkghhjaom Xjiujgotg  pmrm prahglgr m kkgomr gk rgsta lg pmríegtras.

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LGCJOJHJØO LG ^MVÍEG\VAX Mk haotjoumr hao km vgotmom pmrm km igogrmhjøo lg uo Ogtwar` Lmtmsgt, sg tjgogo qug lgcjojr hjgrtas pmríegtras (mkiuoas lg gkkas aphjaomkgs) qug vmo m jockujr go kas rgsuktmlas qug atariugo kas pastgrjargs moíkjsjs. Gstas sao kas sjiujgotgs4 sjiujgotgs4

Haoghtjvjlml4  Xg lgfg lgcjojr lg quê emogrm km rgl sg vm m haoghtmr gotrg sus gdgs, pmrm gkka sg gohugotrmo las aphjaogs4 ‛Moy Sgrtgx― a ‛Gol  Moy Sgrtgx  pgrejtjrí km haoghtjvjlml gotrg uo gdg y atra go ^ajot―. Moy

humkqujgr vêrtjhg go gk qug sg taqugo0 ejgotrms qug Gol ^ajot saka ka bmrí humola gk cjo lg uo gdg sgm gk jojhja lg atra y vjhgvgrsm. Xg gshaig Gol ^ajot  lgfjla m qug km haoghtjvjlml lg kas gdgs gstí vmkjlmlm.

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Gkgvmhjøo4 Go hmsa sg tgoimo mtrjfutas lg gkgvmhjøo go kas gdgs, sg puglg msjiomr gkgvmhjøo pmrm haosjlgrmr km pgoljgotg mk eaegota lg lgspkmzmrsg0 hmfg rgharlmr qug oa gs jiumk jr go kkmoa qug lgspkmzmrsg par uom pgoljgotg bmhjm mrrjfm. ^mrm gkka sg lgfg tgogr las hmepas lg gkgvmhjøo, uoa lg jojhja y atra lg cjo. ^ar gdgepka, uo gdg qug pgrtgogzhm mk jojhja lg uo pugotg tgolrí lg gkgvmhjøo jojhjmk > e y go su gkgvmhjøo cjomk 8> e0 mså, gk gdg ufjhmla go gk cjomk lgk pugotg tgolrí 8> e haea gkgvmhjøo jojhjmk y > e haea gkgvmhjøo cjomk. Xg sgkghhjaom Oaog lgfjla m qug kas gdgs vjmkgs oa hugotmo hao ljhbm jocaremhjøo par trmtmrsg lg uom zaom urfmom.

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Jepglmohjm4 Km jepglmohjm vjgog m sgr gk gscugrza a hasta qug sg rgmkjzm pmrm lgspkmzmrsg par km rgl, gstm oa gs uojcareg y puglg vmrjmr lg gdg go gdg. Km jepglmohjm eís sgohjkkm gs km ljstmohjm4 ejgotrms eís kgdas sg gohugotrg uo lgstjoa, emyar sgrí km ljstmohjm y, par ka tmota, gk gscugrza pmrm lgspkmzmrsg bmhjm gsg kuimr. Xjo gefmria, oa sjgeprg km ljstmohjm eís hartm gs km egdar aphjøo, ym qug tmefjêo lgpgolg lgk trícjha qug mcghtm ljrghtmegotg mk tjgepa go qug uoa sg lgearm pmrm kkgimr mk lgstjoa. Gs par gkka qug km sgiuolm jepglmohjm eís usmlm gs gk tjgepa, y gstg gs gk qug sg usm pmrm Igaemr`gtjoi. Xg lgfg msjiomr lg emogrm afkjimtarjm uom jepglmohjm pmrm gk Lmtmsgt lg Vgl y sg puglgo msjiomr vmrjas lg emogrm aphjaomk. Mlgeís, pmrm hmlm jepglmohjm sg lgfgo gstmfkghgr

kms

uojlmlgs

go

qug

sgrío

rgprgsgotmlms, go hmsa lg ljstmohjms sgrío egtras, y go gk hmsa lgk tjgepa sgrío ejoutas. Xj gotrg kas mtrjfutas sg tjgogo hmepas hao kas oaefrgs EJOW\GX a EG\GVX, mutaeítjhmegotg sgrío rghaoahjlas haea jepglmohjms lg km Vgl.

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Wojljrghhjaomk4 Gstg pmríegtra aphjaomk pgrejtg igogrmr rgsuktmlas eís cjoas mk eaegota lg rgmkjzmr moíkjsjs hao ougstrm Vgl. Gk sgotjla vgbjhukmr gstmfkghg go quê våms a gdgs sg puglg hjrhukmr go uo saka sgotjla, go las sgotjlas a sjepkgegotg oa sg puglg hjrhukmr. ^mrm gsta sg oghgsjtm uo hmepa hao kas sjiujgotgs vmkargs4 C\ a C 5 Gk lgspkmzmejgota sg puglg lmr saka go km ejsem ljrghhjøo hao km qug bm sjla ljijtmkjzmla gk gdg. \C a \ 5 Gk lgspkmzmejgota sg puglg lmr saka go km ljrghhjøo haotrmrjm hao km qug bm sjla ljijtmkjzmla gk gdg. O 5 Oa sg pgrejtg ojoiôo lgspkmzmejgota par gk gdg. Atras vmkargs 5 Gk lgspkmzmejgota sg puglg lmr go humkqujgr ljrghhjøo. Go hmsa gk hmepa qug lgcjog gk sgotjla tgoim par oaefrg AOGYMZ, sgrí rghaoahjla mutaemtjhmegotg haea uom rgstrjhhjøo lg km Vgl.

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Ealgkas lg vjmdg4 Go hmsa sg lgsgg igogrmr moíkjsjs pmrm ljstjotas tjpas lg trmospartg (vgbåhuka pmrtjhukmr, trmospartg pôfkjha, fjhjhkgtm, m pjg, gth.) hao uo saka Lmtmsgt lg Vgl, y pmrm gkka tgoim vmrjms jepglmohjms, sg puglg msjiomr ljstjotas ealgkas lg vjmdg pmrm hmlm uoa. Gsta qujgrg lghjr qug pmrm uo tjpa lg vjmdg m pjg puglg msjiomrsg uom jepglmohjm lgk tjgepa lg lgspkmzmejgota m pjg, pmrm gk tjpa lg vjmdg go vgbåhuka sg palråm msjiomr atrm jepglmohjm ljstjotm y mså suhgsjvmegotg.

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Ljrghhjaogs4 Go hmsa sg vmymo m igogrmr rutms øptjems, gstmfkghgr ljrghhjaogs pmrm kas haoluhtargs sgrí cuolmegotmk0 par tmk eatjva, sg puglg msjiomr lgslg kas mtrjfutas lg kas gdgs vjmkgs hmepas qug joljqugo oaefrg lg våms u atrms rgcgrgohjms haea humlrms. Ejgotrms emyar jocaremhjøo sg tgoim, kms ljrghhjaogs lg kms rutms sgrío eís prghjsms. ^ar gsm rmzøo, sgkghhjaomr Xå  y  y gotrmr m kms aphjaogs lg Ljrghhjaogs, go km ougvm vgotmom gspghjcjhmr quê hmepas haotjgogo vmkargs haea ^rgcjdas, Oaefrgs a Xucjdas, go hmsa sg tgoim ljhbm jocaremhjøo.

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Åoljhg lg írgm lg sgrvjhja4 Gstm aphjøo mhgkgrm gk prahgsa lg moíkjsjs mk eaegota lg igogrmr írgms lg sgrvjhja, sg rghaejgolm mhtjvmr su hmsjkkgra.

^mrm tgrejomr, sg sgkghhjaom Cjomkjzmr y sg gspgrm m qug sg igogrg km Vgl. Mk bmhgrka, mpmrghgrí uom ougvm vgotmom joljhmola qug km Vgl bm sjla igogrmlm y prgiuotmola sj sg lgsgm haostrujr km Vgl go gstg eaegota, m ka humk sg joljhm j oljhm qug så sgkghhjaomla sgkghhjaomla Zgs.

Xg gspgrm m qug sg haostruym y ym sg bmfrí igogrmla gk Lmtmsgt lg Vgl, tgojgola haea rgsuktmlas rgsuk tmlas uom rgl y sus oalas lgotra lgk Cgmturg Lmtmsgt

XGXJAOQ>=QLM\MXG\. Hao gsta ym tala gstí kjsta pmrm jojhjmr kas ljcgrgotgs moíkjsjs go Igaemr`gtjoi qug acrghg Ogtwar` Momkyst.

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Haea rgsuktmla sg aftjgog km hmpm lg rgl lg kas gdgs vjmkgs lg km hjulml lg Kjem, gspghåcjhmegotg lg km zaom hêotrjhm, haoahjlm haea Kjem Ealgrom. Xg afsgrvm go km jemigo qug sg trmtm lg kas ljstrjtas hêotrjhas, kas eís motjiuas y urfmoas0 par ka tmota, kas qug hugotmo hao emyar jocaremhjøo sahjalgeairícjhm. M pmrtjr lg gstm írgm lg gstulja y hao km jocaremhjøo lg rgl igogrmlm, sg puglg prahglgr m igogrmr ljcgrgotgs moíkjsjs lg Igaemr`gtjoi.

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FJFKJAIVMCÅM Igajooavm. Fkai tgrrjtarja. Igaemr`gtjoi y Emr`gtjoi Aokjog. Vghupgrmla gk 8 lg gogra lgk 6>=2. bttps4//igajooavm.ari/fkaitgrrjtarja/igaemr`gtjoi-em tgrrjtarja/iga emr`gtjoi-emr`gtjoi-aokjog/ r`gtjoi-aokjog/   Hbmsha, H. (6>>8). Gk igaemr`gtjoi y km ljstrjfuhjøo haegrhjmk. Fmvjgrm-^uji, M., Fujtrmia, D.E., Gshrjfm, H., & Hkgegotg, D.X. (6>>:). Igaemr`gtjoi4 Mpkjhmhjøo lg kas sjstgems lg jocaremhjøo igairícjhm mk emr`gtjoi GXVJ. \rgs rgprgsgotmhjaogs cuolmegotmkgs lg hmpms lg jocaremhjøo igairícjhm. Vghupgrmla gk 8 lg gogra lgk 6>=2, lg4 bttp4//rgsaurhgs.mrhijs. rhgs.mrhijs.hae/gs/bgkp/i hae/gs/bgkp/igttjoigttjoibttp4//rgsau stmrtgl/mrtjhkgs/>63o>>>>>>>o>>>>>>.bte   Emsmlgkmotg. ±]uê gs uom fmsg lg lmtas1 . Vghupgrmla gk 8 lg gogra lgk 6>=2.  6>=2. bttp4//www.em bttp4//www.emsmlgkmotg.ha smlgkmotg.hae/cmqs/fm e/cmqs/fmsg-lg-lmtas sg-lg-lmtas   GXVJ. \jpas lg hmpms lg moíkjsjs lg rgl. Vghupgrmla gk 8 lg gogra lgk ap.mrhijs.hae/gs/mrhemp/= s/mrhemp/=>..=2. bttps4//lgs`tap.mrhijs.hae/g bttps4//lgs`t momkyst/typ momkyst/typgs-ac-ogtwar`-m gs-ac-ogtwar`-momkysgs.bte omkysgs.bte    GXVJ. ]uê gs uo lmtmsgt lg rgl. Vghupgrmla gk 8 lg gogra lgk 6>=2. bttps4//lgs`tap.mrhijs.hae/gs/mrhem bttps4//lgs`tap.mrhijs.hae /gs/mrhemp/=>..