Geology 11 Thu 2nd Long Exam

GEOLOGY 11 THU 2ND LONG EXAM FEBRUARY 10, 2011

c) When they are in the midst of flooding d) When they plunge over waterfalls

Read and follow the instructions CAREFULLY. BIG deductions will be given to those not following the directions. Write all answers in your bluebook. Misspelled answers WILL NOT be considered. This is it! Enjoy the exam! God bless! 

8. Which of the following mass wasting phenomenon could a person outrun? a) rockslide c) mud flow b) creep d) debris avalanche

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the BEST answer (15 pts). 1. The breaking down and changing of rocks at our near Earth’s surface is called a) mass wasting c) sheet erosion b) weathering d) uplift 2. The following are factors that affect soil formation EXCEPT: a) parent material c) gravity b) climate d) time 3. Lakes have _________ resulting to deposition of ________. a) Low energy; coarse sediments b) Low energy; fine sediments c) High energy; coarse sediments d) High energy; fine sediments 4. When a block of material moves downward along a CURVED surface, the process is called a) a rockslide c) a rock fall b) a mudflow d) a slump 5. In which type of climate does chemical weathering occur most rapidly? a) cold & dry c) cold & wet b) warm & dry d) warm & wet 6. The ________ marks the point at which ice can be created and can remain all year round a) snow line c) elevation b) tie line d) ice cap 7. When do streams and rivers deposit sediment? a) When their velocity decreases b) When their velocity increases

9. The correct sequence of rocks that are formed when shale undergoes prograde metamorphism (increasing grade) is a) Slate, gneiss, schist, phyllite b) Schist, phyllite, slate, gneiss c) Phyllite, slate, schist, gneiss d) Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss 10. The angle of repose of the materials in an area is determined to be 35o. When the angle is increased, the materials will _____________. a) move downwards c) stay in place b) be lithified d) explode 11. A type of sand dune that is somewhat similar in shape to a barchan dune, except that it is deeply curved and is convex in the downwind direction. a) parabolic dune c) star-shaped dune b) transverse dune d) longitudinal dune 12. Which of the following refers to a confining unit that neither stores nor transmits a) aquifer c) aquitard b) aquifuge d) aquiclude 13. Which metamorphic rock does not belong to the group? a) quartzite c) phyllite b) marble d) anthracite coal 14. Why is sediment transport by wind effective in desert environments? a) less vegetation c) both a and b b) dry sediments d) none of the above 15. A type of sandstone composed mostly of feldspars

a) lithic sandstone b) arkosic sandstone

c) quartz sandstone d) shale

II. True or False. Draw a (smiley face) when the statement is true. If false, draw a (sad face) and change the underlined word to make it correct (10pts). 1) In meandering rivers, erosion occurs at the outer bends while deposition at the inner bends. 2) According to the Udden-Wentworth scale, a sediment having 4-64mm grain size is referred to as cobble. 3) All mass wasting processes are rapid. 4) Limestones form below the CCD (carbonate compensation depth). 5) One can find coal and petroleum resources from areas that were once marshes. 6) The higher the grade of metamorphism, the larger the crystals become. 7) Competence refers to the MAXIMUM LOAD of sediment an agent such as streams can transport. 8) It is possible for a metamorphic rock to be metamorphosed again. 9) The larger the grain size of the sediment, the higher the energy required to transport or move it. 10) Bioturbation can be extensive in tidal flats. III. Matching Type. Match column A with column B. Write the LETTER and the COMPLETE WORD OR STATEMENT.  Column A 1) Stishovite and Coesite 2) preserved remains or traces of animals, plants and other organisms from the remote past 3) Gravel-sized with rounded clasts

4) Low temp, low pressure metamorphic facies 5) referring to lakes 6) chemically active fluids 7) A well in which the water level is above the land surface 8) Circle of coral reef and coral islands; surrounds a central lagoon 9) Includes all physical, chemical, and biological processes that take place after sediments are deposited. 10) A sand bar that connects an island with the mainland. 11) from SILICEOUS oozes 12) from CALCAREOUS oozes 13) No preferred mineral orientation 14) from PLANT remains 15) Unequal pressure in different directions; stress greater in one direction Column B A) Lacustrine B) High pressure Quartz C) Hydrothermal fluid D) Artesian well E) Tombolo F) Barrier Reef G) Fossils H) Diagenesis I) Granulite J) Zeolite K) Differential stress L) Non-foliated M) Conglomerate N) Chert O) Atoll P) Limestone Q) Coal

IV. Identification. Identify which sedimentary environment the following features belong to. Choose from the box below. Answers may be repeated (15 pts).

Aeolian Alluvial Delta Lacustrine Fluvial

Glacial Beach Tidal flat Shallow marine Deep marine

1) Dune 2) Turbidite 3) Varves 4) Meandering 5) Oxbow lakes 6) Ventifact 7) Point bar deposits 8) Loess

9) Cirque 10) Fringing 11) Spits 12) Distributaries 13) Erratic 14) Alluvial fan 15) Herringbone

V. Drawing. Make your drawings clear and big (at least half page of your bluebook). (15pts) 1. Draw a profile of a mature soil. Label the different zones or horizons. (5 pts) 2. Illustrate what happens to a sediment as it is being transported farther, in terms of grain size, sorting and roundness. (5 pts) 3. Draw a profile of a groundwater that is overpumped/overextracted. Label the water table, zone of aeration, zone of saturation, cone of depression. Include a well. (5 pts) VI. Essay. Answer BRIEFLY and COMPLETELY. (25 pts). Write LEGIBLY.  1. How are metamorphic rocks formed? Discuss the different agents and types of metamorphism. (5 pts) 2. Explain 1 process of CHEMICAL weathering. Explain 1 process of MECHANICAL weathering. Cite specific examples. (2.5 pts) 3. How are aquifers recharged? Explain through the water cycle. Also, cite

specific threats to our aquifers or groundwater. (5pts) 4. Discuss a real life Mass wasting event. What could have been done to prevent it? What can we do to prevent future disastrous mass wasting from happening? (5 pts) 5. Discuss POROSITY and PERMEABILITY. Relate it to sorting and grain size. (2.5pts) 6. Discuss one means by which deserts develop. (2.5 pts) 7. In general, how are sedimentary and metamorphic rocks important to you and me? Give specific examples. (2.5 pts) O? Pagod ka na ba? Huling hirit na! "Are you tired? Worn out? Burned out on religion? Come to me. Get away with me and you'll recover your life. I'll show you how to take a real rest” – Matthew 11: 28 VII. PICTUREsque. (5 pts). Pictures of sedimentary structures, env’ts and deposits will be flashed on the screen. Identify it by UNSCRAMBLING the letters. Write the whole word in your bluebooks. (1 minute per picture). 5 items, 2 bonus. BONUS (6pts). Grab this chance!  1) Draw a meandering river. Label the areas where erosion and deposition occurs. (2pts) 2) Why is there enhanced flooding in the CAMANAVA area?(2pts) 3) Draw a cirque, arête and horn. [Glacial environment] (2pts)