geography.pdf

GEOGRAPHY Physical Geography Paper – I a. Geomorphology b. Climatology c. Oceanography d. Environmental Geography a. b. c. d.

Human Geography Paper – II Economic Geography Cultural Geography Geographic Thought Geography of India with reference to Karnataka Paper – I: Physical Geography

Paper – I (a) Geomorphology Unit – I Unit - II

Origin of the Earth, Internal structure of the earth, Concept of Isostasy, Plate Tectonics

Earth Movements – Orogenic and eperiogenic movements, Earthquakes and Volcanoes Unit - III Process of weathering and Mass wasting, concept of cycle of erosion – Penck and Davis. Unit - IV Landforms associated with Arid, coastal, glacial and fluvial Reference

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Strahler A.N. ‘ The Earth Sciences, Harper and Row NY Thornbury W.D. ‘ Principles of Geomorphlogy’ Dasgupta and Kapoor ‘Principles of Physical Geography’ Siddhartha K ‘ Physical Geomorphology’ Majid Hussain ‘Geomorphology’ CLIMATOLOGY Paper – I(B) Composition , Structure of Atmosphere, Insolation, Distribution of temperature

Unit I Unit II

Atmospheric pressure – Distribution of pressure belts, winds – planetary wind – Monsoon, Local Winds, Humidity and Precipitation

Unit III

Air Masses – Origin, classification and Fronts – Cyclones – tropical and temperate thunderstorms

Unit IV

Classification of world climate – Koeppen and Thornth waite, EL-nino and Lanino global warming,

Recent trends in climatology. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Reference: Savindra Singh ‘ Climatology’ Triwartha , GT & Horn L.A. ‘Introduction to climate’ Lal DS ‘climatology’ Grifith Tailor ‘ Introduction to climatology’ Berry and Chorloy : Atmosphere , weather & climate. Dasgupta and Kapoor ; ‘ Principles of Physical Geography’

Paper I : C. OCEANOGRAPHY Unit I

The permanency of ocean basins; Theories of permanency, Location, Extent of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Unit II Submarine canyons : Origin and distribution. Configuration of ocean floor – continental shelf, slope, plain and deeps of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Unit III Physical and chemical properties of ocean water, temperature – distribution, salinity – origin distribution and factors affecting salinity. Unit IV Ocean deposits – Terragenious and paleagic, ocean currents – origin, types and distribution - Tides – theories , types . coral reefs – origin types and theories . Impact of Humans on marine environment. Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Lal D.S. ‘ Oceanography’ Sharada Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad Vattal & Sharma ‘ Oceanography for Geographers, Chytanya publications, Allahabad Sharma R.C. ‘Oceanography for Geographers ‘Chytanya publications, Allahabad Savindra Singh ‘ Physical Geography’ Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.

PAPER I (D) ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

Unit I:

Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Geography, concept of Ecosystem, , Functions, Structure, Nutrient cycles – Food Webs, Biomes – equatorial to polar

Unit II: Environmental quality , Environmental degradation, Environmental pollution – air, water – land and noise pollution and their effects. Unit III: Environmental Hazards and Risks ; Types and distribution, consequences and human adjustments to Natural hazards – Floods, droughts , Earth quakes and volcanoes. Unit IV: Environmental Management : Concept, strategies and need for Environmental planning and Management – sustainable development , Management of Environmental quality. Environmental impact assessment(EIA)

Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Strhaler and strahler A.H. ‘Geography of Man’s environment’ Frank R.G. & Frank D.N. ‘ Man and his environment’ Savindrasingh ‘Environmental Geography’ Saxena H.M. ‘Environmental Geography’ Robinson H. ‘ Bio Geography’ ELBS, Newyork

Paper II Unit I:

a): ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

Economic Geography as an Interdisciplinary subject . Approaches to economic Geography, Fundamental concepts

Unit II: Resources : Concepts, classification Soil resource - Formation, classification, conservation. Water resources : Underground and surface water, Water Pollution, water conservation Mineral – Types of mineral resources, distribution of metallic minerals, Iron Ore , Gold, Manganese and their conservation. Power resources – Types, distribution, conservation of coal, petroleum, Hydroelectricity Unit III: Agriculture : Determinants of agriculture, systems of agriculture, Methods of regionalization. Vonthunian Model and diffusion models. Unit IV: Industries : Locational factors, theories of Industrial location – Weber – Losch – Industrial hazards – Air,water and land – their impact on health. Industrial regions of the world. Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Jarett H.R ‘ Manufacturing Geography ‘ Mac Donald Xemolds, London Smith ‘ Industrial Location, Prentice Hall, Englewood, cliff NJ Alexanderson C, ‘ Geography of Manufacturing ‘ Prentice hall, NJ Hortshorn & Alexander : ‘Economic Geography ‘ Prentice hall, NJ Paper II (b) : Cultural Geography

Unit I:

Concept of culture, themes in cultural geography, (5 themes), cultural elements and components of culture.

Unit II: Cultural diversity, basis of cultural diversity . Races, Religion, Language and diffusion. Unit III: Cultural realms of the world, concept of cultural realms, classification and problems in classification. Unit IV: Major Ethnic Groups – Bushman , Eskimos , Pigmies and Khirgies, settlements , Rural & urban – Types of rural settlements, Rural VS urban , Rural depopulation, Urban land use theories – Harries, Ulman Hoyet. Functional classification of town. Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Robestein JH & Robert S Barren ‘ Cultural Landscape : An Introduction to Human Geography, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Singh R.Y ‘ Geography of Settlements ‘ Rawath, publication, Jaipur Hussain M ‘ Human Geography ‘Rawath, publication ,Jaipur Dicken & Pill ‘ Introduction to Cultural Geography’ Karlen ‘ Man & Land’

PAPER II Unit I:

(C): Geographic Thought Field of Geography : Structure of modern geography, Explanation in Geography, Themes of Geography – Area differentiation, landscape, Man – environment themes, spatial distribution, geometric , man environment theme.

Unit II: Development of Geography : Ancient, Medieval , Modern, School of thoughts – German, French, British , American and Russian School of thought. Unit III: Dualism Geography : Need , Systematic VS Regional, Determinism VS Possibilism, Ideographic VS Nomothetic, Quantitative revolution. Unit IV: Scientific Approach , Hypothesis , Models , Theories and Law, Nature and characteristics of Spatial Data. Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Adhikari S ; ‘Fundamentals of Geographic Thought ‘ Concept publishing co, New Delhi. Dikshit R.D : ‘ Geographic thought : A Conceptual History of Ideas , Prentice Hall Publishing company, New Delhi – 2 Majid Hussain : ‘Evoluations of Geographic thought’, Rawat publications, New Delhi. David Harvey : ‘ Explanations in Geography’, Mac Millian , Newyork.

PAPER II d) GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO kARNATAkA Unit I: Unit II: Unit III:

Unit IV:

Physical setting - India – Karnataka; Location, physiographic divisions, Drainage pattern and vegetation. Population: Growth, density, distribution , Literacy , sex ratio, Migration= Urbanization – trend – after independence – population policy Agriculture - Agriculture land use pattern, Major crops – rice , wheat, cotton , Sugar Cane, Tea, Coffee. Major Irrigation projects – Krishna, Tungabhadra, Cauvery, Bhakranangal, DVC, Nagarjun Sagar. Industries; Locational Factors, Iron Steel industries, cotton textile, cement, Industrial regions of India, Transport System – Road, Railways and Water ways. Reference:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Majid Hussain : ‘Regional Geography of India’, Rawath publishers, New Delhi Negi BS: Geography of India ‘ , Kedarnath , New Delhi Ranganath & Somashekar : “ Geomorphology of Karnataka” Dept of Mines & Geology, Khanija Bhavan, Bangalore Reddy & Murthy : “ Karnataka State ” Singh RL : India : A Regional Geography varanasi Spate OHK & Learminth ATA : “India & Pakistan” , Mathew, London