Genex U-net Introduction(FILEminimizer)

CONFIDENTIAL

GENEX U-Net Introduction ISSUE 4.0

www.huawei.com

RNP Staff Training Dept.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

References 

U-Net User Manual

Page 3

References 

U-Net User Manual

Page 3

Objectives  After this course, you will will ：  Comprehend

the features and functions of GENEX U-Net

 Master

how to use U-Net to plan a network step by step

 Know

how to use U-Net for HSDPA planning

Page 4

Contents 1 GENEX Overview 2 GENEX U-Net Features 3 How to use U-Net to plan a network 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning

Page 5

Huawei GENEX Family

GENEX

Nastar is a platform for monitoring and optimizing the  performance of GSM/CDMA/WCDMA wireless networks

GENEX Nastar Network Performance Analysis System

The GENEX Probe, network

GENEX Probe GENEX Test Mobile GENEX Assistant Test & Post-Process Tools

optimization and drive test data collection system, is an air interface test tool for WCDMA/HSDPA/GSM/GPRS networks. GENEX Assistant is a professional wireless test data post-processing software system. Downlink + Uplink

GENEX U-Net is a radio

RNC

GENEX U-Net Radio Network Planning Tool

planning

tool that fully supports the technologies of GSM,GPRS-EDGE, CDMA IS95, WCDMA/UMTS/HSDPA, CDMA 2000/1xRTT/1xEVDO, and TDSCDMA wireless networks.

Page 6

Whole Flow Overview

G E NE X c o v e r s

Radio Network Planning Tool

the network

Air Interface Test Tool and Post-Processing Tool

lifecycle

Network Performance Analysis Tool

Make full use of network resource

Page 7

GENEX Partners in The World Applied

in the Huawei 2G and 3G planning and optimization projects Covers

more than forty countries, including commercial and pilot network Assists

the renowned operators in establishing and optimizing the network with high quality. The

network operators include but not limited to: China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, Vodafone, PBTL, T-Mobile, Orange, CellPlus, PCCW(Sunday), Telecom, eMobile.

Aims

at consistently providing the customers with professional and high-level solutions for network planning and optimization.  Employed

by network operators and designing institutes all over 26 provinces and municipalities Integrates

the experiences of renowned operators, advancing with customers hand by hand.

Page 8

Contents 1 GENEX Overview 2 GENEX U-Net Features 3 How to use U-Net to plan a network 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning

Page 9

U-Net Overview   A

professional radio network design tool, supporting GSM/TDMA, GPRS-EDGE, CDMAOne, W-CDMA/UMTS and CDMA 2000/1x RTT/EVDO. It is specially designed for 3G.



Support both single system configuration and Enterprise serverbased network configuration. The single system configuration does not require connecting external database and users still can share engineering data.



With modern software structure as well as open and extendable platform.

Page 10

Modules 3G module

Prediction and simulation for WCDMA & CDMA2000/ 1xRTT/EVDO

Measurements module

Test Mobile data CW test data Propagation model tuning

DT Module

2G DT data for coverage prediction 2G DT data for propagation model tuning

AFP Module (GSM)

MicroWav e Module

Preplanning module Network dimensionin g

 Automatic Frequency Planning

Microwave managemen t & analysis

U-Net Base Module required (including GSM network planning and prediction)

Page 11

System Requirement 

U-Net Work Station 

PC Pentium3 processor or better

  more 

than 256 MB memory. 512 MB memory is suggested

Windows NT 4.0/Windows 2000 Professional/Windows XP



U-Net stand-alone version needs no external database



Multi-user structure supports the following database management system (Single user does not apply)   Microsoft

Access 97/2000

  Microsoft

SQL Server 7.0

  Oracle

v8.1.7 or higher

  Sybase

Adaptive Server V 11.5

Page 12

Powerful Geography Information System 

 Database for World Coordinate System (about 980 kinds)



Support various map formats:  Raster

data：BIL, TIF, BMP, MapInfo, ArcView,

ERDAS Imagine, MSI Planet...  Vector data



1



Vector

Support various resolutions: meter precision at most

Support various map types  Digital

Elevation Model (DEM)

 clutter

type data ( Type and Elevation)

 Three-dimensional  Traffic

raster

architectural data (raster and vector data)

data and Population-density data

 Satellite

and navigation map

 Vector data

DTM

Page 13

Multi-user Management 

Advanced database structure 

   

Flexible database structure, support multi-user through standard RDBMS (MS Access, MS SQL Server V7, Oracle V8, Sybase) Security management Database consistency Database connection/disconnection Stand-alone/distributed/client-server Server2

Server1

Workstation 4

Workstation 3

Server1

Workstation 4

Workstation 3

Workstation 2

Server2

Workstation 1

Server3

Workstation 2 Workstation 1 user 1

user 2

user 3

user 4

user 5

Page 14

user 6

user 7

Propagation Model  Modern

Propagation Calculation Engine:

 Define

propagation module on different levels: sectors, sites, zones or layers.

 Support  Path

geo databases with various resolutions

loss matrix with dual-resolution per transmitter

 Distributed

 Integrated  SPM

calculation

Propagation Modules:

Standard Propagation Module

 Okumura-Hata  ITU

Area calculated using a microcell model

和 Cost-Hata

Transmitter 

526-5 and ITU 370-7 Propagation Module

 Longley-Rice

 Interfaces

and WLL Propagation Module

Open to Exterior Modules

 Integrate

exterior propagation modules via API

 Integrate

the existing third party propagation modules completely, e.g. : Wavesight, Volcano, Winpro.

Influence simulation results: Factor I: precision of propagation model Page 15

Area calculated using a macrocell model

Measurement Module  Import

CW Measurement Data :

 Import

and display CW data

 Prediction

/measurement comparison and statistics

analysis  Automatically

correction of propagation modules

according to CW measurement.  Import

Measurement Data for Mobile Testing

 Import,

display and analyze testing mobile data.

 Replay

on the map according to routes defined by user s.

 Analyze

and display paging events.

 Support

generic ASCII and industry-specific standard

formats.  Automatically

correction of propagation modules

using mobile-testing drive test data.

Page 16

Traffic Model  For

each user

Traffic Model

Service

 – Circuit / packet User Profile

 –  Active factor  – Nominal rate

User Density

 – Traffic power Equipment Ec/Io

threshold

Mobility

 Traffic

Terminals

Services

WCDMA Traffic model

map

Based

on environment

Based

on live traffic data

Based

on traffic density

Influence simulation results: Factor II: precision of traffic model Page 17

Mobility

Simulation 

Monte Carlo simulation



Outputs





reports



statistics



More than 100 kinds predictions

For advanced analysis 

Parameters for each user in every snapshot (UL load, DL load, rejection reason, etc.)

Page 18

Point Analysis 

Live Computation (without considering path loss matrix).



Path Profile

Studied transmitters Types of TRX (or Distance and carriers in UMTS andSignal Level at Modulesbetween Txrepeaters CDMA/CDMA2000the receiver’s end used Rx

Estimated shadow margins

Diffraction Loss

DTM

the angle of the LOS read in the antenna vertical pattern

Indication of interference (If it is considered in modules).

LOS

10GHz ellipse

Diffraction peak (different propagation modules have different peaks).

Page 19

Point Analysis 

Radio reception diagnosis for a given point

Choose an existing simulation and check its load conditions on UL and DL.

Cells in mobile active set (grey area)

Definition of userdefinable “probe” receiver

Cells outside active set (white area)  Active set threshold (best pilot quality – active set threshold0.

 Analysis of specific carrier or all carriers (Carriers are considered as sets in site equipment).

 Availability of Pilot

 Availability of traffic on UL and DL Threshold for best server that becomes part of active set. (It varies with different mobility types). Page 20

Contents 1 GENEX Overview 2 GENEX U-Net Features 3 How to use U-Net to plan a network 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning

Page 21

Simulation step by step RNP Input & Equipment configuration

Link budget Analysis

Traffic model

Run Pilot Field Strength Prediction

Setup network Design

Pilot Level OK?

 YES

Traffic Forecast Avail? NO

NO  YES

Neighborhood planning criteria

Output parameters

Scrambling code allocation criteria

Neighbors planning& Scrambling code allocation

 YES

NO

Performance Requirements Fulfilled?

Run UMTS Traffic simulation

Setup fixed Load values

Make predictions (Services)

Page 22

Network Modeling  Geo

data －digital map

 Propagation  Network

Model

database

Page 23

Digital Map Digital map is used for planning basically consists of the following three components, stored under three directories respectively.  \Heights Digital Terrain Model (DTM): stored in a binary format where each element of the data represents the height above sea level in meters for a square area. Directly participate in radio propagation model calculation.  \Clutter  Digital Land Use (DLU): stored in a binary format with each element of the data containing a code corresponding to a category of land usage for a square area, such as forest, lake, open area, industrial area, urban area, high-storey building area. It is used during calculating radio propagation path loss.  \Vector Linear vector Model (LDM): linear vector data describes plane distribution and space relationship of linear clutters, including speedway, street and river. For Planet format map, Linear (2D) vector data is stored in ASCII DOS format and requires following types of input file - an index file, a menu file, and one or several vector data files. Page 24

Digital Map For high resolution digital map, there are another two kinds of maps which describe the building height.  \Clutter Height Digital Height Model (DHM): format is exactly the same as the DTM format except that the height values stored represent clutter height above ground level, that is, flat earth. Where clutter is open, values should be 0m.

 \3D Vector  3D vector data describe the shapes of clutters but also their heights in great detail. 3D vector data is expected to contain at least building contours and heights but contours and heights are also recommended for other clutters (e.g. vegetation, water…). For Planet format map, 3D vector data is stored in ASCII DOS format and requires following types of input file  – an index file, a menu file, and one or several couples of vector data files + vector 3D attributes files. Page 25

Selecting coordinate system U-Net works with the following two coordinate systems at the same time: 

Projection (Primary) coordinate system: It is a coordinate system of geographical database which depends on the imported geographic file. (Usually, projection system can be found in Projection file in DTM map directory).



Display coordinate system: it is a coordinate system for display and data-input. All the geographical coordinates are displayed and input according to this system. If the projection coordinate system and the display coordinate system do not match with each other, U-Net will adjust them.

Page 26

Propagation Model Model LongleyRice (theoretical)

Frequency band  – 40

MHz

ITU 370-7 Vienna 93

100 MHz – 400 MHz

ITU 526-5 (theoretical)

30 - 10.000 MHz

Take into account Terrain profile Reflection - Terrain profile

WLL

150 - 1.000 MHz

- Deterministic clutter  - Diffraction (3 knife-edge Deygout method) - Statistical clutter (at the receiver) - 1 formula per clutter  - Reflection - Terrain profile

Cost-Hata

1.500 - 2.000 MHz

- Flat areas

Calibration

- Very low frequencies

-Percentage time while real field > calculated field

- Statistical clutter (at the receiver) - 1 formula per clutter  - Reflection

- Free space loss

> Microwave links

- With diffraction or not

1 < d < 20 km

- Urban loss + correction a(Hr)

> GSM 900

- With diffraction or not

1 < d < 20 km

- Urban loss + correction a(Hr)

> GSM 1800

- K1, ..., K6 (single formula) 150 - 2.000 MHz

- Low frequencies

Fixed receivers

- Receiver height and clearance per clutter

- With diffraction weight Standard Propagation Model

- Long distances (d>10km)

Fixed receivers

- Diffraction (3 knife-edge Deygout method)

- Terrain profile OkumuraHata

Recommended use

- Terrain profile

- Terrain profile 30 - 10.000 MHz

Required settings

- Terrain profile - Statistical clutter  - Effective antenna height

- LOS or NLOS differentiation - Loss per clutter with clutter weighting - Receiver clearance

> CDMA/CDMA2000

> UMTS 1 < d < 20 km > GSM 900 > GSM 1800 > UMTS > CDMA/CDMA2000 (Automatic calibration available)

Page 27

Standard Propagation Model (SPM ） PathLoss=K1 + K2log(d) + K3log(HTxeff) + K4 ×Diffraction + K5log(d)×log(HTxeff) + K6(HRxeff) + Kclutter ×f(clutter) K1: Constant offset (dB) K2: Multiplying factor for log(d  ) d: Distance between the receiver and the transmitter (m) K3: Multiplying factor for log(HTxeff) HTxeff: Effective height of the transmitter antenna (m) K4: Multiplying factor for diffraction calculation. K4 has to be a positive number Diffraction loss: Losses due to diffraction over an obstructed path (dB) K5: Multiplying factor for log(HTxeff)log(d) K6: Multiplying factor for HRxeff HRxeff: Mobile antenna height (m) Kclutter  : Multiplying factor for f(clutter). f(clutter): Average of weighted losses due to clutter

Page 28

Network Database Sites  A site is a geographical point where one or several transmitters (multi-sector site or station) equipped with antennas with particular characteristics are located.

Page 29

Network Database CE (Channel Element) Consumption The number of channel element required by a site depends on site equipment, bearer type and link direction (UL or DL) Example of CE Consumption (Huawei NodeB) Bearer Name

Nb CEs used (UL)

Nb CEs used (DL)

 AMR 12.2

1

1

CS64

3

2

PS128

5

4

PS144

5

4

PS384

10

8

PS64

3

2

Page 30

Network Database

Horizontal Pattern

Vertical Pattern

Other Properties: Manufacturer, Gain (dBi), Beamwidth, Frequency

Page 31

Network Database Transmitters  A transmitter is the source or generator of any signal on a transmission medium. A transmitter is a piece of equipment composed of some antennas located on a site.

Page 32

Transmitter Parameters  Average frequency (FDD) used by propagation model

Carrier number Spread bandwidth Default remaining orthogonality factor at the receiver Io calculation mode • Total noise • Without pilot Nt calculation mode • Total noise • Without useful signal (signal of the considered cell)

Gain applied to the max Eb/Nt on several links in SHO in order to determine the resulting quality at t he RNC

Maximal Ratio Combining in softer/soft (2 sites, 3 Txs) (use both of rake factor and UL Macrodiversity gain)

Page 33

Network Database Cells Each carrier on a transmitter defines a WCDMA cell; cell gives the carrier characteristics on a transmitter.

Page 34

Transmitter Equipment Parameters

U-Net provides two ways to calculate transmission/reception losses:  Use losses of TMA and feeder to calculate  Directly set in Transmitters table

Page 35

Simulation step by step RNP Input & Equipment configuration

Link budget Analysis

Traffic model

Run Pilot Field Strength Prediction

Setup network Design

Pilot Level OK?

 YES

Traffic Forecast Avail? NO

NO  YES

Neighborhood planning criteria

Output parameters

Scrambling code allocation criteria

Neighbors planning& Scrambling code allocation

 YES

NO

Performance Requirements Fulfilled?

Run UMTS Traffic simulation

Setup fixed Load values

Make predictions (Services)

Page 36

Predictions

1. Predictions without  simulation (Independent of Traffic)

2. Predictions with simulations (Dependent on traffic)

Page 37

Predictions without simulation

Coverage by transmitter  : Display the

Coverage by signal level  : Display the signal

best server coverage

level across the studied area

O v e r l ap p i n g z o n e s :  

Display the signal level across the studied area

Page 38

Coverage Prediction Parameters Setting the following parameters: 



Signal level threshold value: defaulted as 120dBm and the maximum value has no upper limit.  All Servers or Best Server: usually select Best server so as to be convenient to observe the coverage of the best cell.



Signal level margin of the best cell: defaulted as 0.



Cell Edge Coverage Probability: if shadow fading needs not taken into account, set 50%; by default, shadow fading with 75% probability has taken into account.



Indoor Coverage: if checked, indoor loss set for each clutter has taken into account.



Carrier: select a specific carrier or all carriers, when “All” be selected, U-Net calculates the best carrier for each transmitter.

Page 39

Computation Zone Usually, Computation Zone needs to be drawn before predictions. Combine:

Delete: Specially,  – The computation zone may consist of several polygons. Draw a first polygon or select the existing zone on the map, then select the Combine tool of the Vector Edition bar and draw another polygon.  – The computation zone may be holed. Draw a polygon or select the existing zone on the map, then select the Delete tool of the Vector Edition bar and delete the part you want to remove from the polygon.

Page 40

Simulation step by step RNP Input & Equipment configuration

Link budget Analysis

Setup network Design

Traffic model

Run Pilot Field Strength Prediction

Pilot Level OK?

 YES

Traffic Forecast Avail? NO

NO  YES

Neighborhood planning criteria

Output parameters

Scrambling code allocation criteria

NO

Neighbors planning& Performance  YES Scrambling code Requirements allocation Fulfilled?

Run UMTS Traffic simulation

Setup fixed Load values

Make predictions (Services)

Page 41

Traffic Modeling Environments User

profiles

Terminals Mobility

type

Services

Page 42

Services Service name Service priority (0 : lowest) Type of service Macro-diversity use DL and UL nominal rate (kbps) (seen by the user) DL and UL coding factors (rate) • Circuit : DL and UL activity factors (DTX - Time) • Packet : DL and UL packet efficiency factors (unsuccessful data retransmission) Min and max allowed transmitter traffic power per link Body loss used in link budget

Page 43

Services

DL and UL Eb/Nt targets per mobility





Service Name, eg. Voice, VP, Web, Streaming etc.  Active factor/Efficiency factor



Nominal rate (UL & DL)



Body Loss (dB)



Max/Min DL TCH Power (dBm)



Eb/Nt corresponding to Mobility

Page 44

Mobility type 

Name: eg. 50km/h, 90km/h, Pedestrian etc.



Ec/Io threshold: the minimum Ec/Io required from a transmitter to enter the active set. In the U-Net, this value is verified for the best server.



Values refer to WCDMA/UMTS specifications or commercial network configuration

Mobility type name Pilot quality threshold (depending on speed) to define the best server of a mobile active set

Page 45

Terminals

Terminal name Minimum and maximum allowed power (UL) during power control simulation

Gain and loss in terminal

Noise figure used in the DL load factor determination

DL rake factor used for the signal recombination at the terminal

 Active set size : number of transmitters which can be connected to a mobile (maximum 4 in UMTS)

Page 46

User profiles User profile name

Which service with which terminal

Usage frequency with different definition • Circuit : average number of calls per hour, average duration of a call in seconds • Packet : DL and UL packet efficiency factors (unsuccessful data retransmission) 

Name: e.g. Urban users, Suburban users; or based on user behaviors, such as Upper users, Lower users etc.



Which terminal do this kind of user use? us e?



For which service?



With which usage characteristics charact eristics (call number, duration, volume… volume…)



Values come from MI or OMC data. Page 47

Environments

Environment type name

List of user profiles with associated mobility and density

Possible clutter weighting in order to get an accurate user distribution

Page 48

Create Traffic Map Purpose of traffic map Transfer Transfer traffic modeling onto the digital map for UMTS simulations. Traffic Traffic map makes traffic model become meaningful geographically. geographically.

 Map

based on Environments

 – Each  – Each pixel of the map is assigned an environment class  –Traf  –Traffic fic map is created based on combination of user profile, user density and mobility

Page 49

Create Traffic Map  Map

based on Transmitters and Services

 – Based on Best Server Coverage Prediction  – Define throughput or user numbers per service for each transmitter  – Live traffic spread over the service area of each transmitter

Page 50

Simulation step by step RNP Input & Equipment configuration

Link budget Analysis

Setup network Design

Traffic model

Run Pilot Field Strength Prediction

Pilot Level OK?

 YES

Traffic Forecast Avail? NO

NO  YES

Neighborhood planning criteria

Output parameters

Scrambling code allocation criteria

NO

Neighbors planning& Performance  YES Scrambling code Requirements allocation Fulfilled?

Run UMTS Traffic simulation

Setup fixed Load values

Make predictions (Services)

Page 51

Simulation Basis 

Simulation is oriented to simulate the running situation of networks under the current network configuration so as to facilitate decision-making adjustment.



U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user distributions (snapshots) randomly. By iteration, U-Net get the uplink/downlink cell loading, the connection status and rejected reason for each mobile. Snapshots, U-Net is able to generate prediction plots by using a non interfering mobile (called “probe mobile” or “test mobile”)

Page 52

Static Simulation 

Generate a certain quantity of network instantaneous state - “Snapshot”. 



 Acquire connection capability between terminals and networks by incremental operation. 



Here, some MSs or terminals are distributed based on a certain rule (such as random even distribution) at each “Snapshot”.

Here, it is required to consider the possibility of multiple connection failure (uplink/downlink traffic channel maximum transmit power, unavailable channels, low Ec/Io and uplink/downlink interference).

Measure and analyze results of multiple “Snapshots” to have a overall understanding of network performance. Monte Carlo simulation is a kind of static simulation.

Page 53

Monte Carlo Simulation 

The following takes coverage probability for an example to further understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed.

100%

20%

60%

100%

0%

75%

60%

40%

Page 54

Monte Carlo Simulation X％ 50 X 3 100 X X ％

X X

1 X

500mErl

X3

1X X 4 XX 2 X 5 X X1000mErl



120 X X％

2 X 1 4 X 3 XX 5 X 4 X 1200mErl XX X X 30％

4 X

X

X 5

300mErl

The overlay measurement results of multiple Snapshots should be consistent with traffic model.

Page 55

Simulation Parameters Name Number of simulations to run for the current session

Simulation results contain: •Only the Average Simulation and Statistics •No Information About Mobiles •Standard Information About Mobiles •Detailed Information About Mobiles

Constraints to respect during simulation: • maximum number of channel elements • maximum uplink cell load factor • maximum downlink cell load • OVSF codes availability

Page 56

Simulation Parameters (cont.) & Results Simulation Parameters

Simulation Results

Traffic • Cartography selection • Optional multiplicative factor

Convergence criteria • Maximum number of iterations • UL and DL convergence thresholds

Page 57

Rejection Reason Status

Main Reason

On the downlink, the pilot quality is not enough (no cell in the user active set)

Ec/Io pilot < Ec/Io min pilot

Ptch > Ptch max

The signal quality is not sufficient

Admission rejection

The maximum uplink load factor is exceeded (at admission or congestion)

UL load saturation

DL load saturation Code saturation

On the downlink, there is not enough reception on traffic channel On the uplink, there is not enough power to transmit

Pmob > Pmob max

Channel element saturation

Sub Reason

When constraints above are respected, the network may be saturated

There are not enough channel elements on site There are not enough power for cells There are no more OVSF codes available

Page 58

Simulation Statistics Request: Total users accessed into the network, uplink/downlink total volume required by the network, and details classification of each type of service.

Results: Refused users and relevant causes, users successfully accessed, actual volume of the network, and details classification of each type of service.

Page 59

Simulation step by step RNP Input & Equipment configuration

Link budget Analysis

Setup network Design

Traffic model

Run Pilot Field Strength Prediction

Pilot Level OK?

 YES

Traffic Forecast Avail? NO

NO  YES

Neighborhood planning criteria

Output parameters

Scrambling code allocation criteria

NO

Neighbors planning& Performance  YES Scrambling code Requirements allocation Fulfilled?

Run UMTS Traffic simulation

Setup fixed Load values

Make predictions (Services)

Page 60

Predictions dependent on traffic

Pilot q uality (Ec/Io):   Displays the

P i l o t p o l l u t i o n :  Displays pilot

pilot quality across the studied area.

pollution statistics across the studied area.

Page 61

Predictions dependent on traffic

Servic e area (Eb/Nt) uplink : Displays

areas where the traffic channel quality of probe mobile at transmitter (Eb/Nt) is sufficient for the transmitter to get a service. Uplink service area is limited by maximum terminal power.

Service area (Eb/Nt) do wn link  : Displays areas where there is one or more transmitter of which traffic channel quality at the receiver (Eb/Nt or combined Eb/Nt) is sufficient for the probe mobile to obtain a service.

Page 62

Predictions dependent on traffic

H a n d o f f S t a t u s :  Display

areas depending on the probe mobile handoff status.

Down link Total Noise: 

Display areas where the DL total noise or the DL noise rise exceeds some user-defined levels.

Effective service area: 

Displays the intersection zone between uplink and downlink service areas. It is the area where a service is really available for the probe mobile.

Page 63

Simulation step by step RNP Input & Equipment configuration

Link budget Analysis

Setup network Design

Traffic model

Run Pilot Field Strength Prediction

Pilot Level OK?

 YES

Traffic Forecast Avail? NO

NO  YES

Neighborhood planning criteria

Output parameters

Scrambling code allocation criteria

NO

Neighbors planning& Performance  YES Scrambling code Requirements allocation Fulfilled?

Run UMTS Traffic simulation

Setup fixed Load values

Make predictions (Services)

Page 64

Neighbours Automatic Allocation •Intra-frequency •Inter-frequency •Inter-RAT

Display neighbours on map

Page 65

Neighbours Automatic Allocation Max Number of Neighbours：usually 32. 

Force co-site cells as neighbours：force co-site cells to be taken into account. 

Force adjacent cells as neighbours：force adjacent cells to be neighbours. 

Force symmetry force neighbour symmetry. Thus, if B is a neighbour for A, then  A will be also a neighbour for B. 

Force exceptional pairs ： force the constraints defined for exceptional pairs. 

  

 Reset neighbours: start the automatic allocation from scratch.  Coverage conditions: eg. Signal Level, Ec/Io, coverage probability etc.  % Min covered area: minimum percent between the overlapping zone and the studied cell coverage area. Page 66

PSC Automatic Allocation Step1. Define Scrambling Code Format (Decimal or Hexadecimal) Step2. Create Domain-Group pairs define the lowest and highest available PSC, separation interval, excluded and extra codes

Step3. Assign Domain to cell

Step4. Automatic Allocation Each cell and its neighbours not have the same code Each cell and the neighbours of its neighbours not have the same code. In addition, all the neighbours (first and second) cannot have the same code. •Clustered Choose codes among a minimum number of clusters.  Allocate all the codes of a same cluster.

•Distributed Use as many clusters as possible. Allocate codes from different clusters.

Page 67

Scrambling Code Audit 

The algorithm will be quite helpful after manual correction.



Checking Allocation Criteria





Neighbouring Relationship



Exceptional Pair



Reuse Distance



Domain

Checking Results in Reports 

Scrambling Code Check.txt

Page 68

Contents 1 GENEX Overview 2 GENEX U-Net Features 3 How to use U-Net to plan a network 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning

Page 69

Contents 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning 4.1 U-Net HSDPA Simulation Theory 4.2 U-Net HSDPA Modeling 4.3 U-Net HSDPA Simulation 4.4 U-Net HSDPA Prediction

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Overview 1. Predictions. E.g. HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt, CQI, Peak Rate,  Application Throughput 2. HSDPA Monte-carlo Simulation 3. Independent HSDPA carrier and shared carrier with R99 4. Multi-carriers configuration 5. Static or Dynamic HS-PDSCH Power Allocation 6. Static or Dynamic HS-SCCH Power Allocation 7. Static or Dynamic code Allocation 8. Configurable 1-4 HS-SCCH 9. Limited Max number of HSDPA users 10.  MAXC/I, RR, PF Scheduling Algorithm

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Theory - CQI 

There are two methods to calculate CQI ：  

 

Based on CPICH quality Based on HS-PDSCH quality

The Two mapping tables are provided in U-Net Huawei recommends the use of HS-PDSCH based quality mapping table because this table’s default parameters are consistent with Huawei’s recommendation

HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt & CQI mapping table

CPICH Ec/Nt & CQI mapping table

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Theory-Scheduling 

  



The order of the served HSDPA users is depending on which one of the three available scheduling techniques has been selected . Proportion Fair 、MAX C/I、Round Robin are offered by this Version. MAX C/I：Resources allocated to UE with the best radio propagation conditions. HSDPA users are sorted in CQI descending order Round Robin: Resources allocated in a sequential way. HSDPA users are taken into account in their order of appearance in MC simulation (random order) Proportion Fair: A compromise between the two previous methods to allow to serve also users with bad radio conditions but trying to maxim ize average throughput. HSDPA users are first sorted in CQI descending order. Then the first HSDPA_MAX_USERS are taken into account in their appearance order.

All codes reserved for HSDPA transmission

2ms

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Theory-Peak Rate 

Peak Rate is RLC layer rate



The calculation process: 

Mapping Radio Bearer Index from CQI



Looking up HSDPA Radio bearer corresponding to the Radio bearer Index



Estimating UE categories supporting the bearer (Modulation/Code etc)



If supported，get the Peak Rate; if not, then go back to HSDPA Radio bearer to look up the best bearer and get the Peak Rate

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Theory-Application Throughput   Application 

Throughput is Application layer rate

The formula from peak rate to application throughput:  DL application

 R



 DL  (1  BLER )  ScaleFacto r   Offect   R peak 

TTI 



BLER defined in HSDPA Quality graph



Scaling Factor and Offset defined in HSDPA Service



△TTI is the minimum interval between two continuous TTI ，defined in the UE category

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Contents 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning 4.1 U-Net HSDPA Simulation Theory 4.2 U-Net HSDPA Modeling 4.3 U-Net HSDPA Simulation 4.4 U-Net HSDPA Prediction

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Transmitters 

Right click Transmitters/Properties/Global Parameters and get the popup window



Nt：Without useful signal and Total Noise, Without useful signal is recommended to be selected



CQI：Based on HS-PDSCH quality or Based on CPICH quality, Based on HS-PDSCH quality is recommended to be selected

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Cells 

Right click Transmitters/Cells/Open table to Open cell table

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Cells (cont.) 

HSDPA Power ：for static HSDPA power allocation there is need to fill in power values whilst if it dynamic HSDPA power allocation, there is no need



Power Headroom: the headroom left for fast fading and power control margin. For dynamic HSDPA power allocation there is need to fill in headroom values 0.4576 [10lg(100/90)=0.4576dB ]whilst if it static HSDPA power allocation, there is no need



HS-SCCH Power: for static HS-SCCH power allocation there is need to fill in power values(5% of HSDPA Power generally) whilst if it dynamic HSSCCH power allocation, there is no need



Scheduler Algorithm：supports Proportion Fair, MAX C/I and Round Robin



Others include: max /min number of HS-PDSCH codes ,the method of HSDPA power allocation, the method of HS-SCCH allocation ,Number of HS-SCCH channels, Max number of HSDPA users etc

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Terminals 

Click UMTS Parameters/Terminals/HSDPA to open HSDPA terminal table

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HSDPA related parameters: HSDPA supported, UE Category, MUD Factor (recommended value is 0)

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UE Categories are from 1 to 12 defined by 3GPP specifications

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Terminals (cont.) 

Right click Terminals (UMTS Parameters )and select HSDPA User Equipment Categories to open UE categories table



No need to be modified, use the defaults values

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Terminals (cont.) 

Right click Terminals and select Reception Equipment to open Reception Equipment Type



Double click standard to open standard properties



Include CQI table，Best Bearer table and DL Quality Indicator Table. They have been introduced ahead



No need to be modified, use the default values

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Mobility Types  

Double chick Mobility Types to open the table We need to set the Ec/Nt Threshold. U-Net calculates the HS-SCCH Power from these threshold when is set to HS-SCCH Dynamic Power  Allocation. The suggested values as shown in the figure below

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Services 





Double click Services to open HSDPA properties HS-PDSCH Requested  Average Rate: Requested  Average Rate by Per user, the default is 100Kbps.it just affects the HSDPA user densities Scaling factor and offset is the factor and offset of RLC layer and Application Layer ；U-Net calculates Application throughput from Peak Rate

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Services (cont.) 

Click the right button of R99 Radio Bearer to open ADPCH-UL64 properties



Set Nominal Rate ,Coding Factor and DPCCH/DPCH Power Ratio of Uplink and Downlink. It is recommended to use the default values

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Services (cont.) 

Set UL and DL Target in the Eb/Nt sheet

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Services (cont.) 

Right click Service and select HSDPA Radio Bearers

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Set the mapping table from Radio Bearer index to Peak rate

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Not need to be modified, use the default values

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User Profiles 

Right click User Profile and select New to create HSDPA User



E.g. : the Uplink traffic is continuous 64kbps, the Downlink traffic is continuous 2Mbps. This means 1. 64 kbps/8 * 3600 = 28800 Kbytes 2. 2 Mbps *1024 / 8 *3600 = 921600 KBytes

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Traffic Maps 

Map based on Transmitters and Services (Throughputs) 、 Map based on Transmitters and Services (＃Users) in present U-Net version, create different maps for R99 and HSDPA service to avoid R99 terminal to be allocated with HSDPA traffic and influence simulation accuracy

R99

HSDPA

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Contents 4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning 4.1 U-Net HSDPA Simulation Theory 4.2 U-Net HSDPA Modeling 4.3 U-Net HSDPA Simulation 4.4 U-Net HSDPA Prediction

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Simulation Statistics 

R99 service access rate



The reasons of Rejected and delayed 1. HSDPA Delayed: lack of HSDPA power 2. HSDPA Scheduler Saturation: HSDPA users not in selected HSDPA_MAX_USERS users

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Simulation Result - Cell 

In group, check the results in cell (average)



In single simulation, check the results in cell



There are two important parameters of power ： 1. Total Transmitted Power without HSDPA (DL) (dBm)： total Power of R99 traffic and pilot channels etc in downlink. 2. HSDPA Power （dBm）： HSDPA traffic power

① When HSDPA traffic exists，it is the

maximum usable power and depending on remaining OVSF codes 、UE categories etc ② When no HSDPA traffic, the values is 0

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Simulation Result - Mobile 

In group, check the results in cell (average)



In single simulation, check the results in cell



There are two important parameters of power ： 1. DL requested rate: Depending on HSDPA usable Power,remaining OVSF codes and UE categories etc, it is not associated with HSDPA traffic 2. DL obtained rate: depending on the scheduler algorithm (Round Robin, Max CQI, Proportional Fair) to select which users obtain the rate

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Simulation Result - Rate 

In group, check the results in cell (average)



In single simulation, check the results in cell

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Some important results : 1. HSDPA Application Throughput:  Application layer rate，calculated from HSDPA Peak Rate. 2. HSDPA Peak rate：RLC layer rate， for single simulation, equaling to the average requested rate (HSDPA) of mobiles (connecting DL) in the cell 3. Instantaneous HSDPA Rate： for single simulation, equaling to the sum of obtained rates (HSDPA) in the cell 4. Instantaneous HSDPA Rate of GROUP simulations can be regarded as the cell average rate. But it is not the actual cell average rate, it is not associated with HSDPA traffic

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Contents 4 Using U-Net for HSDP HSDPA A planning 4.1 U-Net HSDPA Simulation Theory 4.2 U-Net HSDPA Modeling 4.3 U-Net HSDPA Simulation 4.4 U-Net HSDPA Prediction

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Predictions for HSDPA 

Right Click Prediction and select “New”, Study Types, select HSDPA Study



Select Fields (HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt, Ec/ Nt, CQI, Peak Rate, Application Throughput) in Display sheet



Peak rate：RLC layer rate



 Application Throughput Throughput:: Application layer layer rate

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Predictions for HSDPA

HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt:   HS-PDSCH  HS-PDSCH quality is associated with the DL transmission rate, range from -20dB to 20dB

CQI:   associated  associated with the t he DL transmission rate.

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Predictions for HSDPA

Peak rate:   Display RLC rate for each

A p p l i c a ti o n T h r o u g h p u t :    Display

pixel.

applicatioin rate for each pixel.

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