Ge ne rator Diff e re ntial (87 G) Transforme r Diff e re ntial (87 T) Re strict ed Earth Fault (87 REF) U AT Diff e re ntial (87 UT A & 87 UTB) Ove r He ad Line Diff e re ntial (87 L) Ove rall Diff e re ntial (87 GT)
Transforme r REF P rot e ction X ER
CTs
REF
Back-Up Earth fault
Protection Against Insulation Failure
Diff e re ntial
P rot ec tion Int er -turn Fault P rot e ction Stator Earth Fault P rot ec tion Rotor Earth fault
Protection Against Insulation Failure Stator Earth Fault Protection
80% Earth Fault P rot ec tions 100% Earth Fault P rot ec tion
Protection Against Insulation Failure
Diff e re ntial
P rot ec tion Int er -turn Fault P rot e ction Stator Earth Fault P rot ec tion Rotor Earth fault
Prot e ction
Against Abnormal Running Conditions
Ove r-voltage Prot e ction Unde r Voltage Ove rload Prot ec tion (51G) Low Forward Powe r ( 37 G) Re ve rse Powe r ( 32 G) Anti Motoring Prot ec tion ( 32 Y T) Pole Slipping (98 G + 95 G ) Loss Of Fie ld (40G) Negative Seque nce Prot ec tion (46 G) GT Ove r Fluxing (99G) Back--up Impe dance ( 21 G) Back Back-up Prot ec tion Local Bre ake r BackPole Discre pancy Prot ec tion
WCD WCD WCD ZTO Y Y CGF
Y CG
Ge ne rator Transforme r Prot e ction
Diff e re ntial Prot e ction
REF Prot e ction Ove rfluxing Prot e ction Back--up Earth Fault Prot e ction Back Oil & Wdg Te mpe rature Prot e ction Buckholtz Prot e ction PRV Prot e ction
U AT PROTECTION
Short Circuit Prot e ction Ove rload Alarm Diff e re ntial Prot e ction Oil & Wdg Te mpe rature Prot e ction Buckholtz Prot e ction
Low / Re ve rse Powe r Prot e ction
CT
Dire ction
of Powe r Flow
Powe r
Re lay
Charact e ristics of Loss of Fie ld +X
Locus of Impe dance Re lay Impe dance locus
-R
+R
Xd/2=Z1
Xd = Z2
Locus of Loss of Fie ld
Offse t: Xd/2 ( transie nt Re act .) Circle Dia: Xd ( Synchronous Re act .) Charact e ristic angle : 60 to 85 degree s
Charact e ristics of Impe dance 3 Phase faults & Normal Conditions
+X
2 Phase & 1 phase faults
-R
Locus of Impe dance Re lay Zf
Impe dance locus
Zr
+R
Charact e ristic angle : 60 to 85 degree s
Locus of Loss of Fie ld K1=6, K2=1 Timer Stage-1=2.5 Sec for Unit Trip, Timer Stage-II=3.0 Sec for Unit Trip Setting is thus Zf=K1*K6*1.15. reverse=0.25 Zf, MTA 75 Degrees
Pole Slipping
Dire ctional
prot e ction
Unit with angle be twee n 50 to
75 degree s Blinde r Unit with angle be twee n 50 to 75 degree s Re ve rse re sistive re ach se tting be twee n 0.25 Ohms to 32 ohms for Blinde r Unit Ove rcurre nt unit Time de lay Unit
Locus of pole slipping Blinde r
Dire ctional
Locus of Pole Slip
Load Are a
-RS Ope rat e Ele me nt B
Ope rat e Ele me nt A & T
Re strain
Locus of Loss of Fie ld I=5.2 Amps, Timer 52.5 ms, Angle=75 Deg, Rs=3.156 Ohms
Pole Slip
Re lay Ope ration
Crit er ia:1. Ove rcurre nt Ele me nt should ope rat e 2.
Dire ctional
Ele me nt A should ope rat e which initiat es time r of 60ms
3. Aft e r e lapse of time r time Blinde r e le me nt should ope rat e
+220 VDC
-220 VDC O/C
B-1
A-1
Time r T T-1
B-2
To TRIP
There Occurs a fault, then the current should halt. Otherwise the fault current would increase, and the service continuity decrease. But the relay acts Quick, and the circuit breaker trips The Faulty part is disconnected, and the power system is protected.
Thank you Mr. Switchge ar, because of you there is little fear.
Thank you for interesting in our services. We are a non-profit group that run this website to share documents. We need your help to maintenance this website.