Generating PWM With PIC Microcontroller - MikroC Pro

November 6, 2021 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module

Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module 19  Jan

Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module (https://electrosome.com/author/lijoppans/) pans/)   By Ligo George (https://electrosome.com/author/lijop (https://electrosome.com/category/tutorials/pic-mic ials/pic-microcontroller/mikroc/ rocontroller/mikroc/), ), PIC Microcontroller  MikroC (https://electrosome.com/category/tutor (https://electrosome.com/category/tutori (https://electrosome.com/category/tutorials/pic-microc als/pic-microcontroller/), ontroller/), Tutorials (https://electrosome.com/category/tutori (https://electrosome.com/category/tutorials/) als/) (https://electrosome.com/tag/microcontroller/), ), MikroC (https://electrosome.com/tag/mikroc/), (https://electrosome.com/tag/mikroc/), PIC  Microcontroller (https://electrosome.com/tag/microcontroller/ (https://electrosome.com/tag/pic/), (https://electrosome.com/tag/pic/), Proteus (https (h ttps://electrosome.com ://electrosome.com/tag/proteus/), /tag/proteus/), Tutorials (https://electrosome.com/tag/tutorials (https://electrosome.com/tag/tutorials/) /) (https://electrosome.com/pwm-picpwm-pic-microcontroller/#comments) microcontroller/#comments)   110 Comments (https://electrosome.com/

PWM (https://electrosome.com/pwm-pulse-width-modulation/) is a technique used to generate analog output signal using digital signals. It is commonly used to control average power delivered to a load, motor motor speed control, generating analog voltage levels and for generating analog analog waveforms.

Contents 1 MikroC Functions 2 Circuit Diagram – Using internal PWM Module of PIC 3 MikroC Program

CCP Modules are available with a number of PIC Microcontrollers. CCP stands for Capture/Compare/PWM. Capture/Compare/PW M. Using PWM module is far more easier and cost eective than using extra chips chips for PWM generation. generation. MikroC Pro for PIC Microcontroller provide built-in libra library for PWM which makes our task very simple. very simple.

4 Download 5 Video

MikroC Functions PWM1_Init(constant long frequency) : This function initializes the PWM module with duty ratio 0. Frequency parameter is the desired frequency in Hz. It should be a numeric constant, should not be a variable. PWM1_Set_Duty(unsigned short duty_ratio) : This function is used to set the duty cycle of the PWM. The parameter duty_ratio takes values from 0 to 255, ie 0 means 0% , 127 means 50% and 255 means 100% duty cycle. The PWM1_Init() routine must be called before using this. PWM1_Start() : This function starts the PWM output. PWM1_Init() must be called before calling this routine, PWM1_Stop() : This function stops the PWM output. PWM1_Init() must be called before calling this routine. PWM1_Start() should be called before calling this function otherwise calling this function will not have any eect as PWM module is not running. Note 1 : For microcontrollers with more than one CCP module, to use the desired CCP module for PWM generation simply change the number “1” in the prototype with desired module number. eg: PWM2_Init(5000), PWM2_Init(5000), PWM2_Start(). Note 2 : All PWM modules in a PIC Microcontroller uses Timer 2 for its operation, so you cannot set dierent frequencies for dierent PWM modules.

In this tutorial we are using PIC 16F877A for demonstrating PWM generation using CCP module. PIC 16F877A contains two CCP modules.

Circuit Diagram – Using internal PWM Module of PIC In the below circuit four switches are provided for controlling the Duty Ratio of PWM generated by two CCP modules of the PIC Microcontroller. Switch 1 : To increase the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP1 Switch 2 : To decrease the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP1 Switch 3 : To increase the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP2 Switch 4 : To decrease the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP2

(https://electrosome.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Using-Internal-PWMModule-PIC-MIcrocontroller.jpg) Using Internal PWM Module PIC Microcontroller Circuit Diagram 

The output of the two CCP modules are given to a CRO to observe the changes in pulse width. It may be given to two LEDs and you can see the changes in brightness as Duty Ratio changes.

MikroC Program

void main() { short current_duty_1 = 16; // initial value for current_duty_1 short current_duty_2 = 16; // initial value for current_duty_2 TRISD = 0xFF; // PORTD as input TRISC = 0x00; // PORTC as output PWM1_Init(5000); PWM2_Init(5000); PWM1_Start(); PWM2_Start();

// Initialize PWM1 // Initialize PWM2

// start PWM1 // start PWM2

PWM1_Set_Duty(current_duty_1); // Set current duty for PWM1 PWM2_Set_Duty(current_duty_2); // Set current duty for PWM2 while (1) // endless loop { if (!RD0_bit) // if button on RD0 pressed { Delay_ms(40); current_duty_1+ +; // increment current_duty_1 PWM1_Set_Duty(c urrent_duty_1); //Change the duty cycle } if (!RD1_bit) // button on RD1 pressed { Delay_ms(40); current_duty_1- -; // decrement current_duty_1 PWM1_Set_Duty(current_duty_1); } if (!RD2_bit) // if button on RD2 pressed { Delay_ms(40); current_duty_2+ +; // increment current_duty_2 PWM2_Set_Duty(current_duty_2); } if (!RD3_bit) // if button on RD3 pressed { Delay_ms(40); current_duty_2- -; // decrement current_duty_2 PWM2_Set_Duty(current_duty_2); } Delay_ms(10);

// slow down change pace a little

} }

I thinks the program is self explanatory, so if you have any doubts please comment below…

Download You can download the MikroC Source Code, Proteus les etc here… Using Internal PWM Module of PIC Microcontroller (https://electrosome.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Using-Internal-PWMModule-of-PIC-Microcontroller.zip)

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Generating PWM with CCP Module of PIC Microcontroller

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 Author Ligo George (https://electrosome.com/author/lijoppans/) I am a technology enthusiast who likes to work with circuits, microcontrollers, linux, RTOS, IoT etc. You can hire me for your project, just drop a mail to [email protected] (mailto:) I do research and developments in hardware, software and rmware. Follow Me on LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ligo-george-726b482b/)

hassan590  Sir i cant understand the command ‘if (!RD0_bit)’… can we use ‘if(RD0==1)’ instead of ‘if (!RD0_bit)’???

Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  if(!RD0_bit) is equivalent to if(RD0_bit == 0) or if(PORTD.F0 == 0) or if(!PORTD.F0) sti  sir, can i have the hitech c equivalent code of the above code???? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry, now I haven’t it.. but surely I will post it one day… Try searching on edaboard forum… sairamya  sir can you give the code for running two dc motors using dierent pwm Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You can use the above code for controlling the speed of 2 dc motors separately. Use L293D driver… Read the following article.. http://www.electrosome.com/dc-motor-l293d-pic-microcontroller/ (http://www.electrosome.com/dc-motor-l293d-picmicrocontroller/) Give the PWM outputs of PIC to enable inputs of L293D. Just add the code for controlling clockwise or anticlockwise direction of  motor to the above code.. adpeian  Sir how to control the motor using the electronic speed controller and pic using pic16f628a? what is probable source code of  mikroC for that? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You can control the speed of a motor using its ccp1 module… there is only a littile change in the source code since we are using mikro c… you can simply change it according to the pins you are using.. emufambirwi  Thanks so much for the tutorial. How do I adapt this code and circuit for H-Bridge Sine wave Inverter Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You should vary the PWM duty c ycle according the the instantaneous amplitude of the sine wave.. adpeian  thank you sir. another question sir what is the output of the pic using ccp1 module to the input of the electronic speed controller? and how can i control like a servo controller? thank you sir Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Can you please elaborate your e lectronic speed controller?? emufambirwi  I am a bit of newbie, maybe what I should have asked for is how to generate the sine wave form from the same PIC and use PWM to make an H-bridge Inverter adpeian  sir we are using electronic speed controller rated 40amps. to c ontrol the speed of the brushless motor likewise the brushless motor nee. The electronic speed controller is like a servo motor with input signal whose pulse width varies from 1 ms to 2 ms. We want to have a program that can generate these pulses to turn on and control the brushless motor. Do you have a program for that sir? adpeian  –the brushless motor needs the esc to operate Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Using PWM we can produce any analog voltage…. as duty cycle varies the average voltage of it also vary… for a 5V pwm.. duty cycle 100% gives 5V 50% gives 2.5V 0% gives 0V.. thus switch the H bridge according to sine wave..

Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  If it is like servo motor… you needn’t use pwm module… try this : http://www.electrosome.com/servo-motor-pic-microcontroller/ (http://www.electrosome.com/servo-motor-picmicrocontroller/) AGU  HOW CAN I MEASURE THE SPEED OF MOTOR? Hwang  Hi, can i know the 12V power supply using what ampere? thank you very much =D Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  12??.. the above circuit needs only 5V.. Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You may use a ir sensor and ir led for that… by counting the cutting rate of ir falling on ir sensor.. you can nd the s peed of the motor.. Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Hello, here is the hi tech c e quivalent.. http://www.electrosome.com/pwm-pic-microcontroller-hi-tech-c/ (http://www.electrosome.com/pwm-pic-microcontroller-hi-techc/) Zahid Aftab  can we control heater with this pwm, and the tempreture of heater can control with tempreture controller and the digital output of  tempreture controller replace with digital INCREASE or DECREASE inputs Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  What heater?? If it is a heater working on AC mains… I think it is not good using PWM method… Use SCR and control the ring angle.. karuna  plz suggest me a microcontroller having more than four independent PWM.currently I am using dsPIC33f family that has 4 PWM Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Use this search tool : http://www.microchip.com/maps/microcontroller.aspx (http://www.microchip.com/maps/microcontroller.aspx) hystrix  sir, how to combine pwm coding in micro c with coding of dc motor ? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Try this : http://electrosome.com/dc-motor-speed-control-pic-pwm/ (http://electrosome.com/dc-motor-speed-control-pic-pwm/) hystrix  thank you sir,,means that we do not need to combine dc code,,just put pwm coding…. one more thing,,i tried to combine micro c coding for stepper,dc and servo motor but i got some er rors..can you give me some tips on how to combine micro c coding,,,actually im doing training kit using pic 16f877a…a part of that contains dc,, stepper and servo motor….i got some problem on how to combine those 3 coding… hope can help,,really appreciate… Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Connect dc, stepper and servo motor to dierent pins of pic microcontroller…… use your logic in program.. hystrix  thanks sir Sheik Mohammed 

Mr.Ligo, Good work. I’m trying to generate code for the following. I wanna generate two independent pulses- So we will PWM1 and PWM2 with same frequency. The pulses are of same duty cylcle.. But, There should be a delay between two pulses. For example- Let us say the Freq is 1000. therefore the Time = 1ms In this c ase, Pulse 1 starts at 0 s ec, second pulse should start after 0.5ms. What is the solution. I have tried so many things using PWM1 aND pwm2 WITH DELAY. bUT, NOTHING WORKS>>>  yusuf  why cant we control ac mains..?? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Use Soft generated PWM… using interrupt… timer 2 overow interrupt will be generated while using pwm… so use interrupt service routine to generate soft pwm with a delay if the output pin is PORTB 0 void interrupt ISR() {  __delay_ms(your delay here); if(RB0 == 1) RB0 = 0; else RB0 = 1; } Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Which 12V supply… above circuit needs 5V rohit  what will be the pwm code for PIC18F4431??? or can i used above one..same rohit  i want to write a pwm code for BLDC motor…please help me… Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Refer the datasheet of your microcontroller…. If the pwm module of your microcontroller is similar to 16F877A’s PWM module, you can use above code.. otherwise you need to modify my functions…. most probably you need to modify my codes. .as you microcontroller is 18F .. Ogbachi Ibrahim  Ligo, I would want to nd out if i can use PIC16F877A and the code above to control 2-phase interleaved dc-dc converter? I am using four MOSFETs of which i will have PWM on two going from high to low and the other two will have PWM going from low to high. Constant duty cycle of 0.5, frequency is 50kHz. Please advise. Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry I haven’t yet any experience with it.. but you can drive any mosfet with PIC’s output… which is 5V, 25mA (max).. PACO MAN  How ca i use this code for a sine sine wave 60 hz using the 16f877a. Chetan Kumar  Sir can you give the code for switching 4 switches with dierent pwm Alexis  Hi, I’m looking for a solution for every time a rising edge occurs on RB1 I should increase the duty cycle by 10 on the signal provided by RB0.Every time a rising edge occurs on RB2 I should decrease the duty cycle by 10% on the signal provided by RB0. I achieved to generate a PWM signal on RBO with a period of 200us and a 10% duty cycle but I don’t know how increase or decrease the duty cycle, using only a main.c solution. Thanks

 John M. Thank you very much for all of these, it really shed some light on how can I use PIC18F for such an application. This design is actually what I really need except for 1 thing, I need the PWM output to be at 25Khz. As you have attached the hex and source les here, I tried to modify it myself from 5000 to 25000. But I’m having problem compiling it to hex. I tried cx8 and Hi-tech PICC compiler to no avail. The cx8 shows “Error [1098]” while the PICC tool suite shows “Halting build on rst failure as requested.” error. Can you help me in modifying the code to 25khz and compiling it? I’m really sorry for I’m just a newbie in PIC programming. Also, will the circuit be able to function properly with 25khz output? Thanks! =)  John M. Ok I got it now.. I’ll try to program this on the PIC tommorow, and I hope it works.. Thanks!  John M. Hello Ligo George.. Thank you very much! I built one of this and it worked perfectly for my application (Fan PWM controller).. Now I’m planning to use this for some other application, but rst, will this work on 120Khz output? I’m also thinking about hooking it up to an LCD to show the current duty cycle, or maybe the f an rpm someday if I can learn how to program it.. Thanks a lot! mahee  i want to control a LED using PWM according to a variable resister(protentio meter). can you plese explain me the micro c code for it? ADC to PWM . using micro controller Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  read adc value…… it will be a 10bit number. .. eg : unsigned int a; a = ADC_Read(0); then divide it by 4, eg : char b; b = a/4; Then write pwm PWM1_Set_Duty(b); AHMEDQ Kh  hello dear can i use pwm for buck and boost ? my regards Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Yes, ofcourse.. ishra  Sir can you please provide me the code to generate a single pulse with a specic frequency to drive a stepper motor one step? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  I think that you can’t use PIC’s PWM module to control servo motor….. as we can’t generate s uch low frequencies using it. AHMEDQ Kh  thanks bro please i have been written that code of buck converter but my mosfet can not be work please can you help my how to inter that code Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry, my helps will be limited. Use CRO and analyse what is happening. shelaz  can i have the cicuit for pwm Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Circuit diagram is published above.. Azhar Hayat 

hello , I wanna help with the title “Closed-loop DC Motor Drive for maintaining Constant speed & Torque on Variable loads”. I want to use PIC controller with PWM for this purpose and in addition , PID controller would be used to handle the feedback signal and give it to the Motor drive circuitry. Nustian  hey Ligo, can you tell me the rating of the motors for which this cct is applicable? and is it veried in terms of hardware ??? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You can use PWM for the speed controlling of dc motor… http://electrosome.com/dc-motor-speed-control-pic-pwm/ (http://electrosome.com/dc-motor-speed-control-pic-pwm/) Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry, I haven’t yet used any PWM ICs.. sujith thycattussery  Please post a tutorial on 50hz pure sinewave generator. Akito  Can you upload example code CCP module for PWM generation for PIC32? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry, now we don’t have the code for PIC32. Dal  Hi can you make a simple program explaining this above concept I will be thankful Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  It is already simple. You can understand it very easily as it uses MikroC built-in libraries. Debabrata Ghosh  Dear Mr. Ligo Can you help me providing a simple code of PWM for PIC 12F675 with which I can build a simple obstacle sensor. I am a senior citizen and passing my time with experimenting with dierent circuit (discreat ICs) & interested in PIC, already experimented with simple PIC codes published in net…. I have read your tutorials and liked them as those are very clearly explained. My requirement is like this 1) One pin of PIC 12F675( with this I am comfortable) will deliver 40kHz signal to an ultrasonic Tx module at a regular intervels. 2) Another pin of PIC as input where another Ultrasonic RX is connected will receive the reec ted signal. 3) 3rd. pin will produce PWM signal whose duty cycle will change in proportion with the received signal strength. That mean if I connect a LED here, its brightness will be maximum when the obstacle is very close to the sensors Try to help me, Please send the code to my mail. I have Micro C. Thanks. D. Ghosh. [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]). FAch  Hi, I am using pic16f887 to generate 3 pwm signals for my 3 phase ac motor. I have done the rst 2 pwm signals because there are in built modules for pwm in the pic but the third one i need to make with interrupts and timers. Could you please help? And due to it being a 3 phase motor, the three pwm signals have to spaced by 120degrees, any ideas how to do that aswell please. thanks  yeshwanth  hie can tell me how u compared both sine and triangle wave for to get pwm?? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry, I have no free time to develop your project code. There is no CCP module in PIC 12F675. You may generate PWM by coding. Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00900a.pdf (http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00900a.pdf) Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Here PWM is generated using CCP modules of PIC Microcontroller…

Abhishek  meaning of short current_duty_1 = 16; PWM1_Set_Duty(current_duty_1); Why value 16? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  It set’s initial duty value… It can be any value in the range 0 ~ 255. Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You can provide power and voltage inputs… through ADC of PIC Microcontroller. .after stepping down to 0 ~ 5V range. mahee  thank you it worked. can you tell us how can we control a motor using PID controlling according to an analog input. please put a tutorial on that. i think that is one of major issue among most students. mahee  Sir, can you tell us how can we control a motor (both DC and AC) using PID controlling according to an analog input. please put a tutorial on that. i think that is one of major issue among most students. (MIkRO C and arduino) Zeus  in stead of using switches cant we use a pot to change duty cycle Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Ok. I will try. Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Yes.. ofcourse…. Just read the ADC value and use it in the PWM duty function after dividing by 4. Vani  What is the maximum switching frequency I can achieve using PIC16F877A alia  #include #use delay (clock = 20000000) #fuses hs,nowdt,nobrownout,noprotect #byte PORTB=0xF81 //port B will be used as output #byte PORTC=0xF82 //port C also will be used as output #byte PORTD=0xF83//port D as input 12V void main() { set_tris_d(1);//set portD as input connected to pin 12V set_tris_b(0); //set portB as output. portB set as ccp1 connected to green light. set_tris_c(0);//set portD as output. c1 and c3 connected to red and blue. setup_ccp1(ccp_pwm); // set ccp1 as pwm setup_timer_2(T2_DIV_BY_16,225,1); //set timer2 divisian 255,internal as 1 while(1) { if(input(pin_d0))

{ output_high(pin_b3); //to ON enable output_high(pin_c1); //to make led move forward output_low(pin_c2); //when input b0 is high set_pwm1_duty(150);//at 7.03v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); set_pwm1_duty(175);//at 8.20v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); set_pwm1_duty(200);//at 9.44v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); set_pwm1_duty(225);//at 10.55v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); set_pwm1_duty(250);//at 11.72v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); set_pwm1_duty(255);//at 11.96v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); } else { output_high(pin_b3);//to on enable output_low(pin_c1);//to make led move backward output_high(pin_c2);//when input b0 is low set_pwm1_duty(150); //at 7.03v set_timer2(0); delay_ms(40); set_pwm1_duty(175);//at 8.20v set_timer2(0);

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Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Sorry, I don’t have any codes for inverter. Mustafa Adenwala  Hey, I am making SPIM using micro controller, So can I provide pulses to my inverter with this (16F877A) micro controller? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Yes, ofcourse. Kunal Mahajan  Hello Sir, Please tell me is it possible to generate staircase waveform using PWM in PIC32?? Paulino jr.c  when i use PWM2_Stop() the PWM1 stop also. Why ? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  It should not happen like that. Try using the latest version of MikroC. Ajeet Kumar  Can we generate 50kHz PWM signal using PIC16F883? Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  Yes, Er Nitin Ahuja  sir, i have to generate a pulse of 2 second period and 50 % duty cycle in pic16f877a having clock frequency is 8 mhz. please help… Ligo George (http://www.electrosome.com/)  You may use normal delay functions or timer interrupt for that.  ghaghabay  Hi dear George,rst of all thank you,sir i need to 3 phase pwm for 3 phase inverter progect with 120 and 240 degree phase shift? can you help me? regards HASAN  I need code for PIc18 lakshmi  sir how can i produce two pwm signals with same duty cycle and a delay between two using mikroC I tried and i am not able to give delay lakshmi  void main() { TRISC.F2=0; TRISC.F1=0; T2CON.T2CKPS1=0; T2CON.T2CKPS0=1; PR2=0XF9; CCP1CON.CCP1M3=1; CCP1CON.CCP1M2=1; CCP1CON.CCP1M1=0; CCP1CON.CCP1M0=0; CCPR1L=0X52; CCP1CON.CCP1X=0; CCP1CON.CCP1Y=0; T2CON.TMR2ON=1; DELAY_us(250); T2CON.T2CKPS1=0; T2CON.T2CKPS0=1; PR2=0XF9;

CCP2CON.CCP2M3=1; CCP2CON.CCP2M2=1; CCP2CON.CCP2M1=0; CCP2CON.CCP2M0=0; CCPR2L=0X52; CCP2CON.CCP2X=0; CCP2CON.CCP2Y=0; T2CON.TMR2ON=1; while(1); } this is the code and i am getting two PWM without delay Umair Rehman  Do anybody have a code for PLECS [C-subscript] for PWM generation of three phase induction motor? eee angels  how to generate 3 dierent delayed pulses to switch on 3 mosfets in micro c? . nj  in which software i do the programming Phunsukh Wangdu  Please help me…i want to control light brightness by using PIC Micro controller with button (PWM)..I found this in your site. Why my LED always blinking…in oscillation PWM working. Please give me a proper solution or give me a source code for light brightness control PIC with push buttons Rolando Aguilera  Do you know how to generate SPWM with a TI microcontroller? Mark Alfeche  Sir our thesis is all about buck-boost converter using pic16f877a..can you help me how to use the pins on that microcontroller so that the switch of our microcontroller is that pic

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